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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: DNA methylation, a modification found in most species, regulates chromatin functions in conjunction with other epigenome modifications, such as histone post-translational modifications and non-coding RNAs. In mammals, DNA methylation has an essential role in development by orchestrating the generation and maintenance of the phenotypic diversity of human cell types. Recent years have brought spectacular advances in our understanding of the mechanism, function and regulation of DNA methyltransferases through their interaction with other epigenome modifications, chromatin factors and post-translational modifications, which are described in this Special Issue of Genes. Manuscripts are specifically addressing describing the targeting and regulation of DNA methyltransferases by interacting factors and their roles in cellular differentiation and the development of diseases. Prof. Dr. Albert Jeltsch and Prof. Dr. Humaira Gowher, Guest Editors
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; DNMTs ; n/a ; histone modification ; TBRS ; DNA methyltransferases ; autoinhibition ; epigenetics ; DNMT ; cell identity ; embryogenesis ; dwarfism ; DNMT3B ; germ cells ; HSAN1E ; USP7 ; DNMT3A ; DNA methyltransferase ; gene expression ; DNMT1 ; de novo DNA methylation ; DNA methyltransferase structure ; UHRF1 ; DNA methyltransferase mechanism ; allosteric regulation ; rare diseases ; DNA Methylation ; maintenance DNA methylation ; DNA methylation ; ADCA-DN ; PCC/PGL ; ubiquitination ; TETs ; DNA methyltransferase function ; molecular epigenetics ; DNA methyltransferase regulation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: Thy-1 ; CD90 ; Signal Transduction ; cell-cell interaction ; Cell-matrix interaction ; Scaffold ; Nanodomains ; integrin ; Mechanotransduction ; Cancer ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 3
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access textbook aims at providing detailed explanations on how to design and construct image analysis workflows to successfully conduct bioimage analysis. Addressing the main challenges in image data analysis, where acquisition by powerful imaging devices results in very large amounts of collected image data, the book discusses techniques relying on batch and GPU programming, as well as on powerful deep learning-based algorithms. In addition, downstream data processing techniques are introduced, such as Python libraries for data organization, plotting, and visualizations. Finally, by studying the way individual unique ideas are implemented in the workflows, readers are carefully guided through how the parameters driving biological systems are revealed by analyzing image data. These studies include segmentation of plant tissue epidermis, analysis of the spatial pattern of the eye development in fruit flies, and the analysis of collective cell migration dynamics. The presented content extends the Bioimage Data Analysis Workflows textbook (Miura, Sladoje, 2020), published in this same series, with new contributions and advanced material, while preserving the well-appreciated pedagogical approach adopted and promoted during the training schools for bioimage analysis organized within NEUBIAS – the Network of European Bioimage Analysts. This textbook is intended for advanced students in various fields of the life sciences and biomedicine, as well as staff scientists and faculty members who conduct regular quantitative analyses of microscopy images.
    Keywords: Analyzing Image Data in Biology ; Building a Bioimage Analysis Workflow ; Computational Analysis ; Chosing the Correct Components for Given Biological Questions ; Data Handling and Plotting ; Deep Learning ; Fast Computation ; GPU-Acceleration ; Handling Biological data ; Machine Learning ; Phyton ; Processing Language ; Understanding Bioimage Analysis Software ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSF Cellular biology (cytology) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Recombinant viruses expressing reporter fluorescent or bioluminescent proteins are an excellent option to evaluate the dynamics of viral infection progression in both cultured cells and/or validated animal models of viral infection. Reporter proteins are valid surrogates for direct detection of infected cells in vitro and in vivo, without the use of secondary methodologies to identify infected cells. By eliminating the need of secondary labeling, tractable replicating-competent, reporter-expressing viruses provide an ideal approach to monitor viral infections in real time, representing a significant advance in the study of the biology of viruses, to evaluate vaccination approaches, and to identify new therapeutics against viral infections using high-throughput screening settings. In this Special Issue “Replication-Competent Reporter-Expressing Viruses” we review replication-competent, reporter-expressing viruses belonging to different families, methods of characterization, and applications to facilitate the study of in vitro and in vivo viral infections. We also seek to discuss disadvantages and limitations associated with these reporter-expressing viruses. Finally, we provide rational future perspectives and additional avenues for the development, characterization, and applications of recombinant, reporter-expressing, competent viruses.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; luminescence ; virus rescue approaches ; fluorescence ; Recombinant viruses ; plasmid-based reverse genetics ; reporter genes ; replicating-competent reporter-expressing viruses ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Introducing “A Feasible Approach for Natural Products to Treatment of Diseases”–an exploration of the therapeutic potential locked within nature’s abundant offerings. This comprehensive reprint delves into the fascinating realm of natural products, uncovering their inherent properties, mechanisms of action, and potential roles in effective disease management. Through extensive scientific research and reviews, the authors shed light on the immense potential of natural products as a viable approach to enhancing health and combating diseases. This reprint presents a diverse and multidimensional exploration, bridging the gap between traditional wisdom and contemporary scientific understanding and offering new avenues for healthcare professionals, researchers, and enthusiasts to harness the power of nature’s remarkable resources. As a catalyst for unlocking the healing potential of natural products, this reprint inspires further investigation and innovation, and drives us towards a future where their integration into mainstream healthcare becomes indispensable. Discover the possibilities and embark on a health and well-being journey with “A Feasible Approach for Natural Products to Treatment of Diseases”.
    Keywords: cancer immunotherapy ; fructan ; FT-IR ; mass spectrometry ; young green barley ; COVID-19 ; β-glucans ; immunomodulation ; anti-inflammation ; anti-oxidant ; ACE2 regulation ; impedance ; ECIS ; antitumor activity ; anticancer properties ; betulin ; betulinic acid ; Amadori rearrangement compounds ; barley ; anti-obesity ; arginyl-fructose ; adipogenic ; ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraenol (ERGT) ; cholesta-5,7,22,24-tetraenol (CHT) ; ergosterol biosynthesis ; antimetabolite ; suicide substrate ; Trypanosoma brucei ; coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 ; main protease ; Saussurea costus ; molecular docking ; GC-MS profiling ; Molineria recurvata ; diabetic nephropathy ; urinary biomarkers ; inflammation ; oxidative stress ; walnut ; Juglans regia ; high-fat diet ; insulin resistance ; cognitive function ; JNK/NFκB pathway ; Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium ; flavonoids ; anticancer ; mechanism ; phenotype ; Angelica sinensis polysaccharide ; Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide ; hexokinase 2 ; glycolysis ; JAK2/STAT3 pathway ; liver regeneration ; Holoptelea integrifolia ; MMP-9 ; wound healing ; friedelin ; oxalactam A ; macrolactam ; anti-Rhizoctonia solani ; Penicillium oxalicum ; molecular dynamics ; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ; natural products ; terpenoids ; mechanisms ; treatment ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress is associated with a number of health disorders, including cardiovascular malfunction, certain types of cancer, diabetes mellitus, many other auto-immune diseases, and even ageing. The body possesses multiple mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress, which employ antioxidant compounds that are either naturally generated in situ (endogenous antioxidants) or externally supplied through food (exogenous antioxidants). These antioxidants are able to counteract oxidative stress, thanks to their ability to neutralize excess free radicals and protect the cellular lipids, proteins, and DNA from molecular damage. Exogenous antioxidants from the diet are of increasing interest because of their beneficial role in maintaining good health and in preventing chronic diseases. Indeed, a diet rich in dietary antioxidants, especially from fruits and vegetables, has been correlated with a successful prevention and lower incidence of several degenerative pathologies, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This Special Issue of Nutrients welcomes the submission of manuscripts, either describing original research or reviewing scientific literature, examining the role of diets rich in antioxidant compounds in the prevention of chronic diseases and the characteristics of the antioxidants included in such diets.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; antioxidants ; chronic diseases ; dietary supplementation ; human health ; prevention ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Diet and nutrition are key tools in promoting health and reducing the comorbidities of chronic diseases. There are thousands of biomolecules in fruits, vegetables, wild and medicinal plants, other land and marine organisms, which can exert functional and health-promoting effects through bioactivity beyond nutrition. From the enormous amount of knowledge generated from different natural bioactive ingredients present in foods, we are aiming to bring together experts working in different fields of food, nutrition, and health, in order to work on this Special Issue, with a comprehensive collection of papers to gain insight into the most promising bioactive compounds in different foods, to improve the preservation of bioactivity during the food processing chain, and to provide scientific evidence of the efficacy of key bioactives in foods in preventing disease and improving health and wellbeing.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; TX341-641 ; Health ; Bioactives ; Nutrition and Metabolism ; Nutrients ; Bioavailability ; Food ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 8
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Among the most important innovations in the history of life is the transition from single-celled organisms to more complex, multicellular organisms. Multicellularity has evolved repeatedly across the tree of life, resulting in the evolution of new kinds of organisms that collectively constitute a significant portion of Earth’s biodiversity and have transformed the biosphere. This volume examines the origins and subsequent evolution of multicellularity, reviewing the types of multicellular groups that exist, their evolutionary relationships, the processes that led to their evolution, and the conceptual frameworks in which their evolution is understood. This important volume is intended to serve as a jumping-off point, stimulating further research by summarizing the topics that students and researchers of the evolution of multicellularity should be familiar with, and highlighting future research directions for the field.
    Keywords: Animal Kingdom,Plasmodial Slime Molds,Polysphondylium Pallidum,Amoeboid Cells,Multiciliated Cells,Single Celled Ancestors,Fruiting Body Morphology,Cellular Slime Mold Dictyostelium Discoideum,Single Cell Techniques,Naegleria Gruberi,Cellular Slime Mold,Myxococcus Xanthus,Ventral Folds,Bryozoan Larva,Major Evolutionary Transitions,Amoeboid Migration,Motile Cilia,Unicellular Ancestors,Complex Life Histories,Physarum Polycephalum,Cell Theory,Flagellated Cells,Molecular Phylogenies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSF Cellular biology (cytology) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The diversity of wood and non-wood forest products is enormous and reflected in their anatomical, physical and chemical properties as well as their potential applications. Special attention should be given to lesser-known species and even to invasive species, which may be profitable when properly managed, thereby decreasing the overexploitation of threatened species. Besides the market importance of stem wood, other tree components and non-wood forest products, often regarded simply as forest residual materials, are valuable forest resources with various potential applications that can strengthen the circular economy. Assessing the characteristics of these diverse materials, such as their structure and anatomy as well as their physical and chemical properties, is fundamental for evaluating their potential and increasing high-quality end-uses. This knowledge will also contribute to sustainable forest management with enhanced forest diversity and species conservation in addition to the reinforcement of certification and environmental policies.
    Keywords: Calamus zollingeri ; Calamus ornatus ; dynamic vapor sorption ; basic density ; volumetric swelling ; white rot ; mold ; Quercus suber L. ; seasonal variation ; cuticular waxes ; leaves ; new species ; morphology ; wood ; properties ; chemical composition ; spectroscopy ; chemometrics ; unconventional species ; Quercus suber ; cork borer ; cork ; phenolics ; tropical species ; wood anatomy ; wood density ; wood color ; multivariate analysis ; species diversity ; dark-brown zone ; lenticular filling tissue ; quantitative anatomical characteristics ; Quercus variabilis ; reproduction cork ; scanning electron microscopy ; sclereid ; virgin cork ; Cytisus scoparius ; liquefied ; optimization ; eco-valorization ; agro-industrial residues ; Asparagaceae ; lignocellulose ; crystalline cellulose ; syringyl/guaiacyl ; anatomy ; Tilia amurensis Rupr. ; Tilia mandshurica Rupr. & Maxim. ; branch ; wood properties ; papermaking material ; tropical timber ; color parameters ; mid-infrared spectroscopy ; FTIR ratios ; environmental factors ; West African Sahel ; Cupressus funebris Endl. wood ; wood knots ; physical properties ; wood color properties ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAL Forestry industry
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: “Personalised Nutrition” represents any initiative that attempts to provide tailor-made healthy eating advice based on the nutritional needs of each individual, as these are dictated by the individual’s behaviour, phenotype and/or genotype, and their interactions. This Special Issue of Nutrients is dedicated to the development, implementation and assessment of the effectiveness of evidence-based “Personalised Nutrition” strategies. In this regard, a selection of reviews and original research manuscripts will bring together the latest evidence on how lifestyle habits, physiology, nutraceuticals, gut microbiome and genetics can be integrated into nutritional solutions, specific to the needs of each individual, for maintaining health and preventing diseases.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; n/a ; gene-based ; taste ; postprandial leptin ; children ; personalised ; obesity ; macronutrient composition ; gastrointestinal symptoms ; postprandial adiponectin ; formula diet ; avoidance diet ; weight loss ; weight ; omega-3 fatty acids ; microbiome ; genotype ; nutrition ; direct-to-consumer test ; intervention ; clinical nutrition ; postprandial total ghrelin ; dietary intervention ; microbiota ; low-carbohydrate diet ; insulin ; FADS polymorphism ; adults ; genetics ; diet ; healthcare professionals ; HbA1c ; PROX1 gene ; phenotype ; high-fat meal ; glucose ; personalised nutrition ; irritable bowel syndrome ; dietary recommendation ; postprandial metabolic fingerprinting ; type 2 diabetes mellitus risk ; high-carbohydrate meal ; health ; ultra-high performance liquid chromatography ; food allergy ; normo-carbohydrate meal ; nutrimetabolomics ; type 2 diabetes ; nutrigenetics ; gene–diet interaction ; personalized nutrition ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: New scientific advances in different areas have allowed the design of more precise strategies for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders through nutrition. In this context emerges the term Precision Nutrition, a new approach that takes advantage of scientific knowledge about the interaction of internal and external environmental factors to develop dynamic and precise nutritional recommendations. Therefore, Precision Nutrition includes personalized advice based on genetics and well-documented gene–nutrient–phenotype interactions, as well as other factors such as individual metabolome, transcriptome, and microbiota profile; food behavior; and dietary, physical activity, and life-style habits; and the resulting interactomes. Precision Nutrition should be based at least on three sequential steps: conventional nutritional approaches (considering age, gender, and physiological states); the incorporation of nutritional and health status information (e.g., metabolites, physical and nutritional behavior); and the genetic baggage including multiomics functional integration.
    Keywords: dietary parameters ; carbohydrate intake ; obesity ; single nucleotide polymorphism ; CLOCK gene ; rs3749474 ; sodium intake ; hypertension ; single-nucleotide polymorphism ; personalized nutrition ; dietary vitamin A ; body fat ; UCP ; retinoic acid ; PBMC ; genetic variant ; weight loss ; nutrigenomics ; dietary intervention ; FTO gene ; dietary protein ; dietary carbohydrates ; dietary fat ; macronutrients ; gene-diet interaction ; glucose homeostasis ; glaucoma ; polygenetic-risk scores ; gene-gene interaction ; gene-nutrient interaction ; precision medicine ; childhood ; insulin resistance ; adipokine ; metabolomics ; biomarkers ; ELOVL ; metabolic alterations ; Mexican population ; Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ; pediatrics ; cardiometabolic risk factors ; precision nutrition ; eating behavior ; nutrigenetics ; microbiota ; metabolic syndrome ; Mediterranean diet ; genetic risk score ; HELENA ; adolescents ; sex ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The Hippo pathway is a highly dynamic cellular signaling nexus that plays central roles in multiple cell types and regulates regeneration, metabolism, and development. The Hippo pathway integrates mechanotransduction, cell polarity, inflammation, and numerous types of paracrine signaling. If not tightly regulated, dysregulated Hippo pathway signaling drives the onset and progression of a range of diseases, including fibrosis and cancer. The molecular understanding of the Hippo pathway is rapidly evolving. This Special Issue contains ten articles contributed by established and up-and-coming Hippo pathway experts that, as a whole, provides an up-to-date overview of how dysregulated Hippo pathway activity is a common driver of specific diseases. The articles have a particular focus on the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms that cause the Hippo pathway to go awry, and especially how this drives disease. The articles analyze disease-specific as well as common themes, which provides valuable insights into the fundamental molecular mechanisms in the dysfunctioning Hippo pathway, and thereby offer practical insights into potential future therapeutic intervention strategies.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; STRIPAK ; skin cancer ; n/a ; Lats2 ; transcription ; myofibroblast ; epigenetic ; Hippo ; cancer immunity ; TAZ ; Taz ; TAZ (transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif) ; adaptive immunity ; fibroblasts ; innate immunity ; LATS ; MST (mammalian STE20-like protein kinase) ; phosphorylation ; stem cells ; wound healing ; signal transduction ; angiogenesis ; LATS1/2 ; EMT ; protein-protein interactions ; structure biology ; Hippo pathway ; hippo pathway ; autoimmunity ; Mps one binder ; YAP/TAZ ; GPCR ; fibrosis ; MST1/2 ; YAP (yes-associated protein) ; YAP ; Yap ; protein kinase ; LATS (large tumor suppressor kinase) ; peripheral nerve sheath tumor ; signal cross-talk ; stem cell ; skin development ; STK38 ; tumorigenesis ; NDR ; schwannoma ; G protein-coupled receptor ; anti-cancer therapy ; feedback loops ; vascular mimicry ; castration resistance ; chromatin ; Hippo signalling ; ECM ; MST ; prostate cancer ; TEAD ; cancer ; zebrafish ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Planting trees in the agricultural landscape, in the form of establishing agroforestry systems, has a significant role to play in potentially improving ecosystem services, such as increased biodiversity, reduced soil erosion, increased soil carbon storage, improved food security and nutrition, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. While the role of trees in agroforestry systems in improving ecosystem services has been researched, studies in new systems/regions and new agroforestry system designs are still emerging. This Special Issue includes selected papers presented at the 4th World Congress on Agroforestry, Montpellier, France 20–22 May 2019, and other volunteer papers. The scope of articles includes all aspects of agroforestry systems.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; farmers’ knowledge ; ahannon-wiener index ; economic benefits ; alley cropping ; lignin ; shelterbelts ; agroforestry ; natural capital ; forest farming ; nutrient content ; agroforestry system ; review ; Amazonia ; cropland ; riparian buffers ; climate change ; subtropical acidic forest soil ; bees ; phosphorus ; pollination ; 15N tracing experiment ; stable isotope ; West Java ; interspecific competition ; growth form ; cropping system ; climate change mitigation ; gross N transformation rates ; East Africa ; improved-fallow ; N-fixing trees ; carbon sequestration ; home garden ; margalef index ; windbreaks ; leaf nutrient diagnosis ; agroforestry systems ; pollinators ; sorption ; forestland ; China ; temperature change ; fractionation ; hedgerows ; native trees ; slash-and-mulch ; soil N ; shade tree species ; soil C ; Alpinia oxyphylla ; sustainable management ; plant water use ; rubber-based agroforestry system ; ecosystem services ; Indonesia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The intention of this Special Issue is to focus on new aspects of drug discovery, including the search for new molecular targets of various diseases, the creation of new modern methods for diagnosing diseases, the development of new test systems and kits for assessing the selectivity and effectiveness of new drugs, the study of the molecular mechanisms of biologically active compounds, the formulation of new drugs, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, and preclinical trials of important molecules.
    Keywords: Streptococci ; antimicrobials ; QSAR ; MD simulation ; Kunitz-type peptides ; neuroprotective activity ; sea anemones ; TRPV1 ; P2X7R ; Parkinson’s disease (PD) ; diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) ; deep neural network ; drug discovery ; drug combination ; biomarker ; cancer severity ; cancer prognosis ; MAFB ; tumor-associated macrophages ; prostate cancer ; photodynamic therapy ; magnetic resonance imaging ; ex vivo ; anti-inflammatory substance ; N-acylhydrazone ; naphthyl-N-acylhydrazone ; LASSBio-1524 analogues ; phosphacoumarin ; azomethine ylide ; cycloaddition ; anti-cancer ; cytotoxicity ; quantum chemistry ; pravastatin ; metformin ; radiation-induced intestinal injury ; minipigs ; epithelial regeneration ; inflammation ; arylazo sulfones ; DNA binding ; DNA cleavage ; DNA photocleavage ; A375 melanoma cells ; molecular docking ; radicals ; N–S bond homolysis ; platinum(II) ; five-coordinate complexes ; glycoconjugation ; cytotoxic activity ; protein X-ray structure ; lipophilicity ; natural products ; acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ; butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors ; Alzheimer’s disease ; central nervous system ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The range of human neurodegenerative diseases continues to pose significant unmet medical needs for societies around the world. The progressive and terminal nature of these conditions places a considerable personal burden on the individual affected but also on public health systems and health services. Tens of millions of people are indiscriminately affected by various dementias, which are rising at an alarming rate. There are no cures for many conditions, and it is clear that treatments applied as early as possible could greatly improve outcomes for patients. Therefore, new disease classification and diagnostic tools should be a key priority. Metabolomics represents a relatively new field of analytical science, which can be extremely useful in the early diagnosis of disease. The relatively unique feature of metabolites is that they sit at the intersection between the genetic background of an organism and its environment. Because many neurodegenerative diseases are not genetically inherited (instead having a range of known genetic risk factors and also a large number of unknown environmental triggers) the field of metabolomics offers great promise for the discovery of new, biologically, and clinically relevant biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders. It is already bringing forward new knowledge in terms of the mechanisms of neurodegenerative disease.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; glutamic acid ; n/a ; direct mass spectrometry ; neurodegeneration ; 6-OHDA ; targeted mass spectrometry ; mitochondrial dysfunction ; myo-inositol ; metabolomics ; bile acids ; subacute mild traumatic brain injury ; age-related macular degeneration ; metabolic pathways ; energy metabolism ; midbrain ; Alzheimer’s disease ; biomarkers ; 1H NMR ; Parkinson’s disease dementia ; GC-MS ; pathogenesis ; tricarboxylic acid cycle ; micro-dialysis ; 13C-labeled succinate ; metabolism ; lipidomics ; dementia with Lewy bodies ; fatty acid ; prodromal Parkinson’s disease ; malonate ; cerebral ischemia ; mass spectrometry ; retinal pigment epithelium ; excitotoxicity ; endothelin-1 ; reperfusion ; C. elegans ; Streptomyces venezuelae ; ?-synuclein aggregates ; natural product ; fatty acid metabolism ; imaging mass spectrometry ; LC-MS ; drusen ; cerebral palsy ; plasma ; Parkinson’s disease ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 16
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Welfare is a multidimensional concept that can be described as the state of an animal as it copes with the environment. Captive environments can impact farmed animals at different levels, especially fishes, considering their highly complex sensory world. Understanding the ethology of a species is therefore essential to address fish welfare, and the interpretation of behavioral responses in specific rearing contexts (aquaculture or experimental contexts) demands knowledge of their underlying physiological, developmental, functional, and evolutionary mechanisms. In natural environments, the stress response has evolved to help animals survive challenging conditions. However, animals are adapted to deal with natural stressors, while anthropogenic stimuli may represent stressors that fishes are unable to cope with. Under such circumstances, stress responses may be maladaptive and cause severe damage to the animal. As welfare in captivity is affected in multiple dimensions, multiple possible indicators can be used to assess the welfare state of individuals. In the past, research on welfare has been largely focusing on health indicators and predominantly based on physiological stress. Ethological indicators, however, also integrate the mental perspective of the individual and have been gradually assuming an important role in welfare research: behavioral responses to stressors are an early response to adverse conditions, easily observable, and demonstrative of emotional states. Many behavioral indicators can be used as non-invasive measurements of welfare in practical contexts such as aquaculture and experimentation. Presently, research in fish welfare is growing in importance and interest because of the growing economic importance of fish farming, the comparative biology opportunities that experimental fishes provide, and the increasing public sensitivity to welfare issues.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; SF1-1100 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; muscle texture ; fractal analysis ; fish welfare ; Danio rerio ; motivation ; histopathology ; elevated phosphate concentrations ; sharks ; welfare ; African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) ; feed efficiency ; fighting ability ; aggressive interaction ; social rank ; boldness ; ethology ; fisheries management ; physiological response ; FishEthoBase ; welfare scores ; welfare criteria ; stress ; pain ; stereotypical behaviour ; Scyliorhinus canicula ; animal behavior ; welfare enhancement ; social communication ; nociception ; negative and positive affect ; aggression ; fertilisation success ; risk analysis ; aquaculture ; hematology ; Amyloodinium ocellatum ; framework ; structural complexity ; territorial ; growth ; positive welfare ; social stress ; age ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 17
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The re-use of industrial food residues is essential in the general framework of rational waste handling and recycling, which aims at the minimizing environmental impact of food production and producing functional food ingredients. Agri-food processing waste has long been considered a valuable biomass with a significant polyphenol load and profile. Polyphenols, aside from being powerful antioxidants that confer inherent stability to a variety of foods, may possess versatile bioactivities including anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive properties. The valorization of agri-food waste as a prominent source of polyphenols stems from the enormous amount of food-related material discharged worldwide and the emerging eco-friendly technologies that allow high recovery, recycling, and sustainable use of these materials. This book addresses the concept of recovering natural polyphenolic antioxidants from waste biomass generated by agri-food and related industrial processes and presents state-of-the-art applications with prospect in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; polyphenols ; n/a ; valorization ; ultrasound assisted extraction ; microwave assisted extraction ; Box–Behnken design ; HPLC-DAD-q-TOF-MS ; Dioscorea batatas ; green oleo-extraction ; grape marc ; quantitative analysis ; natural antioxidants and flavors ; antioxidant ; infrared-assisted extraction ; anti-ageing ; anthocyanins ; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Chinese yam ; functional food ; extraction ; olive mill wastewater ; adsorbents ; relative solubility simulation ; HPLC-fluorometric detector (FLD)–MS ; saffron ; antioxidants ; food-grade solvents ; Mango ; zero-waste biorefinery ; response surface methodology ; ophthalmic hydrogel ; olive leaves ; sonotrode ultrasonic-assisted extraction ; vegetable oils and derivatives ; anti-inflammatory ; skin whitening ; phenolics ; Brewers’ spent grains ; proanthocyanidins ; brewer’s spent grain ; anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity ; antimicrobial activity ; by-products ; antiplatelet activity ; phenanthrenes ; wine lees ; bioactive compounds ; deep eutectic solvents ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by molds. Although the primary role of these toxins is thought to be related to the colonisation of the environment by the fungi—mycotoxins are able to kill other micro-organisms (antimicrobial effect) and/or plant cells (mycotoxin-producing fungi being necrophagic)—the exposure of animals and humans to mycotoxins through the consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated food and feeds leads to diseases and death. Among the different mycotoxins described (more than 350 mycotoxins have been identified), deoxynivalenol (DON or vomitoxin) produced by Fusarium species has attracted the most attention due to its prevalence and toxicity. DON is part of a family of mycotoxins called trichothecenes that are small sesquiterpenoids with an epoxide group at positions 12–13 allowing their binding to ribosomes causing the so-called ribosome stress response, characterized by the activation of various protein kinases that lead to alterations in gene expression and cellular toxicity in animals, humans and plants. Here, we compiled very recent findings regarding DON and its derivatives: i) their prevalence in human food; ii) the estimation of the exposure of humans to them using biological markers; iii) their roles during plant–fungi interaction; iv) the alteration caused by them in animals and humans, particularly at low doses that are close to those observed in farm animals and human consumers; v) possible strategies to decrease their presence in food and feeds. Overall, this book will give the reader a clear and global view on this important mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species which is responsible for huge economic loss and health issues.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; cell entry ; deoxynivalenol ; DON derivative ; cell effect ; trichothecene ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: With changes in technology and a renewed effort to catalog the world's biodiversity, huge amounts of data are being generated on biodiversity issues. As response to the call for better information systems to manage the biodiversity crisis, a wide range of solutions are being developed for inventorying, managing, and disseminating taxonomic data. This book brings together a diverse array of authors, expertise, and assessors that discuss technical developments to improve the construction, population, and dissemination of biodiversity information. It is designed to inform students and researchers of biodiversity about the changes and challenges that need to be understood by everyone in this information age.
    Keywords: Natural History ; Data Preparation and Mining ; ENVIRO ; BIOSCIENCE ; SCI-TECH ; COMPUTERSCIENCE ; ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCE ; LIFESCIENCE ; INFORMATIONSCIENCE ; STM ; artificial ; bgcolor ; devonian ; facility ; global ; informatics ; information ; lower ; network ; neural ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNF Data mining ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Urological Cancer 2020 collection contains a set of multidisciplinary contributions to the extraordinary heterogeneity of tumor mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and therapies of the renal, urinary tract, and prostate cancers, with the intention of offering to interested readers a representative snapshot of the status of urological research.
    Keywords: renal cell carcinoma ; iron ; macrophages ; chelation therapy ; urothelial carcinoma ; transcriptome ; microtubule ; MAP1B ; prognosis ; KLF5 ; androgen receptor ; cell proliferation ; tumorigenesis ; prostate cancer ; precision medicine ; whole genome sequencing ; optical mapping ; therapy ; prostate carcinoma ; prostate mpMRI ; machine learning ; artificial intelligence ; deep learning ; neural network ; angiogenesis ; angiogenic growth factors ; antiangiogenic therapy ; renal tumors ; prevention ; α1-adrenoceptor antagonists ; anoikis ; vascularity ; research model ; oncogenes ; tumor suppressor genes ; MR-guided ; radiotherapy ; MRgRT ; stereotactic ablative radiotherapy ; stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) ; renal cell cancer ; RCC ; online adaptive ; [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT ; dual-time point imaging ; delayed imaging ; biphasic imaging ; lesion positivity rate ; CXCL9 ; PD1 ; PD-L1 ; stage T1 NMIBC ; prostatic neoplasms/mortality ; prostatic neoplasms/epidemiology ; SEER Program ; bladder cancer ; transurethral resection ; en-bloc resection ; CPT1A ; fatty acids ; serine ; androgen response ; ROS ; oxidative stress ; DONSON ; Downstream Neighbor of SON ; biomarker ; metastatic spread ; diagnosis ; differential diagnosis ; histopathology ; immunohistochemistry ; stroma signature ; patient-derived xenografts ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Concerns have been raised with respect to the state of high-altitude and high-latitude treelines, as they are anticipated to undergo considerable modifications due to global changes, and especially due to climate warming. As high-elevation treelines are temperature-limited vegetation boundaries, they are considered to be sensitive to climate warming. As a consequence, in this future, warmer environment, an upward migration of treelines is expected because low air and root-zone temperatures constrain their regeneration and growth. Despite the ubiquity of climate warming, treeline advancement is not a worldwide phenomenon: some treelines have been advancing rapidly, others have responded sluggishly or have remained stable. This variation in responses is attributed to the potential interaction of a continuum of site-related factors that may lead to the occurrence of locally conditioned temperature patterns. Competition amongst species and below-ground resources have been suggested as additional factors explaining the variability in the movement of treelines. This Special Issue (book) is dedicated to the discussion of treeline responses to changing environmental conditions in different areas around the globe.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; tree seedling recruitment ; shrubline ; light quality ; higher altitude ; precipitation ; experimental rain exclusion ; Pinus cembra ; Changbai Mountain ; treeline dynamics ; fungal ecology ; thermal continentality ; tree regeneration ; elevational transect ; monitoring ; conifer shrub ; plant water availability ; permafrost ; foehn winds ; treeline ; Holocene ; nitrogen cycling ; carotenoids ; timberline ; 15N natural abundance ; spectrometer ; basal area increment ; palynology ; xylem embolism ; diversity ; elevational treeline ; European Alps ; temperature ; tree line ; winter stress ; photosynthetic pigments ; Pinus sibirica ; westerly winds ; relative air humidity ; ecosystem manipulation ; Larix decidua ; microsite ; polar treeline ; Central Austrian Alps ; Switzerland ; multi-stemmed growth form ; conifers ; forest edge ; history of treeline research ; soil drought ; dendroclimatology ; knowledge engineering ; Rocky Mountains ; apical control ; cloud ; postglacial ; alpine timberline ; space-for-time substitution ; climate change ; expert elicitation ; shoot elongation ; pit aspiration ; climate warming ; climate zone ; alpine treeline ; refilling ; Abies sibirica ; growth trend ; western Montana ; light quantity ; Picea abies ; Mediterranean climate ; forest climatology ; altitude ; environmental stress ; sub-Antarctic ; Erman’s birch ; photoinhibition ; tocopherol ; elevational gradients ; NDVI ; long-term trends ; sap flow ; peat ; tree seedlings ; Southern Ocean ; chlorophyll ; non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) ; drought ; upward advance ; remote sensing data ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Forests cover 30% of the Earth’s land area, or nearly four billion hectares. Enhancing the benefits and ecosystem services of forests has been increasingly recognized as an essential part of nature-based solutions for solving many emerging global environmental problems today. A core science supporting forest management is understanding the interactions of forests, water, and people. These interactions have become increasingly complex under climate change and its associated impacts, such as the increases in the intensity and frequency of drought and floods, increasing population and deforestation, and a rise in global demands for multiple ecosystem services including clean water supply and carbon sequestration. Forest watershed managers have recognized that water management is an essential component of forest management. Global environmental change is posing more challenges for managing forests and water toward sustainable development. New science on forest and water is critically needed across the globe. The International Forests and Water Conference 2018, Valdivia, Chile (http://forestsandwater2018.cl/), a joint effort of the 5th IUFRO International Conference on Forests and Water in a Changing Environment and the Second Latin American Conference on Forests and Water provided a unique forum to examine forest and water issues in Latin America under a global context. This book represents a collection of some of the peer-reviewed papers presented at the conference that were published in a Special Issue of Forests.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; SD1-669.5 ; social capital ; Cambodia ; forest and water policy ; land use and land cover change ; shrubland ; “Forests to Faucets” ; precipitation gradient ; forest ecosystem management ; afforestation ; connectivity ; land use change ; forest operations ; Chile ; catchment management ; forest plantation ; climate change ; compound wildfire-water risk ; native forest ; hydrology ; wetland ; streamside native buffer ; sustainability ; participatory monitoring ; hydrological modeling ; timber harvesting ; water quality ; native forests ; source water protection ; global change ; forest hydrology ; community drinking-water ; SDGs ; drinking-water security ; Oregon ; forest ; aquatic-riparian ecosystems ; NDC ; heat: moisture index ; watershed management ; load ; Rhyacotriton ; ecohydrology ; nutrient concentrations ; multi-criteria analysis ; Loess Plateau ; dissolved organic matter ; US Pacific Northwest ; soil moisture ; agricultural lands ; water management ; water provision ; water supply ; forests ; post-fire hydrology ; grassland ; forest plantations ; restoration strategy ; riparian buffer zones ; Mekong ; riparian vegetation ; density management harvest ; SWAT model ; forest watersheds ; water governance ; Nenjiang River ; forestry ; ecosystem services ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: Stem Cell ; characteristics ; function ; Embryonic Stem Cells (ESC) ; Mesenchymal/Stromal Stem Cells (MSC) ; Stem cell aging ; Cancer stem cells ; Stem cell-based cell therapy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: microenvironment ; extracellular matrix ; disease ; cancer ; aging ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a powerful formulation technology to improve oral absorption of poorly soluble drugs. Despite their being in existence for more than half a century, controlling ASD performance is still regarded as difficult because of ASD’s natural non-equilibrium. However, recent significant advances in ASD knowledge and technology may enable a much broader use of ASD technology. This Special Issue, which includes 3 reviews and 6 original articles, focuses on recent progresses in ASD technology in hopes of helping to accelerate developmental studies in the pharmaceutical industry. In striving for a deep understanding of ASD non-equilibrium behavior, the Special issue also delves into and makes progress in the theory of soft-matter dynamics.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; thermodynamic modeling ; molecular dynamics simulation ; poorly soluble drugs ; amorphous solid dispersions ; dissolution enhancement ; crystallization tendency ; continuous processing ; stability ; milling ; granulation ; thermal analysis ; amorphous ; ball milling ; pharmaceutical glass ; dissolution ; rebamipide ; poloxamer ; classification ; polyelectrolytes ; amorphisation ; self-assembly ; dissolution rate ; miscibility ; bioavailability ; solubility ; evaporation ; mesoporous ; polyelectrolyte excipient matrix ; polymer ; bicaludamide ; phase diagram ; Weibull dissolution model ; spectroscopic techniques ; anticancer drugs ; manufacturing methods ; nucleation ; molecular complex ; nanoaggregates ; enrofloxacin ; accelerated stability test ; solubility enhancement ; amorphous solid dispersion ; tadalafil ; process development ; amorphous polymeric salt ; Wood’s apparatus ; hot melt extrusion ; solid dispersions ; intrinsic dissolution rate ; solid dispersion ; interaction ; crystallization ; spray drying ; characterization ; ciprofloxacin ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Rivers have been intensively degraded due to increasing anthropogenic impacts from a growing population in a continuously developing world. Accordingly, most rivers suffer from pressures as a result of increasing dam and weir construction, habitat degradation, flow regulation, water pollution/abstraction, and the spread of invasive species. Science-based knowledge regarding solutions to counteract the effects of river degradation, and melding principles of aquatic ecology and engineering hydraulics, is thus urgently needed to guide present and future river restoration actions. This Special Issue gathers a coherent set of studies from different geographic contexts, on fundamental and applied research regarding the integration of ecohydraulics in river restoration, ranging from field studies to laboratory experiments that can be applied to real-world challenges. It contains 13 original papers covering ecohydraulic issues such as river restoration technologies, sustainable hydropower, fish passage designs and operational criteria, and habitat modeling. All papers were reviewed by international experts in ecology, hydraulics, aquatic biology, engineering, geomorphology, and hydrology. The papers herein well represent the wide applicability of ecohydraulics in river restoration and serve as a basis to improve current knowledge and management and to reduce arguments between different interests and opinions.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; Fish passage and migration ; Prioritization of river connectivity for sustainable fisheries ; Sustainable hydropower ; Spawning grounds ; Invasive species management ; Environmental flows ; Habitat modeling ; Dam/weir retrofitting and removal ; Riparian and aquatic vegetation dynamics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book describes current knowledge about the mechanisms by which cells segregate their already duplicated chromosomes in preparation for cell division. Experts in the field treat several important aspects of this subject: (1) the history of research on mitotic mechanisms, to serve as a background; (2) assembly of the mitotic spindle; (3) Kinetochore assembly and function; (4) the mechanisms of chromosome congression to the metaphase plate; (5) the spindle assembly checkpoint; (6) mechanisms to avoid and correct erroneous chromosome attachments to the spindle; (7) a molecular perspective on spindle assembly in land plants; (8) chromosome segregation in anaphase A; (9) spindle elongation in anaphase B; and (10) the consequences of errors in chromosome segregation. Each chapter provides the reader with a comprehensive and accurate picture of current research in a form that is both readable and authoritative. The volume is suitable for scholars in this and related fields and for teaching at an advanced level.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; genome stability ; Trisomies ; microtubule dynamics ; Checkpoints ; Inheritance ; Cell division ; centrosome ; Down Syndrome ; Cell motility ; Cell regulation ; chromosome segregation ; Microtubules ; Cell cycle ; kinetochore ; Cytoskeleton ; Cell reproduction ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 28
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Dear Colleagues, When Hayflick and Moorhead coined the term “cellular senescence” (CS) almost 60 years ago, this phenomenon was understood as a mechanism, usually induced by activation of the DNA-repair machinery, to prevent uncontrolled proliferation. Meanwhile, additional beneficial roles for CS have been identified, such as embryonic development and wound healing. The senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) activated in most senescent cells (SC) signals to the immune system “come here and remove me”. In organisms with young and functional immune systems, occurring SC are usually detected and removed. If SC remain in the tissue expressing the SASP, this will cause not just a damaging local inflammation but can also induce remodeling and regeneration of the surrounding tissue as well as spreading of senescence. Old organisms show reduced regenerative potential and immune function which leads to accumulation of SC. Accordingly, accumulation of SC was observed in tissues of aged individuals, but importantly also in the context of age-related disorders, neurodegenerative, or cardiovascular diseases and others. Because of its detrimental effect of the surrounding tissue, accumulation of SC is not just a consequence, but can rather been understood as a major driver of aging. In line with this, recent studies described that removal of SC showed beneficial effects on healthspan and lifespan. This exciting research led to the discovery of “senolytics”, drugs which can kill SC. Given the heterogeneity of cell types that show senescence-like phenotypes, including heart muscle and post-mitotic neuronal cells, further research is required to unravel the molecular background that renders a cell type vulnerable to senesce. Additionally, it will be important to understand how senescence is cell type-specifically induced and which molecules serve as drug targets to prevent senescence and its spreading, or actively kill SC. This special issue will shed light on the molecular pathways of CS and inflammaging and on possible strategies to interfere with these processes. Dr. Markus Riessland Guest Editor
    Keywords: γH2AX ; Alzheimer’s disease ; DNA damage ; mild cognitive impairment ; senescence ; secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine ; regeneration ; homeostasis ; cellular senescence ; biology of aging ; neurodegeneration ; brain ; geroscience ; senolytics ; tauopathy ; cancer ; stress response ; post-mitotic ; neuronal senescence ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) ; cell-cycle ; melanoma ; pancreatic adenocarcinoma ; tumor infiltration ; chemotherapy resistance ; prostate ; inflammation ; AIM2 inflammasome ; POP3 ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Ranaviruses and other viruses within the family Iridoviridae, infect a wide range of ecologically and commercially important ectothermic vertebrates, i.e., bony fish, amphibians, and reptiles, and invertebrates, including agricultural and medical pests and cultured shrimp and crayfish, and are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. Understanding the impact of these various agents on diverse host species requires the combined efforts of ecologists, veterinarians, pathologists, comparative immunologists and molecular virologists. Unfortunately, investigators involved in these studies often work in discipline-specific silos that preclude interaction with others whose insights and approaches are required to comprehensively address problems related to ranavirus/iridovirus disease. Our intent here is to breakdown these silos and provide a forum where diverse researchers with a common interest in ranavirus/iridovirus biology can profitably interact. As a colleague once quipped, “Three people make a genius.” We are hoping to do something along those lines by presenting a collection of research articles dealing with issues of anti-viral immunity, identification of a potentially novel viral genus exemplified by erythrocytic necrosis virus, viral inhibition of innate immunity, identification of novel hosts for lymphocystivirus and invertebrate iridoviruses, and modelling studies of ranavirus transmission. Collectively these and others will exemplify the breadth of ongoing studies focused on this virus family.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; risk assessment ; n/a ; CQIV ; mathematical models ; amphibian ; iridovirus ; ISDL ; Exopalaemon carinicauda ; viral load ; virus isolation ; European chub ; outbreak ; Unconventional T cell ; early detection ; susceptible species ; viral immune evasion ; DNA virus ; Rana grylio virus ; antibody ; intracellular localization ; Rana grylio virus (RGV) ; British Columbia ; Iridoviridae ; Andrias davidianus ranavirus ; viral infection ; susceptible-infected (SI) models ; yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) ; prevalence ; host-pathogen interactions ; Pacific herring ; Procambarus clarkii ; Bayesian inference ; eDNA ; amphibians ; Artemia spp. ; ranavirosis ; cross-species transmission ; FV3 ; SHIV ; Gryllus bimaculatus ; Pacific salmon ; NF-?B ; cricket ; IIV-6 ; virus binding ; erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV) ; envelope protein ; iridovirus core proteins ; emerging infection ; host ; Ranavirus ; white head ; Rana temporaria ; Imd ; biosecurity ; antiviral immunity ; Decapodiridovirus ; endemic disease ; Macrobrachium rosenbergii ; co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) ; Common frog ; aquatic animals ; virus surveillance ; immunomodulators ; frog virus 3 ; ELISA ; DIV1 ; megalocytivirus ; Lymphocystis disease virus ; bearded dragon ; susceptibility ; protein interaction ; Pogona vitticeps ; viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) ; histopathology ; epidemiology ; native-fish conservation ; viral transmission ; Sparus aurata ; immunohistochemistry ; lizard ; disease dynamics ; immunofluorescence ; transmission modelling ; Macrobrachium nipponense ; interferon ; nonclassical MHC ; heparan sulfate ; ranavirus ; Mexico ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Drought, a serious global issue, is being aggravated by climate change. Both pedological and agronomic droughts are a major risk factor with adverse effects on agronomic productivity, food and nutritional security, and human wellbeing.
    Keywords: Biology; life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: In the past 20 years, karst desertification control has produced remarkable results, and the South China karst has been a global hotspot for greening. However, in the new stage of karst desertification control, the functional lag of forest ecosystems and the insufficient supply capacity of ecosystem services are gradually becoming prominent. We not only lack systematic research on vulnerability and resilience, structure and stability, ecological assets and services, carrying capacity and ecological security, and service trade-offs/synergies and optimization in controlled ecosystems. There is still a lack of research on the ecological processes of newly constructed forests in improving ecosystem functions and services. Therefore, this reprint mainly focuses on the research improvement of forest ecosystem functions in karst desertification control. This includes the improvement mechanism of ecosystem structure, function, and services, the mechanism of ecosystem service tradeoff/synergy, and function optimization. An optimization model of ecosystem function and an improvement path for eco-product supply are introduced. The role of functional traits in the maintenance of ecological function and services is also established, and social–ecological responses to afforestation in karst desertification control are discussed.
    Keywords: structural trait ; element trait ; physiological trait ; leaf ; root ; karst ; ecosystem service supply ; value accounting ; eco-industry ; karst desertification environment ; farmland hydrological cycle ; agroforestry ; agronomic measures to water saving ; planting combinations ; investment strategy ; plant adaptability ; soil ; response ; biodiversity ; ecosystem services ; forests ; karst desertification ; plant functional traits ; structure ; landscape security pattern ; sensitivity ; landscape connectivity ; Guanling County ; Guizhou ; ecological products ; value realization ; ecological industry ; resilient landscape ; rural planning ; resilience assessment ; karst rocky desertification control areas ; karst forest ; vegetation water use strategy ; hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes ; hydrologic niche separation ; principal component analysis ; redundancy analysis ; karst rocky desertification area ; species diversity ; evaluation indicator systems ; fuzzy integrated evaluation ; karst spring ; dissolved organic carbon/nitrogen ; rocky desertification ; terrestrial ecosystem ; soil aggregate stability ; soil nutrients ; vegetation restoration ; karst rocky desertification ; forest ; karst desertification control ; loquat ; intercropping peanut ; N2O emission ; Abies fanjingshanensis ; microbial carbon use efficiency ; physicochemical indices ; bacteria ; fungus ; structural optimization ; water and fertilizer regulation ; functional improvement ; forests ecosystem ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The name DGGTB (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie; German Society for the History and Philosophy of Biology) reflects recent history as well as German tradition. The Society is a relatively late addition to a series of German societies of science and medicine that began with the “Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften”, founded in 1910 by Leipzig University’s Karl Sudhoff (1853-1938), who wrote: “We want to establish a ‘German’ society in order to gather German-speaking historians together in our special disciplines so that they form the core of an international society…”. Yet Sudhoff, at this time of burgeoning academic internationalism, was “quite willing” to accommodate the wishes of a number of founding members and “drop the word German in the title of the Society and have it merge with an international society”. The founding and naming of the Society at that time derived from a specifi c set of historical circumstances, and the same was true some 80 years later when in 1991, in the wake of German reunification, the “Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie” was founded. From the start, the Society has been committed to bringing studies in the history and philosophy of biology to a wide audience, using for this purpose its Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie. Parallel to the Jahrbuch, the Verhandlungen zur Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie has become the by now traditional medium for the publication of papers delivered at the Society’s annual meetings. In 2005 the Jahrbuch was renamed Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology, refl ecting the Society’s internationalist aspirations in addressing comparative biology as a subject of historical and philosophical studies.
    Description: The name DGGTB (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie; German Society for the History and Philosophy of Biology) reflects recent history as well as German tradition. The Society is a relatively late addition to a series of German societies of science and medicine that began with the “Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften”, founded in 1910 by Leipzig University’s Karl Sudhoff (1853-1938), who wrote: “We want to establish a ‘German’ society in order to gather German-speaking historians together in our special disciplines so that they form the core of an international society…”. Yet Sudhoff, at this time of burgeoning academic internationalism, was “quite willing” to accommodate the wishes of a number of founding members and “drop the word German in the title of the Society and have it merge with an international society”. The founding and naming of the Society at that time derived from a specifi c set of historical circumstances, and the same was true some 80 years later when in 1991, in the wake of German reunification, the “Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie” was founded. From the start, the Society has been committed to bringing studies in the history and philosophy of biology to a wide audience, using for this purpose its Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie. Parallel to the Jahrbuch, the Verhandlungen zur Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie has become the by now traditional medium for the publication of papers delivered at the Society’s annual meetings. In 2005 the Jahrbuch was renamed Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology, refl ecting the Society’s internationalist aspirations in addressing comparative biology as a subject of historical and philosophical studies.
    Keywords: epigenetics ; Lamarck ; animal illustration ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English , German
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: It is currently apparent that extracellular ATP's physiological effect is mediated by its interaction with specific purinergic receptors. All purinergic receptors are divided into P1-purinoreceptors and P2-purinoreceptors. Each of the subtypes is divided into a number of families. For instance, P2 receptors are divided into P2X and P2Y receptors according to the mechanism by which their effect is realized: P2Y are G-protein-coupled receptors, while P2X receptors are ligand-operated ion channels. P2X receptors are important molecular therapeutic targets, the malfunctioning of which leads to severe complications in the physiology of humans and animals and causes dangerous diseases. The search for compounds that can modulate the function of purinergic receptors can lead to the creation of new drugs that are effective in central and peripheral nervous system and immune system disease treatment, including neuroinflammation, hypoxia/ischemia, epilepsy and neuropathic pain. In this Special Issue, we wish to offer a platform for high-quality publications on the latest advances in the identification of P2X/Y- and P1-receptor blockers, functions and regulation by them; the characterization of these receptor signaling networks and crosstalk; mechanisms underlying the role of purinoceptors in neurodegenerative illnesses as well as chronic neuronal changes following acute noxious damage and therapeutic opportunities associated with regulation of purinergic receptor activity.
    Keywords: adenosine receptors ; adipogenesis ; osteogenesis ; adipose tissue ; bone marrow ; obesity ; neonatal seizures ; development ; ATP ; purinergic signalling ; P2X7 receptor ; endometriosis ; adenosine ; P2Y ; P2X ; ectonucleotidases ; pain ; inflammation ; endometrium ; CD73 ; CD39 ; P2Y2 receptor ; P2X4 receptor ; canine ; dog ; DH82 ; macrophage ; neuroinflammation ; antinociception ; cerebral ischemia ; oxygen-glucose deprivation ; A2B receptors ; oligodendrocyte differentiation ; demyelination ; retina ; purinergic modulation ; glycinergic neurotransmission ; microglia ; neurodegeneration ; glycine transporters ; guanosine ; stroke ; neuroprotection ; purinergic signaling ; purinergic receptors ; autoimmune disease ; astroglia ; G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) ; neurite outgrowth ; montelukast ; NG2 ; ex vivo organotypic brain slice co-culture ; neurodegeneration and neuroregeneration ; n/a ; macrophages ; P2X7R ; pore formation ; inflammasome activation ; inflammatory diseases ; gallic acid ; visceral pain ; depression ; hippocampus ; spinal cord ; dorsal root ganglion ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: With transitions to more sustainable ways of living already underway, this book examines how we understand the underlying dynamics of the transitions that are unfolding. Without this understanding, we enter the future in a state of informed bewilderment. Every day we are bombarded by reports about ecosystem breakdown, social conflict, economic stagnation and a crisis of identity. There is mounting evidence that deeper transitions are underway that suggest we may be entering another period of great transformation equal in significance to the agricultural revolution some 13,000 years ago or the Industrial Revolution 250 years ago. This book helps readers make sense of our global crisis and the dynamics of transition that could result in a shift from the industrial epoch that we live in now to a more sustainable and equitable age. The global renewable energy transition that is already underway holds the key to the wider just transition. However, the evolutionary potential of the present also manifests in the mushrooming of ecocultures, new urban visions, sustainability-oriented developmental states and new ways of learning and researching. Shedding light on the highly complex challenge of a sustainable and just transition, this book is essential reading for anyone concerned with establishing a more sustainable and equitable world. Ultimately, this is a book about hope but without easy answers.
    Keywords: Africa ; Development ; Ecocultural ; Energy Transitions ; Equitable Society ; Futuring ; Incrementalism ; International Resource Panel ; Metatheoretical Framework ; SDGs ; Sustainable Development ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Sustainable Transitions ; Urban Transitions ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RND Environmental policy and protocols ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution and threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change
    Language: English
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    Open Book Publishers
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This edited volume explores new engagements with the life sciences in contemporary fiction, poetry, comics and performance. The gathered case studies investigate how recent creative work reframes the human within microscopic or macroscopic scales, from cellular biology to systems ecology, and engages with the ethical, philosophical, and political issues raised by the twenty-first century’s shifting views of life. The collection thus examines literature and performance as spaces that shape our contemporary biological imagination. Comprised of thirteen chapters by an international group of academics, Life, Re-Scaled: The Biological Imagination in Twenty-First-Century Literature and Performance engages with four main areas of biological study: ‘Invisible scales: cells, microbes and mycelium’, ‘Neuro-medical imaging and diagnosis’, ‘Pandemic imaginaries’, and ‘Ecological scales’. The authors examine these concepts in emerging forms such as plant theatre, climate change art, ecofiction and pandemic fiction, including the work of Jeff Vandermeer, Jon McGregor, Jeff Lemire, and Extinction Rebellion’s Red Rebel Brigade performances. This valuable resource moves beyond the biological paradigms that were central to the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, to outline the specificity of a contemporary imagination. Life, Re-Scaled is crucial reading for academics, scholars, and authors alike, as it proposes an unprecedented overview of the relationship between literature, performance and the life sciences in the twenty-first century.
    Keywords: biological imagination;comics;ethics;fiction;life sciences;performance;philosophy;poetry;politics ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AF The Arts: art forms::AFK Non-graphic and electronic art forms::AFKP Performance art ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSK Literary studies: fiction, novelists and prose writers ; thema EDItEUR::F Fiction and Related items::FB Fiction: general and literary::FBA Modern and contemporary fiction: general and literary ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNT Social impact of environmental issues
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Afforestation/reforestation (or forestation) has been implemented worldwide as an effective measure towards sustainable ecosystem services and addresses global environmental problems such as climate change. The conversion of grasslands, croplands, shrublands, or bare lands to forests can dramatically alter forest water, energy, and carbon cycles and, thus, ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration, soil erosion control, and water quality improvement). Large-scale afforestation/reforestation is typically driven by policies and, in turn, can also have substantial socioeconomic impacts. To enable success, forestation endeavors require novel approaches that involve a series of complex processes and interdisciplinary sciences. For example, exotic or fast-growing tree species are often used to improve soil conditions of degraded lands or maximize productivity, and it often takes a long time to understand and quantify the consequences of such practices at watershed or regional scales. Maintaining the sustainability of man-made forests is becoming increasingly challenging under a changing environment and disturbance regime changes such as wildland fires, urbanization, drought, air pollution, climate change, and socioeconomic change. Therefore, this Special Issue focuses on case studies of the drivers, dynamics, and impacts of afforestation/reforestation at regional, national, or global scales. These new studies provide an update on the scientific advances related to forestation. This information is urgently needed by land managers and policy makers to better manage forest resources in today’s rapidly changing environments.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; SD1-669.5 ; simulation modeling ; shear strength ; stand structure ; vegetation restoration ; surface runoff ; soil and water conservation function ; soil enzymes ; riverbank ; evapotranspiration ; human activity ; afforestation ; Artemisia ordosica ; forest cover ; precipitation variation ; soil bioengineering ; base flow ; Poyang Lake Basin ; in situ calibration ; quantification ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; photoprotection ; remote sensing ; root distribution ; ecosystem model ; CASA ; afforestation ecosystem ; phenophase ; vegetation cover change ; soil characteristics ; Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. mixed plantations ; composted pine bark ; water-energy balance ; sediment load ; soil respiration ; energy partitioning ; soil microbial biomass ; transpiration ; net primary productivity ; spatio-temporal scales ; seedling quality ; peat moss ; fresh pine sawdust ; understory plants ; ring-porous trees ; different climatic conditions ; dye tests ; structural equation model ; Loess Plateau ; evapotranspiration (ET) ; Pinus engelmannii Carr. ; empirical statistics ; heat dissipation probes ; MODIS ; slope change ratio of cumulative quantities (SCRCQ) ; soil water balance ; LAI ; climate fluctuation ; BTOPMC model ; living brush mattress ; vegetation greening ; streamflow ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The name DGGTB (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie; German Society for the History and Philosophy of Biology) reflects recent history as well as German tradition. The Society is a relatively late addition to a series of German societies of science and medicine that began with the “Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften”, founded in 1910 by Leipzig University’s Karl Sudhoff (1853-1938), who wrote: “We want to establish a ‘German’ society in order to gather German-speaking historians together in our special disciplines so that they form the core of an international society…”. Yet Sudhoff, at this time of burgeoning academic internationalism, was “quite willing” to accommodate the wishes of a number of founding members and “drop the word German in the title of the Society and have it merge with an international society”. The founding and naming of the Society at that time derived from a specifi c set of historical circumstances, and the same was true some 80 years later when in 1991, in the wake of German reunification, the “Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie” was founded. From the start, the Society has been committed to bringing studies in the history and philosophy of biology to a wide audience, using for this purpose its Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie. Parallel to the Jahrbuch, the Verhandlungen zur Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie has become the by now traditional medium for the publication of papers delivered at the Society’s annual meetings. In 2005 the Jahrbuch was renamed Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology, reflecting the Society’s internationalist aspirations in addressing comparative biology as a subject of historical and philosophical studies.
    Description: The name DGGTB (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie; German Society for the History and Philosophy of Biology) reflects recent history as well as German tradition. The Society is a relatively late addition to a series of German societies of science and medicine that began with the “Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften”, founded in 1910 by Leipzig University’s Karl Sudhoff (1853-1938), who wrote: “We want to establish a ‘German’ society in order to gather German-speaking historians together in our special disciplines so that they form the core of an international society…”. Yet Sudhoff, at this time of burgeoning academic internationalism, was “quite willing” to accommodate the wishes of a number of founding members and “drop the word German in the title of the Society and have it merge with an international society”. The founding and naming of the Society at that time derived from a specifi c set of historical circumstances, and the same was true some 80 years later when in 1991, in the wake of German reunification, the “Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie” was founded. From the start, the Society has been committed to bringing studies in the history and philosophy of biology to a wide audience, using for this purpose its Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie. Parallel to the Jahrbuch, the Verhandlungen zur Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie has become the by now traditional medium for the publication of papers delivered at the Society’s annual meetings. In 2005 the Jahrbuch was renamed Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology, reflecting the Society’s internationalist aspirations in addressing comparative biology as a subject of historical and philosophical studies.
    Keywords: Blumenbach ; Manasan ; Iconography ; Ernst Haeckel ; Eugenics ; craniology ; Otto Renner ; Alfred Ernst ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English , German
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue, entitled “Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods: Bridging Health and Food Under a New Perspective”, aims to approach the current state-of-the-art research on nutraceuticals and functional foods. The main issue in this field of research is the sustainability and recovery of bioactive substances from vegetal- or animal-origin byproducts to project and realize novel food supplements and nutraceuticals. Low environmental impact, safety, new food sources and analytical methodologies are of growing interest in the research area of food. The perspective approach addresses the mechanism of action of nutraceuticals, safety and functional foods and nutraceuticals’ mechanisms of action, revealing new possibilities for their use as tools in a complementary proactive approach to certain health issues to prevent the onset of health conditions or to be used in subjects who do not qualify for a conventional therapeutical approach. The areas involved in this perspective range from food chemistry and analysis to nutrition and from safety to sustainability; new therapeutical approaches and novel techniques of analysis and formulation are also involved, which require a wide inter- and multi-disciplinary approach. The overall assessment of these aspects creates new challenges for research and also impacts sustainability, health and safety. This Special Issue may also consider the bridging of health and food in their different declinations from a new perspective.
    Keywords: Food and by-products ; Functional foods and novel sources ; Health and beneficial properties ; Nutraceuticals and novel sources ; Prevention ; Clinical data ; In vitro and in vivo data ; Nanonutraceuticals and nanodelivery ; Clinical experience ; Formulation and novel sources ; Mechanism of action ; Analytical aspects ; Safety ; Interactions with active molecules. ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a highly polymorphic and diverse multigene locus in all jawed vertebrate species that has an integral role in adaptive/innate immune systems, transplantation, and infectious and autoimmune diseases. The MHC supra-locus in mammalian vertebrates is usually partitioned into three distinct regions, known as classes I, II, and III, which, to varying extents, can be found conserved in nonmammalian jawed vertebrates, such as bony fish, amphibians, and bird lineages. The MHC gene region is characterized particularly by the expression of class I and class II glycoproteins that bind peptides derived from intracellular or extracellular antigens to circulating T-cells. While this expressed antigenic specificity remains the predominant interest with respect to MHC function and polymorphism in a population, a broader concept has emerged that examines the MHC as a multifunctional polymorphic controller that facilitates and regulates genome diversity with a much greater array of functions and effects than just MHC-restricted antigen recognition. This volume of 19 reprints presented by various experts and collected from the Special Issue of Cells on “MHC in Health and Disease” covers a broad range of topics on the genomic diversity of the MHC regulatory system in various vertebrate species, including MHC class I, II, and III genes; innate and adaptive immunity; neurology; transplantation; haplotypes; infectious and autoimmune diseases; fecundity; conservation; allelic lineages; and evolution. Taken together, these articles demonstrate the immense complexity and diversity of the MHC structure and function within and between different vertebrate species.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; HCP5 ; n/a ; camels ; MHC ; STK19 ; major histocompatibility complex ; human papillomavirus (HPV) ; T-cell receptor ; T1DGC ; bottleneck ; micro-mini-pigs ; life history ; computational analysis ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; phase ; Bactrian camel ; NSDK ; melanoma ; antigen ; autoimmune disease ; RD ; selection ; disease resistance ; autoimmunity ; ancestral haplotype ; Ski complex ; DXO ; high-throughput sequencing ; conservation genetics ; SVA ; lncRNA ; ankylosing spondylitis ; MHC genes ; viral peptides ; competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) ; astrogliosis ; birds ; long-fragment super haplotype ; SNP ; RLR ; HLA polymorphism ; 5??3? RNA decay ; expression ; 3??5? mRNA turnover ; orthology ; long-read sequencing ; disease association ; dromedary ; polyomavirus ; MHC-II-associated sperm-egg recognition ; experimental medicine ; single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ; fish ; SKIV2L ; production trait ; molecular dynamics simulation ; Macaca fascicularis ; human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) ; concerted evolution ; polymorphism ; Old World camels ; MHC polymorphism ; protocol ; nonclassical ; gene duplication ; microglial reaction ; human leukocyte antigen-E ; SKI2W ; quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies ; antiviral immunity ; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ; founder effect ; giant panda ; domain movements ; BK virus ; promoter-proximal transcriptional pause ; type 1 diabetes (T1D) ; RP1 ; miR1236 ; KIR ; synaptic covering ; swine leukocyte antigen ; cynomolgus macaque ; HLA ; kidney transplantation ; ?2m knockout mice ; DOM3Z ; interferon ? ; ethnic populations in China ; ecology ; KIR–HLA pairs ; exosomes ; major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ; MHC-I-based mother-fetus recognition ; RNA quality control ; autoimmune diseases ; NELF-E ; haplotype ; genetic drift ; evolution ; nonhuman primate models ; HLA-B27 ; PNS/CNS interface ; risk genes ; pedigree ; MHC-I- and MHC-II-dependent inter-individual recognition ; regulation ; crested ibis ; reproductive performance ; nephropathy ; cancer ; nuclear kinase ; trichohepatoenteric syndrome ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Seaweeds are recognized as highly nutritious, and their use in gastronomy is increasing. Their health benefits and their potential to prevent several diseases have also been established. In this Special Issue several health effects are discussed, with more emphasis on their antitumor activity and potential use to treat Alzheimer’s disease. The key bioactive metabolites, from which phlorotannins can be highlighted, are presented, as well as some important in vivo studies. Altogether, the chapters provide in-depth information about the biological activities of seaweed metabolites, contributing to elucidate the health effects of seaweed.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; biorefinery ; polyphenols ; dynamic simulation ; Fucus distichus subsp. evanescens ; seaweeds ; phytochemicals ; Bifurcaria bifurcata ; Fucus vesiculosus ; kidney ; complex polysaccharides ; identification ; secondary metabolites ; phlorotannin ; cholinesterases ; eckol ; skin aging ; clinical trials ; dieckol ; fucoxanthin ; age-related macular degeneration ; photo-protection ; phytol ; Alzheimer’s disease ; fucosterol ; bone health ; nutraceutical ; papillomavirus ; red seaweed ; extraction ; osteoporosis ; fucoidan ; marine algae ; chemo-preventive agent ; ischemia-reperfusion injury ; hyperpigmentation ; bone metabolism ; bioactives ; macroalgae ; beta-secretase ; laurinterol ; prebiotics ; dietary fibre ; NMR spectroscopy ; health effects ; bromophenols ; beta-amyloid aggregation ; kahalalide F ; Padina pavonica ; carotenoids ; insulin glycation ; skincare ; mushroom tyrosinase ; polyunsaturated fatty acids ; fatty acid ; in vivo studies ; apoptosis ; algae ; biological activities ; Symphyocladia latiuscula ; Fucus serratus ; mass spectrometry ; Laminaria digitata ; high-speed counter-current chromatography ; isolation and purification ; K14HPV16 ; amyloid-? aggregation ; VEGF ; melanin ; Laurencia ; seaweed ; organotypic culture ; Saccharina latissima ; ex vivo ; genotoxicity assay ; gut microbiota ; phlorotannins ; eckmaxol ; high value applications ; Ecklonia maxima ; B16F10 ; neuroprotection ; linear diterpenes ; antitumoral ; Ecklonia cava ; cancer ; breast cancer explants ; osteosarcoma ; oxidative stress ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Nowadays, diet-related non-communicable diseases and their complications are one of the most important public health problems worldwide. Food supplements and functional foods are considered food products which contribute to the achievement of optimal nutritional well-being, health status, and quality of life through reducing the risk of diseases and promoting the appropriate function of human organs and systems. Nowadays, the assessment of these functional foods and the study of their implications in nutrition and health are important challenges in societies of developed countries where consumers increasingly demand foods with added value beyond the provision of nutrients and the satisfaction of appetite. In this reprint, the characterization of the nutritional composition and phytochemicals of functional foods and food supplements as well as the evaluation of their potential health benefits in different disorders and diseases through clinical trials or preliminary studies are addressed.
    Keywords: food supplement ; folic acid ; pregnancy ; food safety ; health claims ; nutrition ; Amazonian fruits ; composition ; metabolic effects ; royal jelly ; acetylcholine ; fatty acid ; ophthalmology ; dry eye ; magnesium ; pharmacy ; food supplements ; drugstore ; functional foods ; healthy eating ; credibility ; extrinsic attributes ; conjoint analysis ; Mediterranean diet ; phytonutrients ; dietary recommendations ; healthy diet ; polyphenols ; flavonoids ; carotenoids ; organosulfur ; caffeine ; antidiabetic activity ; antioxidant activity ; inhibition of α-glucosidase ; inhibition of α-amylase ; inhibition of collagenase ; kombucha ; bacteria ; yeast ; metagenome ; metabolome ; tea polyphenols ; antioxidants ; Glossogyne tenuifolia ; exercise ; forelimb grip strength ; lactate ; ammonia ; creatine kinase ; medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) ; obesity ; energy expenditure ; diet-derived fat ; postprandial resting metabolism ; sedentary ; octanoic acid ; decanoic acid ; creatine ; magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; cost-effectiveness ; brain ; muscle ; healthcare ; anthocyanins ; organosulfur compounds ; tannins ; phenolic acids ; Persea americana ; non-alcoholic liver disease ; liver enzymes ; inflammation ; oxidative stress ; novel foods ; novel ingredients ; extracts ; risk assessment ; dietary supplements ; HPLC ; food authenticity ; neural tube defects ; food ; food analysis ; food ingredients ; infant formula ; kynurenic acid ; (poly)phenol-based supplement ; pharmacokinetics ; urinary excretion ; bioavailability ; inter-individual variability ; non-invasive brain stimulation ; TMS ; a-tDCS ; indicaxanthin ; brain food ; cortical excitability ; homeostatic plasticity ; trans-resveratrol ; regulation ; labels ; nutrition claims ; high-performance thin-layer chromatography ; HPTLC ; glutamine ; intestinal stem cells ; crypt ; proliferation ; burns ; micronutrient ; health claim ; labeling ; European legislation ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This book focuses on advanced research topics on human lactation, such as breastfeeding experiences, milk composition and production, COVID-19 and human milk, food allergens in human milk, the human milk microbiome, and the impacts of human milk on infant growth and development. The symposium proceedings aim to add diversity, passion, and innovation to lactation research and have a positive impact on mothers, infants, and communities worldwide, showcasing integrative mother/infant-centered research.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Carboxylic acids are truly central compounds in cellular metabolism. Carbon dioxide is captured from the atmosphere through formation of carboxylic groups and is also released, in part, by decarboxylation reactions. The reactivity of the carboxylic group with amino- or hydroxyl-groups enables the formation of peptide and ester bonds. The functionality of the carboxylic group is also of huge importance in our industrial world for a wide range of applications. The loosely bound hydrogen provides weak acid functionality, much desired for food industry applications in preservatives and flavour compounds. Citric acid is one of our oldest industrial fermentation products. The presence of two carboxylic groups, or a combination of one carboxylic group and another functional group, make the compounds interesting building blocks for polymer production. A number of carboxylic acids, including, e.g., lactic, succinic, 3-hydroxypropionic and itaconic acids, have been identified and recognized as suitable platform chemicals for a foreseen growing carbohydrate based economy. Economic margins are, however, tight when competing with petroleum based production, and production strains, fermentation technology and—not least—downstream processing, all need to be improved to enable viable commercial production. This Special issue will cover current developments within this exciting field. Topics will include: Fermentation physiology of natural carboxylic acid producers; screening and isolation of novel producers; metabolic engineering for improving intrinsic carboxylic acid production; metabolic engineering for expanding product range to non-endogenous carboxylic acids; production from lignocellulosic derived sugars or by-product streams; downstream processing for recovery of carboxylic acids; bioprocess design—including continuous processes and integration. All production organisms—fungi, yeasts, bacteria—are welcome.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; bioprocess design ; downstream processing ; metabolic engineering ; strain evolution ; fermentation physiology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Beer is a beverage with more than 8000 years of history, and the process of brewing has not changed much over the centuries. However, important technical advances have allowed us to produce beer in a more sophisticated and efficient way. The proliferation of specialty hop varieties has been behind the popularity of craft beers seen in the past few years around the world. Craft brewers interpret historic beer with unique styles. Craft beers are undergoing an unprecedented period of growth, and more than 150 beer styles are currently recognized. This Special Issue, Brewing and Craft Beer, comprises nine different works by researchers from five continents (North America, South America, Europe, Africa, and Oceania). This Special Issue reflects thus a broad perspective on the most important questions that concern the researchers in different parts of the world.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QD415-436 ; Q1-390 ; polyphenols ; n/a ; nutrient ; audible sound ; wet milling ; brewing technology ; robotics ; fast-screening ; lactose ; image analysis ; bottle refermentation ; beer aging ; sensory attributes ; brewing ; automation ; bitterness ; stout beer ; beer ; craft beer ; foamability ; Safrari ; adjuncts ; fermentation rate ; barley milling ; preference ; germ ; beer wort ; machine learning ; carbonation ; quality ; FAN ; granulometry ; sensory evaluation ; coffee ; beer acceptability ; computer vision ; fermentation ; economic contribution analysis ; short-chain fatty acids ; local value chain ; AEDA ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book summarizes the current progress of bee researchers investigating the status of honey bees and possible reasons for their decline, providing a basis for establishing management methods that maintain colony health. Integrating discussion of Colony Collapse Disorder, the chapters provide information on the new microsporidian Nosema ceranae pathogens, the current status of the parasitic bee mites, updates on bee viruses, and the effects these problems are having on our important bee pollinators. The text also presents methods for diagnosing diseases and includes color illustrations and tables.
    Keywords: apis ; bees ; bread ; collapse ; colonies ; destructor ; honeybee ; mellifera ; mite ; varroa ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences::PSVA Zoology: invertebrates::PSVA2 Insects (entomology) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVK Agronomy and crop production
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: We are facing a complicated public health issue in the form of global drug shortages, including antibiotics. Synthetic biology empowers the next generation of antibiotics development, bringing us into a new era.
    Keywords: global regulator ; milbemycins ; Streptomyces bingchenggensis ; SspH ; actinorhodin ; avermectin ; ceftriaxone ; hepatotoxicity ; metal complexes ; oxidative stress ; Streptomyces ; comparative transcriptome ; polyether antibiotics ; salinomycin ; exporter genes ; spectroscopic studies ; antioxidant capacities ; hepatic functions ; cancer cells ; cefotaxime ; Inonotus hispidus ; natural product ; biological activity ; medicinal fungi ; phytochemicals ; antimicrobial agents ; biosynthetic pathway ; secondary metabolites ; 1-benzazepine ; l-kynurenine ; genome mining ; biosynthesis ; iterative methyltransferase ; genetic dereplication ; cyclodipeptide ; OSMAC ; cytotoxicity ; Zymomonas mobilis ; antibiotic resistance ; ampicillin ; genome editing ; CRISPR−Cas12a ; resistance selection markers ; traditional Chinese medicine ; antifungal drug ; immune regulation ; combination of drugs ; fungal infection ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue features recent data concerning thioredoxins and glutaredoxins from various biological systems, including bacteria, mammals, and plants. Four of the sixteen articles are review papers that deal with the regulation of development of the effect of hydrogen peroxide and the interactions between oxidants and reductants, the description of methionine sulfoxide reductases, detoxification enzymes that require thioredoxin or glutaredoxin, and the response of plants to cold stress, respectively. This is followed by eleven research articles that focus on a reductant of thioredoxin in bacteria, a thioredoxin reductase, and a variety of plant and bacterial thioredoxins, including the m, f, o, and h isoforms and their targets. Various parameters are studied, including genetic, structural, and physiological properties of these systems. The redox regulation of monodehydroascorbate reductase, aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, and cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase could have very important consequences in plant metabolism. Also, the properties of the mitochondrial o-type thioredoxins and their unexpected capacity to bind iron–sulfur center (ISC) structures open new developments concerning the redox mitochondrial function and possibly ISC assembly in mitochondria. The final paper discusses interesting biotechnological applications of thioredoxin for breadmaking.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; regeneration ; posttranslational modification ; H2O2 ; chilling stress ; thioredoxin reductase ; X-ray crystallography ; photosynthesis ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; protein ; monodehydroascorbate reductase ; methionine sulfoxide ; cysteine reactivity ; symbiosis ; plant ; MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry ; thioredoxins ; redox homeostasis ; methionine sulfoxide reductases ; redox ; redox signalling ; chloroplast ; protein-protein recognition ; cyanobacteria ; specificity ; wheat ; methanoarchaea ; stress ; redox regulation ; dough rheology ; methionine sulfoxide reductase ; electrostatic surface ; Calvin cycle ; ALAD ; metazoan ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; baking ; cold temperature ; macromolecular crystallography ; protein oxidation ; function ; methionine oxidation ; development ; iron–sulfur cluster ; tetrapyrrole biosynthesis ; legume plant ; glutathionylation ; Calvin-Benson cycle ; adult stem cells ; carbon fixation ; plastidial ; methionine ; redox active site ; ROS ; water stress ; NADPH ; repair ; physiological function ; signaling ; thioredoxin ; antioxidants ; glutathione ; glutaredoxin ; flavin ; Isocitrate dehydrogenase ; thiol redox network ; ageing ; disulfide ; mitochondria ; chlorophyll ; proteomic ; cysteine alkylation ; ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase ; SAXS ; regulation ; oxidized protein repair ; ascorbate ; redox control ; nitrosylation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: A gain-of-function mutation in Janus kinase 2 (JAK2V617F) is at the basis of the majority of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Enhanced activation of other downstream pathways including the PI3K/mTOR pathway has been documented as well. In this study we evaluated the effects of JAK1/2 inhibitors, alone and in combination with mTOR, with a dual mTOR/PI3K inhibitor and with a pan PI3K inhibitor in in-vitro and in-vivo MPN models. Our findings of strong synergy between the JAK2 inhibitors and mTOR/PI3K inhibitor suggested that we might be able to administer these drugs at lower concentrations than when the drugs are used individually. This provides a framework for combination trials using compounds in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MQ Nursing and ancillary services::MQP Pharmacy / dispensing ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Sterols and other isoprenoids are of great interest for their molecular structure and function in cell architecture and evolution, as well as for their importance in medicine and agriculture. Molecules’ 2019 Festschrift Special Issue in honor of the 65th birthday of Prof. W. David Nes, an internationally recognized chemical biologist and recipient of the George Schroepher medal for sterol research, focuses on recent developments in the chemistry, biosynthesis, and function of these polycyclic natural products. This volume of Molecules contains 16 leading-edge review articles and original research contributions from an international cast of scientists. This volume is grouped into three sections: (i) isoprenoid metabolome and diversity, (ii) clinical evaluation of sterol and triterpene structures and biosynthesis, and (iii) methods and synthesis of steroids and other compounds. The volume will be a valuable reference tool for those who study medicinal chemistry, protein chemistry, and biochemistry of isoprenoid lipids.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QD415-436 ; Q1-390 ; high-fat high-carbohydrate diet ; toxicity ; oxysterol ; n/a ; squalene cyclase ; sterol content ; sterolomics ; Polystichum ; Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome ; antifungals ; alkaloid ; cycloartenol synthase ; degeneration ; phytosterol ; Rhizopus arrhizus ; fibroblasts ; pod-blast ; fern ; cholesterol ; cytotoxic activity ; N-methylpiperidine. reductive deamination ; genetic disease ; isoprenoid ; steroid ; atherosclerosis ; granatane ; antioxidant ; wound healing ; development ; enzyme-assisted derivatization ; maturity ; terpene ; keratinocytes ; C4-demethylation complex (C4DMC) ; ?-sitosterol ; mesocarp ; sterol biosynthesis ; mechanism-based inactivators ; Mucorales ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ; Girard reagent ; ROS ; sterol pattern ; N-methylcadaverine ; ?-tocopherol ; electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry ; human African trypanosomiasis ; HUVECs ; lipidomics ; campesterol ; triterpene ; oxyphytosterol ; leishmania ; Chagas disease ; LOX-1 ; sterol C24-methyltransferase ; antifungal effectivity ; ergosterol biosynthesis ; hormone ; glucose homeostasis ; retina ; solanaceae ; cholestanoic acid ; algal sterols ; cell migration ; withanolides ; insulin resistance ; Zingiber officinale ; posaconazole ; synthesis ; pre-diabetes ; pharmacognosy ; sterol ; 4-methylsterol ; oleanolic acid ; antiparasitic drugs ; lupeol ; oilseed ; aurelianolides ; divalent metal co-factor ligation ; bile alcohol ; phytosterols ; azoles ; infectious disease ; gingerols ; UV-radiation ; oil bodies ; ZnO ; sterol 14?-demethylase ; stigmasterol ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Predation and scavenging are pervasive ecological interactions in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. The ecology, evolution and conservation of predators and scavengers have received wide scientific attention and public awareness. However, the close connection that exists between predation and scavenging has not been emphasized until very recently. The recognition that carnivorous animals may obtain meat by either hunting prey or scavenging their carcasses has profound implications from individual behavior to population, community and ecosystem levels. However, many relevant questions still remain unexplored. This book deals with some of these questions, with the final aim to definitively dismiss the traditional view that predation and scavenging are disconnected ecological processes. This compendium of science may help to inspire ecologists, evolutionary biologists, paleontologists, anthropologists, epidemiologists, forensic scientists, anatomists, and, of course, conservation biologists in their stimulating and promising endeavor of achieving a more comprehensive understanding of carnivory in a rapidly changing world.
    Keywords: caching ; Capreolus capreolus ; carrion ; Eurasian lynx ; Lynx lynx ; Norway ; predation ; roe deer ; scavenging ; decomposition ; nitrogen ; nutrient recycling ; trophic cascade ; apex predators ; bear ; interspecific interactions ; moose ; wolf ; birds of prey ; foraging ; predators ; scavengers ; vision ; carcass ; confrontational scavenging ; disease risk ; facultative scavenger ; landscape of peril ; marine ecosystems ; parasite risk ; predator risk ; terrestrial ecosystems ; anthropogenic food ; diet ; urban habitats ; ecological functions ; carnivorous ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The future food systems will have to provide food and nutrition security while facing unprecedented sustainability challenges: this underlines the need for a transition to more sustainable food systems. Taking into account these premises and considering the complexity of food systems, this book aims to present original research articles, reviews, and commentaries concerning the following:Advancements in food and beverage;Dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional food;Food allergy and public health;Food and nutritional toxicology;Food biotechnology and food processing;Food microbiology and food safety;Food packaging;Food safety and food inspection;Food security and environmental impacts;Food waste management;Nutrition and metabolism;Sustainable food systems and agro-ecological food production.
    Keywords: perceived consumer effectiveness ; green food consumption ; social trust theory ; social ideal theory ; psychological wellbeing ; China ; food additives ; food industry ; food safety ; health impacts ; maltitol ; metabolism ; sweeteners ; consumer’s perceptions and attitudes ; food security ; natural food products ; natural sweeteners ; sustainability ; food sovereignty ; reindeer herding ; food value chain ; Indigenous peoples ; COVID-19 pandemic ; the Arctic ; Western Siberia ; Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug ; epistemic trust ; risk perception ; genetically modified food ; public acceptance ; partial least squares structural equation modeling ; community-based intervention ; diet ; home food availability ; home food environment ; sugar sweetened beverages ; fruit and vegetable intake ; Mediterranean diet ; Mediterranean diet pyramid ; sustainable diets ; environmental concerns ; nutrition ; food-based dietary guidelines ; migrants ; diabetes ; food habits ; culturally tailored diet ; transcultural mediator ; café ; green ambience ; Delphi method ; indicator design ; grain production ; spatial–temporal characteristic ; influencing factors ; the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain ; Crepis vesicaria L. subsp. taraxacifolia ; nutritional value ; phenolic profile ; chicoric acid ; antioxidant ; anti-inflammatory ; Brazil ; community restaurants ; food handlers ; food insecurity ; low-income ; COVID-19 ; families ; children ; food acquisition ; restaurants ; biofilms ; food microbiology ; dietary guidelines ; Mediterranean ; the USA ; Japan ; Argentina ; South Africa ; egg quality traits ; ginger ; immunity ; Japanese quail performance ; halal food performance ; availability ; healthy/nutritional factor ; accreditation ; clean/safe/hygiene factor ; trust ; attachment ; halal-friendly image ; retention ; muslim travelers ; Escherichia coli ; bacterial retention ; surface topographies ; meat exudate ; wipe cleaning ; conditioning film ; Cape Verde ; cereals ; metals ; dietary intake ; risk assessment ; Indigenous health ; food systems ; colonialism ; community-based ; participatory ; n/a ; dysphagia ; the elderly ; food products ; processing ; rheology ; texture ; capital endowment ; ecological cognition ; environment-friendly technology ; adoption level ; Hackman model ; environmental health ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In 2011, carbohydrates provided 63% of the dietary energy intake to the world’s population. Historically, carbohydrate-rich diets have been associated with good health and longevity but there has been a move away from traditional carbohydrate-rich diets, with refined carbohydrate taking much criticism for contributing to non-communicable disease. The aim of this Special Issue is to discuss the appropriate use of environmentally sustainable carbohydrate-rich foods in the modern diet in developing and developed countries in the context of prevention and treatment of non-communicable disease.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; satiety ; preload ; carbohydrate ; observational study ; body weight ; chronic disease risk ; postprandial ; isomaltulose ; qualitative ; glycaemic glucose equivalents ; mixed meal ; glycaemia ; obesity ; kiwifruit ; knowledge ; carbohydrates ; sugars ; timing ; sucrose ; CVD ; nutrition ; glycemia ; prebiotics ; intestinal biota ; glycemic response ; fibre ; T2DM ; low-carbohydrate diet ; ethnicity ; rice consumption ; activity ; fruit ; exercise ; discussion groups ; potato ; resistant starch ; pasta ; type 2 diabetes mellitus ; glycemic index ; vitamin C ; carbohydrate exchanges ; fructose ; glycemic load ; Japanese diet ; rice ; type 2 diabetes ; glycaemic response ; dietary pattern ; insulinaemia ; diabetes ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are dispensable genetic elements found in thousands of species of plants and animals, and some fungi. Since their discovery more than a century ago, they have been a source of puzzlement, as they only occur in some members of a population and are absent from others. When they do occur, they are often harmful, and in the absence of “selfishness”, based on mechanisms of mitotic and meiotic drive, there appears to be no obvious reason for their existence. Cytogeneticists have long wrestled with questions about the biological existence of these enigmatic elements, including their lack of any adaptive properties, apparent absence of functional genes, their origin, sequence organization, and co-evolution as nuclear parasites. Emerging new technologies are now enabling researchers to step up a gear, to look enthusiastically beyond the previous limits of the horizon, and to uncover the secrets of these “silent” chromosomes. This book provides a comprehensive guide to theoretical advancements in the field of B chromosome research in both animal and plant systems.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; parent-of-origin effects ; fluorescent in situ hybridization ; coverage ratio analysis ; n/a ; ribosomal DNA ; reactivation ; cytogenetics ; epigenetics ; heterochromatin ; interphase nucleus ; whole genome resequencing ; transmission ; grasshoppers ; genome instability ; dot-like (micro) Bs ; ?s ; B chromosome ; supernumerary elements ; transcription of heterochromatin ; maternal X chromosome ; supernumerary chromosome ; population analysis ; supernumerary ; repeat clusters ; extra chromosomes ; genes ; tandem repeats ; B morphotypes ; repetitive DNA ; repetitive elements ; DNA copy number variation ; chromosome polymorphism ; satellite DNA ; mammals ; maize B chromosome ; additional chromosomes ; inactivation ; drive ; B chromosomes ; FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridisation) ; organelle DNA ; Orthoptera ; origin ; supernumerary chromosomes ; karyotype evolution ; GISH (genomic in situ hybridisation) ; DNA composition ; de novo centromere formation ; genomics ; paternal X chromosome ; euchromatin degradation ; supernumerary chromosomal segments (SCS) evolution ; centromere ; sSMC ; Prospero autumnale complex ; next-generation sequencing ; Drosophila ; host/parasite interaction ; Apodemus peninsulae ; genome evolution ; evolution ; teleost ; chromosome evolution ; microdissected DNA probes ; controlling element ; mobile element ; RNA-Seq ; karyotypes ; karyotypic characteristics ; RepeatExplorer ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The authentication of foods and beverages is a very current topic of great interest for all the actors involved in the food chain, including the food industry, consumers, and food science researchers. Food authenticity covers many different aspects related to mislabeling, adulteration, and misleading claims about origin, production methods, or processing technologies. As many factors may affect the chemical composition of foods (e.g., geographical origin, variety or breed, conditions of cultivation, and breeding and/or feeding), the implementation of accurate, robust, and high-throughput analytical methods is needed to assess their authenticity and traceability and, consequently, guarantee their safety and quality in terms of organoleptic, nutritional, and bioactive characteristics. For these purposes, multiple analytical tools can be employed in combination with advanced chemometrics, such as spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques, DNA-based methods, and state-of-the-art omics approaches. In this context, in 2020, the journal Foods launched the Special Issue “Food Authentication: Techniques, Trends and Emerging Approaches” to gather research papers and review articles dealing with the development and application of analytical techniques and emerging approaches in food authentication. Considering the success and popularity of this earlier Special Issue, we will now release a second Special Issue comprising ten valuable scientific contributions, including one review article, one commentary article, and eight original research articles.
    Keywords: rapid authentication ; handheld Raman ; NIR ; fatty acid profile ; oil qualification ; coffee authenticity ; HPLC-UV ; HPLC-FLD ; fingerprinting ; chemometrics ; food adulteration ; chicory ; barley ; flours ; fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy ; second-derivative spectrum ; red pepper powder ; geographical origin ; discriminant analysis ; SDS method ; Qiagen method ; polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ; multiple attribute decision making (MADM) analysis ; Aerodramus ; coffee ; fermentation ; gastrointestinal tract ; Kopi Luwak ; civet ; characterization ; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy ; cluster analysis ; Sherry vinegar ; spectralprint ; random forest ; support vector machine ; molecular traceability ; authentication ; agri-food ; molecular markers ; DNA barcoding ; isothermal amplification ; sequencing ; alkaline phosphatase determination ; PDO Pecorino Siciliano cheese ; raw milk determination ; vinegar ; protected designation of origin ; UV-Vis spectroscopy ; prediction ; sterols ; olive oil ; triterpenic dialcohols ; supported liquid extraction ; high performance liquid chromatography ; gas chromatography ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress is associated with a number of health disorders, including cardiovascular malfunction, certain types of cancer, diabetes mellitus, many other auto-immune diseases, and even ageing. The body possesses multiple mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress, which employ antioxidant compounds that are either naturally generated in situ (endogenous antioxidants) or externally supplied through food (exogenous antioxidants). These antioxidants are able to counteract oxidative stress, thanks to their ability to neutralize excess free radicals and protect the cellular lipids, proteins, and DNA from molecular damage. Exogenous antioxidants from the diet are of increasing interest because of their beneficial role in maintaining good health and in preventing chronic diseases. Indeed, a diet rich in dietary antioxidants, especially from fruits and vegetables, has been correlated with a successful prevention and lower incidence of several degenerative pathologies, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This Special Issue of Nutrients welcomes the submission of manuscripts, either describing original research or reviewing scientific literature, examining the role of diets rich in antioxidant compounds in the prevention of chronic diseases and the characteristics of the antioxidants included in such diets.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; antioxidants ; chronic diseases ; dietary supplementation ; human health ; prevention ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Biocontrol of plant diseases is considered one of the most important and current challenges of our society due to the need to look for eco-friendly alternatives to chemicals. Thus, research towards the biological control sensu lato [antagonist microorganisms, biostimulants, Induced Resistance (IR)] of plant diseases is an urgent demand for the agro-food sector of the Euroregion as well as for our society in the frame of the European Green Deal. Exploring different biocontrol tools as well as their combined effect against plant diseases is essential to generate knowledge on such topics to look for optimum management strategies in crop protection in the frame of organic and sustainable agriculture. Within this framework, this Special Issue of Plants brings together a collection of research papers on applied plant pathology and targeted reviews of biocontrol, including studies on antagonist microorganisms, biostimulants, and host resistance-inducers against plant diseases.
    Keywords: biological control agents ; biostimulation ; resistance host inducers ; sustainable agriculture ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Recent special issues in various journals have focused on “urban ecosystem services”. There is also an increasing amount of studies on “urban ecology”, “urban tree management”, “arboriculture”, “urban biodiversity”, and “ecosystem services” from wildland forests. This Special Issue aims to fill a void and focus on the socio-ecological diversity and the economic value of the ecosystem services from urban and peri-urban forests. Urban and peri-urban forests are tree dominated ecosystems in and near human settlements, while ecosystem services are the direct economic, social, and environmental benefits provided by their structural components and ecological functions.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; GE1-350 ; Perceptions and attitudes ; Climate change ; Socio-ecological systems ; Ecosystem service tradeoffs ; Non-market valuation ; Urban forest structure and biodiversity ; Management and planning ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster spp.) are a major contributor to ongoing coral loss on reefs throughout the Indo-Pacific, thereby jeopardizing productivity and biodiversity of these important marine ecosystems. Controlling outbreak populations of Acanthaster spp. is considered one of the most promising strategies to halt or reverse widespread declines in live coral cover. Effective management of crown-of-thorns starfish is, however, conditional on improved understanding of their biology and ecology. While crown-of-thorns starfish are arguably the most extensively studied of any single coral reef species, there remain considerable gaps in our knowledge of their basic biology and ecology. This edited monograph presents the latest research and significant advances in understanding and managing outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Coral reefs ; Habitat loss ; Disturbance ; Ecology ; Management ; Acanthaster spp. ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    Humana Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This volume details comprehensive state-of-the-art methods on actin microfilaments and microtubules and how they work to achieve different cellular functions in different cellular contexts. Chapters guide readers through protein purification, in vitro reconstitution of several cytoskeleton properties, analyses of microtubule- and actin-based structures, functional dissection of post-translational modifications, and roles in several biological processes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Cytoskeleton Dynamics: Methods and Protocols aims to provide a wide range of experimental approaches and be an invaluable resource for present and future generations of cytoskeleton researchers. The chapter “Visualization and Functional Analysis of Spindle Actin and Chromosome Segregation in Mammalian Oocytes” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
    Keywords: microtubules; golgi-mediated microtubule organization; protein purification; in vitro reconstitution; cytoskeleton properties; nuclear migration ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Alternative treatment modes for antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens have become a public health priority. Bacteriophages are bacterial viruses that infect and lyse bacterial cells. Since bacteriophages are frequently bacterial host species-specific and can often also infect antibiotic-resistant bacterial cells, they could represent ideal antimicrobials for fighting the antibiotic resistance crisis. The medical use of bacteriophages has become known as phage therapy. It is widely used in Russia, where phage cocktails are sold in pharmacies as an over-the-counter drug. However, no phage product has been registered for medical purposes outside of the former Soviet Union. The current Special Issue of Viruses contains a collection of papers from opinion leaders in the field who explore hurdles to the introduction of phage therapy in western countries. The articles cover diverse topics ranging from patent to regulatory issues, the targeting of suitable bacterial infections, and the selection and characterization of safe and efficient phage cocktails. Phage resistance is discussed, and gaps in our knowledge of phage–bacterium interactions in the mammalian body are revealed, while other articles explore the use of phages in food production and processing.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QR1-502 ; Q1-390 ; alginate ; abortive infection ; n/a ; bacterial resistance ; bacteriophages ; ATMP ; MALDI-MS ; adaptation ; Bacteriophage ; horizontal gene transfer ; adaptive immunity ; co-evolution ; Listeria ivanovii ; personalised medicines ; pH stability ; phage-human host interaction ; vB_SauM-fRuSau02 ; antimicrobial resistance ; phagodisinfection ; biofilm ; capsule depolymerase ; animal model ; phage cocktails ; Enterococcus ; cases report ; zoonosis ; resistance ; magistral formula ; experimental therapy ; Belgium ; phage therapy ; E. faecalis ; nontraditional antibacterial ; industrial phage application ; Democratic Republic of the Congo ; OrthoMCL ; Germany ; high-throughput sequencing ; antimicrobial ; infection ; antibiotic therapy ; Kayvirus ; phages ; Twortlikevirus ; bacterial disease ; human host ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; phage ; multidrug-resistant bacteria ; bacterial infection ; Salmonella Typhi ; rhamnopolysaccharide ; compassionate use ; crop production ; compounding pharmacy ; antimicrobial resistance (AMR) ; best practices ; bacteriophage efficacy ; phage sensitivity ; antibiotic-resistance ; antibiotic ; lysins ; PTMP ; Escherichia coli ; typhoid fever ; patent landscape ; phage preparation ; innate immunity ; anti-phage antibodies ; immunology ; Staphylococcus aureus ; global health ; clinical trial ; adsorption ; Brussels ; phage-resistance ; Galleria mellonella ; science communication ; history of science ; virus–host interactions ; foodborne illness ; prophage ; resistance management ; biofilms ; IND ; immunomodulation ; frequency of resistance ; capsule ; gastrointestinal tract ; phage-host interactions ; disinfection ; production ; bacteriophage therapy ; bacteriophage ; Staphylococcus ; magistral preparation ; extended-spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) ; Viral proteins ; antibiotic resistance ; genomics ; phage biocontrol ; therapy ; target selection ; viral genomes ; evolution ; pharmaceutical paradigm shift ; personalized medicine ; pharmaceutical legislation ; food safety ; regulation ; virulence ; developing countries ; infectious disease ; regulatory framework ; sustainable agriculture ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Fruits and vegetables are important sources of nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds, and provide many health benefits. However, due to non-optimal post-harvest management, large quantities of fresh or fresh-cut fruits and vegetables experience a decline in their quality and nutritional value before they reach the consumer. This Special Issue covers technologies for the harvesting, handling, and storage of vegetables, including storage strategies such as active packaging, edible coatings, the application of nanotechnology in the post-harvest of vegetable crops, and others, with the aim of improving the shelf-life of fresh and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.
    Keywords: fresh walnut ; total phenols ; frozen storage ; fatty acid ; antioxidant enzyme ; fruit storage ; antioxidant capacity ; phenolic compounds ; gene expression ; Fragaria × ananassa Duch. ; Sabrosa ; ripening stage ; headspace solid phase microextraction (HS SPME GC/MS) ; HPLC-MS/MS principal component analysis ; fresh-cut cauliflower ; storage period ; calcium chloride ; temperature ; factor analysis ; quality ; table grapes ; optimal harvesting ; technological maturity ; phenolic maturity ; non-destructive tools ; Multiplex® 3 ; pectin-based coating ; quality attributes ; fresh-cut carrot ; respiratory activity ; carotenoids and phenolic compounds ; lemon byproduct ; antioxidant ; e-nose ; ATR-FTIR ; image analysis ; multivariate analysis ; Barhi dates ; Phoenix dactylifera ; chitosan ; orange peel ; olive cake ; coating ; scanning electron microscopy ; surface structure ; antifungal active packaging ; raspberry ; green tea extract ; rosemary extract ; citrus ; intelligent logistics ; modeling ; orange ; postharvest ; chilling injury ; storage ; melatonin ; 1-MCP ; oregano ; vacuum packaging ; Allium cepa ; Rhus coriaria ; refrigeration ; mango fruit ; melatonin treatment ; cold storage ; decay ; physiological and metabolic processes ; goji berries ; shelf-life ; postharvest quality ; sensorial attributes ; freshness ; active packaging ; cold plasma ; dipping ; E-nose ; high hydrostatic pressure ; innovative postharvest technologies ; pulsed electric field ; vacuum impregnation ; near-infrared spectroscopy ; Pleurotus eryngii ; king oyster mushroom ; quality influential factors ; preservation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: zebrafish ; development ; disease ; human health conditions ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The first taxonomic treatment of the smut fungi in Greenland is provided. A total of 43 species in 11 genera are treated and illustrated by photographs of sori, microphotographs of spores in LM and SEM, and distribution maps. Two species, Anthracoidea pseudofoetidae and Urocystis tothii, are recorded as new from North America. Thirteen species, Anthracoidea altera, A. capillaris, A. limosa, A. liroi, A. pseudofoetidae, A. scirpoideae, A. turfosa, Microbotryum lagerheimii, M. stellariae, Schizonella elynae, Stegocintractia luzulae, Urocystis fischeri, and U. tothii, are reported for the first time from Greenland. The most numerous distribution groups are the following: circumpolar–alpine and Arctic–alpine species – 14; circumboreal–polar species – 10; and circumpolar and Arctic species – 6. The most widely distributed smut fungi in Greenland are Anthracoidea bigelowii, A. elynae, Microbotryum bistortarum, and M. vinosum. Most species were found in the High Arctic zone (29 species), while from the Low Arctic zone and the Subarctic zone, 26 and 19 species were known, respectively. Ten species, Anthracoidea bigelowii, A. capillaris, A. elynae, Microbotryum bistortarum, M. koenigiae, M. pustulatum, M. silenes-acaulis, M. vinosum, Schizonella elynae, and Urocystis sorosporioides, were recorded from all three zones. Only plants belonging to six families, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Juncaceae, Ranunculaceae, Caryophyllaceae, and Polygonaceae, out of a total of 55 in the flora of Greenland, hosted smut fungi. Carex was the genus with the highest number of host species (22). The total number of the host plants (45 species) was 8.5 % out of a total of 532 vascular plants in the flora of Greenland.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 64
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue collects research on and applications of the relationship between food, nutrition, and databases. The development of databases of nutrients, bioactive compounds, and metabolites are key tools for human health and public nutrition and represent resources for a wide range of applications in food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, epidemiology, and medicinal areas. The current research trends are highlighted.
    Keywords: plant sterols ; database ; Polish population ; supermarket packaged foods ; private labels ; generic labels ; branded labels ; health star rating ; sugar ; sodium ; healthiness ; price ; public health policy ; food data ; natural substances ; health promotion ; sustainable foods ; national food composition databases ; one health ; nutritional knowledge ; eight-year-old students ; official control ; school canteen ; food composition database ; nutrient pattern ; nutrient composition ; principal component analysis ; food-based dietary guideline ; salt intake ; South Africa ; salt content ; nutritional claims ; nutrient profile/profiling models ; changes in sodium content ; food database ; public health ; industrially-produced trans fatty acids ; Elaidic acid ; Linolelaidic acid ; traditional dishes ; Arabic sweets ; market foods ; Lebanon ; n/a ; fast food ; total sugars ; population health ; food environments ; meal combos ; food standardization ; nutrients ; bioactive compounds ; personalized nutrition ; saccharin ; sucralose ; gut microbiota ; acceptable daily intake ; short-term studies ; long-term studies ; short-chain fatty acids ; cognitive impairment ; cognitive decline ; nutritional care ; hospitalized patient ; elderly patient ; EuroFIR AISBL ; food data banks ; standardization ; harmonization ; interoperability ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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  • 65
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The survival of plants under stressful environments requires the study of the mechanisms that help in reversing the adverse impacts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) excessively generated under these conditions. Understanding the mechanisms helps in adopting strategies to induce such mechanisms for the better acclimation of plants. These ROS, if not scavenged, cause damage of cellular components, including lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, and, in extreme cases, even the death of cells in plants. Confronted with abiotic stress, there is an initial elevation in ROS that activates redox signaling to initiate defense in plants through the activation of antioxidant activity. The improvement in the capacity of antioxidant machinery is one of the essential strategies with which to develop tolerance and relieve the pressure of abiotic-stress-induced oxidative changes for the survival of plants. This reprint provides knowledge on the following aspects: Impact of abiotic stress factors and the response of antioxidant machinery to changing abiotic stress conditions, as well as strategies with which to strengthen antioxidant machinery for the survival of plants; Strategies to improve the tolerance mechanisms of plants against abiotic stress factors; Roles and the mechanisms of the plant signaling molecules/growth modifiers/mineral nutrients/hormones/other elicitors in relieving the impacts of abiotic stresses; The utilization of approaches such as genomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, ionomics, and nutiomics to strengthen antioxidant machinery and make plant life easier under abiotic stress conditions.
    Keywords: tomato ; photosynthesis ; root growth ; oxidative damage ; melatonin ; drought ; gene expression ; toxic metals/metalloid ; nanoparticles ; phytohormones ; phytoremediation ; reactive oxygen species ; antioxidant enzymes ; heavy metal stress ; ubiquitination ; protein degradation ; gas exchange features ; osmotic adjustment ; water deficiency ; water-use-efficiency ; antioxidant defense ; arabidopsis ; bioinformatic analysis ; SlBAG genes ; SlBAG9 ; Solanum lycopersicum ; antioxidants ; oxidative stress ; marker-free transgenic rice ; mature seed-derived calli ; pea DNA helicase 45 ; salinity stress tolerance ; ethylene response factor ; flooding stress ; metallothionein ; monodehydroascorbic acid reductase ; resistant cultivar ; respiratory burst oxidase ; sensitive cultivar ; biochemical metabolites ; plant growth ; stigmasterol ; wheat ; polyamine ; iron-deficiency ; transcriptomics ; BAG9 ; Hsps ; thermotolerance ; ethylene ; hydrogen sulfide ; nitric oxide ; rice ; Arabidopsis ; metabolome ; ROS ; rohitukine ; ascorbate peroxidase ; catalase ; hydrogen peroxide ; NADP dehydrogenases ; NADPH oxidase ; salt stress ; superoxide dismutase ; seed priming ; spermine ; chromium ; S1fa transcription factor ; cell wall ; yeast ; antioxidant enzyme ; heat stress ; betaine ; seed germination ; physiology ; biochemistry ; Hibiscus cannabinus ; physiological changes ; bioactive constituents ; antioxidant capacity ; bioactive molecules ; carotenoids ; flavonoids ; osmotic stress ; phenolic acids ; secondary metabolites ; exogenous spermidine ; lettuce ; transcriptome ; vanadium stress ; sweet potato ; antioxidant defense system ; stomatal traits ; antioxidant systems ; Cu stress ; leucine ; nitrogen metabolism ; peach ; polyamine uptake protein ; Put2 ; ascorbate ; Dittrichia ; glutathione ; thallium toxicity ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 66
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint represents a collection of scientific papers belonging to a Special Issue of Antioxidants entitled "Advances in the Astonishing World of Phytochemicals: State-of-the-Art for Antioxidants". Several studies have revealed that plants are a source of a plethora of bioactive compounds, such as phytohormones, glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and essential oils, with a strong potential impact in the fields of pharmaceutics and agriculture. These phytochemicals represent a valuable weapon that plants use in self-defense in order to counteract the effects of abiotic stress disturbing the delicate equilibrium between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense systems. In recent years, interest in this area of research has been increasing due to the multifaceted properties of natural compounds with antioxidants having anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanism of their action is crucial to establishing their real potential in applied sciences. This reprint focuses on the most recent advances in the study of antioxidant molecular mechanisms activated by phytochemicals, with potential pharmacological and agricultural applications. We thank all the authors for their contribution to the research topic of this reprint and all editorial staff for their valuable support.
    Keywords: antioxidant response element (ARE) ; Nrf2 signaling pathway ; bioactive byproducts ; proanthocyanidins ; oxidative stress mechanisms ; thinned apples ; polyphenols ; anti-oxidant ; anti-inflammatory ; NRF2 ; NF-κB ; proteomics ; antioxidants ; acetylcholinesterase ; 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl ; HPLC ; medicinal plants ; oxidative stress ; cytotoxicity ; hepatoprotective effects ; HeLa cancer ; inflammation ; mass spectrometry ; oxidation ; prostate cancer ; phytochemical ; phenolic acids ; phenolic mixtures ; interaction effect ; antioxidant activity ; FRAP ; ORAC ; Achillea millefolium ; yarrow extract ; H. pylori ; supercritical anti-solvent fractionation ; anti-inflammatory activity ; antibacterial activity ; A. gangeticus ; protein and dietary fiber ; minerals ; phytochemicals ; HPLC-UV DPPH ; ABTS+ ; PA profiles ; NaCl ; Mexican Gordolobo ; supercritical CO2 extraction ; fatty acids ; biomass valorization ; mountain pepper ; rosella ; strawberry gum ; lemon aspen ; flavonoids ; anthocyanins ; bioavailability ; LC-MS/MS ; microalgae ; exopolysaccharides ; phycoerythrin ; biocompatibility ; wound healing ; Echinacea purpurea extracts ; fractions ; phenols/carboxylic acids ; alkylamides ; human primary macrophages ; pressurized liquid extraction ; seaweeds ; green extraction technique ; bioactive compounds ; functional ingredients ; food packaging ; future trends ; tomato-based products ; metabolic syndrome ; HFD ; antioxidant capacity ; phytonutrients ; yarrow ; fragmentation pathway ; electrospray ionization ; secondary metabolites ; horseradish ; mass spectra ; kaolinite ; phyto-carrier system ; phytocompounds ; methyl gallate ; autophagy ; apoptosis ; p53 ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 67
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The school of thought surrounding the urban ecosystem has increasingly become in vogue among researchers worldwide. Since half of the world’s population lives in cities, urban ecosystem services have become essential to human health and wellbeing. Rapid urban growth has forced sustainable urban developers to rethink important steps by updating and, to some degree, recreating the human–ecosystem service linkage.Assessing as well as estimating the losses of ecosystem services can denote the essential effects of urbanization and increasingly indicate where cities fall short. This second book on urban ecosystem services contains 11 thoroughly refereed contributions published within the Special Issue “Urban Ecosystem Services II: Toward a Sustainable Future”. The book addresses topics such as cultural ecosystem services, green infrastructure, urban trees, urban green spaces, and more. The contributions highlight current knowledge, gaps, and future research with the focus on building a sustainable future.
    Keywords: urban biodiversity ; urban watersheds ; Bogota Colombia ; corruption ; Unwillingness to Invest ; natural capital ; blue-green infrastructure ; urban environmental challenges ; Global South ; tropical cities ; urban forestry ; cultural ecosystem services ; public survey ; tree maintenance ; urbanization ; birds ; ecosystem services ; survival ; adaptations ; traits ; land-based financing ; land monetisation ; policy ; infrastructure ; Sustainable Development Goals ; compensation measures ; urban resilience ; urban development ; impact assessment ; cityscape visual perception ; green infrastructure ; linear parks ; sustainable landscape planning ; tram lanes ; Warsaw ; ecosystem service value ; farmland loss ; construction land expansion ; remote sensing ; landscape architecture ; design ; evaluation ; urban ecosystem services ; urban tree planting ; i-Tree Canopy ; Office for National Statistics ; health damage costs ; United Kingdom ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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  • 68
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: ca. 200 words; this text will present the book in all promotional forms (e.g. flyers). Please describe the book in straightforward and consumer-friendly terms. [Estrogen receptors (ERs) are typical members of the superfamily of nuclear receptors that mainly function as ligand-inducible transcription factors that bind chromatin, as homodimers, at specific response elements. A tight reciprocal coupling between rapid ‘non-genomic’ and ‘genomic’ ER actions may also occur in many physiological processes. ERs have long been evaluated for their roles in controlling the expression of genes involved in vital cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Therefore, given the various and pleiotropic functions of ERs, the dysregulation of their pathways contributes to several diseases such as the hormone-dependent breast; endometrial and ovarian cancers; and neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and osteoporosis. In this printed edition of the Special Issue, “Molecular Pathways of Estrogen Receptor Action”, promising results on understanding the mechanisms underlying ER-mediated effects in various pathophysiological processes are represented, covering different roles of ER pathways in the tumorigenesis, the resistance to endocrine therapy, the dynamics of 3D genome organization, and cross-talk with other signaling pathways. This Special Issue also provides insight into the emerging roles of estrogen-signaling pathways in lung cancer, the tumor microenvironment, and the immune system.]
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Estrogens and estrogen receptors ; Cell signaling ; Physiopathology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: While international efforts in the development of short rotation woody crops (SRWCs) have historically focused on the production of biomass for bioenergy, biofuels, and bioproducts, research and deployment over the past decade has expanded to include broader objectives of achieving multiple ecosystem services. In particular, silvicultural prescriptions developed for SRWCs have been refined to include woody crop production systems for environmental benefits such as carbon sequestration, water quality and quantity, and soil health. In addition, current systems have been expanded beyond traditional fiber production to other environmental technologies that incorporate SRWCs as vital components for phytotechnologies, urban afforestation, ecological restoration, and mine reclamation. In this Special Issue of the journal Forests, we explore the broad range of current research dedicated to our topic: International Short Rotation Woody Crop Production Systems for Ecosystem Services and Phytotechnologies
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; SD1-669.5 ; rhizospheric soil ; allocation ; acidic soil ; abandoned farmland ; carbon sequestration ; bioenergy ; mycorrhizal fungi ; leaf area index ; foliar nutrient and metal concentration ; aboveground biomass ; inoculation ; stocking level ; site reclamation ; willow ; Salix ; spacing trial ; agricultural field experiment ; Populus ; Populus canadensis ; species variation ; ecosystem services ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: "The monograph considers influence over time of Fairtrade and Rainforest Alliance in 10 Costa Rican coffee farming communities. In-country perspectives and relevant historic and contemporary literature inform findings. Misaligned intentions to outcomes; different sustainability approaches; and variable influence is observed. There is opportunity to: consider when certifications are most useful; develop locally relevant standards; vertically integrate sourcing chains; consider how complementary mechanisms can be used alongside, or to improve certification approach. Sustainability of coffee as a cash crop, considering influence on biodiversity, and the possible implication of reduced coffee crop density for consumers, the market and farming landscapes, is considered. "
    Keywords: Regulatory approaches ; Sustainability standards ; Poverty reduction ; Environment ; Biodiversity ; Colonial and contemporary history ; Costa Rica ; Sustainability certification schemes ; Rainforest Alliance ; Fairtrade ; Coffee farming landscapes ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFV Ethical issues and debates ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability
    Language: English
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  • 71
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Environmental issues have attracted great attention with the pursuit of a high quality of life, and the effective removal of environmental pollutants is a great challenge today. This includes two topics: one is to remove the pollutants produced post-treatment, and the other is to synthesize chemicals by a green route, avoiding producing pollutants in the process.Catalytic technology is an effective way to solve environmental problems, which can facilitate the conversion of pollutants to nontoxic or even useful chemicals. Thus, this reprint focuses on resolving the environmental problems by a catalysis technology, including photocatalysis, thermocatalysis, and electrocatalysis. Research works relating to the catalytic removal of pollutants or the catalytic synthesis of chemicals by a green route are reported.
    Keywords: antibiotics ; photocatalytic degradation ; degradation mechanism ; photocatalysts ; ROS ; solid Fe resources ; recycling ; CO oxidation ; propane dehydrogenation ; dendrimer-like silica nanoparticle support ; Pt/Sn ratios ; selective oxidation ; benzaldehyde ; nanometer-size catalyst ; MOFs material ; graphitic carbon nitride ; metal oxides ; heterojunctions ; synthesis ; photocatalytic applications ; photocatalysis ; photodegradation ; carbon nitride ; phase junction ; MOF ; electrocatalysis ; electronic structure ; flow cell ; large current density ; Co3O4/Bi12O17Cl2 ; heterojunction ; Rhodamine-B ; Bisphenol-A ; oxygen vacancy ; exciton effect ; Bi2MoO6 ; sodium pentachlorophenate ; visible light ; N-doped TiO2 ; Bi2WO6 ; composite photocatalyst ; benzene degradation ; thermoactivation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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  • 72
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Fungal natural products have made important contributions to the history of human civilization. Mr. Liu Jikai has had a significant influence on the field of chemistry in fungal natural products, leading a large number of Chinese scholars engaged in related research. We would like to take this opportunity to thank Mr. Liu Jikai for his efforts on fungal natural products chemistry and hope that all colleagues will make great progress for the future.
    Keywords: sesquiterpenoids ; fungus ; structures ; structural diversity ; biological activity ; synthesis ; heterologous expression ; PKS-NRPS ; ilicicolin H ; shunt metabolite ; Trichoderma reesei ; Craterellus ordoratus ; isolation and structural elucidation ; immunosuppressive activity ; propionyl-CoA metabolism ; modular polyketide synthase ; propionyl-CoA carboxylase ; Bipolaris sp. ; kiwi-associated fungus ; sesquiterpenoid ; xanthone ; anti-pathogenic microorganism activity ; monomeric sorbicillinoids ; bisorbicillinoids ; trisorbicillinoids ; hybrid sorbicillinoids ; fungi ; occurrence ; biological activities ; verrucosidins ; Penicillium cellarum ; glucose uptake-stimulating activity ; molecular networking ; endophytic fungi ; secondary metabolites ; structural feature ; drug discovery ; Phaeosphaeria sp. ; secondary metabolite ; polyketide ; AChE inhibitor ; biosynthetic pathways ; diterpenes ; isolation ; structure ; biosynthesis ; biosynthetic pathway crosstalk ; natural product ; biosynthetic gene cluster ; bioactivity ; Ganoderma applanatum ; lanostane triterpenoid ; Mosher’s method ; anti-adipogenesis activity ; structure–activity relationship ; PKS ; waste valorization ; microbial cell factory ; phenalenones ; cancer ; casein kinase ; CK2 inhibitor ; molecular docking ; Asteromyces cruciatus ; marine fungi ; polyketides ; sortase A ; chlore-containing metabolites ; Staphylococcus aureus ; antibacterial activity ; biofilm formation ; Boeremia exigua ; Fritillaria hupehensis ; eremophilanes ; boeremialanes ; anti-inflammatory ; NO production inhibition ; Ganoderma australe ; triterpene ; 20(22)E configuration ; PGME method ; balanol biosynthesis ; protein kinase C inhibitor ; Zn2Cys6 ; regulator BlnR ; medium optimization ; fermentation ; Tolypocladium ophioglossoides ; sorbicillinoids ; Acremonium chrysogenum ; structure elucidation ; DPPH radical scavenging activity ; antimicrobial compounds ; marine natural products ; endophytic fungus ; Phomopsis ; cytochalasan ; antimigratory activity ; Sparticola triseptata ; ECD–TDDFT ; antiproliferative ; cytotoxic ; actin inhibitors ; sulfur ; plant endophyte ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 73
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Proteins are the key decision-making workforce for practically all cellular signals. The precise equilibrium between protein translation, folding, function and timely degradation, also known as "proteostasis", determine cellular health as well as organismal maintenance and survival. Loss of cellular proteostasis is linked with physiological processes of deterioration such as aging, with conditions characterized by supraphysiological oxidative stress as well as with illness, including age-related diseases, neurodegeneration, inflammation, dystrophies and cancer. This book includes 18 chapters logically organized to allow comprehensive understanding of how maintenance of proteostasis protects cellular and organismal health, and how environmental and metabolic pressure can impair proteostasis and lead to disequilibrium and disease. Each chapter contains up-to-date information on its respective topic while some of them review the interplay of certain proteostatic mechanisms, a newly arising topic. Importantly, most chapters include tangible examples of how failure of proteostasis can underlie aging and disease. We hope that the compilation of the above topics will assist both novice and experienced researchers and students to become more familiar with the subject of proteostasis. In the long run, we hope that this book will inspire its readers and eventually promote new ideas and new research studies.
    Keywords: ad, age, alejandro, alihamze, anna, arantxa, aspects, assembly, Athanasopouloi, autophagy, between, cell, central, chaerone, chapter, Chondrogianni, complex, concluding, conculsions, contents, control, crosstalk, current, deciphering, definition, degradation, Diana, diseases, during, Efstathios, elF5A, Elah, Elisabeth, Factors, Farras, fathinajafabadi, Ferrando, Ferriz, folding, functions, future, gioran, gonos, heat, heidi, integrity, interplay, introsuction, irreversible, judith, kapetanou, kinetic, leading, localized, Marianna, Martinez, mechanisms, MicroRNAs, misfolding, molecular, motifs, network, Kiki, Olzscha, organellar, other, oxidative, panfilova,pathway, pauses, perspectives, pick, polu, pro, process, Proteasome, protein, proteinopathies, proteolysis, proteome, proteostasis, proteostatic, quality, references, regulation, regulators, related, remarks, rescues, response, reversible, ribosomal, riemer, rosa, RQC, S, shock,significance, sophia, stalling, stress, system, systemic, systems, table, targeting, term, thermodynamic, transcriptional , translation, translational, treatments, ubiquitin, unfolded ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 74
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book helps readers understand the fundamental principles and phenomena that control the transfer of trace elements. It describes the occurrence and behavior of trace elements in rocks, soil, water, air, and plants, and also discusses the anthropogenic impact to the environment. In addition, the book covers the presence of trace elements in feeds, as either contaminants or as nutritional or zootechnical additives, and their transfer across the food chain to humans. All trace elements are covered-from aluminum to zirconium-as well as rare-earth elements (actinides and lanthanides).
    Keywords: Soil Science ; Environmental Health ; Environmental Chemistry ; ENVIRO ; AGRICULTURE ; CHEMLIB ; SCI-TECH ; CHEMISTRY ; ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCE ; STM ; ash ; crust ; earths ; eriksson ; fly ; fresh ; periodic ; table ; weight ; 2001a ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming
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  • 75
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Ecological patterns are the manifestation of salient feedback between species and the environment, considering both the natural and built environment. Mapping this dynamical feedback over space and time means extracting the structural and functional networks of habitats and species whose nexus defines the systemic function that can be preserved and enhanced via protection and eco-engineering solutions. The key is to sense the ecological collective behavior that is salient for quantitative ecosystem assessment, forecasting, and engineering. This Topic aims to highlight data, methods, inferred processes, and solutions about collective ecological patterns at multiple scales and for diverse ecosystems. The core objective is to stress the crucial importance of ecological information and monitoring for detailed and quantitative assessment of ecosystems on which future nature-based solutions can be developed considering climate risks and population values.
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Ecosystems ; Biocomplexity ; Sensing ; Networks ; Information ; Environment ; Ecology&nbsp ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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  • 76
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The majority of carbon stored in the soils of the world is stored in forests. The refractory nature of some portions of forest soil organic matter also provides the slow, gradual release of organic nitrogen and phosphorus to sustain long term forest productivity. Contemporary and future disturbances, such as climatic warming, deforestation, short rotation sylviculture, the invasion of exotic species, and fire, all place strains on the integrity of this homeostatic system of C, N, and P cycling. On the other hand, the CO2 fertilization effect may partially offset losses of soil organic matter, but many have questioned the ability of N and P stocks to sustain the CO2 fertilization effect.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; SD1-669.5 ; polyphenols ; aluminum accumulator ; near natural forest management ; chloroform fumigation extraction ; soil structure ; soil enzymes ; manure pelleting ; microbial biomass ; Oxisol ; biolability ; soil nutrients ; second production cycle ; PLFA ; pyrolysis ; Eucalyptus sp. ; Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation ; carbon ; the Three Gorges Reservoir ; revegetation ; carbon distribution index ; climate change ; seasons ; annual increment average ; topography ; humic substances ; litter N ; soil fertility ; climate zone ; nutrient cycling ; Daxing’an Mountains ; carbon mineralization ; nitrification ; 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P NMR) ; organic matter ; throughfall ; forest soil ; dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ; P species ; stoichiometric homeostasis ; dissolved organic matter (DOM) ; soil organic matter fraction ; variable-charge soils ; ammonium ; nitrate ; soil degradation ; soil P fractions ; seasonal trends ; ammonia-oxidizing bacteria ; nitrogen dynamics ; net primary productivity ; soil microbial communities ; beech forests ; soil pH ; wood volume ; temperature ; northern temperate ; multilevel models ; Pinus massoniana plantation ; ammonia-oxidizing archaea ; P stock ; stand density ; P resorption efficiency ; forest types ; soil greenhouse gas flux ; enzyme activities ; soil N ; alpine forest ; moisture gradient ; climate ; climatic factors ; soil available phosphorus ; microbial activity ; soil available nitrogen ; leaf N:P ratio ; stemflow ; Chamaecyparis forest ; charcoal ; gross nitrogen transformations ; principal component analyses ; information review ; manuring ; stand age ; tree-DOM ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 77
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The emergence of marine and freshwater toxins in geographical areas where they have never been reported before is a concern due to the considerable impact on (sea)food contamination, and consequently, on public health. Several groups of marine biotoxins, in particular tetrodotoxins, ciguatoxins, and palytoxins, are included among the relevant marine biotoxins that have recently emerged in several coastal areas. A similar situation has been observed in freshwater, where cyanobacterial toxins, such as microcystins, could end up in unexpected areas such as the estuaries where shellfish are cultivated. Climate change and the increased availability of nutrients have been considered as the key factors in the expansion of all of these toxins into new areas; however, this could also be due to more intense biological invasions, more sensitive analytical methods, or perhaps even an increased scientific interest in these natural contaminations. The incidences of human intoxications due to the consumption of seafood contaminated with these toxins have made their study an important task to accomplish in order to protect human health. This Special Issue has a focus on a wide variety of emerging biotoxin classes and techniques to identify and quantify them.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; C-CTX-1 ; non-targeted analysis ; ciguatera fish poisoning ; suspects screening ; neurodegeneration ; adaptation ; LC-HRMS ; paralytic shellfish toxins ; LC-MS/MS ; animal toxins ; identification ; method characterization ; caribbean ciguatoxins ; oral toxicity ; water flea ; quorum sensing ; eutrophication ; beta-methyl-amino-l-alanine ; dynamics simulation ; thermal water ; spent medium ; Microcystis ; Gambierdiscus ; gambierdiscus ; whole genome sequencing ; palytoxin ; conotoxin ; ovatoxins ; cyanobacterial toxin ; BMAA ; Ciguatera fish poisoning ; Rastrineobola argentea ; calcium-activated K+ ion channel ; toxicity equivalence factor ; NMR spectroscopy ; N2a ; PPIA ; marine biotoxins ; Daphnia magna ; ELISA ; disulfide-rich peptide ; food chain ; ShK-like peptide ; voltage-gated K+ ion channel ; targeted analysis ; Chinese yellow catfish ; marine ; macaronesia ; neuroblastoma bioassay ; marine toxins ; acute toxicity ; algal–bacterial relationship ; mass spectrometry ; tetrodotoxins ; saxitoxin ; toxicology ; cationization ; seafood safety ; evolution ; cyanotoxins ; toxin genes ; zoantharian ; spatial variability ; dopaminergic neurons ; tetrodotoxin ; bivalve mollusks ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Bio Impedance Spectroscopy (BIS) consists in the application of a small frequency variable electrical signal to a biological material and measuring its response. This research explores BIS applied to cancer and healthy cells and tissues, with the objective to try to distinguish them and also to explore differences between metastatic and non-metastatic cancers. Important trends were found in the direction of a significant different spectral response between cancerous and healthy tissues, close correlated with the effects of the cancer in the normal tissues. Also, one physical characteristic that can possibly be used to distinguish metastatic from non-metastatic cancer cells was found: the cell surface charge.
    Keywords: Cells distinction ; Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ; Metastatic cancers ; Non-metastatic cancers ; Cell charge ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing (PSB) 2015 is an international, multidisciplinary conference for the presentation and discussion of current research in the theory and application of computational methods in problems of biological significance. Presentations are rigorously peer reviewed and are published in an archival proceedings volume. PSB 2015 will be held from January 4 – 8, 2015 in Kohala Coast, Hawaii. Tutorials and workshops will be offered prior to the start of the conference. PSB 2015 will bring together top researchers from the US, the Asian Pacific nations, and around the world to exchange research results and address open issues in all aspects of computational biology. It is a forum for the presentation of work in databases, algorithms, interfaces, visualization, modeling, and other computational methods, as applied to biological problems, with emphasis on applications in data-rich areas of molecular biology. The PSB has been designed to be responsive to the need for critical mass in sub-disciplines within biocomputing. For that reason, it is the only meeting whose sessions are defined dynamically each year in response to specific proposals. PSB sessions are organized by leaders of research in biocomputing's “hot topics.” In this way, the meeting provides an early forum for serious examination of emerging methods and approaches in this rapidly changing field. Contents: Cancer Panomics: Computational Methods and Infrastructure for Integrative Analysis of Cancer High-Throughput "OMICS" Data; Cancer Pathways: Automatic Extraction, Representation, and Reasoning in the "Big Data" ERA; Characterizing the Importance of Environmental Exposures, Interactions Between the Environment and Genetic Architecture, and Genetic Interactions: New Methods for Understanding the Etiology of Complex Traits and Disease; Crowdsourcing and Mining Crowd Data; Personalized Medicine: From Genotypes, Molecular Phenotypes and the Quantified Self, Towards Improved Medicine; Readership: Academia and industry in the fields of biocomputing, bioinformatics and computational biology.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Protein Interactions ; Metabolomics ; Biocomputing ; Computational Genetics ; Ontology ; Computational Proteomics ; Bioinformatics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 80
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Tea, made from the leaves of the Camellia senenisis plant, is the second most consumed beverage worldwide after water. Accumulating evidence from cellular, animal, epidemiological and clinical studies have linked tea consumption to various health benefits, such as chemoprevention of cancers, chronic inflammation, heart and liver diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Although such health benefits have not been consistently observed in some intervention trials, positive results from clinical trials have provided direct evidence supporting the cancer-protective effect of green tea. In addition, numerous mechanisms of action have been suggested to contribute to tea’s disease-preventive effects. Furthermore, effects of the processing and storage of tea, as well as additives on tea’s properties have been investigated.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; polyphenols ; n/a ; cell cycle arrest and apoptosis ; neuroblastoma ; salivary ?-amylase activity ; cancer apoptosis ; yaupon holly ; bioaccessibility ; fracture ; p53 ; tea ; Liubao tea ; BE(2)-C ; matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) ; catechin ; renal stone ; oxalate ; protein expression ; 67LR ; Alzheimer’s disease ; EGCG ; nutraceutical ; diseases ; anti-oxidant ; heme oxygenase-1 ; polyphenol ; anxiety ; matcha ; ERCC1/XPF ; neuro-sphere ; tea consumption ; theanine ; Rosmarinic acid ; yerba mate ; hypercalciuria ; gene expression ; microbiota ; cohort study ; histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) ; guayusa ; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) ; DNA repair ; mRNA expression ; caffeine ; chemoprevention ; cisplatin ; 6-OH-11-O-hydroxyphenanthrene ; adrenal hypertrophy ; hepatic damage ; anti-photoaging ; cell death ; green tea ; kudingcha ; suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) ; epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) ; stress-reduction ; calcium oxalate monohydrate ; Camellia sinensis ; chemoresistance ; tea polyphenols ; green tea polyphenols ; green tea catechins ; N-MYC ; cancer ; epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) ; Parkinson’s disease ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: spermatogenesis ; sperm ; capacitation ; manchette ; centriole ; cilia ; contraceptive pill ; piRNA ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 82
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The exposure of animals to environmental stresses (restraint, bad housing conditions, irradiation, pollution, diseases, and heat stress) and endogenous stresses (metabolic and physiological disorders) can seriously disrupt the redox homeostasis, leading to impairments in animals’ health and overall performance. Under these circumstances, the self-antioxidant defense system may not be enough to neutralize ROS effects. In this context, the utilization of an exogenous source of antioxidants, mainly dietary sources, may present an effective and cost-effective solution. There are a plethora of substances, either naturally occurring or synthesized (organic acids, minerals, vitamins, hormones, and specific feed additives originating from plants such as essential oils and polyphenols), known for their antioxidant activity, that can be used to maintain adequate redox status in animals in order to preserve their well-being and/or productivity. This area of research still needs more investigations in order to clearly elucidate the effective antioxidant substances that could be used in practical applications, with an emphasis on their biological mechanisms during different physiological conditions and health statuses. We intend to bring together current research concerning the role of antioxidant substances either from natural sources or those synthesized for improving animal production, reproduction, health, and welfare.
    Keywords: antinutrient ; enzyme ; fermentation ; fiber ; gut health ; microbiota ; meta-analysis ; poultry ; prebiotic ; antioxidants ; growth ; heat stress ; rabbit ; selenium ; spirulina ; zinc ; broiler ; dietary protein level ; phytogenic feed additive ; growth performance ; immune response ; exercise ; endurance ; undenatured type II collagen ; anti-inflammatory ; cardiac injury markers ; oxidative stress ; histopathology ; Bcl-2 ; Bax ; TGF-β1 ; date palm (pollen extract) ; doxorubicin ; nitrocompounds ; nitropropanol ; nitroethanol ; biochemical parameters ; oregano essential oil ; temperature ; sea bass ; cornelian cherry extract ; glucose transporter ; gene expression ; oxidative biomarker ; chicken ; cyclic heat stress ; Spirulina platensis ; redox status ; serum metabolites ; blood hematology ; meat quality ; fipronil ; boswellic acid ; PCNA ; semen ; fertility-related markers ; Oreochromis niloticus ; antioxidant ; hematology ; nitric oxide ; lysozyme ; copper toxicity ; vitamin C ; vitamin E ; hematological parameters ; phytogenic ; phenols ; antimicrobial activity ; immunity ; phenolic antioxidant ; olive oil ; caprine ; spermatozoa ; Bayesian inference ; Duroc breed boars ; biochemistry ; blood parameters ; feeding time ; correlation coefficients ; Turraea fischeri ; polyphenolics ; semen cryopreservation ; sperm ultrastructure ; antioxidant biomarker ; apoptosis ; nano particles ; performance ; blood ; pathogens ; quails ; carcass traits ; blood biochemical constituents ; abdominal fat color ; meat fatty acid profile ; liver histology ; broilers ; Eimeria tenella ; broiler chickens ; oocyst shedding ; volatile fatty acids ; feed efficiency ; cecal health ; active yeast ; antioxidant status ; nutrient density ; trace element ; laying hen performance ; high temperature ; inflammation ; cryopreservation ; tannin ; polyphenols ; semen additives ; carcass ; fructooligosaccharide ; haemato-biochemical parameters ; cecal microbiota ; propolis ; bee pollen ; productive performance ; fertility ; Holstein ; folic acid ; pregnancy ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The most common quorum sensing (QS) system in Gram-negative bacteria occurs via N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHLs) signals. An archetypical system consists of a LuxI-family protein synthesizing the AHL signal which binds at quorum concentrations to the cognate LuxR-family transcription factors which then control gene expression by binding to specific sequences in target gene promoters. QS LuxR-family proteins are approximately 250 amino acids long and made up of two domains; at the N-terminus there is an autoinducer-binding domain whereas the C-terminus contains a DNA-binding helix-turn-helix (HTH) domain. QS LuxRs display surprisingly low similarities (18-25%) even if they respond to structurally similar AHLs. 95% of LuxRs share 9 highly conserved amino acid residues; six of these are hydrophobic or aromatic and form the cavity of the AHL-binding domain and the remaining three are in the HTH domain. With only very few exceptions, the luxI/R cognate genes of AHL QS systems are located adjacent to each other. The sequencing of many bacterial genomes has revealed that many proteobacteria also possess LuxRs that do not have a cognate LuxI protein associated with them. These LuxRs have been called orphans and more recently solos. LuxR solos are widespread in proteobacterial species that possess a canonical complete AHL QS system as well as in species that do not. In many cases more than one LuxR solo is present in a bacterial genome. Scientists are beginning to investigate these solos. Are solos responding to AHL signals? If present in a bacterium which possesses a canonical AHL QS system are solos an integral part of the regulatory circuit? Are LuxR solos eavesdropping on AHLs produced by neighboring bacteria? Have they evolved to respond to different signals instead of AHLs, and are these signals endogenously produced or exogenously provided? Are they involved in interkingdom signaling by responding to eukaryotic signals? Recent studies have revealed that LuxR solos are involved in several mechanisms of cell-cell communication in bacteria implicating them in bacterial intraspecies and interspecies communication as well as in interkingdom signaling by responding to molecules produced by eukaryotes. LuxR solos are likely to become major players in signaling since they are widespread among proteobacterial genomes and because initial studies highlight their different roles in bacterial communication. This Research Topic allows scientists studying or interested in LuxR solos to report their data and/or express their hypotheses and thoughts on this important and currently understudied family of signaling proteins.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; LuxR solos ; Quorum Sensing ; signaling ; AHL ; Bacteria ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Integrative omics of plants in response to stress conditions play more crucial roles in the post-genomic era. High-quality genomic data provide more deeper understanding of how plants to survive under environmental stresses. This book is focused on concluding the recent progress in the Protein and Proteome Atlas in plants under different stresses. It covers various aspects of plant protein ranging from agricultural proteomics, structure and function of proteins, and approaches for protein identification and quantification.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; phosphoproteomics ; GLU1 ; somatic embryogenesis ; CHA-SQ-1 ; nitrogen fertilizer ; chilling stress ; differentially abundant proteins ; ATP synthase ; photosynthetic parameters ; photosynthesis ; constitutive splicing ; phosphorylation ; Jatropha curcas ; plants under stress ; postharvest freshness ; Alternanthera philoxeroides ; rubber latex ; Millettia pinnata ; molecular and biochemical basis ; filling kernel ; drought stress ; comparative proteomic analysis ; domain ; micro-exons ; phylogeny ; phos-tagTM ; E. angustifolia ; root cell elongation ; ABA ; pollen abortion ; lncRNA ; transcriptome ; radish ; redox homeostasis ; Nelumbo nucifera ; sugar beet ; shotgun proteomics ; proteomes ; high-temperature stress ; post-genomics era ; model plant ; salt tolerance ; miRNA ; wheat ; physiological response ; stress ; visual proteome map ; transcriptional dynamics ; leaf ; maize ; Dunaliella salina ; phosphatidylinositol ; S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase ; Gossypium hirsutum ; flavonoid biosynthesis ; phosphatase ; wood vinegar ; heat shock proteins ; silicate limitation ; purine metabolism ; natural rubber biosynthesis ; ancient genes ; cotton ; rubber grass ; abiotic stress ; heat stress ; maturation ; low-temperature stress ; molecular basis ; transcriptome sequencing ; ROS scavenging ; widely targeted metabolomics ; transdifferentiation ; seed development ; alternative splicing ; cultivars ; inositol ; salt stress ; chlorophyll fluorescence parameters ; proteome ; carbon fixation ; AGPase ; transcript-metabolite network ; molecular mechanisms ; Triticum aestivum L. ; Zea mays L. ; ROS ; label-free quantification ; woody oilseed plants ; heat-sensitive spinach variety ; MIPS ; quantitative proteomics ; regulated mechanism ; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ; potassium ; glutathione ; Salinity stress ; integrated omics ; diatom ; ATP synthase CF1 alpha subunit (chloroplast) ; root ; proteome atlas ; brittle-2 ; mass spectrometry ; genomics ; Taraxacum kok-saghyz ; cytomorphology ; proteomics ; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; signaling pathway ; proteomic ; loss-of-function mutant ; rice ; seedling ; wucai ; leaf sheath ; root and shoot ; antioxidant enzyme ; exon-intron structure diversity ; isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation ; regulation and metabolism ; concerted network ; drought ; heat response ; VIGS ; iTRAQ ; nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) ; stem ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 85
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This is the first book on captive animal behaviour, applied to welfare. It enables all aspects of zoo husbandry and management (nutrition, enclosure design, handling & training, enrichment, population management) to be based on a sound knowledge of the species, its evolutionary and natural history.
    Keywords: zoo biology, Husbandry evidence, Animal welfare, Zoo animal management, Enclosure design, Natural history, Refinement, Zoo research, animal enrichment ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MZ Veterinary medicine::MZD Veterinary medicine: large animals ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNG Domestic animals and pets::WNGF Fishes as pets and aquaria ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNG Domestic animals and pets::WNGS Reptiles and amphibians as pets ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology::RNCB Biodiversity ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSC Developmental biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences::PSVC Zoology: fishes (ichthyology) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences::PSVA Zoology: invertebrates ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences::PSVM Zoology: mammals (mammalogy) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences::PSVJ Zoology: birds (ornithology) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences::PSVP Ethology and animal behaviour ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming
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  • 86
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint contains 12 high-quality original research papers by 74 authors from 17 countries on 3 continents: Asia (China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Russia), Europe (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom), and North America (USA). These papers were published in a Special Issue, “Performance and Modification of Wood and Wood-Based Materials”, of the journal Forests. They provide examples concerning conventional and novel modification processes of wood and wood-based materials, their improved/modified properties, and their relevant applications.
    Keywords: heat treatment ; Chinese fir ; TD-NMR ; free water ; bound water ; MC ; birch wood ; spent engine oil ; water resistance ; biostability ; dimensional stability ; black alder ; birch ; color ; varnish system ; surface pre-treatment ; sanding ; thermal compression ; artificial aging ; wood plastic composite ; rubberwood ; polyethylene terephthalate ; silica ; thermo-hydro-mechanical densification ; Scots pine ; creep compliance ; thermal modification ; resin impregnation ; wood ; Maillard reaction ; thermal/chemical treatment ; mechanical properties ; infrared spectroscopy ; biological properties ; thermo-hydro-mechanical treatment ; molecular dynamics ; wood cellulose ; Acacia hybrid ; fast-growing ; copper chrome arsenic ; physical and mechanical properties ; coir fiber ; alkali treatment ; parameter optimization ; black locust wood ; ThermoWood process ; colour ; extractives ; chemical changes ; FTIR spectroscopy ; thermal densification ; plywood properties ; wood veneers ; Eucalyptus urograndis ; Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis ; infection classes ; chemical analysis ; FTIR analysis ; fungal decay ; termite attack ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAL Forestry industry
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  • 87
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The Special Issue “Extractable and Non-Extractable Antioxidants” gives an updated view on antioxidants—both in their extractable and non-extractable form—in the different food groups, their products thereof, and food preparations as well as byproducts and biomass waste. The potential beneficial properties of these compounds and nutraceutical formulations are described in the various studies covered in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; biorefinery ; polyphenols ; polymerization ; n/a ; black teas ; nutrient ; ultrasound assisted extraction ; cyclodextrin ; HPLC-ESI/MS ; legumes ; degradation ; LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS ; antioxidant activity ; forest residues ; multivariate analysis ; bio-based ; chemometrics ; extractable polyphenols ; extractable compounds ; pre-column HPLC method ; Cagnulari marc ; antioxidant capacity ; flour ; total polyphenol content (TPC) ; digestibility ; ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) ; natural antioxidants ; dietary assessment. ; eggplant ; antioxidant ; botanicals ; anthocyanins ; trans-cinnamaldehyde ; anti-inflammation ; cereals ; functional ingredient ; food composition database ; agglomerative hierarchical clustering ; circular economy ; fermentation ; Aloysia triphylla ; Naviglio Extractor® ; flavonols glycosides ; self-inclusion ; phenolic contents ; grape seed ; integrated food research ; antioxidants ; dedicated databases ; phenolic compounds ; non-extractable compounds ; value-added by-products ; phenolic acids ; dietary supplements ; berries jam ; phenolics ; inclusion complex ; sour cherry ; Pleurotus ostreatus ; catechins ; proanthocyanidins ; Chinese mistletoes ; nuclear magnetic spectroscopy ; nitric oxide scavengers ; quercitrin ; endothelial cell ; polyphenolic compounds ; Italian popular recipes ; green extraction ; non-extractable polyphenols ; classic extraction ; study approach ; daidzein ; ?-cyclodextrin ; Camellia sinensis ; antioxidant properties ; digestive enzyme ; extractable ; bioactive compounds ; principal component analysis ; non-extractable ; oxidative stress ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 88
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which was previously considered to be toxic, is now regarded as a burgeoning endogenous gaseous transmitter. H2S plays a vital role in the mechanism of response/adaptation to adverse environmental conditions as well as crosstalk with other signaling molecules, including ROS, by affecting the corresponding gene expression and subsequent enzyme activities. Both H2S and ROS are potent signaling molecules that can provoke reversible and irreversible oxidative post-translational modifications on cysteine residues of proteins such as sulfenylation or persulfidation, affecting the redox status and function of the target proteins. The dynamic interplay between persulfidation and sulfenylation occurring on cysteine residues is of great importance in response to environmental changes.The present Special Issue of IJMS has the aim of providing the most current findings on the function of signaling molecules, including H2S and ROS, in higher plants, and it is open to different types of manuscripts, including original research papers, perspectives, or reviews where either ROS, H2S, or related molecules could be involved at the biochemical or physiological levels.
    Keywords: antioxidant defense systems ; Cd stress ; hydrogen sulfide ; melatonin ; oxidative stress ; transportation and sequestration ; nitric oxide ; abscisic acid ; Ca2+ ; hydrogen peroxide ; abiotic stresses ; signal transmitters ; stomatal movement ; persulfidation ; drought stress ; nitrate reductase ; l-cysteine desulfhydrase ; chilling stress ; indole-3-acetic acid ; signaling pathway ; calcium deficiency ; endogenous H2S ; reactive oxygen species ; ERF2-bHLH2-CML5 module ; postharvest storage quality ; tomato ; cysteine desulfhydrase ; leaf senescence ; ARF ; auxin ; cold stress ; cucumber ; DREB ; module ; resistance ; root growth ; heavy metal ; salt ; DES1 ; ABI4 ; protein stability ; Brassica rapa ; mercury ; selenium ; biotic stress ; abiotic stress ; salicylic acid ; jasmonic acid ; ethylene ; phytohormones ; Arabidopsis ; manganese stress ; L-cysteine desulfhydrase ; antioxidant enzyme ; Allium ; garlic ; gas detector ; ion-selective microelectrode ; isozymes ; RBOHs ; signaling networks ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: After successful government-led afforestation projects, what are the challenges for forest management in the face of climate change in East Asia? This reprint presents studies from the natural and social sciences related to forest conservation, engineering, disaster sociology, and forest policy in China and Japan. The papers cover a range of topics, including forest owners' attitudes, forest resource utilization, evaluation of forestry mechanization and forest roads, characteristics of damage from torrential rains, resilience of rural communities, economic transformation, and others.
    Keywords: Yangtze River Delta ; forest resources abundance ; economic development ; ESG ; sustainable management ; corporate social responsibility (CSR) ; non-financial disclosure ; emerging market ; key state-owned forest area ; system coupling ; ecological construction ; economic transformation ; grey relational analysis (GRA) ; extreme value analysis ; daily rainfall ; floods ; rainfall-induced landslides ; regional frequency analysis ; station-year method ; Kyushu region ; CO2 emission ; forestry ; Gifu Prefecture ; input–output analysis ; renewable energy ; ripple effect ; eco-efficiency ; sustainable development ; forestry resources ; New Scheme of Forest Management ; Forest Management Law ; private forest ; small-scale forestry ; typology of forest owners ; Japan ; bearing capacity ; road construction method ; roadbed strength ; soil ; spur road ; forest road failure ; streamside ; stream crossing ; zero-order basin ; relative risk ; seisan shinrin kumiai ; ninka chien dantai ; common property resource ; developed countries ; external policy influence ; forest management activities ; local landscape ; observation ; depopulation ; municipal government ; local identity ; revitalization ; outsiders ; collaboration ; resilience ; small-scale forest road ; UAV ; Structure from Motion (SfM) ; earthwork volume ; under tree canopy ; productivity ; harvesting system ; processor tower yarder ; combined machine productivity ; combined labor productivity ; afforestation ; under-utilization ; forestry operation ; clearcutting ; economic losses ; societal losses ; rural community ; disaster-resilient forestry ; East Asia ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAL Forestry industry
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The book ""Quality and Production of Forage"" is intended to keep readers updatedon the developments occurring in this field. As it is apparent that livestockanimals are important throughout the world because of the meat, milk and eggthey produce, knowledge about the forages available to animals must also beconsidered for increased production, quality and efficiency. This book providesinformation that readers will find considerably invaluable about forage feeds, suchas grass, legumes, and straw. The book is composed of ten papers, focusing on awide range of research activities and topics that feature the following concepts offorage: the effect of conservation method on forage protein value; Microbial thecomposition and mycotoxin content in forage; genetic diversity of forages; timelysowing to maximize yield for both grain and biomass; ensiling treatments onforage quality; the qualitative characteristics of different accessions of new foragespecies; forage policy influencing feed costs; feeding forage on animal health;high-protein tropical forages as alternative sources for poultry; impact of foragesin poultry diet and significance of forages in sustainable poultry productionsystems. This book will be an invaluable reference for students and professionalsin agricultural science and grassland and animal husbandry researches.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; annual clover ; corn ; plant height ; forage production ; feed costs ; wilting ; population density ; Moringa oleifera ; alfalfa ; livestock ; digestibility ; hay ; sowing date ; biomass production ; clover ; tropical forages ; sustainability ; alternative protein ; plant ; animal ; dry matter ; genetic diversity ; chicken ; zearalenone ; production system ; forage ; energy balance ; grain yield ; nutritional composition ; deoxynivalenol ; grass ; silage ; policy ; path analysis ; poultry ; in vitro organic matter digestibility ; nitrogen ; nitrogen balance ; beneficial use ; lucerne ; forage yield ; anti-nutritional factors ; N fixation ; fungi ; planting ; markers ; crude protein ; epiphytic microflora ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 91
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: epigenetics ; calcium signaling and signal transduction ; cell biology and cell fate ; fertilisation ; Preimplantation development ; reprogramming ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Iron is an essential element for almost all organisms, a cofactor playing a crucial role in a number of vital functions, including oxygen transport, DNA synthesis, and respiration. However, its ability to exchange electrons renders excess iron potentially toxic, since it is capable of catalyzing the formation of highly poisonous free radicals. As a consequence, iron homeostasis is tightly controlled by sophisticated mechanisms that have been partially elucidated. Because of its biological importance, numerous disorders have been recently linked to the deregulation of iron homeostasis, which include not only the typical disorders of iron overload and deficiency but also cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. This leads iron metabolism to become an interesting therapeutic target for novel pharmacological treatments against these diseases. Several therapies are currently under development for hematological disorders, while other are being considered for different pathologies. The therapeutic targeting under study includes the hepcidin/ferroportin axis for the regulation of systemic iron homeostasis, complex cytosolic machineries for the regulation of the intracellular iron status and its association with oxidative damage, and reagents exploiting proteins of iron metabolism such as ferritin and transferrin receptor. A promising potential target is a recently described form of programmed cell death named ferroptosis, in which the role of iron is essential but not completely clarified. This Special Issue has the aim to summarize the state-of-the-art, and the latest findings published in the iron field, as well as to elucidate future directions.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QD415-436 ; Q1-390 ; developmental ; Anemia of chronic disease ; neurodegeneration ; supplementation ; MHC ; iron chelation therapy ; osteoblast ; serum biomarker ; FeSO4 ; haptoglobin ; prevention ; brain development ; pituitary ; trauma ; hepcidin ; Alzheimer’s disease ; chaotropes ; social behavior ; Africa ; macrophage ; anemia of inflammation ; Tfr2 ; chelation ; cardiomyocyte ; IV iron therapy ; Oxidative stress ; treatment ; chronic kidney disease ; iron homeostasis ; oxygen sensing ; iron chelators ; age-related macular degeneration (AMD) ; pharmaceutical targets ; non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) ; iron dextran ; pulmonary arterial hypertension ; labile iron ; low and middle income countries ; ferroportin ; gut microbiota ; reducibility ; non-HFE ; oxidative stress ; antitumor compound ; senescence ; electron transfer ; nanotechnology ; iron deficiency ; neonatal period ; heme oxygenase ; hypoxia ; Anemia ; NCOA4 ; patient blood management ; microbiome ; anemia ; iron mobilization ; iron release ; phlebotomy ; peritoneal dialysis ; Friedreich Ataxia ; ferritin ; CD8+ T cells ; M cells ; neurodegenerative disease ; NaFeEDTA ; vascular calcification ; cinnamic acid derivatives ; oral iron salts ; lipid ; acute lung injury ; Iron-sulfur ; Interleukin-6 ; neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation ; macrophages ; erythroblastic islands ; cystic fibrosis ; neuroimmune responses ; flavin nucleotide ; hemopexin ; Iron chelators ; nutrient iron ; developing countries ; hereditary hypoferritinemia ; iron ; cancer ; Indonesia ; n/a ; Hfe ; HFE ; chronic heart failure ; iron supplementation ; intestinal inflammation ; TNF ; chelators ; hemolysis ; children ; pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells ; cytokines ; didox ; intravenous iron ; T lymphocytes ; colorectal cancer ; infants ; liver ; ferritinophagy ; hereditary hyperferritinemia ; SCFA ; rheumatoid arthritis ; membrane interactions ; Sucrosomial® iron ; lung ; Kupffer cell ; iron chelation ; erythrophagocytosis ; acute kidney injury ; neurophysiology ; iron transporters ; iron absorption ; infection ; ferroptosis ; fluorescent iron chelator ; neonatal ; SNC ; immunity ; mycobacteria ; non-haem iron ; natural history ; 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone ; haem ; inflammation ; bone homeostasis ; cardiovascular disease ; heme ; heme homeostasis ; protein binding ; brain ; iron deficiency anemia ; Fe2+-chelating activity ; bioengineering ; Mek/Erk ; Bmp/Smad ; iron delivery ; genetic hemochromatosis ; osteoclast ; histidine ; rhodamine ; COPD ; hemorrhage ; antibacterial activity ; bacteria ; SLC40A1 ; transferrin receptor ; drug delivery ; nanocage ; soybean seed ferritin ; pig ; iron metabolism ; kidney ; innate immunity ; cataracts syndrome ; erythropoiesis ; obesity ; mucosal immunity ; iron overload ; fluorophore ; binding ability ; inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ; osteoporosis ; biomarker ; bioavailability ; adverse event profile ; metabolism ; iron-carbohydrate complex ; kinetics ; flavonoids ; iron regulatory proteins ; lung infection ; non transferrin bound iron ; central nurse macrophage ; iron processing ; malaria ; neurodegenerative diseases ; multifunctional iron chelators ; retina ; neuroinflammation ; anti-hepcidin therapy ; lung diseases ; anaemia ; RRM2 ; cognition ; mitochondria ; therapy ; NBIA ; red pulp macrophage ; efficacy ; hemochromatosis ; tolerability ; oral iron therapy ; growth ; venesections ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In this chapter, we provide a systematic review of the biological perspective in entrepreneurship. Specifically, we systematically review research linking the three biological strands of genetics, physiology, and neuroscience to entrepreneurship. We discuss the findings of this growing literature and how incorporating biology into the study of entrepreneurship can enhance our understanding of various entrepreneurial outcomes. We then discuss the mechanisms through which biology affects entrepreneurship. Finally, we conclude with directions for future research.
    Keywords: biological perspective ; biology ; genetics ; physiology ; neuroscience ; psychology research ; entrepeneurship ; entrepeneur ; systematic review ; DNA ; quantitative genetics ; molecular genetics ; environmental factors ; gene studies ; hormone ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Consumer interest in plant-based diets has been rapidly increasing in the past decade. Non-dairy and non-meat alternatives have gone mainstream. New products are appearing in the marketplace continually. The marketplace has been driven recently by millennials and flexitarians. Food companies have focused on providing nutritious food products that satisfy the demand for alternative items that look and taste like their animal counterparts. The marketplace wants products that improve human and planetary health worldwide. Questions have arisen as to how nutritionally sound and healthy are these products. How sustainable are these plant-based diets? How significantly do they alter traditional dietary patterns? What impact do they have on food security? Do these plant-based meat and dairy alternatives help lessen environmental degradation? Are the new products considered ultra-processed foods? What are the barriers and motivations that drive people to switch to a plant-based diet? Will plant-based diets help in the goal to greatly diminish malnutrition and over-nutrition (leading to obesity) around the world? These questions challenge scientists to provide meaningful answers through their ongoing research. Some of these issues are discussed in this reprint, based upon the latest research.
    Keywords: planetary health ; Paris agreement ; linear programming ; nutrition ; greenhouse gas emission ; alternative diets ; sustainability ; flexitarian ; vegetarian ; vegan ; plant-based meat alternatives ; nutrient intakes ; dairy alternative ; dairy substitute ; cheese analogues ; vegan cheese ; vegetarian cheese ; plant-based alternatives ; pregnancy ; nutritional requirements ; food production system ; environment ; diet ; meat replacement ; non-meat protein source ; environmental sustainability ; consumer preference ; food choice ; non-dairy yogurt alternatives ; plant-based yogurts ; nutrient composition ; fortification ; calcium ; vitamin D ; vitamin B12 ; protein ; sugar ; plant-based diets ; microbiome ; CV disease ; diabetes ; bone health ; life cycle ; pea proteins ; plant proteins ; sarcopenia ; skeletal muscle ; protein digestibility ; muscle protein metabolism ; chronic kidney disease ; implementation ; barriers ; enablers ; cross-sectional survey ; qualitative research ; food waste ; global warming ; vegetarian meals ; hospital setting ; plant based ; public health ; pregnancy complications ; preterm delivery ; small for gestational age ; preeclampsia ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This book is generally focused on food choice and which factors are associated with the decisions that define people’s eating behaviour. These factor are highly variable and include influences from the surrounding environment as well as the individual characteristics of each person. The book includes a number of chapters that address these issues from different points of view. Some explore the psychology of food choices or the cultural aspects and tradition, as well as the influence of surrounding contexts. Others focus on the role of lifestyle on eating practices and health motivations, but also the food marketing and the sensory aspects of food, as a way to incentive consumption. Finally, sustainability concerns and environmental impacts can also shape and help change people’s food choices.Within the chapters gathered on this book you will find key topics that apply to everyday food choices or that can help target food consumption goals towards better health, more sustainable food chains and happier life styles.
    Keywords: eating determinants ; healthy diet ; emotions ; feeding behavior ; socio-cultural environment ; instrument validation ; edible flowers ; food security ; gourmet kitchen ; knowledge ; questionnaire survey ; supercritical CO2-drying ; beetroot snacks ; preference mapping ; mean drop analysis ; perceptions ; healthy eating ; emotional motivations ; individual differences ; perceived risk ; functional risk ; psychological risk ; social risk ; physical risk ; negative past experiences ; structural equation modeling ; consumer behavior ; buying intention ; consumer acceptance ; marketing innovation ; price ; beverages ; milk permeate ; wheat bran ; fruit/berry by-products ; antimicrobial properties ; antioxidant properties ; overall acceptability ; emotions induced for consumers ; literature survey ; Scopus ; brands ; consumer preferences ; milk ; cheese ; butter ; yogurt ; authenticity scale ; genuine ; cheese specialty ; country-of-origin labels ; product identification ; stated willingness to consume ; food choices ; health ; motivation ; BMI ; food behavior ; education ; food choice ; food consumption ; university ; workplace ; determinants ; barriers ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Targeted therapy has developed significantly in the last one and half decades, prescribing specific medications for treatment of particular diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. One of the most exciting recent developments in targeted therapies was the isolation of disease-specific molecules from natural resources, such as animal venoms and plant metabolites/toxins, for use as templates for new drug motif designs. In addition, the study of venom proteins/peptides and toxins naturally targeted mammalian receptors and demonstrated high specificity and selectivity towards defined ion channels of cell membranes. Research has also focsed intensely on receptors. The focus of this Special Issue of Toxins addressed the most recent advances using animal venoms, such as frog secretions, bee/ant venoms and plant/fungi toxins, as medicinal therapy. Recent advances in venom/toxin/immunotoxins for targeted cancer therapy and immunotherapy, along with using novel disease-specific venom-based protein/peptide/toxin and currently available FDA-approved drugs for combinationtreatments will be discussed. Finally, we included an overview of select promising toad/snake venom-based peptides/toxins potentially able to address the forthcoming challenges in this field. Both research and review articles proposing novelties or overviews, respectively, were published in this Special Issue after rigorous evaluation and revision by expert peer reviewers.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; cane toad ; n/a ; B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma ; Malaysian cobras ; complement system ; decay accelerating factor ; neuroblastoma ; atopic dermatitis ; complement dependent cytotoxicity ; antioxidant enzymes ; bacterial adhesion ; cancer therapy ; N. kaouthia ; anuran skin secretion ; frog ; Apis mellifera syriaca ; solid phase extraction ; bee venom phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2) ; disintegrin ; toad toxins ; immunotoxins ; ribosome-inactivating proteins ; antimicrobial peptide (AMP) ; drug design ; Moxetumomab pasudotox ; snake venom ; antiviral activity ; in vitro effects ; bombesin-related peptide ; oxidative stress biomarkers ; half-life ; blood vessel formation ; target therapy ; 2 ; MYCN ; indolealkylamines ; Huachansu ; membrane attack complex ; bouganin ; bee venom ; SEM ; anticancer activity ; antimicrobial peptide ; house dust mite extract (DFE) ; mannose receptor ; O. hannah ; bicarinalin ; gastric cells ; melittin ; LC-ESI-MS ; dermaseptin ; smooth muscle ; apoptosis ; anticancer ; N. sumatrana ; Helicobacter pylori ; inflammation ; immunotherapy ; atopic dermatitis (AD) ; immunotoxin ; mantle cell lymphoma ; clearance ; mass spectrometry ; Bougainvillea ; rRNA N-glycosylase activity ; fungal toxin ; skin inflammation ; targeted therapy ; 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) ; Bee venom ; VEGF ; Chansu ; bufadienolides ; obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) ; BLF1 ; antimicrobial activity ; orellanine ; VB6-845 ; acute lymphoblastic leukemia ; ribosome-inactivating protein ; CD206 ; molecular cloning ; cancer ; CD22 ; eIF4A ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This textbook is dedicated to the study of genetic factors contributing to autism and includes a collection of original research and review articles related to this topic. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) include a collection of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by three recognized behavioral domains involving difficulties in communication, social interaction and repetitive behavior. ASD affects 1 to 2 percent of children and is on the increase worldwide. Significant genetic contributions and mechanisms underlie the causation of ASD. Advances in genetic technology and better awareness have led to a diagnosis of 50 to 70 percent of individuals with ASD primarily due to chromosomal abnormalities, submicroscopic deletions or duplications now identified with high-resolution microarray analysis, next-generation DNA (exome) sequencing of gene variants or mutations, recognized single gene disorders or metabolic disturbances. Through discovery by searching genomic databases and peer-reviewed research articles, nearly 800 genes have been identified to contribute to ASD. Highlights in the field of autism research, discovery and identification of genetic components with characterization will be addressed. Furthermore, reviews of current understanding of the causes and diagnostic approaches for ASD and related syndromes will be presented along with discussion of psychiatric/behavior comorbidities and related features, environmental risk factors, parental attitudes and treatment.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; genetic ; treatment ; genes ; biomarkers ; copy number variants and mutations ; genetic factors ; next generation DNA exome sequencing and functional analysis ; autism and autism spectrum disorders ; causation and etiology ; reviews ; neurodevelopment and physiology testing ; syndromes ; environmental risk factors ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The Special Issue to provide a forum for contemporary studies of the genetics, genomics and phenomics of productivity traits in forage and bioenergy grasses, along with the application of such data to breeding practices and cultivar development.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; forage grass ; biomass ; protein content ; lignocellulosic content ; persistence ; seasonal yield ; soluble carbohydrates ; bioenergy grass ; herbage digestibility ; biofermentation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Intensive agriculture has generally resulted in higher productivity, but also in a trend towards decreasing levels of agro-biodiversity, which represents a key point in ensuring the adaptability and resilience of agro-ecosystems in the global challenge to produce more and better food in a sustainable way. The biodiversity of vegetable crops includes genetic diversity—both as species diversity (interspecific diversity) and as a diversity of genes within a species (intraspecific diversity) with regard to the vegetable varieties grown—and the diversity of agro-ecosystems (agro-biodiversity). The purpose of this Special Issue is to publish high-quality research papers addressing recent progress and perspectives on different aspects related to the biodiversity of vegetable crops. Original, high-quality contributions that have not yet been published, or that are not currently under review by other journals have been sought. The papers in this Special Issue cover a broad range of aspects and report recent research results regarding agro-biodiversity, which continues to be of significant relevance for both genetic and agricultural applications. All contributions are of significant relevance and could stimulate further research in this area.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; polyphenols ; landraces ; artichoke ; wild edible plants ; microsatellite marker ; mountain agriculture ; HPLC analyses ; Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile ; apulian landraces ; traditional crops ; genetic reserve ; landrace ; meristem-tip culture ; databases ; long storage time ; Tanzania ; cultivated vegetables ; crop wild relative ; history ; safeguarding ; nutrition ; conservation ; Crithmum maritimum L. ; Italy ; crop population ; Tiggiano carrot ; germplasm ; local varieties ; in situ conservation ; homegardens ; thermotherapy ; genetic resources ; Solanum lycopersicum L. ; plant genetic resources ; recovery ; vegetables ; sanitation ; agriculture ; ecology ; domestication ; heavy metal ; ecotype ; cropping patterns ; virus-sanitation ; agrobiodiversity ; ecotypes ; Apium graveolens ; genetic distance ; genetic variability ; plant genetic resources populations ; food safety ; neglected and underutilized species ; heirloom ; geographical origin area ; seed bank ; climate change adaptation ; bioactive compounds ; genetic differentiation ; growing substrate ; characterization ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Biomass can be converted to energy, biofuels, and bioproducts via thermochemical conversion processes, such as combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification. Combustion technology is most widely applied on an industrial scale. However, biomass gasification and pyrolysis processes are still in the research and development stage. The major products from these processes are syngas, bio-oil, and char (called also biochar for agronomic application). Among these products, biomass chars have received increasing attention for different applications, such as gasification, co-combustion, catalysts or adsorbents precursors, soil amendment, carbon fuel cells, and supercapacitors. This Special Issue provides an overview of biomass char production methods (pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, etc.), characterization techniques (e.g., scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, nitrogen adsorption, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature programmed desorption and mass spectrometry), their properties, and their suitable recovery processes.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; n/a ; Boudouard reaction in gasification ; Chinese reed ; underground coal gasification ; food waste ; kinetic models ; fixed bed combustor ; reactor modelling ; AAEMs ; anaerobic digestion ; grape marc ; adsorption isotherms ; Texaco pilot plant ; biomass valorization ; food waste compost ; CH4 adsorption ; gaseous emissions ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) ; waste wood ; coconut shells ; kinetic model ; char oxidation ; low-rank coal char ; nutrients ; characteristic time analysis ; kinetic parameters ; ash from biomass ; combustion parameters ; biomass ; thermal characteristics ; biocrude ; reaction kinetics ; sludge cake ; gasification ; pellets ; characterization ; ash layer ; energy recovery efficiency ; internal diffusion resistance ; FT-IR ; giant miscanthus ; pyrolysis ; olive mill solid wastes (OMSWs) ; food-waste biochar ; melting phenomenon ; chemisorption ; steam gasification ; NaCl template ; biomass production ; textural characterization ; desalination ; ash fusion temperature (AFT) ; thermogravimetric analysis ; combustion ; chemical speciation ; sawdust ; NaCl ; effective diffusion coefficient ; kinetics ; breakthrough curves ; biochar engineering ; biochar ; amino acid ; high heating value (HHV) ; salty food waste ; ELECTRE III ; interferences ; multicriteria model ; pyrrole ; interactions ; biogas purification ; fertilisation ; NOx ; pyrolysis conditions ; steam ; partial combustion reaction in gasification ; CO2 adsorption ; poultry slaughterhouse ; hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) ; calorific value ; oxygen enrichment ; porosity ; nitrogen ; hydrothermal carbonization ; thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) ; MTDATA ; activated carbon ; active site ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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