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  • 101
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: How is digitalization of the offshore oil industry fundamentally changing how we understand work and ways of knowing? Digitalization sits at the forefront of public and academic conversation today, calling into question how we work and how we know. In Digital Oil, Eric Monteiro uses the Norwegian offshore oil and gas industry as a lens to investigate the effects of digitalization on embodied labor and, in doing so, shows how our use of new digital technology transforms work and knowing. For years, roughnecks have performed the dangerous and unwieldy work of extracting the oil that lies three miles below the seabed along the Norwegian continental shelf. Today, the Norwegian oil industry is largely digital, operated by sensors and driven by data. Digital representations of physical processes inform work practices and decision-making with remotely operated, unmanned deep-sea facilities. Drawing on two decades of in-depth interviews, observations, news clips, and studies of this industry, Monteiro dismantles the divide between the virtual and the physical in Digital Oil. What is gained or lost when objects and processes become algorithmic phenomena with the digital inferred from the physical? How can data-driven work practices and operational decision-making approximate qualitative interpretation, professional judgement, and evaluation? How are emergent digital platforms and infrastructures, as machineries of knowing, enabling digitalization? In answering these questions Monteiro offers a novel analysis of digitalization as an effort to press the limits of quantification of the qualitative.
    Keywords: digitalization ; datafication ; data science ; quantification of quality ; work practices ; knowing ; digital transformation ; offshore oil and gas ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMK Knowledge management
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  • 102
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint sought high-quality contributions that highlight novel research results and emerging applications, addressing recent breakthroughs in UAS autonomous navigation and related fields, such as flight mechanics and control, structural design, sensor design, etc. The topics of interest included the following: two-dimensional and three-dimensional mapping, target detection, and obstacle avoidance; the active perception of targets in cluttered environments (foliage, forests, etc.); vision-based and optical flow techniques; sensors and sensor fusion techniques; design models for guidance and controlled flight; state estimation, data analysis and filtering techniques (KF, EKF, particle filtering, fuzzy logic, etc.); path planning and path management; optimal control and strategies (neural networks, fuzzy logic, reinforcement learning, evolutionary and genetic algorithms, AI, etc.); navigation in GPS-denied environments; autolanding and safe landing area definition (SLAD); environmental effects on UAVs (wind, etc.); autonomous UAV or MAV swarms, and distributed architectures; BVLOS autonomous navigation.
    Keywords: quadcopter ; unnamed aerial vehicle ; dynamic model ; PID controller ; fuzzy logic ; genetic algorithm ; intelligent control ; unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) ; IMU ; pressure sensors ; angle-of-attack estimation ; autonomous flight ; flight mechanics ; flight maneuvers ; hybrid data and model driven ; key-frame ; motion primitives ; iterative learning ; sliding mode control ; unmanned arial vehicles ; trajectory tracking ; air data system ; flow angle ; angle-of-attack ; angle-of-sideslip ; flight dynamics ; flight testing ; synthetic sensor ; analytical redundancy ; model-free ; physics-based ; flying ad-hoc network (FANET) ; millimeter-wave (mmWave) ; neighbor discovery ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; free-space optical communication ; spatial mode diversity ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; emergency recovery communications ; floods ; beach litter ; object detection ; drone surveys ; unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) ; deep learning ; yolov5 ; geolocation ; litter monitoring ; beach cleaning ; digital elevation models ; unmanned aircraft systems ; ZED 2 stereo camera ; indoor localization ; real-time application ; sensor integrity ; collision avoidance ; sensor fusion ; unmanned vehicles ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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  • 103
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint focuses on the application of ventilation and indoor air quality (IAQ) in different settings, and is centred around different indoor environments and policymaking issues. It also explores how issues around health, IAQ and ventilation have evolved through the COVID-19 crisis. In connection with the growing need to determine and assess IAQ, new research seeks to test and investigate new methodologies based on research topics which include an increasing number of harmful substances and test methods. Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality ultimately aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive range of case studies, seeking to solve ventilation and IAQ issues from different perspectives. It presents 19 chapters related to regulations, homes, modelling, field studies, and technology related to ventilation and IAQ. Overall, this reprint provides state-of-the-art analysis and reviews so that readers with any level of prior knowledge of ventilation and IAQ are introduced to the latest research on these issues. This reprint was written to inspire and stimulate the development of further multidisciplinary research on IAQ issues.
    Keywords: indoor air quality ; indoor pollution ; ventilation ; regulations ; homes ; modelling ; field studies ; technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 104
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This volume comprises the first collection of papers submitted by the Editorial Board Members (EBMs) of the journal Mathematical and Computational Applications (MCA), as well as outstanding scholars working in the core research fields of MCA. This collection typifies the most insightful and influential original articles regarding key topics in these fields.
    Keywords: applied mathematics ; differential equations ; mathematical modelling ; numerical analysis ; numerical simulation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 105
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint is tightly related to minerals engineering. The solution mining (heap leaching, in situ leaching, etc.) offers an environmentally friendly, low-cost, and efficient method to extract these minerals, especially copper sulfides (chalcopyrite, chalcocite, etc.), sandstone uranium, and sandstone gold deposits. After years of development, solution mining has made great progress, but it has also encountered some technical bottlenecks. To better understand the current status of low-grade minerals and mine wastes recovery, we carefully collected 13 contributions in this Special Issue, which are mainly divided into following three aspects:· Reaction mechanisms of chemical/bio-leaching—includes the leaching kinetics of copper sulfides, assisted leaching (chloride acidic leaching, iodide assisted leaching, etc.), in situ leaching of uranium and salt deposits, etc.· Process detection, characterization, and visualization—includes the detection of reaction products, visualization of fluid flow and mass transfer, pore strucutre characterization of leaching systems (ore-packed beds, etc.), microbial successions of leaching bacteria, etc.· Recovery, recycle, and reuse of mine wastes—includes cleaner leaching, disposal or production methods (dump leaching, etc.), the recovery of mine waste (waste rock, tailings, etc.), assessment of operations problems, etc.
    Keywords: unsaturated packed bed ; liquid holdup ; hysteresis behavior ; stepwise irrigation ; heap leaching ; flow behavior ; process mineralogy ; tailings ; cassiterite ; REE ; mineral liberation ; quantitative mineralogy ; ultrafine tailing ; flocculating sedimentation ; floc microstructure ; fractal dimension ; gray value ; RCF layered composite material (RCF) ; mechanical properties ; acoustic emission (AE) ; energy dissipation ; damage constitutive model ; rock–backfill composite materials (RBCM) ; energy dissipation mechanism ; microcrack evolution ; low-grade ore ; metal recovery ; metallurgical methods ; bioleaching ; environmental pollution ; feasibility ; pollucite ; mineralogical characteristics ; tailing ; froth flotation ; solid-waste filling ; roof-contacted rate ; influencing factors of roof connection ; regulation and improvement of roof-connection measures ; downhole uranium mining ; X-ray phase studies ; particle size characteristics ; uranium leaching ; tube ; stope stability ; subsidence area ; stress distribution ; displacement deformation ; 3Dmine–Rhino3D–FLAC3D coupling ; underground mining ; gem mining waste ; rare-earth elements ; Sri Lankan gems ; tailing management ; uranium ; magnesium slag ; resource utilization ; physicochemical properties ; backfilling mining ; magnesium slag-based cementitious materials ; agglomerated heap ; liquid retention ; solute transport ; fluid flow ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTU Mining technology and engineering
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  • 106
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent decades, metals have been considered promising materials in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Metallic bio-materials with excellent mechanical strength can effectively support and replace damaged tissue. Hence, metals have been widely used in load-bearing applications for dentistry and orthopedics. Cobalt-, iron-, and titanium (Ti)-based alloys are representative bio-metals, which are used in various forms, such as vascular stents, hip joints, dental, and orthopedic implants. However, the alloying elements of Co- and Fe-based alloys, Co, Ni, and Cr, induce severe toxicity when ionized in the body, which limits their clinical use. However, Ti and its alloys have been widely used as medical devices and implants, with dental and orthopedic applications due to their excellent bone-regeneration ability, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance. Even though Ti and its alloys have generally been used for biomedical applications, there are still challenges that must be met to satisfy their clinical application. For example, osseointegration with the surrounding bone tissue at the initial stage of implantation has been pointed to as a major issue. This Special Issue, “Titanium and Its Alloys for Biomedical Applications”, has been proposed to present recent developments in biomedical applications. The nine research articles included in this Special Issue cover broad aspects of Ti-based alloys and composites with respect to their composition, mechanical, and biological properties, as highlighted in this editorial.
    Keywords: metal–matrix composites ; titanium alloy design ; microstructures ; mechanical properties ; biocomposites ; powder metallurgy ; high power impulse magnetron sputtering ; zinc oxide ; tantalum oxide ; thin film ; plasma electrolytic oxidation ; antibacterial ; biocompatibility ; ultraprecision magnetic abrasive finishing (UPMAF) ; environmentally friendly oil ; Ni-Ti stent wire ; surface roughness (Ra) ; removed diameter (RD) ; Ti alloys ; martensitic transformation ; recoverable strain ; synchrotron X-ray diffraction ; Ti6Al4V ; centrifugal casting ; ion implantation ; human osteoblast ; grade V titanium ; mini transitional implants ; narrow diameter implant ; backscattered electrons ; Ti-based biomaterials ; toxicity ; β-phase ; ω-phase ; CALPHAD ; artificial intelligence ; deep learning artificial neural network (DLANN) ; self-organizing maps (SOM) ; titanium ; surface treatment ; HA blasting ; sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) ; anodic oxidation (AO) ; micro-arc oxidation (MAO) ; graphene oxide ; electrophoretic deposition ; implant ; biomolecule ; complex ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 107
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: 'Nature-based solutions' (NbS) is an umbrella term for ecosystem-based approaches. It focuses on actions and policies that are in harmony with natural principles to achieve development goals and addressing challenges, while benefitting human livelihoods and the environment. The reprint contains empirical studies and systematic reviews regarding, inter alia, natural and green infrastructures, ecosystem-based management approaches, ecosystem and biodiversity conservation, ecosystem-based adaptation and climate change adaptation, and nature-based recreational activities.
    Keywords: biodiversity conservation and management ; bioeconomy ; climate change mitigation and adaptation ; constructed wetlands ; ecosystem-based management ; ecosystem services ; green infrastructures ; green hotels ; nature-based tourism ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 108
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The urgently needed carbon neutral economy requires a portfolio of strategies, among which, CO2 capture and renewable energy will need to play a decisive role. Dispatchable renewables, such as bioenergy, will play an increasing role in maintaining electricity security, in producing heat in the industry and residential sectors, and in reducing the emissions from the transport sector. Biomethane, also known as a renewable natural gas, can be directly blended with or fully replace natural gas in existing pipelines and end-user equipment, with the added advantage of being carbon neutral. CO2 capture and storage (CCS) will also be of paramount importance in abating CO2 emissions from existing infrastructure in the power and industrial sectors. There are many industries that will be difficult or impossible to decarbonize in the short term, such as the cement sector, in which CO2 emissions are intrinsic to the production process. In such cases, CCS will be mandatory to achieve the goal of net zero emissions. Permanent CO2 removal technologies, such as bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and direct air capture and storage (DACS), will also be necessary in the medium term to compensate for emissions from the hard-to-abate sectors, and in the long term, even to remove atmospheric CO2 from past emissions. This book consists of six peer-reviewed scientific articles that cover a range of high-interest subjects related to the aforementioned hot topics.
    Keywords: zeolite ; ZSM-5 ; adsorption ; biogas upgrading ; shaping ; extrusion ; CO2 capture ; cement ; post-combustion ; absorption ; membranes ; calcium looping ; oxyfuel ; direct separation ; CO2 emissions ; CCS ; CCUS ; global facilities ; Zn(dcpa) ; MOF ; framework flexibility ; gas storage ; biogas ; carbon capture ; carbon footprint ; carbon capture and storage ; zero/low emission building ; greenhous effect ; environmental protection ; carbon capture (CC) ; carbon capture and storage (CCS) ; micro-combined heat and power (micro-CHP) ; micro-cogeneration ; energy systems ; buildings ; GHG emissions ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 109
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: For a sustainable future, the need to use renewable sources to produce electricity is inevitable. Some of these sources—particularly the widely available solar power—are weather-dependent; therefore, utility-scale energy storage will be more and more important. These solar and wind power fluctuations range from minutes (passing cloud) to whole seasons (winter/summer differences). Short-term storage can be solved (at least theoretically) with batteries; however, seasonal storage—due to the amount of storable energy and the self-discharging of some storage methods—is still a challenge to be solved in the near future. We believe that biological Power-to-Methane technology—especially combined with biogas refinement—will be a significant player in the energy storage market within less than a decade. The technology produces high-purity methane, which can be considered—by using green energy and carbon dioxide of biological origin—as a Renewable Natural Gas, or RNG. The ease of storage and use of methane, as well as the effective carbon-freeness, can make it a competitor for batteries or hydrogen-based storage, especially for storage times exceeding several months.
    Keywords: seasonal energy storage ; power-to-methane ; wastewater treatment plants ; techno-economic assessment ; power-to-gas ; regulation ; energy storage ; biogas ; biomethane ; disruptive technology ; decarbonization ; innovation ; Power-to-Gas ; Power-to-Fuel ; P2M ; P2G ; P2F ; biomethanization ; biomethanation ; competitiveness ; hydrogen utilization ; Hungary ; Power-to-X ; Power-to-Hydrogen ; Power-to-Methane ; hydrogen ; methanation ; sector coupling ; sectoral integration ; energy transition ; eFuels ; electric fuels ; 100% renewable energy scenarios ; thermophilic biogas ; fed-batch reactor ; Methanothermobacter ; metagenome ; starvation ; H2 and CO2 conversion ; methane ; acetate ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 110
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The reprint focuses on artificial intelligence-based learning approaches and their applications in remote sensing fields. The explosive development of machine learning, deep learning approaches and its wide applications in signal processing have been witnessed in remote sensing. The new developments in remote sensing have led to a high resolution monitoring of ground on a global scale, giving a huge amount of ground observation data. Thus, artificial intelligence-based deep learning approaches and its applied signal processing are required for remote sensing. These approaches can be universal or specific tools of artificial intelligence, including well known neural networks, regression methods, decision trees, etc. It is worth compiling the various cutting-edge techniques and reporting on their promising applications.
    Keywords: pine wilt disease dataset ; GIS application visualization ; test-time augmentation ; object detection ; hard negative mining ; video synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ; moving target ; shadow detection ; deep learning ; false alarms ; missed detections ; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ; on-board ; ship detection ; YOLOv5 ; lightweight detector ; remote sensing image ; spectral domain translation ; generative adversarial network ; paired translation ; synthetic aperture radar ; ship instance segmentation ; global context modeling ; boundary-aware box prediction ; land-use and land-cover ; built-up expansion ; probability modelling ; landscape fragmentation ; machine learning ; support vector machine ; frequency ratio ; fuzzy logic ; artificial intelligence ; remote sensing ; interferometric phase filtering ; sparse regularization (SR) ; deep learning (DL) ; neural convolutional network (CNN) ; semantic segmentation ; open data ; building extraction ; unet ; deeplab ; classifying-inversion method ; AIS ; atmospheric duct ; ship detection and classification ; rotated bounding box ; attention ; feature alignment ; weather nowcasting ; ResNeXt ; radar data ; spectral-spatial interaction network ; spectral-spatial attention ; pansharpening ; UAV visual navigation ; Siamese network ; multi-order feature ; MIoU ; imbalanced data classification ; data over-sampling ; graph convolutional network ; semi-supervised learning ; troposcatter ; tropospheric turbulence ; intercity co-channel interference ; concrete bridge ; visual inspection ; defect ; deep convolutional neural network ; transfer learning ; interpretation techniques ; weakly supervised semantic segmentation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 111
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Optical technology is one of the key technologies that have been widely used for communication, computing and sensing. By utilizing different degrees of freedom for photon, optical signals can be detected and processed in different dimensions including amplitude, phase, polarization, time, frequency, and spatial mode. Multidimensional signal processing technologies have thus been broadly studied for improving the performance of communication, sensing and even computing systems. Recently, innovative optical signal processing methods and devices have been emerged to serve those needs driven by applications including but not limited to optical fiber transmission, supercontinuum generation, phase conjugation, free space optical communication, optical beamforming, photonic integration, fiber amplification, pose estimation and so on. This Special Issue aims to explore those emerging and enabling technologies of signal processing methods and devices for optical communication, optical computing, and optical sensing. The Special Issue consists of two review papers, one communication and seven articles within the areas of optical fiber transmission, specialty fiber design, 3D pose estimation, free space communication, digital signal processing, as well as photonic integration. Optical signal processing powered next generation communication, computing and sensing can be highly expected.
    Keywords: point cloud ; joint estimation ; skeleton extraction ; depth sensor ; skeleton tracking ; computer vision ; human representation ; convolutional neural network ; random tree walk ; random forest ; geodesic features ; global features ; deformation model ; hand pose tracking ; action recognition ; Raman amplification ; optical fibre communication ; dispersion engineering ; slot waveguide ; inverse design ; deep neural network ; optical frequency comb ; robust adaptive beamforming ; orthogonality ; blocking matrix ; interference-plus-noise covariance matrix reconstruction ; coherent fiber optic communications ; optical phase conjugation ; coherent optical communication ; optical fiber communication ; MIMO adaptive equalizer ; matched filter ; MMSE ; spatial division multiplexing (SDM) ; polarization division multiplexing ; fractional-spaced equalizer (FSE) ; BER ; vertical link ; pointing errors ; FSO ; OOK ; energy harvesting ; atmospheric turbulence ; optical fiber communications ; orbital angular momentum ; nonlinear optics ; supercontinuum ; nonlinear distortion ; Kramers–Kronig receiver ; stimulated Brillouin scattering ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 112
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue aimed to compile original and cutting-edge research works in the fields of plasma process, polymerization, synthesis, characterization, treatment, modification, manufacturing, and applications of functional plasma-processed polymers.
    Keywords: dextran coated cerium doped hydroxyapatite ; composite coatings ; surface morphology ; chemical composition ; biocompatibility ; human gingival fibroblast cells ; atmospheric pressure plasma ; multi-bore tube ; phosphorus compound decomposition ; plasma polymerization ; plasma processing ; plasma treatment ; biopolymer ; edible films ; starch ; gelatin ; bacterial cellulose ; non-equilibrium gaseous plasma ; PEEK ; functionalization ; wettability ; atmospheric pressure ; plasma polymerisation ; D-limonene ; ASTM E2149 ; antimicrobial coating ; E. coli bacteria ; conical-shaped ; atmospheric pressure plasma jet ; polymer ; polypropylene ; SEM ; FTIR ; XPS ; nitrogen addition ; polyaniline nanostructures ; plasma ; UV treatment ; sputtering ; zinc oxide (ZnO) ; thin films ; stereolithography (SLA) ; photopolymerization ; antibacterial effect ; carbon nitride ; staphylococcus aureus ; klebsiella pneumonia ; non-woven fabric ; dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) ; commercial frequency ; 50/60 Hz ; PECVD ; surface modification ; APPJ ; polymer treatment ; conical APPJ ; atmospheric plasma ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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  • 113
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint is a collection of the Special Issue "Advance in Energy Harvesters/Nanogenerators and Self-Powered Sensors" published in Nanomaterials, which includes one editorial, six novel research articles and four review articles, showcasing the very recent advances in energy-harvesting and self-powered sensing technologies. With its broad coverage of innovations in transducing/sensing mechanisms, material and structural designs, system integration and applications, as well as the timely reviews of the progress in energy harvesting and self-powered sensing technologies, this reprint could give readers an excellent overview of the challenges, opportunities, advancements and development trends of this rapidly evolving field.
    Keywords: bacteriorhodopsin ; photoelectric conversion ; bioelectronics ; nanopore ; microfluidic ; As(III) detection ; electrochemical sensing ; nanosensing ; biosensing ; energy harvesting ; triboelectric mechanism ; electrostatic mechanism ; human motion status monitoring ; IZTO/β-Ga2O3 Schottky diode ; solar-blind ; self-powered ; photodetector ; modeling ; triboelectric ; piezoelectric ; electromagnetic ; hybrid ; implantable biomedical devices ; triboelectric nanogenerator ; energy harvester ; self-powered biosensor ; nerve stimulation ; muscle stimulation ; resistance-switching ; green energy ; hybrid nanogenerators ; piezoelectric nanogenerator ; thermoelectric nanogenerators ; vibration energy harvesting ; hybrid generators ; triboelectric displacement sensors ; triboelectric acceleration sensors ; Ag2O/β-Ga2O3 ; heterojunction ; deep ultraviolet ; post-annealing ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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  • 114
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    Goldsmiths Press | Goldsmiths Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Why we must forget photography and reject the frame of reality it prescribes and delineates.
    Keywords: art ; photography ; technology ; art books ; engineering ; art book ; artists ; coffee table book ; photography books ; coffee table books ; photo book ; gift books ; digital photography ; engineer ; gifts ; engineer gifts ; artwork ; engineering books ; photo ; philosophy ; essays ; critical theory ; architecture ; aesthetics ; psychology ; political philosophy ; marxism ; design ; psychoanalysis ; culture ; nature ; art history ; literary criticism ; music ; space ; linguistics ; economics ; beauty ; astrology ; writing ; capitalism ; sociology ; physics ; maps ; modernism ; greek ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UG Graphical and digital media applications::UGP Photo and image editing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UD Digital Lifestyle and online world: consumer and user guides::UDP Digital photography: consumer / user guides ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AF The Arts: art forms ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AJ Photography and photographs::AJT Photographic equipment and techniques: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBG Engineering graphics and draughting / technical drawing ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UD Digital Lifestyle and online world: consumer and user guides::UDQ Digital video: consumer / user guides ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UG Graphical and digital media applications::UGP Photo and image editing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UD Digital Lifestyle and online world: consumer and user guides::UDP Digital photography: consumer / user guides ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AF The Arts: art forms ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AJ Photography and photographs::AJT Photographic equipment and techniques: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBG Engineering graphics and draughting / technical drawing ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UD Digital Lifestyle and online world: consumer and user guides::UDQ Digital video: consumer / user guides
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  • 115
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue comprises 17 research articles and 2 review articles, covering studies on both individual and composite polymer modifications. Topics include high-content polymer-modified bitumen, epoxy resin adhesives, SBS-modified bitumen, PE-modified bitumen, crumb-rubber-modified bitumen, and biopolymeric capsules and bitumen rejuvenators.
    Keywords: high-content polymer modified asphalt ; SBS ; viscoelastic behavior ; phase structure ; neat and polymer-modified bitumens ; low temperatures ; creep compliance ; relaxation modulus ; relaxation time spectrum ; glass transition temperature ; road engineering ; reclaimed asphalt binder ; rheological properties ; SHRP test ; variance analysis ; salt storage pavement ; salt storage asphalt mastic ; high elastic polymer ; waste polyethylene ; spectroscopic analysis ; morphological analysis ; XRD ; creep analysis ; SEM ; asphalt pavements ; modified asphalt ; functional polymer ; cis-1, 4-polyisoprene ; polyethylene ; molecular dynamics ; microscopic mechanism ; nano-OvPOSS ; compatibility ; structure ; mechanical properties ; hot recycled asphalt mixture ; RAP ; degree of blending (DOB) ; low-temperature performance ; fatigue lifetime ; prediction model ; asphalt binder ; moisture damage ; dynamic pore water pressure ; rheological behaviors ; damage mechanism ; recycled engine oil bottom ; SBS modifier ; the modification-rejuvenation mechanism ; self-healing ; rejuvenators ; alginate ; encapsulation ; factorial design ; post hoc analyses ; rubberized asphalt ; adhesion characteristics ; binder bond strength (BBS) ; surface free energy (SFE) ; atomic force microscope (AFM) ; calcium alginate capsules ; asphalt concrete ; selfhealing level ; low service temperature ; asphalt ; natural fibers ; synthetic fibers ; waste fibers ; dense asphalt mix ; stone mastic asphalt ; porous asphalt mix ; biodegradability ; VOCs ; crumb rubber ; bitumen ; organic montmorillonite ; inhibition ; performance-based ; asphalt mix design ; performance-related specification ; viscoelastic continuum damage model ; viscoplastic shift model ; asphalt pavement ; microwave heating ; pavement de-icing ; pavement materials ; epoxy resin ; toughening agent ; response surface method ; gray relational analysis ; film thickness ; HCPMA ; optimal film thickness ; aging durability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The continuing trend toward greater electrification in consumer, commercial, industrial, and transportation applications promises a dynamic and increasingly important role for power electronics. The term ‘power electronics’ refers to electric and electronic circuits whose primary function is to process energy. The growing penetration of power electronics in energy systems requires attention, with its principal challenges being cost reduction and reliability. Power electronic systems are indispensable parts of modern engineering applications, covering a wide range of engineering branches. This Special Issue focuses on modern applications of electricity, power electronics converters, and electric motor drives.
    Keywords: applications of power converters ; renewable energy systems ; applications of electrical drives ; power filters ; integration of power systems ; distributed power ; power grid equipment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The world faces a water crisis that is exacerbated by climate change. With just 3% of Earth's water being freshwater, much of it is inaccessible. Only 0.08% is used by humans, impacting ecosystems. This collection aims to provide solutions, knowledge, and tools for sustainable water resource management. The demand for water, particularly for agriculture, is rising, leading to competition among users. The conservation of freshwater ecosystems is vital. Climate change will further strain water resources, affecting agriculture and soil productivity. This collection of 89 papers offers insights and solutions for global stakeholders, aiding decision-makers in addressing water-related challenges in an ever-changing world.
    Keywords: climate change ; urban floods ; remote sensing ; water governance ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: "Advances in UAV Detection, Classification and Tracking" is a comprehensive book that explores the latest techniques and advancements in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection, classification, and tracking. As UAV technology continues to evolve and become more accessible, there is a growing need for effective methods to detect, identify, and track these devices in various scenarios. This reprint provides a thorough overview of the state-of-the-art approaches for UAV detection, classification, and tracking, covering both theoretical and practical aspects.The reprint begins by introducing the basics of UAVs and their various applications, followed by a detailed overview of the challenges associated with UAV detection, classification, and tracking. The authors then present the latest techniques and algorithms used in the field, including machine-learning-based approaches, computer vision techniques, and sensor fusion techniques. The reprint also covers the challenges of real-world applications, such as dealing with occlusions, sensor noise, and environmental factors.With contributions from leading experts in the field, "Advances in UAV Detection, Classification and Tracking" is an essential resource for researchers, engineers, and practitioners working on UAV detection, classification, and tracking. It is also a valuable reference for graduate students and anyone interested in the latest advancements in this rapidly evolving field.
    Keywords: distributed electric propulsion ; coordinated thrust control ; fault-tolerant control ; flight simulation ; autonomous navigation ; gimbal design ; obstacle avoidance ; target tracking ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; law enforcement ; tiltrotor ; blade element theory ; flight mechanical model ; stability analysis ; social learning ; ant colony optimization ; multi-agent system ; visual tracking system ; embedded system ; drone ; omnidirectional mobile robot ; multi-target association ; topological sequences ; triangular networks ; global consistency ; similar transformation invariance ; micro-Doppler ; radar ; target ; classification ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; motion planning ; optimization techniques ; attention mechanism ; anti-occlusion ; location prediction ; convolutional neural network CNN ; YOLO deep learning ; UAV ; drone detection ; drone recognition ; automatic target recognition (ATR) ; classify while scan (CWS) ; drone detection radar ; detection response time (DRT) ; unmanned air traffic management (UTM) ; object detection ; deep learning ; adaptive cluster ; cognitive micro-Doppler radar ; Doppler resolution ; JEM signals ; radar dwell time ; advancement ; tracking and communication threats ; three-dimensional circumnavigation control ; elliptical multi-orbit ; UAV group ; small-object detection ; backbone design ; object positioning ; object classification ; UAV flight experiment ; astronaut detection ; astronaut accompanying ; intravehicular visual navigation ; semi-structured environment ; dynamic scenes ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Modern technical facilities are constructions that are sophisticated in terms of functionality and in terms of the material technologies used. Therefore, it becomes necessary to obtain reliable information about the material and its current state. This is not easy task considering the variety of materials present and their applications. Therefore, this reprint brings together publications focused on two areas: new diagnostic methods adapted to new materials; and the procurement of new information about conventional materials used in innovative technical solutions. The solutions to the above are seen in the use of modern sensory systems, enabling and seeking information in new physical relationships, i.e., analyzing cross effects. In this collection, we can read about research on intelligent materials based, for example, on microgranules or rubber-ferritic conglomerate, which, in addition to fulfilling functional tasks, can provide valuable information about the operation of the object. Innovative ways of obtaining information about composites, steel, concrete and even printed plastic elements are discussed. Additionally, a review is provided, covering topics from miniature steel samples to the elements of a construction crane. This reprint is a necessary supplement and provides an exchange of experience and achievements in acquiring new information on both classic and modern materials used currently in mechanical engineering. By accessing new information on materials and their condition, it will be possible to maintain the safety and reliability of mechanical engineering facilities at an appropriate level.
    Keywords: non-destructive testing ; structural health monitoring ; uniform and composite materials ; smart materials ; modeling and simulations ; diagnostics ; damage detection&nbsp ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Gels (ISSN 2310-2861). This reprint focuses on the modification of hydrogels and their applications in biomedical engineering, aiming to provide a reference for scholars in related fields. It mainly involves the applications of hydrogels in biomedical fields such as phantoms, wound healing, skin, cartilage, muscle, and drug loading. We believe this reprint can provide a valuable reference for scientific and technological workers in the fields of materials science, tissue engineering, biological manufacturing, biomedical engineering, and so on.
    Keywords: dynamic mechanical analysis ; hardness ; hydrogels ; materials ; mimicking ; soft tissues ; tissue scaffolding ; viscoelasticity ; Warner–Braztler shear test ; hydrogel beads ; Taguchi’s method ; Grey relational analysis ; drug delivery system ; semi-IPN ; hydrogel ; drug delivery ; wound healing ; adipose mesenchymal stromal cells ; chondrogenic differentiation ; RGD motif ; hydrogel characterization ; cartilage regeneration ; horseradish peroxidase ; myoblast ; skeletal muscle ; tissue engineering ; gelatin ; PNIPAM ; smart polymer ; biomaterial ; ceramic ; freeze-drying ; polymer ; tissue ; fibroblast growth factor-2 ; growth factor ; hyaluronic acid-collagen hybrid hydrogel ; platelet-derived growth factor-BB ; pulp regeneration ; phytosomes ; tobacco leaf ; polyurethane-62 ; reactive oxygen species ; shape memory gel ; hydrogel sheet dressings ; poly(vinyl alcohol) ; silver nanoparticles ; electron beam irradiation ; antibacterial ; conductivity ; self-healing properties ; mechanical properties ; biocompatibility ; hydrogel electronic skin ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Concrete, one of the most often-used building materials today, is the cornerstone of modern buildings all over the world, being used for foundations, pavements, building walls, architectural structures, highways, bridges, overpasses, and so on. Because of its adaptability, concrete may be found in practically every construction, in some form or another. Yet, the diverse nature of its components, their combinations, and their doses result in a very wide range of concrete kinds with varying properties. As a result, concrete is a material that is always evolving and is popular even now, especially when it comes to circular economy.Other ways of concrete manufacturing are now being researched to lessen or remove the limits of this material, which are connected to its brittleness and poor environmental effects. As a result, the development of engineering cementitious composites has resulted in a significant reduction in flexibility issues, while the introduction of new additives and the optimization of the manufacturing process has resulted in a significant reduction in the negative effects of virgin raw material exploitation. In-depth research is still required to optimize and increase the sustainability of these advanced engineering cementitious composites or alternative concretes.In this Special Issue (SI), state-of-the-art research and review articles on the emerging material systems for AM are collected, with a focus on the process–structure–properties relationships. In total, eleven research papers and six reviews have been collected.
    Keywords: alkali-activated ; underwater placement ; class C fly ash ; seawater ; fresh water ; concrete ; compressive strength ; NDT ; ultrasonic pulse velocity ; modulus of elasticity ; phosphate-based geopolymers ; thermal behaviour ; thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis ; phase analysis ; geopolymer ; pore ; tomography imaging ; sintering ; wheat straw ash ; global warming potential ; water absorption ; microstructure and pore structure ; waste material ; heavy duty application ; rice husk ash ; supplementary cementitious material ; waste management ; scientometric analysis ; eco-friendly construction material ; artificial lightweight aggregate ; aggregate crushing value ; aggregate impact value ; thermal properties ; pozzolanic materials ; green concrete ; biochar ; durability properties ; SWOT ; techno-economic analysis ; geopolymer concrete ; waste wood ash ; environmental impact mechanical properties ; durability ; eco-friendly concrete ; waste glass ; workability ; splitting tensile strength ; flexural strength ; kaolin ; ceramic ; zirconia ; reinforcement ; self-consolidating concrete ; SCC ; fly ash ; GGBS ; microsilica ; sustainable concrete ; high strength ; crushed ; powder ; hardened ; fresh ; slump ; compressive ; splitting ; flexural ; equation ; geopolymers ; polymer fiber reinforced geopolymers ; interfacial bonding ; desert sand ; engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) ; particle size ; uniaxial tension ; toughness ; rapid tooling ; geopolymer metal composite ; additive manufacturing ; injection moulding process ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue contains contributions from colleagues, former students and collaborators of the late Prof. Miron Amusia, who was a world-leading figure in theoretical atomic physics over the past half a century. The focus of this Special Issue is on many-electron and multiphoton atomic processes that are at the forefront of contemporary atomic and molecular physics. Special attention is given to the many-electron correlation problem and its interplay with strong field laser–atom interactions. These scientific advances represent the lasting legacy of Prof. Amusia and his school.
    Keywords: photoionization and photoelectron spectroscopy ; elastic and inelastic electron scattering ; many-electron correlations in atoms and solids ; encapsulated atoms and fullerens ; strong laser-atom interaction ; ultrafast processes and atto-second science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Traditional manufacturing processes, such as welding and casting, and modern techniques, such as additive manufacturing, can significantly affect the local material properties of metallic materials. To ensure the safe and reliable operation of engineering components and structures, fundamental knowledge of the manufacturing effects on fatigue performance is of the utmost importance. Hence, this Special Issue focuses on the fatigue design of metallic structures, considering the influence of technological aspects. Approaches based on local stress/strain, as well as fracture-mechanics-based concepts, are applied, considering local manufacturing-process-dependent characteristics, such as microstructure, hardness, porosity/defects, surface topography, and/or residual stress state. Moreover, probabilistic methods are utilized which enable a link between statistically distributed local characteristics and failure/survival probability, enabling the advanced fatigue design of metallic structures.
    Keywords: Fatigue design ; Technological aspects ; Metallic structures ; Manufacturing processes ; Material properties ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTU Mining technology and engineering
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Artificial intelligence is a term that refers to the ability to provide machines with human intelligence. In medicine it is becoming widely used. It finds application especially in the diagnostic and tumor fields. It is not yet able to replace the human brain, but several studies show how its support can be useful in making diagnoses and providing prognoses. This reprint addresses various satellite topics of this discipline, giving practical examples in various clinical fields. In addition, it highlights the strengths of this tool and proposes methods to improve its weaknesses by addressing issues such as increasing data sets and selecting the right features. It also addresses other innovative aspects that together with artificial intelligence can lead to improvements in surgery.
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence ; Automatic ; Diagnostics ; Engineering ; Imaging ; Machine Learning ; Deep Learning ; Features ; Biomedics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The ninth national conference on applied geochemistry in China will be held in Chengdu, hosted by the committee of applied geochemistry, Chinese Society for Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry (CSMPG). In order to facilitate the academic exchange on applied geochemistry, this Special Issue is intended for the presentation of new advances and case illustrations in the field of applied geochemistry. The guest editors of this Special Issue are Dr. Gong, a professor from China University of Geosciences (Beijing), and Dr. Shi, a professor from the Chengdu University of Technology. This Special Issue was opened on 27 June 2022 and closed on 1 July 2023. A total 14 scientific papers have been published that capture various hot and challenging issues in applied geochemistry. These articles belong to three broad groups: (i) new advances and case illustrations in resource exploration which focus on exploration techniques in covered areas and anomaly determinations of geochemical survey data; (ii) new advances and case illustrations in environment assessment which focus on heavy metals of soils, soil nutrients assessment and geochemical survey of a top geoherb; and (iii) new advances in the basic theory of geochemistry such as elemental abundances of moon samples, equation of state of fluid mixtures, the formation’s dynamic mechanism of a dendrite, provenance indices of geological materials, etc. In which, a promising concept, geochemical gene, was introduced and illustrated in tracing soils and determining geochemical anomalies.
    Keywords: applied geochemistry ; resource exploration ; environmental assessment ; health geology ; geochemical gene ; basic theory. ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: A history of urban travel demand modeling (UTDM) and its enormous influence on American life from the 1920s to the present.For better and worse, the automobile has been an integral part of the American way of life for decades. Its ascendance would have been far less spectacular, however, had engineers and planners not devised urban travel demand modeling (UTDM). This book tells the story of this irreplaceable engineering tool that has helped cities accommodate continuous rise in traffic from the 1950s on. Beginning with UTDM's origins as a method to help plan new infrastructure, Konstantinos Chatzis follows its trajectory through new generations of models that helped make optimal use of existing capacity and examines related policy instruments, including the recent use of intelligent transportation systems.Chatzis investigates these models as evolving entities involving humans and nonhumans that were shaped through a specific production process. In surveying the various generations of UTDM, he delves into various means of production (from tabulating machines to software packages) and travel survey methods (from personal interviews to GPS tracking devices and smartphones) used to obtain critical information. He also looks at the individuals who have collectively built a distinct UTDM social world by displaying specialized knowledge, developing specific skills, and performing various tasks and functions, and by communicating, interacting, and even competing with one another.Original and refreshingly accessible, Forecasting Travel in Urban America offers the first detailed history behind the thinkers and processes that impact the lives of millions of city dwellers every day.
    Keywords: Engineering/Systems Science & Engineering ; Science, Technology & Society/History of Technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RP Regional and area planning::RPT Transport planning and policy ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNH Highway and traffic engineering
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Biomaterials engineering is a dynamic and rapidly evolving field that plays a pivotal role in advancing medical technology, improving patient care, and addressing healthcare challenges. Advancements in interdisciplinary fields such as chemistry, physics, material science, nanotechnology, manufacturing technology, and bioengineering have the opportunity to significantly impact patient lives by developing innovative solutions, thereby improving the performance and safety of medical devices and therapies. This Special Issue mainly aims to present the recent development of advanced biomaterials such as gels, ceramics, and glasses for healthcare applications, including hard and soft tissue engineering, medical implants, drug delivery systems, and more. This Special Issue, made up of 4 reviews and 8 original articles, represents the keen and diverse research ensuing toward innovative functionalities and their incorporation with cutting-edge fabrication techniques. It will also focus on the chemistry of biomaterials and their characteristics, such as bioactivity, biocompatibility, and biodegradation, and how their chemical–physical properties (such as porosity, morphology, mechanical strength, etc.) can influence cells and living systems.
    Keywords: biocompatibility ; ceria ; polymer-bioglass scaffolds ; trace metals ; cryogels ; reactive oxygen species ; tissue regeneration ; skin ; angiogenesis ; immune cells ; gels ; photosensitizers ; photodynamic therapy ; cytotoxicity ; computed tomography ; bioceramics ; metallic implants ; biomedical applications ; coatings ; surface modification ; Mg-alloys ; Ti-alloys ; wound ; wound dressing ; nanoparticle ; hydrogel ; nanofiber ; sol–gel processes ; spectroscopy ; X-ray methods ; thermal properties ; bioactive glass ; silicate ; gelatin nanoparticle ; controlled drug release ; antibiotics ; growth factor ; ADA-gelatin ; silicates ; diopside ; akermanite ; merwinite ; sol–gel ; tissue engineering ; 3D scaffold ; hybrid ; sol-gel ink ; robocasting ; laser micromachining ; osteoblasts ; regenerative medicine ; bone tissue engineering ; cytoskeleton ; focal adhesion ; poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) ; cuprous iodide (CuI) ; green synthesis ; liquid bandage ; scaffold ; fabrication techniques ; cell sheet ; cryopreservation ; vitrified hydrogel membrane ; collagen ; regenerative therapy ; cell therapy ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint contains 14 articles on various aspects of many-body physics. Most of the articles are devoted to different phenomena in Bose–Einstein condensate (M.R. Pathak and A. Nath; M.H. Figlioli Donato and S.R. Muniz ; B. Halder with coauthors; O.E. Alon).L. Madeira and V.S. Bagnato discuss the route of an out-of-equilibrium system to its thermalized state. M.R. Singh discusses the many-body interactions in plasmonic nanohybrids. M. Pudlak and R. Nazmitdinov analyze electron transport through a one-dimensional quantum ring, subject to Rashba spin–orbit interaction in the presence of external fields. R. Friedberg and J.T. Manassah report computer investigations on the duration memory for storage for an isolated atom. M.C. Pagnacco with coauthors describe the crazy-clock phenomenon. V.I. Yukalov and E.P. Yukalova consider materials with nanoscale phase separation. E.M. Anitas investigates materials with fractal-like geometry. L. Madeira with coauthors address the topic of quantum turbulence. K. Ziegler discusses how the employment of the diagonal elements of the time correlation matrix can be used to probe closed quantum systems that are measured at random times. L. Salasnich analyzes the collective dynamics of electrons in graphene positioned between the two slabs.
    Keywords: plasmonics ; nano-optics ; dipole-dipole interaction ; density matrix method ; dressed states ; Kerr effect ; quantum dots ; metallic nanoparticles ; graphene ; quantum many-body theory ; acoustic plasmons ; Bose-Einstein condensates ; infinite-particle-number limit ; many-body theory ; mean-field theory ; position variance ; momentum variance ; angular-momentum variance ; solvable models ; harmonic-interaction model ; anisotropy ; dynamics of closed quantum systems ; random probing ; separation of time scales ; Hilbert-space localization ; quantum turbulence ; Bose-Einstein condensate ; out-of-equilibrium ; small-angle scattering ; fractional Brownian surfaces ; fractal dimension ; Hurst exponent ; spectral exponent ; nanoscale phase separation ; quasi-equilibrium system ; heterophase mixture ; zeroth-order transition ; nucleation point ; four-color optical lattice ; soliton ; crazy clock ; Briggs–Rauscher reaction ; state I to state II transition ; symmetry breaking ; iodine ; K-means analysis ; random number generator ; non-thermal fixed points ; out-of-equilibrium system ; Bose–Einstein condensate ; turbulence ; Josephson effect ; spinor BEC ; toroidal superfluid ; quantum droplets ; multi-color periodic confinement ; Rashba spin–orbit interaction ; semiconductor quantum ring ; Floquet theory ; light–matter coupling ; magnetic field ; bit retrieval ; long-time memory ; Nyxion ; continuous pump ; coalescence ; Aurora ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent years, we have been witnessing the exponential proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT), networks of physical devices, vehicles, appliances and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators and connectivity that enables these objects to connect and exchange data. Enabling the introduction of highly efficient IoT, wireless sensing and network technologies will reduce the need for traditional processes that are currently be carried out manually, thus freeing up the precious resources of dwindling working staff, to do more meaningful and human-centered work. This reprint aims to bring together innovative developments in areas related to IoT, wireless sensing and networking. The aspects covered include software-defined network (SDN)-based IoT networks, artificial intelligence (AI) for IoT, industrial IoT, smart sensors, optimization of energy efficiency for IoT, and wireless sensor networks, IoT applications for agriculture, smart cities, healthcare, localization and environment monitoring.
    Keywords: lawful interception ; hybrid SDN ; intercept access point ; minimum vertex cover ; text detection ; natural scene ; feature fusion ; soil water content ; sensor networks ; distributed sensing ; IoT measurements ; Precision Agriculture ; moisture sensor ; wireless communication ; LoRa ; LoRaWAN™ ; indoor localisation ; fingerprinting ; landmark ; wearable device ; inertial measurement device ; motion mode detection ; body shadowing compensation ; nearest neighbour ; label-free biosensor ; machine learning ; support vector machine ; artificial neural network ; principal component analysis ; Green IoT ; IIoT ; edge computing ; AI ; edge AI ; sustainability ; digital transition ; digital circular economy ; Industry 5.0 ; direction-of-arrival estimation ; geometric algebra ; ESPRIT algorithm ; electromagnetic vector-sensor array ; hardware security ; electromagnetic sensing ; real time ; cybersecurity ; anomaly detection ; the Internet of Things ; deep learning ; blockchain ; 5G/6G ; URLLC ; tactile Internet ; industrial IoT ; network emulator ; robotic simulator ; virtual testbed ; wireless power transfer ; energy harvesting ; power conversion efficiency ; single diode rectifier ; voltage doubler ; harmonic balance method ; autonomous sensor node ; wireless sensor network ; multi-tone signal ; full-wave simulations of PCB ; millimeter wave ; new radio ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; LoS blockage ; closed-from approximation ; rooftop deployments ; coverage path planning ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; cell decomposition ; decomposition methods ; energy-aware approaches ; energy optimal path ; multi-robot systems ; multi-UAV ; smart cities ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; sensors ; 6G ; wireless communications ; resilience ; climate change ; connectivity ; data ; wireless systems ; mobile sensors ; D2D ; technological development ; Internet of things ; LoRaWAN ; reliability ; downlink ; safety ; IoT ; LPWAN ; proximal soil sensor device ; conventional communication methods ; ultralow power consumption ; long-distance transmission ; economic value ; inventoried sensor devices ; digital twin ; LSTM model ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Polymer-processing techniques are of the utmost importance for producing polymeric parts. They must produce parts with the desired qualities, which are usually related to mechanical performance, dimensional conformity, and appearance. Aiming to maximize the overall efficiency of the polymer-processing techniques, advanced modeling codes along with experimental measurements are needed to simulate and optimize the processes. Thus, this reprint exploits the digital transformation of the plastics industry, both through the creation of more robust and accurate modeling tools and the development of cutting-edge experimental techniques. Furthermore, it addresses advanced topics, such as crystallization during the solidification processes, prediction of fiber orientation in the cases of short and long fiber composites, prediction of the foaming process (such as microcellular foaming), and flow instabilities by including viscoelastic constitutive equations.
    Keywords: polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell ; molecular dynamics simulations ; side chain ; penetration ; injection molding ; thermoplastic composites ; mold heating ; mold temperature control ; melt filling ; thin wall injection molding ; suspensions ; micro-polar fluids ; yield stress ; extrusion ; extrudate swell ; interface tracking ; least-squares volume-to-point interpolation ; consistent PISO ; finite volume method ; OpenFOAM ; poly(ether ether ketone) ; thermo–mechanical response ; constitutive modeling ; polymer processing ; elongational flow ; vane extruder ; eccentric rotor extruder ; numerical simulation ; warpage ; prediction ; crystallinity ; multi-layer structure ; simulation ; annocatacin B ; ND1 subunit ; mitochondrial respiratory complex I ; MRC-I ; MD ; Hirshfeld charges ; MM/PBSA ; poly(lactic acid) ; urea ; melt blending ; slow-release fertilizer ; leakage flow ; modeling and simulation ; sheet die design ; manufacturing process design ; coat-hanger die ; modeling ; rheology ; constant shear-rate die ; non-Newtonian fluids ; poly (3-hydroxybutyric-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid) (PHBV) ; flax ; hemp ; short fibers ; properties ; lithium-ion ; high energy pouch cell ; state of charge ; electrolyte ; load position ; motor core ; iron sheet ; computer-aided engineering tools ; gluing ; machine learning ; multilayer perceptron ; neural network ; regression ; plasticizing ; polymers ; basic settings ; data-based ; model ; quality ; conformal cooling ; sustainability ; industrial design ; manufacturing ; degree of assembly ; a family mold system ; CAE-DOE optimization ; green channels ; temperature maps ; finite difference methods ; meshless interpolation ; numerical solution ; polymer flows ; viscoelastic flows ; plastic optical barrel ; roundness ; concentricity ; Taguchi method ; RGD peptide (1FUV) ; ab initio molecular dynamics ; total bond order ; partial charge ; dielectric function ; suspension ; rodlike particles ; micropolar fluids ; anisotropy ; hysteresis ; fiber reinforced polymer composites ; lead nanoparticles ; shielding ; attenuation coefficient ; empirical derivation ; PEG-PCL ; non-isothermal crystallization ; flash differential scanning calorimeter ; polymer blends ; microstructure ; multiscale simulation ; hybrid injection molding ; continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastics ; finite element analysis (fem) ; FDM ; Taguchi ; multilateral ; CAE ; transfer learning ; LDPE ; triangular-loop shear ; trapezoidal-loop shear ; time-dependent viscoelastic property ; Rivlin–Sawyers equation ; fillers ; rubber compounds ; viscoelasticity ; thixotropy ; structure ; tailings flocculation ; seawater ; calcium and magnesium removal ; lime ; sodium carbonate ; FEM ; pipe die ; polymer melt ; Herschel–Bulkley fluids ; free-surfaces ; conformal cooling channel ; rapid tooling technology ; mold material ; cooling medium ; polymer solution ; Giesekus ; eXtended Pom-Pom ; visualization ; analytical solution ; deep learning ; stacked learning ; Oldroyd-B fluid ; Giesekus fluid ; sphere drag coefficient ; plastic pallet ; flatness ; sequential valve gate system ; molding flow analysis ; particle settling ; dilute polymeric solutions ; Oldroyd-B model ; microfluidic rheometry ; drag coefficient ; hydraulic fracturing ; polyethylene recycling ; artificial engineering ; polymer extrusion ; mold additive manufacturing ; polymer molds ; subtractive manufacturing ; mold characterization ; rapid tooling ; thermal homogenisation ; pre-distribution ; heat pipe ; blown film extrusion ; CFD ; n/a ; pyrolysis ; mixed polymers ; thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) ; artificial neural networks (ANN) ; polypropylene ; glass fiber ; fiber reinforced ; fiber shortening ; compound ; SIGMA ; dynamic image analysis ; Monte Carlo ; nanoporous matter ; proton ; transport behavior ; GEANT4 code ; boundary layer ; Herschel–Bulkley fluid ; Carbopol ; cement ; bacterial cellulose ; plasma treatment ; magnetron sputtering ; silver nanoparticles ; antimicrobial activity ; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ; fully implicit coupled solver ; viscoelastic flow ; log-conformation tensor approach ; non-isothermal effects ; Phan-Thien-Tanner constitutive equation ; semi-analytical method ; solvent viscosity contribution ; pipe flow ; channel flow ; Au nanoparticles ; plasmonics ; polymer matrix ; nanocomposite ; thermal annealing ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint focusses on achieving low-power computation using memristive devices. The topic was designed as a convenient reference point: it contains a mix of techniques starting from the fundamental manufacturing of memristive devices all the way to applications such as physically unclonable functions, and also covers perspectives on, e.g., in-memory computing, which is inextricably linked with emerging memory devices such as memristors. Finally, the reprint contains a few articles representing how other communities (from typical CMOS design to photonics) are fighting on their own fronts in the quest towards low-power computation, as a comparison with the memristor literature. We hope that readers will enjoy discovering the articles within.
    Keywords: Logic-in-Memory (LiM) ; Von Neumann’s bottleneck ; memory-wall ; memristor ; memristive logic ; Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) ; Resistive RAM ; in-memory computing ; majority logic ; adder ; Boolean logic ; parallel-prefix adder ; floating-gate transistor ; nonvolatile memory ; continuous-time programming ; floating-gate memory array ; FPAA ; reconfigurable ; MRAM ; TRNG ; PUF ; morphable security primitive ; hardware security primitive ; RRAM ; resistive-switching ; cross-point ; memory ; neuromorphic ; pattern recognition ; multilayer perceptron ; BNN ; logic-in-memory ; SIMPLY ; physical design ; power grid ; power-gating ; SRPG ; selective SRPG ; floorplanning ; place and route ; resistive RAM (ReRAM) ; non-volatile memory (NVM) ; 1Transistor-1Resistor (1T–1R) ; processing-in-memory ; silicon oxide ; silicon nitride ; SOI technology ; resistive switching ; electrical characteristics ; laser treatment ; thermal treatment ; energy modeling ; non-von neumann ; instruction set ; compilation ; stencils ; convolutions ; sram ; energy wall ; memory wall ; low-bandwidth TIA ; equalizer ; multi-stage main amplifier ; amplitude response ; group delay variation ; graph coloring ; cellular nonlinear networks ; memristor oscillatory networks ; locally-active memristors ; control theory ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint focuses on electroencephalography (EEG) signal processing in biomedical engineering applications. EEG signals are used widely in clinical and research settings to provide cognitive and emotional state information. In addition to capturing complex neural patterns at high speeds, EEG signals are a reliable and non-invasive way of measuring the electrical activity in the brain. By examining various novel analysis and signal processing methods, this collection of papers provides a better understanding of cognitive states and brain activity.
    Keywords: EEG ; transfer learning ; review ; decoding ; classification ; e-textile ; head phantom ; electroencephalography ; conductive material ; mental stress ; data analysis ; connectivity network ; machine Learning ; deep learning ; vigilance decrement ; sustained attention ; mental fatigue ; cross-participant ; cross-task ; task-generic ; electroencephalogram ; wavelet spectrum ; ridge ; segmentation ; phase connectivity ; epilepsy ; traumatic brain injury ; feature extraction ; functional connectivity network ; time-frequency features ; machine learning ; ALS ; classifier ; neural ; connectivity ; frequency-specific ; BCI ; acupuncture ; dimensionality ; neural subspace ; latent variables ; attractor ; adaptive threshold ; coherence ; functional connectivity ; multilayer network ; otsu ; phase locking value ; weighted phase lag index ; complex Pearson correlation coefficients ; transcranial magnetic stimulation ; cerebral cortex stimulation ; electromagnetic influence ; neurostimulation ; brain activity ; virtual reality ; neuropathic pain ; spinal cord injury ; fractal dimension ; ERP ; speech discrimination ; seizure detection ; features ; feature selection ; motion artifact ; electroencephalogram (EEG) ; functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) ; wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) ; canonical correlation analysis (CCA) ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Due to the decreasing availability of fossil fuel resources and rising environmental awareness, innovative methods of renewable energy generation and utilization are rapidly becoming of interest to researchers. Electrical drives and power electronics are one of the most critical components of modern renewable energy systems. The robustness of machines and the increased efficiency of power semiconductor devices enable the improvement of many types of power conversion and generation systems. Thus, this reprint presents and disseminates recent advances regarding theory, modeling, design, application, control, and analysis related to the advancement of electrical engineering in renewable energy. It clarifies the junction of two interesting areas that serve to link information derived from electrical engineering and renewable energy, including recent techniques used to design and model various renewable energy systems, and demonstrates different ways to use power electronics in renewable systems. The reprint also discusses the best ways to identify, design, integrate, and operate the most appropriate technologies through key problems. And it offers some applications related to electrical power engineering and renewable energy technologies, including photovoltaic systems, solar water pumping systems, electric vehicles, microgrid systems, battery energy storage, etc.
    Keywords: overcurrent relays ; optimum coordination ; microgrid ; distributed generation ; nonstandard time–current characteristics ; tripping time ; South Africa ; load shedding ; battery energy storage systems (BESS) ; photovoltaic (PV) ; buck DC-DC converter ; parameter variation ; Matlab/Simulink environment ; sliding mode control ; multilevel inverter ; hybrid MLI ; cascaded two-level VSI ; active power filter ; solar water pumping system ; FL-INC ; SEPIC converter ; MPPT ; optimization algorithm ; centrifugal water pump ; 2-furaldehyde (2FAL) ; feedforward artificial neural network (FFANN) ; degree of polymerization (DP) ; loss of life (LOL) ; transformers ; dissolved gas analysis (DGA) ; IEC gas ratio ; transformer ; faults ; binary classification support vector machine (BCSVM) ; transportation sector ; electrical vehicle ; charging scheme ; renewable energy sources ; sensitivity analysis ; perturbation and observation ; incremental conductance ; variable step size ; MATLAB-Simulink ; electric vehicles ; autonomous vehicles ; digital twins ; EV components ; e-mobility ; IoT ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint, entitled “Process Control and Smart Manufacturing for Industry 4.0”, contains the extended papers from the Series of annual IFSA conferences on Automation, Robotics and Communications for Industry 4.0/5.0 (ARCI) on the following topics: Process Automation, Process Control and Monitoring, Design Principles in Industry 4.0, Smart Manufacturing and Technologies, Smart Factories, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing. The reprint contains 13 chapters written by 54 ARCI conference participants from seven countries: China, Croatia, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Poland and Romania. This reprint will inform readers of cutting-edge developments in the field and provide effective starting points and a road map for further research and development. All chapters follow the same structure: firstly, an introduction to the specific topic under study; secondly, a description of the field, including sensing or/and measuring applications. Each chapter ends with a curated list of references, including books, journals, conference proceedings and websites. “Process Control and Smart Manufacturing for Industry 4.0” is intended for researchers and scientists from academia and industry, as well as for postgraduate students.
    Keywords: steel alloys ; resistance spot welding ; RSW ; electrode wear ; electrode tip-dressing ; process monitoring ; mushrooming ; plateau forming ; quality control ; COVID-19 ; FDM ; 3D printing ; injection molding ; personal protection ; rapid prototyping ; protective face shields ; mechatronics line ; visual servoing system ; wheeled mobile robot ; industrial robotic manipulator ; Industry 4.0 ; NDT ; magnetic particle inspection ; optimization ; condition monitoring ; vibration ; acoustic emission ; drive train ; data fusion ; machine learning ; product morphology ; core data model ; phase rule filter ; phase private data model ; storage system ; forklift AGV ; deep learning ; semantic segmentation ; H-Swish ; community transformation ; community innovation governance ; ternary space ; coupling and coordination analysis ; lean manufacturing ; lean principles ; pull principle ; production control mechanisms ; production processes ; lean implementation ; batch process ; partial least squares ; multi-phase ; multi-mode ; master production scheduling ; make-to-order ; mathematical programming ; agent-based ; overtime ; earliness ; tardiness ; equipment selection decision ; business compass ; energy consumption ; processing time ; beetle antennae search algorithm ; sustainable blank dimension design ; energy-saving ; low-carbon ; grey wolf algorithm ; gas–solid ; cyclone ; separator ; gas dynamics ; erosion ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue aimed to collect and present all breakthrough research on all intentional or unintentional explosions and impact problems. During the last decade, the investigation of these phenomena has been an active area of research in different fields (i.e., civil, defense, mining, aeronautical, naval, etc.), including experimental studies, analytical models, or numerical simulations; and this Special Issue is a faithful reflection of this trend.A total of twenty-six papers (twenty-five research papers and one review paper) in various fields of blast and impact engineering including blast loading issues over structures, beams, walls; penetration and impact; explosives safety and security; blasting effects on rocks and tunnels; are presented in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: shaped charge ; jet ; cumulative charge ; numerical simulation ; LS-Dyna ; blast-induced damage ; explosion crater ; lateral blasting ; in situ stress ; lateral free surface ; blast ; tunnel ; pressure reduction module ; LS-DYNA ; mitigation ; grid ; water curtain ; peak particle velocity ; blasting-induced vibration ; prediction ; artificial neural networks ; site factors K and m ; open-pit blasting ; blast loads ; slab ; column ; connections ; numerical analysis ; numerical modeling ; blasting stress wave ; underground rock masses ; initial stress ; transmission coefficient ; blast load ; concrete columns ; experimental testing ; steel plate reinforced concrete walls ; FE simulation ; perforation analytical model ; cavity expansion analysis ; thin plates petaling ; penetration ; machine learning ; concrete ; rigid projectile ; symbolic regression ; engineering structures ; validation ; Semtex ; hypervelocity impact ; whipple shield ; honeycomb passive shielding ; micro-meteoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) ; Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) ; finite-element analysis ; LSDyna ; IEDs ; field test ; reinforced concrete ; blasting experiment ; stemming material ; shear thickening fluid ; sand ; blockage performance ; AAC block ; masonry wall ; finite element ; strengthening ; ABAQUS ; RCP ; recycled aggregate concrete ; impact loading ; impact force ; cracking ; peak displacement ; blast effects ; hydrocode analysis ; effects of explosions ; blast loading ; SDOF systems ; thermochemistry of explosives ; fragments ; crater formation ; damage to people ; detonation ; TNT ; dynamite ; air blast wave ; overpressure ; battle damage ; X-ray tomography ; two-stage light gas gun ; high-velocity fragment ; rock tunnel ; sandstone ; missile impact ; blasting ; airblast ; input selection ; hybrid SVR model ; rod projectile ; angle of attack ; liquid cabin ; overturn and yaw ; trajectory ; internal explosion ; shock wave ; corner ; structural dimensions ; Mach waves ; improvised explosive device ; sympathetic detonation ; blasting cap ; UHPC ; mesoscale equivalent model ; penetration experiments ; parametric analysis ; DOP prediction equation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue collected original contributions, both research papers and reviews, showing recent results and/or positive advances in the behavior of new sustainable bio-materials under applied mechanical stress, both in static and dynamic mode, and evaluating the characteristics of resistance, moduli and/or viscoelasticity, in view of potential applications, such as tissue engineering, medical devices, surgical or dental implants, manufacturing of human parts, agriculture, packaging, textiles, electronics, automotive and aerospace, green buildings, and architecture and construction.
    Keywords: biodegradable polymers ; mechanical properties ; rheology ; processing ; moisture content ; characterisation ; particleboard ; natural fiber composites ; Rhizophora spp. ; biodegradable ; thermomechanical properties ; thermal properties ; dicumyl peroxide ; Joncryl ; wood-polymer composites (WPC) ; recycled thermoplastics ; torque measurements ; rheological properties ; dynamic mechanical analyses ; hot-pressing ; paper web ; fibre ; lignin ; diffusion ; activation energy ; wood flour ; wood pellets ; wood–plastic composites ; transportation costs ; physical properties ; interfacial bond strength ; wood-polymer composites ; wood-polymer interface ; XPS ; PLA/starch ; compatibilizer ; vegetable oil-based additive ; masterbatch ; epoxidized natural rubber ; halloysite nanotubes ; urea ; tensile properties ; wide-angle X-ray scattering ; jute fabrics ; 3D printing ; eco-friendly composites ; gellan gum ; virgin coconut oil ; hydrogels ; biomaterials ; wound dressing ; polylactic acid ; chitosan ; organosolv lignin ; modifying agent ; biocomposites ; nanocomposites ; durability ; biodegradation ; environmental ageing ; creep ; modelling ; crazing ; polyaniline ; fruit waste ; vegetable waste ; waste valorization ; bioactive compound ; active packaging ; by-product ; extraction ; thermal processing ; non-thermal processing ; sugar palm fiber ; poly(lactic acid) ; alkaline treatment ; benzoyl chloride treatment ; hybrid composites ; biodegradable thermoplastic ; coating ; Amdry 6420 ; Metco 143 ; Metco 136F ; hardness ; adhesion ; structure ; Pandanus amaryllifolius fibre ; natural fibres ; composite ; biodegradable plastics ; polyhydroxybutyrate ; polymer composites ; compounding ; injection molding ; MOR ; MOE ; IB ; panel ; nanocomposite ; acrylic denture teeth ; nano ZrO2 particles ; wear behavior ; microstructure ; microhardness ; polymerization ; polymethyl methacrylate resin ; textiles ; sustainability ; biopolymers ; carboxymethyl cellulose ; drying effects ; coating layers ; fiber-based material ; hydrothermal-mechanical pretreatment ; agricultural wastes ; energy efficiency ; waste generation ; single fiber test ; Weibull distribution ; gauge length ; environmental degradation ; UV aging ; moisture ; tissue engineered vascular grafts ; biomechanical stimulation ; rice bran ; ultrasound cavitation ; resistant starch microstructure ; crystallinity ; hydration properties ; mechanical performance ; physical treatment ; chemical treatment ; biological treatment ; κ-carrageenan–gelatin hydrogel ; supramolecular structure ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Non-equilibrium thermodynamics is a relatively new field of research, and one which is also becoming increasingly important in engineering applications. However, despite the many approaches developed in recent decades, they all raise questions from a mathematical point of view, for instance on the proper definitions of initial and boundary conditions, analytical and numerical solution methods, and geometrical background. These questions cover numerous topics, including the mathematical analysis of various thermodynamic approaches, the investigation of the resulting governing equations, symmetry analysis of the solutions, and how the numerical methods can be built on the geometrical background. The aim of this Special Issue is to discuss and present up-to-date problems that may not be constrained to the previously mentioned aspects but must be connected to non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Thus, in the present Special Issue we aim to present the open mathematical questions on and characteristics of different thermodynamic approaches.
    Keywords: cyclic optimal control ; finite time thermodynamics ; endoreversible thermodynamics ; Stirling ; optimization ; shock structure ; extended thermodynamics ; kinetic theory of gases ; TASEP ; ASEP ; multi-species ; Bethe ansatz ; hyperbolic relaxation system ; structural stability condition ; generalized Kreiss condition ; second law of thermodynamics ; dissipation principle ; state space ; balance laws ; entropy inequality ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Maritime traffic data (e.g., radar data, AIS data, and CCTV data) provide designers, officers on watch, and traffic operators with extensive information about the states of ships at present and in history, representing a treasure trove for behavior analysis. Additionally, navigation rules and regulations (i.e., knowledge) offer valuable prior knowledge about ship manners at sea. Combining multisource heterogeneous big data and artificial intelligence techniques inspires innovative and important means for the development of MASS. This reprint collects twelve contributions published in “Data-/Knowledge-Driven Behavior Analysis of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships” Special Issue during 2021–2022, aiming to provide new views on data-/knowledge-driven analytical tools for maritime autonomous surface ships, including data-driven behavior modeling, knowledge-driven behavior modeling, multisource heterogeneous traffic data fusion, risk analysis and management of MASS, etc.
    Keywords: unmanned surface vehicle ; velocity obstacle ; collision avoidance ; obstacles classification ; fuzzy rules ; mixed waterborne traffic ; ship behavior ; ship autonomy ; information perception ; intelligent decision-making ; execution ; COLREGs ; ship object ; formal expression ; complex waters ; ship traffic flow ; spatiotemporal dependence ; gate recurrent unit ; motion planning ; unmanned surface vehicle (USV) ; effects of wind and current ; regularization-trajectory cell ; inland waterway transportation ; AIS data ; trajectory classification ; clustering ; deep convolutional neural network ; ship intention identification ; AIS ; RANSAC ; Bayesian framework ; YOLO ; intersection ; maritime autonomous surface ships ; hybrid causal logic ; preliminary hazard analysis ; risk assessment ; hazard identification ; autonomous ship ; ship manoeuvrability ; deduction of the manoeuvring process ; ship exhaust behavior ; detection and tracking ; multi-sensor ; deep learning ; morphological operation ; collision alert system (CAS) ; available maneuvering margins (AMM) ; ship domain ; ship stability ; maritime safety ; semantic modeling ; cognitive space ; multi-scale analysis ; ontology ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Electronic cigarettes (ECs) have been present on the consumer market for over a decade, and the number of related scientific publications in the PubMed database has now exceeded seven thousand. Despite the number of publications, there is still no consensus in the scientific community regarding their safety. However, it should be emphasized that a comparison of equivalent quantities of tobacco smoke and the aerosol produced from e-cigarettes showed that there was a significantly lower quantity of toxic compounds in the aerosol compared with the tobacco smoke. Therefore, the use of ECs could be seen as a way of reducing the health damage to cigarette smokers who cannot or are unwilling to quit using conventional methods. In addition, randomized studies are emerging suggesting that ECs could be useful in smoking cessation. On the other hand, ECs are now widely used among adolescents and may pose a serious risk of future nicotine dependence and health problems in this population, as they counteract their advantages in the population gained from smokers who quit using them. Therefore, as most authors stress, further research that will convincingly resolve the current controversies is needed. Clinicians urgently need evidence-based knowledge to better inform their patients about the use of these emerging tobacco products as a harm-reduction strategy, and regulators should regulate these products in ways that best serve public health, especially taking the youth population into account.
    Keywords: e-cigarettes ; global health ; vaping ; tobacco smoke ; toxicants ; cessation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint presents a collection of papers showcasing the latest advancements and research work in the field of electrical machines. The reprint focuses on pioneering electrical machine technologies that have the potential to emerge as the next generation of electrical machines, and their potential applications in various industries. The papers delve into distinct machine technologies, such as flux-intensifying memory machines, Vernier machines, flux-reversal machines, wound rotor machines, line start motors, and doubly fed machines, and explore their applications in areas including electric transportation and renewable energy power generation. The reprint serves as a useful resource for researchers, engineers, and students who are interested in emerging electrical machine technologies.
    Keywords: harmonic reduction ; non-overlap ; phase-shifting ; star-delta ; synchronous machine ; wound rotor ; IPMSMs ; electromagnetic characteristic ; vibration/noise source ; electromagnetic–mechanical coupled analysis ; BLDC motor ; magnet overhang ; housing-integrated rotor ; 2D equivalent ; response surface methodology ; computation time ; finite element analysis (FEA) ; flux reversal generator (FRG) ; medium-speed ; non-rare earth (NRE) ; permanent magnet (PM) ; rare earth (RE) ; wind turbine generator ; wind power generation ; brushless doubly fed machines ; pole pair combinations ; nested loop rotors ; design optimisation ; drive cycle ; electric vehicle ; finite element analysis ; gradient-based optimisation ; permanent magnet machines ; phase-shift ; rare-earth free permanent magnet ; six-phase winding ; spoke-type motor ; semi-3D techniques ; end effect ; permanent magnet synchronous generator ; PM overhang ; design optimization ; direct-drive generators ; magnetic gearing effect ; permanent magnet vernier machines ; consequent-pole ; flux-intensifying ; memory machine ; variable flux ; analytical modeling ; finite element method ; line-start motor ; permanent magnet machine ; software development ; synchronization ; transient performance ; dual three-phase (DTP) ; model-based techniques ; permanent magnet synchronous machine ; saliency-based techniques ; sensorless control ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint focused on the advancements in the field of shoulder arthroplasty in recent years. These concern surgical indications that have dramatically evolved and planification and navigation. The rapid development of surgical techniques and new prosthetic designs, as well as glenoid and humeral reconstruction for various conditions, is also overviewed. Despite the important progress highlighted in this reprint, there is currently a myriad of prosthetic designs, highlighting the evolving nature of this field.
    Keywords: reverse total shoulder arthroplasty ; DSA ; LSA ; lateralization ; distalization ; radiographic analysis ; shoulder arthroplasty ; glenohumeral osteoarthritis ; avascular necrosis of the humeral head ; hemi arthroplasty ; total shoulder arthroplasty ; young patients ; prosthesis ; design ; range of motion ; degeneration ; PROMs ; results ; complication ; reverse shoulder arthroplasty ; proximal humerus fracture ; hemiarthroplasty ; projections ; revision ; shoulder ; arthroplasty ; anatomic arthroplasty ; reverse arthroplasty ; periprosthetic shoulder infection ; two-stage exchange ; mortality ; reimplantation ; defect ; reconstruction ; autologous graft ; survivorship ; loosening ; integration ; patient reported outcome measures ; VBHC ; value-based health care ; patient value ; quality ; costs ; COVID ; coronavirus ; length of stay ; same-day discharge ; pandemic ; tranexamic acid ; TXA ; arthroscopy ; bleeding ; systematic review ; meta-analysis ; acromion morphology ; glenoid retroversion ; wear ; osteoarthritis ; computed tomography ; anatomic total shoulder replacement ; reverse total shoulder replacement ; Lazarus score ; Sirveaux score ; older patients ; clinical scores ; conversion ; failed hemiarthroplasty ; shoulder hemiprosthesis ; modular reverse prosthesis ; glenohumeral osteoarthrosis ; shoulder dislocation ; shoulder instability ; dislocation arthropathy ; stemless ; inlay ; onlay ; augment ; head split ; splitting ; tuberosity ; healing ; union ; trauma ; humerus ; low ; high ; energy ; double shadow ; pelican sign ; anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty ; posteroinferior approach ; rotator cuff-sparing ; anatomical study ; cuff tear arthropathy ; polyethylene ; scapular notching ; larger glenosphere ; clinical outcome ; metal back glenoid ; midterm results ; radiologic outcome ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Traditional wood composites are produced with synthetic, formaldehyde-based adhesives, commonly made from fossil-derived constituents, such as urea, phenol, melamine, etc. Along with their undisputable advantages, these adhesives are characterized by certain problems, connected with the emission of hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including free formaldehyde emission from the finished wood composites, which is carcinogenic to humans and harmful to the environment. The growing environmental concerns, connected with the adoption of circular economy principles, and the new, stricter legislative requirements for the emission of harmful VOCs, e.g., free formaldehyde, from wood composites, have posed new challenges to researchers and industrial practice, related to the development of sustainable, eco-friendly wood composites, optimization of the available lignocellulosic raw materials, and use of alternative resources. This reprint presents a collection of 10 high-quality original research and review papers providing examples of the most recent advances and technological developments in the fabrication, design, characteristics, and applications of eco-friendly wood and wood-based composites.
    Keywords: max stress ; Tsai-Wu ; Tsai-Hill ; Puck ; Hoffman ; Hashin ; failure criteria ; beech ; finite element modelling ; composites ; biomaterials ; bio-composites ; bio design ; mycelium-based composites ; biopolymers ; interior design ; architecture ; wood ; mycelium ; fungi ; patent documents ; advanced biocomposites ; natural fibers ; green flame retardants ; fire retardancy ; product safety ; acid precipitation ; single and fractionation step ; kraft lignin ; physical and chemical properties ; A. mangium black liquor ; antibacterial ; biocomposite ; mechanical properties ; poly (lactic acid) ; wood leachate ; wood-based panels ; fiberboards ; adhesive system ; hydrolysis lignin ; phenol–formaldehyde resin ; optimization ; hot-pressing ; birch outer bark ; suberinic acids ; particle boards ; Gigantochloa pruriens ; chemical properties ; physical and mechanical properties ; wood-based composites ; particleboard ; thermoplastic starch ; Arenga pinnata ; modification ; benzoyl peroxide ; twin-screw extruder ; coating ; heat treatment ; nanotechnology ; nanosilver ; permeability ; porous structure ; solid wood ; thermal modification ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The connected and automated vehicle (CAV) is a promising piece of technology, anticipated to enhance the safety and effectiveness of mobility. Advanced sensing technologies and control algorithms, working to acquire environmental data, analyze data, and regulate vehicle movements, are key functional components of CAVs. In recent years, the creation of innovative sensing technologies for CAVs has gained substantial attention. CAVs can now interpret sensory data to more accurately detect impediments, track their locations, navigate autonomously in a dynamic environment, and communicate with other nearby vehicles. This has been made possible by advancements in sensing technology. Additionally, by utilizing computer vision and other sensing techniques, the bodily movements, facial expressions, and even mental states of in-cabin persons can be identified.
    Keywords: [human-machine collaboration] ; [decision-making] ; [object detection] ; [vehicle status estimation] ; [pedestrian state sense] ; [trajectory prediction] ; [criticality assessment] ; [fault tolerant control] ; [path planning] ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Rainfall is the main input for all hydrological models, such as rainfall–runoff models and the forecasting of landslides triggered by precipitation, with its comprehension being clearly essential for effective water resource management as well. The need to improve the modeling of rainfall fields constitutes a key aspect both for efficiently realizing early warning systems and for carrying out analyses of future scenarios related to occurrences and magnitudes for all induced phenomena. The aim of this Special Issue was hence to provide a collection of innovative contributions for rainfall modeling, focusing on hydrological scales and a context of climate changes. We believe that the contribution from the latest research outcomes presented in this Special Issue can shed novel insights on the comprehension of the hydrological cycle and all the phenomena that are a direct consequence of rainfall. Moreover, all these proposed papers can clearly constitute a valid base of knowledge for improving specific key aspects of rainfall modeling, mainly concerning climate change and how it induces modifications in properties such as magnitude, frequency, duration, and the spatial extension of different types of rainfall fields. The goal should also consider providing useful tools to practitioners for quantifying important design metrics in transient hydrological contexts (quantiles of assigned frequency, hazard functions, intensity–duration–frequency curves, etc.).
    Keywords: IDF curves ; Return period ; Rainfall thresholds ; Temporal and spatial rainfall distribution ; Stochastic Rainfall Generators ; Bayesian framework ; Rainfall nowcasting ; Rainfall downscaling ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In this reprint, the underlying damage mechanisms of materials used under extreme conditions are explored using computer simulation and modelling methods, presenting important information to predict the lifetime of related facilities. The scope of this reprint embraces numerical work on material responses to extreme conditions, such as high-speed impact or loading, neutron or ion irradiation, and high-pressure and/or high-temperature environments. Related simulation results based on the first principle method, molecular dynamics, and finite element methods are reported. Results of various topics have been reported by papers collected in this book, for example, including fitting a better empirical potential, diffusion of atoms on surface, corrosion, interaction between different defects, elastic constants calculations, effect of hot press forming on collision toughness and energy distribution, and influence of radiation defects on the thermo-mechanical properties of UO2. Furthermore, a review about the experiments and models for the effect of strain rate on NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) has also been included in this reprint. These new results present new knowledge for understanding the damage mechanisms of materials under extreme conditions, which would be useful not only for researchers in these fields but also for new readers to learn about basic concepts and current research progress to better understand the response of materials under extreme conditions.
    Keywords: uranium ; molybdenum ; molecular dynamics ; interatomic potential ; Mo-Re alloy ; Na adsorption and diffusion ; surface vacancy ; first-principles calculation ; clustering ; diffusivity ; Na solvent ; Mo or Re solute ; ab initio molecular dynamics ; atomic simulations ; dislocation loop ; vacancy defect ; tungsten ; FeCrAl ; elastic properties ; temperature effect ; uranium dioxide ; Frenkel pairs ; antisites ; elastic modulus ; thermal expansion ; UO2 ; grain boundary ; Xe bubble ; Xe ; Kr ; occupation ; diffusion ; nucleation ; ReaxFF ; corrosion ; Fe-H2O interface ; free volume ; strain effect ; micro-cracking ; center pillar ; side crash simulation ; patchwork ; partial softening ; energy distribution ; NiTi ; shape memory alloy ; strain rate effect ; thermomechanical ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTU Mining technology and engineering
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  • 146
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The papers published in the Special Issue "Eco-Friendly Materials for Civil Construction: Utilization and Advantages" are now collected as a reprint supporting sustainability for changing our planet lifestyle of increasing consumerist and predatory actions. Indeed, this reprint serves as a warning that the traditional linear economy entails the generation of huge amounts of wastes and, consequently, a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, emphasis on sustainable action is mandatory for the required transition from a linear to a circular economy.The collection of papers comprising this reprint are intended to contribute to advance and understanding on the role of eco-friendly construction materials. They could not only promote saving in energy but also reduce pollution by incorporating urban, agricultural, and industrial wastes.
    Keywords: ubim fiber ; natural lignocellulosic fiber ; X-ray diffraction ; density ; morphology characterization ; waste tires ; molasses ; soil improving ; cements ; materials ; sustainability ; construction ; civil engineering ; phases ; castor oil polyurethane ; natural fiber biocomposite ; piassava fiber powder ; high-performance coating ; high-performance coating floor ; ornamental rock waste ; projected mortar ; life cycle assessment ; squeeze flow ; cement ; thermoelectric modules ; cost-efficiency ratio ; life cycle ; circular economy ; artificial stone ; vegetable polyurethane ; granite waste ; quartzite ; resin ; coating ; solid waste ; construction and demolition ; engineered stone ; wastes ; waste glass ; quartz ; epoxy resin ; glass waste ; sand ; liquid phase ; reuse ; low-cost GFRP ; square ; recycled brick aggregate ; regression ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Heusler type magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs) have gained a strong academic and practical importance during recent decades due to the giant effects they exhibit, particularly magnetostrain produced by magnetic field-induced twin boundaries motion and magneto(elasto)-caloric effects resulting from the magnetic field-induced martensitic transformation. This Special Issue intends to communicate the latest advances in R&D and theory of MSMAs. This book consists of a collection of eleven invited peer-reviewed papers, each detailing a particular aspect in the fundamental and/or applied investigation of MSMAs and related phenomena. The papers are a corpus of up-to-date information on the ongoing studies of MSMAs. It is hoped that this reprint will be useful to physicists and materials scientists, both specialists and graduate students, and enable future technological breakthroughs in engineering.
    Keywords: metamagnetic shape memory alloy ; microwire ; superelasticity ; martensitic transformation ; magnetocaloric effect ; magnetic-field-induced phase transformation ; magnetostructural transformation ; shape memory effect ; Ni-Mn-Ga ; FSMA ; electromagnetic coupling ; smart materials ; actuator ; magnetic shape memory alloys ; neutron scattering ; Heusler alloys ; doping ; ferromagnetism ; transition metals ; Heusler alloy ; superelastic effect ; stress-induced stabilization of martensite ; critical stress ; Young’s modulus ; ternary diagrams ; structural phase stability ; first-principles approach ; twinning ; a/c twins ; a/b twin laminate ; domain engineering ; internal friction ; neutron diffraction ; magnetocrystalline anisotropy ; Ni-Fe-Ga magnetic shape memory alloys ; elastocaloric and magnetocaloric effects ; spark plasma sintering ; additive manufacturing ; ferromagnetic ; microstructure ; nanoindentation ; sintering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTU Mining technology and engineering
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Cities are widely recognized as environments which can present risks to humans. Risks to health and well-being are measured in three groups of indices: physiological, emotional, and cognitive. The environmental factors discussed in studies include physical factors such as noise, heat load, and air pollution, and social factors include feelings of discomfort, crime, transportation, and access to health services. Some studies even argue that stress and health risks are intrinsic to urban environments and that restoration is intrinsic to green environments. This Topic aims to discuss what spaces can be greened and the effect this has on urban environments. It also discusses the effect of the size and layout of parks, vegetation on the walls and roofs of houses, and the effects of different types of vegetation, building materials, and energy-efficient design. Today’s environment demands new design processes, construction techniques, occupancy practices, and management strategies to increase the resilience of the built environment to extreme, uncontrollable, and unpredictable events while providing healthy and sustainable environments for people. This Topic reflects on what the new concept of sustainability for the built environment should be and how to guide new research directions.
    Keywords: environmentally friendly processing ; wastewater ; thermal comfort ; air quality monitoring ; indoor environment quality ; building innovation systems ; health outcomes ; smart home for health ; efficient interior lighting systems ; acoustics ; environmental buildings ; passive building strategies ; air pollution ; energy efficiency ; sustainable materials ; green architecture ; healthy architecture ; sustainable construction ; smart construction ; high-performance building ; sustainable processes ; energy policy ; green energy ; energy environmental impact ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint contains a Special Issue of the MDPI journal Machines on Italian advances in mechanism and machines science through a collection of selected papers from the Fourth International Conference of IFToMM Italy, IFIT 2022. The included papers belong to a broad range of disciplines in MMS, with research and design results that can be of interest not only to scholars in the field of MMS and mechanical engineering but also to professionals and even students, broadening their understanding of the problems and solutions under development, mainly, but not only, from the Italian community.
    Keywords: precision agriculture ; mobile manipulation ; motion planning ; analytic Jacobian ; inverse kinematics ; manipulability ; history of mms ; italian history of mechanism design ; models of mechanisms ; history of teaching ; italian mechanism collections ; kinematics ; planar mechanism ; instant center ; singular configuration ; machine design ; drone-based package delivery ; UAV transportation ; embedded payload ; packaging ; quick-release system ; hypoid gears ; friction ; wear ; elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication ; automatic machines ; planar parallel mechanism ; five bar linkage ; design optimization ; vibration reduction ; lightweight gears ; finite-element analysis ; multibody simulation ; design space exploration ; transmission error ; squeeze film damper ; seal instability ; rotor dynamics ; lubrication ; UGVs ; reconfigurable robots ; mechatronic design ; field robotics ; path and trajectory planning ; rollover detection ; heavy vehicles ; off-road applications ; predictive algorithms ; artificial intelligence ; load transfer ratio ; gas micro-turbine ; discriminant analysis ; vibrational analysis ; diesel blends ; kerosene ; biofuel ; statistical index ; accelerometer ; confusion matrix ; Cohen’s kappa ; human-robot collaboration ; human-in-the-loop ; virtual reality ; obstacle avoidance ; configuration-dependent substructuring ; dynamics of linkages ; three-points linkage ; vibrations ; feeding ; rotary device ; functional synthesis ; mechanical design ; applied mechanics ; tribology ; Boundary Elements Methods ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue, "Temperature Reduction Technologies Meet Asphalt Pavement: Green and Sustainability", covers various subjects related to advanced temperature reduction technologies in bituminous materials. It can help civil engineers and material scientists better identify underlying views for sustainable pavement constructions.
    Keywords: cold recycling mixture ; mixed-mode fracture performance ; fracture parameters ; cracking propagation ; Arcan test ; cold in-place recycling (CIR) ; disk-shaped compact tension (DCT) ; moisture-induced stress tester (MIST) ; dynamic modulus ; dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) ; asphalt binder cracking device (ABCD) ; porous asphalt concrete ; permeable road pavement ; temperature distributions ; urban heat island effect ; asphalt pavement ; accelerated loading test ; weighted sound pressure level ; pavement noise ; noise spectrum ; skid-resistance performance ; orthogonal test ; abrasion test ; groove parameters ; urban heat island effects ; water retentive material ; water retentive and thermal resistant cement concrete ; pavement temperature reduction ; road engineering ; polyphosphoric acid ; dynamic shear rheological test ; temperature sensing performance ; aging performance ; temperature reduction ; compaction ; asphalt mixture ; Graphite Nanoplatelets (GNP) ; aggregate packing ; epoxy asphalt concrete (EAC) ; low-emission mixed asphalt ; pavement structure ; finite element method (FEM) ; mechanical response ; life cycle assessment (LCA) ; cool pavement ; temperature distribution ; numerical simulation ; SBS modified asphalt binder ; aggregate ; interface ; adhesion property ; moisture effect ; molecular dynamics simulation ; modified bitumen ; waste cooking oil ; polyphosphate acid ; rheological property ; conventional property ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: How marketers learned to dream of optimization and speak in the idiom of management science well before the widespread use of the Internet.Algorithms, data extraction, digital marketers monetizing "eyeballs": these all seem like such recent features of our lives. And yet, Lee McGuigan tells us in this eye-opening book, digital advertising was well underway before the widespread use of the Internet. Explaining how marketers have brandished the tools of automation and management science to exploit new profit opportunities, Selling the American People traces data-driven surveillance all the way back to the 1950s, when the computerization of the advertising business began to blend science, technology, and calculative cultures in an ideology of optimization. With that ideology came adtech, a major infrastructure of digital capitalism.To help make sense of today's attention merchants and choice architects, McGuigan explores a few key questions: How did technical experts working at the intersection of data processing and management sciences come to command the center of gravity in the advertising and media industries? How did their ambition to remake marketing through mathematical optimization shape and reflect developments in digital technology? In short, where did adtech come from, and how did data-driven marketing come to mediate the daily encounters of people, products, and public spheres? His answers show how the advertising industry's efforts to bend information technologies toward its dream of efficiency and rational management helped to make "surveillance capitalism" one of the defining experiences of public life.
    Keywords: Advertising ; adtech ; optimization ; media studies ; political economy of media ; science and technology studies ; history ; surveillance capitalism ; data ; automation ; programmatic advertising ; privacy ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science and technology on society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In collaboration with the MDPI publishing house, we are pleased to introduce the reader to our new project, a Special Issue entitled “Advanced Eco-friendly Wood-Based Composites”. This Special Issue provides an opportunity to investigate advanced eco-friendly wood-based composites from a broader perspective. The coronavirus pandemic and shutdown measures employed to contain it, as well as the ongoing war in Ukraine, have influenced and decelerated the world economy and adversely impacted research activities on most levels in all countries. Surprisingly, researchers in the field of wood-based composites have continued to make progress, which is also described in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: polyurethane foams ; filler ; wood particles ; structure ; properties ; magnesium lignosulfonate ; sodium lignosulfonate ; bio-based adhesives ; urea formaldehyde resin ; wood-based composites ; particleboards ; formaldehyde content ; physical and mechanical properties ; acid-base buffer ; lightweight panels ; waste cardboard ; corner joints ; bending strength ; stiffness ; eco-friendly wood ; lattice beams ; mechanical properties ; wood characterization ; photodegradation ; artificial weathering ; color change ; ultraviolet radiation ; machine learning ; fractionated lignin ; bio-polyurethane resin ; ramie fiber ; impregnation ; thermal stability ; biopolymer ; wood ; upcycling ; composite ; recycling ; physical properties ; carbon storage ; raspberry ; black chokeberry ; bio waste ; moisture content ; angle of repose ; slippery angle of repose ; poured bulk density ; tapped bulk density ; alternative raw material ; walnut ; applied pressure ; wood residues ; resin content ; particleboard ; hemp ; polymer ; composites ; chemical and physical properties ; fiber ; extract ; separation efficiency ; wood dust ; long-term filtration ; dust filtration ; maturation of filter bags ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Robotics and intelligent systems often appear to be linked, as they take advantage of the best abilities of each other towards a common goal. In industry, it is common to see robotic systems aided by machine learning and vice versa and in applications spanning from robot navigation, grasping, human–robot interaction/collaboration, safety, and team management, among others. Achievements targeting the industrial domain can be directly applied in robotic systems operating in other domains. While the advancements in the last few years have been enormous, industrial robotics and intelligent systems face several scientific and technological challenges related to their integration with other systems, interaction with humans, safety, flexibility, reconfigurability, and autonomy. These challenges are especially relevant when robots operate in unstructured industrial environments and share their workspaces with human co-workers and other robots. This reprint collects research and technological achievements related to advanced intelligent robotic systems. The contributions cover the coordination of multiple robots navigating on the factory floor, path planning strategies, human–robot interaction, robot redundancy and kinematics, systems integration, grasping, and manipulation.
    Keywords: dynamic programming ; redundancy resolution ; redundant robot ; inverse kinematics ; ROS ; industrial manipulator ; multi-AGV control ; path planning ; Timed Enhanced A* ; tolerance to communication faults ; multi-robot coordination ; automated guided vehicles ; routing ; scheduling ; motion planning ; simulation ; robotics ; forward kinematics ; computational mechanics ; robot manipulator kinematics ; 3D robot modeling ; three-phase inverter ; linear synchronous motor (LSM) ; magnetic levitation ; magnetic propulsion ; permanent magnet motors ; trajectory optimization criteria ; robotic arms ; trajectory evaluation ; bin picking ; industrial robots ; modeling ; pose estimation ; robot vision ; human–robot interaction ; AMR navigation ; AMR safety ; human perception ; courtesy cues ; forward and backward scenarios ; HTA questionnaire ; shop floor configuration ; indoor localization ; state estimation ; covariance intersection ; uncertainty-aware state observer ; object transportation ; cooperative control ; mobile manipulator ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue includes manuscripts on mechanistic understanding, development, and implementation of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for the removal of contaminants of emerging concern in water and wastewater treatment. The main goal was successfully achieved under the joint effort of authors, anonymous reviewers, and editorial managers. In total, one review and 15 research papers are included in the Special Issue. These are mainly focused on catalyst synthesis, reactor design, treatment performance, kinetic modeling, reaction mechanisms, and by-product formation during electrochemical, photocatalytic, plasma, persulfate, chlorine, ozone-based, and Fenton-related AOPs at different scales. This Special Issue has received attention from researchers from different parts of the world such as Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, India, Mexico, and the USA. The guest editors are happy to see that all papers presented are innovative and meaningful, and hope that this Special Issue can promote mechanistic understanding and engineering applications of AOPs for the removal of contaminants of emerging concern in water.
    Keywords: advanced oxidation processes ; discharge plasma ; reactive species ; environmental remediation ; combination system ; degradation mechanism ; emerging contaminant ; photocatalysis ; TiO2 doped ; discarded metal waste ; sol–gel ; RhB degradation ; heterogeneous catalyst ; copper–magnesium oxide/carbon nitride composite ; PMS activation ; micro-pollutant treatment ; titanium dioxide ; reactor design ; energy per order ; immobilized catalyst ; boron-doped diamond electrodes ; per and polyfluorinated alkyl substances ; chemical oxidation ; 14C-labeled PFOA ; UV/PDS ; micropollutants ; radical contribution rates ; kinetic models ; degradation pathways ; acrylic fiber manufacturing wastewater ; Fenton reaction ; advanced oxidation method ; anodic oxidation ; BTEX ; groundwater pollution ; electrochemical oxidation ; sustainable development goals ; azo dyes ; Methyl Orange ; novel plasma reactor ; oxidized degradation ; plasma technology ; response surface methodology (RSM) ; heterogeneous electro-Fenton ; composite catalyst ; Rhodamine B dye ; textile wastewater ; biodegradability ; pharmaceuticals ; metal–organic framework ; adsorption ; performance ; catalytic ozonation ; atrazine ; CeO2 ; mesoporous ; intrinsic kinetics ; packed bed ; UV-LEDs ; Monte Carlo ; BPA degradation ; photo-Fenton ; nanocomposite catalysts ; bisphenol A mineralization ; solar photo-Fenton ; medium pressure UV/chlorine ; advanced oxidation process ; disinfection by-products ; benzene derivatives ; bromide (Br−) ; electro-hybrid ozonation–coagulation (E-HOC) ; laundry wastewater ; hydroxyl radical ; microplastic ; surfactant ; advanced oxidation ; concern ; contaminant ; electrochemical ; emerging ; oxidation ; ozonation ; persulfate ; radical ; UV ; chlorine ; UV/chlorine ; Fenton ; plasma ; water ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Extreme hydrometeorological events, which cause severe impacts in terms of injuries, casualties, and socioeconomic losses, are being reported more and more frequently worldwide. Climate variability and anthropogenic changes amplify the impacts of these events. This reprint showcases studies which address challenges related to monitoring, modeling, forecasting, and assessing the impacts of hydrometeorological hazards. These studies focus on: (i) the description of recent relevant extreme hydrometeorological events, accompanied by analyses of spatiotemporal features and trends; (ii) the estimation and projection of the impacts of climate change and land-use transformations on the occurrence and severity of hydrometeorological extreme events, with associated uncertainties; (iii) the integration of remote sensing data or climate forecasts and models to provide timely warnings or reliable predictions; and (iv) the use of advanced statistical methodologies to characterize extreme hydrometeorological events, among other topics.
    Keywords: soil moisture ; dry spells ; time domain reflectometry ; moisture decrease model ; Poland ; extreme events ; hydrological indicators ; SPI ; water resources management ; repeated TLS surveys ; DEM of Difference (DoD), sediment budgeting ; glacial and postglacial surface features ; Svalbard ; floods ; GIS ; natural hazards ; risk management ; spatial management ; risk preparedness ; urban flooding ; resilience ; climate change adaptation ; community involvement ; urban population estimation ; building capacity ; flood impact ; GIS modelling ; flood mitigation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The rise of photonics technologies has driven an extremely fast evolution in biosensing applications. Such rapid progress has created a gap of understanding and insight capability in the general public about advanced sensing systems that have been made progressively available by these new technologies. Thus, there is currently a clear need for moving the meaning of some keywords, such as plasmonic, into the daily vocabulary of a general audience with a reasonable degree of education. The selection of the scientific works reported in this book is carefully balanced between reviews and research papers and has the purpose of presenting a set of applications and case studies sufficiently broad enough to enlighten the reader attention toward the great potential of plasmonic biosensing and the great impact that can be expected in the near future for supporting disease screening and stratification.
    Keywords: gold nanorods ; silica coating ; localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) ; surface functionalization ; SPR biosensor ; enzyme ; laccase ; chlorophene ; emerging pollutant ; water sample ; plasmonic nanowires ; molecular sensing ; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy ; porous alumina ; TREM2 sensors ; Alzheimer’s disease ; plasmonic interferometry ; optical biosensor ; surface plasmon resonance ; olfactory sensors ; electronic noses ; volatile organic compounds ; odorants ; SPR ; cell-based assay ; viral growth kinetics ; human coronavirus ; hydroxychloroquine ; protease ; caspase ; avidin-biotin interaction ; biosensors ; AuNPs ; metal–graphene hybrid ; simulations ; Mie theory ; African swine fever virus (ASFV) ; loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) ; surface plasmon resonance (SPR) ; fluorescence detection ; SERS analysis ; plasmonic metal nanoparticles ; hotspots ; hybrid materials ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint compiles the articles, communications, and review articles from top researchers describing novel or new cutting-edge designs, developments, and/or applications of unmanned vehicles. This reprint encompasses the key topics related to drone design, communications as well as autonomous Flight and Navigation. Special attention is paid to the drones’ applications to environmental and earth sciences, including in agriculture, forestry, water, and marine environments; other innovative applications are also explored including in relation to the field of application, such as the inclusion of new deep learning techniques.
    Keywords: convolutional neural network ; deep learning ; transfer learning ; point clouds ; structural damage assessment ; vegetation indices ; RGB cameras ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; empirical line method ; Green leaf index ; open aerial map ; autonomous ; hexacopter ; water quality ; water stratification ; water temperature ; drones ; Martian atmosphere ; thermal analysis ; aerodynamics ; thermoelectric generators ; hyperspectral images ; multispectral data ; machine learning ; ice detection ; UAS ; GCP ; 3D point cloud ; DSM ; image processing accuracy ; actual evapotranspiration ; high spatiotemporal resolution ; multispectral imagery ; thermal infrared imagery ; METRIC energy balance model ; irrigated field crops ; precision agriculture ; travelling salesman problem ; UAV-based precision farming ; Euclidean distance ; Voronoi ; site-specific fertilizer spray ; UAV ; RPAAS ; aerial application ; backpack sprayer ; spray deposition ; droplet spectra ; palmer amaranth ; morningglory ; Reforming-Controlled Compression Ignition ; UAV applications ; exergy analysis ; hydrogen ; dimethyl ether ; fuel reactivity control ; FANETs ; ad hoc networking ; drone swarms ; efficient routing ; traffic monitoring ; 4G/LTE ; VPN ; real-time video ; computer vision ; unmanned aerial systems ; autonomous systems ; wildland fire ; forest fires ; fire detection ; UAVs ; safety ; signal processing ; condition-based maintenance ; structural health monitoring ; fault diagnostics ; fault mitigation ; contingency planning ; streamflow ; sediment loading ; digital terrain model ; rocky coast ; Galicia ; ecosystems ; geomorphic change detection ; GIS ; drone ; dragonfly ; insect ; biomimetic ; biological inspiration ; design ; remote sensing ; coral reefs ; linear unmixing ; R ; Google Earth Engine ; persistent surveillance ; hierarchical architecture of UAV teaming ; communication aware UAV formation ; dynamical object tracking ; intercommunication quality ; UAV-based monitoring ; agricultural robotics ; plant disease detection ; RGB images ; Cercospora leaf spot ; CNNs ; semantic segmentation ; phenotyping ; bog ; Oculus Quest 2 ; Mer Bleue ; SfM ; augmented reality ; AR ; unmanned aerial systems (UAS) ; aerial photogrammetry ; habitat monitoring ; braided river habitats ; efficiency ; data envelopment analysis (DEA) ; civilian use ; factors ; design and selection ; law-making ; mind-mining ; expert groups ; literature study ; triple helix model (THM) ; analytic hierarchy process (AHP) ; collision avoidance ; depth cameras ; point cloud ; CPU ; GPU ; spiral ; Mars ; autogyro ; gyroplane ; autonomous flight ; indoor positioning ; cyber pilot ; sensor fusion ; distributed electric propulsion ; boundary layer ingestion ; propeller ; fixed wing ; aerial drones ; autonomous navigation ; path planning ; reactive control ; obstacle avoidance ; sense-and-avoid ; hybrid navigation method ; dynamic environments ; small unmanned aircraft systems ; photogrammetry ; structure-from-motion ; wind impact ; turbulence ; crash scene reconstruction ; traffic incident management ; detection ; CBRNe ; MOX ; chemical sensor ; simulation ; fluid dynamics simulations ; green water ; integrated water management strategies ; smallholder farms ; water productivity ; localization ; communication ; drone swarm ; lidar ; streams ; canopy height ; roughness ; vegetation density ; change detection ; NB-IoT ; network analysis ; simulations ; landslides ; multispectral ; RGB ; vegetation monitoring ; legislation ; ethics ; spatial social sciences ; advanced leak detection ; advanced leak quantification ; source estimation ; environmental monitoring ; landfill ; natural gas ; human–swarm interaction ; situation awareness ; user-centered interface design ; thermal imaging ; blackbody ; emissivity ; thermography ; base stations ; cellular networks ; photovoltaic system ; battery ; search and rescue ; autonomous drones ; acceleration ; deceleration ; drone classification ; CNN ; HERM lines ; micro-Doppler ; radars ; aeromagnetics ; drone survey ; mineral exploration ; geophysical prospecting ; speed ; RFID ; inventory ; labor ; forecast ; drone technology ; aquaculture ; precision aquaculture ; aquaculture monitoring ; aquaculture drones ; internet of things ; swarm robotics ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; evolutionary game theory ; evolutionary algorithm ; surveillance system ; multi-objective optimisation ; digital elevation model (DEM) ; digital surface model (DSM) ; orthomosaic ; Earth observation ; unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) ; social acceptance ; urban air mobility (UAM) ; CORUS-XUAM ; proper orthogonal decomposition ; cellular-enabled drones ; aerial base stations ; 5G/B5G/6G cellular networks ; gesture recognition ; small drone ; long-distance surveillance ; ground target tracking ; track-to-track association ; image-to-position conversion ; anti-collision radar ; autonomous flight unmanned aerial system ; obstacle detection ; radar mapping ; unmanned aerial system (UAS) ; n/a ; grazing density ; nutrient ; pasture management ; forage grass ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The first international Precision Agriculture Pakistan Conference (PAPC), in 2022, was held in person at PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi (PMAS-AAUR), Pakistan. The PAPC provided opportunities to local researchers to collaborate with national and international researchers in the field of Digital and Precision Agriculture through oral and poster presentations, exhibits, field demonstrations, as well as discussions and the exchange of information. The world’s leading Precision and Digital Agriculture researchers from Canada, China, the USA, Australia and Turkey gave keynote addresses during the PAPC 2022. The conference introduced new ideas, solutions and research in the agricultural sector, especially considering global climate change.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint aims to bring together cutting-edge research on machine health monitoring and fault diagnosis techniques. Machine health monitoring and fault diagnosis are crucial aspects of maintaining the reliability and efficiency of industrial machinery. With the increasing complexity of modern machines, there is a growing need for advanced techniques that can quickly detect and diagnose potential faults before they become serious problems. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art methods in machine health monitoring and fault diagnosis techniques and stimulate further research in this important field.
    Keywords: Machine health monitoring ; Fault diagnosis ; Intelligent diagnosis algorithm. ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
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  • 160
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Foods derived from grains and grain-based ingredients represent a crucial source of energy and nutrients for humans. Cereals are conventional food materials, while interest is growing in the utilization of pseudocereals, pulses, oilseeds, and other grains to develop various foods and food ingredients. Grain and food processing converts raw grains into functional ingredients and creates palatable and nutritious end-products. During processing, various physical and chemical changes and interactions take place, affecting the nutritional, textural, sensory, and other quality properties of the products. Methods, protocols, and equipment have been developed to process, monitor, and control processing parameters to achieve the desired end-product quality or functionality. This reprint covers diverse topics related to grain-processing innovations and the effect of both conventional and innovative grain processes on the properties of grain-derived ingredients, intermediates, and end products.
    Keywords: climate change ; heat resource effectiveness ; hourly accumulated temperature simulation ; rice potential yield ; whole foxtail millet flour ; amylose content ; japonica and glutinous ; Chinese steamed bread ; texture properties ; northern cold area ; maize seeds ; physical characteristics ; principal component analysis ; cluster comprehensive analysis ; wheat ; flour ; dough ; mixing ; hydrophobic interaction ; aggregation ; corn ; hammermill ; moisture content ; particle size ; gaseous chlorine dioxide ; buckwheat-based composited flour ; fresh buckwheat noodle ; shelf-life and quality characteristics ; whole grain bread ; pulse ; yellow pea ; green pea ; lentil ; chickpea ; Mixolab ; dough rheology ; bread texture ; ayocote bean ; black bean ; bread ; protein digestibility ; sensorial properties ; pulses ; red lentils ; protein ; roller milling ; near infrared spectroscopy ; sorghum ; starch ; amylose ; amylopectin ; high throughput phenotyping ; genetic diversity ; plant breeding ; granular flow ; particulate flow ; extrusion ; food powders ; powder rheology ; composition ; sugar ; purple-colored wheat ; wheat bran ; blending ratio ; fresh noodles ; antioxidant properties ; alternative sweeteners ; sucrose ; cookies ; baking ; sugar reduction ; kabuli ; milling ; de-hull ; roller mill ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Unlike transistors, the continuous downscaling of feature size in CMOS technology leads to a dramatic rise in interconnect resistivity and concomitant performance degradation. At nanoscale technology nodes, interconnect delay and reliability become the major bottlenecks faced by modern integrated circuits. To resolve these interconnect problems, various emerging technologies, including airgap, nanocarbon, optical, and through-silicon via (TSV), have been proposed and investigated. For example, by virtue of TSV technology, dies can be stacked to increase the integration density. More importantly, 3D integration and packaging also offer the most promising platform to implement "More-than-Moore" technologies, providing heterogeneous materials and technologies on a single chip. The "Advanced Interconnect and Packaging" Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers on new developments in advanced interconnect and packaging, i.e., on the design, modeling, fabrication, and reliability assessment of emerging interconnect and packaging technologies. Additionally, there are two interesting papers on carbon nanotube interconnects and interconnect reliability issues.
    Keywords: antenna current ; transmission line model ; frequency-selective surface analytical approximation ; low-temperature soldering ; 3D IC ; Bi aggregation ; Sn-Bi solder ; integrated circuit interconnects ; aging ; reliability ; electromigration ; physics-based modeling ; average power handling capability (APHC) ; slow-wave transmission line (SWTL) ; thermal resistance ; average heat-spreading width ; temperature-dependent resistivity ; broadside structure ; far-end crosstalk ; impedance ; interposer channel ; silicon interposer ; vertical tabbed via ; on-chip interconnect ; carbon nanotube ; through-silicon-via (TSV) ; Cu-CNT composite ; Cu–Sn bonding ; Au–Au bonding ; graphene ; high-temperature pressure sensor ; substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) ; spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) ; integrated passive device ; through-dielectric capacitor (TDC) ; electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) ; interposers ; low-loss substrates ; noise suppression structures ; packages ; power delivery network (PDN) ; power/ground noise ; Pt–Pt interconnection ; high-temperature resistant packaging ; metallic bonding ; Au wire bonding ; high-temperature annealing ; focused ion beam (FIB) ; morphology analysis ; wettability ; hot-melt glass ; flow time ; coverage thickness ; SiO2 and Au substrate ; MEMS sensor ; reliability evaluation ; vacuum degradation ; mathematical model ; parylene ; blood oxygen ; sensing array ; wearable device ; on-chip spiral inductor ; circuit model ; kinetic inductance ; quantum resistance ; frequency selective rasorber (FSR) ; spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPP) ; frequency selective surface (FSS) ; broadband ; dual active bridge ; deadbeat controller ; load feedforward ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Agricultural productivity should increase to meet the growing food demand. Tillage is defined as the mechanical manipulation of agricultural soil, and it is an extremely vital part of crop production, particularly for seedbed preparation and weed control. Tillage operations are carried out using mechanical force, commonly with a tractor-drawn tool to achieve the cutting, inversion, pulverization, and disturbance of soil. A significant part of the energy (from fossil fuels) used in crop production is expended in tillage. This energy use results in greenhouse gas emissions. It is essential that we reduce energy use (hence, greenhouse gas emissions) to achieve sustainable farming practices and improve crop production and design new tillage tools or optimize the existing tools. Although the design and evaluation of tillage tools are generally carried out using analytical methods and field experiments, with recent technological improvements, computer technology has been used for the design and evaluation of tillage tools. Additionally, sensor technology can improve the efficiency of tillage tools. This Special Issue collated innovative papers that make a significant contribution to the design and application of agricultural equipment in tillage systems. It involved original research and review papers from different research fields, such as agricultural engineering, engineering simulation, and precision agriculture.
    Keywords: deep learning ; machine vision ; weeder ; smart agriculture ; mechanical control ; agricultural ; unmanned ; electrical tractor ; no-tillage ; disc ; spring-tine ; soil ; property ; traffic ; rapeseed transplanting ; hole-forming device ; key components ; experiment ; electric tractor ; motor efficiency ; dual motor coupling drive ; I-SA algorithm ; generalization ability ; parameter identification ; image processing ; two-wheeled robot trailer ; steering control ; strip farming ; no-tillage sowing ; sowing strip cleaning ; spiral discharge straw ; discrete element simulation ; anti-blocking and row-sorting ; compound planter ; ditching ; soil separation spiral ; discrete element method ; parameter optimization ; agricultural machinery ; HMCVT ; correction of characteristics ; I-PSO algorithm ; parameter match ; residual film recovery machine ; DEM ; virtual simulation ; hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission ; tractor ; optimization design ; simulation experiments ; I-GA ; geometric principle ; plough ; ploughshares ; durability calculation method ; agricultural machine ; wear ; plasma-hardening surface ; simulation ; quality improvement ; improved genetic algorithm ; full-factorial test ; single evaluation index modeling method ; control strategy ; soil cover ; discrete element ; soil-covering thickness ; seed offset ; rice combine harvester ; throwing device ; wind blades ; fluid analysis ; deflector optimization ; throwing width ; cotton recovery device ; EDEM ; parameters optimization ; MBD ; coupled simulation ; seeding ; soybean ; seed–soil ; corn seed ; collision restitution coefficient ; residual film recovery device ; response surface regression model ; seedbed clearing and shaping ; stone removal rate ; seeding furrow ; dry direct-seeded rice ; discrete element modeling ; dual vs. single tyres ; rut depth ; soil bearing capacity ; soil displacement ; tractive efficiency ; tyre size and inflation pressure ; Kmeans ; DBSCAN ; GMM ; tilling depth ; well-cellar cavitating mechanism ; MBD-DEM bidirectional coupling model ; optimal design ; cavitating law ; flat disc ; analytical force prediction model ; discrete element method (DEM) ; soil-tool interaction ; disc seeder ; disc blade ; force prediction ; semi-analytical model ; sandy soil ; stubble management ; no-till sowing ; stalk cutting ; post-harvest ; prototype ; multi-body dynamics (MBD) ; DEM-MBD coupling ; topsoil burial ; tillage ; traction ; compaction ; neural networks ; support vector regression ; fuzzy inference system ; adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system ; calibration ; DEM contact models ; soil dynamics ; soil failure ; soil forces ; cohesive and frictional soils ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Propulsion systems based on chemical reaction principles are still the most widely used thrust devices for aircrafts, drawing a lot of research attention. Whether in traditional propulsion systems including aero-engines, rocket engines, ramjets and scramjets, or new developed combined power systems (such as TBCCs and RBCCs), thermal protection, flow dynamics and combustion instabilities in engine systems are still major concerns, especially for high-speed aircraft. Thermal protection has become the biggest issue for hypersonic aircraft experiencing extremely high external aerodynamic heating and internal combustion heat release. Another challenging issue is the risk of combustion instability inside some propulsion systems, which couples with an unsteady heat release process and leads to high thermal load. Some optimized or novel design, analysis and simulated methods have been applied to the structural design, heat transfer and flow dynamics of propulsion systems. New measurement methods have been proposed to realize clear and accurate visualizations of flow field and combustion products, such as high-resolution PIV and burst-mode high frequency LIF. In addition, new concepts have been proposed aiming at improving the efficiency of propulsion systems, such as the application of powder fuel instead of traditional fuels and the application of supercritical fluids and nanofluids in thermal management systems.
    Keywords: porous/lattice structures ; thermal management technology ; heat transfer enhancement ; transpiration cooling ; gelled fuel ; rheological properties ; atomization characteristics ; Sauter mean diameter ; gas-centered swirl coaxial injector ; chamber backpressure ; dynamic characteristics ; pulsation flow ; solid oxide fuel cell ; tubular structure ; ammonia fuel ; multiphysics field simulation ; shipborne UAV applications ; cryogenic flow boiling ; critical heat flux ; asymmetric heating ; non-circular channels ; additive manufacturing ; GR-Cop42 ; departure from nucleate boiling correlation ; regenerative cooling ; supercritical CO2 ; heat flux ; acceleration ; flow pattern ; spatial orthogonal bifurcation ; chirality ; pressure measurement ; nonlinear dynamic analysis ; vortex structure ; endwall film cooling ; thermophysical property ; turbine vane ; coolant coverage ; premixed combustion ; closed flame system ; extreme turbulence ; PIV ; C-X CH PLIF ; liquid film ; acoustic oscillations ; heat and mass transfer ; Kelvin–Helmholtz instability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book brings together all 16 articles published in the Special Issue "Applied Mathematics to Mechanisms and Machines" of the MDPI Mathematics journal, in the section “Engineering Mathematics”. The subject matter covered by these works is varied, but they all have mechanisms as the object of study and mathematics as the basis of the methodology used. In fact, the synthesis, design and optimization of mechanisms, robotics, automotives, maintenance 4.0, machine vibrations, control, biomechanics and medical devices are among the topics covered in this book. This volume may be of interest to all who work in the field of mechanism and machine science and we hope that it will contribute to the development of both mechanical engineering and applied mathematics.
    Keywords: path generation ; dimensional synthesis ; hybrid optimization ; slider-crank mechanism ; hybrid compliant mechanisms ; path analysis ; numerical methods ; elliptic integrals ; kinematics ; Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm ; convergence ; neural networks ; local minima ; optimization ; three-legged parallel mechanism ; compliant mechanism ; flexure-based mechanism ; flexure ; compliant joint ; decoupled motion ; coupled motion ; stiffness ; compliance ; suspension algorithm ; predictive suspension ; land vehicle ; sprung mass ; autoencoder ; aeroengine ; denoising ; GRU ; rotordynamic ; adaptive rejection control ; sinusoidal disturbance ; flexible rotor ; hydrodynamic journal bearing ; six-bar mechanism ; dynamic balancing ; fully Cartesian coordinates ; multiobjective optimization ; differential evolution ; Pareto front ; serial robotic manipulators ; singularity identification ; geometric algebra ; rotor group ; distance to a singularity ; air flow medical sensor ; emergency air flow sensor ; low-cost air flow sensor ; nanostructures ; COVID-19 ; FEM analysis ; biomechanics ; effort mathematical models ; NMR reconstruction ; reverse engineering ; elbow joint ; zipper-coupled tubes ; Miura-ori pattern ; deployable mechanism ; origami inspired design ; smooth sheet attachment ; relative rotation ; jump ; safe basin ; fractal ; heteroclinic bifurcation ; delayed feedback ; helical spring ; vibration ; Frenet trihedral ; dispersion relation ; natural frequency ; approximate entropy ; non-linear systems ; phase space reconstruction ; fault classification ; random forest ; support vector machines ; lateral dynamics ; track parameters ; vehicle mathematical modeling ; safety vehicle index ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Since the emergence of the Coronavirus-19 infectious disease (COVID-19) pandemic, a rising number of reports have underlined the risk of increasing antimicrobial resistance due to antibiotic overuse in COVID-19 patients. In addition, many physicians and pharmacists involved in antimicrobial stewardship have had to shift their activities to the containment of the COVID-19 crisis. In contrast to this observed overconsumption of antibiotics, very few bacterial superinfections have been documented in COVID-19 patients, especially in patients admitted outside the intensive care unit and in the first days of admission. However, the identification of bacterial co-/superinfections in COVID-19 patients is difficult, as inflammatory and radiological markers of bacterial infection lack specificity in this setting. Furthermore, studies regarding the effect of immune suppression, including the use of corticosteroids and anti-interleukins, and the effect of potential immunomodulatory properties of certain antibiotics on the occurrence of bacterial co-/superinfection are needed.This Special Issue of Antibiotics aims to increase our knowledge regarding (more or less specific) markers associated with bacterial co-/superinfection in COVID-19 patients, quantitative and qualitative data regarding antibiotic prescriptions in COVID-19 patients, potential beneficial effects of antibiotic use in certain COVID-19 subgroups, detrimental effects associated with antibiotic overuse in COVID-19 patients, and evidence-based guidelines, which could facilitate the decision-making process when antibiotic prescriptions are considered.
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; antimicrobial use ; multicentre ; point-prevalence study ; Influenza ; co-infection ; secondary infections ; aspergillosis ; ivermectin ; randomized-controlled trial ; prevention ; treatment ; SARS-CoV-2 ; antiviral ; antibiotic ; azithromycin ; remdesivir ; macrolides ; virus ; coronavirus ; immunolides ; antivirus ; pandemics ; procalcitonin ; SARS virus ; community-acquired infections ; emergency service ; hospital ; pneumonia ; viral ; community-acquired pneumonia ; Mid-regional Pro-adrenomedullin ; ARDS ; biomarker ; prognosis ; superinfection ; bacterial co-infection ; bacterial superinfection ; antibiotic stewardship ; AMR ; antibiotics ; cephalosporin ; secondary infection ; variant of concern ; interleukin-6 receptor antagonist ; early administration ; mortality rates ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Encyclopedia of Engineering aims at providing a collection of entries concerning several fields of Engineering Sciences. The reprint provides a historical overview, starting from the investigation of Mechanics and Science in Ancient Greece and showing their evolution over time. The topical collection focuses on Civil, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering providing basic concepts as well as novel trends in modeling, design and construction of engineering systems, structures, and materials. Special attention is also given to the recent developments and achievements in the framework of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.
    Keywords: ball burnishing ; acoustoplasticity ; vibration-assistance ; surface integrity ; surface topology ; classical mechanics ; fundaments ; history ; epistemology ; analytical mechanics ; nanoparticles ; colloidal solutions ; electrical charging ; self-polarization ; mixed-electrode ; particle growth ; particle interaction ; machine learning ; supervised learning ; unsupervised learning ; reinforcement learning ; additive manufacturing ; design for additive manufacturing ; additive manufacturing process ; additive manufacturing monitoring ; limits of nanotechnology ; nanofacility shrinking ; modularity ; sustainability ; hierarchical organization ; entropy export ; time scales ; life cycles ; non-thermal extraction ; bioactive compounds ; nanoencapsulation ; ultrasound ; cold plasma ; high-pressure processing ; supercritical extraction ; pulse electric field ; speed ; infrastructure ; rolling stock ; in-cab signaling system ; absence of level crossing ; approach alignment ; outer radius ; circulatory roadway ; apron ; splitter island ; roundabout entry ; roundabout exit ; longitudinal slope ; smart factory ; cloud computing ; fog computing ; edge computing ; knowledge integration ; knowledge management ; data analytics ; text analytics ; knowledge graph ; high carbon steel wire ; reinforcing material ; automobile tire ; steel cord ; bead wire ; drawing ; patenting ; brass-plated wire ; laying ; cooling systems ; turbine casings ; Active Clearance Control ; silicon micro-strips ; tracker detectors ; positioning algorithms ; least-squares method ; track reconstructions ; natural hazards ; disasters ; global impacts ; disaster management ; built environment ; GNSS ; ionosphere ; remote sensing ; catalysis ; buildings ; heat pumps ; dehumidification ; carbon capture ; emissions ; indoor air quality ; cogeneration ; non-precious metals ; photo-catalysis ; electrocatalysis ; aircraft icing ; aircraft safety ; computational fluid dynamics ; OpenFOAM ; data-driven modeling ; offsite manufacturing ; inter-modular connections ; Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DfMA) ; structural design ; modularisation ; modular construction ; panelised construction ; connection design—worked example ; design for transportation ; lifting and handling ; mechanics ; mathematics ; natural philosophy ; Aristotle ; Euclid ; flywheel energy storage ; high-speed rotors ; mechanical design ; manufacturing ; analytical modeling ; failure prediction ; decision matrix ; tsunami alert ; tsunami awareness ; tsunami efficiency ; tsunami hazard ; tsunami messages ; tsunami preparedness ; tsunami ready ; tsunami risk ; tsunami warning ; polyelectrolyte microcapsules ; decapsulation ; controlled release ; infilled RC frames ; nonstructural elements ; earthquake damages ; macro-models ; seismic behavior ; two-lane highways ; rural ; passing ; platooning ; access ; mobility ; low-volume roads ; desiccation cracking ; hydromechanical coupling ; unsaturated soil mechanics ; release node technique ; urban transportation ; transportation demand management ; electrification of urban transportation ; intelligent transportation system ; transit-oriented development (TOD) ; GNSS-RTN ; real-time network ; highly accurate geospatial data ; transportation ; tall buildings ; gravity-load systems ; lateral-load systems ; shear walls ; bracings ; rigid frames ; structural systems charts ; tube structures ; core-outrigger systems ; interior and exterior systems ; solar architecture ; energy engineering ; solar solution ; application category ; application group ; solar surface ; energy conversion ; energy harvesting ; energy losses ; solar irradiation ; life cycle assessment ; balance ; carbon ; cost ; return on investment ; road markings ; road signs ; road safety ; traffic control devices ; road infrastructure ; maintenance ; rehabilitation ; sewer history ; sewer system ; architecture ; biology ; bioinspiration ; biomimetics ; biomimicry ; interdisciplinarity ; analogical design process ; nonlocal continuum mechanics ; nanostructures ; integral elasticity ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Safety and sustainability are becoming ever bigger challenges for the mining industry with the increasing depth of mining. It is of great significance to reduce the disaster risk of mining accidents, enhance the safety of mining operations, and improve the efficiency and sustainability of development of mineral resource. This book provides a platform to present new research and recent advances in the safety and sustainability of mining. More specifically, Mining Safety and Sustainability presents recent theoretical and experimental studies with a focus on: safety mining, green mining, sustainable development, risk management of mines, mining methods and technologies, damage monitoring and prediction. It will be further helpful to provide theoretical support and technical support for guiding the normative, green, safe and sustainable development of the mining industry.
    Keywords: &nbsp ; safety mining ; green mining ; intelligent mining and mines ; sustainable development ; risk management of mines ; ecological restoration of mines ; mining methods and technologies ; damage monitoring and prediction &nbsp ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Hot deformation is a key method of processing metallic materials and controlling their final properties through structure-forming processes. The ability to exploit the structural potentiality of both traditional alloys and new progressive materials is crucial in terms of sustainable development and economic growth. This reprint focuses not only on conventional technologies (e.g., rolling or forging) but also on modern procedures, such as various types of complex thermomechanical processing and controlled cooling. Most papers are based on the application of advanced hot deformation simulators and structural analysis methods, as well as computer simulations of bulk-forming processes.
    Keywords: processing maps ; activation energy maps ; flow stress maps ; artificial neural networks ; low-alloy steel ; austenitization temperature ; plastic deformation ; phase transformations ; CCT diagram ; dynamic recrystallization ; KoBo extrusion ; mechanical properties ; Al–Cu alloys ; microstructure and superplastic deformation ; semi-solid isothermal compression ; aluminum alloy ; microstructure ; deformation characteristics ; deformation mechanism ; constitutive equations ; flow stress model ; tensile deformation ; constitutive model ; stress correction ; high-carbon bainitic steel ; dynamic and post-dynamic softening ; hot-rolling ; final microstructure and mechanical properties ; β titanium alloy ; flow behavior ; forging metal specimens ; ultrasonic investigation ; Barkhausen noise ; hidden defects ; 47Zr-45Ti-5Al-3V alloy ; hot-working ; DRX behavior ; FEM ; CA ; magnesium alloys ; deformation ; hammer forging ; aircraft mounts ; industrial research ; structure ; recrystallization ; austenite to ferrite transformation ; cellular automaton ; finite element method (FEM) ; bonding strength ; compression ; forming ; Al6061 ; FE ; flow curve ; dynamic recrystallisation ; processing map ; LPSO phase ; Mg-6.8Y-2.5Zn-0.4Zr ; twin-roll casting ; hot deformation behavior ; super-duplex stainless steel (SDSS) ; SEM-EBSD microstructural analysis ; magnesium alloy AZ91 ; physical modelling ; open die forging ; flat anvils ; shaped anvils ; meshless methods ; radial basis functions ; hot rolling ; steel ; austenite grain size ; ferrite grain size ; carbon steels ; hot flow stress curves ; peak flow stress ; peak strain ; critical strain for induce of dynamic recrystallization ; activation energy at hot forming ; austenite conditioning ; multipass torsion tests ; Nb–Mo-microalloyed steels ; low carbon and low alloy steel ; warm deformation ; texture ; aluminium ; metal matrix composite ; brake disk ; thermal stability ; physical modeling ; forging ; closure of discontinuities ; thermomechanical processing ; extrusion ; aluminium alloys ; car bodies ; plastometric tests ; rheological properties ; FEM modelling ; static recrystallization ; strain-induced precipitation ; microstructure evolution ; PSCT ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Operational oceanography is maturing rapidly. Its capabilities are being noticeably enhanced in response to a growing demand for regularly updated ocean information. Today, several core forecasting and monitoring services, such as the Copernicus Marine ones focused on global and regional scales, are well-stablished. The sustained availability of oceanography products has favored the proliferation of specific downstream services devoted to coastal monitoring and forecasting. Ocean models are a key component of these operational oceanographic systems (especially in a context marked by the extensive application of dynamical downscaling approaches), and progress in ocean modeling is certainly a driver for the evolution of these services. The goal of this Special Issue is to publish research papers on ocean modeling that benefit model applications that support existing operational oceanographic services. This Special Issue is addressed to an audience with interests in physical oceanography and especially on its operational applications. There is a focus on the numerical modeling needed for a better forecasts in marine environments and using seamless modeling approaches to simulate global to coastal processes.
    Keywords: singular spectrum analysis ; altimeter waveform ; Json-1 ; mean sea surface height ; threshold retracker ; waveform retracking ; Northeast Atlantic ; ROMS ; ARGO ; tide gauges ; Irish coastal current ; river freshwater discharges ; operational ocean models ; sea surface salinity field ; IBI region ; LAMBDA river database ; IBI model validation ; model sensitivity tests ; barotropic solver ; PCG ; CA-PCG ; ocean general circulation model ; NEMO ; sea of Marmara ; Bosphorus strait ; Dardanelles strait ; Turkish strait system ; SHYFEM ; Black Sea ; wave-current interaction ; NEMOv4 ; WaveWatchIII ; operational oceanography ; physical oceanography ; biogeochemistry ; waves ; numerical modelling ; data assimilation ; forecasting ; reanalysis ; validation ; SAMOA ; coastal models ; operational forecasting ; port circulation ; dynamical downscaling ; nesting techniques in operational applications ; ocean model validation ; wave modeling ; current–wave coupling ; current forcing ; model validation ; wave altimetric products ; Copernicus Marine IBI ; freshwater discharges ; sea surface salinity ; land boundary ; estuarine proxy ; water continuum ; numerical models ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Marine ecosystems encompass a wide variety of invertebrates, including pelagic and benthonic ones, from intertidal to deep-sea habitats in polar and tropical regions. In addition to their high environmental importance, some marine invertebrates also have great economic value. However, despite all of the research that has been conducted so far, much still remains to be learned about these animals. This Special Issue collects articles providing new and relevant information about some marine invertebrates, namely, echinoderms, crustaceans, placozoans, molluscs and annelids. In these articles, a variety of research methods were applied in order to progress our understanding of these marine animals, including light and electron microscopy, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, flow cytometry, and cell and tissue cultures.
    Keywords: holothuroidea ; deep sea ; elasipodida ; anatomy ; morphology ; sea cucumbers ; crustacean ; vasculature ; extracellular matrix ; basement membrane ; connective tissue sheath ; fibrillin ; Trichoplax ; Placozoa ; cell type evolution ; gravireception ; crystal cell ; biomineralization ; lithocyte ; oesophagus ; stomach ; intestine ; electron microscopy ; histochemistry ; Polyplacophora ; sea cucumber ; intestine explant ; in vitro ; regeneration ; organ culture ; coelomic fluid ; sea urchin ; echinoderm ; HepG2 cells ; apoptosis ; cell cycle ; acidic vesicular organelles ; mitochondrial transmembrane potential ; reactive oxygen species ; wound healing assay ; neuropil ; nerve ; reduction ; nuchal organ ; antenna ; palp ; eye ; histology ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue on Interdisciplinary Research for Cultural Heritage Conservation in Applied Sciences aims to bring together some of the latest researches in this field. A total of 10 papers focusing on different aspects of cultural heritage were published on the topics: rock art, mural paintings, stone monuments, stained-glass windows, environmental sensors, historic infrastructures, and analects of Confucius.
    Keywords: biodeterioration ; mural paintings ; bacteria ; fungi ; biocide ; environmental pH ; exhibition halls ; sensors ; museum ; preventive conservation ; cultural heritage ; ontology ; Confucianism ; The Analects of Confucius ; essential characteristics ; protégé ; sandstone weathering ; chemical weathering ; rock shelter ; rock art ; flashed glass ; multianalytical characterization ; chemical composition ; chromophores ; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; thickness measurements ; green algae ; lichens ; Trebouxia aggregata ; black fungi ; bryophytes ; limestone ; mineralogy ; restoration ; Seville City Hall ; public works ; dams ; aqueducts ; siphon ; reservoir ; overall value ; heritage system ; network ; new uses ; petroglyphs ; Negev desert ; nanopore sequencing technology ; metagenomics ; analytical techniques ; cyanobacteria ; chlorophytes ; surface cleaning ; hydrogen peroxide ; sodium hypochlorite ; grisaille ; recipe ; raw material ; conservation ; degradation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Among the strategies for reducing the negative effects on the environment affected by the uncontrolled consumption and low potential for the recovery of conventional plastics, the synthesis of new biodegradable and recyclable plastics represents one of the most promising methods for minimizing the negative effects of conventional non-biodegradable plastics. The spectrum of existing biodegradable materials is still very narrow. Therefore, to achieve greater applicability, research is being carried out on biodegradable polymer mixtures, the synthesis of new polymers, and the incorporation of new stabilizers for thermal degradation, alongside the use of other additives such as antibacterials or new and more sustainable plasticizers. Some studies analyze direct applications, such as shape memory foams, new cartilage implants, drug release, etc. The reader can find several studies on the degradation of biodegradable polymers under composting conditions. However, novel bacteria that degrade polymers considered non-biodegradable in other, unusual conditions (such as conditions of high salinity) are also presented.
    Keywords: chitin nanocrystals ; antioxidant activity ; polylactic acid ; nanocomposite ; active packaging ; DPPH ; eco-friendly copolymer ; poly(benzofurane-co-arylacetic acid) ; chitosan ; heavy metals removal ; wastewater ; Roșia Montană ; adsorption mechanism ; poly(butylene sebacate) ; biopolymer blends ; thermal analysis ; dynamic mechanical analysis ; polylactide ; cellulose nanowhiskers ; biopolymer ; stereocomplex ; interfacial compatibility ; nucleating agent ; hemin ; TEMPO stable radical ; correlation times ; ultrathin fibers ; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) ; ozo-nation ; amorphous phase ; fish scales ; hydroxyapatite ; deproteinization ; polylactic acid (PLA) ; physical properties ; mechanical properties ; thermal properties ; electrospinnability ; polymer blends ; poly(lactic acid) ; aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters ; 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid ; thermoplastic polyurethane ; creep ; non-linear Burgers model ; activation energy ; 1D PLA filaments ; temperature ; ageing ; PLLA ; hydrophilicity ; alkali hydrolysis ; crystallinity ; biodegradable ; biocompatible ; antibacterial ; synthetic polymers ; natural polymers ; medical applications ; bone cement ; composite ; β-TCP ; PVA ; PVP ; microwave ; biocompatible polymers ; casein ; electric double layer ; synaptic transistors ; artificial synapses ; neuromorphic computing ; green composites ; 3D printing ; FDM ; biopolymers ; solanum lycopersicum ; surface characterization ; scanning probe microscopy ; additive manufacturing ; PLA ; multifrequency AFM ; alpha mangostin ; hyaluronic acid ; polymeric nanoparticle ; cytotoxic ; poly(lactic acid) (PLA) ; nano-additives ; nanocomposites ; synthesis ; properties ; applications ; diabetes ; polymers ; biomaterials ; scaffolds ; wound dressings ; superabsorbent polymer ; water–polymer interaction ; solid waste sludge treatment ; starch biopolymer ; water absorbency ; starch ; halloysite ; hot water resistance ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint focuses on applying remote sensing techniques in watersheds in terms of hydrology, ecology, environment, and human activities. It aims to contribute to the current understanding of integrating research scopes and developing advanced methods in the field of remote sensing of watershed. The development of the multiscalar, multidimensional, and interdisciplinary nature of the application of remote sensing in watershed studies is of particular interest. Special attention is given to watershed mapping, monitoring of underlying surface elements in the watershed, inversion of water cycle parameters, water resource assessment, acquisition of watershed ecological environment parameters, monitoring natural disasters, analyzing upstream and downstream, supporting water governance priorities, water resource development, and irrigation water management. The studies propose a series of advanced data, models, and strategies to serve watershed research better.
    Keywords: multi-source remote sensing ; aquaculture mapping ; texture feature ; Google Earth Engine ; Pearl River Basin ; land surface temperature ; VIC model ; wavelet analysis ; multiscale analysis ; LUCC ; MODIS NDVI ; vegetation cover ; trend analysis ; Sen + Mann-Kendall ; topography ; GWR ; Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ; maize yield ; evapotranspiration ; plastic film mulching ; G-AquaCrop model ; Heihe River basin ; paddy rice ; SEBAL ; interannual variation ; spatial distribution ; Ganfu Plain irrigation system ; vegetation browning ; warming hiatus ; vapor pressure deficit ; spring ; autumn ; Xinjiang ; Qijia culture (QJC) ; spatial diffusion patterns ; cultural hearth ; circle structure ; dryland ; SIF ; EVI ; TROPOMI ; extreme drought ; phenology ; NATT ; China ; drought ; SPEI ; VPD ; vegetation ; GPP ; water level recognition ; hydrological monitoring ; deep learning ; computer vision ; alpine wetland ; water retention service ; models ; Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau ; carbon dioxide emissions ; global climate change ; human footprint index ; human pressures ; macro control ; Ebinur Lake ; spatio-temporal fusion model ; Sentinel-2 ; images reconstruction ; suspended particulate matter (SPM) ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The electric vehicle revival reflects negotiations between public policy, which promotes clean, fuel-efficient vehicles, and the auto industry, which promotes high-performance vehicles. Electric cars were once as numerous as internal combustion engine cars before all but vanishing from American roads around World War I. Now, we are in the midst of an electric vehicle revival, and the goal for a sustainable car seems to be within reach. In Age of Auto Electric, Matthew N. Eisler shows that the halting development of the electric car in the intervening decades was a consequence of tensions between environmental, energy, and economic policy imperatives that informed a protracted reappraisal of the automobile system. These factors drove the electric vehicle revival, argues Eisler, hastening automaking's transformation into a science-based industry in the process. Challenging the common assumption that the electric vehicle revival is due to the development of better batteries, Age of Auto Electric instead focuses on changing environmental and socioeconomic conditions, energy and environmental policies, systems of energy conversion and industrial production, and innovation practices that affected the prevalence and popularity of electric vehicles in recent decades. Eisler describes a world in transition from legacy to alternative energy-conversion systems and the promises, compromises, new problems, and unintended consequences that enterprise has entailed.
    Keywords: History of engineering and technology ; Energy, power generation, distribution and storage ; Automotive technology and trades ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering::THRM Electric motors ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades::TRC Automotive technology and trades::TRCS Automotive (motor mechanic) skills
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This book addresses the most recent developments in soil pollution and restoration, contaminant hydrology, and ground disturbance to stimulate fruitful technical and scientific interactions between professionals.
    Keywords: groundwater ; hydrochemistry ; hexavalent chromium contamination ; water chemistry simulation ; construction disturbance ; replacement of embankment ; foamed cement banking technology ; post-construction settlement ; method of replacement thickness calculation ; steam injection ; ethanol ; azeotropic temperature ; heterogeneous aquifers ; nitrobenzene ; microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) ; unsaturated soil ; soil-water characteristic curves ; matrix suction ; microstructure ; molecular dynamics ; mechanical properties ; montmorillonite ; basal spacing ; long-term freeze–thaw cycles ; composite heavy metal contamination ; morphological analysis ; solidification/stabilization ; groundwater level fluctuation zone ; nitrogen ; migration and transformation ; HYDRUS-1D model ; kinetic adsorption and desorption ; groundwater table fluctuations ; Pb ; migration ; experimental study ; unsaturated subgrade ; capillary barrier ; distress control of wetting ; xanthan gum ; silt ; water retention capacity ; strength ; wetting process ; microscopic tests ; overconsolidation effect ; thermal pore water pressure ; calculation method ; saturated clay ; additives ; compacted clay cover ; moisture retention ; gas diffusion barrier ; hydraulic conductivity ; tidal action ; silty-clay soil ; riparian hyporheic zone ; inorganic nitrogen ; occurrence characteristics ; influencing factors ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent years, ironmaking and steelmaking have witnessed the incorporation of various new processes and technologies that can be operated and organized in different combinations depending on the properties of raw materials and the required quality of the final products. Indications from the steel industry and local and global government institutions suggest that the breakthrough technologies for decarbonization will be based on new fuels and energy vectors. For CO2-lean process routes, three major solutions have been identified: decarbonizing, whereby coal would be replaced by hydrogen or electricity in the hydrogen reduction or electrolysis of iron ore processes; the introduction of CCS technology; and the use of sustainable biomass. Today, hydrogen-based steelmaking is a potential low-carbon and economically attractive route, especially in countries where natural gas is cheap. By considering systems for increasing energy efficiency and reducing the environmental impact of steel production, CO2 emissions may be greatly reduced by hydrogen-based steel production if hydrogen is generated by means of carbon-free and renewable sources. Currently, the development of the hydrogen economy has received a great deal of attention in that H2 is considered a promising alternative to replace fossil fuels. Based on hydrogen, the “hydrogen economy” is a promising clean energy carrier for decarbonized energy systems if the hydrogen used is produced from renewable energy sources or coupled with carbon capture and storage (CCS) or nuclear energy.
    Keywords: electric arc furnace steelmaking ; bottom-stirring ; different smelting time ; molten steel flow ; numerical simulation ; blast furnaces ; silicon content ; maximal overlap discrete wavelet packet ; artificial neural network ; forecasting ; time series analysis ; double slag converter steelmaking process ; hot metal dephosphorization ; dephosphorization endpoint temperature ; dephosphorization ratio ; phosphorus distribution ratio ; optimum temperature of intermediate deslagging ; coal injection ; blast furnace ; drop tube furnace ; statistical correlation ; production ; ironmaking ; bio-coals ; carbonization ; gasification ; reactivity ; dilatation ; fluidity ; water electrolysis ; steelmaking ; purification ; desalinization ; direct reduction ; energy ; renewables ; high temperature ; low temperature ; mold width ; flow field in mold ; high-temperature measurement ; surface velocity ; direct reduced pellets ; open slag bath furnace ; slag ; blast furnace pellets ; hydrogen ; decarbonization ; steelworks gas valorization ; methane synthesis ; methanol synthesis ; predictive control ; carbon capture and usage ; hydrogen enrichment ; hydrogen metallurgy ; hydrogen reduction of iron oxides ; alternative ironmaking ; smelting reduction ; thermodynamic ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint is a compilation of the articles submitted in the Special Issue entitled, “Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: A Solution for a Greener Earth”, from the journal Catalysts, which presents an overview of the latest advances in the development of innovative photocatalytic processes.
    Keywords: Ce-modified ZnO ; electron microscopy ; methylene blue (MB) degradation ; photoluminescence ; photocatalysis ; TiO2 ; sol–gel process ; SiO2 ; Pd-modification ; activation treatments ; CNS-doped TiO2 ; NaYF4:Yb,Er ; upconversion phosphor ; UV-Vis–NIR photocatalysis ; NiTiO3 ; g-C3N4 ; composite photocatalyst ; recombination ; photodegradation ; charge separation efficiency ; coagulation ; landfill leachate ; reverse osmosis concentrate ; photo-Fenton ; LED ; lime precipitation ; ambient crystallization ; Zr/N doping ; titania ; aqueous sol-gel process ; p-nitrophenol degradation ; maprotiline ; advanced oxidation processes ; LC/HRMS coupling ; structural elucidation ; kinetics ; ecotoxicity estimations ; 6-mercaptopurine photodegradation ; wastewater ; cytostatic ; emerging pollutants ; sol–gel synthesis ; peptization ; doping ; pollutant degradation ; mild temperature ; tri-doped TiO2 ; thiacloprid ; water treatment ; nano-Ag–TiO2 nanostructured nanofibers ; electrospinning ; UV-visible light assisted photocatalytic activity ; photodegradation kinetics ; antimicrobial activity ; nanoparticles ; semi-pilot plant ; fabric ; green synthesis ; nickel oxide ; oxygen evolution reaction ; electrocatalysts ; mesoporous titania ; glass fiber ; contaminants of emerging concern ; high resolution mass spectrometry ; transformation products ; ligand-to-metal charge transfer ; anatase ; oxygen-based bidentate diketone ; sol-gel ; TGA-MS ; remediation of aqueous pollutants ; smectite ; adsorption ; pollutant removal ; environment remediation ; trimetallic ; iron oxide ; photocatalytic ; magnetic ; alcohol ; oxidation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Nanocomposites have the potential for novel material properties that significantly exceed the capabilities of their individual constituent phases, thereby enabling the exploration of gaps in material property charts. In this book, we aim to provide an overview of the current state of the art, enabling the investigation of novel structural and functional material properties through better understanding and implementation of nanocomposite design. The covered properties of interest encompass the whole material usage span, starting from the structural modifications of nanocomposites by employing different synthesis routes, to assessing their microstructure-dependent mechanical properties such as strength, ductility, and high-temperature stability. Furthermore, we address the functional characteristics of nanocomposites, such as soft magnetic properties or thermoelectricity, as well as tailored property adjustment through design strategies (bioinspired design, chemical sensitivity, bio sensing). Thus, the included contributions detail methods for the synthesis, characterization, modeling, and in-depth understanding of the mechanisms governing the outstanding properties of this fascinating material class.
    Keywords: laser-induced periodic surface structures ; silicon nanocrystals ; surface plasmon-polaritons ; femtosecond laser pulses ; amorphous silicon ; electrophysical measurements ; Raman spectroscopy ; urushiol ; polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ; electrospinning ; acid membrane ; nanofibers ; enameloid ; microstructure ; shark ; teeth ; biodegradable polymers ; graphene ; carbon nanotubes ; nanocomposites ; thermal transport properties ; design of experiments ; multiphysics simulations ; bulk metallic glass ; Vitreloy 1 ; nanoindentation ; cold rolling ; densification ; inhomogeneity ; sintering bonding ; Cu nanoparticles ; liquid Ga ; aluminum metal matrix composites ; gas tightness ; thermoelectric materials ; copper sulfide ; crystal structure ; conductivity ; diffusion ; thermal conductivity ; Seebeck coefficient ; superionic conductors ; biosensor ; physical surface modification ; dip coating ; functionalized carbon nanotube ; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ; W/Cu composite ; nanocrystalline ; high-pressure torsion ; citrate-coated magnetic nanoparticle ; forward osmosis ; draw solution ; osmotic pressure ; non-ideality analysis ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: With increasing attention on the reduction of CO2 emissions, the sustainability of construction materials has become one of the most growing issues in concrete science and engineering research fields. New sustainable construction materials, such as alkali-activated materials, calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement, and limestone calcined clay cement (LC3), have been suggested and high-performance and/or highly durable construction materials using special admixtures, such as nanomaterials, have been studied to reduce the environmental impact during the life cycle of construction materials.This Special Issue aims to highlight and share recent findings in developing new sustainable cementitious materials, modeling their hydration kinetics, investigating their microstructure, improving the performance and durability of cementitious materials using functional supplementary ingredients, suggesting novel test methods for new construction materials, etc. In this Special Issue are presented the following areas:Sustainable concrete and alternative binders;Hydration kinetics of sustainable cementitious materials;Characterization of sustainable cementitious materials;Re-utilization of industrial by-products for construction materials;High strength and durable cementitious materials;Property enhancement by functional additives;Energy storage through construction materials.
    Keywords: foam composite ; active carbon ; micropore volume ; specific surface area ; pore structure ; compressive strength ; flexural strength ; drying shrinkage ; amorphous metallic fiber ; carbonation ; mortar ; crack healing ; clinker binder and aggregate ; flexural performance ; water flow test ; curing ; Portland cement ; limestone ; metakaolin ; carbonation curing ; CO2 uptake ; LC3 ; hydration reaction ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; thermogravimetry ; ultra-high-performance concrete ; X-ray diffraction ; calcium silicate hydrate ; photocatalysis ; titanium dioxide nanotube ; anatase TiO2 ; hydration products ; cement paste ; fine aggregate ; bottom ash ; GGBFS ; cold-bonded pelletization ; heavy metal leaching ; strengthening methods ; fiber reinforced polymer ; no-slump ; high-strength ; ductility concrete ; low-velocity impact load ; two-way slab ; superabsorbent polymer ; belite-rich Portland cement ; sustainable ultra-high-performance paste ; internal curing ; autogenous shrinkage ; sustainable concrete ; wastewater ; industrial waste management ; sustainable development ; sustainable construction materials ; circular economy ; recycling ; materials design ; construction materials ; materials properties ; Rhodobacter capsulatus ; sewage concrete ; surface coating ; sulfate ion ; service life ; cover depth ; architectural injection grout ; dry hydrated lime ; particle density ; workability ; porosity ; mechanical properties ; ISO22197-1 ; titanium dioxide (TiO2) ; nitrogen oxides (NOx) ; embodied carbon ; recycled asphalt ; recycled aggregate ; construction waste materials ; alternative additives ; alternative water resources ; durability ; residues ; carbon dioxide ; pollution ; pozzolanic activity ; UHPC ; thermodynamic modeling ; phase assemblage ; alternative cementitious binders ; supplementary cementitious materials ; CaO-activation ; auxiliary activator ; chemical resistance ; freezing ; thawing ; self-healing of cracks ; concrete ; constitutive relations ; damage mechanics ; finite element analysis ; cement composite ; filler effect ; microstructure ; nano-silica ; silica fume ; fine recycled aggregate ; construction and demolition waste ; recycled concrete aggregate ; recycled masonry aggregate ; recycled aggregate concrete ; alkali-activated materials ; setting time ; ultrasonic measurements ; calorimetry ; strength ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    University of Chicago Press | University of Chicago Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Weather control. Juxtaposing those two words is enough to raise eyebrows in a world where even the best weather models still fail to nail every forecast, and when the effects of climate change on sea level height, seasonal averages of weather phenomena, and biological behavior are being watched with interest by all, regardless of political or scientific persuasion. But between the late nineteenth century—when the United States first funded an attempt to “shock” rain out of clouds—and the late 1940s, rainmaking (as it had been known) became weather control. And then things got out of control. In Make It Rain, Kristine C. Harper tells the long and somewhat ludicrous history of state-funded attempts to manage, manipulate, and deploy the weather in America. Harper shows that governments from the federal to the local became helplessly captivated by the idea that weather control could promote agriculture, health, industrial output, and economic growth at home, or even be used as a military weapon and diplomatic tool abroad. Clear fog for landing aircraft? There’s a project for that. Gentle rain for strawberries? Let’s do it! Enhanced snowpacks for hydroelectric utilities? Check. The heyday of these weather control programs came during the Cold War, as the atmosphere came to be seen as something to be defended, weaponized, and manipulated. Yet Harper demonstrates that today there are clear implications for our attempts to solve the problems of climate change.
    Keywords: contemporary ; modern ; weather ; control ; models ; forecast ; climate ; sea level ; seasons ; seasonal ; average ; rainfall ; snow ; wind ; behavior ; history ; historical ; 1940s ; funding ; government ; federal ; local ; agriculture ; health ; industry ; economy ; economic ; project ; snowpack ; cold war ; atmosphere ; research ; academic ; scholarly ; diplomacy ; international ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology and climatology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: In this open access book, Mikael Hård tells a story of how people around the world challenged the production techniques and products brought by globalization. Retaining their autonomy and freedom, creative individuals selectively adopted or rejected modern gadgets, tools, and machines. In standard historical narratives, globalization is portrayed as an unstoppable force that flattens all obstacles in its path. Modern technology is also seen as inexorable: in the nineteenth century, steamships, telegraph lines, and Gatling guns are said to have paved the way for colonialism and other forms of dominating people and societies. Later, shipping containers and computer networks purportedly pulled the planet deeper into a maelstrom of capitalism. Hård discusses instances that push back against these narratives. For example, in Soviet times, inhabitants of Samarkand, Uzbekistan, preferred to remain in—and expand—their own mud-brick houses rather than move into prefabricated, concrete residential buildings. Similarly, nineteenth-century Sumatran carpenters ignored the saws brought to them by missionaries—and chose to chop down trees with their arch-bladed adzes. And people in colonial India successfully competed with capitalist-run Caribbean sugar plantations, continuing to produce their own muscovado and sell it to local consumers. This book invites readers to view the history of technology and material culture through the lens of diversity. Based on research funded by the European Research Council and conducted in the Global South, Microhistories of Technology: Making the World shows that the spread of modern technologies did not erase artisanal production methods and traditional tools.
    Keywords: Global South ; History of technology ; Material culture ; Colonialism ; Microhistory ; Global history ; Skill ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTQ Globalization ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTQ Colonialism and imperialism
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The construction industry makes a significant contribution to the global economy. Effective management of construction projects is essential to ensuring timely completion that meets quality standards within a project’s prescribed scope and budget. Furthermore, assuring sustainability is crucial to reducing the impact of construction on the environment. The construction industry is also affected by globalization and increasing susceptibility to disasters highlighting the need for health and safety and resilience in the industry, especially after global pandemics and natural disasters. Digitalization and industrialization pave the way to the solution or mitigation of numerous issues in the construction industry by transforming business operations, improving productivity and safety, ensuring quality and compliance to standards, increasing sustainability, among other measures. It is imperative for project managers and other construction stakeholders to be digitally oriented. This reprint comprises of a collection of cutting-edge research articles in construction and project management that explores advances in digital, sustainable, and industrialized construction solutions for prevalent issues in construction and project management and investigates the needs of health and safety and resilience in the construction industry.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Safety and sustainability are becoming ever bigger challenges for the mining industry with the increasing depth of mining. It is of great significance to reduce the disaster risk of mining accidents, enhance the safety of mining operations, and improve the efficiency and sustainability of development of mineral resource. This book provides a platform to present new research and recent advances in the safety and sustainability of mining. More specifically, Mining Safety and Sustainability presents recent theoretical and experimental studies with a focus on: safety mining, green mining, sustainable development, risk management of mines, mining methods and technologies, damage monitoring and prediction. It will be further helpful to provide theoretical support and technical support for guiding the normative, green, safe and sustainable development of the mining industry.
    Keywords: &nbsp ; safety mining ; green mining ; intelligent mining and mines ; sustainable development ; risk management of mines ; ecological restoration of mines ; mining methods and technologies ; damage monitoring and prediction &nbsp ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Metal‒insulator transitions (MITs) constitute a core subject of fundamental condensed matter research. The localization of conduction electrons occurs in a large variety of materials and engenders intriguing quantum phenomena such as unconventional superconductivity and exotic magnetism. Nearby an MIT, minuscule changes of the interaction strength via chemical substitution, doping, physical pressure, or even disorder can trigger spectacular resistivity changes from zero in a superconductor to infinity in an insulator near T = 0. While approaching an insulating state from the conducting side, deviations from Fermi-liquid transport in bad and strange metals are the rule rather than the exception. As the drosophila of electron‒electron interactions, the Mott MIT receives particular attention from theory as it can be studied using the Hubbard model. On the experimental side, organic charge-transfer salts and transition metal oxides are versatile platforms for working toward solving the puzzles of correlated electron systems. This Special Issue provides a view into the ongoing research endeavors investigating emergent phenomena around MITs.
    Keywords: strongly correlated systems ; organic conductors ; relaxor-ferroelectrics ; dielectric spectroscopy ; infrared spectroscopy ; disordered systems ; metal insulator transition ; Anderson localization ; random disorder ; typical medium theory ; dynamical mean field theory ; coherent potential approximation ; dynamical cluster approximation ; cellular dynamical mean field theory ; cluster mean field theory ; FFLO ; organic superconductor ; penetration depth measurement ; resistance ; FFLO phase ; vortex dynamics ; charge-transfer salts ; (TMTTF)2X ; Fabre salts ; charge order ; strongly correlated electron systems ; extended Hubbard model ; bandwidth tuning ; partial chemical substitution ; negative chemical pressure ; phase transitions ; metal-insulator transitions ; optical conductivity ; vibrational spectroscopy ; FTIR ; strong electron correlations ; heat capacity ; Mott transition ; charge-transfer solid crystals ; two-dimensional metal ; carrier localization ; negative magnetoresistance ; phase coherence length ; organic conductor ; Mott insulator ; electric double-layer transistor ; uniaxial strain ; molecular conductors ; quantum spin liquid ; thermal conductivity ; cooling rate ; electrical resistivity ; low-temperature crystal structure ; 13C-NMR ; heavy fermion compounds ; strange metals ; Planckian dissipation ; quantum criticality ; Kondo destruction ; superconductivity ; nickelates ; molecular conductor ; manganites ; colossal magnetoresistance ; metal–insulator transition ; grain size ; variable range hopping ; core–shell model ; strongly correlated electrons ; metal-insulator transition ; charge glass ; charge crystal ; geometrical frustration ; organics ; charge density wave ; spin density wave ; spin liquid ; FFLO state ; materials database ; data science ; resistivity maxima ; dielectric response ; dilute 2DEGs ; Mott organics ; twisted transition-metal dichalcogenide bilayers ; percolation theory ; spinon theory ; anderson localization ; neural network ; quantum impurity solver ; Anderson impurity ; organic charge-transfer salts ; magnetic exchange beyond Heisenberg ; intra-dimer charge and spin degrees of freedom ; electron-lattice coupling ; disorder ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book offers new insights into the Venetian physician Sanctorius Sanctorius (1561–1636) and into the origins of quantification in medicine. At the turn of the seventeenth century, Sanctorius developed instruments to measure and quantify physiological change. As trivial as the quantitative assessment of health issues might seem to us today – in times of fitness trackers and smart watches – it was highly innovative at that time. With his instruments, Sanctorius introduced quantitative research into the field of physiology. Historical accounts of Sanctorius and his work tend to tell the story of a genius who, almost out of the blue, invented a new medical science, based on measurement and quantification, that profoundly influenced modernity. Abandoning the “genius narrative,” this book examines Sanctorius and his work in the broader perspective of processes of knowledge transformation in early modern medicine. It is the first systematic study to include the entire range of the physician’s intellectual and practical activities. Adopting a material culture perspective, the research draws on the contemporary reconstruction of Sanctorius’s most famous instrument: the Sanctorian weighing chair. And here it departs from past studies that focus mainly on Sanctorius’s thinking rather than on his making and doing. The book also re-evaluates Sanctorius’s role in the wider process of the early transformation of medical culture in the early modern period, a process that ultimately led to the abandonment of Galenic medicine and to the introduction of a new medical science, based on the use of quantification and measurement in medical research. The book is therefore an important contribution to the history of medicine and historical epistemology aimed at historians of science and philosophy.
    Keywords: Early Modern History of Medicine ; Early Modern Dietetics ; Early Modern Galenism ; Early Modern Instrumentation ; History of Weighing ; Quantification in Physiology ; Replication Method ; Sanctorius Sanctorius ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint provides a forum for scientists and engineers to share and discuss their pioneering/original findings or insightful reviews on the “Characterization and Processing of Complex Materials”. Reports on successfully coupling complex industrial materials/waste/natural ores with non-destructive characterization method(s) and the unique processing developments were particularly encouraged. On the other hand, any kind of contribution under the broad framework of the understanding and production of complex materials was also highly regarded. This reprint gathers papers on the characterization and processing of complex materials with the following keywords: non-destructive characterization; analytical chemistry and instrumentation; waste management and recycling; selective material recovery/processing; sustainability and circular economy. This includes the waste management and recycling of complex materials (e.g., food and electronic waste) through the development of a new characterization method and/or process intensification. For example, the proper characterization of complex/heterogeneous materials is still an extremely challenging task, since the majority of characterization methods analyze either the average characteristics of the whole material or a narrow area of specific interest. On the other hand, the efficient processing/recycling of complex materials/waste should be strongly supported by their characterization from the viewpoint of economic and environmental concerns.
    Keywords: critical and strategic materials ; valuable metals ; by-products ; copper anode slime ; thermal treatment ; selenium dioxide ; industrial waste ; alkali ferrates ; super-oxidizing materials ; fluidized bed ; green process ; PVC ; de-chlorination ; e-waste ; halogenation ; metal halide volatilization ; chromite ; chlorine ; thermogravimetric analysis ; isothermal treatment ; apparent activation energy ; superalloy ; ceramic core ; high temperature ; mechanical behavior ; auxiliary thermal system ; scanning electron microscopy ; backscattered electrons ; electron flight simulation ; nanoparticles ; synthesis ; extended DLVO theory ; mean size ; zeta potential ; Ostwald ripening effect ; Stokes equation ; electric field ; temperature distribution ; conductivity ; dielectric constant ; liberation ; hard-rock ; mineral distribution ; hard rock ; voltage-dependent resistance (VDR) ; nanobubbles ; calcium carbonate ; transformation ; crystal-control ; capillary force ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTU Mining technology and engineering
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue reprint book features a broad scope of contributions that highlight current accomplishments and provide readers with some perspective on the direction of research on magnesium alloys in the near future with respect to global challenges. The papers included in the book report on state-of-the-art methods and research trends regarding the microstructure, properties and industrial application of magnesium alloys for use in lightweight structures across several industries.
    Keywords: magnesium alloys ; interface reaction ; diffusion ; intermetallic phases ; cyclic expansion extrusion with asymmetrical extrusion cavity ; AZ31B alloy ; microstructure ; texture ; mechanical properties ; magnesium wire ; extrusion ; characterization ; wrapping test ; AZ-series ; EBSD ; magnesium ; deformation twinning ; damage initiation ; rolling ; strength ; segregation ; precipitate ; twinning ; modeling ; void ; rigid inclusion ; magnesium-rare earth alloy ; recrystallization ; selective grain growth ; Mg-RE alloys ; in situ diffraction ; crystal plasticity ; magnesium single crystal ; sheets ; formability ; non-flammability ; indirect extrusion ; magnesium alloy ; fatigue ; equal-channel angular pressing ; grain refinement ; S–N curve ; stent ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The miniaturization of components in mechanical and electronic equipment has been the driving force for the fast development of micro/nanosystems. Heat and mass transfer are crucial processes in such systems, and they have attracted great interest in recent years. Tremendous effort, in terms of theoretical analyses, experimental measurements, numerical simulation, and practical applications, has been devoted to improve our understanding of complex heat and mass transfer processes and behaviors in such micro/nanosystems. This Special Issue is dedicated to showcasing recent advances in heat and mass transfer in micro- and nanosystems, with particular focus on the development of new models and theories, the employment of new experimental techniques, the adoption of new computational methods, and the design of novel micro/nanodevices. Thirteen articles have been published after peer-review evaluations, and these articles cover a wide spectrum of active research in the frontiers of micro/nanosystems.
    Keywords: Darcy-Forchheimer theory ; nonlinear stretching ; nanofluid ; magnetohydrodynamics ; convective conditions ; carbon nanotubes ; thermal radiation ; porous cavity ; wavy channels ; nanofluids ; forced convection ; heat enhancement ; pressure drop ; mesh model ; microfluidic ; flow distributions ; fluid network ; microchannel ; heat transfer enhancement ; numerical simulation ; monodisperse droplet generation ; satellite droplets ; piezoelectric method ; droplet coalescence ; lattice Boltzmann method ; inertial migration ; Poiseuille flow ; pulsatile velocity ; loop heat pipe ; deionized water ; two-phase flow ; visualization ; heat transfer experiment ; heat transfer ; porous media ; pore-scale modeling ; boundary condition ; thermal conductivity ; porosity ; conjugate interface ; aspect ratio ; Maxwell nanofluid ; Darcy–Forchheimer model ; chemical reaction ; Brownian diffusion ; wearable device ; microfluidic chip ; sweat collecting ; microfluidics ; liquid metal ; measurement ; temperature monitoring ; PCR ; pin-fins ; wavy pin-fins channel ; performance criterion ; friction factor ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Fluvial hydraulics deals with the flow of water, the motion of sediment, and the erosion of channel beds in rivers. Fluvial hydraulics is complex because velocity, slope, depth, and channel roughness are all subject to changes resulting from erodible beds and sediment transport due to the presence of in-stream infrastructure, vegetation in channel beds/banks, and ice cover on water surfaces.The aim of this reprint is to present research that improves our knowledge of sediment transport, local scour around in-stream infrastructures, and fluvial processes in the presence of either vegetation in channel beds or ice cover on water surfaces. It aims to include not only the latest advancements in the mechanics of sediment transport and local scour around in-stream infrastructures but also the impacts of vegetation in channel beds on bed deformation and flow structures. Research regarding the interaction between river ice, riverbed deformation, and in-stream infrastructures.In total, twelve original contributions are presented in this reprint. Among the topics of interest for this Special Issue are: 1) turbulent flow structure, Reynolds stress, and local scour around in-stream infrastructures under an ice-covered flow condition; 2) interactions among ice jam accumulation, channel bed deformation, and in-stream infrastructures; and 3) turbulent flow structures in the presence of vegetation in a channel bed or under a shallow flow condition.We hope that the results of the presented research will benefit river engineers and hydrologists.
    Keywords: local scour ; ice cover ; ice jam ; bridge pier ; sediment transport ; river ice hydraulics ; incipient motion ; threshold condition ; critical shear stress ; threshold velocity ; hydraulically transitional flow ; ice-covered channel ; longitudinal velocity ; Reynolds stress ; turbulence intensity ; spur dike ; acoustic doppler velocimeter (ADV) ; instantaneous velocity component ; Huai River ; river channel variation ; erosion ; deposition ; numerical simulation ; coherent flow structures ; vegetation patch ; von Karman vortex ; octant analysis ; semi-elliptical abutment ; vegetated bed ; Reynolds shear stress ; Reynolds stress anisotropy ; coherent Reynolds shear stress ; intermittent turbulence ; mixing layer ; quadrant analysis ; vegetation patches ; local scour depth ; tandem double piers ; pier spacing distance ; ice jam evolution ; ice jam thickness ; scour hole ; bridge piers ; transverse thickness distribution ; ice wave crest ; waved-shape accumulation of ice particles (ice wave) ; ice wave ; experiment ; wave crest ; wave trough ; wavelength ; migration speed ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint is a collection of research that contributes to a better understanding of energy transfer related to alternative vehicles. The hybridization of power units and alternative propulsion systems are the mainly developed technology in the automotive field today. The modernization of conventional propulsion sources is justified by the increasingly stringent economic, ecological, and comfort requirements. The common link in any renewable energy source or propulsion system today is electric motors. Their correct use in propulsion offers the possibility of reducing or eliminating harmful emissions both in the form of toxic compounds and noise or unwanted vibrations. The research works were related to energy transfer in both hybrid and electric vehicles, and conversion of energy from renewable sources such as photovoltaic installations to power alternative vehicles. However, you will also find in this reprint papers that are related to modules of alternative propulsion such as drivetrain efficiency analysis, ways of energy accumulation in batteries, and influence of the charging method on the energy consumption of a vehicle during its life cycle.
    Keywords: energy consumption ; real driving conditions ; electric vehicle ; solar panels ; energy flow ; renewable energy ; exhaust emission ; real driving emissions test ; hydrogen vehicle ; hybrid powertrain ; vehicle charging stations ; electric vehicles ; energy generation ; renewable energy sources ; acid battery ; battery operating parameters ; testing and modeling ; fuzzy control ; grid-connected PV system ; incremental conductance algorithm ; linear quadratic regulator ; maximum power point tracking ; unity power factor ; car sharing ; shared mobility ; sustainable transportation ; fleet management ; mobility management ; vehicle selection ; transportation engineering ; multi-criteria decision analysis ; ELECTRE III ; MCDA ; electromobility ; electric vehicle charging stations ; active power losses ; power distribution transformers ; thermal aging ; reactive power ; car-sharing services ; e-car-sharing systems ; electric car sharing ; hybrid car sharing ; short-term car rentals ; modern mobility ; sustainable transport systems ; electric scooter ; shared mobility systems ; CO2 emission ; electric light-duty vehicle ; usability of an electric delivery vehicle ; real energy consumption ; fuel consumption optimization ; energy management system ; hybrid vehicle control ; wireless power transmission ; battery system for energy storage ; compensation networks ; coil design ; and wireless charging system ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Oldenbourg
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: In the history of education, the question of how computers were introduced into European classrooms has so far been largely neglected. This edited volume strives to address this gap. The contributions shed light on the computerization of general education from a historical perspective, by looking closely at the different actors, political rationales and ideologies, as well as financial, political, or organizational structures and relations.
    Keywords: digitalization ; public education ; Europe 20th century ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNB History of education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNV Educational equipment and technology, computer-aided learning (CAL) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The concept of information freshness has developed over the last few years into an active and rapidly growing area of research. It has become known as the Age of Information (AoI). After its initial formal introduction, it became clear that it was very relevant (if not crucial) for numerous applications, ranging from autonomous vehicle systems, the Internet of Things, real-time computing to database access, caching, and wireless communications. More importantly, the combination of the transmission delay and sampling rate that are involved in the formulation of the AoI concept has made it clear that there are far-reaching consequences in the relationship between signal processing, information theory, and control theory at a fundamental level. In this Special Issue, we received contributions that span the full range of applications and theoretical foundations of the AoI concept, which, in fact, is also a performance metric and an analysis tool. Of special interest is the role of AoI in bridging different disciplines and the use of AoI in the analysis and optimization involved in important applications.
    Keywords: cyber–physical system ; wireless networked control system ; remote control ; communication control co-design ; age of information ; status update ; channel quality ; value of information ; noisy Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process ; constrained Markov decision process ; reinforcement learning ; context-awareness ; timely status updates ; wireless powered communication networks ; real-time state update ; utility maximization ; parallel servers ; energy harvesting ; Age of Information ; age of incorrect information ; multi-user system ; scheduling policy ; status update system ; multiple access channels ; multiple-input multiple-output Rayleigh fading channel ; discrete-time Markov chain ; convex optimization ; RF energy-harvesting ; cognitive radio network ; dynamic programming ; query age of information ; wireless networks ; software-defined radio ; scheduling ; timely infection tracking ; timely tracking of multiple processes ; Markovian infection spread model ; discrete time status updating system ; probabilistic preemption ; probability generation function ; stationary distribution ; information update ; reliable backup energy ; urgency of information ; information freshness ; resource constraints ; Lyapunov optimization ; gossip networks ; stochastic hybrid systems ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Metamaterials and metasurfaces have recently attracted increasing attention due to their anomalous and largely flexible properties. Their performance mainly depends on their subwavelength separation and geometric parameters. Metamaterials comprise a class of artificial materials whose physical properties can be engineered to exhibit various desired characteristics. A metasurface is a 2D metamaterial whose thickness is well below the wavelength of impinging lights. Metamaterials and metasurfaces have unique interface transmission and reflection properties resulting from surface impedance, which can cause multiple advanced functionalities such as light focusing, hologram generation, polarization control, etc. Their extremely small hardware footprint enables them to be embedded in various components of the environment in a cost-effective way. In recent years, they have emerged as a powerful technology with a broad range of applications; however, there are many challenges yet to be addressed in order for them to fulfil their potential in practical applications.This Special Issue reprint covers all aspects of metamaterials and metasurfaces. It also aims to highlight the exciting developments, ongoing trends, and latest achievements in their design and construction.
    Keywords: metamaterials, metasurfaces, wireless communications ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The scope of this Special Issue focuses on the formation of the structure of light alloys, (particularly on an aluminum base) during solidification, deformation, and heat treatment and its relationship with mechanical and technological properties. The design of light alloys (including composite materials) based on experimental and theoretical studies is also considered. The Special Issue contains 11 papers, including 10 research papers and 1 review (on the asymmetric (hot, warm, cold, and cryo) rolling of light alloys).
    Keywords: cast aluminum alloy ; Al-Mg-Si-La system ; lanthanum ; Mg2Si ; eutectic modification ; microstructure ; solidification ; rare earths ; intermetallics ; aluminum–zirconium wire alloys ; electromagnetic casting (EMC) ; drawing ; electrical conductivity (EC) ; phase composition ; nanoparticles ; deformation ; dispersion-hardening ; stress ; strain ; plastic deformation ; thermal stresses ; aluminum ; Al-Zn-Mg alloy ; nanomaterials ; nanocomposite ; high pressure torsion ; fragmentation ; dynamic recrystallization ; hardening ; MgZn2 ; Al2Mg3Zn3 ; Al3Zr ; tensile test ; transmission electron microscopy ; Al-Fe alloys ; severe plastic deformation ; supersaturated solid solution ; mechanical strength ; electrical conductivity ; Al-Cu-Li alloy ; mechanical property ; cryorolling ; aging ; aluminum alloys ; magnesium content ; texture ; simulation ; hypereutectic aluminium alloys ; Al-Ca alloys ; structure ; rolling ; physical and mechanical properties ; asymmetric rolling ; differential speed rolling ; shear strain ; mechanical behavior ; Mg alloys ; Al alloys ; Ti alloys ; casting ; Sc and Zr small addition ; grain refinement ; dispersoid ; incremental sheet forming ; hammering ; aluminum alloy ; incremental sheet hammering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue presents an extract from the reality of smart agriculture, where the combination of modern technologies, innovative solutions, and sustainable approaches to food production classifies this part of science as highly interdisciplinary, multifaceted, and technologically advanced. The need to increase productivity, optimize natural resources, and minimize environmental impact requires new approaches. In this context, smart agriculture is emerging as a solution that combines technology, data, and science to achieve sustainable, efficient, and innovative food production. This Special Issue introduces the field of smart farming, which encompasses a range of advanced technologies. The use of these tools allows for the monitoring and optimization of crop conditions, precise fertilization, the minimization of water and energy usage, and the improvement of crop quality and quantity. In addition, plant monitoring systems are described, which, by means of sensors and data analysis, provide farmers with valuable information about plant health, soil moisture, temperature, and other factors affecting crop growth. A significant part of this monograph deals with the automation of agricultural processes, where robots and machines undertake tasks with high precision and accuracy, contributing to the farmer’s efficiency. This Special Issue aims not only to provide an understanding of smart agriculture but to also inspire the reader to think about the future of agriculture and the ways in which modern food production methods can be improved.
    Keywords: recirculating aquaculture system ; variable-flow regulation model ; circulating pump-drum filter linkage working technique ; machine learning methods ; gene algorithm support vector machine ; controlled environment agriculture ; digital twin ; productivity ; architecture ; optimization ; NDVI ; image processing ; SURF ; SIFT ; SVM ; BP algorithm ; performance ; sweet pepper ; deep neural network ; sprouts ; stimulation with a pulsed magnetic field ; micro and macro components ; ICP-OES ; ground pressure ; paddy soil ; seeding skateboard ; internet of things ; wireless measurement system ; calcium ; magnesium ; phosphorus ; potassium ; copper ; iron ; manganese ; sodium ; zinc ; wild leafy vegetables ; real-time kinematic (RTK) ; precision agriculture ; ISO standard ; global positioning system (GPS) ; GLONASS ; agricultural tractor ; Korean ginseng ; root-rot-disease ; plant segmentation ; deep learning ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; convolutional neural network ; corn insect ; electrical fields ; magnetic fields ; high-voltage electric field ; growth of fruits ; ripening of fruits ; shelf life of fruits ; fungicide resistance ; PCR ; broad-spectrum fungicides ; Fusarium solani ; toxicity ; asymmetric machine-tractor unit ; motion ; stability ; resistance coefficients ; amplitude-frequency characteristic ; phase-frequency characteristic ; quality parameters ; firmness ; total soluble solid ; titratable acidity ; dry matter ; respiration rate ; apple fruit ; model predictive control ; energy management system ; renewable energy ; smart irrigation ; agriculture 4.0 ; maize bulk ; kernel breakage ; vertical pressure ; deformation ; heat production ; sustainable ; agriculture ; rural ; mobile internet technology ; bivariate probit model ; agricultural modernization ; Pakistan ; wheat ; smart ; Zea mays ; stalk diseases ; crop rotation ; stubble ; suppressive soils ; biomass combustion ; broadleaved tree ; pulsed electric field ; calorific value ; UV-C radiation ; stress response ; mechanical properties ; stimulation ; potato tuber ; CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) ; terminal velocity ; winnowing machine separation ; chili pepper harvester ; water and fertilizer integration ; pH adjustment ; BP-PID-Smith algorithm ; estimated compensation ; convolutional neural networks ; MATLAB ; hybrid system ; mobile application ; aeration ; airflow resistance ; pore volume ; semi-empirical modelling ; self-compaction ; spatial and temporal ; energy ; environmental contamination ; lettuce ; life cycle assessment ; winter wheat ; leaf greenness index (SPAD) ; protein ; photosynthesis ; nitrogen ; smart agriculture ; weed management ; crop productivity ; computer vision ; analytical procedure ; forklift truck ; interchangeable equipment ; static stability assessment ; typical meteorological sequence ; typical meteorological week ; wastewater treatment ; high-rate algae pond ; solar irradiance ; Finkelstein-Schafer statistics ; southern rice ; threshing loss ; fuzzy PID ; adaptive algorithm ; hilly mountainous areas ; rapeseed pod ; surface area measurement ; 3-D measurement ; side area of oblique cylinders ; rapeseed pod seed testing machine ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The world faces a water crisis that is exacerbated by climate change. With just 3% of Earth's water being freshwater, much of it is inaccessible. Only 0.08% is used by humans, impacting ecosystems. This collection aims to provide solutions, knowledge, and tools for sustainable water resource management. The demand for water, particularly for agriculture, is rising, leading to competition among users. The conservation of freshwater ecosystems is vital. Climate change will further strain water resources, affecting agriculture and soil productivity. This collection of 89 papers offers insights and solutions for global stakeholders, aiding decision-makers in addressing water-related challenges in an ever-changing world.
    Keywords: climate change ; urban floods ; remote sensing ; water governance ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 197
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Medical data can be defined as obtaining information from patients (such as signals, images, sounds, chemical components and their concentration, body temperature, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and different treatment measurements) to quantify the patient’s status and disease stage. Computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems use classical image processing, computer vision, machine learning, and deep learning methods for image analysis. Using image classification or segmentation algorithms, they find a region of interest (ROI) pointing to a specific location within the given image or an outcome of interest in the form of a label pointing to a diagnosis or prognosis. Computer science, with the evolution of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques, facilitates the modeling and interpretation of results—from carrying out measurements to experiments and observations. Employing technological tools for collection, processing, and analysis incorporates understanding the patient’s status and developing the treatment plan. Achieving highly accurate models requires a huge dataset. This issue can be solved by having enough knowledge around medical data processing and their analysis. This reprint shows state-of-the-art research in the field of medical data processing and analysis. The medical data are represented in signals, images, raw data, protein sequences, etc. Processing and analysis of any kind can indicate specific issues in the medical sector such as diagnosis, detection, prediction, and segmentation to enhance the visualization of the processed data
    Keywords: atrial fibrillation ; perfect matrix of Lagrange differences ; statistical indicator ; decision support system ; deep learning ; heart failure ; mortality ; risk prediction ; time-varying covariates ; motor imagery ; Isolation Forest ; anomaly detection ; EEG signals classification ; PIMA dataset ; Type-2 diabetes ; Recurrent Neural Networks ; weight optimization ; Hamlet Pattern ; protein sequence classification ; SARS-CoV-2 ; bioinformatics ; machine learning ; ensemble learning ; heart disease ; ECG ; iris-spectrogram ; scalogram ; CNN ; ResNet101 ; ShuffleNet ; heart rhythm ; H. pylori ; atrophic gastritis ; convolution neural network ; feature fusion ; Canonical Correlation Analysis ; ReliefF ; generalized additive model ; diabetes mellitus ; blood glucose prediction ; forecasting ; long short-term memory ; nature-inspired feature selection ; leukemia ; white blood cell ; classification ; medical imaging ; breast cancer ; histopathological image ; review ; COVID-19 pandemic ; hybrid models ; public health ; accuracy and efficiency ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 198
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The reprint has collected the latest scientific achievements in the microstructure-related deformation and fracture behavior of various metallic materials (e.g., steels, superalloys, and titanium alloys) under monotonical or cyclic loads. According to the research findings arising from this collection of works, the initial microstructure and microstructural evolution have a significant effect on deformation and fracture mechanisms and, thus, mechanical properties. To understand these influences, microstructure characterization, mechanical property testing, and numerical simulation are discussed in this reprint. These results are beneficial for promoting the potential applications of these materials and for the future development of novel high-performance metallic materials.
    Keywords: G20Mn5QT steel ; crack initiation mechanism ; fatigue strength ; size effect ; shape effect ; 35CrMo steel ; high-cycle fatigue ; damage mechanism ; fatigue strength prediction ; heat treatment ; Mg-Zn-Ca alloy ; twin boundary ; solute cluster hardening ; molecular dynamics simulation ; seamless steel tubes ; residual stress ; finite element simulation ; heat transfer coefficient ; cooling intensity ; strain rate ; mechanical property ; austenitic low-density steel ; strain hardening ; microstructure ; deformation mechanism ; special-shaped epoxy steel sleeve ; low-strength tee ; strain monitoring ; stress concentration ; grain boundary engineering ; face-centered cubic metal ; special grain boundary ; annealing twin ; mini-CT ; ductile-to-brittle transition range ; reference temperature ; master curve ; fatigue ; titanium ; electron beam melting ; process defects ; damage initiation ; low-carbon steel ; Poisson’s ratio ; digital image correlation ; plastic deformation ; discontinuous yielding ; film cooling hole ; electrical discharge machining ; recast layer ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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  • 199
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint presents a comprehensive exploration of cutting-edge research in various domains, ranging from blockchain integration in agriculture to innovative tools for employees’ performance measurement. The topics cover machine learning applications, healthcare information systems and the adoption of digital business solutions. An emphasis is placed on emerging technologies, like IoT, VR and AR, offering insights into the future of information systems and technologies. The interdisciplinary nature of the papers reflects a wide spectrum of applications, including smart home systems, energy microgrids and novel approaches to classification using online reviews.
    Keywords: blockchain ; IoT ; machine learning ; healthcare systems ; bioinformatics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
    Language: English
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  • 200
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: We thank all contributors of this Special Issue and the editorial staff of Crystals for helping this Special Issue achieve success; we are especially gratefully to the expert reviewers who agreed to review the papers submitted to this Special Issue for their diligence and timely effort. Under joint efforts, finally, this Special Issue published 15 papers, including 1 review paper and 14 original research papers. These published papers are mainly related to the mechanical properties of superelastic alloys, titanium alloys, shape memory alloys, various kinds of steels, medium-entropy alloys, high-temperature alloys, etc. Under the success of this Special Issue, the published papers will promote the development and progress of advanced metallic materials. We sincerely hope these papers can cause the readers to be informative and inspire them to obtain new ideas.
    Keywords: low cycle fatigue ; microstructure ; titanium alloys ; thermal-mechanical alleviation ; current ; plasma arc cladding technology ; 2205 duplex stainless steel ; potentiodynamic polarization curve ; passive film composition ; aluminum micron powder ; microwave radiation ; energetic material ; aluminized high-energy material ; high-speed imaging ; laser monitor ; Fe-based alloy ; superelasticity ; martensitic transformation ; precipitate ; medium-entropy alloy ; twin boundary ; mechanical properties ; molecular dynamics ; Ti alloy ; microstructure evolution ; hot tensile deformation ; fracture mechanism ; 5083/6005A welding joint ; corrosion mechanism ; corrosion model ; fatigue life prediction model ; Cu–Al–Ag alloy ; martensite ; accumulative roll bonding (ARB) ; shape memory alloy (SMA) ; hybrid composites ; characterization ; zirconia ; graphite ; SEM ; selective laser melting ; Inconel 718 alloy ; laser energy density ; microhardness ; laser-based powder bed fusion ; titanium alloy ; Taguchi ; process optimization ; density ; A1. dendrite ; A1. particle pushing ; A1. diffusion ; A2. growth from melt ; B1. alloys ; Ti alloys ; β-phase ; laser cladding ; wear characterization ; biomedical applications ; physical vapor deposition ; pre-oxidation ; coating adhesion ; titanium ; ferritic stainless steel ; high-manganese steel ; structural steel ; phase interface ; reactive wetting ; contact angle ; refractory material ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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