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  • thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general  (855)
  • thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences  (653)
  • English  (1,508)
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  • 2020-2024  (1,508)
  • 2020-2023
  • 1980-1984
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  • 2020-2024  (1,508)
  • 2020-2023
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: social-decision making ; animal behavior ; behavioral ecology ; animal collective behavior ; animal SDM ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 2
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: oligodendrocyte ; Schwann cell ; oligodendrocyte precursor cell ; myelin ; myelin repair ; axon physiology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the past two decades there have been significant advances made in understanding the cellular and molecular alterations that occur with brain ageing, as well as with our understanding of age-related brain diseases. Ageing is associated with a mid-life decline in many cognitive domains (eg. Attention, working memory, episodic memory) that progresses with advancing age and which may be potentiated by a variety of diseases. However, despite the breadth of attempts to explain it, the underlying basis for age-related memory impairment remains poorly understood. Both normal and “pathological” ageing (as in age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease) may be associated with overlapping and increased levels of “abnormal” pathology, and this may be a potential mediator of cognitive decline in both populations. An emerging hypothesis in this field is that metal ion dys/homeostasis may represent a primary unifying mechanism to explain age- and disease-associated memory impairment – either indirectly via an effect on disease pathogenesis, or by a direct effect on signaling pathways relevant to learning and memory. There remains a concerted worldwide effort to deliver an effective therapeutic treatment for cognitive decline associated with ageing and/or disease, which is currently an unmet need. There have been numerous clinical trials conducted specifically testing drugs to prevent cognitive decline and progression to dementia, but to date the results have been less than impressive, highlighting the urgent need for a greater understanding of the neurobiological basis of memory impairment in ageing and disease which can then drive the search for effective therapeutics.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Down Syndrome ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Parkinson's disease ; aluminium ; Iron ; TBI ; Cognition ; Copper ; Alzheimer's disease ; Zinc ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Neuromorphic engineering has just reached its 25th year as a discipline. In the first two decades neuromorphic engineers focused on building models of sensors, such as silicon cochleas and retinas, and building blocks such as silicon neurons and synapses. These designs have honed our skills in implementing sensors and neural networks in VLSI using analog and mixed mode circuits. Over the last decade the address event representation has been used to interface devices and computers from different designers and even different groups. This facility has been essential for our ability to combine sensors, neural networks, and actuators into neuromorphic systems. More recently, several big projects have emerged to build very large scale neuromorphic systems. The Telluride Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop (since 1994) and the CapoCaccia Cognitive Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop (since 2009) have been instrumental not only in creating a strongly connected research community, but also in introducing different groups to each other’s hardware. Many neuromorphic systems are first created at one of these workshops. With this special research topic, we showcase the state-of-the-art in neuromorphic systems.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; neuromorphic engineering ; Learning ; Floating gate ; Neural Network ; spike-based ; event-based ; simulation ; dynamic vision sensor ; network ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 5
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Despite the importance of mathematics in our educational systems little is known about how abstract mathematical thinking emerges. Under the uniting thread of mathematical development, we hope to connect researchers from various backgrounds to provide an integrated view of abstract mathematical cognition. Much progress has been made in the last 20 years on how numeracy is acquired. Experimental psychology has brought to light the fact that numerical cognition stems from spatial cognition. The findings from neuroimaging and single cell recording experiments converge to show that numerical representations take place in the intraparietal sulcus. Further research has demonstrated that supplementary neural networks might be recruited to carry out subtasks; for example, the retrieval of arithmetic facts is done by the angular gyrus. Now that the neural networks in charge of basic mathematical cognition are identified, we can move onto the stage where we seek to understand how these basics skills are used to support the acquisition and use of abstract mathematical concepts.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroimaging ; development ; numerosity ; gifted ; Mathematical Cognition ; algebra ; abstract ; Expertise ; Arithmetic ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Concerns relating to energy supply and climate change have driven renewable energy targets around the world. Marine renewable energy could make a significant contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating the consequences of climate change, while providing a high-technology industry. The conversion of wave and tidal energy into electricity has many advantages. Individual tidal and wave energy devices have been installed and proven, with commercial arrays planned throughout the world. The wave and tidal energy industry has developed rapidly in the past few years; therefore, it seems timely to review current research and map future challenges. Methods to improve understanding of the resource and interactions (between energy extraction, the resource and the environment) are considered, such as resource characterisation (including electricity output), design considerations (e.g., extreme and fatigue loadings) and environmental impacts, at all timescales (ranging from turbulence to decadal) and all spatial scales (from device and array scales to shelf sea scales).
    Keywords: tide-surge-wave model ; Taiwanese waters ; sea-state hindcast ; wave power ; wave energy ; unstructured grid model ; resource characterization ; WaveWatch III ; SWAN ; tidal energy ; experimental testing ; acoustic Doppler profiler ; Strangford Lough ; dc-dc bidirectional converter ; finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC) ; oscillating water column (OWC) ; supercapacitor energy storage (SCES) ; wave climate variability ; wavelet analysis ; teleconnection patterns ; marine renewable energy ; ocean energy ; environmental effects ; wave modeling ; wave propagation ; numerical modeling ; sediment dynamics ; risk assessment ; marine current energy ; spiral involute blade ; hydrodynamic analysis ; numerical simulation ; wave energy trends ; reanalysis wave data ; Chilean coast ; renewable energy ; wave energy converters ; annual mean power production ; wave energy converter ; transmission coefficient ; absorption ; surfing amenity ; resource ; impact assessment ; feasibility study ; floating offshore wave farm ; WEC ; IRR ; LCOE ; marine energy ; unmanned ocean device ; multi-type floating bodies ; nonlinear Froude-Krylov force ; energy efficiency ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Processing and storage can cause changes and interactions in food components that have effects on nutritional value, organoleptic characteristics or even food safety. This book includes 19 research works showing important and interesting advances, as well as new approaches, in this research topic. Four articles are dedicated to studying the effect of canning conditions (filling media and some ingredients) on the diverse parameters of quality for fish and pet foods. Three articles are devoted to studying the effects of dehydration (pre-treatments and drying procedures). One article is dedicated to monitoring the elaboration of a fermented and dehydrated product (sausage) using a portable NIRS device. The ninth article of this book studies the effect of low-dose electron beam irradiation on cooking quality, moisture migration, and thermodynamics, as well as the digestion properties of the isolated starches in newly harvested and dried rice. The next contribution studies the use of different preservatives to avoid the formation of undesirable volatile organic compounds in stracciatella cheese. Another article examines the impact of source material, kibble size, temperature, and duration on the efficiency of the aqueous extraction of sugars and phenolics from carob kibbles by conventional heat-assisted (HAE) and ultrasound-assisted (UAE) methods. In two articles, marinating with different extracts, alone or combined with other seasoning/conditioning methods, was essayed to tenderize beef or to improve the sensory quality of chicken leg and breast meat. The effect of various cooking methods on the quality, structure, pasting, water distribution and protein oxidation of fish and meat-based snacks is studied in the fourteenth article. The last five articles are dedicated to the study of the effects of storage on several foods (olive oil, blueberry, beetroot and Atlantic mackerel).
    Keywords: Electron Beam Irradiation ; rice ; moisture ; physicochemical properties ; rabbiteye blueberry ; postharvest storage ; firmness ; aroma compounds ; off-odor ; dry-fermented sausages ; near infrared spectroscopy ; portable device ; PLS-DA ; Scomber colias ; prior chilling ; Fucus spiralis ; packaging medium ; canning ; lipid damage ; colour ; trimethylamine ; quality ; carob kibbles ; carob juice ; aqueous extraction ; sugars ; phenolics ; free amino acids ; biogenic amines ; filling medium ; European eels ; stracciatella cheese ; volatile organic compounds ; sensory characteristics ; natural preservatives ; cheese storage ; pineapple by-products ; hydrostatic pressure ; bromelain ; enzyme activity ; marinade ; meat ; texture ; water status and distribution ; microstructure ; secondary structure of protein ; Atlantic mackerel ; saffron quality ; secondary metabolites ; drying ; high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) ; spectrophotometry ; canned eels ; olive oil ; sunflower oil ; oxidation ; antioxidants ; total phenols ; vitamin E ; fresh wet noodles ; humidity-controlled dehydration ; microorganisms ; shelf-life ; noodle quality ; “Rocha” pear ; ultrasound ; microwave ; quality characteristics ; empirical models ; beetroot ; organic farming ; storage ; bioactive compounds ; betalain ; nitrate ; sugar ; phenolic compounds ; total dry matter ; chicken meat ; sensory evaluation ; superheated steam ; marination ; hot smoking ; storage effect ; extra virgin olive oil ; phenols ; sterols ; tocopherols ; temperature ; argon ; freeze-thaw cycles ; anthocyanins ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; aroma profiles ; hot-air drying ; blueberry ; cooking methods ; fish meat snacks ; LF-NMR ; SEM ; protein oxidation ; expressible moisture ; gel ; gum ; heat penetration ; thermally processed ; wet pet food ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 8
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: resting-state fMRI ; fMRI denoising ; vascular modulation ; head motion ; arousal ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This book is motivated by our passion to compile recent research on antimicrobial surfaces. We aimed to assemble research papers on the preparation of new materials, antimicrobial testing using different pathogens (bacteria, fungi, and viruses), and the relationship between the coating nanostructure and its reactivity towards the studied pathogen(s). We believe that a good antimicrobial coating should by characterized by (i) a fast activity towards the pathogen, (ii) sustainable activity based on the stability of the coating, and (iii) the lowest possible toxicity for humans and reduced risks for the environment. Striking a compromise between these different challenges is difficult and requires more research.
    Keywords: active packaging ; chitosan ; methylcellulose ; natamycin ; antimicrobial action ; quaternary ammonium groups ; acrylic acid ; glycidyl methacrylate ; crosslinking reaction ; coating ; edible films ; edible coatings ; antimicrobial agents ; fresh fish ; spoilage ; shelf-life ; black anther disease ; orchid cut flower ; silver nanoparticles ; antifouling efficacy ; flow-through ; triangular box ; Amphibalanus amphitrite ; cuprous oxide ; dynamic aging ; repellant activity ; raft experiment ; bioassay ; biofouling of ships’ hull ; polypropylene ; hernia meshes ; antibacterial ; drug release ; polydopamine ; antimicrobial ; citric acid ; cross-linked ; cold plasma ; antimicrobial activity ; brilliant green ; crystal violet ; demethylation ; lignin ; polyurethane coatings ; triphenylmethane dyes ; 3D printing ; catheters ; dialysis ; extrusion ; infections ; manufacturing ; infection ; coatings ; silver ; nanomaterials ; plasma deposition ; titanium-based thin films ; copper ; magnetron sputtering ; super-elastic coatings ; E. coli inactivation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 10
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Glial cells are no longer considered passive bystanders in neuronal brain circuits. Not only are they required for housekeeping and brain metabolism, they are active participants in regulating the physiological function and plasticity of brain circuits and the online control of behavior both in invertebrate and vertebrate model systems. In invertebrates, glial cells are essential for normal function of sensory organs (C. elegans) and necessary for the circadian regulation of locomotor activity (D. melanogaster). In the mamallian brain, astrocytes are implicated in the regulation of cortical brain rhythms and sleep homeostasis. Disruption of AMPA receptor function in a subset of glial cell types in mice shows behavioral deficits. Furthermore, genetic disruption of glial cell function can directly control behavioral output. Regulation of ionic gradients by glia can underlie bistability of neurons and can modulate the fidelity of synaptic transmission. Grafting of human glial progenitor cells in mouse forebrain results in human glial chimeric mice with enhanced plasticity and improved behavioral performance, suggesting that astrocytes have evolved to cope with information processing in more complex brains. Taken together, current evidence is strongly suggestive that glial cells are essential contributors to information processing in the brain. This Research Topic compiles recent research that shows how the molecular mechanisms underlying glial cell function can be dissected, reviews their impact on plasticity and behavior across species and presents novel approaches to further probe their function.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Cerebellum ; C. elegans ; Astrocytes ; DREADD ; Cortex ; plasticity ; Gq ; Behavior ; glia ; Hippocampus ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Anthropogenic and natural disturbances to freshwater quantity and quality are a greater issue for society than ever before. To successfully restore water resources requires understanding the interactions between hydrology, climate, land use, water quality, ecology, and social and economic pressures. This Special Issue of Water includes cutting edge research broadly addressing investigative areas related to experimental study designs and modeling, freshwater pollutants of concern, and human dimensions of water use and management. Results demonstrate the immense, globally transferable value of the experimental watershed approach, the relevance and critical importance of current integrated studies of pollutants of concern, and the imperative to include human sociological and economic processes in water resources investigations. In spite of the latest progress, as demonstrated in this Special Issue, managers remain insufficiently informed to make the best water resource decisions amidst combined influences of land use change, rapid ongoing human population growth, and changing environmental conditions. There is, thus, a persistent need for further advancements in integrated and interdisciplinary research to improve the scientific understanding, management, and future sustainability of water resources.
    Keywords: physical habitat ; aquatic ecology ; stream health ; environmental flows ; land use ; hydrology ; hydroecology ; ecohydrology ; climate change ; Appalachia ; reforestation ; land use-land cover ; land-atmosphere coupling ; water quality ; environmental perceptions ; human dimensions ; spatial models ; socioeconomics ; urban watershed management ; municipal watershed ; water quality impairment ; collaborative adaptive management ; water resources ; urban watersheds ; endocrine disrupting chemical ; opioid ; pathway analysis ; ontology ; metabolomics ; decision-making ; logit regression ; farmer perceptions ; social networks ; public funds ; water conservation adoption ; good governance ; sanitation ; sustainability ; water supply ; water-saving agriculture ; Chinese provincial input efficiency ; three-stage DEA model ; environmental variables ; Boufakrane river watershed ; remote sensing ; LULCC ; water balances ; vulnerability ; total dissolved solids ; drinking water ; Appalachian Mountains ; streamflow sensitivity ; water security ; water balance partitioning ; Budyko ; Escherichia coli ; Suspended particulate matter ; Water quality ; Land use practices ; Watershed management ; basin ; hydrologic model ; reaeration rates ; stream metabolism ; watershed ; physicochemistry ; land use practices ; experimental watershed ; suspended particulate matter ; stream water temperature ; watershed management ; bacteria ; land-use practices ; environmental persistence ; saturated hydraulic conductivity ; pedotransfer function ; model validation ; Chesapeake Bay Watershed ; experimental watershed study ; human dimensions of water ; watershed modeling ; hydrological modeling ; water pollutants ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue provides an insight, collated from 26 articles, focusing on various aspects of the Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration (FFPLA) concept and its application. It presents some influential and innovative trends and recommendations for designing, implementing, maintaining and further developing Fit-For-Purpose solutions for providing secure land rights at scale. The first group of 14 articles is published in Volume One and discusses various conceptual innovations related to spatial, legal and institutional aspects and its wider applications within land use management. The second group of 12 articles is published in Volume Two and focuses on case studies from various countries throughout the world, providing evidence and lessons learned from the FFPLA implementation process.
    Keywords: complete cadastre ; legal element ; fixing boundary ; eligible landowner ; agreement ; boundary marker ; fit-for-purpose land administration (FFP LA) ; violent conflict ; United Nations ; extra-legal ; transitional justice ; peace building ; land governance ; power relations ; securing land rights ; land registration ; development impacts ; fit-for-purpose land administration ; land administration ; decentralization ; India ; fit-for-purpose ; institutions ; governance ; politics ; Amazon ; deforestation ; Fit-For-Purpose land administration ; participatory mapping ; indigenous land conflict ; Cumaribo ; Colombia ; community-based land adjudication ; components of adjudication ; land tenure ; land rights ; good practices ; updating land records ; systematic land registration ; unconventional approach ; case study ; Benin ; cadaster ; land administration domain model ; LADM ; cadastre ; FFPLA ; customary tenure ; land inventory ; land management ; mobile-based applications ; pro-poor ; land surveying ; tenure security ; land rights and tenure ; fit-for-purpose approach ; human rights ; design science research ; design thinking ; fit for purpose ; spatial data quality ; spatial data quality assurance ; maintenance ; update ; upgrade ; upkeep ; renewal ; data quality ; spatial framework ; STDM ; technology ; UAV ; feature extraction ; rapid urbanization ; climate change ; pandemic ; urban resilience ; spatial ; legal ; and institutional frameworks ; land tenure security ; pro-poor land recordation ; land governance reform ; cost effectiveness ; innovative technology ; case studies ; Uganda ; customary land tenure ; land recordation tools ; semantic technologies ; land information system ; fit-for-purpose land management ; aerial and street level imagery ; machine learning ; integrated land programs ; land policy ; pilot study ; informal settlements ; urban development ; Brazil ; community-based crowdsourcing ; SiGIT ; Ecuador ; land and resources rights ; public-private partnerships ; corporate social responsibility ; poverty reduction ; business driven solutions ; social enterprises ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: During cell metabolism, oxygen is partially reduced to reactive oxygen species (ROS) that play a physiological role in cellular processes. However, an imbalance between the production of ROS and the ability of defenses to detoxify the organism provokes oxidative stress. Oxidative stress and its subsequent damages to vital cellular components have been associated with numerous severe chronic disorders. In addition, oxidation reactions are responsible for food deterioration during processing and storage. Peptides from animal and vegetal food sources have attracted attention due to the large evidence of their in vitro antioxidant properties. In addition to their potential as safer alternatives to synthetic antioxidants used to prevent oxidative reactions in foods, antioxidant peptides can also act by reducing the risk of numerous oxidative stress-associated diseases. Furthermore, peptides can act synergistically with nonpeptide antioxidants, enhancing their protective effect. This Special Issue of the Foods journal includes outstanding papers illustrating examples of the most recent advances on antioxidant peptides from both vegetal and animal sources. The existing data on their bioactivities demonstrated by in silico, in vitro, and animal models are included as well as the mechanisms of action of identified antioxidant peptides.
    Keywords: food peptides ; reactive oxygen species ; antioxidant enzymes ; whey protein hydrolysate ; hydrolysis condition ; food antioxidant ; ORAC ; cellular ROS ; HepG2 ; peptides ; egg white ; egg yolk ; antioxidant peptides ; sarcopenia ; whey protein ; muscle ; C2C12 ; aged animals ; older adult ; exercise ; bioactive peptides ; animal protein ; multifunctionality ; antioxidant activity ; in silico ; cell models ; fruit residues ; antioxidant ; extraction ; albumin ; albumin peptide ; antioxidant peptide ; bioactive peptide ; mung bean ; mung bean albumin ; peptide sequencing ; Vigna radiata ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In this EBook, we highlight how newly emerging techniques for non-invasive manipulation of the human brain, combined with simultaneous recordings of neural activity, contribute to the understanding of brain functions and neural dynamics in humans. A growing body of evidence indicates that the neural dynamics (e.g., oscillations, synchrony) are important in mediating information processing and networking for various functions in the human brain. Most of previous studies on human brain dynamics, however, show correlative relationships between brain functions and patterns of neural dynamics measured by imaging methods such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In contrast, manipulative approaches by non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) have been developed and extensively used. These approaches include transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electric stimulation (tES) such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), alternating current stimulation (tACS), and random noise stimulation (tRNS), which can directly manipulate neural dynamics in the intact human brain. Although the neural-correlate approach is a strong tool, we think that manipulative approaches have far greater potential to show causal roles of neural dynamics in human brain functions. There have been technical challenges with using manipulative methods together with imaging methods. However, thanks to recent technical developments, it has become possible to use combined methods such as TMS–EEG coregistration. We can now directly measure and manipulate neural dynamics and analyze functional consequences to show causal roles of neural dynamics in various brain functions. Moreover, these combined methods can probe brain excitability, plasticity and cortical networking associated with information processing in the intact human brain. The contributors to this EBook have succeeded in showcasing cutting-edge studies and demonstrate the huge impact of their approaches on many areas in human neuroscience and clinical applications.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; non-invasive brain stimulation NIBS ; TMS-EEG ; Transcranial magnetic stimulation TMS ; transcranial electric stimulation tES ; Coregistration ; Near-infrared spectroscopy NIRS ; Functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI ; transcranial direct current stimulation tDCS ; transcranial alternating current stimulation tACS ; transcranial random noise stimulation tRNS ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Bálint’s syndrome is named after the Hungarian physician who first reported a remarkable case of a man with complex visuospatial deficits following bilateral lesions within parietal and occipital cortex (Bálint, 1909). The syndrome has three primary symptoms: simultanagnosia (impaired spatial awareness of more than one object at time), optic ataxia (misreaching to visual targets) and ocular apraxia (described by Bálint as “psychic paralysis of gaze”). Balint’s patients not only cannot perceive more than one object at time and therefore show poor comprehension of multi-object visual scenes i.e. poor detection of all the objects present and difficulty in grasping the relationship between them; in addition they typically fail to reach towards location of the single object, which they can perceive. The deficit of the allocation of spatial attention in Balint’s syndrome has been linked to a problem in feature binding which results in illusory conjunctions. Patients with Balint’s syndrome also show deficits in global processing i.e. when integration of multiple local elements into global compound shapes is required. Consequently, Balint’s syndrome provides a unique opportunity to study the nature and neuroanatomy of human visuospatial processing, in particular multi-level object representation, spatial awareness and the distribution of visual attention. The studies collected here cover both the anatomical and the cognitive mechanisms of the different symptoms associated with the syndrome. Furthermore, the dissociations between the components of Bálints’ syndrome, in particular simultanagnosia and optic ataxia, can also co-occur with visual neglect and extinction and the different combinations of reported lesions raises a question about the status of the syndrome and whether it should be merely treated as a historical compilation of symptoms which may or may not coexist cohesively. This interesting argument is raised here.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; posterior cortical atrophy ; Balints syndrome ; optic ataxia ; Posterior parietal cortex ; simultanagnosia ; ocular apraxia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 16
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: As an important tool of systems biology, proteomics has enabled a deep understanding of different plant processes and functions. Complemented with genomic data, computational tools, and improved sample preparation strategies, proteomics has an unprecedented opportunity to characterize plant proteoforms in high spatial and temporal resolution. This special issue of Plant Proteomic Research 4.0 captures the recent advancements in proteomics and addresses the current challenges of plant stress response and resilience in the ever-changing climate. It contains 12 articles, including three reviews and nine original research articles. The three reviews deal with pollen phosphoproteomics, starch biosynthesis-related proteins and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in rice developing seeds, and PTMs of waxy proteins in rice grain. The nine research articles include three related to temperature, two on water stress, two on salt stress, one on fungal pathogen, and the last one on field-grown potato apoplast proteome. The articles reflect the current frontiers of plant proteomics, focusing on themes of environmental stresses, proteoforms/PTMs, crop species, and new development in data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. They provide readers insights into current technologies, their utility in understanding plant growth and resilience, as well as directions of proteomics in the frontiers of systems biology and synthetic biology.
    Keywords: peptide markers ; Quercus ilex ; drought tolerance ; targeted post-acquisition proteomics ; plant pathogenesis responses ; quantitative proteomics ; data-independent acquisition ; Phytophthora infestans ; waxy ; amylose ; posttranslational modification ; GBSSI ; rice ; wheat ; salt stress ; physiological characteristics ; ER proteome ; label-free quantitation ; starch biosynthesis ; proteomics ; starch functionality ; cooking and eating quality ; Mesembryanthemum crystallinum ; McHB7 ; transcription factor ; late embryogenesis abundant ; Arabidopsis ; seed germination ; metabolomics ; heat-stable proteome ; dehydrins ; LEA transcripts ; intrinsically disordered proteins ; floral thermogenesis ; Nelumbo nucifera ; DIA-based quantitative proteomics ; time series analysis ; protein-protein interaction network ; WGCNA ; mutant soybean ; flooding ; glycoprotein folding ; fermentation ; cell death ; rice endosperm ; phosphorylation ; high temperature ; sucrose and starch metabolism ; ABPP ; apoplast ; serine hydrolases ; β-glycosidases ; potato ; field-omics ; phosphoproteomics ; pollen tube ; male gametophyte ; root hair ; signal transduction ; kinase motif ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The tale of cyclic GMP has been astonishing. Having overcome an initial disbelief, cyclic GMP has risen to its present eminence as a premium cellular signal transduction messenger of not only hormonal extracellular but also of the intracellular signals. This research topic focuses on the pathways and functions of membrane guanylate cyclases in different tissues of the body and their interplay with intracellular sensory signals where in many cases, cyclic GMP along with Ca2+ have taken on roles as synarchic co-messengers.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Glaucoma ; Visceral Pain ; Calcium ; membrane guanylate cyclase ; ANF-RGC ; Gene Therapy ; Cyclic GMP ; synaptic plasticity ; trafficking ; ROS-GC ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Introducing “A Feasible Approach for Natural Products to Treatment of Diseases”–an exploration of the therapeutic potential locked within nature’s abundant offerings. This comprehensive reprint delves into the fascinating realm of natural products, uncovering their inherent properties, mechanisms of action, and potential roles in effective disease management. Through extensive scientific research and reviews, the authors shed light on the immense potential of natural products as a viable approach to enhancing health and combating diseases. This reprint presents a diverse and multidimensional exploration, bridging the gap between traditional wisdom and contemporary scientific understanding and offering new avenues for healthcare professionals, researchers, and enthusiasts to harness the power of nature’s remarkable resources. As a catalyst for unlocking the healing potential of natural products, this reprint inspires further investigation and innovation, and drives us towards a future where their integration into mainstream healthcare becomes indispensable. Discover the possibilities and embark on a health and well-being journey with “A Feasible Approach for Natural Products to Treatment of Diseases”.
    Keywords: cancer immunotherapy ; fructan ; FT-IR ; mass spectrometry ; young green barley ; COVID-19 ; β-glucans ; immunomodulation ; anti-inflammation ; anti-oxidant ; ACE2 regulation ; impedance ; ECIS ; antitumor activity ; anticancer properties ; betulin ; betulinic acid ; Amadori rearrangement compounds ; barley ; anti-obesity ; arginyl-fructose ; adipogenic ; ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraenol (ERGT) ; cholesta-5,7,22,24-tetraenol (CHT) ; ergosterol biosynthesis ; antimetabolite ; suicide substrate ; Trypanosoma brucei ; coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 ; main protease ; Saussurea costus ; molecular docking ; GC-MS profiling ; Molineria recurvata ; diabetic nephropathy ; urinary biomarkers ; inflammation ; oxidative stress ; walnut ; Juglans regia ; high-fat diet ; insulin resistance ; cognitive function ; JNK/NFκB pathway ; Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium ; flavonoids ; anticancer ; mechanism ; phenotype ; Angelica sinensis polysaccharide ; Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide ; hexokinase 2 ; glycolysis ; JAK2/STAT3 pathway ; liver regeneration ; Holoptelea integrifolia ; MMP-9 ; wound healing ; friedelin ; oxalactam A ; macrolactam ; anti-Rhizoctonia solani ; Penicillium oxalicum ; molecular dynamics ; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ; natural products ; terpenoids ; mechanisms ; treatment ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 19
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: In recent years, inorganic oxidic nanomaterials have been extensively investigated for their outstanding properties that allow their use within a large variety of raising fields of interest, ranging from (photo)catalysis to the development of functional nanocomposites. Nanoscopic metal (eventually mixed) oxides are often fabricated following soft-chemistry approaches, characterized by the possibility of favouring specific morphologies, particles dimensions, and surface porosities through different synthetic methods and templating processes. In this context, surface functionalities and reactivity play a major role in the determination of nanomaterials final properties. For this reason, further surface functionalization with specific chemical moieties is often recommended to extend their field of application. This Special Issue, now edited as a book, aimed at extending the comprehension of the mechanisms involved in the synthesis and templating of inorganic oxidic nanomaterials, as well as in their surface functionalization and reactivity. Additionally, this Special Issue aimed at increasing the knowledge on the latest advances of these systems in (photo)catalysis, environmental clean-up processes, energy storage, controlled transport and/or release, biomedicine, sensing, development of smart-materials, stimuli-responsive materials, and nanocomposites. Nanomaterials of interest included: silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, zinc oxide, aluminosilicates, iron oxides, perovskites and titanates, rare earth oxides, and composites. Furthermore, particular attention was dedicated toward studies describing alternative ecofriendly preparation methods.
    Keywords: alumino-silicates ; biomedicine ; ceramics ; clays ; inorganic chemistry ; environmental remediation ; nanomaterials ; porous materials ; mesoporous material ; zero-valent-iron nanoparticles ; methylene blue adsorption ; metal–organic framework ; iridium oxide ; nanostructuration ; IrO2 applications ; IrO2 synthesis ; OER ; C3N4 ; ZnO ; heterojunction ; photocatalyst ; metal oxide nanocomposites ; microstructural analysis ; electrospinning ; polymer substrate ; photodegradation ; LSA 99Mo ; thermodynamic parameters ; solid-phase extraction ; isotherm ; metal oxides NPs ; Ni-Fe-TiO2 nanocomposite ; microstructure ; biocompatibility ; endodontic file ; graphitic carbon nitride ; photocatalysts ; g-C3N4/ZnO ; visible light ; photocatalytic degradation ; inorganic coatings ; functional coatings ; stimuli-responsive polymers ; sol–gel ; antimicrobial ; wear-resistance ; photo-catalytic activity ; UV protection ; calcium oxide-doped carbon nitride nanostructures ; basic fuchsine ; elimination mechanism ; π-π stacking ; magnetic nanoparticles ; magnetite ; solvothermal synthesis ; waste valorization ; green chemistry ; advanced oxidation processes ; experimental protocols ; heterogeneous catalysis ; inorganic thermal activation ; organic pollutants ; perovskites ; physico-chemical characterization ; solution combustion synthesis ; strontium ferrates ; water treatment ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNK Inorganic chemistry
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  • 20
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The sustainability of water resources worldwide is increasingly imperiled as climate change contributes to the human-induced problems of water supply scarcity and maldistribution. Environmental problems associated with water quality, such as aquifer depletion, land subsidence, the seasonal drying of river flows, waterlogging, the salinization of rivers and groundwater, and human health problems from the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides will require a radical re-thinking of resource-management policy and new tools to help analysts and regulators craft novel solutions. Over the past several decades, with the advent and rapid progress of computational technology, watershed models have increasingly become important and effective tools for tackling a wide range of water resource and environmental management issues and for supporting regulatory compliance. Statistical and machine-learning methods are being used to support and even supplant more traditional simulation models to improve the estimation of the temporal dynamics and patterns of variability in pollutant concentrations and loads. With the advancements in modeling approaches for water quality, there have also been developments in decision-support tools for water quality management. This reprint describes innovative decision-support approaches from around the world and across sectors that can be applied by stakeholders, government entities, and regulators to reduce environmental pollution and result in cost-effective and sustainable water management strategies.
    Keywords: tree-ring ; flow reconstruction ; pre-development ; estuarine salinity ; salinity intrusion ; water quality forecasting ; decision support ; WARMF ; regression model ; salinity ; irrigated agriculture ; stakeholder involvement ; stream water quality ; CART ; ID3 ; random forest ; bagging ; boosting ; extremely random trees ; Gradient Boosting ; land use factor ; Decision Support System ; water quality forecast ; MLP neural network ; Daubechies 5 wavelet ; long short-term memory network ; hybrid model ; decomposition-and-ensemble ; CE-QUAL-W2 ; EDSS ; SaaS ; irrigation ; agriculture ; policy ; water ; economics ; model ; conservation practices ; decision making ; nutrients ; sediment ; targeting ; water quality ; chemical footprint ; emerging contaminants ; endocrine-disrupting compounds ; footprint calculator ; personal care products ; remote sensing ; geographical information systems ; watershed management ; ambient monitoring ; data collection ; San Joaquin River ; decision support system ; assimilative capacity ; real-time management economics ; drinking water quality ; operational decision-making ; real-time monitoring ; Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control
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  • 21
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Our world is facing many challenges, such as poverty, hunger, resource shortage, environmental degradation, climate change, and increased inequalities and conflicts. To address such challenges, the United Nations proposed the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), consisting of 17 interlinked global goals, as the strategic blueprint of world sustainable development. Nevertheless, the implementation of the SDG framework has been very challenging and the COVID-19 pandemic has further impeded the SDG implementation progress. Accelerated efforts are needed to enable all stakeholders, ranging from national and local governments, civil society, private sector, academia and youth, to contribute to addressing this dilemma. This volume of the Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability book series aims to offer inspiration and creativity on approaches to sustainable development. Among other things, it covers topics of COVID-19 and sustainability, environmental pollution, food production, clean energy, low-carbon transport promotion, and strategic governance for sustainable initiatives. This book can reveal facts about the challenges we are facing on the one hand and provide a better understanding of drivers, barriers, and motivations to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all on the other. Research presented in this volume can provide different stakeholders, including planners and policy makers, with better solutions for the implementation of SDGs. Prof. Bao-Jie He acknowledges the Project NO. 2021CDJQY-004 supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. We appreciate the assistance from Mr. Lifeng Xiong, Mr. Wei Wang, Ms. Xueke Chen and Ms. Anxian Chen at School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, China.
    Keywords: climate change ; sustainable development goals ; urban transformation ; decarbonization ; built environment ; governance ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 22
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Neurodegeneration ; Peptides ; cognitive ; model ; Parkinson's disease ; database ; transgenic ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the search for simple explanations of the natural world, its complicated textures are often filed down to a smoothened surface of our liking. The impetus for this Research Topic was borne out of a need to re-ignite interest in the complex – in this case in the context of ion channels in the nervous system. Ion channels are the large proteins that form regulated pores in the membranes of cells and, in the brain, are essential for the transfer, processing and storage of information. These pores full of twists and turns themselves are not just barren bridges into cells. More and more we are beginning to understand that ion channels are like bustling medieval bridges (packed with apartments and shops) rather than the more sleek modern variety – they are dynamic hubs connected with many structures facilitating associated activities. Our understanding of these networks continues to expand as our investigative tools advance. Together these articles highlight how the complexity of ion channel signaling nexuses is critical to the proper functioning of the nervous system.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Nervous System ; Ion Channels ; Interactome ; cellular signaling ; Protein complexes ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: Brainstem monoamine neurons ; locus coeruleus ; emotion ; pain ; morphometry ; amphetamine derivatives ; sleep ; gaze ; trigeminal nerve ; microglia. ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book offers a provocative account of interdisciplinary research across the neurosciences, social sciences and humanities. Setting itself against standard accounts of interdisciplinary 'integration,' and rooting itself in the authors' own experiences, the book establishes a radical agenda for collaboration across these disciplines. Rethinking Interdisciplinarity does not merely advocate interdisciplinary research, but attends to the hitherto tacit pragmatics, affects, power dynamics, and spatial logics in which that research is enfolded. Understanding the complex relationships between brains, minds, and environments requires a delicate, playful and genuinely experimental interdisciplinarity, and this book shows us how it can be done.
    Keywords: neurosciences ; interdisciplinarity ; social sciences ; interdisciplinary research ; integration ; humanities ; Des Fitzgerald ; Epistemology ; Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: As a member of the protein family known as neurotrophins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role in supporting healthy brain function, which includes synaptic plasticity, cellular differentiation, learning, and the survival of nerve cells. Neuronal plasticity refers to the nervous system’s ability to adapt and respond to environmental conditions, involving various structural and functional mechanisms that can lead to changes in neural circuits, the formation of new synapses, and the generation of fresh neurons. BDNF has emerged as a significant regulator of neuronal plasticity. It is worth noting that the pathophysiological processes underlying central nervous system disorders and neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, autism, and schizophrenia, as well as neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, are influenced by BDNF. Due to its robust neuroprotective properties and recently discovered anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic characteristics, BDNF has long been considered a potential candidate for preventing neurodegeneration. In the context of autism spectrum disorder, BDNF holds great promise as a central focus for therapeutic efforts. Its significance extends to the field of spinal cord injury, where it assumes a multifaceted role in the intricate pathophysiological processes at play. BDNF functions as a catalyst for the growth of axons, a crucial step in the restoration of the nervous system following damage. In the context of sepsis, research into the potential of BDNF’s anti-inflammatory properties to mitigate organ damage is quite noteworthy. Additionally, current findings suggest that combining exercise with vitamin D may offer a promising approach to increase BDNF levels and improve brain health. This book presents comprehensive information on BDNF and its role in promoting neuroprotection. The chapters offer insights into recent developments, molecular principles, and innovative therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative disorders and brain health.
    Keywords: bdnf ; inflammation ; oxidative stress ; biomarker ; sepsis ; ketamine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book brings together recent research related to urban resilience, in particular, taking into account climate change impacts and hydrological hazards. Due to the complexity of our cities, which are vulnerable and continuously evolving systems, urban resilience should be considered as a transversal and multi-sectorial issue, affecting different urban services, several hazards, and all the steps of the risk management cycle. Within this context, the different pieces of research that form this book deal with the topics of multi-risk and urban resilience assessment, analysis of cascading effects, and the proposal and prioritization of adaptation measures and strategies to cope with climate-related hazards through multi-criteria analysis.
    Keywords: RESCCUE project ; Electrical distribution network ; Flooding ; Risk Assessment ; city resiliency ; GIS model ; drought ; water scarcity ; water availability ; climate change ; hydrological modeling ; resilience ; flooding ; hazard mapping ; risk identification ; sustainability ; urban resilience ; traffic modelling ; resilience assessment ; urban services ; cities ; Ecosystem Services (ES) ; Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) ; Resilience Assessment Framework (RAF) ; stakeholders’ validation ; stormwater management and control ; depth‒damage curves ; urban floods ; properties ; claims ; flood expert surveyor ; fluvial ; pluvial ; tidal ; sewer ; flood ; risk ; modelling ; cascading effects ; urban flood ; water quality ; cost-benefit analysis ; combined sewer overflows ; climate change adaptation ; climate risk ; socio-economic assessment ; flood risk assessment ; 1D/2D hydrodynamic model ; Metro system ; subway ; urban mobility ; pluvial floods ; 1D/2D coupled models ; impact assessment ; adaptation strategies ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 28
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book is a collection of Special Issue articles with a multidisciplinary character, linking biology, medicine, and synthetic organic chemistry. The synthesis and full characterization of about 180 novel organic species, both of natural and synthetic origin, often designed with the support of in-silico studies, are set out in the book. In several articles, molecular hybridization approaches have been used as a successful multi-target strategy for the design and development of novel antitumor agents. Rigorous and careful biochemical studies ranging from in-vitro experiments on a plethora of human-cancer derived cell lines to in-vivo and ex-vivo studies allowed the authors to identify the molecular targets and gain useful information on structure–activity relationships (SAR). For this reason, this collection should interest many readers from different scientific fields.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Research during the past decade highlights the strong link between appetitive feeding behavior, reward and motivation. Interestingly, stress levels can affect feeding behavior by manipulating hypothalamic circuits and brain dopaminergic reward pathways. Indeed, animals and people will increase or decrease their feeding responses when stressed. In many cases acute stress leads to a decrease in food intake, yet chronic social stressors are associated to increases in caloric intake and adiposity. Interestingly, mood disorders and the treatments used to manage these disorders are also associated with changes in appetite and body weight. These data suggest a strong interaction between the systems that regulate feeding and metabolism and those that regulate mood. This Research Topic aims to illustrate how hormonal mechanisms regulate the nexus between feeding behavior and stress. It focuses on the hormonal regulation of hypothalamic circuits and/or brain dopaminergic systems, as the potential sites controlling the converging pathways between feeding behavior and stress.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; stress ; Obesity ; Dopamine ; Ghrelin ; Leptin ; Seasonal regulation ; feeding ; HPA axis ; Hypothalamus ; circadian rhythms ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: euromodulation is among the fastest-growing areas of medicine, involving many diverse specialties and affecting hundreds of thousands of patients with numerous disorders worldwide. It can briefly be described as the science of how electrical, chemical, and mechanical interventions can modulate the nervous system function. A prominent example of neuromodulation is deep brain stimulation (DBS), an intervention that reflects a fundamental shift in the understanding of neurological and psychiatric diseases: namely as resulting from a dysfunctional activity pattern in a defined neuronal network that can be normalized by targeted stimulation. The application of DBS has grown remarkably and more than 130,000 patients worldwide have obtained a DBS intervention in the past 30 years—most of them for treating movement disorders. This Frontiers Research Topics provides an overview on the current discussion beyond basic research in DBS and other brain stimulation technologies. Researchers from various disciplines, who are working on broader clinical, ethical and social issues related to DBS and related neuromodulation technologies, have contributed to this research topic.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Informed Consent ; Deep Brain Stimulation ; Depression ; Neurosurgery ; Movement Disorders ; Neuromodulation ; Enhancement ; Neuroethics ; Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue explored different topics concerning recent progress in the synthesis and characterization of suitable innovative macromolecular systems, proposed as carriers of specific antimicrobial molecules, to be employed in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Many infectious diseases are induced by omnipresent micro-organisms, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, and algae, and, consequently, are very common, accounting for a significant share of the global disease burden. Unfortunately, antimicrobial resistance, adverse effects, and the high cost of antimicrobials are crucial health challenges worldwide. One of the common efforts in addressing this issue lies in improving the existing antimicrobial delivery systems. In this regard, nanoparticles as well as three-dimensional hydrophilic systems represent valuable tools able to ensure excellent performances. Biocompatible polymeric particles, entrapping these bioactive molecules, are capable of releasing them over a desired period of time, thereby decreasing the frequency of their administration. At the same time, these systems are able to protect antimicrobial drugs from degradation, enhancing their bioavailability. This Special Issue serves to highlight and capture the contemporary progress recorded in this field.
    Keywords: film nanocomposite ; essential oil ; supercritical CO2 ; long-term package ; hybrid nanoparticles ; biocompatible polymer ; antimicrobial amphiphiles ; dynamic light scattering ; scanning electron microscopy ; cell viability from counting of colony-forming unities ; antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles ; Escherichia coli ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Candida albicans ; hydrogel ; polyvinyl alcohol ; aliphatic dicarboxylic acids ; sustained release ; linezolid ; equilibrium swelling ratio ; accumulative release ; thermogravimetric analysis ; gram-negative bacteria ; multidrug resistance ; polymer therapeutics ; colistin ; polymyxin B ; nanoliposomes ; MDR-Bacteria ; chitosan ; nanotechnologies ; plant extracts ; agro-food-wastes ; antimicrobial agents ; polymeric nanocarriers ; mixed polymeric micelles ; drug delivery ; antibiotics ; Pluronic F127 ; antimicrobial agent ; polymeric nanomaterial ; self-assembly ; antimicrobial peptide ; silver nanoparticle ; anti-biofilm ; wound healing ; bromelain ; nisin ; bioactivity ; biomedicine ; carrier ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This open access book describes the latest advances in the anal incontinence diagnostic and therapeutic processes. Anal incontinence is a devastating condition heavily impacting on the patients’ lives. Those suffering from this disorder are generally very embarrassed and reluctant to undergo an appropriate clinical evaluation, thus becoming more isolated and worsening the quality of their life. Luckily, nowadays a wide range of treatments is available to improve this oppressive condition; however, the recognition of the related pathophysiological alterations is mandatory to grant its successful management. This volume will help the surgeons community to keep abreast of developments in diagnostics and treatment of this impairing condition. and will provide all health professionals with the appropriate tools to face this impairing condition.
    Keywords: Continence mechanism ; Fecal incontinence ; Pelviperineal disorders ; Anal sphincter ; Continence Surgery ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MN Surgery ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJH Gastroenterology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJS Urology and urogenital medicine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKS Medical imaging::MKSH Medical imaging: radiology
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Volume I, entitled “Augmentation of Brain Functions: Brain-Machine Interfaces”, is a collection of articles on neuroprosthetic technologies that utilize brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). BMIs strive to augment the brain by linking neural activity, recorded invasively or noninvasively, to external devices, such as arm prostheses, exoskeletons that enable bipedal walking, means of communication and technologies that augment attention. In addition to many practical applications, BMIs provide useful research tools for basic science. Several articles cover challenges and controversies in this rapidly developing field, such as ways to improve information transfer rate. BMIs can be applied to the awake state of the brain and to the sleep state, as well. BMIs can augment action planning and decision making. Importantly, BMI operations evoke brain plasticity, which can have long-lasting effects. Advanced neural decoding algorithms that utilize optimal feedback controllers are key to the BMI performance. BMI approach can be combined with the other augmentation methods; such systems are called hybrid BMIs. Overall, it appears that BMI will lead to many powerful and practical brain-augmenting technologies in the future.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; microcircuits ; Brain machine interface (BMI) ; nootropics ; tDCStranscranial direct current stimulation ; neural networks ; neuroprosthesis ; TMS ; implants ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) systems for the conversion of solar energy into electricity are technologically robust, scalable, and geographically dispersed, and they possess enormous potential as sustainable energy sources. Systematic planning and design considering various factors and constraints are necessary for the successful deployment of PV and CSP systems. This book on solar power system planning and design includes 14 publications from esteemed research groups worldwide. The research and review papers in this Special Issue fall within the following broad categories: resource assessments, site evaluations, system design, performance assessments, and feasibility studies.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 35
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Open data and policy implications coming from data-aware planning entail collection and pre- and postprocessing as operations of primary interest. Before these steps, making data available to people and their decision-makers is a crucial point. Referring to the relationship between data and energy, public administrations, governments, and research bodies are promoting the construction of reliable and robust datasets to pursue policies coherent with the Sustainable Development Goals, as well as to allow citizens to make informed choices. Energy engineers and planners must provide the simplest and most robust tools to collect, process, and analyze data in order to offer solid data-based evidence for future projections in building, district, and regional systems planning. This Special Issue aims at providing the state-of-the-art on open-energy data analytics; its availability in the different contexts, i.e., country peculiarities; and its availability at different scales, i.e., building, district, and regional for data-aware planning and policy-making. For all the aforementioned reasons, we encourage researchers to share their original works on the field of open data and energy analytics. Topics of primary interest include but are not limited to the following: 1. Open data and energy sustainability; 2. Open data science and energy planning; 3. Open science and open governance for sustainable development goals; 4. Key performance indicators of data-aware energy modelling, planning, and policy; 5. Energy, water, and sustainability database for building, district, and regional systems; 6. Best practices and case studies.
    Keywords: data envelopment analysis ; Kohonen self-organizing maps ; factor analysis ; multiple regression ; energy efficiency ; social media ; energy-consuming activities ; energy consumption ; machine learning ; ontology ; energy performance certificate ; heating energy demand ; buildings ; data mining ; classification ; regression ; decision tree ; support vector machine ; random forest ; artificial neural network ; open data ; electrification modelling ; Malawi ; OnSSET ; MESSAGEix ; reproducibility ; collaborative work ; open modelling and data ; data-handling ; integrated assessment modelling ; data pre- and post-processing ; space heating ; domestic hot water ; market assessment ; EU28 ; district heating ; data analytics ; big data ; forecasting ; energy ; polygeneration ; clustering ; kNN ; pattern recognition ; heating ; building stock ; heat map ; spatial analysis ; heat density map ; building performance simulation ; parametric modelling ; energy management ; model calibration ; Passive House ; energy planning ; energy potential mapping ; urban energy atlas ; urban energy transition ; energy data ; data-aware planning ; spatial planning ; open data analytics ; smart cities ; open energy governance ; urban database ; energy mapping ; building dataset ; energy modelling ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Big data is revolutionizing our ability to measure and study the human brain. New technology increases the resolution of images that are being study as well as enables researchers to study the brain as it functions. These technological advances are combined with efforts to collect neuroimaging data on large numbers of subjects, in some cases longitudinally. This combination of advances in measurement and scope of studies requires novel development in the statistical analysis. Fast, scalable, robust and accurate models and approaches need to be developed to make headway on these problems. This volume represents a unique collection of researchers providing deep insights on the statistical analysis of big neuroimaging data.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; fMRI ; Neuroscience ; functional connectivity ; EEG ; Classification ; prediction ; big data ; MEG ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The diversity of wood and non-wood forest products is enormous and reflected in their anatomical, physical and chemical properties as well as their potential applications. Special attention should be given to lesser-known species and even to invasive species, which may be profitable when properly managed, thereby decreasing the overexploitation of threatened species. Besides the market importance of stem wood, other tree components and non-wood forest products, often regarded simply as forest residual materials, are valuable forest resources with various potential applications that can strengthen the circular economy. Assessing the characteristics of these diverse materials, such as their structure and anatomy as well as their physical and chemical properties, is fundamental for evaluating their potential and increasing high-quality end-uses. This knowledge will also contribute to sustainable forest management with enhanced forest diversity and species conservation in addition to the reinforcement of certification and environmental policies.
    Keywords: Calamus zollingeri ; Calamus ornatus ; dynamic vapor sorption ; basic density ; volumetric swelling ; white rot ; mold ; Quercus suber L. ; seasonal variation ; cuticular waxes ; leaves ; new species ; morphology ; wood ; properties ; chemical composition ; spectroscopy ; chemometrics ; unconventional species ; Quercus suber ; cork borer ; cork ; phenolics ; tropical species ; wood anatomy ; wood density ; wood color ; multivariate analysis ; species diversity ; dark-brown zone ; lenticular filling tissue ; quantitative anatomical characteristics ; Quercus variabilis ; reproduction cork ; scanning electron microscopy ; sclereid ; virgin cork ; Cytisus scoparius ; liquefied ; optimization ; eco-valorization ; agro-industrial residues ; Asparagaceae ; lignocellulose ; crystalline cellulose ; syringyl/guaiacyl ; anatomy ; Tilia amurensis Rupr. ; Tilia mandshurica Rupr. & Maxim. ; branch ; wood properties ; papermaking material ; tropical timber ; color parameters ; mid-infrared spectroscopy ; FTIR ratios ; environmental factors ; West African Sahel ; Cupressus funebris Endl. wood ; wood knots ; physical properties ; wood color properties ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAL Forestry industry
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  • 38
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: New scientific advances in different areas have allowed the design of more precise strategies for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders through nutrition. In this context emerges the term Precision Nutrition, a new approach that takes advantage of scientific knowledge about the interaction of internal and external environmental factors to develop dynamic and precise nutritional recommendations. Therefore, Precision Nutrition includes personalized advice based on genetics and well-documented gene–nutrient–phenotype interactions, as well as other factors such as individual metabolome, transcriptome, and microbiota profile; food behavior; and dietary, physical activity, and life-style habits; and the resulting interactomes. Precision Nutrition should be based at least on three sequential steps: conventional nutritional approaches (considering age, gender, and physiological states); the incorporation of nutritional and health status information (e.g., metabolites, physical and nutritional behavior); and the genetic baggage including multiomics functional integration.
    Keywords: dietary parameters ; carbohydrate intake ; obesity ; single nucleotide polymorphism ; CLOCK gene ; rs3749474 ; sodium intake ; hypertension ; single-nucleotide polymorphism ; personalized nutrition ; dietary vitamin A ; body fat ; UCP ; retinoic acid ; PBMC ; genetic variant ; weight loss ; nutrigenomics ; dietary intervention ; FTO gene ; dietary protein ; dietary carbohydrates ; dietary fat ; macronutrients ; gene-diet interaction ; glucose homeostasis ; glaucoma ; polygenetic-risk scores ; gene-gene interaction ; gene-nutrient interaction ; precision medicine ; childhood ; insulin resistance ; adipokine ; metabolomics ; biomarkers ; ELOVL ; metabolic alterations ; Mexican population ; Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ; pediatrics ; cardiometabolic risk factors ; precision nutrition ; eating behavior ; nutrigenetics ; microbiota ; metabolic syndrome ; Mediterranean diet ; genetic risk score ; HELENA ; adolescents ; sex ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the last decade, sleep spindles have attracted steadily increasing attention. This interest is motivated by the many intriguing relationships between spindles and various diseases (e.g., schizophrenia, Parkinson, Alzheimer, autism, mental retardation), recovery processes (e.g., post brain stroke), and cognitive faculties (e.g., memory consolidation, intelligence, dream recall, sleep preservation). Nonetheless, a methodological wall has impeded the study of sleep spindles. Their investigation rests heavily on our ability to reliably and consistently identify spindle patterns from background EEG activity, a task involving many obstacles, including: a fuzzy definition of spindles, low inter-expert agreement on their scoring, lack of consensus on standard techniques for their automated detection, low reproducibility of observed characteristics and correlates, unavailability of large, standardized, high-quality databases, and inconsistencies in the methods used to evaluate the performance of automated detectors. The primary aims of this research topic were to bring together world-class researchers on a project designed to facilitate exchanges on methodological difficulties encountered in assessing sleep spindles and to promote standardized spindle-related resources. In preparing their contributions, authors were encouraged to use existing – or to propose new – publicly available resources for assessing sleep spindles. To allow fair and accurate comparison of reported results, the authors were also encouraged to validate their tools on a common benchmark. A database containing expert spindle scoring (i.e., the Montreal Archive of Sleep Studies) was made publicly available for that purpose.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neural oscillations ; Electroencephalography (EEG) ; Sleep ; Sleep Spindles ; Memory ; IQ ; sigma waves ; automatic detection ; biomarker ; Open access ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 40
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In light of the considerable impact of global food supply chains on climate change, more sustainable ways of producing, distributing, and consuming food appear critical for sustainable development. With the aim of contributing to this topic, this Special Issue on sustainable food consumption and food marketing addresses various relevant issues related to food consumption, including innovative and sustainable forms of food production and consumption, animal welfare and meat consumption, price transmission, social media communication, alternative food production, and organic agriculture, among others. As such, this Special Issue sheds light on more sustainable and carbon-friendly food production and consumption systems from various angles. It delivers valuable scientific evidence for the transformation of current carbon-based food supply chains to more eco-friendly, fair, and future-oriented food supply chains.
    Keywords: aquaponics ; Structural Equation Modeling ; consumer behavior ; purchase intention ; willingness to pay ; sustainability ; food market ; veganic ; vegan-organic ; vegan ; stockless ; attitudes ; environmental marketing ; green product ; green consumer ; green purchase decision ; consumer behaviour ; theory of planned behaviour ; sustainable consumption ; Bangladesh ; out-of-home catering ; sustainable nutrition ; variety seeking ; spontaneous choice ; company canteens ; trust ; social media ; small and medium enterprises ; Bresse Gauloise ; choice experiment ; dual-purpose breeds ; faba beans ; Kollbecksmoor ; theory of planned behavior ; Vorwerkhuhn ; White Rock ; green products ; palm oil free ; structural equation modeling ; SEM ; sustainable food consumption ; food waste ; theoretical framework ; food tourism ; community-based tourism ; sustainable development ; community engagement ; rural development ; food heritage ; carbon-friendly food ; emotions ; animal welfare ; cured ham ; discrete choice experiment ; latent construct model ; market instability ; nonlinear empirical dynamics ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 41
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Cognitive building is a pioneering topic envisioning the future of our built environment. The concept of "cognitive" provides a paradigm shift that steps from the static concept of the building as a container of human activities towards the modernist vision of "machine à habiter" of Le Corbusier, where the technological content adds the capability of learning from users' behavior and environmental variables to adapt itself to achieve major goals such as user comfort, energy-saving, flexible functionality, high durability, and good maintainability. The concept is based on digital frameworks and IoT networks towards the concept of a smart city.
    Keywords: explainable post occupancy ; humanoid robot ; lighting simulation software ; BIM ; openBIM ; IFC ; IoT ; sensors ; cognitive buildings ; asset management ; digital twin ; BEM ; simulation modelling ; dynamic simulation ; Building Information Modelling (BIM) ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; facility management ; cyber-physical systems ; Building Management System ; Digital Twin ; Post-Occupancy Evaluations ; cognitive ; digital twins ; building lifecycle management ; artificial intelligence ; decision support ; self-learning ; optimization ; building performance simulation ; lighting simulation ; lighting quality ; visual comfort ; office field study ; evidence-based design ; building information modeling ; HVAC ; fan coil ; Internet of Things ; predictive maintenance ; fault detection ; smart building ; sustainable building ; construction projects ; BIM implementation ; stakeholders ; barriers ; construction product ; servitization ; level of evidence ; level curves ; ground slopes ; embankments ; road and rail design ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This reprint focuses on exploring the relationship between urban form, mobility, and social well-being across neighborhoods, cities, and regions. Understanding more about these relationships is helpful in shaping integrated sustainable urban planning and transport development strategies. All reprint chapters primarily contribute to the existing literature on the interdisciplinary field of the impact of urban planning and transport on social well-being and facilitate novel ways of measuring the abstract concept of well-being, particularly in Asian and European countries. We suggested that further research could explore these themes in greater depth by means of both theoretical frameworks and methodological developments in this integrated field.
    Keywords: social well-being ; social equity ; quality of life ; behavioural change and decision making ; urban mobility ; travel behaviour ; sustainable transport development ; urban and transport modelling ; urban form ; urban planning ; sustainable cities ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 43
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Phytochemicals from natural products are now widely used as food additives (antioxidants, pigments), food supplements, cosmetic ingredients, etc. Currently, the majority of the extraction processes implemented on an industrial scale for the production of bioactive-enriched extracts are based on solvents of petroleum origin. However, contemporary trends in green extraction techniques dictate a minimization of solvent use, low-energy processes and novel eco-friendly materials that are environmentally benign. The search for liquids and/or extraction technologies that could meet such requirements is, therefore, an intriguing concept. This book addresses the concept of recovering natural bioactive substances from plant resources, using state-of-the-art extraction technologies, with prospects in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
    Keywords: cosmeceutical product ; long-lived trees ; simplex-centroid mixture design ; deep eutectic solvents ; bioactivity ; flavonoids ; extraction ; deep eutectic solvents (DES) ; natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) ; Moringa oleifera ; polyphenols ; ultrasonication pretreatment ; antioxidants ; hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin ; potato peels ; grape seed ; grape skin ; green extraction ; antioxidant activity ; chlorogenic acid ; caffeine ; β-cyclodextrin ; coffee pulp ; sensory analysis ; cold brew ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 44
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint is devoted to studying RE-doped bulk and nanocrystalline materials from a scientific point of view and to presenting their possible applications in any field. This reprint is intended to serve as a unique multidisciplinary forum covering all aspects of science, technology and applications of rare-earth-doped crystals, starting from the growth techniques with specific attention to the optical and spectroscopic properties of these materials and their applications.
    Keywords: luminescence thermometry ; phosphors ; Er3+ ; Judd–Ofelt ; Slater integrals ; anisotropy ; particle synthesis ; luminescence ; europium-doping ; Lu(OH)2Cl ; Lu2O3 ; europium luminescence ; charge compensation ; niobium ; microwave synthesis ; hafnia ; dispersion ; photoluminescence ; co-precipitation ; anti-counterfeiting ; CaWO4 ; nanoparticles ; in situ TEM ; ion irradiation ; thermal annealing ; ceria ; rare-earth orthochromites ; magnetization reversal ; magnetocaloric effect ; phosphor ; Eu3+ ; niobates ; Judd-Ofelt ; quantum efficiency ; refractive index ; microwave heating ; cerium oxide ; temperature field ; morphology ; SrWO4 ; fingerprint ; K0.3Bi0.7F2.4 ; nanophosphors ; lanthanide ; infrared spectroscopy ; Nd-luminescence ; yttria-stabilized zirconia ; Tb4O7-doped ; annealed in H2/Ar atmosphere ; optical properties ; optical floating-zone method ; saturation spectroscopy ; LYB ; ytterbium ; erbium ; spectral hole ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: binding ; perception ; multi-scale timing ; temporal coupling ; mutual information ; time-dimension in the brain ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 46
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The intention of this Special Issue is to focus on new aspects of drug discovery, including the search for new molecular targets of various diseases, the creation of new modern methods for diagnosing diseases, the development of new test systems and kits for assessing the selectivity and effectiveness of new drugs, the study of the molecular mechanisms of biologically active compounds, the formulation of new drugs, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, and preclinical trials of important molecules.
    Keywords: Streptococci ; antimicrobials ; QSAR ; MD simulation ; Kunitz-type peptides ; neuroprotective activity ; sea anemones ; TRPV1 ; P2X7R ; Parkinson’s disease (PD) ; diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) ; deep neural network ; drug discovery ; drug combination ; biomarker ; cancer severity ; cancer prognosis ; MAFB ; tumor-associated macrophages ; prostate cancer ; photodynamic therapy ; magnetic resonance imaging ; ex vivo ; anti-inflammatory substance ; N-acylhydrazone ; naphthyl-N-acylhydrazone ; LASSBio-1524 analogues ; phosphacoumarin ; azomethine ylide ; cycloaddition ; anti-cancer ; cytotoxicity ; quantum chemistry ; pravastatin ; metformin ; radiation-induced intestinal injury ; minipigs ; epithelial regeneration ; inflammation ; arylazo sulfones ; DNA binding ; DNA cleavage ; DNA photocleavage ; A375 melanoma cells ; molecular docking ; radicals ; N–S bond homolysis ; platinum(II) ; five-coordinate complexes ; glycoconjugation ; cytotoxic activity ; protein X-ray structure ; lipophilicity ; natural products ; acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ; butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors ; Alzheimer’s disease ; central nervous system ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: older adults ; interventional strategies ; quality of life ; health span ; neuroscience of aging ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 48
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In this book are reported nine works related to land subsidence monitoring using remote sensing techniques. Land subsidence is a common phenomenon in many regions of the world, where it causes degradation of local ecosystems and disruption of economic activities. Its effects are more evident in densely populated areas in particular in low-lying territories such as river deltas and coastal areas where the combination of land subsidence and sea level rise increases the flooding risk. For this reason, the monitoring of ground deformations is a crucial step to obtain important information for the development of risk mitigation strategies. In the presented papers, the characteristics of land subsidence occurring in different study areas are described, and recent developments in the used methodologies for the monitoring of the ground displacements are discussed and validated also by means of ground-based data. Moreover, advantages and disadvantages of the adopted techniques are highlighted. The outcomes of these research works can provide national and local authorities with useful information for the implementation of integrated monitoring systems in the areas most affected by land subsidence.
    Keywords: land subsidence ; IPTA ; land-use ; water resource utilization ; groundwater change ; deformation ; geology ; Gävle ; InSAR ; PSI ; precise levelling ; sentinel-1 ; subsidence ; Sweden ; ALOS/PALSAR ; time series analysis ; SBAS ; hot spring water ; hydrothermal fluids ; Hakone Volcano ; satellite geodesy ; radar interferometry ; persistent scatterers ; distributed scatterers ; orbit combination ; Sentinel-1 ; cavern field ; salt deposit ; geophysical modeling ; underground gas storage ; GNSS ; ground movement ; subsidence monitoring ; integrated numerical simulation ; Dubrovnik ; satellite altimetry ; tide gauges ; vertical land motion ; DInSAR ; mining-induced tremors ; land surface deformation ; Upper Silesian Coal Basin ; Interferometry ; SNAP-StaMPS ; Ground deformation ; Po River Delta ; integrated monitoring ; time-series analysis ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The brain of each animal shows specific traits that reflect its phylogenetic history and its particular lifestyle. Therefore, comparing brains is not just a mere intellectual exercise, but it helps understanding how the brain allows adaptive behavioural strategies to face an ever-changing world and how this complex organ has evolved during phylogeny, giving rise to complex mental processes in humans and other animals. These questions attracted scientists since the times of Santiago Ramon y Cajal one of the founders of comparative neurobiology. In the last decade, this discipline has undergone a true revolution due to the analysis of expression patterns of morphogenetic genes in embryos of different animals. The papers of this e-book are good examples of modern comparative neurobiology, which mainly focuses on the following four Grand Questions: a) How are different brains built during ontogeny? b) What is the anatomical organization of mature brains and how can they be compared? c) How do brains work to accomplish their function of ensuring survival and, ultimately, reproductive success? d) How have brains evolved during phylogeny? The title of this e-book, Adaptive Function and Brain Evolution, stresses the importance of comparative studies to understand brain function and, the reverse, of considering brain function to properly understand brain evolution. These issues should be taken into account when using animals in the research of mental function and dysfunction, and are fundamental to understand the origins of the human mind.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; comparative neurobiology ; brain evolution ; phylogeny ; ontogeny ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has resulted in a remarkable increase our understanding of human and animal neurological disorders through the identification of disease causing or protective sequence variants. However, in many cases, robust disease models are required to understand how changes at the DNA, RNA or protein level affect neuronal and synaptic function, or key signalling pathways. In turn, these models may enable understanding of key disease processes and the identification of new targets for the medicines of the future. This e-book contains original research papers and reviews that highlight either the impact of next-generation sequencing in the understanding of neurological disorders, or utilise molecular, cellular, and whole-organism models to validate disease-causing or protective sequence variants.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Stem Cells ; glycine receptor ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Parkinson's disease ; PET imaging ; LRRK2 ; Zebrafish ; Inflammation ; GABA-A receptor ; NMDA receptors ; Intellectual Disability ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This special issue reviews state-of-the-art approaches to the biophysical roots of cognition. These approaches appeal to the notion that cognitive capacities serve to optimize responses to changing external conditions. Crucially, this optimisation rests on the ability to predict changes in the environment, thus allowing organisms to respond pre-emptively to changes before their onset. The biophysical mechanisms that underwrite these cognitive capacities remain largely unknown; although a number of hypotheses has been advanced in systems neuroscience, biophysics and other disciplines. These hypotheses converge on the intersection of thermodynamic and information-theoretic formulations of self-organization in the brain. The latter perspective emerged when Shannon’s theory of message transmission in communication systems was used to characterise message passing between neurons. In its subsequent incarnations, the information theory approach has been integrated into computational neuroscience and the Bayesian brain framework. The thermodynamic formulation rests on a view of the brain as an aggregation of stochastic microprocessors (neurons), with subsequent appeal to the constructs of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. In particular, the use of ensemble dynamics to elucidate the relationship between micro-scale parameters and those of the macro-scale aggregation (the brain). In general, the thermodynamic approach treats the brain as a dissipative system and seeks to represent the development and functioning of cognitive mechanisms as collective capacities that emerge in the course of self-organization. Its explicanda include energy efficiency; enabling progressively more complex cognitive operations such as long-term prediction and anticipatory planning. A cardinal example of the Bayesian brain approach is the free energy principle that explains self-organizing dynamics in the brain in terms of its predictive capabilities – and selective sampling of sensory inputs that optimise variational free energy as a proxy for Bayesian model evidence. An example of thermodynamically grounded proposals, in this issue, associates self-organization with phase transitions in neuronal state-spaces; resulting in the formation of bounded neuronal assemblies (neuronal packets). This special issue seeks a discourse between thermodynamic and informational formulations of the self-organising and self-evidencing brain. For example, could minimization of thermodynamic free energy during the formation of neuronal packets underlie minimization of variational free energy?
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; consciousness ; understanding ; Markov blanket ; Hebbian assembly ; neuronal packet ; Bayesian brain ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 52
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Modern materials and structures are significantly different from conventional ones. Their sizes can be orders of magnitude smaller, and their compositions are so sophisticated that traditional characteristic methods are inapplicable. Non-conventional methods are essential to tackle these issues, which must often be approached in an interdisciplinary fashion. This Special Issue is a collection of articles that shed light on these problems.
    Keywords: analytical solution ; Fourier cosine series ; vibrations ; FGM rectangular plates ; Mindlin plate theory ; phased array transducer ; transducer optimization ; beam focusing ; pulse–echo mode ; harmonic generation ; stress-free boundary ; total correction ; acoustic emission ; electrical resistance ; damage monitoring ; criticality ; natural time analysis ; nonlinear parameter ; noncontact reception ; air-coupled receiver ; aluminum samples ; corrections ; field theory ; deformation and fracture ; 7075 aluminum alloy ; electronic speckle pattern interferometry ; concrete beam ; bending ; cementitious matrix ; FRCM ; analytical model ; numerical model ; linear low-density polyethylene ; digital image correlation ; optical non-destructive testing ; speckle ; fourier scaling theorem ; gaussian filtering ; optical methods ; AlSi10Mg ; SLM ; NDE ; deep learning ; CNN ; k-fold cross validation ; non-destructive testing ; optical interferometry ; residual stress ; thermal expansion ; elasticity ; high entropy alloys ; complex concentrated alloys ; refractory metal intermetallic composites ; high entropy phases ; complex concentrated phases ; Nb silicide-based alloys ; alloy design ; biomechanics ; Achilles tendon ; beam-to-beam contact ; arbitrary cross-section ; ANCF ; lithium-ion batteries ; redox-active organic anode ; organic anode materials ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 53
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Bipolar Disorder: Portrait of a Complex Mood Disorder is a step towards integrating many diverse perspectives on BD. As we shall see, such diversity makes it difficult to clearly define the boundaries of BD. It is helpful to view BD from this perspective, as a final common pathway arises from multiple frames of reference. The integration of epigenetics, molecular pharmacology, and neurophysiology is essential. One solution involves using this diverse data to search for endophenotypes to aid researchers, even though most clinicians prefer broader groupings of symptoms and clinical variables. Our challenge is to consolidate this new information with existing clinical practice in a usable fashion. This need for convergent thinkers who can integrate the findings in this book remains a critical need. This book is a small step in that direction and hopefully guides researchers and clinicians towards a new synthesis of basic neurosciences and clinical psychiatry
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Electrocochleography (ECochG) is an approach for objective measurements of physiologic responses from the inner ear. Measurements have classically been made from electrodes placed in the outer ear canal, on the tympanic membrane, the round window niche, or inside the cochlea. Recent innovations have led to ECochG being used for exciting new purposes that drive clinical practice and contribute to the basic understanding of inner ear physiology. Cochlear implant recording electrodes can monitor the preservation of residual, low-frequency acoustic hearing, both in the operating room and post-operatively. ECochG measurements can quantify differential effects of inner ear surgery or other manipulations on vestibular and auditory physiology simultaneously. Various attributes of cognitive neuroscience can be addressed with ECochG measurements from the auditory periphery. These advances in ECochG provide a way to understand a variety of inner ear diseases and are likely to be of value to many groups in their own clinical and basic research.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; cochlear microphonic ; cochlear action potential ; sensorineural hearing loss ; compound action potential ; auditory nerve ; medial olivocochlear efferent reflex ; electrocochleography ; summating potential ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 55
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Farmland abandonment is one of the major land use changes occurring in many rural territories, especially in mountainous regions. Without intervention (passive land management), farmland abandonment leads to an expansion of shrubs and forest on formerly cultivated hillslopes and grazing areas. All these land use changes affect the hydrological and geomorphological dynamics of slopes and channels, having important implications for water resources and soil conservation. However, the heterogeneity of abandoned scenarios complicates the assessment of farmland abandonment on water resources and soil conservation. In this Special Issue, we will publish papers that examine the hydrological and geomorphological consequences of farmland abandonment in one (or several) of these abandoned scenarios. Our final purpose is to help water and land managers to select the most sustainable strategy (in terms of water resources and soil conservation) for the land management of marginal rural areas.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 56
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In this book we have experts writing on various neuroscience topics ranging from mental illness, syndromes, compulsive disorders, brain cancer and advances in therapies and imaging techniques. Although diverse, the topics provide an overview of an array of diseases and their underlying causes, as well as advances in the treatment of these ailments. This book includes three chapters dedicated to neurodegenerative diseases, undoubtedly a group of diseases of huge socio-economic importance due to the number of people currently suffering from this type of disease but also the prediction of a huge increase in the number of people becoming afflicted. The book also includes a chapter on the molecular and cellular aspects of brain cancer, a disease which is still amongst the least treatable of cancers.
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 57
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Urological Cancer 2020 collection contains a set of multidisciplinary contributions to the extraordinary heterogeneity of tumor mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and therapies of the renal, urinary tract, and prostate cancers, with the intention of offering to interested readers a representative snapshot of the status of urological research.
    Keywords: renal cell carcinoma ; iron ; macrophages ; chelation therapy ; urothelial carcinoma ; transcriptome ; microtubule ; MAP1B ; prognosis ; KLF5 ; androgen receptor ; cell proliferation ; tumorigenesis ; prostate cancer ; precision medicine ; whole genome sequencing ; optical mapping ; therapy ; prostate carcinoma ; prostate mpMRI ; machine learning ; artificial intelligence ; deep learning ; neural network ; angiogenesis ; angiogenic growth factors ; antiangiogenic therapy ; renal tumors ; prevention ; α1-adrenoceptor antagonists ; anoikis ; vascularity ; research model ; oncogenes ; tumor suppressor genes ; MR-guided ; radiotherapy ; MRgRT ; stereotactic ablative radiotherapy ; stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) ; renal cell cancer ; RCC ; online adaptive ; [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT ; dual-time point imaging ; delayed imaging ; biphasic imaging ; lesion positivity rate ; CXCL9 ; PD1 ; PD-L1 ; stage T1 NMIBC ; prostatic neoplasms/mortality ; prostatic neoplasms/epidemiology ; SEER Program ; bladder cancer ; transurethral resection ; en-bloc resection ; CPT1A ; fatty acids ; serine ; androgen response ; ROS ; oxidative stress ; DONSON ; Downstream Neighbor of SON ; biomarker ; metastatic spread ; diagnosis ; differential diagnosis ; histopathology ; immunohistochemistry ; stroma signature ; patient-derived xenografts ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the last twenty years, many attempts have been made to provide neurobiological models of autism. Functional, structural and connectivity analyses have highlighted reduced responses in key social areas, such as amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and superior temporal sulcus. However, these studies present discrepant results and some of them have been questioned for methodological limitations. The aim of this research topic is to present advanced neuroimaging methods able to capture the complexity of the neural deficits displayed in autism. This special issue presents new studies using structural and functional MRI, as well as magnetoencephalography, and novel protocols to analyze data (Analysis of Cluster Variability, Noise Reduction Strategies, Source-based Morphometry, Functional Connectivity Density, Restriction Spectrum Imaging and the others). We believe it is time to integrate data provided by different techniques and methodologies in order to have a better understanding of autism.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; magnetic resonance imaging ; biomarkers ; social deficits ; autism spectrum disorder ; magnetoencephalography ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Marine habitats are promising sources to identify novel organisms and compounds. A total of 70% of the planet’s surface is covered by ocean, and little is known about the biosphere within these habitats. In the last few years, numerous novel bioactive compounds or secondary metabolites from marine environments have been described. This is, and will be, a promising source of candidate compounds in pharma research and chemical biology. In recent years, a number of novel techniques have been introduced to the field and it has become easier to actually (bio-)prospect compounds such as enzyme inhibitors. Those novel compounds then need to be characterized and evaluated in comparison to well-known representatives. This Special Issue focuses on the description of novel enzyme inhibitors of marine origin, including bioprospecting, omic approaches, and structural and mechanistic aspects.
    Keywords: sponge Monanchora pulchra ; pentacyclic guanidine alkaloids ; GH36 α-galactosidase ; GH109 α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase ; slow-binding irreversible inhibitor ; monanchomycalin B ; monanhocidin A ; normonanhocidin A ; Alzheimer′s disease ; BACE1 ; acetylcholinesterase ; in silico docking ; phlorotannins ; Ulva intestinalis ; ACE inhibitory peptide ; optimization ; purification ; structural identification ; molecular docking ; secondary metabolites ; Mycosphaerella sp. ; asperchalasine ; α-glucosidase ; kinase inhibitors ; drug development ; marine natural products ; inhibitor ; macroalgae ; marine fish ; protease ; Ulva ohnoi ; functional annotation ; structure–function relation ; natural products ; bioactives ; enzyme inhibition ; inactivation ; marine bacteria ; marine fungi ; marine sponges ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In this book, the performance of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts applied in biomass processing was assessed, paying special attention to the main advantages and challenges related to their use. Indeed, these challenges are opportunities to develop new research lines that could be fruitful in the near future. Thus, different studies are included, dealing with diverse subjects, with one main goal in common: the improvement of different aspects related to biomass processing through the use of catalysts.
    Keywords: nanospheroids ; zinc-doped CaO ; natural triglycerides ; aminolysis ; heterogeneous catalyst ; recyclability ; catalyst ; sodium hydroxide ; fatty acid methyl ester ; central composite rotatable design ; operational conditions ; aerated irrigation ; soil enzyme activity ; soil microbial biomass ; soil respiration ; bio-derived phenol ; Ni-Cu-Co/Al2O3 ; in-situ hydrodeoxygenation ; cyclohexane ; hydrogenolysis ; biomass ; 5-hydroxymethylfurfural ; 2,5-furandicrboxylic acid ; aerobic oxidation ; metal catalysts ; acid catalysis ; biodiesel ; biofuel ; esterification ; fatty acid ; methanolysis ; molybdenum oxide ; transesterification ; vegetable oil ; fatty acid methyl esters ; 2-ethyl-1-hexanol ; 1-heptanol ; 4-methyl-2-pentanol ; viscosity ; flash and combustion points ; methyl oleate ; methyl ricinoleate ; cellulase ; cellulose ; paper sludge ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; synergism ; furfural ; carbon-supported catalyst ; xylose conversion ; iron ; heterogeneous catalysts ; thermoset polymer ; epoxy ; cellulose nanofiber ; curing characteristics ; thermal properties ; mechanical properties ; RSM ; numerical optimization ; keratinase ; feather ; Bacillus sp. ; amino acids ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Due to their lightweight and high specific strength, Mg-based alloys are considered as substitutes to their heavier counterparts in applications in which corrosion is non-relevant and weight saving is of importance. Furthermore, due to the biocompatibility of Mg, some alloys with controlled corrosion rates are used as degradable implant materials in the medical sector. The typical processing route of Mg parts incorporates a casting step and, subsequently, a thermo–mechanical treatment. In order to achieve the desired macroscopic properties and thus fulfill the service requirements, thorough knowledge of the relationship between the microstructure, the processing steps, and the resulting property profile is necessary. This Special Issue covers in situ and ex situ experimental and computational investigations of the behavior under thermo–mechanical load of Mg-based alloys utilizing modern characterization and simulation techniques. The papers cover investigations on the effect of rare earth additions on the mechanical properties of different Mg alloys, including the effect of long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structures, and the experimental and computational investigation of the effect of different processing routes
    Keywords: Arabidopsis ; abiotic stress response ; photosynthesis ; phosphoglycolate phosphatase ; photorespiration ; 2-phosphoglycolate ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; glycolate oxidase ; protein phosphorylation ; Zea mays ; Portulaca grandiflora ; C4 photosynthesis ; Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), evolution ; development ; PEP carboxylase ; Portulacaceae ; glycine decarboxylase ; metabolite signaling/acclimation ; TCA cycle ; Calvin–Benson cycle ; photoperiodic changes ; redox-regulation ; environmental adaptation ; Glycolate oxidase ; evolution ; Archaeplastida ; Cyanobacteria ; MCF ; oxidative phosphorylation ; mitochondrial carriers ; transporters ; energy balancing ; cyclic electron flux ; malate valve ; C3 cycle ; acclimation ; chlorophyll a fluorescence ; fluctuating light ; natural variation ; pyruvate kinase ; glycolysis ; respiratory metabolism ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The autonomic nervous system is one of the most important involuntary control mechanisms that primarily controls and modulates the functions of the visceral organs. The book discusses some of the specificities of the autonomic nervous system in terms of dendritic development in the sympathetic compartment, as well as a detailed description of noradrenergic groups and their key role in the modulation of all antinociceptive and autonomic responses elicited by painful or threatening situations. In the book, only those cases are mentioned that are closely related to disorders or changes of function of the autonomic nervous system. This book can evoke interest in many researchers who want to use the information for the advancement of their research towards a better understanding of the autonomic regulatory mechanisms.
    Keywords: inflammation, sepsis, heart rate variability, analgesia, ischemia, arrhythmias ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The book begins with an investigation of improved diesel generator flexibility and coordination via low-load diesel applications. Case studies for Australia and Hawaii are presented to conclude that low-load diesel is a natural precursor to storage due to its accessibility and also benefits low and high-penetration isolated power systems. The book continues with Structural Equation Modelling of building occupants attitude, knowledge and behaviour to propose the inclusion of motivational factors in a Building Occupant Environmental Behaviour model for sustainable building energy performance. The following section presents an analysis of different levels of renewable energy integration and energy storage to suggest the most suitable in terms of the reduction of CO2 emissions and expected earnings from a lower LCOE. Further on, a proof-of-concept heat pipe technology for passive cooling to improve the performance of photovoltaic panels in the hot climate of Oman is presented using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The application of an uncontrolled diode rectifier-high voltage direct current transmission system for the Jeju Island power system with an off-shore new wind farm is simulated to demonstrate cost reduction and increased reliability and stability. The book concludes with view factor computations of bifacial solar photovoltaic based on the finite element method using two programming languages to demonstrate that Python offers a better platform than Microsoft Excel-Visual Basic for Applications where computation time is a significant modelling challenge.
    Keywords: building energy exchange ; view factor ; Python programming language ; bifacial solar photovoltaic (PV) ; diode rectifier ; HVDC ; Jeju Island power system ; offshore wind farm ; CFD ; heat pipe ; temperature ; photovoltaic ; spanwise ; wind energy ; storage ; islanded systems ; energy consumption ; Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), occupant environmental attitude ; Knowledge and Behaviour ; battery storage ; hybrid power system ; low-load diesel ; microgrid ; remote area ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This is a reprint in book form of the Energies MDPI Journal Special Issue , entitled “Energy Storage Systems and Power Conversion Electronics for E-Transportation and Smart Grid”. The Special Issue was managed by two Guest Editors from Italy and Norway: Professor Sergio Saponara from the University of Pisa and Professor Lucian MIHET-POPA from Østfold University College, in close cooperation with the Editors from Energies. The papers published in this SI are related to the emerging trends in energy storage and power conversion electronic circuits and systems, with a specific focus on transportation electrification, and on the evolution from the electric grid to a smart grid. An extensive exploitation of renewable energy sources is foreseen for the smart grid, as well as a close integration with the energy storage and recharging systems of the electrified transportation era. Innovations at the levels of both algorithmic and hardware (i.e., power converters, electric drives, electronic control units (ECU), energy storage modules and charging stations) are proposed. Research and technology transfer activities in energy storage systems, such as batteries and super/ultra-capacitors, are essential for the success of electric transportation, and to foster the use of renewable energy sources. Energy storage systems are the key technology to solve these issues, and to increase the adoption of renewable energy sources in the smart grid.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Cognitive processing is commonly conceptualized as being restricted to the cerebral cortex. Accordingly, electrophysiology, neuroimaging and lesion studies involving human and animal subjects have almost exclusively focused on defining roles for cerebral cortical areas in cognition. Roles for the thalamus in cognition have been largely ignored despite the fact that the extensive connectivity between the thalamus and cerebral cortex gives rise to a closely coupled thalamo-cortical system. However, in recent years, growing interest in the thalamus as much more than a passive sensory structure, as well as methodological advances such as high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging of the thalamus and improved electrode targeting to subregions of thalamic nuclei using electrical stimulation and diffusion tensor imaging, have fostered research into thalamic contributions to cognition. Evidence suggests that behavioral context modulates processing in primary sensory, or first-order, thalamic nuclei (for example, the lateral geniculate and ventral posterior nuclei), allowing attentional filtering of incoming sensory information at an early stage of brain processing. Behavioral context appears to more strongly influence higher-order thalamic nuclei (for example, the pulvinar and mediodorsal nucleus), which receive major input from the cortex rather than the sensory periphery. Such higher-order thalamic nuclei have been shown to regulate information transmission in frontal and higher-order sensory cortex according to cognitive demands. This Research Topic aims to bring together neuroscientists who study different parts of the thalamus, particularly thalamic nuclei other than the primary sensory relays, and highlight the thalamic contributions to attention, memory, reward processing, decision-making, and language. By doing so, an emphasis is also placed on neural mechanisms common to many, if not all, of these cognitive operations, such as thalamo-cortical interactions and modulatory influences from sources in the brainstem and basal ganglia. The overall view that emerges is that the thalamus is a vital node in brain networks supporting cognition.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; neural synchrony ; cognitive control ; intralaminar thalamus ; mediodorsal thalamus ; Memory ; Pulvinar ; thalamocortical interactions ; oscillations ; anterior thalamus ; Prefrontal Cortex ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In recent years, there has been significant progress in biomass research as bio-based products are beneficial to the environment, energy-saving, and cost-saving if they are processed properly. The book collects the most state-of-the-art works related to the natural fiber composites in a Special Issue entitled “Natural Fiber Biocomposites”. These works address all the issues related the manufacturing of natural fiber composite products, from (1) raw materials, such as wood, flax fiber, and cellulose nanofiber; to the (2) raw material treatments, such as furfuryl alcohol pretreatment, ultrasonic vibration treatment (UVT), and extraction method for the resins; to the (3) process of the composites fabrication, such as thermo-hygro-mechanical densification; and to the (4) performance of the composites, including mechanical, moisture absorption, opacity, thermal, and biodegradability. Discussions on the adhesives/resins used in the natural fiber composites fabrication, such as dried distiller’s grains and solubles (DDGS), pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) press cakes (PPC), and lesquerella [Lesquerella fendleri (A. Gary) S. Watson] press cake (LPC), starch, and polylactic acid (PLA), are also part of the book. It is believed the technical information presented in this book will contribute to the development of the bio-based composites.
    Keywords: flexural properties ; panels ; by-products ; non-dietetic uses ; modulus of rupture ; modulus of elasticity ; nanofiber cellulose ; water hyacinth ; thermoplastic starch ; bionanocomposites ; ultrasonic vibration time ; density ; gas permeability ; thermal conductivity ; densification ; durability ; green composites ; cellulosic fibers ; water uptake ; biocomposite ; starch ; cellulose ; ultrasonication ; moisture absorption ; opacity ; mat porosity ; mat thermal conductivity ; fiber size ; hot-pressing process ; PLA ; flax ; thermoplastic composites ; mechanical properties ; biodegradability ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Seismic exploration is a geophysical method with deeper exploration capabilities and higher resolution than potential geophysical methods. It has been widely used in the fields of oil and gas, mineral, and environmental exploration, as well as engineering. This Special Issue provides several advanced methods and technologies for seismic data processing and interpretation, including the following: noise elimination, migration and inversion, passive seismic exploration, a theory for seismic wave propagation, and also Artificial Intelligence technology used in seismic data processing.
    Keywords: Geophysics;Seismic;Processing;Interpretation;Imaging ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: Structural MRI ; functional MRI ; cognitive deficits ; depression ; anxiety ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: synapse ; plasticity ; electrophysiology ; microscopy ; optogenetics ; methods ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Music is an important source of enjoyment, learning, and well-being in life as well as a rich, powerful, and versatile stimulus for the brain. With the advance of modern neuroimaging techniques during the past decades, we are now beginning to understand better what goes on in the healthy brain when we hear, play, think, and feel music and how the structure and function of the brain can change as a result of musical training and expertise. For more than a century, music has also been studied in the field of neurology where the focus has mostly been on musical deficits and symptoms caused by neurological illness (e.g., amusia, musicogenic epilepsy) or on occupational diseases of professional musicians (e.g., focal dystonia, hearing loss). Recently, however, there has been increasing interest and progress also in adopting music as a therapeutic tool in neurological rehabilitation, and many novel music-based rehabilitation methods have been developed to facilitate motor, cognitive, emotional, and social functioning of infants, children and adults suffering from a debilitating neurological illness or disorder. Traditionally, the fields of music neuroscience and music therapy have progressed rather independently, but they are now beginning to integrate and merge in clinical neurology, providing novel and important information about how music is processed in the damaged or abnormal brain, how structural and functional recovery of the brain can be enhanced by music-based rehabilitation methods, and what neural mechanisms underlie the therapeutic effects of music. Ideally, this information can be used to better understand how and why music works in rehabilitation and to develop more effective music-based applications that can be targeted and tailored towards individual rehabilitation needs. The aim of this Research Topic is to bring together research across multiple disciplines with a special focus on music, brain, and neurological rehabilitation. We encourage researchers working in the field to submit a paper presenting either original empirical research, novel theoretical or conceptual perspectives, a review, or methodological advances related to following two core topics: 1) how are musical skills and attributes (e.g., perceiving music, experiencing music emotionally, playing or singing) affected by a developmental or acquired neurological illness or disorder (for example, stroke, aphasia, brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, autism, ADHD, dyslexia, focal dystonia, or tinnitus) and 2) what is the applicability, effectiveness, and mechanisms of music-based rehabilitation methods for persons with a neurological illness or disorder? Research methodology can include behavioural, physiological and/or neuroimaging techniques, and studies can be either clinical group studies or case studies (studies of healthy subjects are applicable only if their findings have clear clinical implications).
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroimaging ; Brain ; Movement ; Music ; neurological disorders ; Cognition ; Rehabilitation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The use of renewable energy sources (RESs) is a need of global society. This editorial, and its associated Special Issue “Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Sources”, offers a compilation of some of the recent advances in the analysis of current power systems that are composed after the high penetration of distributed generation (DG) with different RESs. The focus is on both new control configurations and on novel methodologies for the optimal placement and sizing of DG. The eleven accepted papers certainly provide a good contribution to control deployments and methodologies for the allocation and sizing of DG.
    Keywords: solar energy ; wind energy ; energy storage ; renewable energy integration ; Europe ; advanced metering infrastructure ; data acquisition ; IEC standards ; low-cost ; open source ; power measurement ; smart meter ; uncertainty evaluation ; frequency stabilization ; coordinated control ; wind turbine generator ; high-fidelity battery model ; releasable and absorbable energy ; photovoltaic emulator ; photovoltaic panel ; single diode model ; MPPT ; FSWT-SCIG ; battery storage system ; power system stability ; synchronous generator ; hybrid system ; voltage source converter ; passivity-based control ; proportional-integral control ; voltage regulation ; bi-directional converter ; LC impedance source converter ; DC–DC power converter ; bi-directional power flow ; alternating current networks ; direct current networks ; optimal power flow ; non-linear optimization ; control of power electronic converters ; distributed generation ; mixed-integer nonlinear programming ; second-cone programming ; discrete-sine cosine algorithm ; metaheuristic optimization ; DG placement ; evolutionary algorithms ; energy management ; fuzzy controller ; power systems analysis ; interconnected power systems ; latencies ; time-delay effects ; wide area monitoring systems ; renewable energy conversion ; power conditioning devices ; renewable energy policies ; power quality ; computations methods ; control strategies ; electric vehicle charging ; energy management systems ; ancillary services ; monitoring ; prognostic and diagnostic ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: axon degeneration ; Neuropathy ; Glaucoma ; Mitochondrial dysfunction ; Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy ; Mitochondria ; tau ; axon transport ; Neuroinflammation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Estimated prevalence rates of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have increased at an alarming rate over the past decade; current estimates stand as high as 1 in 110 persons in the population with a higher ratio of affected males to females. In addition to their emotional impact on the affected persons and their family members (in fact, the latter are often unrecognized unaffected “patients†themselves), the economic and social impacts of ASDs on society are staggering. Persons with ASDs will need interdisciplinary approaches to complex treatment and life planning, including, but not limited to, special education, speech and language therapy, vocational skills training and rehabilitation, social skills training and cognitive remediation, in addition to pharmacotherapy. The current book highlights some of the recent research on nosology, etiology, and pathophysiology. Additionally, the book touches on the implications of new research for treatment and genetic counseling. Importantly, because the field is advancing rapidly, no book can be considered the final word or finished product; thus, the availability of open access rapid publication is a mechanism that will help to assure that readers remain current and up-to-date.
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Coastal regions are susceptible to rapid changes, as they constitute the boundary between the land and the sea. The resilience of a particular segment of coast depends on many factors, including climate change, sea-level changes, natural and technological hazards, extraction of natural resources, population growth, and tourism. Recent research highlights the strong capabilities for remote sensing applications to monitor, inventory, and analyze the coastal environment. This book contains 12 high-quality and innovative scientific papers that explore, evaluate, and implement the use of remote sensing sensors within both natural and built coastal environments.
    Keywords: big data applications ; data processing ; data visualization ; neural networks ; reduction ; coastal waters ; urban expansion ; remote sensing and GIS ; expansion types and rates ; major explanatory factors ; Miami metropolitan area ; cliff coastlines ; cliff retreat ; time-series analysis ; airborne laser scanner ; warm upwelling ; sea surface temperature ; numerical modelling ; winter ; southern Baltic Sea ; beach monitoring ; mobile terrestrial LiDAR ; intensity calibration ; beach surface moisture ; Baltic coast ; Poland ; CORINE Land Cover ; land cover flow ; urbanisation ; afforestation ; deforestation ; spatial analysis ; SDGs ; coastal habitats ; ecosystem monitoring ; land cover mapping ; random forest algorithm ; Sentinel-2 ; modified soil-adjusted vegetation index 2–MSAVI2 ; normalized difference water index 2–NDWI2 ; brightness index 2–BI2 ; oil spill ; remote sensing ; review ; machine learning ; deep learning ; trajectory modeling ; vulnerability assessment ; coastal geomorphology ; shoreline change ; coastal process ; monitoring ; geomatic techniques ; Po River Delta ; archival multi-temporal data ; coastline changes ; emerged/submerged surfaces ; land subsidence ; relative sea level rise 2100 ; land cover ; dune coast ; air photograph ; South Baltic Sea ; coastal monitoring ; estuaries ; IoT ; lidar ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: There is a growing recognition that rapid action in response to climate change is urgently necessary, and that many of the responsibilities for this action (e.g., relating to transport, land-use planning and economic development) rest at the local level. This is attested to by the growing number of local authorities that have declared climate emergencies across the globe. Responding to this emergency will require significant changes in the assumptions, expectations, priorities and procedures of locally elected representatives and government officials. This Special Issue will explore the responses of local government, as a key locus of sustainability governance, to the need for rapid climate action, drawing on examples from diverse locations (UK, western Europe, Chile and South Africa) and at various scales (from the smallest local areas, to city regions, counties and provinces).
    Keywords: climate change ; local government ; climate governance ; urban transport ; politics ; local climate action ; climate emergency ; phronesis ; practical wisdom ; crisis ; UK ; Paris Agreement ; carbon budgets ; transport ; governance ; carbon accounting ; scalar ; top-down ; bottom-up ; local governments ; critical infrastructure investment ; capacities ; political leadership attributes ; municipal organizational robustness ; Chile ; pop-up consultancy centre ; local authorities ; home renovation ; decentralised approach ; home-owner renovation journey ; business models ; multi-level governance ; informal settlements ; sanitation services ; institutional remaking ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Mounting evidence in the last years has demonstrated that self-regulation of brain activity can successfully be achieved by neurofeedback (NF). These methodologies have constituted themselves as new tools for cognitive neuroscience establishing causal links between voluntary brain activations and cognition and behavior, and as potential novel approaches for clinical applications in severe neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g. schizophrenia, depression, Parkinson´s disease, etc.). Current developments of brain imaging-based neurofeedback include the study of the behavioral modifications and neural reorganization produced by learned regulation of the activity of circumscribed brain regions and neuronal network activations. In a rapidly developing field, many open questions and controversies have arisen, i.e. choosing the proper experimental design, the adequate use of control conditions and subjects, the mechanism of learning involved in brain self-regulation, and the still unexplored potential long-lasting effect on brain reorganization and clinical alleviation, among others. This special issue on self-regulation of the brain of emotion and attention using NF approaches interested authors to report technical and methodological advances, scientific investigations in understanding the relation between brain activity and behaviour using NF, and finally studies developing clinical treatment of emotional and attentional disorders. The editors of this special issue anticipate rapid developments in this emerging field.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; emotion ; Attention ; real-time fMRI ; Neuromodulation ; Neurofeedback ; brain-machine interfaces ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 77
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: anger ; aggression ; violence ; aggressive behaviors ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 78
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Global health, conceived as a discipline, aims to train, research and respond to problems of a transboundary nature, in order to improve health and health equity at the global level. The current worldwide situation is ruled by globalization, and therefore the concept of global health involves not only health-related issues, but also those related to the environment and climate change. Therefore, in this Special Issue, the problems related to global health have been addressed from a bibliometric approach in four main areas: environmental issues, diseases, health, education and society.
    Keywords: social networks ; health ; young people ; bibliometric study ; scientometrics ; obesity ; interventions ; children ; youths ; pediatrics ; reclaimed water ; advanced oxidation process ; microorganisms ; concern emergent contaminant ; worldwide ; content analysis ; text mining ; diabetes ; QOL ; artificial intelligence ; machine learning ; bibliometric ; LDA ; HIV/AIDS ; quality of life ; global health ; public health ; scientometric study ; knowledge map ; visualization analysis ; CiteSpace ; COPD ; QoL ; medicinal plants ; drugs ; worldwide research ; bibliometrics ; traditional medicine ; asthma ; HRQoL ; Scival ; patents ; Spain ; Research and Development (R&amp ; D) ; social returns ; COVID-19 ; biomechanics ; musculoskeletal disorders ; RULA ; ergonomics ; applications ; climate change ; infectious diseases ; bibliometric analysis ; co-word analysis ; biclustering ; strategic diagram ; academic performance ; citation network ; motivation ; microplastics ; network analysis ; VOSviewer software ; research hotspots ; pulmonary disease ; musculoskeletal risks ; wastewater treatment ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 79
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Salamanders are relevant components of many terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. However, despite the importance of salamanders in many resource–consumer networks, their functional role remains remarkably understudied. Therefore, this volume, entitled The Ecological Role of Salamanders as Prey and Predators, provides an opportunity for researchers to highlight the new research on the ecological role of salamanders and newts in prey–predator systems, their trophic behavior, and the variability of their trophic niche in space and time. Various innovative methods, such as COI metabarcoding and network analysis, are applied in the present study to test both the classical and new hypotheses concerning the trophic ecology of salamanders and their interactions with their prey. The present volume is composed of one review and seven research papers, all of which are published after undergoing a complete and impartial peer-review process.
    Keywords: artificial cave ; ecotone ; prey-predator system ; salamanders ; Speleomantes ; subterranean habitat ; amphibia ; energy flow ; habitat coupling ; predator–prey interactions ; top–down control ; trophic cascades ; trophic ecology ; Urodela ; cave biology ; prey ; hypogean ; underground ; stygofauna ; Monolistra ; Sphaeromatidae ; Niphargus ; flatworm ; aqueduct ; seepage ; individual diet specialization ; ecological opportunity ; diet ; plethodontid ; community ecology ; Triturus ; Lissotriton ; coexisting species ; trophic niche ; niche width ; niche variation hypothesis ; amphibians ; feeding ecology ; individual specialization ; resource selection ; Hydromantes ; body condition ; biospeleology ; parental species ; size ; capture-mark-recapture ; COI ; DNA metabarcoding ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 80
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: oxidative stress ; inflammation ; apoptosis ; nutraceuticals ; drug delivery ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 81
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Dear Colleagues, When Hayflick and Moorhead coined the term “cellular senescence” (CS) almost 60 years ago, this phenomenon was understood as a mechanism, usually induced by activation of the DNA-repair machinery, to prevent uncontrolled proliferation. Meanwhile, additional beneficial roles for CS have been identified, such as embryonic development and wound healing. The senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) activated in most senescent cells (SC) signals to the immune system “come here and remove me”. In organisms with young and functional immune systems, occurring SC are usually detected and removed. If SC remain in the tissue expressing the SASP, this will cause not just a damaging local inflammation but can also induce remodeling and regeneration of the surrounding tissue as well as spreading of senescence. Old organisms show reduced regenerative potential and immune function which leads to accumulation of SC. Accordingly, accumulation of SC was observed in tissues of aged individuals, but importantly also in the context of age-related disorders, neurodegenerative, or cardiovascular diseases and others. Because of its detrimental effect of the surrounding tissue, accumulation of SC is not just a consequence, but can rather been understood as a major driver of aging. In line with this, recent studies described that removal of SC showed beneficial effects on healthspan and lifespan. This exciting research led to the discovery of “senolytics”, drugs which can kill SC. Given the heterogeneity of cell types that show senescence-like phenotypes, including heart muscle and post-mitotic neuronal cells, further research is required to unravel the molecular background that renders a cell type vulnerable to senesce. Additionally, it will be important to understand how senescence is cell type-specifically induced and which molecules serve as drug targets to prevent senescence and its spreading, or actively kill SC. This special issue will shed light on the molecular pathways of CS and inflammaging and on possible strategies to interfere with these processes. Dr. Markus Riessland Guest Editor
    Keywords: γH2AX ; Alzheimer’s disease ; DNA damage ; mild cognitive impairment ; senescence ; secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine ; regeneration ; homeostasis ; cellular senescence ; biology of aging ; neurodegeneration ; brain ; geroscience ; senolytics ; tauopathy ; cancer ; stress response ; post-mitotic ; neuronal senescence ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) ; cell-cycle ; melanoma ; pancreatic adenocarcinoma ; tumor infiltration ; chemotherapy resistance ; prostate ; inflammation ; AIM2 inflammasome ; POP3 ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 82
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book examines the state of the art of biosorption as an economical and environmentally friendly technique for pollutant removal in wastewater. Several articles are included that develop the applications of biosorption showing the high efficiency and versatility of this process, as well as showing recent advances in this field. Different modalities of biosorption are demonstrated from free biomass to immobilized biomass, as well as the combination of biomass with modern materials to form composites, emphasizing the significant versatility of this technique. In addition, different examples with biomasses of very different natures are also included and discussed, as are the factors that influence biosorption processes. Other contributions offer some examples of apparently useless materials that are reused and applied in the elimination of pollutants. Therefore, this book is an excellent complement for those researchers who work on biosorption as well as a starting point for those who want to begin research on this topic.
    Keywords: landfill ; leachate treatment ; POME ; removal efficiency ; mixing ratio ; biosorbent ; Ni2+ ; background electrolytes ; kinetic modeling ; biosorption ; biomass ; bioaccumulation ; biocomposite ; pollutants ; metals ; emerging organic contaminants ; dyes ; Spirulina ; alginate ; immobilization ; fixed-bed column ; Mxene–CS composite ; Cr(VI) contaminated aqueous solution ; Green Synthesis ; treatment of wastewater ; heavy metals ; citrus waste biomass ; bio-sorbent ; pre-treatment ; activated carbon ; batch adsorption ; fixed-bed adsorption column ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: primary cilia ; nucleolus ; autophagy ; cellular stress ; cell homeostasis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 84
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Serotonin - A Chemical Messenger Between All Types of Living Cells is a very interesting book on the most ancient neurotransmitter, hormone and trophic factor serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). This unique chemical is present in all living cells including plants and animals. This book will take us through a serene journey of the evolutionary history of serotonin and its role from man to mollusk. There are many interesting chapters incorporated in this book, including novel approaches for detecting minor metabolites of serotonin in human plasma, production and function of serotonin in cardiac cells, immuno-thrombotic effects of serotonin in platelets to the identification and localization of serotonin in the nervous system and gonad of bivalve mollusks.
    Keywords: oocyte, sperm, nervous system, inflammation, biomarkers, obesity ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 85
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue of Geosciences focuses on the application of the cosmogenic nuclides (3He, 10Be, 14C, 21Ne, 26Al and 36Cl) in diverse disciplines in the field of earth sciences, as well as on improvements in sampling, analytical sample preparation and analytical techniques. After the past three decades, and nearly 70 years after the first application, cosmogenic nuclides have become an amazingly versatile tool for Earth scientists to disentangle the unsolved pieces of Earth's history during the Quaternary. Today, Earth scientists apply cosmogenic nuclides to establish the timing of Quaternary ice volume fluctuations, and volcanic and palaeoseismic events, to gauge surface and/or rock uplift and denudation rates and to reconstruct terrace chronologies, as well as to determine the rates and styles of local and large-scale erosion, soil development and landscape evolution.
    Keywords: Sennwald rock avalanche ; cosmogenic nuclide dating ; run-out modelling ; cosmogenic nuclides ; sediment fingerprinting ; geomorphometric analysis ; positive feedback ; Prättigau half-window ; cosmogenic 21Ne ; noble gas isotope ; mass spectrometry ; neon isotope ; 21Ne ; Ne dating ; Bruderheim chondrite ; Imilac pallasite ; CREU quartz ; glacial erosion rates ; cosmogenic 36Cl ; Swiss Alps ; limestone plateau ; Bündnerbergjoch ; nunatak ; cosmonuclides ; 10Be ; 26Al ; 3He ; 36Cl ; 14C ; MATLAB ; Octave ; cosmogenic surface exposure dating ; Jan Mayen ; background production ; nuclide production ; burial dating ; European Alps ; rock avalanche ; Dan3D-Flex runout modeling ; active tectonics ; fault scarp dating ; Gediz Graben ; western Anatolia ; earthquake ; Holocene ; isochron-burial dating ; Swiss northern Alpine Foreland ; Middle Pleistocene ; Möhlin glaciation ; Bünten Till ; soil forming factors ; chronosequences ; high-mountain soils ; proglacial areas ; erratic boulders ; LGM Glaciations ; eastern Anatolia ; glacier retreat ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 86
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: A growing interest has been devoted to the development of host systems for ionic and neutral species based on calixarenes. These cyclic oligomers show important host–guest properties, which has led to numerous applications in a broad range of fields, including organocatalysis, sensing, extraction and separation, and, more recently, biomedical applications. The relative ease of the functionalization of their upper and lower rims and the presence of a pre-organized cavity that is available in different sizes and conformations make calixarenes attractive building blocks for the construction of supramolecular assemblies. This book presents the most recent developments on the host–guest properties of calixarenes, as well as the new synthetic methods and applications.
    Keywords: thiosemicarbazone ; calix[4]arene ; metal complex ; X-ray structure ; antimicrobial ; anticancer ; copper ; supramolecular ; inclusion complex ; fluorescence ; sensor ; density functional theory ; calix[3]arenes ; metacyclophanes ; calixarene-analogous metacyclophanes ; inherent chirality ; host-guest chemistry ; dihomooxacalix[4]arenes ; naphthyl(thio)urea anion receptors ; alkylammonium hydrochlorides ; ditopic receptors ; chiral recognition ; NMR studies ; UV-Vis absorption studies ; fluorescence studies ; X-ray diffraction ; DFT calculations ; calixarene ; resorcinarene ; pillararene ; antibiotic ; fungicide ; biofilm inhibition ; calixarenes ; threading ; chirality ; barfate salts ; pseudorotaxane ; chiral axles ; chiral wheels. ; calixarene-like structure ; polyoxometalates ; nitronate ; crystal structure ; host–guest chemistry ; anion receptor ; anion ; sensors ; lanthanides ; UV–vis studies ; quantum yields ; lifetime measurements ; noncovalent synthesis ; hierarchical control ; calix[4]tubes ; metallo-porphyrins ; phthalimide derivatives ; conventional synthesis ; microwave irradiation ; ball milling ; NMR spectroscopy ; electronic absorption and fluorescence studies ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 87
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: It is widely believed that a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions originated anthropogenically from the use of fossil fuels with additional contributions coming from manufactured materials, deforestation, soil erosion, and agriculture (including livestock). The global society actively supports measures to create a flexible and low-carbon energy economy to attenuate climate change and its devastating environmental consequences. In this Special Issue, the recent advancements in the next-generation thermochemical conversion processes for solid fuels and renewable energies (e.g., the operational flexibility of co-combustion of biomass and lignite, integrated solar combined cycle power plants, and advanced gasification systems such as the sorption-enhanced gasification and the chemical looping gasification) were shown.
    Keywords: hydrochar ; hydrothermal carbonization ; biogas upgrading ; CO2 capture ; pressure swing adsorption ; gasification ; kinetic model ; conversion model ; reaction model ; low-rank coal ; tar absorption ; process simulation ; validation study ; sensitivity analyses ; lignite ; lignite gasification ; fluidized-bed gasifier ; olivine ; solar cooling ; solar cooling system ; TRNSYS ; absorption chiller ; performance and analysis ; solar energy ; chemical looping ; biomass gasification ; process control ; CO2 absorption ; experimental study ; energy analysis ; exergy analysis ; CSP ; PTC ; ISCC ; power plant ; CFB combustion ; operational flexibility ; load transients ; fluctuating electricity generation ; renewables ; one-dimensional SEG model ; dual fluidized bed ; sorbent deactivation ; hydrodynamics ; kinetics ; fuel feeding rate ; biomass ; thermochemical conversion technologies ; combustion ; carbon capture and storage/utilization ; solar-driven air-conditioning ; integrated solar combined cycle ; energy and exergy analyses ; thermodynamic modeling ; dynamic process simulation ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The early postnatal period is a crucial stage for hippocampal development. During this critical period, the neonatal hippocampus is highly sensitive to the detrimental consequences of adverse environmental factors. Extensive clinical and preclinical evidence has shown that traumatic events early in life have profound and persistent effects on hippocampal function and behavior. This research topic focuses on the acute and lasting effects of early-life stress on various developmental processes in the hippocampus, and aims to uncover the molecules that are responsible for early-life stress-programmed effects and underlie resilience or vulnerability to stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders later in life. We hope the articles in this research topic will provide novel insights and stimulate future studies on the mechanisms of early-life stress and brain development.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; development ; molecular mechanism ; early-life stress ; plasticity ; Hippocampus ; psychiatric disorders ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Conflicts in forest management are unavoidable because of the large temporal and spatial scales characteristic of forests ecosystems and the large number of actors involved. Forests are multifunctional ecosystems par excellence, and it can be hypothesized that current public policies, and especially those labeled as societal transitions, can affect this widespread holistic management goal. In this Special Issue, the different contributions by the authors raise the questions of how different types of conflicts arise and what alternatives exist to solve those conflicts. The Issue contains examples from both temperate and tropical forests and addresses, for instance, conflicts arising from REDD+ programs, the declaration of new protected areas, the complexity of negotiating carbon offset targets, the loss of local knowledge because of demographic trends, and meeting biodiversity and biomass targets simultaneously, among others. We present a general typology of sources of conflicts because of two dimensions: a vertical dimension represented by bottom-up versus top-down approaches and a horizontal dimension arising by ecosystem extent and ownership boundaries. Awareness that new policies can be a source of unexpected conflicts calls for precaution while testing new ‘transition’ approaches.
    Keywords: forest planning and management ; rural community sustainability ; ecosystem services ; forest sociology ; forestry in the media ; forest vulnerability ; adaptive capacity ; multiple-use land management ; conflicting perspectives ; natural processes ; high-yield silviculture ; forest management ; multifunctionality ; carbon offset ; collective action ; conflict avoidance ; mitigation ; payment for ecosystem services ; social-ecological ; France ; protected areas establishment ; stakeholder participation ; landscape protection ; qualitative research ; Soutok Protected Landscape Area (Czech Republic) ; REDD+ ; conflict ; forests ; land tenure ; political ecology ; ecological unit ; synergy/trade-off ; spatial structure ; attribute characteristics ; forest sustainability ; production forests ; environment forests ; carbon credit ; retention approach ; common-pool resource management ; local vs. global ; economic oligopoly ; panacea paradigm ; renewable energy ; sectoral organization ; CHANS ; globalization ; historical data ; socio-ecological frameworks ; dry-edge ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Ocean color measured by satellite-mounted optical sensors is an essential climate variable that is routinely used as a central element for assessing the health and productivity of marine ecosystems and the role of oceans in the global carbon cycle. For satellite ocean color to be reliable and used in these and other important environmental applications, the data must be trustworthy and high quality. Pre-flight and on-board calibration of satellite ocean color sensors is conducted; however, once in orbit, the data quality can only be fully assessed via independent calibration and validation activities using surface measurements. These measurements therefore need to be at least as high quality as the satellite data, which necessitates SI traceability and a full uncertainty budget. This is the basis for fiducial reference measurements (FRMs) and the FRM4SOC project, which was an European Space Agency (ESA) initiative to establish and maintain SI-traceable ground-based FRM for satellite ocean color, thus providing a fundamental contribution to the European system for monitoring the Earth (Copernicus). This Special Issue of MDPI Remote Sensing is designed to showcase this essential Earth observation work through the publication of the project’s main achievements and results accompanied by other select relevant articles.
    Keywords: VIIRS ; SNPP ; NOAA-20 ; DINEOF ; ocean color data ; data merging ; gap-filling ; ocean color radiometers ; radiometric calibration ; indoor intercomparison measurement ; agreement between sensors ; measurement uncertainty ; field intercomparison measurement ; Hyperspectral reflectance ; validation ; autonomous measurements ; ground-truth data ; system design ; downwelling irradiance ; satellite validation ; Fiducial Reference Measurements ; water reflectance ; satellite ; calibration ; solar diffusor ; SDSM ; desert trend ; lunar calibration ; RVS ; MODIS ; Aqua ; ocean color ; water-leaving radiance ; atmospheric correction ; Sentinel-3 OLCI ; Copernicus ; ocean colour ; system vicarious calibration ; fiducial reference measurement ; Lampedusa ; MOBY ; MarONet ; radiometry ; research infrastructure ; uncertainty budget ; satellite ocean colour ; fiducial reference measurements (FRM) ; calibration and validation ; SI traceability and uncertainty ; European Space Agency (ESA) ; Committee for Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) ; fiducial reference measurements ; SI-traceability ; Mediterranean Sea ; BOUSSOLE ; MSEA ; hyper-temporal dataset ; optical radiometry ; coastal environment ; observation geometry ; remote sensing reflectance ; ocean colour radiometers ; TriOS RAMSES ; Seabird HyperSAS ; field intercomparison ; AERONET-OC ; Acqua Alta Oceanographic Tower ; remote sensing ; spectral irradiance comparison ; spectral radiance sources comparison ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 91
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: deep learning ; convolutional neural networks ; brain age estimation ; neurodegenerative diseases ; automated diagnosis ; brain image segmentation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Historically, cognitive sciences have considered selective attention and working memory as largely separated cognitive functions. That is, selective attention as a concept is typically reserved for the processes that allow for the prioritization of specific sensory input, while working memory entails more central structures for maintaining (and operating on) temporary mental representations. However, over the last decades various observations have been reported that question such sharp distinction. Most importantly, information stored in working memory has been shown to modulate selective attention processing – and vice versa. At the theoretical level, these observations are paralleled by an increasingly dominant focus on working memory as (involving) the attended part of long-term memory, with some positions considering that working memory is equivalent to selective attention turned to long-term memory representations – or internal selective attention. This questions the existence of working memory as a dedicated cognitive function and raises the need for integrative accounts of working memory and attention. The next step will be to explore the precise implications of attentional accounts of WM for the understanding of specific aspects and characteristics of WM, such as serial order processing, its modality-specificity, its capacity limitations, its relation with executive functions, as well as the nature of attentional mechanisms involved. This research topic in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience aims at bringing together the latest insights and findings about the interplay between working memory and selective attention.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; spatial attention ; working memory ; executive attention ; Internal attention ; short-term memory ; selective attention ; serial order ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 93
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: In the past 20 years, karst desertification control has produced remarkable results, and the South China karst has been a global hotspot for greening. However, in the new stage of karst desertification control, the functional lag of forest ecosystems and the insufficient supply capacity of ecosystem services are gradually becoming prominent. We not only lack systematic research on vulnerability and resilience, structure and stability, ecological assets and services, carrying capacity and ecological security, and service trade-offs/synergies and optimization in controlled ecosystems. There is still a lack of research on the ecological processes of newly constructed forests in improving ecosystem functions and services. Therefore, this reprint mainly focuses on the research improvement of forest ecosystem functions in karst desertification control. This includes the improvement mechanism of ecosystem structure, function, and services, the mechanism of ecosystem service tradeoff/synergy, and function optimization. An optimization model of ecosystem function and an improvement path for eco-product supply are introduced. The role of functional traits in the maintenance of ecological function and services is also established, and social–ecological responses to afforestation in karst desertification control are discussed.
    Keywords: structural trait ; element trait ; physiological trait ; leaf ; root ; karst ; ecosystem service supply ; value accounting ; eco-industry ; karst desertification environment ; farmland hydrological cycle ; agroforestry ; agronomic measures to water saving ; planting combinations ; investment strategy ; plant adaptability ; soil ; response ; biodiversity ; ecosystem services ; forests ; karst desertification ; plant functional traits ; structure ; landscape security pattern ; sensitivity ; landscape connectivity ; Guanling County ; Guizhou ; ecological products ; value realization ; ecological industry ; resilient landscape ; rural planning ; resilience assessment ; karst rocky desertification control areas ; karst forest ; vegetation water use strategy ; hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes ; hydrologic niche separation ; principal component analysis ; redundancy analysis ; karst rocky desertification area ; species diversity ; evaluation indicator systems ; fuzzy integrated evaluation ; karst spring ; dissolved organic carbon/nitrogen ; rocky desertification ; terrestrial ecosystem ; soil aggregate stability ; soil nutrients ; vegetation restoration ; karst rocky desertification ; forest ; karst desertification control ; loquat ; intercropping peanut ; N2O emission ; Abies fanjingshanensis ; microbial carbon use efficiency ; physicochemical indices ; bacteria ; fungus ; structural optimization ; water and fertilizer regulation ; functional improvement ; forests ecosystem ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint entitled "Nanomedicine Based Drug Delivery Systems: Recent Developments and Future Prospects" contains 14 articles in total. This includes one editorial, ten research articles, and three review articles. All articles are associated with nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems for the solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic enhancement of active drug molecules. In recent years, there has been a tremendous amount of research on nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems. This reprint has brought together prominent scientists who have explored a diverse range of applications of nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems. I believe that further clinical and toxicological studies on both animal and human models are still required to explore the complete potential and commercial exploitation of nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems. The diverse and critical perspectives within this reprint provide sufficient information on the development, characterization, and evaluation of nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems.
    Keywords: bioflavonoid ; droplet size ; hepatoprotective effects ; luteolin ; SNEDDS ; cancer ; smart nanocarriers ; drug targeting ; nanoparticles ; stimulus for drug release ; bioavailability ; ciprofloxacin ; lipid-based colloidal carriers ; ocular delivery ; turmeric rhizome extract ; turmeric oil ; curcumin ; HepG2 ; anticancer ; quality by design ; quality planning ; initial risk assessment ; critical factors ; thermosensitive liposomes ; thin-film hydration method ; dental diseases ; essential oils ; herb ; natural products ; nanotechnology ; regulations ; tedizolid-phosphate ; chitosan ; antibacterial ; eye-irritation transcorneal-permeation ; drug delivery ; contraception ; levonorgestrel ; liposomes ; microneedle ; sustained-release ; apremilast ; psoriatic arthritis ; pharmacokinetics studies ; solubility ; dissolution ; oral bioavailability ; functionalized fullerenes ; fullerenols ; antibiotics ; gentamicin ; antibacterial properties ; cytotoxicity ; skin fibroblasts ; nanomedicine ; tedizolid ; antimicrobial ; nanocrystals ; eyeirritation ; ocular pharmacokinetics ; transcorneal permeation ; quality by Design (QbD) ; nano-pharmaceuticals ; pharmaceutical industry ; polyamidoamine dendrimers ; erlotinib ; non-small-cell lung cancer ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: It is currently apparent that extracellular ATP's physiological effect is mediated by its interaction with specific purinergic receptors. All purinergic receptors are divided into P1-purinoreceptors and P2-purinoreceptors. Each of the subtypes is divided into a number of families. For instance, P2 receptors are divided into P2X and P2Y receptors according to the mechanism by which their effect is realized: P2Y are G-protein-coupled receptors, while P2X receptors are ligand-operated ion channels. P2X receptors are important molecular therapeutic targets, the malfunctioning of which leads to severe complications in the physiology of humans and animals and causes dangerous diseases. The search for compounds that can modulate the function of purinergic receptors can lead to the creation of new drugs that are effective in central and peripheral nervous system and immune system disease treatment, including neuroinflammation, hypoxia/ischemia, epilepsy and neuropathic pain. In this Special Issue, we wish to offer a platform for high-quality publications on the latest advances in the identification of P2X/Y- and P1-receptor blockers, functions and regulation by them; the characterization of these receptor signaling networks and crosstalk; mechanisms underlying the role of purinoceptors in neurodegenerative illnesses as well as chronic neuronal changes following acute noxious damage and therapeutic opportunities associated with regulation of purinergic receptor activity.
    Keywords: adenosine receptors ; adipogenesis ; osteogenesis ; adipose tissue ; bone marrow ; obesity ; neonatal seizures ; development ; ATP ; purinergic signalling ; P2X7 receptor ; endometriosis ; adenosine ; P2Y ; P2X ; ectonucleotidases ; pain ; inflammation ; endometrium ; CD73 ; CD39 ; P2Y2 receptor ; P2X4 receptor ; canine ; dog ; DH82 ; macrophage ; neuroinflammation ; antinociception ; cerebral ischemia ; oxygen-glucose deprivation ; A2B receptors ; oligodendrocyte differentiation ; demyelination ; retina ; purinergic modulation ; glycinergic neurotransmission ; microglia ; neurodegeneration ; glycine transporters ; guanosine ; stroke ; neuroprotection ; purinergic signaling ; purinergic receptors ; autoimmune disease ; astroglia ; G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) ; neurite outgrowth ; montelukast ; NG2 ; ex vivo organotypic brain slice co-culture ; neurodegeneration and neuroregeneration ; n/a ; macrophages ; P2X7R ; pore formation ; inflammasome activation ; inflammatory diseases ; gallic acid ; visceral pain ; depression ; hippocampus ; spinal cord ; dorsal root ganglion ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The inferior colliculus (IC) is a unique structure in the auditory system, located between the primary auditory nuclei of the brainstem and the thalamus. The existence of the complex neural circuits in the auditory brainstem and midbrain, lacking in other sensory systems, has motivated an outpouring of research on the circuitry and physiological properties of the IC. IC neurons receive ascending inputs from over 20 separate sources in the brainstem as well as a dense collection of descending connections from the cortex. It is richly connected to both the left and right ears through these circuits and a major theme in research on the IC has been its role in binaural interactions. A second theme is the role of descending circuits in modulating responses to sound in the IC. A third theme is understanding the sound processing that occurs at the level of the IC, essentially how the representation of sound in the IC differs from that in the two auditory nerves. The representation of sound in the IC is an intermediate step in the development of the cortical representation as well as in the development of many perceptual features of sounds. These characteristics have been documented for a number of computations, including sound localization, masking properties, robustness of the representation, and responses to temporal and spectral properties of sounds. This Research Topic aims to discuss a wide range of aspects of the structure and function of the IC in a way that will facilitate future research.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; ion channel models ; inferior colliculus ; sona ; representation of sound ; internal circuitry ; Neural Pathways ; inhibitory circuits ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This Open Access book presents the current state of the art knowledge on social and affective neuroscience based on empirical findings. This volume is divided into several sections first guiding the reader through important theoretical topics within affective neuroscience, social neuroscience and moral emotions, and clinical neuroscience. Each chapter addresses everyday social interactions and various aspects of social interactions from a different angle taking the reader on a diverse journey. The last section of the book is of methodological nature. Basic information is presented for the reader to learn about common methodologies used in neuroscience alongside advanced input to deepen the understanding and usability of these methods in social and affective neuroscience for more experienced readers.
    Keywords: Social Cognition ; Clinical Neuroscience ; Moral Emotions ; Embodiment ; Social bonding ; Interpersonal Neuroscience ; Rapid Emotional Responses ; Mirror Neurons ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Huntington's Disease is one of the well-studied neurodegenerative conditions, a quite devastating and currently incurable one. It is a brain disorder that causes certain types of neurons to become damaged, causing various parts of the brain to deteriorate and lose their function. This results in uncontrolled movements, loss of intellectual capabilities and behavioural disturbances. Since the identification of the causative mutation, there have been many significant developments in understanding the cellular and molecular perturbations. This book, "Huntington's Disease - Core Concepts and Current Advances", was prepared to serve as a source of up-to-date information on a wide range of issues involved in Huntington's Disease. It will help the clinicians, health care providers, researchers, graduate students and life science readers to increase their understanding of the clinical correlates, genetic aspects, neuropathological findings, cellular and molecular events and potential therapeutic interventions involved in HD. The book not only serves reviewed fundamental information on the disease but also presents original research in several disciplines, which collectively provide comprehensive description of the key issues in the area.
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Interaction between language and cognition remains an unsolved scientific problem. What are the differences in neural mechanisms of language and cognition? Why do children acquire language by the age of six, while taking a lifetime to acquire cognition? What is the role of language and cognition in thinking? Is abstract cognition possible without language? Is language just a communication device, or is it fundamental in developing thoughts? Why are there no animals with human thinking but without human language? Combinations even among 100 words and 100 objects (multiple words can represent multiple objects) exceed the number of all the particles in the Universe, and it seems that no amount of experience would suffice to learn these associations. How does human brain overcome this difficulty?
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Brain and functional imaging ; Language ; Cognition ; Emotions ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The need for energy is increasing and at the same time production from the conventional reservoirs is declining quickly. This requires an economically and technically feasible source of energy for the coming years. Among some alternative future energy solutions the most approachable source is from unconventional reservoirs. As the name “unconventional” implies it requires different and challenging approach to characterize and to develop such a resource. This special issue covers some of the technical challenges for developing unconventional energy sources from shale gas/oil, tight gas sand, and coalbed methane.
    Keywords: bedding fractures ; failure criterion ; lamina ; tight oil ; tight sandstone ; finite element simulation ; numerical simulation ; unconventional reservoir ; permeability ; group method of data handling ; artificial neural network ; well logs ; sensitivity analysis ; tight gas reservoir ; multi-fractured horizontal well (MFHW) ; unstable productivity model ; productivity forecast ; influencing factor analysis ; horizontal well with multiple finite-conductivity fractures ; elliptical-shaped drainage ; productivity index ; non-Darcy flow ; pressure-dependent conductivity ; reservoir properties ; void space structure ; porosity ; complex rocks ; NMR ; MICP ; CT ; SEM ; coal-bearing tight sandstone ; organic-rich clasts ; occurrence ; classifications ; formation mechanisms ; Ordos Basin ; hydraulic fracturing ; fracturing fluids ; fluids-rock interaction ; environmental implication ; history matching ; semianalytic model ; unconventional gas reservoirs ; multistage fractured horizontal wells ; fractal theory ; pore structure ; heterogeneity ; NMR measurements ; multifractal analysis ; shale reservoir ; elastic properties ; brittleness ; rock physics ; brittle spot identification ; shale gas ; reservoir characteristics ; gas content ; eastern Sichuan Basin ; the Da’anzhai member ; pulse decay method ; gas adsorption ; dual media ; unconventional core ; natural fracture ; influencing factor ; oil production ; carbonate rock ; basement reservoir ; Jizhong Sub-basin ; dynamic pore network modeling ; shale reservoirs ; water imbibition ; discrete element method ; modified fluid-mechanical coupling algorithm ; injection sequence ; well spacing ; stress shadow effect ; seismic location ; microseismic events ; waveform stacking ; induced seismicity ; CBM ; surfactant ; solid-free drilling fluid ; CBM reservoir wettability ; machine learning ; lithofacies ; umiat ; Alaska ; proppant transportation ; cross fractures ; CFD simulation ; dimensional analysis ; equilibrium proppant height ; coalbed methane ; Lattice Boltzmann method ; gas diffusion ; adsorption–desorption ; pore-scale ; clay minerals ; pore structures ; tight gas reservoirs ; Xujiaweizi Rift ; Northern Songliao Basin ; methane adsorption isotherm ; coal properties ; gradient boosting decision tree ; estimation model ; shale gas reservoir ; geology ; Gibbs excess adsorption ; supercritical adsorption ; gas viscosity ; high voltage spark discharge ; electrohydraulic effect ; electrical conductivity ; drilling ; rock damage ; pressure waves ; water fracturing ; turbulence effect ; Eulerian multiphase modeling ; proppant transport mechanism ; equilibrium height prediction model ; adaptive filtering ; complex noise canceling ; electromagnetic telemetry ; multifractured horizontal wells ; production analysis ; irregular stimulated region ; natural gas hydrate ; seismic modeling ; fractional derivatives ; gas geochemical characteristics ; noble gas ; shale gas evolution ; Large Igneous Province (LIP) ; gas loss ; geological structure ; gas controlling pattern ; neutral surface ; tectonic movement ; Bumu region ; seismic interpretation ; depositional environments characteristics ; Wheeler diagram ; seismic attributes ; heterogeneous sequence ; sample size ; neutron scattering ; mercury injection capillary pressure ; adsorption ; shale ; junggar basin ; hong-che fault zone ; carboniferous ; volcanic reservoir ; main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation ; fracture ; vug ; micro CT ; carbonate ; wave velocity ; amorphous SiO2 ; X-ray diffraction ; X-ray fluorescence spectrometry ; scanning electron microscope ; quantitative analysis ; void ratio ; FEM ; ABAQUS ; matrix porosity ; kerogen porosity ; water saturation ; gas hydrate ; saturation ; deep learning ; recurrent neural network ; molecular simulation ; enhanced oil recovery ; methane ; shale petroleum ; technological development ; patent ; network analysis ; imbibition ; osmosis ; unconventional formations ; EOR ; water flooding ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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