ALBERT

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Contents Introduction Acknowledgements Classification of British diatoms New combinations References Description of plates Index to the genera and plates

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS ECOLOGY 1 Sea ice: its formation, distribution and properties 2 Ice-associated ecosystems 3 Ice diatoms 4 Techniques for sampling sea-ice algae 5 The Antarctic planktonic ecosystem 6 Some aspects of the large-scale physical oceanography of the Arctic Ocean influencing biological oceanography 7 Arctic planktonic ecosystems 8 Arctic plankton diatoms: dominant species, biogeography 9 The paleontological significance of fossil diatoms from the high-latitude oceans TAXONOMY 10 Key to diatom families and glossary 11 Family Thalassiosiraceae Section 1: the genera Skeletonema, Pororsira, Bacterosira, and Detonula and the genus Thalassiosira from the Arctic Section 2: the genus Thalassiosira from the Antarctic 12 Family Leptocylindraceae: the genus Corethron 13 Family Coscinodiscaceae: the genus Stellarima 14 Family Hemidiscaceae: the genera Actinocyclus and Azpeitia 15 Family Rhizosoleniaceae: the genera Rhizosolenia and Proboscia 16 Family Biddulphiaceae: the genus Eucampia 17 Family Diatomaceae: the genera Thalassiothrix and Trichotoxon 18 Family Naviculaceae: Arctic species of the genera Diploneis, Gyrosigma, Haslea, Navicula, Pinnularia, Pleurosigma, Stauroneis and Stenoneis 19 Family Naviculaceae: the genera Plagiotropis, Manguinea, Membraneis, and Banquisia 20 Family Naviculaceae: the genus Pseudogomphonema 21 Family Auriculaceae and Bacillariaceae: the genera Auricula, Hantzschia, and Nitzschia 22 Family Bacillariaceae: the genus Nitzschia section Pseudonitzschia 23 Family Bacillariaceae: the genus Nitzschia section Nitzschiella 24 Family Bacillariaceae: the genus Nitzschia section Fragilariopsis BIBLlOGRAPHY

Note: СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Антропогенные изменения климата криоэкология / М.К.Гаврилова Изменчивость параметров гидротермического режима грунтов на склоновых ландшафтах Центральной Якутии / С.П.Варлатов, Ю.Б. Скачков, П.Н.Скрябин Влияние инверсии воздуха на температурный режим маревых ландшафтов Западной Якутии / П.Я. Копстаптинов К вопросу типизации деятельного слоя на примере Якутии / И.С. Васильев Склоновая микрозональность ландшафтов долины среднего течения р. Амги / А.Н. Горохов. Криогенные "мезы" - специфическая особенность высокогорных ландшафтов Центральных Анд / А.П. Горбунов. Засоление почв при аласообразовании / Р.В. Десяткин Радиационный баланс и микроклимат листвсннично-березовоrо леса Центральной Якутии / И. Сугаров Оценка чувствительности мерзлотных ландшафтов на примере трассы маmстрального водовода р Лена-Татта / А.Н. Федоров, Н.П. Босиков, П.Я. Константинов, Я.И. Торговкин, И.С.Василъев, Т.А. Ботулу Дистанционный контроль естественной и антропогенной динамики природной среды Севера / М.М. Шаи, А.Г. Корев, С.И.Сериков О развитии криогенных процессов и устойчивости агроземель в Якутии / П.П. Гаврилъев О влиянии техногенных нарушений на температурный режим грунтов на Приленском плато / П.Н.Скрябин, Г.Г. Пудов Прокладка газопровода на маревых и аласных участках Центральной Якутии / И.П. Константинов, В.А. Попов Криогенное разрушение сенокосных угодий Заполярья / В.П. Босиков Формирование и режим техногенных криопэщв в ландшафтах долины р. Лены / B.Н. Kиpeeв Температура rорных пород техногенных ландшафтов месторождения трубки "Удачная" / И.В. Климовский, С.П. Готовцев Изменение водно-физических свойств почв аласов под антропогенным воздействием / В.Г. Тарабукина Подземные льды и хозяйственное освоение высокогорных территорий Тянь-Шаня и Памира / Е.Д. Ермолин Уточненная методика сглаживания для решения одномерной задачи Стефана / А.С. Тетельбаум , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Постановление Межведомственного стратиграфического комитета о региональной стратиграфической схеме палеогеновых и неогеновых отложений востока Сибирской платформы Введение 1. Основные новые материалы 2. Общая стратиграфическая шкала 3. Магнитостратиграфическая шкала (полярность) 4. Региональные стратиграфические подразделения 5. Корреляция местных стратиграфических разрезов 6. Вновь установленные стратиграфические подразделения 7. Стратиграфические схемы смежных регионов 8. Основные задачи дальнейших исследований Заключение Список литературы Памяти О.В. Гриненко , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Masterarbeit, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, 1992 , Table of Contents Abstract Acknowledgements List of Figures List of Tables Chapter 1 Introduction and Literature Review 1.1 introduction 1.2 Research objectives 1.3 Literature review 1.3.1 Overland flow 1.3.2 Overland flow from partial areas 1.3.3 Subsurface stormflow 1.3.4 The variable source area subsurface stormtlow concept 1.3.5 Groundwater and the capillary fringe effect 1.3.6 Preferential flow 1.3.6.1 Macropore flow 1.3.6.2 Unstable flow 1.4 Summary of uncertainties in the vadose zone Chapter 2 Methodology 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Harp 4-21 basin: site description 2.2.1 Basin topography 2.2.2 Bedrock and surficial geology 2.2.3 Vegetation 2.2.4 General hydrology 2.3 Basin instrumentatio 2.3.1 Stream 2.3.2 Phreatic zone 2.3.3 Vadose zone 2.3.3.1 Soil moisture 2.3.3.2 Preferential flowpaths 2.4 Hillslope transect instrumentation 2.4.1 The hillslope transect 2.4.2 Time domain reflectometry 2.4.3 Vadose water extraction 2.5 Sampling techniques, frequency and chemical analyses 2.5.1 Precipitation 2.5.2 Stream 2.5.3 Phreatic zone 2.5.4 Vadose zone 2.5.4.1 Soil moisture measurement and analysis of the TDR trace 2.5.4.2 Vadose water sampling 2.5.5 Chemical analysis Chapter 3 Results and Discussion: Antecedent Moisture Conditions 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Runoff events ~ampled during the May 1990 - April 1991 field season 3.3 Assessment of antecedent moisture conditions in the Harp 4-21 basin 3.3.1 Seasonal basin yield 3.3.2 Seasonal depth to water-table 3.3.3 Tensiometric data 3.3.4 Soil moisture conditions in the hillslope transect (Time Domain Reflectometry) 3.3.4.1 Soil water content/depth to water-table relationship 3.3.4.2 Estimation of the capillary fringe thickness and the temporal variation of basin area in which it extends to the ground surface 3.4 Assessment of the origin of water in the vadose zone of near-stream and lower slope areas which experience significant water-table responses during runoff generating events 3.4.1 Introduction 3.4.2 Near-stream 07 piezometer nest 3.4.3 Lower slope TD4 mini-piezometer nest Chapter 4 Preferential flowpathways: Results and discussion 4.1. Discharge contributions to streamflow during runoff events 4.2. Assessment of the origin of water emmitted from the soil pipes during runoff events Chapter 5 Conclusions References Appendix I Appendix II Appendix Ill Appendix IV Appendix V , Englisch

Note: Preface Introduction Magmatic and hydrothermal processes in ore-bearing systems Judith L. Hannah and Holly J. Stein Theoretical and Experimental Studies Theoretical contraints on the chemistry of the magmatic aqueous phase Philip A. Candela Partitioning of F and Cl between magmatic hydrothermal fluids and highly evolved granitic magma James D. Webster and John R. Holloway Internal differentiation of rare-element pegmatites; A synthesis of recent research David London Fluorine-rich Granite-Rhyolite Systems The petrogenetic and metallogenetic significance of topaz granite from the southwest England orefield D.A.C. Manning and P. I. Hill The role of fluorine in the petrogenesis of magmatic segregations in the SL Francois volcano-plutonic terrane, southeastern Missouri P. I. Nabelek and C. Russ-Nabelek Melt inclusions in the quartz phenocrysts of rhyolites from Topaz and Keg Mountains, Thomas Range, Utah Christine Payette and Robert F. Martin Rare-metal enriched peralumininous rhyolites in a continental arc, Sierra Bianca area, Trans-Pecos Texas; Chemical modification by vapor-phase crystallization Jonathan G. Price, Jeffrey N. Rubin, Christopher D. Henry, Thomas L. Pinkston, Steven W. Tweedy, and David W. Koppenaal Tin and Tungsten-bearing Granitoids Comparative petrologic evolution of the Sn and W granites of the Fairbanks-Circle area, interior Alaska R. J. Newberry, L. E. Bums, S. E. Swanson, and T. E. Smith Mineralogical variation as a guide to the petrogenesis of the tin granites and related skarns, Seward Peninsula, Alaska Samuel E. Swanson, Rainer J. Newberry, Gary A. Coulter, and Thomas M. Dyehouse Geochemistry of highly fractionated I- and S-type granites from the tin-tungsten province of western Tasmania W. N. Sawka, M. T. Heizler, R. W. Kistler, and B. W. Chappell Genesis and fluid evolution of the East Kemptville greisen-hosted tin mine, southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada Jean M. Richardson, Keith Bell, David H. Watkinson, and John Blenkinsop Mica chemistry as an indicator of oxygen and halogen fugacities in the CanTung and other W-related granitoids in the North American Cordillera W. T. van Middelaar and J. D. Keith The Black Pearl mine, Arizona; Wolframite veins and stockscheider pegmatite related to an albitic stock Christopher Schmitz and Donald M. Burt Tin-bearing Rhyolites, Black Range, New Mexico Genesis of the rhyolite-hosted tin occurrences in the Black Range, New Mexico, as indicated by stable isotope studies Robert O. Rye, John L. Lufkin, and Michael D. Wasserman Eruptive fountains of silicic magma and their possible effects on the tin content of fountain-fed lavas, Taylor Creek Rhyolite, New Mexico Wendell A. Duffield Origin of Taylor Creek rhyolite magma, Black Range, New Mexico, based on Nd-Sr isotope studies Cadi Reece, Joaquin Ruiz, Wendell A. Duffield, and P. Jonathan Patchett Other Pre-Tertiary Granitoid Examples Petrogenesis of the Proterozoic rapakivi granites of Finland Ilmari Haapala and O. Tapani Rämö The Topsails igneous suite, western Newfoundland; Fractionation and magma mixing in an "orogenic" A-type granite suite Joseph B. Whalen and Kenneth L. Currie Anorogenic, bimodal emplacement of anorthositic, charnockitic, and related rocks in the Adirondack Mountains, New York James McLelland and Philip Whitney Geochemistry and metallogeny of Arizona peraluminous granitoids with reference to Appalachian and European occurrences Anne L. Shaw and John M. Guilbert Index

Note: Table of Contents Foreword The Global Context The Arctic in a Global Context The ARCSS Program The Arctic System Science (ARCSS) Program The Scientific Goals of the ARCSS Program ARCSS Objectives Significant Research and Findings of the ARCSS Program ARCSS Program Research Implementation of ARCSS Program Research ARCSS Program Components Paleoenvironmental Studies Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two (GISP2) Paleoclimates of Arctic Lakes and Estuaries (PALE) Ocean-Atmosphere-Ice Interactions (OAII) Land-Atmosphere-Ice Interactions (LAII) Integrative Studies Synthesis, Integration, and Modeling Studies (SIMS) New Initiatives Human Dimensions of the Arctic System (HARC) Russian-American Initiative on Shelf-Land Environments in the Arctic (RAISE) International Collaboration The Future of the ARCSS Program Priorities for the Future Research Questions Integrative Strategies Community Coordination and Integration Coordination and Integration Logistics Support Working with Arctic Residents Community Planning and Science Management ARCSS Committee Science Steering Committees Periodic Meetings of ARCSS Principal Investigators Appendices ARCSS Program Contact Information A History of ARCSS Program Development ARCSS Data Protocol References and Relevant Reports Contributors and Reviewers

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Norges landbrukshøgskole, 1999 , Englisch

Note: Masterarbeit, University of Waterloo, 1990 , TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract Acknowledgements List of figures List of tables List of plates preamble CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE 1.2 LOCATION AND CLIMATE 1.3 GEOLOGICAL SETTING 1.3.1 Bedrock geology 1.3.2 Glacial history 1.3.2 Surficial geology 1.4 PREVIOUS RESEARCH AND PARALLEL STUDIES 1.5 SITE INVESTIGATIONS 1.5.1 Introduction 1.5.2 Water sampling methods 1.5.3 Piezometer methods 1.5.4 Measuring hydraulic conductivity 1.S.S Surface flow monitoring 1.5.6 Seepage meters 1.5.7 Coring and porewater squeezing 1.5.8 Frost table probing 1.5.9 Geological mapping 1.5.10 Weather records 1.5.11 Depth sounding 1.6 ANALYTICAL METHODS AND LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS 1.6.1 Sample collection, filtration, and alkalinity 1.6.2 Analytical methods 1.6.3 Quality of chemical analyses 1.6.4 Grain-size distributions and organic matter contents in till 1.6.5 Core logging and porewater squeezing 1.6.6 SEM examination of mineral weathering CHAPTER 2: HYDROLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY synopsis 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 LOCATION AND CLIMATE 2.3 FIELD AND ANALYTICAL METHODS 2.3.1 Field methods 2.3.2 Analytical methods 2.4 SETTING 2.5 HYDROLOGY 2.5.1 Surface hydrology 2.5.2 Groundwater hydrology 2.5.2.1 Thawing of the active layer 2.5.2.2 Structure and composition of the active layer till 2.5.2.3 Groundwater flow 2.6 DISCUSSION 2.7 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 3: A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF ISOTOPE HYDROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY abstract 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 STUDY AREA 3.3 ANALYTICAL METHODS 3.4 VEGETATION AND ACTIVE LAYER PROPERTIES 3.5 STABLE ISOTOPE DATA 3.6 WATER CHEMISTRY 3.7 SUMMARY CHAPTER 4: ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS OF EVAPORATION synopsis 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 STUDY AREA 4.3 FIELD AND LABORATORY METHODS 4.3.1 Materials and field methods 4.3.2 Analytkal methods 4.4 THEORY 4.4.1 Theoretical development 4.4.2 Basis of this approach 4.5 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA 4.6 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 4.7 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 5: WATER BALANCE AND GEOCHEMICAL EVALUATIONS abstract 5.l INTRODUCTION 5.2 SETTING 5.3 ANALYTICAL METHODS 5.4 HYDROLOGY 5.5 WATER BALANCE CALCULATIONS 5.6 GEOCHEMISTRY 5.7 DISCUSSION 5.8 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 6.1 SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS 6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH References LIST OF APPENDICES A. Part A: Stable isotope analyses of water samples Part B: Tritium analyses Part C: Field geochemical measurements Part D: Major ion analyses of water samples B. GROUNDWATER SAMPLING FROM PIEZOMETERS C. RELIABILITY OF Eh MEASUREMENTS D. PIEZOMETER DESIGNS/INSTALLATION PROCEDURES Part A: 1988 Part B: 1989 E. HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY TESTING/DATA F. SURFACE FLOW MEASUREMENTS Part 1: Weir Part 2: Stream gauging G. SEEPAGE METER METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS H. CORING AND SQUEEZING METHODS I. CORE AND SOIL PIT DESCRIPTIONS J. LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS TO ADDRESS WATER QUALITY Part A: Duplicates, blanks, and comparative analyses Part B: Filtration experiment Part C: Dissolved organic carbon Part D: Carbon-13 K. CHEMICAL AND ISOTOPIC ANALYSES OF POREWATERS EXTRACTED FROM CORES L. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF TILL M. WATER BALANCE THEORY

Note: Bachelorarbeit, Wilfrid Laurier University, 1993 , TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Water Balance 2.3 Nutrient Inputs 2.4 Models Chapter 3 Study Site and Site Characteristics 3.1 Study Site Location 3.2 Geology 3.3 Surface Cover 3.4 Permafrost Depth 3.5 Lake Formation 3.6 Lake Characteristics 3.7 Lake Sub Basin Characteristics 3.8 Climate 3.9 Precipitation and Melt 3.10 Evaporation Chapter 4 Methods 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Physical Sampling 4.2.1 Water Level 4.2.2 Stream Discharge 4.2.3 Precipitation 4.2.4. Radiation 4.2.5 Evaporation 4.2.6 Groundwater 4.3 Chemical Sampling 4.3.1 Total Phosphorus 4.4 Biological Sampling 4.4.1 Chlorophyll a 4.5 Water Balance 4.6 Nutrient Inputs 4.7 Models 4.7.1 Predicting Total Phosphorus Concentrations 4.7.2 Chlorophyll a Chapter 5 Results 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Water Balance 5.2.1 Lake Storage 5.2.2 Stream Discharge 5.2.3 Precipitation 5.2.4 Radiation 5.2.5 Evaporation 5.2.6 Groundwater 5.3 Nutrient Inputs 5.4 Models 5.4.1 Predicting Total Phosphorus Concentrations 5.4.2 Chlorophyll a Chapter 6 Discussion 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Water Balance 6.3 Nutrient Inputs 6.4 Models Chapter 7 Further Study Appendices Appendix 1 Lake Storage Appendix 2 Discharge Data Appendix 3 Precipitation Appendix 4 Radiation Appendix 5 Evaporation Appendix 6 Nutrient Data Appendix 7 Chlorophyll a Bibliography , Englisch

Note: Contents Foreword Introduction Oil - Catalyst for change The Haul Road - Highway to the Arctic Origins: The geologic setting Glaciers shape the land Glaciation and wildlife distribution Permafrost and the periglacial environment The Dalton Highway road log Glossary Selected references

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, Uppsala, 1997 , Contents Frozen soil hydrology Review and practical relevance The complex frozen soil environment Objectives Heat exchange above and within frozen soils Heat exchange at the snow surface Heat transfer through the snow pack Soil freezing characteristic curve Frost-induced solute redistribution Water infiltration and redistribution in frozen soil Experimental work Modelling Model versus measurements Conclusions Ongoing and future work Improved description of the processes at the pore scale Improved description of the snow pack Link to larger-scale models References Acknowledgments , Englisch

Note: Table of Contents Chapter 1 Analysis / John S. Robertson, Karen Bolinger, Lawrence M. Glasser, Neil J.A. Sloane, and Rob Gross Chapter 2 Algebra / Brad Wilson, John Michaels, Patrick J. Driscoll, and Rob Gross Chapter 3 Discrete Mathematics / George K. Tzanetopoulos, Jeff Goldberg, Joseph J. Rushanan, and Mel Hausner Chapter 4 Geometry / Ray McLenaghan and Silvio Levy Chapter 5 Continuous Mathematics / Catherine Roberts and Ray McLenaghan Chapter 6 Special Functions / Ahmed I. Zayed, Nicco M. Temme, and Paul Jameson Chapter 7 Probability and Statistics / William C. Rinaman, Christopher Heil, Michael T. Strauss, Michael Mascagni, and Mike Sousa Chapter 8 Scientific Computing / Gary Stanek Chapter 9 Financial Analysis / Daniel Zwillinger Chapter 10 Miscellaneous / Michael T. Strauss, Rob Gross, and Victor J. Katz List of Notations Index

Note: Dissertation, Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen, Wageningen, 1991 , 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Fields of interest 1.2 Macroscopic freezing test 1.3 Microscopic model 1.4 Aim of the thesis 1.5 Overview of the thesis 2 THEORY 2.0 Introduction to the chapter 2.1 Theory of different soil analyses 2.1.1 Particle size distribution 2.1.2 Specific surface area 2.1.3 Cation exchange capacity 2.1.4 Zeta potential 2.1.5 Water retention 2.1.6 Hydraulic conductivity 2.1.7 Thermal conductivity 2.2 Determination of soil water content by time-domain reflectometry 2. 2.1 Transmission line theory 2.2.2 Water content 2.2.3 Bulk electrical conductivity 2.3 Transfer of heat and mass 2.3.1 Moisture transport 2.3.2 Heat transport 2.3.3 Solute transport 3 NEW MODELS AND METHODS 3.0 Introduction to the chapter 3.1 A new model for the nonsteady-state probe method to measure thermal properties of porous media 3.1.0 Abstract 3.1.1 Introduction 3.1.2 Present approach 3.1.3 Experimental set-up 3.1.4 The perfect line source model 3.1.5 The modified Jaeger model 3.1.6 Gauss-Newton iteration 3.1.7 Calibration measurements 3.1.8 Conclusions 3.2 A new method to measure bulk electrical conductivity in soil using time-domain reflectometry 3.2.0 Abstract 3.2.1 Introduction 3.2.2 Measurement theory 3.2.3 Materials and methods 3.2.4 Results and discussion 3.2.5 Conclusions 3.3 Application of dispersion theory to time-domain reflectometry in soils 3.3.0 Abstract 3.3.1 Introduction 3.3.2 Dielectric constant as a function of water content 3.3.2.1 Soil as a two phase dielectric medium 3.3.2.2 Unfrozen soils 3.3.2.3 Frozen soils 3.3.3 Bulk electrical conductivity as a function of water content 3.3.4 Materials and methods 3.3.5 Results and discussion 3.3.5.1 Validation of the model for bulk electrical conductivity 3.3.5.2 Comparison with other models 3.3.6 Conclusions 3.3.7 Appendix 3.4 Description of the experiments to measure heat and mass transfer in freezing porous media 3.4.1 Experimental set-up 3.4.2 Used materials 3.4.3 Relations between soil physical and electrochemical properties 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.0 Introduction to the chapter 4.1 Thermal conductivity of unsaturated frozen sands 4. 1.0 Abstract 4.1. 1 Introduction 4.1. 2 Experimental set-up 4.1. 3 Theoretical approach 4. 1.4 Properties of the used sands 4.1.5 Measured heat flows 4.1. 6 Measured thermal conductivities 4.1. 7 Discussion 4.2 Heat transfer 4.2.1 Heat capacity 4.2.2 Thermal conductivity 4.2.2.1 Influence of the temperature dependence of the pore ice versus unfrozen water content 4.2.2.2 Contribution of the apparent thermal conductivity 4.2.2.3 Segregated ice content 4.2.2.4 Presence of the freezing front close to the measuring probe 4.2.3 Latent heat of in situ freezing 4.2.4 Heat balances 4.2.5 Temperature fields 4.2.6 Dynamics of heat flows in frozen porous materials 4.3 Moisture transfer 4.3.1 Segregation potential 4.3.2 Influence of soil physical and electrochemical properties 4.4 Application of time-domain reflectometry to measure solute concentration during soil freezing 4.4.0 Abstract 4.4.1 Introduction 4.4.2 Materials and methods 4.4.3 Results and discussion 4.4.3.1 Influence of temperature 4.4.3.2 Influence of liquid water content 4.4.3.3 Redistribution of solutes 4.4.4 Conclusions 4.5 Influence of added solutes on moisture transfer 5 CONCLUSIONS AND FINAL DISCUSSION 5.1 General discussion 5.2 Recommandations in connection with frost in porous media , Zusammenfassung in niederländischer Sprache

Note: Abstract Résumé Acknowledgments Welcome to Yellowknife Part I: The landscape and the people Geological evolution of the landscape Bedrock geology Surficial geology Climate and vegetation History of Yellowknife From gold to government Significant events Part II: Living with frozen ground Permafrost Regional distribution Permafrost occurrence in Yellowknife Significance of peat Significance of moisture Ice lenses Thaw stable and thaw unstable ground Thaw settlement Frost heave Development Buildings Roads Utilities Thermosyphons Climate change - an uncertain future for permafrost Climate and permafrost history Air temperature trends over the last century Response of air temperatures to doubling of greenhouse gases Effect of climate warming on permafrost in Yellowknife Impacts of climate warming Part III: Guide to field stops Introduction The Capital Tour - Capital Site to Bowling Green building Stop 1. The Capital Site - a profusion of peat Stop 2. Legislative Assembly - design with nature Stop 3. Legislative Assembly roadway - perils of paving peat Stop 4. Walking path - tipping trails Stop 5. Legislative Assembly parking lot - preserving permafrost Stop 6. Frame Lake - Yellowknife's aquatic centrepiece Stop 7. National Defence building - seeking solid ground Stop 8. Visitors Centre - rocking and rolling Stop 9. 49 Street thermosyphons - keeping it cool Stop 10. Bowling Green building - swallowing sidewalks The City Tour - 49 Avenue to Niven Lake Stop 11. 49 and 49 intersection - rolling roadways Stop 12. 49 Avenue - sagging sidewalks Stop 13. Downtown Yellowknife - safe on sand Stop 14. Gold Range Hotel - making things work Stop 15. Centre Square Mall - stemming shifting sands Stop 16. Boston Pizza - fast food on a slab Stop 17. Royal Oak Mines Inc. houses - half a century later Stop 18. 52 Avenue - up, up, and ... away Stop 19. 49 Street hill - leaving good ground Stop 20. 54 Avenue - frozen dangers underfoot Stop 21. Rockcliffe Apartments - creeping crawl space Stop 22. School Draw subdivision - houses on the move Stop 23. School Draw Park - from basements to basketballs Stop 24. Rock outcrop - on the shores of glacial Lake McConnell Stop 25. Detah ice road - crystal highway Stop 26. Old Town - doing things the old-fashioned way Stop 27. Franklin Avenue - whither frozen ground? Stop 28. Fritz Theil Park - from dump to diamond I Stop 29. Old sewage line - pipes and peat Stop 30. Niven Lake - a subarctic oasis I Part IV: The Niven Lake Trail Introduction Stop 1. A biological magnet for waterbirds Stop 2. The land of little sticks Stop 3. The wonder of wetlands Stop 4. Niven Lake -urban oasis for wildlife Stop 5. Peat, beautiful peat Stop 6. Honolulu north? Stop 7. Home sweet home -all year round Stop 8. Those mud-slinging, bug-poking shorebirds Glossary of terms Selected references List of field guides for Yellowknife

Note: Contents Contributors Part I. Alaska's Past and Present Environment 1. The Conceptual Basis of LTER Studies in the Alaskan Boreal Forest / F. Stuart Chapin III, john Yarie, Keith Van Cleve, and Leslie A. Viereck 2. Regional Overview of Interior Alaska / James E. Beget, David Stone, and David L Verbyla 3. State Factor Control of Soil Formation in Interior Alaska / Chien-Lu Ping, Richard D. Boone, Marcus H. Clark, Edmond C. Packee, and David K. Swanson 4. Climate and Permafrost Dynamics of the Alaskan Boreal Forest / Larry D. Hinzman, Leslie A. Viereck, Phyllis C. Adams, Vladimir E. Romanovsky, and Kenji Yoshikawa 5. Holocene Development of the Alaskan Boreal Forest / Andrea H. Lloyd, Mary E. Edwards, Bruce P. Finney, Jason A. Lynch, Valerie Barber, and Nancy H. Bigelow Part II. Forest Dynamics 6. Floristic Diversity and Vegetation Distribution in the Alaskan Boreal Forest / F. Stuart Chapin III, Teresa Hollingsworth, David F. Murray, Leslie A. Viereck, and Marilyn D. Walker 7. Successional Processes in the Alaskan Boreal Forest / F. Stuart Chapin III, Leslie A. Viereck, Phyllis C. Adams, Keith Van Cleve, Christopher L. Fastie, Robert A. Ott, Daniel Mann, and Jill F. Johnstone 8. Mammalian Herbivore Population Dynamics in the Alaskan Boreal Forest / Eric Rexstad and Knut Kielland 9. Dynamics of Phytophagous Insects and Their Pathogens in Alaskan Boreal Forests / Richard A. Werner, Kenneth F. Raffa, and Barbara L. Illman 10. Running Waters of the Alaskan Boreal Forest / Mark W. Oswood, Nicholas F. Hughes, and Alexander M. Milner Part III. Ecosystem Dynamics 11. Controls over Forest Production in Interior Alaska / John Yarie and Keith Van Cleve 12. The Role of Fine Roots in the Functioning of Alaskan Boreal Forests / Roger W. Ruess, Ronald L. Hendrick, Jason C. Vogel, and Bjartmar Sveinbjornsson 13. Mammalian Herbivory, Ecosystem Engineering, and Ecological Cascades in Alaskan Boreal Forests / Knut Kielland, John P. Bryant, and Roger W. Ruess 14. Microbial Processes in the Alaskan Boreal Forest / Joshua P. Schimel and F. Stuart Chapin III 15. Patterns of Biogeochemistry in Alaskan Boreal Forests / David W. Valentine, Knut Kielland, F. Stuart Chapin III, A. David McCuire, and Keith Van Cleve Part IV. Changing Regional Processes 16. Watershed Hydrology and Chemistry in the Alaskan Boreal Forest: The Central Role of Permafrost / Larry D. Hinzman, W. Robert Bolton, Kevin C. Petrone, Jeremy B. Jones, and Phyllis C. Adams 17. Fire Trends in the Alaskan Boreal Forest / Eric S. Kasischke, T. Scott Rupp, and David L. Verbyla 18. Timber Harvest in Interior Alaska / Tricia L. Wurtz, Robert A. Ott, and John C. Maisch 19. Climate Feedbacks in the Alaskan Boreal Forest / A. David McCuire and F. Stuart Chapin III 20. Communication of Alaskan Boreal Science with Broader Communities / Elena B. Sparrow, Janice C. Dawe, and F. Stuart Chapin III 21. Summary and Synthesis: Past and Future Changes in the Alaskan Boreal Forest / F. Stuart Chapin III, A. David McCuire, Roger W. Ruess, Marilyn W. Walker, Richard D. Boone, Mary E. Edwards, Bruce P. Finney, Larry D. Hinzman, Jeremy B. Jones, Clenn P. Juday, Eric S. Kasischke, Knut Kielland, Andrea H. Lloyd, Mark W. Oswood, Chien-Lu Ping, Eric Rexstad, Vladimir E. Romanovsky, Joshua P. Schimel, Elena B. Sparrow, Bjartmar Sveinbjornsson, David W. Valentine, Keith Van Cleve, David L. Verbyla, Leslie A. Viereck, Richard A. Werner, Tricia L. Wurtz, and John Yarie Index

Note: Translation of Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION Chapter 1. REVIEW OF GEOCRYOLOGICAL RESEARCH Chapter 2. NATURAL CONDITIONS Chapter 3. GENERAL GEOCRYOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND LANDSCAPE ZONING OF THE REGION Chapter 4. CONDITION OF PERMAFROST ROCKS ALONG THE ROUTE OF POWER LINES SVETLOGORSK - IGARKA - SNEZHNOGORSK 4.1. Forested areas 4.2. Treeless areas 4.3. Areas with close rock formations 4.4. Talik areas in the hall. Sigovom Khantaiskoe Reservoir Chapter 5. PERMAFROST ROCKS OF THE LEFT AND RIGHT BANK OF THE YENISEY RIVER NEAR THE CITY OF IGARKA Chapter 6. CHANGES IN GEOCRYOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON THE “DEAD” RAILROAD ROUTE Chapter 7. FORMATION OF PERMAFROST ROCKS AT THE BOTTOM OF A DRY LAKE. PIKE Chapter 8. GENESIS AND DYNAMICS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ICE MOUNTAIN Chapter 9. TERMOKARST IN THE YENISEI NORTH CONCLUSION LITERATURE , ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ ВВЕДЕНИЕ Глава 1. ОБЗОР ГЕОКРИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ Глава 2. ПРИРОДНЫЕ УСЛОВИЯ Глава 3. ОБЩАЯ ГЕОКРИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА И ЛАНДШАФТНОЕ РАЙОНИРОВАНИЕ РЕГОИНА Глава 4. СОСТОЯНИЕ МНОГОЛЕТНЕМЕРЗЛЫХ ПОРОД ПО ТРАССЕ ЛЭП СВЕТЛОГОРСК - ИГАРКА - СНЕЖНОГОРСК 4.1. Залесенные участки 4.2. Безлесные участки 4.3. Участки с близким залеганием скальных пород 4.4. Таликовые участки в зал. Сиговом Хантайскоrо водохранилища Глава 5. МНОГОЛЕТНЕМЕРЗЛЫЕ ПОРОДЫ ЛЕВО- И ПРАВОБЕРЬЯ Р. ЕНИСЕЯ БЛИЗ Г. ИГАРКИ Глава 6. ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ГЕОКРИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЙ НА ТРАССЕ "МЕРТВОЙ" ЖЕЛЕЗНОЙ ДОРОГИ Глава 7. ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ МНОГОЛЕТНЕМЕРЗЛЫХ ПОРОД НА ДНЕ ОСУШЕННОГО ОЗ. ЩУЧЬЕГО Глава 8. ГЕНЕЗИС И ДИНАМИКА РАЗВИТИЯ ЛЕДЯНОЙ ГОРЫ Глава 9. ТЕРМОКАРСТ НА ЕНИСЕЙСКОМ СЕВЕРЕ ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ ЛИТЕРАТУРА , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Contents: Introduction. - List of abbreviations. - 1. Balance of energy as a contemporary challenge. - 1.1. Energy resources and needs. - 1.2. Natural gas balance at the beginning of 21st century. - 1.3. Economic and political conditions at the European gas market. - 1.4. European Union facing the problem of energy supplies. - 2. Energy security - Norden - Basic issues. - 2.1. Subject and scope of national energy security. - 2.2. Nordic countries in international life. - 2.3. Norden and the energy issues of the Baltic states. - 2.4. Nordic countries - European Union in the context of energy security. - 3. Basic elements of the energy balance in Norden states. - 3.1. The Republic of Iceland. - 3.2. The Kingdom of Denmark. - 3.3. The Kingdom of Sweden. - 3.4. The Republic of Finland. - 4. Position of the Kingdom of Norway. - 4.1. Norway as an oil and gas producer. - 4.2. Norway in the energy balance of the region. - 4.3. High North - strategy vision and plan of Norway. - 4.4. High North - relations with the Russian Federation in the field of energy. - 5. Energy and climate - directions of activities of countries from Nordic region. - 5.1. Activities concerning energy and environmental protection and climate changes. - 5.2. Research and development - overcoming negative relations between progress and environment degradation. - 5.3. Nordic states versus contemporary energy security challenges. - Conclusion. - Literature. - List of figures and tables.

Note: Druckausg. ---〉 American Economic Journal / Economic Policy

Note: Table of Contents: Introduction. - Contact information. - List of participants. - Guidelines for presenters. - Registration. - Workshop program. - Hotel and workshop venues. - Travel information. - Abstracts. - Public lecture.

Note: A message to the world .... Antarctica, the last true wilderness, must remain inviolate, free from polution and exploitation, a living laboratory for scientific research and a continent of unsurpassed beauty for the inspiration of mankind.

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Introduction; Space weather forecasting historically viewed through the lens of meteorology; The Sun as the prime source of space weather; The coupling of the solar wind to the Earth's magnetosphere; Major radiation environments in the heliosphere and their implications for interplanetary travel; Radiation belts and ring current; Ionospheric response; Solar effects in the middle and lower stratosphere and probable associations with the troposphere; Space weather effects on communications; Space weather effects on power grids; Space weather impacts on space radiation protection. , Effects on spacecraft hardware and operationsEffects on satellite navigation; Forecasting space weather.

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: CONTENTS Preface Introduction EM 31 Sounding concepts Previous EMI studies Beaufort Sea field trials EM 31 Conductivity reading versus sea ice thickness General comments Literature cited Abstract

Note: CONTENTS Preface Conversion factors Introduction Data sources and analysis Air temperature records Air temperature curves Air temperature record analysis Discharge records Results Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Effects of discharge Salmon River ice control Conclusions Literature cited Abstract

Note: CONTENTS Preface Introduction Traction test methods Saab friction tester Uniroyal-Goodrich traction tester CRREL Instrumented Vehicle Surfaces tested Reporting results and terminology Factors influencing traction Results Traction curves for each surface Traction coefficients Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Vehicle instrumentation and samples of graphic output Appendix B: Comparison of measured traction coefficients with published andpredicted values Abstract

Note: CONTENTS Preface Nomenclature Introduction Mathematical formulation Limiting cases of the governing equations Nondimensionalization scheme Numerical solutions and comparison to experiments Unconstrained Coulomb flow model with constant bed friction Unconstrained Coulomb flow with boundary drag term Conclusions and remarks Literature cited Abstract

Note: CONTENTS Preface Nomenclature Introduction Background Field experiments Test location and test sites Test vehicles Test procedures Results CIV traction and motion resistance Wheels/trackcs vehicles traction and motion resistance Shear annulus device Accuracy and limitations of data Snow conditons Analysis Determination of snow strength parameters Traction analysis Traction model predictions Resistance analysis Resistance model predictions Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: Shallow snow mobility model, version 1.0 Appendix B: Test vehicle data Appendix C : Selected test data Appendix D : Snow data Appendix E: Shallow snow mobility model code, version 2.0 Abstract

Note: Contents: 1. Introduction ; 2. The political process ; 3. Administrative efficiency ; 4. Competition among governments ; 5. Fiscal policy and redistribution ; 6. Fiscal coordination and incentives ; 7. Citizens and government ; 8. Checks, balances, and freedom ; 9. Acquiring and using knowledge ; 10. Ethnic conflict and secession ; 11. Data to the rescue? ; 12. Conclusion: rethinking decentralization.

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2006

Note: CONTENTS Introduction / Ming-ko Woo and Denis J. Gregor No Great Change: A Commentary on 50 Years of Watching Arctic Science / F. Kenneth Hare Arctic Climate in the Future / David Etkin and Tom Agnew Ice and Snow in the Arctic and Global Change / Peter Adams Snow, Sea· Ice and Climate: A Study of Scales / Ellsworth F. LeDrew and David G. Barber Past Climate Changes as Deduced from Canadian Ice Cores / Roy M. Koerner Natural and Anthropogenic Influences on the Chemical Composition of the Arctic Troposphere / Leonard A. Barrie Organic Micropollutants in Arctic Snow and Pim / Denis J. Gregor Climatic Change and the Permafrost Landscape / Antoni G. Lewkowicz Arctic Streamflow / Ming-ko Woo Ecology and Palaeocology of the Northern Treeline / Glen M. MacDonald and K. Gajewski Climate Change and its Effects on Canadian Arctic Plant Communities / Sylvia A. Edlund Environmental Change and Prehistory in Arctic Canada / Patricia D. Sutherland Concluding Remarks / George D. Hobson Glossary

Note: CONTENTS VOLUME 2 Section 6 GULLY DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES Chapter 31 Thresholds of Channel Initiation in Historical and Holocene Times, Southeastern Australia / I. P. Prosser Chapter 32 The Role of Sideslope Gullies in the Production andDelivery of Sediment to Contemporary Terraces, Rambla del Hornillo, Southern Spain / H. Faulkner Chapter 33 Holocene Hillslope Gully Systems in the Howgill Fells, Cumbria / A. M. Harvey Chapter 34 Unsaturated Strength and Preferential Flow as Controls on Gully Head Development / A. J. C. Collison Section 7 SLOPE STABILITY Chapter 35 Landslides and Stability in the Nepalese Middle Hills under Seasonal and Agricultural Land-Use Change Scenarios / K. Wu and J. B. Thornes Chapter 36 Developments in Slope Hydrology-Stability Modelling for Tropical Slopes / M. G. Anderson, A. J. C. Collison, J. Hartshorne, D. M. Lloyd and A. Park Chapter 37 The Mechanics and Landforms of Deep-Seated Landslides / D. Petley Chapter 38 The Assessment and Modelling of Hydrological Failure Conditions of Landslides in the Puriscal Region (Costa Rica) and the Manizales Region (Colombia) / M. T. J. Terlien, P. G. B. De Louw, Th. W. J. Van Asch and R. A. A. Hetterschijt Chapter 39 The Effects of Grass Roots on the Shear Strength of Colluvial Soils in Nepal / C. J. Lawrance, R. J. Rickson and J. E. Clark Chapter 40 Development of an Episodic Landform Change Model based upon the Black Ven Mudslide, 1946-1995 / D. Brunsden and J. H. Chandler Chapter 41 Coastal Slope Development: Temporal and Spatial Periodicity in the Holderness Cliff Recession / J. Pethick Section 8 TROPICAL HILLSLOPE PROCESSES Chapter 42 A New Approach towards the Quantification of Runoff and Eroded Sediment from Bench Terraces in Humid Tropical Steeplands and its Application in South-Central Java, Indonesia / L. A. Bruijnzee/ and W. R. S. Critchley Chapter 43 Hydrological Pathways and Water Chemistry in Amazonian Rain Forests / H. Elsenbeer and A. Lack Chapter 44 Observations on Slope Processes in a Tropical Rain Forest Environment Before and After Forest Plantation Establishment / A. Maimer Chapter 45 Tectonics and Relief in Tropical Forested Mountains: The Gipfelflur Hypothesis Revisited / A. P. Dykes and J. B. Thornes Section 9 SEMI-ARID HILLSLOPE PROCESSES Chapter 46 Hillslope Response to Extreme Storm Events: The Example of the Vaison-La-Romaine Event / J. Wainwright Chapter 47 Geomorphological Implications of Vegetation Patchiness on Semi-arid Slopes / J. Puigdefabregas and G. Sanchez Chapter 48 Runoff and Erosion on Semi-arid Hillslopes / A. J. Parsons, J. Wainwright and A. D. Abrahams Chapter 49 Cuesta Scarp Forms and Processes in Different Attitudinal Belts of the Colorado Plateau as Indicators of Climatic Change / K.-H. Schmidt and P. Meitz Chapter 50 Modelling the Complexity of Land Surface Response to Climatic Variability in Mediterranean Environments / M. Mulligan Section 10 PERIGLACIAL HILLSLOPE PROCESSES Chapter 51 Processes of Thaw-Induced Mass Movement in Non-cohesive Soils: Results of an Instrumented Slope Simulation Experiment / C. Harris and M. C. R. Davies Chapter 52 Paraglacial Slope Adjustment during Recent Deglaciation and Its Implication for Slope Evolution in Formerly Glaciated Environments / C. K. Ballantyne and D. I. Benn Chapter 53 Paraglacial or Periglacial? The Sedimentology of Slope Deposits in Upland Northumberland / S. Harrison Chapter 54 Slow Mass Movements and Climatic Relationships, 1972-1994, Kapp Linné, West Spitzbergen / H. J. Akerman Chapter 55 Rock Weathering and the Formation of Summit Blockfield Slopes in Norway: Examples and Implications / B. R. Rea, W. B. Whalley and E. M. Porter Author Index Subject Index

Note: CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Chapter I. CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE INITIAL COLONIZATION OF THE EURASIAN ARCTIC Occupation of the North Polar Regions in the Palaeolithic The Climate of the Arctic during the Early and Middle Holocene On the concepts of «Mesolithic» and «Neolithic» Mesolithic Monuments in the European and West Siberian Arctic The Sites of the Mesolithic Period and of Mesolithic-Early Neolithic Appearance in the East.Siberian and Taimyr Trans-Polar Area The Correlation of the Mesolithic Sites of Taimyr with the Mesolithic Cultures of the Forest Zone of Siberia Chapter II. THE TAIMYR TRANSPOLAR ZONE IN THE NEOLITHIC The Early Neolithic of Taimyr (the IVth Millennium BC) The Neolithic Sites of the III-II Millennia BC Net ceramic sites (the Maimeche culture) Assemblages with the Baykit type ceramics Chapter Ill. THE EARLY BRONZE CASTERS OF THE TAIMYR PENINSULA Climatic Changes in the Late Holocene Ymyiakhtakh Sites in the Taimyr Subpolar Region Waffie Pottery in the Subpolar Region: Distribution and Subsequent Evolution Chapter IV. THE TAIMYR PENINSULA IN THE EARLY IRON EPOCH AND THE MIDDLE AGE The Ust-Polovinka settlement and the Pyasina culture Monuments of the Malokorenninsk culture Monuments of cultures with East Siberian traditions The Vozhpai culture Chapter V. EVOLUTION OF ANCIENT SOCIETIES OF THE TAIMYR SUBPOLAR REGION: ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ASPECTS Settlements in the Taimyr Subpolar Region as a Source of Palaeosociological Information Bronze-casting on the Taimyr Peninsula The Appearance and Development of Reindeer Herding in the Tundra Zone of West Siberia and the Taimyr Subpolar Region CONCLUDING REMARKS APPENDIX REFERENCES PUBLICATIONS OF L. P. KHLOBYSTIN ILLUSTRATIONS ABBREVIATIONS SUMMARY , ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ Предисловие. К портрету исследователя ВВЕДЕНИЕ Глаба I КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В ЕВРАЗИЙСКОМ ЗАПОЛЯРЬЕ И ПЕР-ВЫЕ ЭТАПЫ ЕГО ЗАСЕЛЕНИЯ Заселение ЗаполярLя в эпоху палеолита Климат Заполярья в раннем и среднем голоцене О понятиях «мезолИD〉 и «неолит» Памятники эпохи мезолита Европейского н Западно-Сибирского ЗаполярLя Памятнщси эпохи мезолита и мезолитическо-раиненеолитического облика в Восточно-Сибирском и Таймырском Заполярье Соотношение мезолитических памятников Таймыра с культурами мезолита лесной зоны Сибири Глава II. ТАЙМЫРСКОЕ ЗАПОЛЯРЬЕ В ЭПОХУ НЕОЛИТА Ранний неолит Таймыра (IV тыс. до н. э.) Неолитические памятники III-II тыс. до и. э. Стоянки с сетчатой керамикой (памятники кулLтуры Маймече) Комплексы с керамикой байкитскоrо типа Глава III. РАННИЕ БРОНЗОЛИТЕЙЩИКИ ТАЙМЫРА Об изменении климата в позднем голоцене Ымыяхтахские памятники в Таймырском Заполярье РаспространеНИе вафельной керамики в Заполярье и ее последующее развитие Глава IV. ТАЙМЫР В ПЕРИОД РАННЕГО ЖЕЛЕЗА И СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЬЯ Поселение Усть-Половинка и пясинская культура Памятники малокореннинской культуры Памятники культур с восточносибирскими традициями Вожпайская культура Глава V. ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ И СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ДРЕВНИХ ОБЩЕСТВ ТАЙМЫРСКОГО ЗАПОЛЯРЬЯ Поселения Таймырского Заполярья как источник палеосоциолоrической информации Бронзоли-гейное производство на Таймыре Вопросы появления и разви-rия оленеводства в тундровой зоне Западной Сибири и Таймырского Заполярья ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ ЛИТЕРАТУРА БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ ТРУДОВ Л. П. ХЛОБЫСТИНА ИЛЛЮСТРАЦИИ СПИСОК СОКРАЩЕНИЙ SUMMARY , Sprache der Zusammenfassung: Englisch , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Contents Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1 Planet Earth and Earth systems 1.1 Comparative planetology 1.2 Unique Earth 1.3 Earth systems snapshots 1.4 Measuring Earth 1.5 Whole Earth 1.6 Subtle, interactive Earth Further reading Chapter 2 Matters of state and motion 2.1 Matters of state 2.2 Thermal matters 2.3 Quantity of matter 2.4 Motion matters: kinematics 2.5 Continuity: mass conservation of fluids Further reading Chapter 3 Forces and dynamics 3.1 Quantity of motion: momentum 3.2 Acceleration 3.3 Force, work, energy, and power 3.4 Thermal energy and mechanical work 3.5 Hydrostatic pressure 3.6 Buoyancy force 3.7 Inward acceleration 3.8 Rotation, vorticity, and Coriolis force 3.9 Viscosity 3.10 Viscous force 3.11 Turbulent force 3.12 Overall forces of fluid motion 3.13 Solid stress 3.14 Solid strain 3.15 Rheology Further reading Chapter 4 Flow, deformation, and transport 4.1 The origin of large-scale fluid flow 4.2 Fluid flow types 4.3 Fluid boundary layers 4.4 Laminar flow 4.5 Turbulent flow 4.6 Stratified flow 4.7 Particle settling 4.8 Particle transport by flows 4.9 Waves and liquids 4.10 Transport by waves 4.11 Granular gravity flow 4.12 Turbidity flows 4.13 Flow through porous and granular solids 4.14 Fractures 4.15 Faults 4.16 Solid bending, buckling, and folds 4.17 Seismic waves 4.18 Molecules in motion: kinetic theory, heat conduction, and diffusion 4.19 Heat transport by radiation 4.20 Heat transport by convection Further reading Chapter 5 Inner Earth processes and systems 5.1 Melting, magmas, and volcanoes 5.2 Plate tectonics Further reading Chapter 6 Outer Earth processes and systems 6.1 Atmosphere 6.2 Atmosphere-ocean interface 6.3 Atmosphere-land interface 6.4 Deep ocean 6.5 Shallow ocean 6.6 Ocean-land interface: coasts 6.7 Land surface Further reading Appendix Brief mathematical refresher or study guide Cookies Index

Note: Contents Contributors 1 Introduction 1.1 Part 1: Applied statistical theory 1.2 Part 2: The case studies 1.3 Data, software and flowcharts 2 Data management and software 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Data management 2.3 Data preparation 2.4 Statistical software 3 Advice for teachers 3.1 Introduction 4 Exploration 4.1 The first steps 4.2 Outliers, transformations and standardisations 4.3 A final thought on data exploration 5 Linear regression 5.1 Bivariate linear regression 5.2 Multiple linear regression 5.3 Partial linear regression 6 Generalised linear modelling 6.1 Poisson regression 6.2 Logistic regression 7 Additive and generalised additive modelling 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The additive model 7.3 Example of an additive model 7.4 Estimate the smoother and amount of smoothing 7.5 Additive models with multiple explanatory variables 7.6 Choosing the amount of smoothing 7.7 Model selection and validation 7.8 Generalised additive modelling 7.9 Where to go from here 8 Introduction to mixed modelling 8.1 Introduction 8.2 The random intercept and slope model 8.3 Model selection and validation 8.4 A bit of theory 8.5 Another mixed modelling example 8.6 Additive mixed modelling 9 Univariate tree models 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Pruning the tree 9.3 Classification trees 9.4 A detailed example: Ditch data 10 Measures of association 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Association between sites: Q analysis 10.3 Association among species: R analysis 10.4 Q and R analysis: Concluding remarks 10.5 Hypothesis testing with measures of association 11 Ordination — First encounter 11.1 Bray-Curtis ordination 12 Principal component analysis and redundancy analysis 12.1 The underlying principle of PCA 12.2 PCA: Two easy explanations 12.3 PCA: Two technical explanations 12.4 Example of PCA 12.5 The biplot 12.6 General remarks 12.7 Chord and Hellinger transformations 12.8 Explanatory variables 12.9 Redundancy analysis 12.10 Partial RDA and variance partitioning 12.11 PCA regression to deal with collinearity 13 Correspondence analysis and canonical correspondence analysis 13.1 Gaussian regression and extensions 13.2 Three rationales for correspondence analysis 13.3 From RGR to CCA13.4 Understanding the CCA triplot 13.5 When to use PCA, CA, RDA or CCA 13.6 Problems with CA and CCA 14 Introduction to discriminant analysis 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Assumptions 14.3 Example 14.4 The mathematics 14.5 The numerical output for the sparrow data 15 Principal coordinate analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling 15.1 Principal coordinate analysis 15.2 Non-metric multidimensional scaling 16 Time series analysis — Introduction 16.1 Using what we have already seen before 16.2 Auto-regressive integrated moving average models with exogenous variables 17 Common trends and sudden changes 17.1 Repeated LOESS smoothing 17.2 Identifying the seasonal component 17.3 Common trends: MAFA 17.4 Common trends: Dynamic factor analysis 17.5 Sudden changes: Chronological clustering 18 Analysis and modelling of lattice data 18.1 Lattice data 18.2 Numerical representation of the lattice structure 18.3 Spatial correlation 18.4 Modelling lattice data 18.5 More exotic models 18.6 Summary 19 Spatially continuous data analysis and modelling 19.1 Spatially continuous data 19.2 Geostatistical functions and assumptions 19.3 Exploratory variography analysis 19.4 Geostatistical modelling: Kriging 19.5 A full spatial analysis of the bird radar data 20 Univariate methods to analyse abundance of decapod larvae 20.1 Introduction 20.2 The data 20.3 Data exploration 20.4 Linear regression results 20.5 Additive modelling results 20.6 How many samples to take? 20.7 Discussion 21 Analysing presence and absence data for flatfish distribution in the Tagus estuary, Portugal 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Data and materials 21.3 Data exploration 21.4 Classification trees 21.5 Generalised additive modelling 21.6 Generalised linear modelling 21.7 Discussion 22 Crop pollination by honeybees in Argentina using additive mixed modelling 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Experimental setup 22.3 Abstracting the information 22.4 First steps of the analyses: Data exploration 22.5 Additive mixed modelling 22.6 Discussion and conclusions 23 Investigating the effects of rice farming on aquatic birds with mixed modelling 23.1 Introduction 23.2 The data 23.3 Getting familiar with the data: Exploration 23.4 Building a mixed model 23.5 The optimal model in terms of random components 23.6 Validating the optimal linear mixed model 23.7 More numerical output for the optimal model 23.8 Discussion 24 Classification trees and radar detection of birds for North Sea wind farms 24.1 Introduction 24.2 From radars to data 24.3 Classification trees 24.4 A tree for the birds 24.5 A tree for birds, clutter and more clutter 24.6 Discussion and conclusions 25 Fish stock identification through neural network analysis of parasite fauna 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Horse mackerel in the northeast Atlantic 25.3 Neural networks 25.4 Collection of data 25.5 Data exploration 25.6 Neural network results 25.7 Discussion 26 Monitoring for change: Using generalised least squares, non-metric multidimensional scaling, and the Mantel test on western Montana grasslands 26.1 Introduction 26.2 The data 26.3 Data exploration 26.4 Linear regression results 26.5 Generalised least squares results 26.6 Multivariate analysis results 26.7 Discussion 27 Univariate and multivariate analysis applied on a Dutch sandy beach community 27.1 Introduction 27.2 The variables 27.3 Analysing the data using univariate methods 27.4 Analysing the data using multivariate methods 27.5 Discussion and conclusions 28 Multivariate analyses of South-American zoobenthic species — spoilt for choice 28.1 Introduction and the underlying questions 28.2 Study site and sample collection 28.3 Data exploration 28.4 The Mantel test approach 28.5 The transformation plus RDA approach 28.6 Discussion and conclusions 29 Principal component analysis applied to harbour porpoise fatty acid data 29.1 Introduction 29.2 The data 29.3 Principal component analysis 29.4 Data exploration 29.5 Principal component analysis results 29.6 Simpler alternatives to PCA 29.7 Discussion 30 Multivariate analyses of morphometric turtle data — size and shape 30.1 Introduction 30.2 The turtle data 30.3 Data exploration 30.4 Overview of classic approaches related to PCA 30.5 Applying PCA to the original turtle data 30.6 Classic morphometric data analysis approaches 30.7 A geometric morphometric approach 31 Redundancy analysis and additive modelling applied on savanna tree data 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Study area 31.3 Methods 31.4 Results 31.5 Discussion 32 Canonical correspondence analysis of lowland pasture vegetation in the humid tropics of Mexico 32.1 Introduction 32.2 The study area 32.3 The data 32.4 Data exploration 32.5 Canonical correspondence analysis results 32.6 African star grass 32.7 Discussion and conclusion 33 Estimating common trends in Portuguese fisheries landings 33.1 Introduction 33.2 The time series data 33.3 MAFA and DFA 33.4 MAFA results 33.5 DFA results 33.6 Discussion 34 Common trends in demersal communities on the Newfoundland-Labrador Shelf 34.1 Introduction 34.2 Data 34.3 Time series analysis 34.4 Discussion 35 Sea level change and salt marshes in the Wadden Sea: A time series analysis 35.1 Interaction between hydrodynamical and biological factors 35.2 The data 35.3 Data exploration 35.4 Additive mixed modelling 35.5 Additive mixed modelling results 35.6 Discussion 36 Time series analysis of Hawaiian waterbirds 36.1 Introduction 36.2 Endangered Hawaiian waterbirds 36.3 Data exploration 36.4 Three ways to estimate trends 36.5 Additive mixed modelling 36.6 Sudden breakpoints 36.7 Discussion 37 Spatial modelling of forest community features in the Volzhsko-Kamsky reserve 37.1 Introduction 37.2 Study area 37.3 Data exploration 37.4 Models of boreality without spatial auto-correlation 37.5 Models of boreality with spatial auto-correlation 37.6 Conclusion References Index

Note: Contents Summary Introduction Material and Methods 2.1 Experimental Approach and Concept 2.2 Cold Chamber Experiments 2.2.1 Packed Sand Columns 2.2.2 Undisturbed Soil Monolith 2.3 Tracer Extraction and Determination of Tracer Concentrations 2.4 Digital Image Analysis 2.4.1 Photographic Recording 2.4.2 Image Analysis 2.4.3 Statistical Regression Analysis 2.5 Fluorescence Imaging 2.6 Low-Temperature SEM and X-Ray Analysis 2.7 Numerical Simulation 2.7.1 Model Description 2.7.2 Model Application 3 Results From Cold Chamber Experiments 3.1 Packed Sand Columns (Experiment I-III) 3.1.1 Infiltration Behaviour (Experiment I-III) 3.1.2 Dye Tracer Distribution (Experiment III) 3.1.3 Mass Recovery of Dye Tracers (Experiment III) 3.1.4 Vertical Distribution of Dye Tracers Determined From Large Sections (Experiment III) 3.2 Undisturbed Soil Monolith (Experiment IV) 3.2.1 Infiltration Behaviour 3.2.2 Dye Tracer Distributions 3.2.3 Mass Recovery of all Tracers Determined From Large Sections 3.2.4 Vertical Distribution of all Tracers Determined From Large Sections 4 Results From Low-Temperature SEM and X-Ray Analysis 4.1 Dry Sand and Loam 4.2 Wet Sand 4.3 Wet Loam 5 Modelling Results 5.1 Thermal Regime 5.2 Water Content Profile Before the Irrigation 5.3 Infiltration Behaviour 5.4 Water Content Profile After the Irrigation 5.5 Solute Transport 5.6 Energy Exchange at the Surface 6 Conclusions 6.1 Conclusions About the Methods 6.2 Conclusions About the Water Infiltration in Frozen Soil List of Figures List of Tables Bibliography