ALBERT

Note: Contents: 1 Global Distribution of Lakes / M. MEYBECK. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Background Material and Approaches to Global Lake Census. - 2.1 Data Used. - 2.2 Approaches to Global Lake Census. - 3 General Laws of Lake Distribution. - 3.1 Lake Density . - 3.2 Limnic Ratio. - 4 Distribution of Lakes of Tectonic Origin. - 5 Lakes of Glacial Origin. - 5.1 Lake Densities. - 5.2 Global Deglaciated Area. - 5.3 Total Number of Glacial Lakes. - 6 Fluvial Lakes. - 7 Global Distribution of Crater Lakes. - 8 Global Distribution of Saline Lakes. - 8.1 Coastal Lagoons. - 8.2 Salinized Lakes due to Evaporation. - 9 Global Lake Distribution. - 9.1 Extrapolation Approach. - 9.2 Lake Type Approach. - 9.3 Climatic Typology Approach. - 9.4 Lake Distribution in Endorheic Areas. - 9.5 Global Dissolved Salt Distribution in Lakes. - 10 Major Changes in Global Lake Distribution in the Geological Past. - 10.1 Lake Ages. - 10.2 Historical Changes. - 10.3 Postglacial Changes. - 11 Discussion and Conclusions. - References. - 2 Hydrological Processes and the Water Budget of Lakes / T. C. WINTER. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Hydrological System with Regard to Lakes. - 2.1 Interaction of Lakes with Atmospheric Water. - 2.2 Interaction of Lakes with Surface Water. - 2.3 Interaction of Lakes with Subsurface Water. - 2.4 Change in Lake Volume. - 3 Summary. - References. - 3 Hydrological and Thermal Response of Lakes to Climate: Description and Modeling / S. W. HOSTETLER. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Hydrological Response. - 3 The Hydrological Budget. - 4 Hydrological Models. - 5 Thermal Response. - 5.1 Energy Budget and Energy Budget Models. - 5.2 Models and Modeling. - 6 Use of Models to Link Lakes with Climate Change. - 7 Input Data Sets. - 8 Sample Applications. - 9 Summary. - References. - 4 Mixing Mechanisms in Lakes / D. M. IMBODEN and A. WÜEST. - 1 Transport and Mixing. - 2 Lakes as Physical Systems. - 3 Fluid Dynamics: Mathematical Description of Advection and Diffusion. - 3.1 Equations of Fluid Motion. - 3.2 Turbulence, Reynolds' Stress, and Eddy Diffusion. - 3.3 Vertical Momentum Equation. - 3.4 Nonlocal Diffusion and Transilient Mixing. - 4 Density and Stability of Water Column. - 4.1 Equation of State of Water. - 4.2 Potential Temperature and Local Vertical Stability. - 5 Energy Fluxes: Driving Forces Behind Transport and Mixing. - 5.1 Thermal Energy. - 5.2 Potential Energy. - 5.3 Kinetic Energy. - 5.4 Turbulent Kinetic Energy Balance in Stratified Water. - 5.5 Internal Turbulent Energy Fluxes: Turbulence Cascade. - 6 Mixing Processes in Lakes. - 6.1 Waves and Mixing. - 6.2 Mixing in the Surface Layer. - 6.3 Diapycnal Mixing. - 6.4 Boundary Mixing. - 6.5 Double Diffusion. - 6.6 Isopycnal Mixing. - 7 Mixing and Its Ecological Relevance. - 7.1 Time Scales of Mixing. - 7.2 Reactive Species and Patchiness. - 7.3 Mixing and Growth: The Search for an Ecological Steering Factor. - References. - 5 Stable Isotopes of Fresh and Saline Lakes / J. R. GAT. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 Isotope Separatio During Evaporation. - 2 Small-Area Lakes. - 2.1 Seasonal and Annual Changes. - 2.2 Deep Freshwater Lakes. - 2.3 Transient Surface-Water Bodies. - 3 Interactive and Feedback Systems. - 3.1 Network of Surface-Water Bodies. - 3.2 Recycling of Reevaporated Moisture into the Atmosphere. - 3.3 Large Lakes. - 3.4 Large-Area Lakes with Restricted Circulation. - 4 Saline Lakes. - 4.1 Isotope Hydrology of Large Salt Lakes. - 4.2 Ephemeral Salt Lakes and Sabkhas. - 5 Isotopie Paleolimnology. - 6 Conclusions: From Lakes to Oceans. - References. - 6 Exchange of Chemicals Between the Atmosphere and Lakes / P. VLAHOS, D. MACKAY, S. J. EISENREICH, and KC. HORNBUCKLE. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Air-Water Partitioning Equilibria. - 3 Diffusion Between Water and Air. - 4 Volatilization and Absorption: Double-Resistance Approach. - 5 Factors Affecting Mass-Transfer Coefficients. - 6 Partitioning of Chemical to Paniculate Matter in Air and Water. - 6.1 Air. - 6.2 Water. - 7 Atmospheric Deposition Processes. - 7.1 Dry Deposition. - 7.2 Wet Deposition. - 8 Specimen Calculation. - 8.1 Step 1: Physicochemical Properties. - 8.2 Step 2: Mass-Transfer Coefficients. - 8.3 Step 3: Sorption in Air and Water. - 8.4 Step 4: Equilibrium Status. - 8.5 Step 5: Volatilization and Deposition Rates. - 9 Role of Air-Water Exchange in Lake Mass Balances. - 10 Case Studies. - 10.1 Mass Balance on Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale. - 10.2 Mass Balance on Lake Superior. - 10.3 Air-Water Exchange in Green Bay, Lake Michigan. - 10.4 Air-Water Exchange in Lake Superior. - 11 Conclusions. - References. - 7 Atmospheric Depositions: Impact of Acids on Lakes / W. STUMM and J. SCHNOOR. - Abstract. - 1 Introduction: Anthropogenic Generation of Acidity. - 1.1 Genesis of Acid Precipitation. - 2 Acidity and Alkalinity: Neutralizing Capacities. - 2.1 Transfer of Acidity (or Alkalinity) from Pollution Through the Atmosphere to Ecosystems. - 3 Acidification of Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems. - 3.1 Disturbance of H+ Balance from Temporal or Spatial Decoupling of the Production and Mineralization of the Biomass. - 3.2 In Situ H+ Ion Neutralization in Lakes. - 3.3 Krug and Frink Revisited. - 4 Brønsted Acids and Lewis Acids: Pollution by Heavy Metals, as Influenced by Acidity. - 4.1 Cycling of Metals. - 4.2 Pb in Soils. - 5 Impact of Acidity on Ecology in Watersheds. - 5.1 Soils. - 5.2 Lakes. - 5.3 Nitrogen Saturation of Forests. - 6 Critical Loads. - 6.1 Critical Load Maps. - 6.2 Models for Critical Load Evaluation. - 7 Case Studies. - 7.1 Chemical Weathering of Crystalline Rocks in the Catchment Area of Acidic Ticino Lakes, Switzerland. - 7.2 Watershed Manipulation Project at Bear Brooks, Maine. - 8 Summary. - References. - 8 Redox-Driven Cycling of Trace Elements in Lakes / J. HAMILTON-TAYLOR and W. DAVISON. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Major Biogeochemical Cycles and Pathways. - 3 Iron and Manganese. - 3.1 Transformations and Cycling. - 3.2 Iron and Manganese Compounds as Carrier Phases. - 4 Sediment-Water Interface. - 4.1 Diffusive Flux from Sediments. - 4.2 Evidence of Little or No Diffusive Efflux from Sediments. - 4.3 Transient Remobilization. - 4.4 Diffusive Flux into Sediments. - 5 Pathways Involving Redox Reactions Directly: Case Studies. - 5.1 Arsenic. - 5.2 Chromium. - 5.3 239,240Pu. - 5.4 Selenium 6 Pathways Involving Redox Reactions Indirectly: Case Studies. - 6.1 137Cs. - 6.2 Stable Pb, 210Pb, and 210Po. - 6.3 Zinc. - 7 Summary and Conclusions. - References. - 9 Comparative Geochemistry of Marine Saline Lakes / F. T. MACKENZIE, S. VINK, R. WOLLAST, and L. CHOU. - 1 Introduction. - 2 General Characteristics of Marine Saline Lakes. - 3 Comparative Sediment-Pore-Water Reactions. - 3.1 Mangrove Lake, Bermuda. - 3.2 Solar Lake, Sinai. - 4 Conclusions. - References. - 10 Organic Matter Accumulation Records in Lake Sediments / P. A. MEYERS and R. ISHIWATARI. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 Significance of Organic Matter in Lake Sediments. - 1.2 Origins of Organic Matter to Lake Sediments. - 1.3 Alterations of Organic Matter During Deposition. - 1.4 Similarities and Differences Between Organic Matter in Sediments of Lakes and Oceans. - 1.5 Dating of Lake-Sediment Records. - 2 Indicators of Sources and Alterations of Total Organic Matter in Lake Sediments. - 2.1 Source Information Preserved in C/N Ratios of Sedimentary Organic Matter. - 2.2 Source Information from Carbon-Stable Isotopic Compositions. - 2.3 Source Information from Nitrogen-Stable Isotopic Compositions. - 3 Origin and Alterations of Humic Substances. - 4 Sources and Alterations of Lipid Biomarkers. - 4.1 Alteration of Lipids During Deposition. - 4.2 Changes in Sources vs Selective Diagenesis. - 4.3 Effects of Sediment Grain Size on Geolipid Compositions. - 4.4 Source Records of Alkanes in Lake Sediments. - 4.5 Preserv

Note: Pages 3-6, Introduction, Helmut Wilhelm, Walter Zürn, Hans-Georg Wenzel --- Pages 9-26, Tide-generating potential for the earth, Hans-Georg Wenzel --- Pages 27-57, Tidal response of the solid Earth, Rongjiang Wang --- Pages 59-75, Analysis of earth tide observations, Hans-Georg Wenzel --- Pages 77-94, Earth tide observations and interpretation, Walter Zürn --- Pages 95-109, The nearly-diurnal free wobble-resonance, Walter Zürn --- Pages 113-143, Ocean tides, Wilfried Zahel --- Pages 145-171, Earth tides and ocean tidal loading, Gerhard Jentzsch --- Pages 173-181, Ocean tides and earth rotation, Johannes Wünsch --- Pages 183-218, Chandler wobble and pole tide in relation to interannual atmosphere-ocean dynamics, Hans-Peter Plag --- Pages 221-246, Atmospheric tides, Hans Volland --- Pages 247-260, Long-period variations of solar irradiance, Helmut Wilhelm --- Pages 261-274, Geomagnetic tides and related phenomena, Nils Olsen --- Pages 277-291, Tides in water saturated rock, Hans-Joachim Kümpel --- Pages 293-309, Tidal triggering of earthquakes and volcanic events, Dieter Emter --- Pages 311-339, Tidal tilt modification along an active fault, Malte Westerhaus --- Pages 343-344, Satellite orbit perturbations induced by tidal forces, Peter Schwintzer --- Pages 345-377, Tides of io, Tilman Spohn --- Pages 379-380, Tidal effects in binary star systems, Gerhard Schäfer --- Pages 381-386, Tidal interactions between galaxies, Claus Möllenhoff

Note: Machine generated contents note: Preface; 1. Introduction; Part I. Fundamental Concepts: 2. Fundamental concepts and terminology; 3. Modeling and computational simulation; Part II. Code Verification: 4. Software engineering; 5. Code verification; 6. Exact solutions; Part III. Solution Verification: 7. Solution verification; 8. Discretization error; 9. Solution adaptation; Part IV. Model Validation and Prediction: 10. Model validation fundamentals; 11. Design and execution of validation experiments; 12. Model accuracy assessment; 13. Predictive capability; Part V. Planning, Management, and Implementation Issues: 14. Planning and prioritization in modeling and simulation; 15. Maturity assessment of modeling and simulation; 16. Development and responsibilities for verification, validation and uncertainty quantification; Appendix. Programming practices; Index..

Note: Cover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Dedication Page; Table of Contents; Acknowledgments; Part One: Prehistory; 1. Introduction; 2. Sex and Salesmanship; 3. Seduction and the Emotions; 4. Social Primates; Part Two: Today; 5. Testing for Talent; 6. What Do Women Want?; 7. Coalitions of the Willing; 8. The Scarcity of Charm; 9. The Tender War; Notes; References; Index.

Note: Contents: Preface. - 1. Introduction. - 1.1. Relations among Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Cloud Microphysics. - 1.2. The Correspondence Principle. - 1.3. Structure of the Book. - 2. Clouds and Their Properties. - 2.1. Cloud Classification. - 2.2. Cloud Regimes and Global Cloud Distribution. - 2.2.1. Large-Scale Condensation in Fronts and Cyclones. - 2.2.2. Sc-St Clouds and Types of Cloud-Topped Boundary Layer. - 2.2.3. Convective Cloudiness in the Intertropical Convergence Zone. - 2.2.4. Orographic Cloudiness. - 2.3. Cloud Microphysical Properties. - 2.4. Size Spectra and Moments. - 2.4.1. Inverse Power Laws. - 2.4.2. Lognormal Distributions. - 2.4.3. Algebraic Distributions. - 2.4.4. Gamma Distributions. - 2.5. Cloud Optical Properties. - Appendix A.2. Evaluation of the Integrals with Lognormal Distribution. - 3. Thermodynamic Relations. - 3.1. Thermodynamic Potentials. - 3.2. Statistical Energy Distributions. - 3.2.1. The Gibbs Distribution. - 3.2.2. The Maxwell Distribution. - 3.2.3. The Boltzmann Distribution. - 3.2.4. Bose–Einstein Statistics. - 3.2.5. Fermi–Dirac Statistics. - 3.3. Phase Rules. - 3.3.1. Bulk Phases. - 3.3.2. Systems with Curved Interfaces. - 3.4. Free Energy and Equations of State. - 3.4.1. An Ideal Gas. - 3.4.2. Free Energy and the van der Waals Equation of State for a Non-Ideal Gas. - 3.5. Thermodynamics of Solutions. - 3.6. General Phase Equilibrium Equation for Solutions. - 3.6.1. General Equilibrium Equation. - 3.6.2. The Gibbs–Duhem Relation. - 3.7. The Clausius–Clapeyron Equation. - 3.7.1. Equilibrium between Liquid and Ice Bulk Phases. - 3.7.2. Equilibrium of a Pure Water Drop with Saturated Vapor. - 3.7.3. Equilibrium of an Ice Crystal with Saturated Vapor. - 3.7.4. Humidity Variables. - 3.8. Phase Equilibrium for a Curved Interface - The Kelvin Equation. - 3.9. Solution Effects and the Köhler Equation. - 3.10. Thermodynamic Properties of Gas Mixtures and Solutions. - 3.10.1. Partial Gas Pressures in a Mixture of Gases. - 3.10.2. Equilibrium of Two Bulk Phases around a Phase Transition Point. - 3.10.3. Raoult’s Law for Solutions. - 3.10.4. Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation. - 3.10.5. Relation of Water Activity and Freezing Point Depression. - 3.11. A diabatic Processes. - 3.11.1. Dry Adiabatic Processes. - 3.11.2. Wet Adiabatic Processes. - Appendix A.3. Calculation of Integrals with the Maxwell Distribution. - 4. Properties of Water and Aqueous Solutions. - 4.1. Properties of Water at Low Temperatures and High Pressures. - 4.1.1. Forms of Water at Low Temperatures. - 4.1.2. Forms of Water at High Pressures. - 4.2. Theories of Water. - 4.3. Temperature Ranges in Clouds and Equivalence of Pressure and Solution Effects. - 4.4. Parameterizations of Water and Ice Thermodynamic Properties. - 4.4.1. Saturated Vapor Pressures. - 4.4.2. Heat Capacity of Water and Ice. - 4.4.3. Latent Heats of Phase Transitions. - 4.4.4. Surface Tension between Water and Air or Vapor. - 4.4.5. Surface Tension between Ice and Water or Solutions. - 4.4.6. Surface Tension between Ice and Air or Vapor. - 4.4.7 Density of Water. - 4.4.8. Density of Ice. - 4.5. Heat Capacity and Einstein-Debye Thermodynamic Equations of State for Ice. - 4.6. Equations of State for Ice in Terms of Gibbs Free Energy. - 4.7. Generalized Equations of State for Fluid Water. - 4.7.1. Equations of the van der Waals Type and in Terms of Helmholtz Free Energy. - 4.7.2. Equations of State Based on the Concept of the Second Critical Point. - Appendix A.4. Relations among Various Pressure Units. - 5. Diffusion and Coagulation Growth of Drops and Crystals. - 5.1. Diffusional Growth of Individual Drops. - 5.1.1. Diffusional Growth Regime. - 5.1.2. The Kinetic Regime and Kinetic Corrections to the Growth Rate. - 5.1.3. Psychrometric Correction Due to Latent Heat Release. - 5.1.4. Radius Growth Rate. - 5.1.5. Ventilation Corrections. - 5.2. Diffusional Growth of Crystals. - 5.2.1. Mass Growth Rates. - 5.2.2. Axial Growth Rates. - 5.2.3. Ventilation Corrections. - 5.3. Equations for Water and Ice Supersaturations. - 5.3.1. General Form of Equations for Fractional Water Supersaturation. - 5.3.2. Supersaturation Relaxation Times and Their Limits. - 5.3.3. E quation for Water Supersaturation in Terms of Relaxation Times. - 5.3.4. Equivalence of Various Forms of Supersaturation Equations. - 5.3.5. Equation for Fractional Ice Supersaturation. - 5.3.6. Equilibrium Supersaturations over Water and Ice. - Liquid Clouds. - Ice Clouds. - Mixed Phase Clouds. - 5.3.7. A diabatic Lapse Rates with Non zero Supersaturations. - 5.4. The Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen Process and Cloud Crystallization. - 5.5. Kinetic Equations of Condensation and Deposition in the Adiabatic Process. - 5.5.1. Derivation of the Kinetic Equations. - 5.5.2. Some Properties of Regular Condensation. - 5.5.3. Analytical Solution of the Kinetic Equations of Regular Condensation. - 5.5.4. Equation for the Integral Supersaturation. - 5.6. Kinetic Equations of Coagulation. - 5.6.1. Various Forms of the Coagulation Equation. - 5.6.2. Collection Kernels for Various Coagulation Processes. - Brownian Coagulation. - Gravitational Coagulation. - 5.7. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Equations for Multidimensional Models. - 5.8. Fast Algorithms for Microphysics Modules in Multidimensional Models. - 6. Wet Aerosol Processes. - 6.1. Introduction. - 6.1.1. Empirical Parameterizations of Hygroscopic Growth. - 6.1.2. Empirical Parameterizations of Droplet Activation. - 6.2. Equilibrium Radii. - 6.2.1. Equilibrium Radii at Subsaturation. - 6.2.2. Equilibrium Radii of Interstitial Aerosol in a Cloud. - 6.3. Critical Radius and Supersaturation. - 6.4. Aerosol Size Spectra. - 6.4.1. Lognormal and Inverse Power Law Size Spectra. - 6.4.2. Approximation of the Lognormal Size Spectra by the Inverse Power Law. - 6.4.3. Examples of the Lognormal Size Spectra, Inverse Power Law, and Power Indices. - 6.4.4. Algebraic Approximation of the Lognormal Distribution. - 6.5. Transformation of the Size Spectra of Wet Aerosol at Varying Humidity. - 6.5.1. Arbitrary Initial Spectrum of Dry Aerosol. - 6.5.2. Lognormal Initial Spectrum of Dry Aerosol. - 6.5.3. Inverse Power Law Spectrum. - 6.5.4. Algebraic Size Spectra. - 6.6. CCN Differential Supersaturation Activity Spectrum. - 6.6.1. A rbitrary Dry Aerosol Size Spectrum. - 6.6.2. Lognormal Activity Spectrum. - 6.6.3. Algebraic Activity Spectrum. - 6.7. Droplet Concentration and the Modified Power Law for Drops Activation. - 6.7.1. Lognormal and Algebraic CCN Spectra. - 6.7.2. Modified Power Law for the Drop Concentration. - 6.7.3. Supersaturation Dependence of Power Law Parameters. - Appendix A.6. Solutions of Cubic Equations for Equilibrium and Critical Radii. - 7. Activation of Cloud Condensation Nuclei into Cloud Drops. - 7.1. Introduction. - 7.2. Integral Supersaturation in Liquid Clouds with Drop Activation. - 7.3. Analytical Solutions to the Supersaturation Equation. - 7.4. Analytical Solutions for the Activation Time, Maximum Supersaturation, and Drop Concentration. - 7.5. Calculations of CCN Activation Kinetics. - 7.6. Four Analytical Limits of Solution. - 7.7. Limit #1: Small Vertical Velocity, Diffusional Growth Regime. - 7.7.1. Lower Bound. - 7.7.2. Upper Bound. - 7.7.3. Comparison with Twomey’s Power Law. - 7.8. Limit #2: Small Vertical Velocity, Kinetic Growth Regime. - 7.8.1. Lower Bound. - 7.8.2. Upper Bound. - 7.9. Limit #3: Large Vertical Velocity, Diffusional Growth Regime. - 7.9.1. Lower Bound. - 7.9.2. Upper Bound. - 7.10. Limit #4: Large Vertical Velocity, Kinetic Growth Regime. - 7.10.1. Lower Bound. - 7.10.2. Upper Bound. - 7.11. Interpolation Equations and Comparison with Exact Solutions. - Appendix A.7. Evaluation of the Integrals J2 and J3 for Four Limiting Cases. - 8. Homogeneous Nucleation. - 8.1. Metastable States and Nucleation of a New Phase. - 8.2. Nucleation Rates for Condensation and Deposition. - 8.2.1. Application of Boltzmann Statistics. - 8.2.2. The Fokker–Planck

Note: Introduction -- Citizen competence and democratic decision-making -- Data and methods -- The preference/policy link -- Policy domains and democratic responsiveness -- Interest groups and democratic responsiveness -- Parties, elections, and democratic responsiveness -- Democratic responsiveness across time -- Money and American politics..

Note: Chapter 1 Not Another Crisis! -- Chapter 2 From Abundance to Scarcity in 25 Years -- Chapter 3 Causes of Water Scarcity -- Chapter 4 Climate Change and Water -- Chapter 5 Agriculture and Water -- Chapter 6 Water, Food, and Poverty -- Chapter 7 Integrating Water Planning and Management -- Chapter 8 Water Governance for People and the Environment -- Chapter 9 Water Rights and Water Costs -- Chapter 10 Solving the World’s Water Problems

Note: Machine generated contents note:1. Introduction2. The Investible Agricultural Space3. Climate Change and Agriculture4. Agricultural Risk Management & Insurance5. Biofuels and Agriculture5b. Biofuels and the Sustainability Conundrum6. Financing the Agricultural Firm7. Farmland as an Investible Asset Class7b. Farmland7c. Land Expectation Value and Timberland Valuation8. Advanced Technologies and Agriculture9. Challenges in Agricultural Production and Natural Resources Management10. Sustainability of Agricultural Productivity Growth11. Commodity Derivative Markets11b. Trading Agricultural Commodities11c. Speculation on (Agricultural) Commodity Markets & Financialization of Commodity Price Formation12. The Global Water Challenge13. Future Agricultural Dynamics..

Note: section A. Language, ideology and powersection B. Discourse and sociocultural change -- section C. Dialectics of discourse: theoretical developments -- section D. Methodology in CDA research -- section E. Political discourse -- F. Globalisation and 'transition' -- section G. Language and education..

Note: Machine generated contents note: 1. The role of experts in international and European decision-making processes: setting the scene Monika Ambrus, Karin Arts, Ellen Hey and Helena Raulus; Part I. Theorizing Expert Involvement in International and European Decision-Making: 2. Ideas, experts and governance Peter M. Haas; 3. The politics of expertise: applying paradoxes of scientific expertise to international law Wouter G. Werner; 4. Reflections on the different roles of expertise in regulatory policy-making Lorna Schrefler; 5. The virtues of expertise Jan Klabbers; Part II. Expert Involvement in International Decision-Making in the Environmental Sphere: 6. The role of scientific expertise in multilateral environmental agreements: influence and effectiveness Steinar Andresen; 7. Changing demands at the science-policy interface: organisational learning in the IPCC Bernd Siebenhüner; 8. Global scientific assessments and environmental resource governance: towards a science-policy interface ladder Joyeeta Gupta; Part III. Experts in the WTO and Risk Regulation: 9. The structural logic of expert participation in WTO decision-making processes Jessica Lawrence; 10. Health risks, experts and decision making within the SPS Agreement and the Codex Alimentarius Alexia Herwig; 11. The role of experts in environmental and health-related trade disputes in the WTO: deconstructing decision-making processes Lukasz Gruszczynski; Part IV. Experts in Human Rights Related Decision-Making Processes: 12. Human rights experts in the United Nations: a review of the role of UN special procedures Surya P. Subedi; 13. 'Experts': the mantra of irregular migration and the reproduction of hierarchies Jeff Handmaker and Claudia Mora; 14. Private carriers as experts in immigration control Sophie Scholten and Ashley Terlouw; Part V. Experts in Decision-Making Processes of the European Union: 15. The European system of financial supervision: a technology of expertise Michelle Everson; 16. The role of experts and financial supervision in the European Union: the de Larosière Commission Karim Knio; 17. Expertise at the crossroads of national and international policy-making: a public management perspective Adriaan Schout and Jaap Sleifer; 18. Blurred areas of responsibility: European agencies' scientific 'opinions' under scrutiny E. Madalina Busuioc..

Note: Univ. of Western Australia, Diss. von D. Müller--Nedlands , Pages 1-2, Introduction --- Pages 3-10, Definitions and Nomenclature --- Pages 11-39, Tectonic settings of potassic igneous rocks --- Pages 41-64, Selected type-localities of potassic igneous rocks from the five tectonic settings --- Pages 65-84, Primary enrichment of precious metals in potassic igneous rocks --- Pages 85-134, Direct associations between potassic igneous rocks and gold-copper deposits --- Pages 135-158, Indirect associations between lamprophyres and gold-copper deposits --- Pages 159-171, Halogen contents of mineralized versus unmineralized potassic igneous rocks --- Pages 173-176, Implications for mineral exploration --- Pages 177-200, Characteristics of some gold-copper deposits associated with potassic igneous rocks

Note: CONTENTS: Foreword. - I INTRODUCTORY LECTURES. - Some Aspects of High Pressure Research / B.Vodar. - High Pressure Researches in Japan - Past and Prospects / J.Osugi. - II INVITED GENERAL LECTURES. - Recent Developments in X-Ray Diffraction Studies at High Pressure / J. C. Jamieson. - Effects of Pressure on Properties and Processability of Polymers / J. A. Sauer and K. D. Pae. - Polar and Ionic Fluids at High Pressures and Temperatures / E. U. Franck. - High-Pressure Raman Spectroscopy / E. Whalley. - III CONTRIBUTED PAPERS. - SESSION I [SOLIDS UNDER HIGH PRESSURE INCLUDING POLYMER]. - Thermal Pressures in Liquid Polymers and the Solid-Liquid Phase Line of Polyethylene and Other Similar Polymers / D. J. Pastine and R. W. Warfield. - Effect of Pressure on the Entropy of Fusion of Extended Chain Crystals of Polyethylene / M. Takayanagi, T. Kijima, K. Imada and T. Yoshizumi. - Crystallization and Melting of Polyethylene under High Pressure / Y. Maeda and H. Kanetsuna. - Crystallization of Polyethylene under Static and Shock Wave Pressure / T. Hatakeyama, T. Soma and Yoshio Tanaka. - Effect of Pressure on Crystallization of Polyethylene / K. Monobe, Y. Fujiwara and K. Tanaka. - The Formation of Extended-Chain Crystals from Solution under High Pressure and Their Morphology / S. Miyata and K. Sakaoku. - Molecular Motion of Crystalline Polymers under High Pressure / T. TakemuraTemperature and Pressure Dependences of the Grüneisen Constant of Polyethylene Crystals / T. Kijima, K. Koga, T. Yoshizumi, K. Imada and M. Takayanagi. - Effect of High Pressure on Radiation-Induced Crosslinking of Synthetic Rubbers / M. Takehisa and T. Sasuga. - Characterization of a Phenolic Polymer by Compressibility Measurements / R. W. Warfield. - High-Pressure Plastification of Thermoplastics / G. Menges and E. Doering. - Effects of High Pressure on Mechanical Behavior of Different Molecular Weight Polypropylenes / K. D. Pae, H. N. Yoon and J. A. Sauer. - Linear Compressibility of Polyester PSM-1 under High Hydrostatic Pressure / L. W. Hu and C. K. McClure. - Pressure Dependence of the Elastic Constants of Polymers / B. Hartmann. - High Pressure Mechanical Properties of Three Frozen Materials / E. R. Simonson, A. H. Jones and S. J. Green. - The Effect of Machining after Full Autofrettage / D. H. Newhall. - The Influence of Daviatoric Stress in the Compaction of Porous Metals at High Pressure / J. N. Johnson, F. H. Shipman, S. J. Green and A. H. Jones. - Sintering of TiB2 Powder and TiB2-Ni Mixed Powder under Very High Pressure / T. Watanabe and K. Kobayashi. - Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on Stress-Strain Behavior of Lithium Fluoride / N. lnoue and J. E. Hanafee. - Influence of High Hydrostatic Pressure on the Stress-Strain Relation of Some Metastable Iron Alloys / A. Oguchi, S. Yoshida and M. Otaguchi. - A Study on the Hydrostatic Extrusion of Fine Wire / M. Hayashi, M. Yokota, T. Kondo and M. Hinata. - Pressure-Induced Transition in GaP / A. Onodera, K. lshizaki, N. Kawai and I. L. Spain. - Formation and Crystal Growth of Coesite in the Presence of Water / T. Kameyama and S. Naka. - High Pressure Synthesis of New Perovskite-Like Compounds in the Systems Nd2O3-B2O3Mn2O3 ( B= Al, Cr, Ga, Fe ) / J. Chenavas, J. J. Capponi, J. C. Joubert and M. Marezio. - Allotropic Transformation of FeVO4 under High Pressure / F. Kanamaru, M. Shimada, M. Koizumi and T. Asai. - Decomposition of Spinel MgAl2O4 at Extremely High Pressure / E. Ohtani, H. Sawamoto, K. Masaki and M. Kumazawa. - Decomposition of Ilmenite under Hydrothermal Condition (Preliminary Work) / M. G. M. U. lsmail, S. Hirano and S. Somiya. - High Pressure Decomposition of γ-Fe2SiO4 / H. Sawamoto, E. Ohtani and M. Kumazawa. - Further Comments Concerning the Polymorphism under Pressure of the Disilicates of the Heavier Lanthanides (Tm, Yb, Lu): Discovery of a New Form / J. Loriers, G. Bocquillon, D. Colaitis and C. Loriers-Susse. - Stability Relation of Some Hydro-Silicate Minerals at High Pressure / Y. Hariya, T. Oba and S. Terada. - Stability of K2Si4O9 with Wadeite Type Structure / N. Kinomura, S. Kume and M. Koizumi. - High Pressure Hexagonal Form of MgSiO3 / M. Tachimori, N. Kawai and E. lto. - The Solubility of Al2O3 in Enstatite and the Phase Equilibria in the System MgSiO3-MgAl2SiO6 at High Temperature and Pressure / M. Arima, K. Onuma and K. Yagi. - High Pressure Phase Transformation in Zinc Silicates / E. Ito and Y. Matsui. - Structural Investigations on Cerium / P. H. Schaufelberger and H. Merx. - An X-Ray Study on the Structural Change of Plastically Deformed Polycrystalline Metal under Combined Hydrostatic Pressure / M. Ohnami, K. Shiozawa and A. Kamitani. - Pressure dependence of the Lattice Parameters and the electrostriction of the Ferroelectric perovskite PbTiO3 / T. lkeda, K. lnoue and A. Nakaue. - Compression of Si to 70 kbar Based on High Pressure X-Ray Diffractometry / M. Senoo, H. Mii, I. Fujishiro and T. Fujikawa. - Weak Ferromagnetism and High Pressures / J.Beille, D. Bloch and J. Voiron. - The study of structural phase transitions at High Pressure: Soft Modes in Ferroelectrics and dielectrics / G. A. Samara. - The Valence Electron-Iron Core Interaction Potential / D. J. O'Keeffe . - Pressure dependence of the Ferroelectric Transition in the Hydrogen Bonded Arsenates and their deuterated isomorphs / R. P. Lowndes, R. C. Leung, W. B. Spillman and N. E. Tornberg. - Pressure dependence of the structural phase transition temperature in SrTiO3 and KMnF3 / B. Okai and J. Yoskimoto. - The Effect of Pressure on the Antiferromagnetic transition point in CrSb / H. Yoshida, T. Kaneko, M. Ohashi,K. Kamigaki and S. Abe. - Hydrostatic pressure effects on the Curie Temperature of Ni-based alloys (Ni-V, -Cu, -Pd, -Rh and -Pt alloys) / H. Fujiwara, H. Kadomatsu and K. Ohishi. - Effect of pressure on the Magnetic Transition Temperatures of Nonstoichiometric Iron chalcogenides / K. Ozawa and S. Anzai. - Pressure dependence of the Superconducting Transiton Temperature of Th4H15 / M. Dietrich and W. Gey. - Compressibility and first order characteristics of Mott transition in NiS / S. Anzai and K. Ozawa. - Semiconductor-to-Metal and Magnetic Transitions in Pure, Co- and Cu-doped NiS2 under High Pressure / N. Mori, T. Mitsui and S. Yomo. - Low temperature phase transitions of Bismuth under High Pressure / S. Yomo, N. Mori and T. Mitsui. - Stability of γ phase formed in Fe-Mn-X Alloys under High Pressure / M. Fujita and I. Uchiyama. - Pressure-induced phase transitions in Amorphous InSb / K. Asaumi, O. Shimomura and S. Minomura. - Pressure dependence of resistance and Absorption Edge in Amorphous Se, As2S3 and As2Se3 / K. Aoki, O. Shimomura and S. Minomura. - Irreversible Compression of Glasses of the System TiO2-SiO2 by High Static Pressures / J. Arndt. - Insulator-Metal Transition in SiO2, FeO and MgO / N. Kawai and A. Nishiyama. - Volume dependence of Pauli Paramagnetism and Wave Functions in Alkali Metals / T. Kushida, J. C. Murphy and M. Hanabusa. - Effect of pressure on the Long period Structure of Alloys / Hiroshi Iwasaki. - Pressure effect on layer stacking of Intermetallic Compound Mg(Cu1-xZnx)2 / A. Nakaue, K. Inoue and T. Ikeda. - Piezo-Optic Properties of Solids at High Pressure / K. Vedam. - Raman Studies on Ice VII and VIII / W. B. Holzapfel, R. S. Hawke and K. Syassen. - I.R. and R Spectra of Simple Molecular Solids up to 15 kbar at 4.2 K / H. Vu, M. Jean-Louis, M. M. Thiery, D. Fabre, S. Avrillier and P. Khatibi. - Infrared absorption spectra of cyanid complexes of Transition Elements at Hiqh Pressure / G. Dehnicke, K. Dehnicke, H. Ahsbahs and E. Hellner. - The Changes of the Electronic State of a Mixed-Valence Compound at High Pressures - Insoluble Prussian Blue, Fe4[Fe(CN) 6]3 / Y. Hara and S. Minomura. - Phonon Softening in Lanthanum under Pressure / A. Eichler, J. Wittig and H. Wühl. - Thermal Diffusivity of KCl at High Pressures and Temperatures and Its Change Accompanied with the Phase Transition / H. Yuk

Note: Cover; Half title; Title; Copyright; Contents; Contributors; Preface; 1 Introduction; 2 Intraplate earthquakes in Australia; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Two centuries of earthquake observations in Australia; 2.2.1 Mechanism, geographic distribution, and strain rate; 2.2.2 Seismogenic depth; 2.2.3 Attenuation and scaling relations; 2.3 A long-term landscape record of large (morphogenic) earthquakes; 2.3.1 Variation in fault scarp length and vertical displacement; 2.3.2 The influence of crustal type and character on seismic activity rates; 2.4 Patterns in earthquake occurrence. , 2.5 Maximum magnitude earthquake2.5.1 Scarp length as a proxy for paleo-earthquake magnitude; 2.6 Implications for SCR analogue studies: factors important in earthquake localisation; 2.6.1 Mechanical and thermal influences; 2.6.2 Structural architectural influences; 2.7 Conclusions; Acknowledgements; 3 Intraplate seismicity in Brazil; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Earthquake catalogue; 3.3 Seismicity map; 3.4 Seismotectonic correlations; 3.4.1 Lower seismicity in Precambrian cratonic provinces; 3.4.2 Intraplate seismicity and cratonic roots; 3.4.3 Passive margin seismicity. , 3.4.4 Influence of neotectonic faults3.4.5 Flexural stresses; 3.5 Discussion and conclusions; Acknowledgments; 4 Earthquakes and geological structures of the St. Lawrence Rift System; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Historical earthquakes and their impact; 4.3 Seismic zones of the SLRS; 4.3.1 Charlevoix; 4.3.2 Lower St. Lawrence; 4.3.3 Western Quebec; 4.3.4 Background seismicity; 4.4 The St. Lawrence Rift System; 4.5 The rift hypothesis and the SLRS: discussion and conclusions; Acknowledgments; 5 Intraplate earthquakes in North China; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Tectonic background; 5.2.1 Geological history. , 5.2.2 Lithospheric structure5.2.3 Major seismogenic faults; 5.3 Active tectonics and crustal kinematics; 5.4 Strain rates and seismicity; 5.5 Seismicity; 5.5.1 Paleoseismicity; 5.5.2 Large historic events; 1303 Hongdong earthquake (M 8.0); 1556 Huaxian earthquake (M 8.3); 1668 Tancheng earthquake (M 8.5); 1679 Sanhe earthquake (M 8.0); 1695 Linfen earthquake (M 7.5-8.0); 5.5.3 Large instrumentally recorded earthquake; The 1966 Xingtai earthquake (Ms 7.2); The 1975 Haicheng earthquake (Ms 7.3); The 1976 Tangshan earthquake (Ms 7.8); 5.6 Spatiotemporal patterns of large earthquakes. , 5.6.1 Long-distance roaming of large earthquakes5.6.2 Fault coupling and interaction; 5.6.3 A conceptual model for mid-continental earthquakes; 5.7 Implications for earthquake hazards; Acknowledgements; 6 Seismogenesis of earthquakes occurring in the ancient rift basin of Kachchh, Western India; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Tectonic framework, structure, and tectonic evolution of Kachchh Rift basin; 6.2.1 Structure and tectonics; 6.2.2 Tectono-volcanic events; 6.2.3 Tectonic evolution and existing earthquake generation models of the Kachchh Rift zone. , 6.2.4 Identification of magmatic intrusive bodies.

Note: Contents: Part I. Introduction to the Theory: 1. Generalising neoclassical economics: new tools and concepts ; 2. Property rights, agency and economic organisation ; 3. Explaining the rules ; Part II. Property Rights and Economic Outcomes: 4. The economics of exclusive rights ; 5. The ownership structure of firms and equilibrium outcomes ; Part III. Explaining Economic Organisation: 6. The contractual nature of the firm ; 7. The logic of economic organisation ; Part IV. Explaining Property Rights: 8. The emergence of property rights ; 9. property rights in stateless societies ; 10. The state in neoinstitutional economics.

Note: Contents: Preface and Acknowledgments ; A Note to the Reader ; 1. A Great Discovery - And a Mistake ; 2. Symbolic Dynamics ; 3. Collisions and Other Singularities ; 4. Stability ; 5. KAM Theory ; Notes ; Bibliography ; Index

Note: Cover; Contents; List of Tables; List of Figures; Acknowledgements; List of Abbreviations/Glossary; Preface; Introduction; Chapter 1 Producing Performance; Chapter 2 Selling Performance; Chapter 3 Managing Performance Over Time; Chapter 4 Sustainability and the Performance Economy; Notes; References; Index.

Note: Preface -- Manifesto: a call to establish a legitimate, wise, powerful collective voice of the people -- Democracy is about power and the people -- Direct democracy, representative democracy, and their shadows -- Why we need public wisdom -- Public wisdom: its role, its sources and its limitations -- Citizenship and the random selection of ad hoc mini publics -- Citizen deliberative councils: their character, variety and history -- How citizen deliberative councils could and should be used -- Public empowerment, public engagement, and the role of journalism -- Polarization, transpartisanship, and public wisdom -- Wisdom councils in 100 cities; with study circles, world cafes, and open space to engage the public with the results -- Deliberation for direct democracy -- Empowered public wisdom rising from the grassroots -- A new branch of government? -- Protecting the power and integrity of public wisdom -- What role will you play? -- Appendices -- An annotated list of powerful participatory processes, with links -- Some areas for research and development..

Note: Contents: Contents: Foreword by Ed Glaeser ; 1. Introduction ; 2. Urban Economic Performance ; 3. Residential Segregation and People Sorting Within Cities ; 4. Planning for a Housing Crisis: Or the Alchemy by Which We Turn Houses into Gold ; 5. Planning and Economic Performance ; 6. Planning: Reforms that Might Work and Ones that Won’t ; 7. Devolution, City Governance and Economic Performance ; 8. Urban Policies ; 9. Conclusions ; Index

Note: Contents: Preface to the Second Edition ; Preface to the First Edition ; Introduction ; Part I: Evolution and Concepts ; 1. Evolution and Concepts ; Appendix to Chapter 1: Definitions and Data Issues ; Part II: Pre-WWII Approaches to International Investment ; Introduction to Part II 2. Marxist Approaches ; 3. Foreign Investment Within the Neoclassical Paradigm ; Part III: Modern Theories ; Introduction to Part III 4. Hymer’s Seminal Work ; 5. The Product Life Cycle and International Production ; 6. Oligopolistic Reactions and the Geographical Pattern of FDI ; 7. Currency Areas and Internationalization ; 8. Internalization and the Transnational Corporation ; 9. Dunning’s Eclectic Framework ; 10. Stages in the Internationalization Process: The Scandinavian School ; 11. Evolutionary Theories of the TNC ; 12. New Trade Theories and the Activities of TNCs ; 13. Transnational Monopoly Capitalism ; 14. Nation-states and TNCs’ Strategic Behaviour ; 15. Resources, Networks and the TNC ; Part IV: Effects ; Introduction to Part IV 16. Boundaries in the Assessment of Effects ; 17. Innovation and the TNCs ; 18. Effects on Labour ; 19. Effects on Trade ; 20. Effects on the Balance of Payments ; Reference ; Index

Note: Potsdam, Univ., Diss., 1999 , Table of Contents: Acknowledgements. - Table of Contents. - Abstract. - Kurzfassung. - List of figures. - List of tables. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Study area. - 2.1. Late Pleistocene history and Holocene transition. - 2.2. Present climate and vegetation. - 2.3. Studied lakes. - 2.3.1. Basaltsø. - 2.3.2. Lake B1. - 2.3.3. Noa Sø. - 2.3.4. Lake N1. - 2.3.5. Raffles Sø. - 3. Methods. - 4. Holocene climate history of geographical Society Ø, East Greenland - evidence from lake sediments. - 4.1. Abstract. - 4.2. Introduction. - 4.3. Geographical setting. - 4.4. Material and methods. - 4.4.1. Subbottom profiling, coring and physical properties. - 4.4.2. Grain-size and biogeochemical analyses. - 4.4.3. Palynological and analyses and radiocarbon dating. - 4.5. Lithofacies classification and interpretation. - 4.6. Climate history. - 4.6.1. Pleistocene / Holocene transition. - 4.6.2. Early Holocene. - 4.6.3. Middle Holocene. - 4.6.4. Late Holocene. - 4.7. Conclusions. - 5. Holocene climatic and oceanic changes at East Greenland - evidences from seabird affected lake sediments on Raffles Ø. - 5.1. Abstract. - 5.2. Introduction. - 5.3. Geographical setting. - 5.4. Material and methods. - 5.5. Results and discussion. - 5.5.1. Lithology and chronology. - 5.5.2. Vegetation. - 5.5.3. Biogeochemistry. - 5.5.4. Ecology of seabirds. - 5.5.5. Climatic and oceanic implications. - 5.6. Conclusions. - 6. Deglaciation and Holocene marine transgression on western Ymer Ø, East Greenland. - 6.1. Abstract. - 6.2. Introduction. - 6.3. Study area. - 6.4. Material and methods. - 6.5. Results and discussion. - 6.5.1. History of Noa Sø. - 6.5.2. History of lake N1. - 6.5.3. Holocene marine transgression. - 6.6. Conclusions. - 7. Synthesis. - 7.1 The need of a multi-disciplinary approach for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. - 7.2. Reconstruction of the Holocene environmental history of East Greenland. - References.

Note: Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; Abbreviations; Part I The Arctic Environment; 1 Introduction to the Arctic ,; Abstract; 1.1 Arctic Marine Area; 1.2 Law of the Sea in the Arctic Marine Area; 1.3 Arctic Council; 1.4 Arctic Policies of the EU and US; 1.4.1 EU Arctic Policy and Competences; 1.4.2 US Arctic Policy; 1.5 EU and US Marine Policy; 1.5.1 EU Maritime Policy; 1.5.2 US Ocean Policy; 1.6 Conclusion; References; 2 The Arctic Marine Environment; Abstract; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Arctic Environment; 2.2.1 Marine Environment; 2.2.2 Land-Based Impacts on the Marine Environment. , 2.3 Specific Threats2.3.1 Climate Change; Sea Ice Reduction; Melting Glaciers and Rising Sea Levels; Greenhouse Gas Release by Melting Permafrost; Ocean Acidification; 2.3.2 Chemicals and Air Pollution; 2.3.3 Fisheries; 2.3.4 Shipping; 2.3.5 Oil and Gas Extraction; 2.3.6 Tourism; 2.3.7 Nuclear and Radioactive Waste (Including Military Use); 2.4 Conclusion; References; 3 Environmental Governance in the Marine Arctic ,; Abstract; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Environmental Governance; 3.3 Legal and Policy Framework; 3.3.1 Global Agreements and Institutions; 3.3.2 Regional and Sub-Regional Regimes. , 3.3.3 Informal Approaches and Initiatives3.4 Analysis of Governance Shortcomings; 3.5 Perspectives on the Way Forward: Policy Pathways; 3.5.1 Principles of Environmental Governance; 3.5.2 Conclusion and Questions for Discussion; References; 4 Arctic Indigenous Peoples and the Challenge of Climate Change ,; Abstract; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Arctic Indigenous Peoples; 4.2.1 Traditional Harvesting and Mixed Economies; 4.2.2 Challenges for Indigenous Societies and Culture; 4.2.3 Political and Legal Framework; 4.2.4 Arctic Cooperation. , 4.3 Climate Change Impacts, Stressors, and Indigenous Vulnerability4.3.1 Primary Impacts on Livelihoods, Harvesting, Health, and Infrastructure; 4.3.2 Impacts on Northern Economies, Societies, Cultures and Health; 4.4 Adaptive Capacity and Proposed Responses to Climate Change; 4.4.1 The Concepts of Adaptation and Adaptive Capacity; 4.4.2 Autonomous Adaptations; 4.4.3 Adaptation Planning and Governance; 4.4.4 Barriers to Adaptation; 4.5 Criticism Towards Vulnerability and Adaptation Approaches; 4.5.1 Crisis Narrative and Resilience Language; 4.5.2 Adaptation Governance as Intervention. , 4.5.3 Using Traditional Knowledge4.6 Empowerment as a Primary Response; 4.6.1 Co-management, Participatory Capacities, and Clear Outcomes of Participatory Engagement; 4.6.2 Indigenous Rights; 4.7 Conclusion: A Holistic Response; References; Part II Impacts and Activities in the Marine Arctic; 5 Status and Reform of International Arctic Fisheries Law; Abstract; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Arctic Fish Stocks, Fisheries, and Climate Change; 5.3 International Legal and Policy Framework for Arctic Fisheries Management; 5.3.1 Interests, Rights, Obligations, and Jurisdiction. , 5.3.2 Substantive Fisheries Standards.

Note: Beitr. teilw. dt., teilw. engl.

Note: Contents: THEME II USE OF TESTS AND MONITORING IN THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF ROCK STRUCTURES = UTILISATION DES ESSAIS ET DES AUSCULTATIONS DANS LA CONCEPTION ET L'EXÉCUTION D'OUVRAGES EN ROCHER = VERWENDUNG VON VERSUCHEN UND KONTROLLMESSUNGEN IM ZUSAMMENHANG MIT DEM ENTWURF UND DER ERRICHTUNG VON FELSBAUTEN. - Plateloading tests on multi-layed sedimentary rocks = Tests de surcharge de roches sédimentaires à multi-strates = Plattenladungsversuche von geschichteten Sedimentgesteinen / K. Akai, Y. Onishi, K. Takahashi. - Verhalten von vorfabrizierten Tunnelauskleidungen beim Schildvortrieb = Behaviour of the prefabricated lining in shield driven tunnels = Le comportement du revêtement préfabriqué d'un tunnel pendant l'avancement au moyen d'un bouclier / E. Andráskay, R. Attinger. - Arch formation and pillar yield in jointed rock = Formation de voûte et déformation des piliers dans une roche disjointe = Gewölbebildung und Pfeilerleistung bei abgesondertem Gestein / J. R. Barrett, B. Grumitt, M. Wical. - A new approach to the evaluation of the strength of concrete construction contact with the rocky foundation = Une nouvelle approche à l'estimation de la résistance du contact d'une construction en béton avec la fondation en roche = Neuer Standpunkt zur Berechnung von Festigkeit des Kontaktes zwischen Betonbauwerk und Felsfundamentsohle / J. A. Baslavsky, S. A. Frid. - Die Erstellung eines Pilotstollens sowie felsmechanische Untersuchungen als Grundlage für die Projektierung und den Bau des Du Toitskloof Tunnels in Südafrika = Execution of a pilot tunnel and rock mechanics investigations as a base for design and construction of the Toitskloof Tunnel in South Africa = Exécution d'une galerie de sondage et mesure des caractéristiques méchaniques des roches comme bases de la conception et de la construction du tunnel du Toitskloof, Afrique du Sud / P. C. Bebi, K. R. Mettier. - Classement statistique de mesures sismiques et conception de barrages = Statistical classification of seismic measures and dam design = Statistische Klassifizierung des seismischen Mass und Konzeption eines Staudammes / Y. Bertrand, J. Lakshmanan, J. Rouge. - The geomechanics classification in rock engineering applications = Classification géoméchanique et son application pour l'ingénieur des roches = Geomechanische Gebirgsklassifizierung und ihre Anwendung im Felsbau / Z. T. Bieniawski. - Comparison of calculated, measured and observed stresses at the Ortfjell Open Pit (Norway) = Une comparaison sur des constraintes calculées, mesurées et observées dans l'Ortfjell fosse (Norvège) = Vergleich zwischen berechneten, gemessenen und observierten Spannungen im Ortfjell Tagebau (Norwegen) / E. Broch, B. Nilsen. - Discontinuity measurement using the borehole impression probe - a case study = Mesure des discontinuités par l'emploi du "Borehole Impression Probe" = Unregelmässigkeitsmessungen unter Verwendung der Bohrloch-Eindrucksonde - eine Fallstudie / E. T. Brown, T. R. Harper, D. V. Hinds. - Strain softening marly rock = Roche marneuse à rupture progressive = Mergelstein mit progressivem Bruch / S. Cavounidis, E. Sotiropoulos. - A modified form of aquifer depletion/recovery test for assessing potential water makes into deep excavations = Modification de l'essai Lefranc pour estimer les venues d'eau dans les fouilles profondes exécutées dans l'aquifère = Abwandlung des Pump-Versuchs zur Ermittlung möglicher Wassereinbrüche in tiefen Baugruben / A. Chalmers, G. P. Daw, R. A. Scott. - Dilatometer tests in the study of the deformability of rock masses = Les essais au dilatomètre dans l'étude de la déformabilité des massifs rocheux = Dilatometerversuche zur Bestimmung der Gebirgsverformbarkeit / J. G. Charrua-Graça. - Auscultation fine d'un glissement de terrain a l'aide d'instruments nouveaux = Precise monitoring of a landslide by means of new devices = Feinbeobachtungen an einer Rutschung mittels neuartiger Instrumente / P. J. Debreuille, J. B. Francq, P. Londe. - Etude sur les caracteristiques de la roche pour un barrage d'enrochement = Study of rock characteristic for a rockfill dam = Untersuchungen der Eigenschaften des Gesteins für einen Staudamm / R. Del Hoyo Fernandez-Gago. - L'identification des roches par l'indice de continuite = Rock identification by means of continuity index = Gesteinsidentifizierung mittels Kontinuitätsindex / A. Denis, M. Panet, C. Tourenq. - Fracture growth around openings in rock models and their effect on the design of stable openings = Observation sur modèle de la propagation de la fracturation autour des cavités en rocher: impact sur les projets réels = Risswachstum rumd um Felshohlräume im Modell und ihre Auswirkungen auf den Entwurf standsicherer Hohlräume / B. B. Dhar, B. S. Verma, S. Ratan. - Site investigations and FEM calculations for two underground caverns in Peru = Reconnaissance du site et calcul par éléments finis de deuy excavations souterraines au Pérou = Felduntersuchungen und Finite-Elemente-Rechnungen für zwei Kavernen in Peru / M. Dolezalová, K. Drozd. - Analysis of a solid inclusion in situ stress measuring device = Analyse d'un capteur de contraintes in-situ peu déformable = Analyse eines verformungsarmen in-situ-Spannungsmessgebers / M. E. Duncan Fama. - Tunnels ancres a faible profundeur etude comparative sur modeles physique et mathematique = Anchored tunnels with small overburden: comparative study on physical and mathematical models = Verankerte seichtliegende Tunnel: vergleichende Untersuchungen mittels physikalischer und mathematischer Modelle / P. Egger, C. Gindroz. - Allgemeine geotechnische Gesichtspunkte und Grenzgleichgewichtsbetrachtungen als erste Orientierung bei der Planung von Talsperren = General geotechnical considerations and limit equilibrium analysis in the planning of dam foundations = Considérations générale de la géotechnique et l'analyse d'équilibre limite dans l'évaluation de suite au sujet de la construction des barrages / E. Fecker, L. Müller, G. Reik. - Investigations of stress-strain state of structurally disturbed rock massif near underground workings = Etude de l'état de tension et de déformation du massif fragmenté des roches au voisinage des galeries minières = Untersuchung des Spannungs- und Deformationszustandes des strukturgestörten Gesteinmassives in der Nähe von Untertagebaustellen / N. A. Filatov, V. D. Belykov. - Investigations into the mechanism of the failure of concrete dams rock foundations and their stability analysis = Etudes du méchanisme de rupture des fondations rocheuses des barrages en béton et calculs de leur stabilité = Bruchmechanismusuntersuchung von Felsuntergrund der Betonstaumauern und Berechnung deren Standsicherheit / Y. A. Fishman. - Preferred orientation of underground caverns in complicated tectonic zone = Orientation optimale des cavernes souterraines dans une région à tectonique complexe = Bevorzugte Orientierung von Kavernenbauten in einem Gebiet mit komplizierter Tektonik / A. Flexer, I. Larsson, M. Braun, B. Russell, L. C. Greenwood. - Investigations of seepage flow in block media as applied to designing structures on rock = Etudes de l'écoulement de filtration dans un massif fracturé, appliquées au projet d'ouvrages dans le rocher = Untersuchung der Sickerströmung im Felskörper mit Blockgefüge in Anwendung an die Projektierung der Bauwerke im Felsgestein / E. G. Gaziev, T. N. Borovykh, V. I. Rechitski. - Measurement of rock deformation in the abutments of an arch dam = Mesure des déformations d'un massif rocheux formant l'appui d'un barage voûte = Messung der Gebirgsverformungen in den Auflagern einer Bogenmauer / S. Giudici. - Die Fundierung einer exponierten Bogenbrücke = The foundations of an arch bridge in particularly difficult conditions = Les fondations d'un pont arc dans des conditions particulièrement difficiles / J. Golser, H. Brandecker, K. Mussger. - Construction behaviour of a shallow tunnel in highly stressed sedimentary rock = Comportement d'un massif

Note: Contents: Preface. - ATLANTIC. - New transfer function for estimating past sea-surface conditions from sea-bed distribution of planktonic foraminiferal assemblages in the North Atlantic / Nilva G. Kipp. - Glacial North Atlantic 18,000 years ago: a CLIMAP reconstruction / Andrew Mclntyre and Nilva G. Kipp with Allen W. H. Bé, Thomas Crowley, Thomas Kellogg, James V. Gardner, Warren Prell, and William F. Ruddiman. - Late Quaternary climatic changes: Evidence from deep-sea cores of Norwegian and Greenland Seas / Thomas B. Kellogg. - Northeast Atlantic paleoclimatic changes over the past 600,000 years / W. F. Ruddiman and A. Mclntyre. - O18 record of the Atlantic Ocean for the entire Pleistocene Epoch / Jan van Donk. - Late Quaternary climatic record in western equatorial Atlantic sediment / Allan W. H. Bé, John E. Damuth, Leroy Lott, and Rosemary Free. - Late Pleistocene faunal and temperature patterns of the Colombia Basin, Caribbean Sea / Warren L. Prell and James D. Hays. - Responses of sea-surface temperature and circulation to global climatic change during the past 200,000 years in the eastern equatorial Atlantic Ocean / James V. Gardner and James D. Hays. - Equatorial Atlantic and Caribbean foraminiferal assemblages, temperatures, and circulation: Interglacial and glacial comparisons / Warren L. Prell, James V. Gardner, Allan W. H. Bé, and James D. Hays. - Corresponding patterns of contemporary pollen and vegetation in central North America / T. Webb III and J. H. McAndrews. - ANTARCTIC. - Relationship of radiolarian assemblages to sediment types and physical oceanography in the Atlantic and western Indian Ocean sectors of the Antarctic Ocean / Jose A. Lozano and James D. Hays. - Reconstruction of the Atlantic and western Indian Ocean sectors of the 18,000 B.P. Antarctic Ocean / James D. Hays, Jose A. Lozano, Nicholas Shackleton, and Grace Irving. - PACIFIC. - Late Quaternary sediment of the Panama Basin: Sedimentation rates, periodicities, and controls of carbonate and opal accumulation / Nicklas G. Pisias. - Late Quaternary accumulation rates of opal, quartz, organic carbon, and calcium carbonate in the Cascadia Basin area, northeast Pacific / G. Ross Heath, Ted C. Moore, Jr., and J. Paul Dauphin. - Glacial advance in the Gulf of Alaska area implied by ice-rafted material / Roland von Huene, Jim Crouch, and Edwin Larson. - Modern Pacific coccolith assemblages: Derivation and application to late Pleistocene paleotemperature analysis / Kurt R. Geitzenauer, Michael B. Roche, and Andrew Mclntyre. - Oxygen-isotope and paleomagnetic stratigraphy of Pacific core V28-239 late Pliocene to latest Pleistocene / N. J. Shackleton and N. D. Opdyke.

Note: Contents: 1 The Computing Sciences ; 2 The Relational Approach ; 3 Implementation ; 4 Interaction ; 5 Relational Macrostructures and Analyses ; 6 Computing as a Great Scientific Domain ; 7 Conclusion

Note: Vulnerable Systems; Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; Abbreviations; 1 Introduction and Definition of Key Terms; 2 Properties of Critical Infrastructures; 3 Challenges to Methods for the Vulnerability Analysis of Critical Infrastructures; 4 Basic Approaches; 5 Conceptual Frameworks for Vulnerability Assessment; 6 Methods of Analysis; 7 Concluding Considerations;.

Note: Introduction -- Part I. Environmental thought and action: introduction; environmental philosophy; green ideology; environmental movements -- Part II. The background to environmental policy making: introduction; rationality and power in environmental decision making; choosing the means; valuation of the environment -- Part III. Multi-level environmental governance: from global to local: introduction; greening global governance; European integration; constructing the green state; local democracy and local authorities..

Note: Contents: Part 1: Introduction ; The Global Adaptation Community Expands Its Scope ; Part 2: Urban Risk and Assessing Vulnerability at the Local Level ; Introduction: Urban Risk and Assessing Vulnerability at the Local Level ; A Region at Risk: Policy Determination Through Vulnerability Hotspot Assessment ; Developing a Framework for Assessing Coastal Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise in Southern New England, USA ; Quantifying Impacts of Potential Sea-Level Rise Scenarios on Irish Coastal Cities ; Mapping Risk and Vulnerability in São Paulo Metropolitan Region ; Water Crisis: Public Management of a Critical Situation ; Environmental Assessment and Restoration of Typhoon Morakot Disaster: A Case Study in Kaohsiung, Chinese Taipei ; Flood Risk Protection Concept for the Urban Region Geising/Altenberg in the Flood Formation Area of the Eastern Ore Mountains, Germany ; Part 3: Toward the Resilient City ; Introduction: Toward the Resilient City ; Water, Energy and Food Security in Mexico City ; Nature at the Heart of Urban Design for Resilience ; Smart City: Energy Efficiency in a New Scope ; Resilient Food Systems for Resilient Cities ; Urban Agriculture Casablanca ; Adapting Cities to Climate Change: Scenarios for Urban Neighbourhoods in the City of Essen ; Combining Urban Development with Climate Change Adaptation Using a Systems Approach ; Towards Resilient Architecture ; Towards More Resilient Water Infrastructures ; Building ‘Equitable’ Urban Resilience: The Challenge for Cities ; Climate Change and the Urban Poor: Support of the German Development Cooperation to a City in Bangladesh ; The Green Infrastructure Transect: An Organizational Framework for Mainstreaming Adaptation Planning Policies ; Part 4: Frameworks for Local Response to Climate Change: Challenges and Recommendations ; Introduction: Framework for Local Responses to Climate Change: Challenges and Recommendations ; Building Resilience in Asian Cities ; A Science-Policy Approach Towards Local Adaptation Planning: The Case of Santiago de Chile ; Participatory Action Adaptation: Tools for Increasing Climate Change Capacity and Preparedness at the Local Government Level ; Knowledge and Information for Resilient Cities ; Climate Change Guidelines for Urban Planning in the Basque Country ; Integrated Roadmapping to Shape Adaptation Processes in Metropolitan Areas ; The Significance of Adaptation Framing in Local and Regional Climate Change Adaptation Initiatives in Australia ; Decision-Making Frameworks for Adaptation to Extremes in Two Local Government Areas: Comparing and Contrasting India and Australia ; Urban Climate Governance in the Philippines, Mexico and South Africa: National- and State-Level Laws and Policies ; Space for Adapting: Reconciling Adaptation and Mitigation in Local Climate Change Plans ; The Early Experiences of Local Climate Change Adaptation in Norway Compared with That of Local Agenda 21 ; Climate Change Adaptation Plan of Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ; Integrated Climate Action: Linking Mitigation and Adaptation to Make Indonesian Cities Resilient ; Enhancing the Climate Change Adaptation Capabilities of Local Governments in Korea: Supporting Programs for Local Adaptation Plan ; Reality Check: Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam ; Part 5: Financing the Resilient City ; Introduction: Financing the Resilient City ; A Demand-Driven Approach to Development, Disaster Risk Reduction, and Climate Adaptation ; Smarter Interventions in an Age of Uncertainty ; Linking Resilience and Green Growth: How Green Business Can Contribute to More Resilient Cities in India ; Green Areas Inner-City Agreement (GAIA): How Local Enterprises Can Contribute to Local Adaptation to Climate Change ; Financing Climate Change Adaptation: The Copenhagen Case ; Challenges on the Way to Financing Urban Climate Change Adaptation