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  • thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues  (383)
  • thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general  (312)
  • bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues  (255)
  • English  (947)
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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent years, the fascination with shape memory alloys (SMAs) has grown across industries such as aerospace, automotive, naval, civil, and biology. SMAs possess unique properties, including the ability to recover from deformation when heated, exhibit pseudoelastic stress-strain behavior for large deformations, and exceptional biocompatibility for bioengineering applications. However, a comprehensive understanding of critical characteristics like transformation temperature and stress values is necessary to fully utilize SMAs. The shape memory effect, where SMAs regain their original shape after deformation under specific thermal conditions, has driven innovative applications in various sectors. In aerospace, SMAs are used in wing structures and actuation systems, enabling morphing and improving aerodynamics. In healthcare, they are integrated into orthopedic devices, simplifying surgical procedures and providing necessary support. The automotive industry also benefits from SMAs, using them in seatbelts and vibration damping systems for enhanced safety and comfort. Accurate knowledge of critical characteristics is essential for effective utilization of SMAs, unlocking their potential in different fields. The remarkable versatility of SMAs, with their deformation recovery, pseudoelasticity, and biocompatibility, positions them as a material of immense interest. As research and development continue, SMAs are poised to drive future innovations, shaping various industries.
    Keywords: shape memory alloy (SMAs) ; shape memory effect (SME) ; superelasticity ; smart materials ; constitutive models ; simulation and modeling ; smart devices ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Mg alloy is the lightest metallic structural material and possesses the advantages of high specific strength, high specific stiffness, good electromagnetism shield, good damping capacity, good machinability, and easy recycling, etc. Therefore, it has extremely broad application prospects and has drawn considerable interest in the fields of automobile, electronics, electrical appliances, transportation, aerospace, and aviation. In addition, Mg alloys are gradually showing application potential in emerging industries, serving as biodegradable metals in the biomedical field, functional material for hydrogen storage, and so on. This Special Issue (SI), entitled “Research Progress in High-Performance Magnesium Alloy and Its Applications”, presents recent developments and excellent results in the field of Mg alloys, and includes 10 articles and one editorial covering some interesting aspects of the topic.
    Keywords: grain refinement ; high strength and toughness ; {10–12} twin ; Mg-Gd-Y alloy ; multidirectional impact forging ; Mg-Zn-Mn-Ca ; Ca2Mg6Zn3 phase ; corrosion behaviors ; SKPFM ; boride ; MgB2 ; mechanical alloying ; ignition ; combustion ; flame temperature ; magnesium alloy ; biocompatibility ; surface coating modification ; corrosion resistance ; implantable bio-metal materials ; filler material ; welding ; scandium ; microstructure modification ; mechanical properties ; microstructure ; texture ; stretch formability ; high temperature cross-rolling ; annealing ; wire arc additive manufacturing ; cold metal transfer ; Al-Mg alloys ; orthogonal experiment ; Mg-Bi-Ca alloy ; hot deformation ; constitutive model ; dynamic recrystallization kinetics ; Mg alloy ; twinning ; random orientation ; compression ; room temperature ; backward extrusion ; tensile strength ; failure mechanism ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This Reprint Book provides recent studies addressing encapsulation systems for active compounds (e.g., drugs and food ingredients) to improve the quality of life around the world. The content may be helpful for the colleagues and students working on encapsulation of active compounds.
    Keywords: carboxymethyl chitosan ; mangosteen ; deodorant ; skin moisturizing ; trans-2-nonenal ; accelerated stability test ; guava ; carotenoids ; microencapsulation ; mucilage ; spray-drying ; aloe vera ; Opuntia ficus-indica ; ar-turmerone ; polymeric nanoparticles ; anticancer activity ; release study ; biodegradable polymers ; apple fiber ; trehalose ; sucrose ; blackberry phenolics ; blackberry volatiles ; starch ; Bisphenol A ; Moringa leaf extract ; encapsulating Moringa leaf extract ; nanoparticles ; alginate ; chitosan ; Ib-M peptides ; E. coli ; peptide stability ; polyethylene glycol methacrylate ; oregano ; phenolic compounds ; nanoencapsulation ; bioaccessibility ; curcumin ; zebrafish embryogenesis ; oxidative stress ; neuroprotection ; PCL nanoparticles ; paraquat ; grafted microparticles ; sodium hyaluronate ; crosslinked microparticles ; metronidazole adsorption ; adsorption isotherm ; adsorption kinetics ; metronidazole release ; polyelectrolyte ; complex coacervate ; polyamine ; stimulus-responsive materials ; controlled release ; encapsulation ; hybrids ; clay ; sodium alginate ; rosemary essential oil ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Papers collected in the present Special Issue relate to the field of sericulture. They cover different aspects based on a very ancient human agricultural activity, taking into consideration classical agronomic aspects, such as the impact of feeding on silk quality and sericulture in different parts of the world. Nonetheless, cutting edge topics are addressed as well, with papers studying silk as a biomaterial, the silkworm as a model organism, and the possibility of exploring its physiology and the molecular mechanisms that stand behind it with the aid of modern tools such as gene profiling, the CRISPR/Cas-9 system, and -omics sciences.
    Keywords: silkworm ; Bombyx mori ; transcriptome analysis ; RNA-seq ; gene model transcriptional factor ; Cutibacterium acnes ; infection ; antibacterial drugs ; polyamines ; cell cycle progression ; Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus ; sequencing analysis ; qPCR ; pathogenicity difference ; maternal mRNAs ; 20-hydroxyecdysone ; pupa ; wandering ; fibroin ; sericin ; chrysalis ; diabetes ; hydrogen sulfide ; transcriptome ; differentially expressed genes ; expression pattern ; silk ; supercritical carbon dioxide impregnation ; nanofiller ; CRISPR-Cas ; silkworms ; genome engineering ; insect biotechnology ; entomology ; sericulture ; agroindustry ; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ; mulberry ; moriculture ; germplasm preservation ; 16S rRNA gene ; amplicon sequencing ; gut microbiota ; co-expression network analysis ; silk protein ; transcription factor ; Eri silkworm ; pentose-utilizing microbe ; lactic acid bacteria ; probiotic ; Eri culture ; silk fibroin ; SILKBridge® nerve conduit ; performance testing ; biocompatibility ; toxicology ; regulatory requirements ; quality requirements ; control manufacturing ; green material ; biomaterial ; 3D scaffolds ; cancer therapy ; bibliometric analysis ; mulberry silkworm pupae ; nutritional composition ; silk gland ; infection model ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; insect immune response ; antimicrobial compounds ; glycopeptide antibiotics ; vancomycin ; teicoplanin ; dalbavancin ; mulberry leaves ; chemical composition ; feeding experiment ; bacterial microbiome ; BmNPV ; Bombyx mori L. ; non-timber forest product ; livelihood ; Indonesia ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This reprint focuses on both advanced metals and their alloys and the areas of physical and process metallurgy, materials science, and processing techniques. Specific areas of interest also include titanium/nickel-based superalloys, intermetallics, advanced metallic materials, nanomaterials, metal matrix composites, functional materials, related synthesis and processing techniques, finite element modelling, statistical analysis, physical/mechanical property characterization, experimental validation, and other relevant phenomena. Physical metallurgy is important in the design and optimization of advanced materials with superior physical and mechanical properties through microstructural modifications and processing techniques. The goal of reprint was to bring together recent progress, novel technologies, and advanced equipment for the design and development of advanced metals and alloys and provide guidelines/benchmarks for further research in related areas. Composites, intermetallics, and nanomaterials as well as functional materials will be also included. Some of the recent advances in the field of advanced metals and alloys include novel material processing techniques, manufacturing methods and theories, microstructural characterization, modelling development, and advanced equipment. Conventional and nonconventional processes related to machining, forming, laser processing, additive/subtractive manufacturing, surface modification, and the solidification of high-performance alloys/metals are also included.
    Keywords: Fe-rich Al–Si alloy ; β-Al5FeSi phase ; cooling rate ; melt spinning ; microstructure ; strengthening mechanisms ; Zn-Mg-Ti alloy ; biodegradable metals ; mechanical properties ; cytotoxicity ; Fe-B-W alloy ; manganese ; aluminum ; molten zinc ; microanalysis ; corrosion ; hydrogenated–dehydrogenated titanium powder ; laser directed energy deposition ; mechanical property ; radio frequency plasma technique ; high entropy alloy ; bulk metallic glass ; similar element substitution/addition ; glass forming ability ; lattice distortion ; sapphire ; surface metallization ; deposition mechanism ; wettability ; low-temperature joining ; silver alloy bonding wire ; bonding strength ; vulcanization resistance ; cathodic passivation ; Mg–Nd alloy ; precipitate ; eutectic growth ; modelling and simulation ; recrystallization ; microstructure-property characterization simulation and modeling ; heat treatment and surface treatment ; TC4 alloy ; EBCHM ; aging treatment ; glass-forming ability ; corrosion behavior ; amorphous alloy ; phase transformation ; mechanical behavior ; corrosion wear resistance ; gear grinding ; white layer ; grinding temperature ; surface integrity ; AlSi10Mg alloy ; friction stir processing ; grain boundary ; texture ; dynamic recrystallization ; silver wire ; wire bonding ; chloride ions ; ion migration ; galvanic corrosion ; Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloys ; grain size ; solution treatment ; microalloying ; microstructural evolution ; laser-powder bed fusion ; MgAl2O4 ; TiB2 ; metallothermic reduction ; SHS powder metallurgy ; combustion wave propagation ; HSLA steel ; microstructural characterization ; laser welding ; thick plate ; corrosion resistance ; high entropy alloys ; lightweight ; magnesium alloys ; ultrasound treatment ; solution ; aging ; Mg17Al12 ; converter ; vortex ; flow field analysis ; numerical simulation ; steel ball ; skew rolling ; cold forming ; stainless steel ; copper–scandium CuSc ; copper alloy ; differential scanning calorimetry DSC ; precipitation kinetics ; cold-working ; cold-rolling ; activation energy ; Kissinger method ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This Special Issue covers manufacturing of a smart polymer composites via choice of ingredients, such as polymer, filler, and additives, as well as their unique composition. It also covers the smart processing of polymer composites, which is influenced by the choice of mixers, processing condition, processing technique, etc.
    Keywords: thermoplastic polyurethane ; expanded bead ; supercritical CO2 foaming ; expansion ratio ; resilience ; hardness ; poly(lactic acid) ; lignin ; maleic anhydride ; chemical modification ; 3D printing filament ; SEBS ; membrane ; water uptake ; impedance spectroscopy ; ionic conductivity ; phlogopite ; natural rubber (NR) ; ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM) ; mechanical properties ; compatibility ; nylon 6 ; polyketone ; chain extender ; hydrogen bonding ; chain branching ; chain crosslinking ; melt viscosity ; shape memory polymer ; NIR light responsive ; semicrystalline maleated polyolefin elastomer ; polyaniline ; melt blending ; adhesive ; fluorosilicone ; thermal conductivity ; magnesium oxide ; boron nitride ; syntactic foams ; hyperbranched polymer ; polyamide 6 ; hollow glass microsphere ; lubricant ; compatibilizer ; composites ; silica ; silane ; hydrolysis ; interfacial adhesion ; zinc mechanism ; hybrid flame retardant materials ; influence of gypsum ; minimum total heat release ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Supply Chain 4.0 is designed, planned, managed and optimized using Industry 4.0 technologies. There are many research issues and challenges associated with Supply Chain 4.0, a data rich complex system. The available data can interpret what happened in the past, what is currently happening, what will happen in the future and what are the best actionable decisions. Digitalization, visibility, connectivity and interoperability are integrated in Supply Chain 4.0. The operational, tactical and strategic plans across the supply chain are digitally interlinked and real-time synchronized with a 360-degree view. The win–win partnerships are dynamic and sustainable, with agility, flexibility and responsiveness to uncertain business environments. New models and methods are advocated to implement Supply Chain 4.0 research and development. With the progress and implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies, it is anticipated that there will be more and more breakthroughs in the models and methods of Supply Chain 4.0. This Special Issue will serve as a helpful reference for Supply Chain 4.0 researchers and practitioners.
    Keywords: Industry 4.0 ; supply chain management and optimization ; Supply Chain 4.0 ; supply chain analytics ; supply chain visibility and connectivity ; supply chain synchronization and coordination ; sustainable supply chain management&nbsp ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 8
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    RAND Corporation
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This report discusses the information revolution in the Asia-Pacific region and its likely course over the next five to ten years. Key questions addressed in this report include the extent to which the information revolution has taken hold of markets in this region, the political implications of the information revolution for Asian governments, the variations between individual countries, and the prospects for further information-technology-related developments in the region.
    Keywords: Technology ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZM Information architecture ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Introducing “A Feasible Approach for Natural Products to Treatment of Diseases”–an exploration of the therapeutic potential locked within nature’s abundant offerings. This comprehensive reprint delves into the fascinating realm of natural products, uncovering their inherent properties, mechanisms of action, and potential roles in effective disease management. Through extensive scientific research and reviews, the authors shed light on the immense potential of natural products as a viable approach to enhancing health and combating diseases. This reprint presents a diverse and multidimensional exploration, bridging the gap between traditional wisdom and contemporary scientific understanding and offering new avenues for healthcare professionals, researchers, and enthusiasts to harness the power of nature’s remarkable resources. As a catalyst for unlocking the healing potential of natural products, this reprint inspires further investigation and innovation, and drives us towards a future where their integration into mainstream healthcare becomes indispensable. Discover the possibilities and embark on a health and well-being journey with “A Feasible Approach for Natural Products to Treatment of Diseases”.
    Keywords: cancer immunotherapy ; fructan ; FT-IR ; mass spectrometry ; young green barley ; COVID-19 ; β-glucans ; immunomodulation ; anti-inflammation ; anti-oxidant ; ACE2 regulation ; impedance ; ECIS ; antitumor activity ; anticancer properties ; betulin ; betulinic acid ; Amadori rearrangement compounds ; barley ; anti-obesity ; arginyl-fructose ; adipogenic ; ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraenol (ERGT) ; cholesta-5,7,22,24-tetraenol (CHT) ; ergosterol biosynthesis ; antimetabolite ; suicide substrate ; Trypanosoma brucei ; coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 ; main protease ; Saussurea costus ; molecular docking ; GC-MS profiling ; Molineria recurvata ; diabetic nephropathy ; urinary biomarkers ; inflammation ; oxidative stress ; walnut ; Juglans regia ; high-fat diet ; insulin resistance ; cognitive function ; JNK/NFκB pathway ; Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium ; flavonoids ; anticancer ; mechanism ; phenotype ; Angelica sinensis polysaccharide ; Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide ; hexokinase 2 ; glycolysis ; JAK2/STAT3 pathway ; liver regeneration ; Holoptelea integrifolia ; MMP-9 ; wound healing ; friedelin ; oxalactam A ; macrolactam ; anti-Rhizoctonia solani ; Penicillium oxalicum ; molecular dynamics ; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ; natural products ; terpenoids ; mechanisms ; treatment ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: In recent years, inorganic oxidic nanomaterials have been extensively investigated for their outstanding properties that allow their use within a large variety of raising fields of interest, ranging from (photo)catalysis to the development of functional nanocomposites. Nanoscopic metal (eventually mixed) oxides are often fabricated following soft-chemistry approaches, characterized by the possibility of favouring specific morphologies, particles dimensions, and surface porosities through different synthetic methods and templating processes. In this context, surface functionalities and reactivity play a major role in the determination of nanomaterials final properties. For this reason, further surface functionalization with specific chemical moieties is often recommended to extend their field of application. This Special Issue, now edited as a book, aimed at extending the comprehension of the mechanisms involved in the synthesis and templating of inorganic oxidic nanomaterials, as well as in their surface functionalization and reactivity. Additionally, this Special Issue aimed at increasing the knowledge on the latest advances of these systems in (photo)catalysis, environmental clean-up processes, energy storage, controlled transport and/or release, biomedicine, sensing, development of smart-materials, stimuli-responsive materials, and nanocomposites. Nanomaterials of interest included: silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, zinc oxide, aluminosilicates, iron oxides, perovskites and titanates, rare earth oxides, and composites. Furthermore, particular attention was dedicated toward studies describing alternative ecofriendly preparation methods.
    Keywords: alumino-silicates ; biomedicine ; ceramics ; clays ; inorganic chemistry ; environmental remediation ; nanomaterials ; porous materials ; mesoporous material ; zero-valent-iron nanoparticles ; methylene blue adsorption ; metal–organic framework ; iridium oxide ; nanostructuration ; IrO2 applications ; IrO2 synthesis ; OER ; C3N4 ; ZnO ; heterojunction ; photocatalyst ; metal oxide nanocomposites ; microstructural analysis ; electrospinning ; polymer substrate ; photodegradation ; LSA 99Mo ; thermodynamic parameters ; solid-phase extraction ; isotherm ; metal oxides NPs ; Ni-Fe-TiO2 nanocomposite ; microstructure ; biocompatibility ; endodontic file ; graphitic carbon nitride ; photocatalysts ; g-C3N4/ZnO ; visible light ; photocatalytic degradation ; inorganic coatings ; functional coatings ; stimuli-responsive polymers ; sol–gel ; antimicrobial ; wear-resistance ; photo-catalytic activity ; UV protection ; calcium oxide-doped carbon nitride nanostructures ; basic fuchsine ; elimination mechanism ; π-π stacking ; magnetic nanoparticles ; magnetite ; solvothermal synthesis ; waste valorization ; green chemistry ; advanced oxidation processes ; experimental protocols ; heterogeneous catalysis ; inorganic thermal activation ; organic pollutants ; perovskites ; physico-chemical characterization ; solution combustion synthesis ; strontium ferrates ; water treatment ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNK Inorganic chemistry
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The sustainability of water resources worldwide is increasingly imperiled as climate change contributes to the human-induced problems of water supply scarcity and maldistribution. Environmental problems associated with water quality, such as aquifer depletion, land subsidence, the seasonal drying of river flows, waterlogging, the salinization of rivers and groundwater, and human health problems from the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides will require a radical re-thinking of resource-management policy and new tools to help analysts and regulators craft novel solutions. Over the past several decades, with the advent and rapid progress of computational technology, watershed models have increasingly become important and effective tools for tackling a wide range of water resource and environmental management issues and for supporting regulatory compliance. Statistical and machine-learning methods are being used to support and even supplant more traditional simulation models to improve the estimation of the temporal dynamics and patterns of variability in pollutant concentrations and loads. With the advancements in modeling approaches for water quality, there have also been developments in decision-support tools for water quality management. This reprint describes innovative decision-support approaches from around the world and across sectors that can be applied by stakeholders, government entities, and regulators to reduce environmental pollution and result in cost-effective and sustainable water management strategies.
    Keywords: tree-ring ; flow reconstruction ; pre-development ; estuarine salinity ; salinity intrusion ; water quality forecasting ; decision support ; WARMF ; regression model ; salinity ; irrigated agriculture ; stakeholder involvement ; stream water quality ; CART ; ID3 ; random forest ; bagging ; boosting ; extremely random trees ; Gradient Boosting ; land use factor ; Decision Support System ; water quality forecast ; MLP neural network ; Daubechies 5 wavelet ; long short-term memory network ; hybrid model ; decomposition-and-ensemble ; CE-QUAL-W2 ; EDSS ; SaaS ; irrigation ; agriculture ; policy ; water ; economics ; model ; conservation practices ; decision making ; nutrients ; sediment ; targeting ; water quality ; chemical footprint ; emerging contaminants ; endocrine-disrupting compounds ; footprint calculator ; personal care products ; remote sensing ; geographical information systems ; watershed management ; ambient monitoring ; data collection ; San Joaquin River ; decision support system ; assimilative capacity ; real-time management economics ; drinking water quality ; operational decision-making ; real-time monitoring ; Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Describes a framework to guide assessments of the availability of data regarding U.S. anti- and counterterrorism systems, countermeasures, and defenses for planning attacks on the U.S. air, rail, and sea transportation infrastructure. Overall, the framework is useful for assessing what kind of information would be easy or hard for potential attackers to find.
    Keywords: Technology ; Transportation Studies ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WG Transport: general interest
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  • 13
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2023-09-12
    Description: Transition Engineering: Building a Sustainable Future examines new strategies emerging in response to the mega-issues of global climate change, decline in world oil supply, scarcity of key industrial minerals, and local environmental constraints. These issues pose challenges for organizations, businesses, and communities, and engineers will need to begin developing ideas and projects to implement the transition of engineered systems. This work presents a methodology for shifting away from unsustainable activities. Teaching the Transition Engineering approach and methodology is the focus of the text, and the concept is presented in a way that engineers can begin applying it in their work.
    Keywords: building life-cycle cost analysis;energy policies;environmental costs;global climate change;input-output analysis;local environmental constraints;resource management;sustainability;transition engineering;world oil supply ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNK Conservation of the environment ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RP Regional & area planning::RPC Urban & municipal planning ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGB Mechanical engineering
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The ongoing deployment of 5G networks is a key enabler for realizing upcoming services at scale, including the massive deployment of the Internet of Things, providing communications to support autonomous vehicles, and supporting the realization of smart cities. However, as the limitations of existing approaches become apparent, the need for next-generation technologies is growing, in terms of improving spectral efficiency, increasing network data rates and densification, supporting local/wide area wireless coordination, and more. In this Special Issue, we present some technologies to meet these demanding requirements and facilitate coordinating wireless networks to support future Beyond 5G networks.
    Keywords: 5G fiber optic networks ; data-driven service assurance ; next generation networks ; predictive analytics ; live-video delivery ; 5G networks ; virtualized content delivery networks ; network function virtualization ; service function chain deployment ; deep reinforcement learning ; MAC classification ; vehicular networks ; VANETs ; distributed MAC ; centralized MAC ; multi-channel MAC ; single-channel MAC ; spectrum allocation ; private 5G ; mmWave RAN ; modulation and coding schemes ; spectral efficiency ; self-organization ; self-optimization ; self-healing ; SON applications and architecture ; SON design and dimensioning ; machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) for SON ; massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC) ; IoT ; URLLC ; backhauling ; SON for 3G/4G ; 5G and B5G networks ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Processing and Conversion of Oil and Gas: Modeling, Control, Simulation, and Optimization describes the core of the activity of petrochemical engineers, process controller engineers, industrial engineers, energy engineers, and researchers in the oil and gas field. This reprint explores the modeling, control, simulation, and optimization of new and revamped petrochemical processes using proven software. Thus, it offers novel illustrative examples, prospective applications, and solutions to improve these processes. This reprint aims to combine theoretical principles with examples modeled by commonly used simulation software employing steady-state or dynamic process simulation. Furthermore, applying numerical methods and optimization at both the theoretical and practical levels is within the scope of this reprint.
    Keywords: jet stability ; swirl ; twist ; dominant mode ; Brassica Napus ; fatty acid methyl esters ; 2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol ; viscosity ; batch reactor ; kinetics ; self-excited oscillation pulse jet ; nozzle ; large eddy simulation ; peak velocity ; cavitation number ; coal tar ; wash oil ; nitrogen-containing compounds ; indole ; formamide equilibrium extraction ; price bubbles ; bubble length ; petroleum products ; GSADF ; Pakistan ; pipeline safety ; risk classification ; pipeline failure ; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process ; pipeline risk assessment ; shale gas pipelines ; pressure gradient ; gas–liquid two-phase flow ; flow patterns ; Generalized Additive Model ; dimensionless numbers ; discrete element method ; optimal design ; simulation analysis ; anti-corrosion pill particles ; butyl acetate ; acetic acid ; n-butanol ; esterification ; membrane reactor ; reactive distillation ; amberlyst-15 catalyst ; energy efficiency ; economic evaluation ; methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) ; acetone self-condensation ; selective hydrogenation ; process development ; heat integration ; economic analysis ; nano-Pd/nano-ZnCr2O4 catalyst ; dimethyl carbonate ; dimethyl oxalate ; oxidative carbonylation ; azeotropic distillation ; profitability analysis ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 16
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The Special Issue “Demand Response in Smart Grids” includes 11 papers on a variety of topics. The success of this Special Issue demonstrates the relevance of demand response programs and events in the operation of power and energy systems at both the distribution level and at the wide power system level. This reprint addresses the design, implementation, and operation of demand response programs, with focus on methods and techniques to achieve an optimized operation as well as on the electricity consumer.
    Keywords: demand response ; population evolution ; irrational behavior ; Markov state ; non-cooperative game ; solid electric thermal storage ; cyber–physical model ; K-means ; support vector machine ; neural network ; data analysis ; demand response (DR), load profile clustering ; k-means ; targeting of customer ; aggregator ; ramp period ; real-time simulation ; multi-objective optimization ; social welfare metrics ; energy allocation ; load disaggregation ; percentage total harmonic distortion and non-intrusive identification of load pattern ; charging strategy ; optimization ; electricity pricing ; electric vehicle ; flexibility ; flexibility market ; home energy management system ; energy flexibility ; industrial energy management ; demand side management ; control approaches ; energy management ; optimization method ; objective function ; control constraints ; Demand Response ; dynamic thermal rating ; hosting capacity ; transformer ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 17
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The diversity of wood and non-wood forest products is enormous and reflected in their anatomical, physical and chemical properties as well as their potential applications. Special attention should be given to lesser-known species and even to invasive species, which may be profitable when properly managed, thereby decreasing the overexploitation of threatened species. Besides the market importance of stem wood, other tree components and non-wood forest products, often regarded simply as forest residual materials, are valuable forest resources with various potential applications that can strengthen the circular economy. Assessing the characteristics of these diverse materials, such as their structure and anatomy as well as their physical and chemical properties, is fundamental for evaluating their potential and increasing high-quality end-uses. This knowledge will also contribute to sustainable forest management with enhanced forest diversity and species conservation in addition to the reinforcement of certification and environmental policies.
    Keywords: Calamus zollingeri ; Calamus ornatus ; dynamic vapor sorption ; basic density ; volumetric swelling ; white rot ; mold ; Quercus suber L. ; seasonal variation ; cuticular waxes ; leaves ; new species ; morphology ; wood ; properties ; chemical composition ; spectroscopy ; chemometrics ; unconventional species ; Quercus suber ; cork borer ; cork ; phenolics ; tropical species ; wood anatomy ; wood density ; wood color ; multivariate analysis ; species diversity ; dark-brown zone ; lenticular filling tissue ; quantitative anatomical characteristics ; Quercus variabilis ; reproduction cork ; scanning electron microscopy ; sclereid ; virgin cork ; Cytisus scoparius ; liquefied ; optimization ; eco-valorization ; agro-industrial residues ; Asparagaceae ; lignocellulose ; crystalline cellulose ; syringyl/guaiacyl ; anatomy ; Tilia amurensis Rupr. ; Tilia mandshurica Rupr. & Maxim. ; branch ; wood properties ; papermaking material ; tropical timber ; color parameters ; mid-infrared spectroscopy ; FTIR ratios ; environmental factors ; West African Sahel ; Cupressus funebris Endl. wood ; wood knots ; physical properties ; wood color properties ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAL Forestry industry
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  • 18
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Energy is an important material basis that can promote the development of human society. Despite the increasing use of renewable energy, the overall energy supply is dominated by fossil fuels. For a long period of time, the main consumption proportion of fossil energy will not change. With the perspective of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, natural gas, shale oil, shale gas, and combustible ice, energy exploration, reservoir reconstruction, and intelligent applications in energy exploitation and energy occurrence geology are currently explored from the perspectives of exploration and exploitation technology. This reprint summarizes the intelligent unmanned mining and its development trends and conducts various research studies, including the stratigraphic correlation of sandy conglomerate in the Yellow River Delta Sag of the Bohai Bay basin, the growth and distribution of coal-measured hydrocarbon source rocks in a mixed platform, the physical and mechanical properties of sandstone, mudstone and granite in the geological environment of deep energy reservoirs, the formation mechanism of energy reservoirs and gas reservoirs, the two-phase flow experiment and numerical simulation in energy mining, the evolution law of cracks in the surrounding rock and the reinforcement principle of gradient support, and the comparison of particle pickup by axial flow and swirling flow in horizontal pneumatic conveying.
    Keywords: intelligent mine ; smart mining ; intelligent working face ; intelligent control ; adaptive ; robotic technology ; seismic rock physics ; sandstone and mudstone ; P-wave and S-wave velocity ; pressure ; temperature ; sandy conglomerate ; Huanghekou Sag ; stratigraphic correlation ; calcite U-Pb dating ; detrital zircon ; pressure-controlled pyrolysis ; oil–water separation ; centrifugal force ; two-phase vapor separation ; cyclone separation ; Tarim Basin ; mixed platform ; delta ; coal-measure distribution ; coal-measure logging response ; axial flow ; swirling flow ; pickup behavior ; coefficient of variation ; tight sandstone gas reservoir ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; fracture ; water blocking ; n/a ; rock mechanical properties ; MMTS ; geothermal development ; geothermal reservoir ; different depth of occurrence ; gas storage ; injection production simulation ; effective permeability ; seepage law ; two-dimensional simulation experiment ; fracture evolution law ; fractured seepage zone ; gradient failure support ; hierarchical control mechanism ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: New scientific advances in different areas have allowed the design of more precise strategies for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders through nutrition. In this context emerges the term Precision Nutrition, a new approach that takes advantage of scientific knowledge about the interaction of internal and external environmental factors to develop dynamic and precise nutritional recommendations. Therefore, Precision Nutrition includes personalized advice based on genetics and well-documented gene–nutrient–phenotype interactions, as well as other factors such as individual metabolome, transcriptome, and microbiota profile; food behavior; and dietary, physical activity, and life-style habits; and the resulting interactomes. Precision Nutrition should be based at least on three sequential steps: conventional nutritional approaches (considering age, gender, and physiological states); the incorporation of nutritional and health status information (e.g., metabolites, physical and nutritional behavior); and the genetic baggage including multiomics functional integration.
    Keywords: dietary parameters ; carbohydrate intake ; obesity ; single nucleotide polymorphism ; CLOCK gene ; rs3749474 ; sodium intake ; hypertension ; single-nucleotide polymorphism ; personalized nutrition ; dietary vitamin A ; body fat ; UCP ; retinoic acid ; PBMC ; genetic variant ; weight loss ; nutrigenomics ; dietary intervention ; FTO gene ; dietary protein ; dietary carbohydrates ; dietary fat ; macronutrients ; gene-diet interaction ; glucose homeostasis ; glaucoma ; polygenetic-risk scores ; gene-gene interaction ; gene-nutrient interaction ; precision medicine ; childhood ; insulin resistance ; adipokine ; metabolomics ; biomarkers ; ELOVL ; metabolic alterations ; Mexican population ; Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ; pediatrics ; cardiometabolic risk factors ; precision nutrition ; eating behavior ; nutrigenetics ; microbiota ; metabolic syndrome ; Mediterranean diet ; genetic risk score ; HELENA ; adolescents ; sex ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Herein we describe some molecular aspects of the recent anti-COVID-19 research, including some approaches making use of natural remedies, especially from medicinal plants, in silico methods, and different experimental procedures that led to the discovery of novel targets of SARS-CoV-2 and consequently novel potential COVID-19 therapeutics. COVID-19 vaccines also find mention in this book with also a description of some adverse effects reported in some cases. Considering that the different beta coronaviruses present certain conserved biomolecular mechanisms and, thus, some common therapeutic targets, finding effective therapies for a specific member of their family (such as SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV) even in a scenario of a reduced impact at the time of the related disease on humankind is still relevant as it could offer or inspire efficacious therapeutic strategies not only in the context of novel pathogenic mutations of the already known beta coronaviruses, but also when future zoonoses caused by other beta coronaviruses will emergence, which is not unlikely to occur in the current world where the interactions between humans and wildlife are made more and more frequent due to the growing loss of intact ecosystems worldwide.
    Keywords: coronavirus infections ; pandemics ; natural compounds ; clove ; Syzygium aromaticum ; eugenol ; eugeniin ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; phytochemicals ; herbal medicine ; catechin ; polyphenol ; tea leaf extract ; theaflavin ; virucidal activity ; MERS-CoV ; S1-NTD ; pharmacophore modeling ; ADME ; quantum mechanical calculation ; DFT ; FMO ; MM/GBSA ; molecular docking ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; HOMO ; LUMO ; COVID-19 vaccine ; disseminated intravascular coagulation ; heparin induced thrombocytopenia ; platelet factor 4 ; thrombosis ; thrombotic thrombo-cytopenic purpura ; vaccine induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis ; disinfectants ; ethanol ; hand hygiene ; ozonated water ; slightly acidic electrolyzed water ; virucidal mechanism ; coronavirus ; renal disease ; nephrotoxicity ; reno-protective effect ; green tea ; epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) ; flavonoids ; natural products ; medicinal plant ; SARS-Cov-2 nsp10 ; structural similarity ; fingerprint ; ADMET ; toxicity ; main protease ; triazole ; docking ; MD simulation ; drug ; proteomic ; vaccine ; immunology ; biomarker ; cheminformatics ; phytocompounds ; systems pharmacology ; anti-COVID-19 ; drug repositioning ; molecular dynamic simulations ; binding free energy ; signal peptide ; RBD protein ; secretion ; mutant ; nucleocapsid or nucleoprotein ; structure-based drug discovery ; alphafold model and molecular dynamics ; neuroinflammation ; brain fog ; neuropeptides ; neurotransmission ; metabolism ; NSAIDs ; inflammation ; ketoprofen ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2023-09-05
    Description: Following the success of the first, second and third volumes of this series, we are keen to continue our discussions on research topics related to the fields of food science, intelligent systems, molecular biomedicine, water science, and creation and theories of culture. Our aims are to discuss the latest topics, theories, and research methods in each of these fields, to promote debate among top researchers and graduate students and, in the process, to generate collaborative work.
    Keywords: bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This reprint focuses on exploring the relationship between urban form, mobility, and social well-being across neighborhoods, cities, and regions. Understanding more about these relationships is helpful in shaping integrated sustainable urban planning and transport development strategies. All reprint chapters primarily contribute to the existing literature on the interdisciplinary field of the impact of urban planning and transport on social well-being and facilitate novel ways of measuring the abstract concept of well-being, particularly in Asian and European countries. We suggested that further research could explore these themes in greater depth by means of both theoretical frameworks and methodological developments in this integrated field.
    Keywords: social well-being ; social equity ; quality of life ; behavioural change and decision making ; urban mobility ; travel behaviour ; sustainable transport development ; urban and transport modelling ; urban form ; urban planning ; sustainable cities ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: Virtual and augmented reality technology has seen tremendous progress in recent years, enabling novel and exciting ways to interact inside virtual environments. An interesting approach to interaction in VR and AR is the use of tangible user interfaces, which leverage on our natural understanding of the physical world and how our bodies move and interact with it, and on our learned capabilities to manipulate physical objects.For this Special Issue, we are interested in gathering research that bridges atoms and bits in virtual and augmented environments. Basic research papers that demonstrate new interaction technologies or techniques, descriptions of applications that use tangibles in VR/AR in any domain, and survey papers that can help structure and systematize current knowledge on this area are all suitable.
    Keywords: virtual reality ; haptic feedback ; tactile sensation ; sound source localization ; deaf and hard-of-hearing ; visual positioning system ; convolutional neural network ; three-dimensional object pose estimation ; voxel ; perspective-n-point ; digital taste ; galvanic taste stimulation ; taste augmentation ; mulsemedia ; taste modulation ; augmented reality ; PCNL ; simulation ; surgical rehearsal ; surgery ; immersive environment ; cognitive impairment ; physical disability ; unity ; rehabilitation ; intention prediction ; gaze-based interaction ; laparoscopic AR navigation ; liver surgery ; 3D image registration method ; point cloud registration ; collaborative robotics ; acceptability ; uncanny valley ; user experience ; extended reality ; artificial intelligence ; classification ; control ; motor rehabilitation ; prosthesis ; stroke ; surface electromyography signals ; user interface ; pseudo-haptic ; human-centered computing ; mixed and augmented reality ; game-based learning ; fantasy ; situated learning ; serious game ; embodied interaction ; data visualization ; node-link diagram ; immersive communication ; VR conference room ; panoramic live broadcast ; spatial audio ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint is devoted to studying RE-doped bulk and nanocrystalline materials from a scientific point of view and to presenting their possible applications in any field. This reprint is intended to serve as a unique multidisciplinary forum covering all aspects of science, technology and applications of rare-earth-doped crystals, starting from the growth techniques with specific attention to the optical and spectroscopic properties of these materials and their applications.
    Keywords: luminescence thermometry ; phosphors ; Er3+ ; Judd–Ofelt ; Slater integrals ; anisotropy ; particle synthesis ; luminescence ; europium-doping ; Lu(OH)2Cl ; Lu2O3 ; europium luminescence ; charge compensation ; niobium ; microwave synthesis ; hafnia ; dispersion ; photoluminescence ; co-precipitation ; anti-counterfeiting ; CaWO4 ; nanoparticles ; in situ TEM ; ion irradiation ; thermal annealing ; ceria ; rare-earth orthochromites ; magnetization reversal ; magnetocaloric effect ; phosphor ; Eu3+ ; niobates ; Judd-Ofelt ; quantum efficiency ; refractive index ; microwave heating ; cerium oxide ; temperature field ; morphology ; SrWO4 ; fingerprint ; K0.3Bi0.7F2.4 ; nanophosphors ; lanthanide ; infrared spectroscopy ; Nd-luminescence ; yttria-stabilized zirconia ; Tb4O7-doped ; annealed in H2/Ar atmosphere ; optical properties ; optical floating-zone method ; saturation spectroscopy ; LYB ; ytterbium ; erbium ; spectral hole ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint focuses on basic and applied research on fatigue and fracture processes in engineering of materials and composites. Special attention is given to understanding fracture processes from the point of view of micro and nano damage mechanisms related to material microstructure. Advanced experimental methods such as tomography, digital image correlation, high resolution electron microscopy and fractography are applied in combination with theoretical multiscale models based on finite element methods and fracture mechanics to reveal the fundamental causes of material failure.
    Keywords: cyclic indentation ; Vickers hardness ; inverse analysis ; numerical simulations ; cyclic material properties ; fatigue life ; advanced high-strength steels ; hydrogen embrittlement ; in-situ testing ; scanning electron microscopy ; plasma charging ; coarse-grained Ni-based superalloys ; crystal plasticity ; notch effect ; strain concentration factor ; hull fracture ; inspection manholes ; bulk carrier ; cracks ; corrosion fatigue ; steel quality ; cleavage fracture ; finite element analysis ; local approach ; Weibull stress ; synchrotron tomography ; short fatigue crack growth ; residual stress ; very high cycle fatigue ; silicon carbide ; ceramic matrix composites ; creep properties ; high-temperature strength ; molecular dynamics ; artificial neural network ; forged titanium alloy ; low-cycle fatigue ; cycle wave form ; durability ; crack meso-tunneling ; fractography ; crack growth duration ; ultrasonic fatigue ; frequency effect ; strain rate effect ; environmental effect ; size effect ; high cycle fatigue ; underload cycles ; crack closure ; threshold ; fatigue crack growth ; oxidation ; EA4T steel ; fracture ; gigacycle fatigue ; surface morphology ; kinetic equation ; laminated metallic composites ; toughening mechanisms ; interfaces ; fatigue crack propagation ; large chamber SEM ; ultra-high steel grades ; tensile characteristics ; fracture toughness ; temperature dependence ; modelling fracture ; ductile-to-brittle transition ; local approach to fracture ; ferritic steel ; synchrotron radiation X-ray imaging ; fatigue performance ; fatigue crack ; FGH96 alloy ; microstructure ; micro-indentation ; mechanical and fracture properties identification ; optimisation analysis ; 316L stainless steel ; selective laser melting ; fatigue damage ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The intention of this Special Issue is to focus on new aspects of drug discovery, including the search for new molecular targets of various diseases, the creation of new modern methods for diagnosing diseases, the development of new test systems and kits for assessing the selectivity and effectiveness of new drugs, the study of the molecular mechanisms of biologically active compounds, the formulation of new drugs, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, and preclinical trials of important molecules.
    Keywords: Streptococci ; antimicrobials ; QSAR ; MD simulation ; Kunitz-type peptides ; neuroprotective activity ; sea anemones ; TRPV1 ; P2X7R ; Parkinson’s disease (PD) ; diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) ; deep neural network ; drug discovery ; drug combination ; biomarker ; cancer severity ; cancer prognosis ; MAFB ; tumor-associated macrophages ; prostate cancer ; photodynamic therapy ; magnetic resonance imaging ; ex vivo ; anti-inflammatory substance ; N-acylhydrazone ; naphthyl-N-acylhydrazone ; LASSBio-1524 analogues ; phosphacoumarin ; azomethine ylide ; cycloaddition ; anti-cancer ; cytotoxicity ; quantum chemistry ; pravastatin ; metformin ; radiation-induced intestinal injury ; minipigs ; epithelial regeneration ; inflammation ; arylazo sulfones ; DNA binding ; DNA cleavage ; DNA photocleavage ; A375 melanoma cells ; molecular docking ; radicals ; N–S bond homolysis ; platinum(II) ; five-coordinate complexes ; glycoconjugation ; cytotoxic activity ; protein X-ray structure ; lipophilicity ; natural products ; acetylcholinesterase inhibitors ; butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors ; Alzheimer’s disease ; central nervous system ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: We invite you to read the Special Issue on innovation for sustainable business. It is a collection of 7 articles published in a Special Issue of Sustainability MDPI in 2021-2022. Many of the articles in this reprint are related to leadership. In the context of sustainable development, issues such as dynamic capabilities, CSR, succession management and innovative projects were addressed. Sustainable innovation is also considered from other perspectives. One of them is the topic of introducing sustainable innovations to new ventures. In addition, drivers and impacts of eco-innovation were also examined. There was also research in the area of ​​live commerce, which includes the perspective of consumer behavior.
    Keywords: dynamic capabilities ; eco-innovation ; leadership ; corporate social responsibility ; the attitude of future managers towards CSR ; ethical aspects of companies’ operations ; sustainability ; green technologies ; environmental innovation ; industry ; Brazil ; capability ; organization ; survival ; workforce ; live commerce ; hunger marketing ; perceived trust ; perceived value ; impulse buying behavior ; Sustainable Industry 4.0 ; innovative projects ; interdisciplinarity ; project team competencies ; sustainable innovation ; knowledge search ; organizational learning ; strategic flexibility ; new ventures ; QCA ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint focuses on the position of sustainability in engineering and points to the multidimensionality of the issue. Architecture, civil and engineering issues are main themes of discussion, with special attention to research and design. Attention is focused on four thematic groups: energy (including energy harvesting), economy (including building circularity), pro-health activities, and design.
    Keywords: CFD ; mechanical ventilation ; industrial buildings ; thermal comfort ; air quality ; natural environment ; construction sector ; steel ; sustainable development ; cradle-to-gate with options ; Life Cycle Assessment ; life cycle costs ; maintenance costs ; warranty period ; number of use cycles ; building circularity assessment ; material flow model ; building circularity material passport ; building circularity calculation method ; adaption ; landscape pattern ; local microclimate ; comprehensive analysis ; morphological parameters ; space syntax ; façade configuration ; visual perception ; built heritage ; Kaunas ; cultural sustainability ; PV system ; social acceptability ; system dynamics ; CO2 emissions ; feed-in-tariffs ; subsidy policy ; water management ; housing environment quality ; multi-family settlements ; Bio-Morpheme ; greenery ; automated design ; plant selector ; sustainability ; algorithmic design ; landscape design ; BIM ; green BIM ; city breathability ; urban ventilation ; urban air quality management ; blue-green infrastructure ; integrated urban planning ; economic analysis ; marketplace regeneration ; optimisation ; spatial analysis ; urban design ; vibration ; energy harvesting ; green gardens ; multifunctionality ; plus-energy building ; thermal stack ; solar energy ; integrated design ; prefabricated rural housing ; PEST ; entropy weighted TOPSIS ; implementation potential ; Chongqing ; n/a ; urban planning ; building layout ; energy demand ; climate ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint focuses on research concerning various types of nanoparticles in terms of their toxicity, removal of antibiotics, and behavior in natural environments. In addition, reviews on microplastics in the atmosphere and the possible health impacts of microplastics/nanoplastics on humans are included
    Keywords: nanomaterials ; cerium oxide nanoparticles ; wild herbs ; seed germination ; root length ; nanoplastics ; nanotoxicity ; toxicology ; plastics ; health impacts ; environmental impacts ; pollution ; artificial black carbon (aBC) ; thermal treatment ; cytotoxicity ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; graphene oxide ; sulfamethazine ; phototransformation ; free radicals ; nanopollution ; nano-enabled products ; engineered nanomaterials ; physicochemical properties ; aquatic environments ; microplastics ; atmosphere ; distribution ; characteristics ; toxicity ; quantitative analysis ; flow-through dissolution testing ; OECD guidelines ; environmental risk assessment ; silver nanoparticles ; zinc oxide nanoparticles ; developmental toxicity ; reactive oxidative stress ; apoptosis ; autophagy ; magnetite-halloysite composites ; magnetic sorbent materials ; fluoroquinolone antibiotic ; adsorption ; wastewater treatment ; magnetic remediation ; emerging contaminants ; ecotoxicity ; ZnO nanoparticles ; trophic transfer ; neurotoxicity ; GABAergic motor neuron ; neuron damage ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The aim of this Special Issue is to gather recent advances and development in target tracking techniques to determine how they can be adapted for modern radar and sonar systems. After peer review, 17 articles in related areas have been accepted for publishing in this Special Issue. The published articles cover a range of topics and applications central to target tracking. There are eight papers about general multi-target tracking, including the topics of joint tracking and classification [3], adaptive estimation using clutter measurement probability [6], joint localization and tracking [7], extended target tracking [8], tracking with smoothing [11], DOA tracking [12], tracking under low detection probability [14], and sonar tracking and interception [17]. Three papers address multi-sensor multi-target tracking methods. Specifically, a multi-target estimating method for pulsed radar systems is proposed in [2], a joint dwell time and bandwidth optimization method in a radar network is proposed in [4], a and multiple marine ship tracking method with unknown backgrounds is presented in [9]. There are 2 papers [10,15] on the problem of target assignment in multi-sensor multi-target tracking. Moreover, Mallick et al. considered measures of nonlinearity of a polynomial curve in two dimensions [1], Zhao et al. explored the use of calibration targets for which the positions are known to the MPR system, to counter the loss in target localization accuracy arising from transmitter/receiver position errors [13], and Li et al. proposed an algorithm to apply the frequency diversity technique to passive azimuth estimation in [16].
    Keywords: Target tracking ; target detection ; radar system ; sonar system ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 31
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Modern materials and structures are significantly different from conventional ones. Their sizes can be orders of magnitude smaller, and their compositions are so sophisticated that traditional characteristic methods are inapplicable. Non-conventional methods are essential to tackle these issues, which must often be approached in an interdisciplinary fashion. This Special Issue is a collection of articles that shed light on these problems.
    Keywords: analytical solution ; Fourier cosine series ; vibrations ; FGM rectangular plates ; Mindlin plate theory ; phased array transducer ; transducer optimization ; beam focusing ; pulse–echo mode ; harmonic generation ; stress-free boundary ; total correction ; acoustic emission ; electrical resistance ; damage monitoring ; criticality ; natural time analysis ; nonlinear parameter ; noncontact reception ; air-coupled receiver ; aluminum samples ; corrections ; field theory ; deformation and fracture ; 7075 aluminum alloy ; electronic speckle pattern interferometry ; concrete beam ; bending ; cementitious matrix ; FRCM ; analytical model ; numerical model ; linear low-density polyethylene ; digital image correlation ; optical non-destructive testing ; speckle ; fourier scaling theorem ; gaussian filtering ; optical methods ; AlSi10Mg ; SLM ; NDE ; deep learning ; CNN ; k-fold cross validation ; non-destructive testing ; optical interferometry ; residual stress ; thermal expansion ; elasticity ; high entropy alloys ; complex concentrated alloys ; refractory metal intermetallic composites ; high entropy phases ; complex concentrated phases ; Nb silicide-based alloys ; alloy design ; biomechanics ; Achilles tendon ; beam-to-beam contact ; arbitrary cross-section ; ANCF ; lithium-ion batteries ; redox-active organic anode ; organic anode materials ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Due to the intensive development of the global economy, many problems are constantly emerging connected to the safety of ships’ motion in the context of increasing marine traffic. These problems seem to be especially significant for the further development of marine transportation services, with the need to considerably increase their efficiency and reliability. One of the most commonly used approaches to ensuring safety and efficiency is the wide implementation of various automated systems for guidance and control, including such popular systems as marine autopilots, dynamic positioning systems, speed control systems, automatic routing installations, etc. This Special Issue focuses on various problems related to the analysis, design, modelling, and operation of the aforementioned systems. It covers such actual problems as tracking control, path following control, ship weather routing, course keeping control, control of autonomous underwater vehicles, ship collision avoidance. These problems are investigated using methods such as neural networks, sliding mode control, genetic algorithms, L2-gain approach, optimal damping concept, fuzzy logic and others. This Special Issue is intended to present and discuss significant contemporary problems in the areas of automatic control and the routing of marine vessels.
    Keywords: collision avoidance ; ship domain ; fuzzy inference ; collision risk ; early warning system ; marine vessel ; tracking controller ; stability ; functional ; optimal damping ; fin stabilizer ; ship turning ; heel/roll reduction ; L2-gain ; uncertainty ; non-linearity ; ship motion control ; path-following ; guidance algorithm ; nonlinear feedback ; AIS Data ; trajectory prediction ; waterway transportation ; neural networks ; autonomous navigation ; multi-joint autonomous underwater vehicle (MJ-AUV) ; 3-dimensional modeling ; LQR ; LESO ; multicriteria route planning ; genetic algorithm ; particle swarm optimization ; oceanic meteorological routing ; cooperative game theory ; supply chain management ; supply disruption ; unmanned surface vehicle ; Guidance, Navigation and Control ; course keeping ; adaptive sliding mode ; unmanned surface vehicle (USV) ; system identification ; traditional neural network ; physics-informed neural network ; zigzag test ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Mountains encompass more than 30% of all land and 23% of the Earth’s forests, with high levels of biodiversity and endemism, and they support diverse habitats and refuges for approximately 85% of amphibian, bird, and mammal species. More than 1/4 of the global human population inhabits mountain environments, many of whom are among the world’s poorest people. The climate and anthropogenic changes have had a tremendous impact on biodiversity and ecosystems around the world. On the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau, which is characterized by a low temperature, short growing season, and diverse ecosystems, global changes such as the warming climate might reduce biodiversity and alter ecosystem functions. This reprint contains studies with a focus on the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau and the south-west mountainous areas of China. The topic deals with the application of multiscale methods and approaches in the context of biodiversity, from the scale of genes and individuals to ecosystems and landscapes, including the adaptations of organisms, like plants, birds, and micro-organisms, spatial–temporal variations in vegetation patterns and land use statuses, and the possible driving factors of the functional adaptation of organisms to climate and anthropogenic changes.
    Keywords: adaptation ; biogeography ; ecosystem functions ; functional traits ; genetic and species diversity ; global change ; landscape heterogeneity ; mountain environment ; NDVI ; sustainable development&nbsp ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Water resource systems planning and management issues are often very complex. The pressures on water resources are increasing with the expanding scale of global development involving ecological and hydrological consequences in river basins and groundwater aquifers, and water-quality deterioration. All this leads to the increasing need for investigating the effects of different human influences and impacts on the hydrological regime and on water quality like as land-use changes, climatic variability and climate changes, and intensified water and land-use practices. The Special Issue “Advances in Flow Modeling for Water Resources and Hydrological Engineering” presents a collection of scientific contributions that provides a sample of the state-of-the-art and forefront research in this field. In particular, basin-wide water resources planning, watershed management, flood forecasting, droughts, climate change impacts on flood risk and water resources, reservoir operation and management, river morphology and sediment transport, river water quality, and irrigation were the main research and practice targets that the papers published in this Special Issue aimed to address.
    Keywords: stream discharge ; near-natural catchment ; trend analysis ; NW Spain ; field-scale hydrological models ; DRAINMOD ; tile drainage ; nitrate leaching ; climate change ; venturi flume ; CFD ; OpenFOAM ; RANS ; turbulence model ; numerical simulation ; Parshall flume ; water balance ; Thornthwaite–Mather method ; Python ; serverless computing approach ; watershed hydrology ; Yukon River plume ; river discharge ; sediment load ; flocculation ; plunging ; underflow ; flood ; geological categories ; probability ; Medvednica Mt. ; Croatia ; numerical model ; shallow water equations ; dam break ; dry and wet beds modeling ; river flow ; open channels ; eddy viscosity ; parabolic profile ; streamwise velocity distribution ; turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) ; mixing length ; log law ; log wake ; hydrological modeling ; streamflow ; SWAT ; Venturi flume ; nonlinear model ; burned areas ; hydrological modelling ; infiltration capacity ; SCS-CN ; post-fire ; shock wave ; spillway ; spillway pier ; flat chute ; physical modeling ; hydrology ; tiling ; subsurface flow ; Iowa ; variational ensemble forecasting ; hydrologic processing strategies or hypotheses ; SR2MR streamflow forecasting ; real-time hydrologic forecasting system ; satellite precipitation products ; multi models ; best streamflow prediction ; inverse variance weighting ; inverse probability weighting ; representative concentration pathways 4.5 and 8.5 ; modified Mann–Kendall trend test ; Ziway Lake Basin ; Rift Valley ; Ethiopia ; maximum precipitation ; maximum flow ; gravel bed rivers ; skin friction ; flow resistance ; bed forms ; energy slope ; boundary layer characteristics ; abrupt negative step ; hydraulic jump ; energy loss ; momentum closure ; Boussinesq equations ; specified intervals ; MODIS ; evapotranspiration ; multi-variable calibration ; regional flood frequency ; ungauged catchments ; direct rainfall modelling ; headwater catchments ; Australia ; drought ; water ; water resources modelling ; flood forecast ; climate-change impacts ; river quality ; river morphology ; watershed management ; reservoir management ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: In the last few years, huge amounts of progress have been made regarding remote sensing in the field of computer vision. This success and progress is mostly due to the effectiveness of deep learning (DL) algorithms. In addition, the remote sensing community has shifted its attention to DL, and DL algorithms have been used to achieve significant success in many image analysis tasks. However, with regard to remote sensing, a number of challenges caused by difficulties in data acquisition and annotation have not been fully solved yet. This reprint is a collection of novel developments in the field of remote sensing using computer vision, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. The articles published involve fundamental theoretical analyses as well as those demonstrating their application to real-world problems.
    Keywords: tropical cyclone detection ; meteorological satellite images ; deep learning ; deep transfer learning ; generative adversarial networks ; image target detection ; multiple scales ; any angle object ; remote sensing of small objects ; point clouds ; 3D tracking ; state estimation ; Siamese network ; deep LK ; convolutional neural networks (CNNs) ; multilayer feature aggregation ; attention mechanism ; remote sensing image scene classification (RSISC) ; hyperspectral image classification ; variational autoencoder ; generative adversarial network ; crossed spatial and spectral interactions ; crater detection algorithm (CDA) ; R-FCN ; self-calibrated convolution ; split attention mechanism ; transfer learning ; remote sensing ; oriented object detection ; rotated inscribed ellipse ; remote sensing images ; keypoint-based detection ; gated aggregation ; eccentricity-wise ; object detection ; remote sensing image ; anchor free ; oriented bounding boxes ; deformable convolution ; three-dimensional radar imaging ; convolution neural network ; super-resolution ; side-lobe suppression ; terahertz radar ; aerial image generation ; satellite image generation ; structure map ; style vector ; high resolution image ; self-constructing graph ; semantic segmentation ; GAN ; image generation ; data augmentation ; remote sensing disaster image ; convolutional neural network ; double-stream structure ; feedback ; encoder–decoder network ; dense connections ; instance segmentation ; Swin transformer ; cascade mask R-CNN ; remote sensing image retrieval ; hashing algorithm ; binary code ; triplet ordinal relation preserving ; cross entropy ; feature distillation ; forest fire ; smoke segmentation ; Smoke-Unet ; residual block ; Landsat-8 ; band sensibility ; unsupervised domain adaptation ; bidirectional domain adaptation ; image-to-image translation ; generative adversarial networks (GANs) ; U-Net ; high-density laser scanning ; logging trails ; digital surface model ; canopy height model ; commercial thinning ; convolutional neural networks ; multiview ; satellite and UAV image ; joint description ; image matching ; neural network ; contextual information ; Anchor Free Region Proposal Network ; polar representation ; 3D object detection ; point cloud ; sampling ; single-stage ; rotated object detection ; angle-based detector ; angle-free framework ; rotated region of interests (RRoIs) ; representative points ; plastic ; UAVs ; contrastive learning ; mutual guidance ; spatial misalignment ; vehicle detection ; ANN ; automatic classification ; risk mitigation ; machine learning ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This Proceedings reprint is a collection of papers from the E-Textiles 2022 Conference and represents the state of the art from both academia and industry in the development of smart fabrics that incorporate electronic and sensing functionality. The Proceedings reprint presents a wide range of applications of the technology, including wearable textile devices for healthcare applications such as ECG measurements and functional electrical stimulation. Manufacturing approaches include printed smart materials, knitted e-textiles and flexible electronic circuit assembly within fabrics and garments. Supplying power is a constant challenge for all wireless wearable technologies, and therefore this collection includes papers on triboelectric energy harvesting and zinc-ion batteries fabricated on top of textile substrates.
    Keywords: electronics ; wearables ; smart fabrics ; e-textiles ; sensing ; healthcare devices ; textile antennas ; energy harvesting ; printed electronics ; knitted e-textiles ; functional yarns&nbsp ; &nbsp ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Additive manufacturing (AM) has been at the center of attention of studies and industry. The AM process involves gradual build-up in layers, and capability in the fabrication of complex shapes with low cost. Advances in the processing of polymers and polymer composites with this method are in the domain of this journal, which can provide a vital resource for anyone involved in additive manufacturing. This Special Issue cover original reviews and research articles dedicated to: AM processes of manufacturing and materials; Process–microstructure/morphology–properties relationships; Optimization of process parameters; Mechanical properties of fabricated parts; Modeling and simulation.
    Keywords: hybrid bio-inspired design ; nacre ; woodpecker beak ; mechanical performance ; failure mode ; finite element simulation ; Taguchi design ; ANOVA ; FFF ; response surface ; cylindricity ; process optimization ; polymer gear ; additive manufacturing ; differential pressure vacuum casting ; polyurethane resin ; abrasion ; fused filament fabrication ; temperature distribution modelling ; dynamic and static model ; thermal history ; impeller ; polymers ; polymer composites ; manufacturing process ; conventional manufacturing ; injection moulding ; performance ; face mask ; medical devices ; filtration performance ; 3D reconstruction ; customized implant ; PEEK ; accuracy evaluation ; finite element analysis ; 3D printing ; fused deposition modeling ; tensile testing ; infill rate ; crystallizable PET ; micromechanical model ; viscoplasticity ; temperature effect ; biaxial loading ; polylactic acid (PLA) ; dimensional deviation ; definitive screening design ; desirability function ; material extrusion ; rheological behavior ; mechanical properties ; temperature profile ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This reprint presents groundbreaking discoveries, practical techniques, and rigorous analyses related to the cultivation, preparation, and exploitation of mycelium composites. The papers cover a wide range of topics, including functional modifications of mycelium with inorganic particles, modifying and assessing the mechanical properties of mycelium composites, strategies for improving the flexural behaviour of composites, beehives from fungal materials, bio-welding and reinforcement of composites, bioreactors for fungal production, co-production of composites by fungi and bacteria, growing large-scale mycelium structures, sound absorption by composites, and the geometrical parameterisation of fungi. This informative compendium of techniques, methods, and insights on growing fungal material appeals to readers from all walks of life, from high school pupils to university professors, from mathematicians, computer scientists, and engineers to chemists, from craft practitioners to industrial producers of fungal materials, and from biologists to architects and artists.
    Keywords: mycelium-based composites ; additive manufacturing ; bio-based materials ; circular construction ; digital fabrication ; mycelium ; bio-composites ; bio-fabrication ; ultrasonic welding ; wood printing ; robotic fabrication ; reinforced composites ; natural fiber reinforced polymers ; NFRP ; growing materials ; rattan ; lightweight structure ; architecture ; structural design ; computational design ; subtractive manufacturing ; circular economy ; compressive structures ; compressive strength ; digital image correlation ; masonry ; growth ; mechanical properties ; materials science ; mycelium-based composite ; biomaterials ; natural composites ; bacterial cellulose ; biocompatibility ; knitted fabric ; material tinkering ; lignocellulosic fibers ; natural fiber reinforcement ; mechanical characteristics ; manufacturing variables ; nanoclay ; fungal fruiting bodies ; parametric design thinking ; plasticity ; linearity ; non-linearity ; biohybrid architecture ; bio fabrication ; living architecture ; beehive ; 3D printing ; mycelium materials ; symbiosis ; multispecies architecture ; healthy materials ; binding capacity ; bio-adhesives ; building biomaterials ; fungal mycelium ; mechanical performance ; acoustic materials ; sound absorption ; fungal architecture ; myceliated material ; living material ; sustainability ; biotechnology ; compression ; bending ; waste upcycling ; mycoremediation ; myco-materials ; myco-fabrication ; sustainable buildings ; sustainable structures ; architectural design ; material ethics ; modular chain bioreactor ; solid-state fermentation ; mycelium production ; Ganoderma lucidum ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This reprint focusses on Smartness, a multidisciplinary topic, which is examined from four perspectives: Sensors, IoT, and Data Generation; Data and Information Processing; Actuation; and Digital Systems and Infrastructure. We see smartness in the way sensing is embedded in a system, the way data and information are processed, how a system interacts internally and with its environment, and whether a system is ubiquitous or limited by space (cloud-based or edge-enabled). This reprint contains a total of 14 chapters, which are grouped according to their areas of application: mobility and transportation, healthcare, industrial environments, and other urban infrastructures. This book covers a range of topics, including mobility; healthcare; image analysis; permeable pavements; solid-waste management; sensor node and gateway architectures; cloud, fog, and edge computing; air-quality monitoring; thermal anomalies and smart helmets in industrial environments; smart airports; smart districts; smart travel choices; sensor cities; artificially intelligent cities; platform urbanism; and more.
    Keywords: artificial intelligence (AI) ; artificially intelligent city ; artificially intelligence commons ; smart city ; smart urban technology ; urban informatics ; sustainable urban development ; climate change ; pandemics ; natural disasters ; sensor city ; City 4.0 ; smart urbanism ; smart governance ; disruptive urban transition ; Internet-of-Things (IoT) ; technology giants ; sensors ; transit ; bus ; transfer ; smart card ; spatial analysis ; mode choice ; internet of everything (IoE) ; 6th generation (6G) networks ; artificial intelligence ; Distributed AI as a Service (DAIaaS) ; fog computing ; edge computing ; cloud computing ; smart airport ; smart districts ; PPE ; OHS ; risk detection ; naive Bayes ; support vector machine ; convolutional neural network ; deep learning ; microcontroller ; edge-fog-cloud computing ; Internet of Things ; robotics ; autonomous driving ; image registration ; smart sensor ; real time big data ; land-use ; air quality ; particulate matter (PM10 PM2.5) ; Intelligent Transportation Systems ; functional requirements ; machine learning ; model actionability ; model evaluation ; cloud server ; customized sensor node ; customized gateway ; FLoRa simulation ; LoRa range radio ; solid waste management ; smart cities ; big data ; event detection ; road traffic ; distributed machine learning ; automatic labeling ; social media ; data analytics ; social media analytics ; Arabic tweets ; 3D microstructure reconstruction ; permeable pavement ; generative adversarial networks ; tiny AI ; tiny ML ; distributed AI as a service (DAIaaS) ; skin disease diagnosis ; healthcare ; smart societies ; smart healthcare ; reference architecture ; TensorFlow ; visually impaired ; smart mobility ; LiDAR ; ultrasonic ; obstacle detection ; obstacle recognition ; assistive tools ; green computing ; sustainability ; Arduino Uno ; smart app ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: Changes in technology and adversary behavior will invariably produce new threats that must be assessed by defense and homeland security planners. An example of such a novel threat is the use of cruise missiles or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) by terrorist groups. Individual threats cannot be assessed in isolation, however, since adversaries always have many options for staging attacks. To examine this threat, RAND utilized a ?red analysis of alternatives? approach, wherein the benefits, costs, and risks of different options are considered from the point of view of a potential adversary. For several types of attacks, the suitability of these systems was compared against other options. This approach can help defense planners understand how the capabilities that different attack modes provide address key adversary operational problems. Given the insights this analysis produced about when these systems would likely be preferred by an attacker, RAND explored defensive options to address the threat. UAVs and cruise missiles represent a ?niche threat? within a larger threat context; therefore, defenses were sought that provide common protection against both this and other asymmetric threats. The monograph concludes with a discussion of cross-cutting lessons about this threat and the assessment of novel threats in general.
    Keywords: Technology ; Political Science ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPW Political activism::JPWL Terrorism, armed struggle ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TT Other technologies & applied sciences::TTM Military engineering
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This Proceedings reprint comprises a collection of the papers presented at the second International Conference on Computational Engineering and Intelligent Systems, held online in the period 18–20 November 2022. The conference focused on computational engineering including modeling, simulation, analysis, and intelligent systems driven by computing and artificial intelligence. The papers included in this collection deal with a range of topics including smart grids, renewable energies, intelligent safety and control systems, power quality and cloud computing.
    Keywords: Computational Engineering ; Intelligent systems ; Optimization ; Artificial Intelligence ; &nbsp ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This is a timely collection of recent diverse work on metal oxide nanomaterials, connecting their fundamental aspects and application perspectives in a concise fashion to give a broad view of the current status of this fascinating field. This book presents eight original research articles and two comprehensive reviews to highlight the recent development and understanding of different types of metal oxide nanoparticles and their use for applications in luminescence, photocatalysis, water–oil separation, optoelectronics, gas sensors, energy-saving smart windows, etc. It presents just the tip of the iceberg of the broad, dynamic, and active fundamental research and applications in the developing field of metal oxide nanomaterials by collecting a few examples of the latest advancements.
    Keywords: photoinduced hydrophilicity ; surface energy ; heterostructures ; charge transfer ; work function ; adsorbed water ; nanocarrier ; nanoparticle ; age-dependent adsorption ; Langmuir isotherm ; deoxynucleoside monophosphate ; silica@zirconia ; core@shell ; solution NMR ; buffer interference with adsorption ; VO2 ; phase change material ; flexible thin film ; thermochromics ; energy efficient materials ; RF magnetron sputtering ; ZnO:N thin films ; Raman spectroscopy ; photoluminescence spectroscopy ; electrical characteristics ; charge carrier transport properties ; nanostructured surface ; wettability ; metal fiber felt ; oil–water separation ; emulsion ; nanocomposite ; worm-like micelle ; viscoelastic surfactant ; fracturing fluid ; stability ; two-dimensional materials ; metal oxide ; nanoparticles ; composite materials ; gas sensors ; microstructure ; composites ; photoactivity ; pesticides ; wastewater ; photocatalysis ; metal oxides ; semiconductors ; BaZrO3 ; europium ; luminescence ; EXAFS ; defect ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    RAND Corporation
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: Describes a case study of six enterprises that use Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags to control access in the workplace to understand their policies about personally identifiable records obtained by sensing RFID-based access cards. These policies have a number of common features, but the policies are neither documented nor shared with employees. While employees ought to be informed about uses of access control system records, implementing traditional fair information practices for such records would be impractical in some situations.
    Keywords: Technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint aims to collect state-of-the-art research contributions that address challenges in the emerging 5G networks design, dimensioning and optimization. Designing, dimensioning and optimization of communication networks resources and services have been an inseparable part of telecom network development. The latter must convey a large volume of traffic, providing service to traffic streams with highly differentiated requirements in terms of bit-rate and service time, required quality of service and quality of experience parameters. Such a communication infrastructure presents many important challenges, such as the study of necessary multi-layer cooperation, new protocols, performance evaluation of different network parts, low layer network design, network management and security issues, and new technologies in general, which will be discussed in this book.
    Keywords: bit error rate (BER) ; space-time coding (STC) ; Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) ; massive MIMO ; orthogonal transform division multiplexing (OTDM) ; Toeplitz matrix ; 5G networks ; BBU centralization ; cloud radio access networks ; eCPRI ; fronthaul ; filter bank multicarrier ; isotropic orthogonal transfer algorithm ; intrinsic interference ; Co-time Co-frequency Full Duplex (CCFD) ; self-interference (SI) signal cancellation ; RF domain ; optimize Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm ; interference cancellation ratio (ICR) ; 5G core network slice ; network slicing ; resource attributes ; slice provisioning ; topology attributes ; beamforming ; interference management ; throughput ; fairness index, small cell networks ; OFDM ; congestion ; random ; quasi-random ; recursive ; restricted ; reservation ; complete sharing ; D2D communication ; 5G IoT network ; lightweight cryptography ; authentication ; midhaul ; radio-over-fiber ; optical gNB-DU ; RRH ; A-RoF ; D-RoF ; BBU ; all-optical network ; handover ; HetNets ; mobility management ; self-optimization ; spectrum handoff ; spectrum sensing ; cognitive radio networks ; cognitive radio user ; primary and secondary user ; 5G mobile communication network ; multi-access edge computing ; centralized cloud computing ; hybrid cloud computing ; Palm-Jacobaeus loss formula ; blocking probability ; multi-service traffic ; separated resources ; performance evaluation ; cellular systems ; channel emulator ; non-stationary MIMO channel ; discrete channel model ; field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platform ; Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) ; Microwave Radio Transmission (MRT) ; Free Space Optics (FSO) ; Fiber Optics (FO) ; multi-agent systems ; laplacian eigenvalues ; augmented Lagrange based Alternating Direction Inexact Newton (ALADIN) method ; consensus algorithms ; Alternating Direction of Multipliers Method (ADMM) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This book focuses on fundamental and applied research on construction project management. It presents research papers and practice-oriented papers. The execution of construction projects is specific and particularly difficult because each implementation is a unique, complex, and dynamic process that consists of several or more subprocesses that are related to each other, in which various aspects of the investment process participate. Therefore, there is still a vital need to study, research, and conclude the engineering technology and management applied in construction projects. This book present unanimous research approach is a result of many years of studies, conducted by 35 well experienced authors. The common subject of research concerns the development of methods and tools for modeling multi-criteria processes in construction engineering.
    Keywords: earned value method—EVM ; time variances ; cost variances ; schedule ; cadastre ; land surveyor ; construction surveying ; building layout ; polar coordinates ; stake-out methods ; total station ; construction reports ; construction contracts ; natural language processing ; machine learning ; simulation modeling ; bridge expansion and contraction installation (BECI) ; decision making (DM) ; technical condition assessment ; analytic hierarchy process (AHP) ; whale optimization algorithm ; Tent chaotic mapping ; Lévy flight ; resilience ; baseline schedule ; uncertainty ; taxonomy ; construction project ; PERT ; theory of constraint (TOC) ; drum-buffer-rope (DBR) ; construction schedule ; monitoring progress ; construction phase ; automated monitoring ; digital tools ; as-built ; as-planned ; efficiency ; risk ; randomization ; association analysis ; tabu search ; delay ; time schedules ; project risk ; construction project management ; Time-at-Risk (TaR) ; investment-construction process model ; Monte Carlo simulation ; decision-making process ; decision modelling in construction activities ; decisions in civil engineering ; liquid cooling system ; flow calibration ; differential pressure ; experimental method ; aircraft ; building information modelling (BIM) ; automatisation ; facilities design ; domestic plumbing and sanitation ; management ; project cost ; investment schedule ; risk mitigation ; randomness ; fuzziness ; health and safety control ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This Special Issue explores empirical studies of emotional mechanisms, qualitative and quantitative measurements of emotion, the recognition of emotional contexts, and the application of emotion. We introduce fourteen papers, ranging from lab-based studies aimed at understanding emotional mechanisms to applying emotion recognition in the real world (e.g., in driving, games, education, and virtual avatars). This Special Issue explores empirical studies of emotional mechanisms, qualitative and quantitative measurements of emotion, the recognition of emotional contexts, and the application of emotion. We introduce fourteen papers, ranging from lab-based studies aimed at understanding emotional mechanisms to applying emotion recognition in the real world (e.g., in driving, games, education, and virtual avatars).
    Keywords: speech emotion recognition ; domain adaptation ; SER generalization ; Korean Emotional Speech Database ; ensemble model ; multi-path ; group-loss ; BLSTM network ; facial micromovement ; emotion recognition ; emotion authenticity ; HRV parameter ; game addiction ; League of Legends ; stress response ; sensitivity ; specificity ; logistic regression ; facial action unit ; facial aging ; facial expression ; posed emotion ; virtual avatar ; virtual human ; virtual character ; embodied conversational agent ; social interaction ; empathy ; CNN ; cognitive workload ; functional connectivity analysis ; LSTM ; mental workload ; mutual information ; phase locking value ; phase transfer entropy ; deep learning ; facial expression recognition (FER) ; 3D convolutional neural network (3D CNN) ; multirate signal processing ; minimum overlapped frame structure ; self-attention ; multi-depth network ; video content empathy ; micro-movement synchronization ; non-contact empathy measurement ; empathic advertisement ; multimodal affective computing ; catecholamines ; emotion classification ; wearable devices ; deep neural networks ; multispectral imaging ; face recognition ; in the wild ; driver emotion recognition ; multimodal ; self-report ; real-world driving ; EEG ; learning emotions ; attention ; convolutional neural network ; multi-channel band features ; eye movement ; brain connectivity ; review ; human emotions ; affective and physiological states ; Plutchik’s wheel of emotions ; sensors ; methods and applications ; statistical and multiple criteria analysis ; country success and publications maps of the world ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Civil engineering structures may vibrate due to different sources of excitations such as earthquakes, wind, traffic, humans, etc. The resulting vibrations may not be acceptable from the perspective of vibration comfort or can even impair the structure's safety. Depending on the excitation mechanism, anti-vibration measures range from increasing the structural damping using local dampers, decoupling the structure from the disturbance using vibration isolators and compensating for the excitation forces using vibration compensators. The Special Issue "Efficient Damping and Isolation Systems for Civil Structures" presents some of the recent advances in the associated fields of research and development.
    Keywords: isolation ; high damping rubber bearing ; low shape factor ; performance test ; experiment ; three-dimensional (3D) seismic isolation ; vertical seismic isolation device ; disc spring ; helical coil spring ; steel damper ; laminated rubber bearing ; seismic energy dissipation ; nuclear power plant equipment ; seismic isolation frequency ; hysteretic behavior ; cable ; control ; damping ; semi-active ; negative stiffness ; vibration ; liquid storage tank ; MetaFoundation ; time domain analysis ; earthquake ; passive control ; stop band ; suspended ceiling systems ; passively controlled structure ; pulley tackle mechanism ; shake table test ; simulation analysis ; tower-like structures ; tuned liquid gas damper ; elastic membrane ; gas spring ; gas volume ; SA-TLGD ; TLCGD ; TLCD ; TMD ; inerter ; optimization ; TMDI ; vibration mitigation ; tuned sloshing damper ; TSD ; tuned mass damper ; numerical simulation ; coupled simulation ; computational wind engineering ; CWE ; hysteresis ; internal resonances ; nonlinear modal interaction ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue of Geosciences focuses on the application of the cosmogenic nuclides (3He, 10Be, 14C, 21Ne, 26Al and 36Cl) in diverse disciplines in the field of earth sciences, as well as on improvements in sampling, analytical sample preparation and analytical techniques. After the past three decades, and nearly 70 years after the first application, cosmogenic nuclides have become an amazingly versatile tool for Earth scientists to disentangle the unsolved pieces of Earth's history during the Quaternary. Today, Earth scientists apply cosmogenic nuclides to establish the timing of Quaternary ice volume fluctuations, and volcanic and palaeoseismic events, to gauge surface and/or rock uplift and denudation rates and to reconstruct terrace chronologies, as well as to determine the rates and styles of local and large-scale erosion, soil development and landscape evolution.
    Keywords: Sennwald rock avalanche ; cosmogenic nuclide dating ; run-out modelling ; cosmogenic nuclides ; sediment fingerprinting ; geomorphometric analysis ; positive feedback ; Prättigau half-window ; cosmogenic 21Ne ; noble gas isotope ; mass spectrometry ; neon isotope ; 21Ne ; Ne dating ; Bruderheim chondrite ; Imilac pallasite ; CREU quartz ; glacial erosion rates ; cosmogenic 36Cl ; Swiss Alps ; limestone plateau ; Bündnerbergjoch ; nunatak ; cosmonuclides ; 10Be ; 26Al ; 3He ; 36Cl ; 14C ; MATLAB ; Octave ; cosmogenic surface exposure dating ; Jan Mayen ; background production ; nuclide production ; burial dating ; European Alps ; rock avalanche ; Dan3D-Flex runout modeling ; active tectonics ; fault scarp dating ; Gediz Graben ; western Anatolia ; earthquake ; Holocene ; isochron-burial dating ; Swiss northern Alpine Foreland ; Middle Pleistocene ; Möhlin glaciation ; Bünten Till ; soil forming factors ; chronosequences ; high-mountain soils ; proglacial areas ; erratic boulders ; LGM Glaciations ; eastern Anatolia ; glacier retreat ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint includes 22 research papers and an editorial, collected from the Special Issue "Modelling, Monitoring, Control and Optimization for Complex Industrial Processes", highlighting recent research advances and emerging research directions in complex industrial processes. This reprint aims to promote the research field and benefit the readers from both academic communities and industrial sectors.
    Keywords: open-die forging ; reinforcement learning ; double deep Q-learning ; process design ; process optimization ; RTO ; data reconciliation ; natural gas processing ; economic evaluation ; sequential-modular approach ; electric vehicle ; charging station ; photovoltaic ; maximum power point tracking ; data-driven ; state prediction ; fault classification ; multi-agent system ; parameter acquisition ; mechanism model ; forging machine ; continuous stirring reactors ; fault detection ; T-S fuzzy model ; channel fading ; performance optimization ; steam generator level control ; knowledge-informed simplex search method ; historical iteration information ; iteration termination control ; TLSCA-SVM ; optimization method ; fault diagnosis ; transfer learning ; porous structure ; finite element analysis ; CAD ; centroidal Voronoi diagram ; block cutting ; data reconstruction ; convex polyhedron (CPH) ; convex polygon (CPG) ; path optimization ; average material removal rate (AMRR) ; permanent magnet synchronous motor ; characteristic model ; linear golden-section adaptive control ; model-based design ; dividing-wall distillation column ; genetic algorithm ; temperature inferential control ; temperature difference ; quality estimator ; discrete element method ; particle modelling ; multi-sphere method ; simulation analysis ; anti-corrosion pill particle ; leakage current ; common-mode voltage ; model predictive control ; transformerless inverter ; H8 ; weak grid ; hyperchaotic complex system ; tracking control ; fractional order ; mathematical modeling ; production scheduling ; advanced optimization methodologies ; modeling of industrial processes ; VSM ; durability ; logistics 4.0 ; methodology ; automobile ; wiring ; wind farms ; inspection ; path planning ; chaotic neural network ; time delay ; bidirectional free-riding ; differential game ; bilateral cost-sharing decisions ; artificial intelligence (AI) ; music generation ; natural language processing ; transformer ; GANs ; green growth ; influencing factor ; factor identification ; DEMATEL method ; manufacturing enterprises ; resilient dynamically triggering controller (DTRC) ; dynamically triggering mechanisms (DTMs) ; denial-of-service (DoS) ; networked nonlinear systems (NNSs) ; resilient dynamically event-triggering (RDET) ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Whether U.S. terrorism-prevention efforts match the threat continues to be central in policy debate. Part of this debate is whether the United States needs a dedicated domestic counterterrorism intelligence agency. This book examines such an agency's possible capability, comparing its potential effectiveness with that of current efforts, and its acceptability to the public, as well as various balances and trade-offs involved.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Technology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPW Political activism / Political engagement::JPWL Terrorism, armed struggle ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: In the past 20 years, karst desertification control has produced remarkable results, and the South China karst has been a global hotspot for greening. However, in the new stage of karst desertification control, the functional lag of forest ecosystems and the insufficient supply capacity of ecosystem services are gradually becoming prominent. We not only lack systematic research on vulnerability and resilience, structure and stability, ecological assets and services, carrying capacity and ecological security, and service trade-offs/synergies and optimization in controlled ecosystems. There is still a lack of research on the ecological processes of newly constructed forests in improving ecosystem functions and services. Therefore, this reprint mainly focuses on the research improvement of forest ecosystem functions in karst desertification control. This includes the improvement mechanism of ecosystem structure, function, and services, the mechanism of ecosystem service tradeoff/synergy, and function optimization. An optimization model of ecosystem function and an improvement path for eco-product supply are introduced. The role of functional traits in the maintenance of ecological function and services is also established, and social–ecological responses to afforestation in karst desertification control are discussed.
    Keywords: structural trait ; element trait ; physiological trait ; leaf ; root ; karst ; ecosystem service supply ; value accounting ; eco-industry ; karst desertification environment ; farmland hydrological cycle ; agroforestry ; agronomic measures to water saving ; planting combinations ; investment strategy ; plant adaptability ; soil ; response ; biodiversity ; ecosystem services ; forests ; karst desertification ; plant functional traits ; structure ; landscape security pattern ; sensitivity ; landscape connectivity ; Guanling County ; Guizhou ; ecological products ; value realization ; ecological industry ; resilient landscape ; rural planning ; resilience assessment ; karst rocky desertification control areas ; karst forest ; vegetation water use strategy ; hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes ; hydrologic niche separation ; principal component analysis ; redundancy analysis ; karst rocky desertification area ; species diversity ; evaluation indicator systems ; fuzzy integrated evaluation ; karst spring ; dissolved organic carbon/nitrogen ; rocky desertification ; terrestrial ecosystem ; soil aggregate stability ; soil nutrients ; vegetation restoration ; karst rocky desertification ; forest ; karst desertification control ; loquat ; intercropping peanut ; N2O emission ; Abies fanjingshanensis ; microbial carbon use efficiency ; physicochemical indices ; bacteria ; fungus ; structural optimization ; water and fertilizer regulation ; functional improvement ; forests ecosystem ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint entitled "Nanomedicine Based Drug Delivery Systems: Recent Developments and Future Prospects" contains 14 articles in total. This includes one editorial, ten research articles, and three review articles. All articles are associated with nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems for the solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic enhancement of active drug molecules. In recent years, there has been a tremendous amount of research on nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems. This reprint has brought together prominent scientists who have explored a diverse range of applications of nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems. I believe that further clinical and toxicological studies on both animal and human models are still required to explore the complete potential and commercial exploitation of nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems. The diverse and critical perspectives within this reprint provide sufficient information on the development, characterization, and evaluation of nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems.
    Keywords: bioflavonoid ; droplet size ; hepatoprotective effects ; luteolin ; SNEDDS ; cancer ; smart nanocarriers ; drug targeting ; nanoparticles ; stimulus for drug release ; bioavailability ; ciprofloxacin ; lipid-based colloidal carriers ; ocular delivery ; turmeric rhizome extract ; turmeric oil ; curcumin ; HepG2 ; anticancer ; quality by design ; quality planning ; initial risk assessment ; critical factors ; thermosensitive liposomes ; thin-film hydration method ; dental diseases ; essential oils ; herb ; natural products ; nanotechnology ; regulations ; tedizolid-phosphate ; chitosan ; antibacterial ; eye-irritation transcorneal-permeation ; drug delivery ; contraception ; levonorgestrel ; liposomes ; microneedle ; sustained-release ; apremilast ; psoriatic arthritis ; pharmacokinetics studies ; solubility ; dissolution ; oral bioavailability ; functionalized fullerenes ; fullerenols ; antibiotics ; gentamicin ; antibacterial properties ; cytotoxicity ; skin fibroblasts ; nanomedicine ; tedizolid ; antimicrobial ; nanocrystals ; eyeirritation ; ocular pharmacokinetics ; transcorneal permeation ; quality by Design (QbD) ; nano-pharmaceuticals ; pharmaceutical industry ; polyamidoamine dendrimers ; erlotinib ; non-small-cell lung cancer ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: Processing and Conversion of Oil and Gas: Modeling, Control, Simulation, and Optimization describes the core of the activity of petrochemical engineers, process controller engineers, industrial engineers, energy engineers, and researchers in the oil and gas field. This reprint explores the modeling, control, simulation, and optimization of new and revamped petrochemical processes using proven software. Thus, it offers novel illustrative examples, prospective applications, and solutions to improve these processes. This reprint aims to combine theoretical principles with examples modeled by commonly used simulation software employing steady-state or dynamic process simulation. Furthermore, applying numerical methods and optimization at both the theoretical and practical levels is within the scope of this reprint.
    Keywords: jet stability ; swirl ; twist ; dominant mode ; Brassica Napus ; fatty acid methyl esters ; 2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol ; viscosity ; batch reactor ; kinetics ; self-excited oscillation pulse jet ; nozzle ; large eddy simulation ; peak velocity ; cavitation number ; coal tar ; wash oil ; nitrogen-containing compounds ; indole ; formamide equilibrium extraction ; price bubbles ; bubble length ; petroleum products ; GSADF ; Pakistan ; pipeline safety ; risk classification ; pipeline failure ; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process ; pipeline risk assessment ; shale gas pipelines ; pressure gradient ; gas–liquid two-phase flow ; flow patterns ; Generalized Additive Model ; dimensionless numbers ; discrete element method ; optimal design ; simulation analysis ; anti-corrosion pill particles ; butyl acetate ; acetic acid ; n-butanol ; esterification ; membrane reactor ; reactive distillation ; amberlyst-15 catalyst ; energy efficiency ; economic evaluation ; methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) ; acetone self-condensation ; selective hydrogenation ; process development ; heat integration ; economic analysis ; nano-Pd/nano-ZnCr2O4 catalyst ; dimethyl carbonate ; dimethyl oxalate ; oxidative carbonylation ; azeotropic distillation ; profitability analysis ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: After almost two decades of continuous development in bio, circular, and green economy, the time is ripe for the assessment of the major achievements and challenges that private and public enterprises face today to further enhance these global sustainability concepts. Due to the central role of political incentives for the development and implementation of environmentally friendly and sustainable practices, the present book project focuses on the nexus between public policies, institutions, quality of public sector management, and patterns of interaction between government and private businesses in backing bio, green, and circular economy practices and eco-innovation. In addition, the project also accommodates surveys that elaborate on the differences between the implementation of new organizational forms and scientific innovations in technologically advanced and developing settings.
    Keywords: energy demand ; renewable energy ; biomass ; energy policies ; organizational factors ; healthcare waste management practices ; public hospitals ; Libya ; consumers ; cluster analysis ; sustainable consumption ; mass media ; social media ; green hydrogen ; green hydrogen value chain ; developing countries ; renewable energy sources ; hydrogen strategy ; scaling ; upscaling ; scaling innovation ; innovation diffusion ; innovation ; systematic literature review ; garbage sorting ; urban garbage disposal ; rural garbage disposal ; willingness ; family life ; neighbourhood ; COVID-19 ; Pakistan economy ; economic scale ; Keynesian theory ; mitigation ; economic revival measures ; innovations ; renewable power ; rebound effect ; low-carbon economy ; carbon pricing policy ; border carbon tax ; Sino–US trade friction ; export grab effect ; firm innovation ; GDP prediction ; feature selection ; deep learning ; temporal convolutional network ; organizational sustainability ; social and economic sustainability ; knowledge sharing ; organizational agility ; organizational behavior ; sustainable organizations ; economic sustainability ; consumer experience ; sustainable commerce ; online consumer behaviour ; e-commerce platform ; online purchase intention ; online customer engagement ; energy security ; energy policy ; energy resources ; sustainability ; bibliometrics ; circular business model ; open business model ; sharing economy ; circular economy ; peer-to-peer ; electricity trading ; green product ; green consumer behavior ; environmental responsibility ; environmental concern ; green purchasing decisions ; green business ; consumption dimension ; production dimension ; financial dimension ; technological dimension ; fundraising campaigns ; social networking sites ; NPO ; humanitarian response ; Kuwait ; Bahrain ; Guatemala ; forest ; property rights ; community concession ; entrepreneurship ; forest sustainability ; economic development ; free-market environmentalism ; Latin America ; consumption coupons ; purchase probability ; inventory optimization ; minimum-cost maximum-flow ; bioeconomy ; green growth ; eco-innovation ; environmental Kuznets curve ; EKC ; environmental economics and policy ; ecological economics ; resource management ; sustainable development ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: It is currently apparent that extracellular ATP's physiological effect is mediated by its interaction with specific purinergic receptors. All purinergic receptors are divided into P1-purinoreceptors and P2-purinoreceptors. Each of the subtypes is divided into a number of families. For instance, P2 receptors are divided into P2X and P2Y receptors according to the mechanism by which their effect is realized: P2Y are G-protein-coupled receptors, while P2X receptors are ligand-operated ion channels. P2X receptors are important molecular therapeutic targets, the malfunctioning of which leads to severe complications in the physiology of humans and animals and causes dangerous diseases. The search for compounds that can modulate the function of purinergic receptors can lead to the creation of new drugs that are effective in central and peripheral nervous system and immune system disease treatment, including neuroinflammation, hypoxia/ischemia, epilepsy and neuropathic pain. In this Special Issue, we wish to offer a platform for high-quality publications on the latest advances in the identification of P2X/Y- and P1-receptor blockers, functions and regulation by them; the characterization of these receptor signaling networks and crosstalk; mechanisms underlying the role of purinoceptors in neurodegenerative illnesses as well as chronic neuronal changes following acute noxious damage and therapeutic opportunities associated with regulation of purinergic receptor activity.
    Keywords: adenosine receptors ; adipogenesis ; osteogenesis ; adipose tissue ; bone marrow ; obesity ; neonatal seizures ; development ; ATP ; purinergic signalling ; P2X7 receptor ; endometriosis ; adenosine ; P2Y ; P2X ; ectonucleotidases ; pain ; inflammation ; endometrium ; CD73 ; CD39 ; P2Y2 receptor ; P2X4 receptor ; canine ; dog ; DH82 ; macrophage ; neuroinflammation ; antinociception ; cerebral ischemia ; oxygen-glucose deprivation ; A2B receptors ; oligodendrocyte differentiation ; demyelination ; retina ; purinergic modulation ; glycinergic neurotransmission ; microglia ; neurodegeneration ; glycine transporters ; guanosine ; stroke ; neuroprotection ; purinergic signaling ; purinergic receptors ; autoimmune disease ; astroglia ; G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) ; neurite outgrowth ; montelukast ; NG2 ; ex vivo organotypic brain slice co-culture ; neurodegeneration and neuroregeneration ; n/a ; macrophages ; P2X7R ; pore formation ; inflammasome activation ; inflammatory diseases ; gallic acid ; visceral pain ; depression ; hippocampus ; spinal cord ; dorsal root ganglion ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Twelve edited original papers on the latest and state-of-art results of topics ranging from calibration, validation, and science to a wide range of applications using ALOS-2/PALSAR-2. We hope you will find them useful for your future research.
    Keywords: Sentinel-1 ; ALOS/PALSAR-2 ; land subsidence ; accuracy assessment ; Alexandria City ; Egypt ; local climate zone ; random forest ; feature importance ; land surface temperature ; grid cells ; Sentinel-2 ; PALSAR-2 ; ASTER ; soil moisture ; ALOS-2 ; GA-BP ; water cloud model ; L-band ; SAR ; backscattering ; soil moisture content ; LAI ; HH and HV polarization ; flood ; NoBADI ; Florida ; Hurricane Irma ; synthetic aperture radar ; polarimetric radar ; co-polarized phase difference ; radar scattering ; vegetation ; radar applications ; agriculture ; leaf area index ; leave-one-out cross-validation ; oil palm ; radar vegetation index ; vegetation descriptors ; ecosystem carbon cycle ; L-band SAR ; vegetation index ; random forest regression ; plantation ; permafrost ; InSAR ; Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ; ALOS ; thermal melting collapse ; Sentinel-1A ; SBAS-InSAR ; heavy forest area ; potential landslide identification ; SAR-based landslide detection ; Growing Split-Based Approach (GSBA) ; Hokkaido landslide ; Putanpunas landslide ; SAR polarimetry ; model-free 3-component decomposition for full polarimetric data (MF3CF) ; radar polarimetry ; calibration ; Faraday rotation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In the last decade, design and material innovations for manufacturing composites have reached new heights. Thermoplastic polymers and their composites have become the most in-demand materials in recent times as they provide numerous advantages over thermoset composites. Thermoplastic polymers have a high damage tolerance, high impact resistance, recyclability, formability, weldability, repairability, and cost-effectiveness compared with thermoset composites. Thermoplastic polymers and composites are widely used in automotive, aerospace, electrical and electronics, industrial, and medical applications. Thermoplastic composites are estimated to grow from USD 28.0 billion in 2019 to USD 36.0 billion by 2024. High-performance thermoplastic materials are used in conjunction with a multitude of manufacturing processes like injection moulding, thermoforming, prepreg, liquid injection processes, automated tape placement, filament winding, pultrusion, additive manufacturing, and other processes. The material limits, design, and assembly requirements, as well as the processing constraints, are significantly important for the realisation of novel product development using a manufacturing process by simultaneously optimising reliability, safety, and other performance-related issues. The current thermoplastic material systems and manufacturing techniques still have plenty of room for optimisation and advancement. This reprint presents the latest scientific and technical advances in thermoplastic materials and their composites, processing, characterisation, product development, and manufacturing process parameter optimisations.
    Keywords: thermoplastic composites ; automated tape placement ; fibre misalignment ; voids ; CT scan ; circular distribution ; textured surface ; scratch ; scratch resistance ; thermoplastic polymer ; finite element modelling ; antimicrobial ; metallic ions ; ligand ; copper nanoparticles ; polypropylene ; thermoplastic resin ; process modeling ; filament winding ; automated fiber placement ; EWF ; polymer-layered silicates ; oMMT ; clay minerals ; mechanical properties ; nanocomposite ; physio-thermo-mechanical properties ; polyurethane ; polymers ; bio-applications ; energetic binder ; block copolyurethane ; sensitivity ; mechanical property ; thermal behavior ; bone scaffold ; recycled bone powder ; chitosan ; PLA ; PCL ; antibacterial activity ; aircraft cabin interior panels ; optimal curing of prepregs ; foams ; non-structural composite panels ; thermoplastic starch ; nanocomposites ; biopolymers ; properties ; packaging ; nanofiller ; vacuum forming ; thermoplastic face sheets ; polyphenylene sulfone ; cardo fragments ; IR spectroscopy ; heat resistance ; thermostability ; FDM ; oil palm fiber ; ABS ; rheology ; 4D printing ; material programming ; digital fabrication ; shape-memory polymers ; PPS ; carbon nanotubes ; thermal analysis ; electrical properties ; rheological properties ; resin transfer molding ; non-crimp fabrics ; consolidation ; ultra-high molecular weight component ; rheological property ; crystallization behavior ; polyimide foam ; rigid closed-cell foam ; high temperature ; benzimidazole ; polyamide 12 ; carbon nanofiller ; carbon nanotube ; graphene nanoplatelet ; 3D printing ; thermal conductivity ; compound ; fluorinated aromatic polyimide ; low dielectric loss ; molecular chain orientation ; molecular dynamics simulation ; long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic ; fiber length ; fiber orientation ; injection molding ; hollow composite tubes ; bending ; failure mechanisms ; in situ consolidation ; void content ; processing parameters ; thermosetting resins ; thermoplastics ; co-bonding ; interphase ; diffusion ; adhesion ; phosphorescent composites ; compatibilizer ; thermal and mechanical ; composite ; thermoplastic ; thermoforming ; simulation ; Taguchi ; DOE ; oil palm fiber composites ; 3D composites ; thermoset ; off-axis flexure behaviour ; on-axis flexure behaviour ; hybrid fibers ; hybrid composites ; vacuum assisted resin infusion (VARI) ; fracture toughness ; fractography ; reinforcements ; thermal properties ; biobased polymer composites ; polymer modification ; PBAT ; starch ; microcrystalline cellulose ; biodegradable ; polyethylene glycol ; poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) ; supercritical CO2 ; foam ; thermoplastic matrix composites ; impregnation processes ; manufacturing ; fiber reinforced ; processing ; retrogradation ; extrusion ; co-plasticization ; isosorbide ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book focuses on advanced techniques to reduce the impact of the transport sector and, more specifically, of Spark-Ignition (SI) Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) on atmospheric air pollution and climate change. Hybrid vehicles represent the most suitable option for addressing these issues in the medium term, since hybridization allows us to overcome the major disadvantages of ICEs, electric units, and energy storage devices and merge their respective benefits. In this scenario, ICEs will remain the core component of automotive propulsion systems in the years to come. Of course, further efforts to improve the efficiency and reduce the pollutant and CO2 emissions of ICEs are necessary.
    Keywords: washcoat ; powder material bulk density ; coating ; backpressure ; PN filtration efficiency ; spark ignition engine ; combined method of power regulation ; fuel economy ; the idling mode ; switching off the cylinder group ; spark-ignition engine ; model predictive control ; electric pump ; engine thermal management ; Miller cycles ; early intake valve closing ; electro hydraulic valve train ; energy balance ; heat losses ; spark plug ; new design ; experimental analysis ; thermo-mechanical model ; Inconel 601 ; virtual engine calibration ; ultra-lean combustion ; hybrid vehicle ; 0D-1D engine modelling ; internal combustion engine ; combustion ; emission ; RANS simulation ; turbocharged gasoline engine ; port water injection ; predictive combustion model ; knock mitigation ; engine performance ; virtual test rig ; engine fan ; rotor blade ; electromagnetic scattering characteristic ; dynamic simulation ; grid transformation ; hybrid powertrain ; optimization strategy ; computational efficiency ; energy management ; biodiesel ; load ; heat loss ; cylinder pressure ; heat release rate ; python ; CFD ; cycle-to-cycle variations ; knock ; efficiency improvement ; CO2 emissions ; control ; adaptive strategy ; modeling ; transport ; engines ; diesel oil ; biocomponents ; environment ; sustainable development ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: The reprint focused on innovative developments in the fields of advanced propulsion system and thermal management technology. Propulsion systems develop along the direction of wide speed range and long endurance both for civil aircrafts and military applications. The research works of propulsion systems mainly include overall design, combustion, aerodynamic, internal flows and heat transfer etc. High efficiency is pursed not only by optimized designs but also from development of materials as well as application of new fuel. Along with development of high efficiency propulsion system, thermal management technology is also developed to meet the demand of external aerodynamic heating and internal combustion heat at a high flight speed. Common thermal management technology includes blade cooling in gas turbines and regenerative cooling in rocket engines. Thermal protection of engines achieves high efficiency by heat transfer enhancement, such as use of superficial fluid, nanofluids and new designed roughened surfaces. Also, some heat transfer enhancement methods in heat exchangers, battery and fuel cells are also introduced into propulsion systems.
    Keywords: auto-ignition ; supersonic flow ; initial flame kernel ; oblique shock ; recirculating region ; improved body force model ; off-design ; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations ; meridional entropy gradient ; rotor 37 ; rolling motion ; subcooled flow boiling ; transverse flow ; subchannel ; VOF ; printed circuit heat exchanger ; NACA airfoil fins ; micro gas turbine recuperator ; thermo-hydraulic ; parametric study ; ventilation ; solar greenhouse ; numerical simulation ; system design ; n/a ; thrust vector control ; supersonic jet ; nozzle ; flow entrainment ; Coanda effect ; schlieren method ; scramjet ; regenerative cooling ; coupled heat transfer ; pyrolysis ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This overview of the most recent advances in the field of SMA research and applications in civil engineering aims to help remove the knowledge barriers across disciplines and sheds considerable light on the opportunity to commercialize SMA products in the construction industry.
    Keywords: seismic analysis ; rocking pier ; shape memory alloy ; ECC material ; bridge engineering ; television transmission tower ; seismic excitation ; shape memory alloy damper ; parametric study ; vibration control ; shape memory alloys ; engineered cementitious composites ; composites materials ; self-recovery capacity ; bending behavior ; machine learning ; artificial neural networks ; superelastic ; parameter identification ; constitutive model ; thermodynamic parameters ; shape memory alloy (SMA) ; self-centering SMA brace ; loading rate ; initial strain ; energy dissipation coefficient ; self-centering ; beam-column joints ; seismic performance ; iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) ; shape memory effect ; martensitic transformation ; prestressing ; low cycle fatigue ; seismic ; damping ; transmission tower ; wind excitation ; SMA damper ; energy response ; viscoelastic ; brace ; hybrid control ; seismic resilience ; self-centering rocking (SCR) piers ; seismic fragility ; resilience ; life-cycle loss ; ferrous shape memory alloys ; prestress ; recovery stress ; relaxation ; thermomechanical behavior ; fatigue ; active materials ; low-cost SMAs ; civil engineering applications ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue, entitled “Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods: Bridging Health and Food Under a New Perspective”, aims to approach the current state-of-the-art research on nutraceuticals and functional foods. The main issue in this field of research is the sustainability and recovery of bioactive substances from vegetal- or animal-origin byproducts to project and realize novel food supplements and nutraceuticals. Low environmental impact, safety, new food sources and analytical methodologies are of growing interest in the research area of food. The perspective approach addresses the mechanism of action of nutraceuticals, safety and functional foods and nutraceuticals’ mechanisms of action, revealing new possibilities for their use as tools in a complementary proactive approach to certain health issues to prevent the onset of health conditions or to be used in subjects who do not qualify for a conventional therapeutical approach. The areas involved in this perspective range from food chemistry and analysis to nutrition and from safety to sustainability; new therapeutical approaches and novel techniques of analysis and formulation are also involved, which require a wide inter- and multi-disciplinary approach. The overall assessment of these aspects creates new challenges for research and also impacts sustainability, health and safety. This Special Issue may also consider the bridging of health and food in their different declinations from a new perspective.
    Keywords: Food and by-products ; Functional foods and novel sources ; Health and beneficial properties ; Nutraceuticals and novel sources ; Prevention ; Clinical data ; In vitro and in vivo data ; Nanonutraceuticals and nanodelivery ; Clinical experience ; Formulation and novel sources ; Mechanism of action ; Analytical aspects ; Safety ; Interactions with active molecules. ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Multicomponent pharmaceutical materials are solids in which at least one component is an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). This kind of pharmaceutical solid has attracted interest in the past decade as a promising alternative to the laborious and expensive process of traditional pipeline drug development. The application of crystal engineering techniques into the design of pharmaceutical salts, co-crystals, and other multicomponent materials, in addition to the achievement of more environmentally friendly synthetic approaches, has succeeded in modulating the physicochemical, mechanical, and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs, thereby working toward the enhancement of their clinical performance. This Special Issue welcomed original research articles and reviews devoted to all aspects related to the field of multicomponent pharmaceutical solids. Our interests include the fundamentals of applied research, using theoretical and experimental approaches, the development of synthetic methods, the screening of multicomponent materials, structure–activity rationale, the salt–co-crystal continuum identification, the enhancement in physicochemical/mechanical/pharmacokinetic performance, as well as the functionality and applications of multicomponent pharmaceuticals solids.
    Keywords: solvate ; polymorph ; bilastine ; crystal structure determination ; single crystal X-ray diffraction ; structure determination from powder diffraction ; aripiprazole ; multicomponent crystal ; crystal structure ; solubility ; drug–drug cocrystal ; furosemide ; ethenzamide ; piroxicam ; mechanochemical synthesis ; amorphous drug ; characterization methods ; crystallization ; physical stability ; molecular mobility ; aminoglutethimide ; eutectic mixture ; melt phase diagram ; nucleobases ; multicomponent solids ; crystal engineering ; DFT ; H-bonding ; pyridinecarboxamides ; cocrystals ; mandelic acid ; X-ray structure ; DFT calculations ; xanthines ; theophylline ; squaric acid ; controlled release ; dissolution ; lidocaine ; mechanochemistry ; multicomponent materials ; API ; pharmaceutical solids ; diclofenac ; pharmaceutical solid forms ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This is a reprint of a Special Issue of Energies, titled "Condition Monitoring and Failure Prevention of Electric Machines". This Special Issue primarily focused on the issues related to the advanced monitoring, diagnosis, and prevention of typical and complex faults in all kinds of electric machines. Four guest editors, namely Prof. Yu-Ling He (Department of Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, China), Prof. David Gerada (PEMC group, University of Nottingham, UK), Prof. Conggan Ma (School of Automotive Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, China), and Prof. Haisen Zhao (School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, North China Electric Power University, China), worked together on this Special Issue.
    Keywords: synchronous generator ; dynamic rotor interturn short circuit (DRISC) ; electromagnetic torque (EMT) ; magneto-motive force (MMF) ; harmonic component ; line start permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor ; power factor curve valley ; efficiency ; whole load region ; in situ efficiency ; induction motors ; quantum particle swarm optimization ; trust region algorithm ; QPSO-TRA ; rotor slot harmonics frequencies ; linear motor feeding system ; lack of abnormal samples ; deep neural network ; anomaly detection ; semi-supervised anomaly detection generative adversarial network (GANomaly) ; long short-term memory (LSTM) network ; doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) ; radial static air-gap eccentricity (RSAGE) ; radial dynamic air-gap eccentricity (RDAGE) ; radial hybrid air-gap eccentricity (RHAGE) ; circulating current inside parallel branches (CCPB) ; hydro-turbine modeling ; dynamic modeling ; transient processes ; hydropower ; hydropower plants ; mathematical modeling ; water flow inertia ; artificial neural networks ; contrast estimation ; fault diagnosis ; short-circuited turns ; transformer fault ; vibroacoustic signals ; condition monitoring ; demagnetization ; direct torque control ; eccentricity ; field oriented control ; high resistance connection ; turn-to-turn short circuit ; permanent magnet synchronous machine ; supervised classification ; power supply systems ; unbalanced load flows ; unbalanced load ; parameter identification ; hybrid surrogate model ; performance optimization ; Kriging ; RBF ; genetic algorithm ; pulse-jet cleaning ; field-oriented control ; symmetrical components ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue of Atmosphere, “Atmospheric Aqueous-Phase Chemistry”, comprises ten original articles dealing with different aspects of chemistry in atmospheric liquid water. Liquid water in cloud and fog droplets and in moist aerosol particles is ubiquitous in the atmosphere. Dissolved species from the soluble aerosol fraction, as well as soluble trace gases, undergo chemical reactions in the aqueous phase via different mechanisms, usually yielding different products from those in the gas phase. In addition to their different reactivity, the chemical species solubility determines their fate in the atmosphere, i.e., their involvement in gas-phase or aqueous-phase chemistry.The articles of this Special Issue can be divided into three groups: (i) the first is mostly based on field measurements and/or combined field and modeling studies giving insights into the chemical characterization of different atmospheric liquid water samples from various environments; (ii) the second group is focused on studies of aqueous-phase reactivity of some important atmospheric organic compounds; and (iii) the final group comprises articles based on predictive modeling and/or combined modeling and laboratory studies providing insight into aqueous secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation.
    Keywords: secondary organic aerosol ; isoprene epoxydiol ; aqueous aerosol ; cloudwater ; reduced sulfur species ; marine aerosols ; water-soluble fraction ; voltammetry ; mercapto-type compounds ; Rogoznica Lake ; atmospheric processes ; rate constants ; atmospheric pollutants ; advanced oxidation processes ; brown carbon chromophores ; biomass burning ; photooxidation ; nitration ; nitrophenols ; methylnitrocatechols ; mass absorption coefficient ; organic carbon ; surface-active substances ; trace elements ; long-range transport ; dibenzothiophene ; intermediate-volatility organic compounds ; aqueous phase ; brown carbon ; PM2.5 ; air quality ; aerosol liquid water ; OH radicals ; dicarboxylic acids ; succinic acid ; pimelic acid ; aqueous phase chemistry ; absorbance ; modeling ; Puy de Dôme station (PUY) ; cloud chemistry and physics ; air mass history ; oceanic vs. continental influences ; partial least squares (PLS) regression ; atmospheric aqueous-phase chemistry ; multiphase chemistry ; organic pollutants ; inorganic species ; kinetic studies ; mechanistic studies ; chemical mechanisms ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: We are honored to announce this reprint, containing contributions from the top experts in the field of logic and fuzzy logic. In total, this reprint consists of 10 papers that were selected from more than 20 submissions. The 10 papers comprising the reprint are the product of re-known experts in fuzzy logic from all over the world, such as Canada, Poland, China, Slovakia, Lithuania, Turkey, Pakistan, Germany, Serbia, Portugal, Taiwan, Norway, India, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, and Mexico. We expect that the papers comprising the Special Issue will contribute to an advancement in the state of the art in the fields of logic and also fuzzy logic.
    Keywords: fuzzy-sets ; fuzzy-random variables ; distribution generating function ; fuzzy binomial distribution ; Fuchs distribution ; MADM ; Aczel–Alsina operations ; IVIFNs ; IVIF Aczel–Alsina geometric aggregation operators ; interval type-3 fuzzy theory ; fuzzy control ; manufacturing ; Vietè’s method ; Newton–Raphson method ; regula falsi method ; testing of algorithms ; foundations of mathematics ; arithmetic ; set theory ; spatial fuzzy C-means ; COVID-19 ; rustbelt states ; extrapolation ; interpolation ; proving ; refuting ; improving ; fuzzy set ; linear Diophantine fuzzy sets ; linear Diophantine fuzzy relations ; level cut relations ; rough approximations on two universes ; decision analysis ; multi-valued logic trees ; hydraulic proportional valve ; weighting factors ; optimization ; granular computing ; formal concept analysis ; intuitionistic fuzzy sets ; periodicity ; spatial and temporal aspects ; knowledge discovery ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint delves deep into the principles, practices, and possibilities of the sustainable circular bioeconomy. Within these pages, you will find a wealth of knowledge and insights contributed by experts, researchers, and practitioners who have dedicated their lives to advancing the boundaries of sustainability. Each chapter of this reprint is carefully crafted to provide a holistic view of the subject, covering a wide range of topics, including renewable energy, waste management, food–energy–water nexus, digital innovation in sustainability, aquaculture, agriculture, biotechnology, and more.
    Keywords: bioeconomy ; digitalization ; platform-based bioeconomy ; smart and sustainable development ; governance ; oyster mushroom ; agro-industry ; wastes ; productivity ; quality ; DDGS ; alternative diet for swine ; byproduct diet ; global warming potential ; standard corn–soybean meal ; biomass ; self-sufficiency ; material flow ; import dependency ; Kolleru Lake ; land use ; aquafarming ; fishponds ; illegal fishponds ; food–water–soil–ecosystem nexus ; Google Earth Engine ; freshwater ecosystem web model ; India’s largest freshwater lake ; NTFP ; NWFP ; Kashmir Himalayas ; livelihood ; income inequality ; Lorenz curve ; Gini coefficient ; aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) ; liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) ; pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) ; solid–liquid extraction (SLE) ; natural products ; cocoa bean shell (CBS) ; precipitation ; total phenolic content (TPC) ; land expansion ; biofuels ; Green GDP ; computable general equilibrium ; life cycle impact assessment ; Water-Energy-Food nexus ; excellence models ; agro-industrial companies ; decision-support tool ; sustainable development ; innovative solutions ; new business ; horizon scanning ; Phoenix dactylifera L. ; date palm drying ; solar dryer ; PV winnower ; economic evaluation ; hybrid solar dryer ; apparel ; clothing industry ; apparel consumer behavior ; circular economy lens ; mindful clothing consumption ; sustainable fashion ; green fashion ; circular textiles ; sustainable garments ; green consumer ; life cycle thinking of textiles ; responsible consumption ; bioeconomy strategy ; policy coherence ; policy framework ; strategic development ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Nowadays, diet-related non-communicable diseases and their complications are one of the most important public health problems worldwide. Food supplements and functional foods are considered food products which contribute to the achievement of optimal nutritional well-being, health status, and quality of life through reducing the risk of diseases and promoting the appropriate function of human organs and systems. Nowadays, the assessment of these functional foods and the study of their implications in nutrition and health are important challenges in societies of developed countries where consumers increasingly demand foods with added value beyond the provision of nutrients and the satisfaction of appetite. In this reprint, the characterization of the nutritional composition and phytochemicals of functional foods and food supplements as well as the evaluation of their potential health benefits in different disorders and diseases through clinical trials or preliminary studies are addressed.
    Keywords: food supplement ; folic acid ; pregnancy ; food safety ; health claims ; nutrition ; Amazonian fruits ; composition ; metabolic effects ; royal jelly ; acetylcholine ; fatty acid ; ophthalmology ; dry eye ; magnesium ; pharmacy ; food supplements ; drugstore ; functional foods ; healthy eating ; credibility ; extrinsic attributes ; conjoint analysis ; Mediterranean diet ; phytonutrients ; dietary recommendations ; healthy diet ; polyphenols ; flavonoids ; carotenoids ; organosulfur ; caffeine ; antidiabetic activity ; antioxidant activity ; inhibition of α-glucosidase ; inhibition of α-amylase ; inhibition of collagenase ; kombucha ; bacteria ; yeast ; metagenome ; metabolome ; tea polyphenols ; antioxidants ; Glossogyne tenuifolia ; exercise ; forelimb grip strength ; lactate ; ammonia ; creatine kinase ; medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) ; obesity ; energy expenditure ; diet-derived fat ; postprandial resting metabolism ; sedentary ; octanoic acid ; decanoic acid ; creatine ; magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; cost-effectiveness ; brain ; muscle ; healthcare ; anthocyanins ; organosulfur compounds ; tannins ; phenolic acids ; Persea americana ; non-alcoholic liver disease ; liver enzymes ; inflammation ; oxidative stress ; novel foods ; novel ingredients ; extracts ; risk assessment ; dietary supplements ; HPLC ; food authenticity ; neural tube defects ; food ; food analysis ; food ingredients ; infant formula ; kynurenic acid ; (poly)phenol-based supplement ; pharmacokinetics ; urinary excretion ; bioavailability ; inter-individual variability ; non-invasive brain stimulation ; TMS ; a-tDCS ; indicaxanthin ; brain food ; cortical excitability ; homeostatic plasticity ; trans-resveratrol ; regulation ; labels ; nutrition claims ; high-performance thin-layer chromatography ; HPTLC ; glutamine ; intestinal stem cells ; crypt ; proliferation ; burns ; micronutrient ; health claim ; labeling ; European legislation ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This book focuses on advanced research topics on human lactation, such as breastfeeding experiences, milk composition and production, COVID-19 and human milk, food allergens in human milk, the human milk microbiome, and the impacts of human milk on infant growth and development. The symposium proceedings aim to add diversity, passion, and innovation to lactation research and have a positive impact on mothers, infants, and communities worldwide, showcasing integrative mother/infant-centered research.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Semiconductor lasers are carriers of both energy for industry and information for optical communications. The recent progress in research on semiconductor lasers has offered new perspectives regarding both their material growth and structural design. Most of the papers are review papers that briefly overview different types of semiconductors. Some of the papers include the newest research results. We all hope that this Special Issue can shed light on recent advances in the field of semiconductor lasers and their applications so that most of the readers’ concerns about semiconductor lasers can be addressed and a conversation can be initiated.
    Keywords: silicon substrate ; narrow linewidth ; widely tunable ; external cavity ; high-power semiconductor laser ; failure mechanisms ; accelerated aging test ; failure analysis techniques ; FSBDG ; FBG ; silicon-based waveguide ; confocal F-P cavity ; DFB laser array ; multi-wavelength ; series and parallel ; optical communication ; photonic integrated circuits ; selective area epitaxy ; MOCVD ; semiconductor laser ; quantum dot ; heteroepitaxy ; EML ; multi-wavelength laser arrays ; optical crystals ; 1.3 μm laser ; passively Q-switched laser ; all-solid-state-laser ; saturable absorber ; perovskite lasers ; perovskite semiconductors ; solution process ; vertical external cavity surface-emitting laser ; laser resonator ; wireless power charging ; detection ; ECQCL ; QCL ; tunable ; diode laser array ; external cavity feedback ; volume Bragg grating ; tuning central wavelength ; diamond ; thermal effect ; high power ; thermal-structural coupling model ; temperature effects ; carrier confinement ; internal quantum efficiency ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: We are facing a complicated public health issue in the form of global drug shortages, including antibiotics. Synthetic biology empowers the next generation of antibiotics development, bringing us into a new era.
    Keywords: global regulator ; milbemycins ; Streptomyces bingchenggensis ; SspH ; actinorhodin ; avermectin ; ceftriaxone ; hepatotoxicity ; metal complexes ; oxidative stress ; Streptomyces ; comparative transcriptome ; polyether antibiotics ; salinomycin ; exporter genes ; spectroscopic studies ; antioxidant capacities ; hepatic functions ; cancer cells ; cefotaxime ; Inonotus hispidus ; natural product ; biological activity ; medicinal fungi ; phytochemicals ; antimicrobial agents ; biosynthetic pathway ; secondary metabolites ; 1-benzazepine ; l-kynurenine ; genome mining ; biosynthesis ; iterative methyltransferase ; genetic dereplication ; cyclodipeptide ; OSMAC ; cytotoxicity ; Zymomonas mobilis ; antibiotic resistance ; ampicillin ; genome editing ; CRISPR−Cas12a ; resistance selection markers ; traditional Chinese medicine ; antifungal drug ; immune regulation ; combination of drugs ; fungal infection ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This volume 'Sustainability in Heritage and Urban Planning’ represents an extraordinary collection of papers spanning a broad spectrum of topics at the intersection of sustainability and heritage in urban planning. These articles included here are intellectually stimulating and vital in our contemporary context. From adaptive reuse of cultural landscapes to passive strategies in vernacular architecture, and from commercial culture's impact on urban structures to sustainable management of historic greenery, these articles cover a wide spectrum of crucial subjects. Each article contributes unique insights to the fields of architecture, heritage, urban planning, and sustainability. Explore these articles and join the conversation on shaping our built environment and cultural heritage.
    Keywords: [cultural historic heritage] ; [circular economy] ; [historic centers] ; [integrated adaptive reuse projects] ; [vernacular housing] ; [passive design strategies] ; [urban heritage] ; [cultural value] ; [sustainable urban renewal] ; [urban regeneration] ; [historic district] ; [spatial morphology] ; [conservation strategy] ; [cultural landscape] ; [intangible cultural heritage] ; multi-methodological assessment] ; [economic feasibility] ; [financial sustainability]. ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In order to build a promising future, health and sustainability must be interelated. Marine, forestry, agriculture, and food systems are important sources of bioproducts used in health applications. To explore the potential of such sources for the development of natural products capable of biological activities, it is necessary to develop new technologically sustainable strategies. Despite the range of natural compounds already available, there is a need to identify bioactive molecules (e.g., polysaccharides, proteins and peptides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and polyphenols) from different natural sources with positive health properties, including antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, antimicrobial, anti-atherosclerotic, antioxidant, antithrombotic, immune-modulatory, relaxing, and satiety-inducing effects. The Second Edition of this Special Issue aimed to identify and gather works on the latest varied sources of bioproducts, the biological and functional activities of these bioactive compounds, their mechanisms of action, and the methods used for extraction and purification, without losing our focus on alignment with the concept of green technology.
    Keywords: Lavandula coronopifolia ; Culex pipiens ; larvicidal ; antibiofilm formation ; LC-MS/MS ; molecular networking ; valonea tannin ; hydrolysable tannin ; tyrosinase ; enzyme binding ; enzyme inhibition ; inhibition mechanism ; grape by-products ; ohmic heating ; conventional methods ; biological properties ; phenolic compounds ; anthocyanins ; antimicrobial ; antioxidant activity ; honey ; wound-healing ; antioxidant ; hydrogels ; dermal repair ; hydrogel ; jackfruit seeds flour ; functional properties ; dietary fiber ; prebiotic ; anticancer activity ; bacteriophage ; endolysin ; enzybiotics ; biopreservation ; anti-hypertensive ; proteins ; sustainability ; marine species ; marine hydrolysates ; gastrointestinal health ; natural anti-inflammatory ; natural antioxidant ; natural anti-cancer ; nutraceutical ; watercress ; ADME ; apoptosis ; Bursatella leachii ink ; caspase ; target prediction ; TP53 ; liver cancer ; HIF-1α ; hypoxia ; metastasis ; angiogenesis ; cancer stem cells ; natural compounds ; synthetic drugs ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The need for electromechanical energy conversion that takes place in electric motors, generators, and actuators is an important aspect associated with current development. The efficiency and effectiveness of the conversion process depends on both the design of the devices and the materials used in those devices. In this context, this book addresses important aspects of electrical machines, namely their materials, design, and optimization. It is essential for the design process of electrical machines to be carried out through extensive numerical field computations. Thus, the reprint also focuses on the accuracy of these computations, as well as the quality of the material models that are adopted. Another aspect of interest is the modeling of properties such as hysteresis, alternating and rotating losses and demagnetization. In addition, the characterization of materials and their dependence on mechanical quantities such as stresses and temperature are also considered. The reprint also addresses another aspect that needs to be considered for the development of the optimal global system in some applications, which is the case of drives that are associated with electrical machines.
    Keywords: switched reluctance motor drive ; model predictive control ; continuous control set ; pulse-width modulation ; magnetization surface ; electrical drive ; magnetic permeability ; effective parameters ; induction motor ; finite element method ; linear electric actuators ; linear switched reluctance actuators ; permanent magnets ; linear hybrid reluctance actuators ; machine design ; finite element analysis ; detent force reduction ; flux switching ; performance comparison ; torque density ; permanent magnet (PM) ; eddy current loss ; heat generation ; magnetic circuit ; magnetic composite material ; spatial harmonics ; concentrated winding motor ; additive manufacturing ; convolution ; infinite impulse response (IIR) filters ; additive white noise ; DC drift ; magnetic flux density ; magnetic hysteresis ; kernel ; magnetic materials ; soft magnetic materials ; selective laser melting ; iron losses ; magnetic properties ; transformer ; induction motors ; surrogate optimization ; Box–Behnken design ; Latin-hypercube sampling ; clustering ; particle swarm optimization ; pattern search ; SRM ; PV panels ; water pumping system ; multilevel converter ; fault-tolerant ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Transportation is one of the most crucial aspects across the world, supporting the daily life of human beings and the sustainable development of the whole of society. Generally, meteorology causes various impacts on transportation operation, safety and efficiency. In the context of global warming, increasing numbers of extreme weather and climate events (such as fog, icy roads, and extreme winds) have been detected worldwide and are expected to occur more frequently in the future. Meanwhile, extreme events, such as dense fog, rainstorm, and blizzard, tend to damage transportation and traffic facilities (such as express ways, port, airport, and high-speed railway) and induce serious traffic blocks and accidents. In recent decades, concentrated and continuous efforts have been made to carry out meteorological analyses regardless of urban traffic or transportation conditions, including those of highways, shipping, aviation, etc. A number of methods and techniques have been intensively developed to promote the qualities of both observations and forecasts. More recently, state-of-the-art machine learning frameworks have also been widely introduced into studies regarding transportation meteorology and many other fields.
    Keywords: transportation meteorology ; pavement temperature prediction ; deep learning ; BiLSTM ; attention mechanisms ; winter icing ; air pollution ; traffic vitality ; built environment ; spatial correlation ; spatial lag model ; phone signaling data ; air quality ; behavioral habits ; activity density ; population distribution ; land use mix ; wind forecast ; error decomposition ; bias ; distribution ; sequence ; urban meteorology ; observation ; forecast ; early warning ; review ; China ; low-level wind shear ; ensemble learning classifiers ; Bayesian optimization ; SHapley Additive exPlanations ; wind shear ; go-around ; machine learning ; dynamic ensemble selection ; civil aviation safety ; pilot reports ; self-paced ensemble ; Shapley additive explanations ; climate change ; climatology ; sea ice ; marginal sea ; East Asia ; time-series modeling ; pavement temperature ; nowcasting ; variation characteristics ; forecast validation ; relative humidity ; microwave radiometer data ; total rainfall ; precipitation duration ; vertical distribution ; Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region ; rail breakage ; frequency ; high-speed railway ; Siberian high ; teleconnection ; temperature ; Qinling mountains ; rainfall ; change characteristics ; geographical factors ; highways ; road blockage ; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process ; CRITIC weight assignment method ; road network vulnerability ; spatiotemporal distribution ; precipitation forecast ; ConvLSTM ; PredRNN ; expressway ; agglomerate fog ; risk level prediction of fog-related accidents ; meteorological conditions ; road hidden dangers ; traffic flow conditions ; visibility ; Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea ; observation data ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: There has been significant growth in branches of industry directly related to new materials, such as metals, polymers, and composite materials. Considering the increase in material costs, it has become exceedingly important to produce lightweight constructions through the use of certified materials with appropriate mechanical properties. Many composite materials, especially in building engineering, are characterized by the use of waste materials, allowing them to meet environmental demands and often also positively affecting the performance (as well as mechanical) properties of the whole construction. A similar phenomenon has been noticed in polymers and metals, with the “ecologically friendly” factor having increasing influence in such materials. The main aim of our Special Issue was to gather novel research results concerning different materials available for all important industries—building engineering, the heavy industry, automotive, aerospace, and medicine. Such a general title has been proposed to also include different manufacturing technologies using various materials—conventional (milling, casting, forming, and turning) and novel (hybrid and additive manufacturing).
    Keywords: additive manufacturing ; powder bed fusion ; 316L stainless steel ; ultrasonic atomization ; gas atomization ; three-point bending ; polyamide-based composites ; fused filament fabrication ; concrete additives ; concrete fibers ; concrete strength tests ; threshold effect ; flake graphene ; graphene oxide ; reduced graphene oxide ; lubricants ; grease ; fatigue life prediction ; CuZn37 brass ; machine learning ; IPCs ; ceramic preform ; ceramic–elastomer composite ; silane coupling agent ; hot isostatic pressing (HIP) ; wettability ; mechanical properties ; mechanical engineering ; laser powder bed fusion ; 21 NiCrMo2 steel ; process parameters ; post-heat treatment ; torsional strength ; cellular structures ; 20MnCr5 Steel ; cement–glass composite bricks ; digital image correlation analysis ; material extrusion ; PET-G ; waste disposal ; hybrid additive manufacturing ; lattice structures ; hot isostatic pressing ; fatigue behaviour ; polymer–straw boards ; thermoplastic polymers ; annual plants ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint focuses on the application of the combination of synthetic aperture radars and depth learning technology. It aims to further promote the development of SAR image intelligent interpretation technology. A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an important active microwave imaging sensor, whose all-day and all-weather working capacity give it an important place in the remote sensing community. Since the United States launched the first SAR satellite, SAR has received much attention in the remote sensing community, e.g., in geological exploration, topographic mapping, disaster forecast, and traffic monitoring. It is valuable and meaningful, therefore, to study SAR-based remote sensing applications. In recent years, deep learning represented by convolution neural networks has promoted significant progress in the computer vision community, e.g., in face recognition, the driverless field and Internet of things (IoT). Deep learning can enable computational models with multiple processing layers to learn data representations with multiple-level abstractions. This can greatly improve the performance of various applications. This reprint provides a platform for researchers to handle the above significant challenges and present their innovative and cutting-edge research results when applying deep learning to SAR in various manuscript types, e.g., articles, letters, reviews and technical reports.
    Keywords: heterogeneous transformation ; SAR image ; optical image ; conditional generative adversarial nets (CGANs) ; self-supervised ; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ; despeckling ; enhanced U-Net ; video synthetic aperture radar (Video-SAR) ; moving target tracking ; guided anchor Siamese network (GASN) ; interferometric synthetic aperture radar ; deep convolutional neural network ; phase unwrapping ; unsupervised change detection ; polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) ; UAVSAR ; multi-scale shallow block ; multi-scale residual block ; synthetic aperture radar ; image registration ; transformer ; deep learning ; SAR target detection ; multiscale learning ; ship detection ; SAR ship detection ; position-enhanced attention ; lightweight backbone ; image augmentation ; building extraction ; SAR ; semantic segmentation ; SAR dataset ; single-stage detector ; two-stage detector ; anchor free ; train from scratch ; oriented bounding box ; multi-scale detection ; computer vision ; low-grade road extraction ; remote sensing ; image segmentation ; optical images ; scene classification ; on-board ; lightweight self-supervised algorithm ; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image ; arbitrary-oriented ship detection ; differentiable rotational IoU algorithm ; triangle distance IoU loss ; attention-weighted feature pyramid network ; multiple skip-scale connections ; attention-weighted feature fusion ; Rotated-SARShip dataset (RSSD) ; object classification ; radar image reconstruction ; convolutional neural networks ; ResNet18 ; GBSAR ; Omega-K algorithm ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: Updates the policy context of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) patient safety initiative; documents the current priorities and activities undertaken; and assesses contributions of health information technology projects and dissemination actions to support adoption of evidence-based safe practices. Discusses implications for future AHRQ policy, programming, and research; suggests ways to strengthen AHRQ activities.
    Keywords: Health Sciences ; Management & Organizational Behavior ; Technology ; Political Science ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV2 Personnel & human resources management ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBQ Medicolegal issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBG Medical equipment & techniques::MBGR Medical research ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government::JPQB Central government policies ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 78
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint is based on “Antimicrobial resistance and anti-biofilms” in the journal Antibiotics since November of 2020. This reprint has one editorial article, eight research articles, one review article, and one case report article, covering a time period of 15 months from December of 2021 to February of 2023. Containing three major sub-topics in this reprint, four manuscripts regarding the prevalence of resistant microbes, the emergence and evolution of resistance, and the molecular investigation of resistance mechanisms fall into the first sub-topic as “Antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms: epidemiology and molecular mechanism”; three manuscripts fall into the second sub-topic as “New antibiofilm strategy against fungal and/or bacterial biofilms”; and three manuscripts regarding the production and characteristics of these functional material encapsulated/ delivered natural compounds, in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial and antivirulent effects, and their potential applications, such as in food and medicine, fall into the third sub-topic as “Influence of Functional Material-Based Encapsulation/Delivery on the Antimicrobial and Antivirulent Effects of Natural Compounds”. Articles contained in this reprint have provided comprehensive knowledge and insight in understanding of antimicrobial resistance epidemiology and molecular mechanism and new antibiofilm strategies.
    Keywords: carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae ; metallo-β-lactamases ; NDM producers ; complicated urinary tract infections ; outcomes ; costs ; burden of illness ; Medicare ; Serratia marcescens ; multidrug resistance ; mcr-9 ; blaIMP-26 ; megaplasmids IMP-26 ; evolutionary pathway ; Canarium patentinervium Miq. ; antibiofilm activity ; AcrAB-TolC efflux pump ; molecular docking ; Autodock Vina ; Staphylococcus aureus ; persisters ; biofilm ; antimicrobial activity ; drug combination ; Ralstonia mannitolilytica ; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ; catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) ; commensal ; pathogen ; chitosan ; nanoparticle ; antibiofilm ; cinnamaldehyde ; invasive plants ; natural products ; molecular networking ; Candida albicans ; betulinic acid ; biofilms ; extracellular matrix ; quorum sensing ; antibiotic resistance ; Streptococcus mutans ; dental caries ; Casearia sylvestris ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
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  • 79
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In this reprint, state-of-the-art research and review articles on emerging material systems for additive manufacturing (AM) are collected, with a focus on the process–structure–properties relationships. Additive manufacturing (AM) has grown and evolved rapidly in recent years. There are many exciting research and translational works in many areas of application, such as biomedical, aerospace and electronics. These advancements are typically coupled with materials development, which has resulted in more functionalities added to 3D-printed parts, such as multi-material fabrications and integration with machine learning or digital twins. Such enhancements in functionalities have enabled the evolution of AM from a rapid prototyping tool to an actual manufacturing solution. In this reprint, two reviews and thirteen original research articles are included to highlight the latest development in the field of materials science for AM.
    Keywords: titanium scaffolds ; 3D printing ; pore design ; selective laser melting ; lattice structures ; torsion ; design ; additive manufacturing ; functionally gradient lattice ; torsional stiffness ; energy absorption ; failure behavior ; ferritic steel ; heat treatment ; SLM ; nuclear application ; laser powder bed fusion ; solidification crack ; hot crack ; aluminum alloy powder ; EN AW-5083 ; AA5083 ; AlSi10Mg ; powder bed fusion ; metal matrix composites ; laser powder-bed fusion ; aluminum alloys ; reinforcement ; ceramic particulates ; grain refinement ; crystallographic texture ; mechanical properties ; laser-directed energy deposition ; melt pool ; process maps ; multi-fidelity Gaussian process ; Bayesian Optimization ; uncertainty quantification ; K418 alloy ; orientation ; phase ; microhardness ; color 3D printing ; penetration depth ; chromaticity ; image-based metric ; color reproduction ; Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn ; titanium alloy ; biomedical engineering ; microstructure ; X-ray diffraction ; directed energy deposition ; shape-memory alloys ; joining of metals ; elemental powders ; 3D concrete printing (3DCP) ; hybrids ; geopolymer ; frost resistance ; UV radiation ; thermal conductivity ; surface finishing ; physical vapor deposition ; composites ; recycling ; polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) ; direct ink writing ; liquid deposition modeling ; glass fibers ; stainless steel ; AISI 316L ; AISI 630 (17-4PH) ; AISI 420 ; AISI 440C ; carbon content ; online monitoring ; electron beam melting ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 80
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Coal is an important natural resource. Improving the safety levels of the coal mining process while ensuring that coal production is at an acceptable level are problems to which we must attribute great importance. This reprint focuses on the safety of coal mine production, including the latest work from leading researchers. It discusses and studies the progress of research on safety in theory, experiments and simulation. The content covers the safety of coal mine-related fields, including mine ventilation, fire and explosion prevention, gas drainage, coal dust prevention, safety equipment, and other aspects of safety technology research. Despite the interdisciplinary nature of the different studies, the common theme of security is closely linked to the different studies in this period.
    Keywords: coal mining ; process safety ; disaster prevention and control ; sustainable mining ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTU Mining technology and engineering
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  • 81
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This essential collection, edited by Dr. Zeheng Wang and Dr. Jing-Kai Huang, unveils the latest advancements in semiconductor technology that are considered to be the cornerstone of the modern digital era. Spanning cutting-edge research in semiconductor materials, devices, and systems, this reprint is an indispensable guide through the innovative realms of microelectronics and nanotechnology.Dive into expert discussions on device architectures, from high-electron-mobility transistors to innovative designs resistant to extreme conditions. Explore the frontiers of material science and fabrication techniques, witnessing groundbreaking methods that enhance device performance and reliability. Uncover the evolving landscape of energy efficiency and power management, crucial for next-generation telecommunications and electric vehicles. Lastly, immerse yourself in the dynamic world of optoelectronics, where advancements in light-based technologies are redefining possibilities.Bringing together pioneering research papers, this volume is not just an academic resource but a beacon for industry professionals and scholars alike, pointing the way to the future of semiconductor technology.
    Keywords: derating ; DC–DC converter ; eGaN ; PoL ; conductive polymer tantalum chip capacitor ; reliability ; MTBF ; quartz flexible accelerometer ; electric field coupling noise ; lock-in amplifier circuit ; AlGaN/GaN ; high-electron-mobility transistor ; passivation ; HfO2 ; power clamp circuit ; ESD ; HBM ; false trigger ; bulk electron accumulation (BEA) ; extended superjunction trench gate ; extended drain (ED) ; BV and Ron,sp ; fluorides ; diamond ; ultrashort-pulse laser ; direct laser inscription ; photoluminescent microbits ; vacancy clusters ; Micro-LED ; metasurface ; light extraction efficiency ; angular deflection ; polarization ; a-IGZO ; magnetron sputtering ; thin-film transistors ; oxygen vacancy ; oxygen flow rate ; band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) ; linear energy transfer value (LET) ; single-particle irradiation effect ; anti-irradiation optimization ; GaN ; high electron mobility transistors ; nanochannel ; tri-gate ; dual-gate ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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  • 82
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The increasing concern regarding environmental issues has led to the adoption of stringent regulations worldwide to facilitate the urgent move towards green mobility and sustainable transportation. In this regard, electrified powertrains are bound to replace conventional thermal engines to reduce greenhouse gases and pollutant emissions. The synergy between the internal combustion engine and the electric unit in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) significantly reduces fuel consumption and emissions while maintaining high vehicle performance and driving comfort. Moreover, unlike pure electric vehicles, the hybrid electric powertrain fulfills even the most demanding energetic requirements, ranging from light- and heavy-duty vehicles to agricultural machinery, vessels, and aircraft, thus becoming the optimal sustainable solution in the short term. Nonetheless, the full potential of HEVs can only be exploited using a multidisciplinary approach to design the mechanical and electrical equipment and implement the optimal energy management strategy. This Special Issue, “Frontiers in Hybrid Vehicles Powertrain”, provides a broad perspective on the current challenges and research trends of the hybrid electric powertrain collecting nine peer-reviewed papers dealing with the main mechanical, electrical, controls, and energetic issues of HEVs.
    Keywords: hybrid vehicle powertrain ; hybrid electric vehicle ; alternative propulsion system ; e-mobility ; electrified powertrain ; power-split hybrid ; parallel hybrid ; hybrid electric tractors ; hybrid electric air-ground vehicle ; mechanical power transmission ; electric continuously variable transmission ; multimode transmission ; power-split hybrid transmission ; compound split transmission ; planetary gear trains ; mechanical efficiency ; power-flow ; global efficiency ; energy management strategy ; control strategy ; torque allocation control logic ; model predictive control ; Pontryagin&rsquo ; s minimum principle ; drivability and emission trade-off ; emissions reduction ; pollutant emissions ; CO2 emission ; NOx emissions ; battery ageing ; battery lifetime ; battery temperature ; calibration optimization ; thermal management ; hydrogen ; floating PV system ; &nbsp ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
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  • 83
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue explores the fascinating topic of urban heat islands (UHIs), examining them from temporal and spatial perspectives. We embark on a journey that focuses on the essential impacts of UHI formations, including land use composition, city characteristics, and anthropogenic factors. Our objective is to raise awareness of the many facets of UHIs and their significant effects on urban environments and sustainability. This collective aim is to further strengthen urban sustainability through a deeper understanding of UHI dynamics. This volume includes a wide range of topics related to UHIs, including cutting-edge methods and datasets for capturing UHI phenomena. We investigate the spatial interactions between UHI intensity and land use/cover distribution within metropolitan areas, examine the geographic patterns and processes underlying UHIs in sprawling cities, and analyze the spatial differences in UHI intensity between developing and developed countries. Additionally, we focus on UHI catastrophe mitigation and adaptation measures, which are crucial for setting sail for a sustainable urban future. Finally, we engage in the critical work of prediction and scenario analysis, equipping policymakers and urban planners with the insights necessary for informed decision-making. We express our thanks to the researchers, academics, and contributors who have made this Special Issue possible as we begin this investigation into urban heat islands. We aim to foster a comprehensive understanding of UHIs and contribute to the broader discourse on urban sustainability.
    Keywords: cooling effect ; distance analysis ; landscape pattern ; urban heat island ; urban lake ; land surface temperature ; spatial analysis ; urban agglomeration ; driving factors ; geo-detector metric ; urban heat island (UHI) ; land use land cover (LULC) ; land surface temperature (LST) ; spatiotemporal changes ; SUHI-contributing factors ; satellite imagery ; literature review ; Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) ; Land Surface Temperature (LST) ; Principal Component Analysis (PCA) ; Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) ; Machine Learning ; Naïve Bayes ; greenspace spatial patterns ; landscape metrics ; spatial autoregressive model ; seasonal variation ; functional construction land zones ; urban thermal environment ; differential surface temperature ; environmental indicators ; Shenzhen ; surface urban heat island ; SUHI ; LST ; seasonal hysteresis ; MODIS ; ESA-CCI ; Köppen–Geiger climate zones ; urbanization ; sustainable cities ; green space ; impervious surface ; Kathmandu ; temporal and spatial variation ; Zhengzhou city ; neighboring environment ; seasonal effect ; scale effect ; optimal spatial scale ; extreme gradient boosting regression ; urban vegetation ; urban heat island effect ; landscape patterns ; spatial correlation ; Landsat 8 ; urban thermal security pattern ; surface temperature ; circuit theory ; research framework ; Wuhan urban agglomeration ; China ; thermal environment ; heat island intensity ; spatio-temporal characteristics ; local spatial pattern ; land use ; regression analysis ; mono-window algorithm ; land indices ; correlation coefficients ; directional profiling ; hotspots (Getis–Ord Gi* statistics) ; MODIS night-time LST ; Prayagraj city ; air quality ; GeoDetector ; habitat quality ; urban remote sensing ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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  • 84
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Organogels, hydrogels, and ionic gels have been investigated both in a theoretical and experimental manner. The research performed was focused on their synthesis and applications in high-performance chemistry and its important branches. All mentioned gels were characterized from structural and supramolecular points of view by FTIR, NMR, X-ray diffraction, and POM. The keywords proposed in this reprint were as follows: organogels, hydrogels, ionic gels, chitosan, and fractal analysis. These terms were extremely pertinent to this research piece, hereby presented. As a result, all reference themes, as well as those associated with them, were touched upon in this reprint. We mention that the articles in this selection focused on one or more of the topics listed above.
    Keywords: poly(aspartic acid) hydrogel ; dopamine ; three-dimensional cell migration ; hydrogel scaffold ; SH-SY5Y ; hydrogel ; biocompatibility ; antimicrobial activity ; biodegradation ; SEM image ; fractal analysis ; magnesium alloy ; anodizing process ; sol–gel ; corrosion performance ; hybrid inorganic-organic sol–gel coating ; ionogel ; vitrimer ; polythioether ; solid electrolyte ; self-healing ; grafted starch ; ionotropic gelation ; covalent cross-linking ; molecular dynamics simulation ; sorption capacity ; spent caustic ; alkali activator ; geopolymer ; immobilization ; organics ; clay minerals ; hydration product ; compound activation ; ettringite ; calcium aluminate hydrate ; cement ; Portland ; 3D printing ; additive manufacturing ; neutron scattering ; NMR ; molecular dynamics ; modeling ; gel ; admixture ; drug release ; chitosan ; dynamics ; non-differentiable scale ; multifractal curves ; copper/zinc doped TiO2 powders ; sol−gel method ; thermal behaviour ; photocatalytic activity ; antibacterial properties ; GdFeO3 ; Sol–Gel auto-combustion method ; synthesis ; characterization ; phenothiazine ; imine ; mercury recovery ; MCM-41 ; low release ; cefotaxime ; mesoporous material ; Nb-doped ITO thin films ; Sol–gel ; Optical properties ; CO detection ; modified sol–gel synthesis ; PhACs ; nanocomposites ; capping agents ; anatase TiO2 ; 5-fluorouracil ; chitosan hydrogels ; multifractal dynamics ; SEM images ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry
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  • 85
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint of the Special Issue "BDS/GNSS for Earth Observation” highlights and discusses major aspects of Earth monitoring. Among the most noteworthy works are articles presenting variations in the plasmaspheric total electron content (TEC) and correlations between the seismo-ionospheric anomalies of GNSS-TEC and earthquake energy. Those addressing the analysis of the Earth's ionosphere employ two new methods developed for determining the optimal thin layer ionospheric height in the polar regions and for estimating the multi-GNSS differential code bias without using the ionospheric function model. In addition, the troposphere is investigated using a modified interpolation method of multi-reference station tropospheric delay. There are two papers addressing precise orbit determination, employing the Haiyang-2b altimetry satellite and GRACE-FO antenna phase center modeling. Works on GNSS signals are also published, with variations in multi-channel differential code biases from new BDS-3 signal observations, and the modelling and assessment of a new triple-frequency IF1213 PPP with BDS/GPS. Furthermore, GNSS precipitable water vapor (PWV) and its applications are discussed with regard to individual station meteorological data, while three other works examine improvements in iGNSS-R ocean altimetric precision, maritime multiple moving target detection using multiple-BDS radar, and a regional groundwater storage anomaly by combining GNSSs and surface mass load data. Lastly, a review addressing the application of multi-GNSS for Earth observation and its emerging applications is presented.
    Keywords: plasmasphere ; PTEC ; GPS ; GCPM ; F10.7 index ; GPS meteorology ; weighted mean temperature ; precipitable water vapor ; radiosonde ; NRTK ; PPP ; static ; congruence ; GNSS ; CORS ; thin layer ionospheric height (TLIH) ; mapping function ; dG-TLIH technique ; global navigation satellite system (GNSS) ; height of maximum density of the F2 layer (hmF2) ; VRS ; tropospheric delay ; interpolation ; GNSS positioning ; GNSS meteorology ; MERRA-2 ; sliding window algorithm ; tropospheric parameters ; HY-2B ; precise orbit determination ; empirical accelerations model ; satellite laser ranging ; GPS antenna phase center ; single-receiver ambiguity resolution ; single receiver ambiguity resolution ; phase center variation (PCV) calibration ; GRACE-FO satellites ; GPS time-series analysis ; common mode error ; independent component analysis ; seasonal signals ; surface mass loading ; coherent integration time optimization model ; global navigation satellite systems reflectometry (GNSS-R) ; ocean altimetry precision ; waveform correlation ; signal optimization processing ; global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R) ; Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS) ; Doppler compensation ; range resolution ; BeiDou Global Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) ; Differential Code Biases (DCBs) ; multi-channel ; ionospheric correction ; earthquake energy ; total electron content ; global ionosphere maps ; seismo-ionospheric anomaly ; differential code bias (DCB) ; global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) ; multi-GNSS experiments (MGEX) ; total electron content (TEC) ; GNSS ionosphere ; GNSS-Reflectometry ; GeoHazards ; ground water storage ; surface mass load ; groundwater monitoring station ; remove-restore method ; BDS ; triple-frequency signals ; IFCB ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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  • 86
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    Amsterdam University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Techne;/Technology offers a penetrating, close look at the origins of the term techne;, which unleashed a revolution in cinema and media studies when it was first introduced and which continues to influence the study of film as the digital revolution rolls along. The contributors investigate the effects of technologies on major film debates and, moreover, how technologies have affected film theory and its key concepts.
    Keywords: Film Studies ; Communication Studies ; Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATF Films, cinema ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATJ Television ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 87
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: With the deep integration of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet, ship propulsion control systems are also gradually undergoing a transformation from the mode of automatic control to intelligent control. In particular, the smart ship concept has become a key factor in the maritime industry’s ambition to achieve sustainable green development. Currently, the development of all-electric propulsion and innovative hybrid ship propulsion systems is a priority, so that the efficiency of ship propulsion systems might be improved. Therefore, the aim of this monograph is to describe the intelligent control of ship propulsion systems. In this regard, this monograph deals with new approaches to the design of ship power systems. Among them, in terms of intelligent control, and using simulation experiments for comparison, the learning ability relied on by artificial intelligence is utilized to handle the collected data and generate corresponding commands, thus ensuring the safety and stability of the ship's movement. The main objective of this Special Issue is to fill existing knowledge gaps and provide additional ideas on the intelligent control of marine propulsion systems. Finally, we would like to express our deepest gratitude to the staff of MDPI Books and the editorial team of Marine Science and Engineering, especially the assistant editors of this Special Issue, the gifted authors, and the diligent and expert reviewers.
    Keywords: automation ; autonomous guidance ; green propulsion technologies ; marine engine ; safety and efficiency ; ship propulsion dynamics ; simulation ; smart control ; optimization ; weather routing ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 88
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The authentication of foods and beverages is a very current topic of great interest for all the actors involved in the food chain, including the food industry, consumers, and food science researchers. Food authenticity covers many different aspects related to mislabeling, adulteration, and misleading claims about origin, production methods, or processing technologies. As many factors may affect the chemical composition of foods (e.g., geographical origin, variety or breed, conditions of cultivation, and breeding and/or feeding), the implementation of accurate, robust, and high-throughput analytical methods is needed to assess their authenticity and traceability and, consequently, guarantee their safety and quality in terms of organoleptic, nutritional, and bioactive characteristics. For these purposes, multiple analytical tools can be employed in combination with advanced chemometrics, such as spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques, DNA-based methods, and state-of-the-art omics approaches. In this context, in 2020, the journal Foods launched the Special Issue “Food Authentication: Techniques, Trends and Emerging Approaches” to gather research papers and review articles dealing with the development and application of analytical techniques and emerging approaches in food authentication. Considering the success and popularity of this earlier Special Issue, we will now release a second Special Issue comprising ten valuable scientific contributions, including one review article, one commentary article, and eight original research articles.
    Keywords: rapid authentication ; handheld Raman ; NIR ; fatty acid profile ; oil qualification ; coffee authenticity ; HPLC-UV ; HPLC-FLD ; fingerprinting ; chemometrics ; food adulteration ; chicory ; barley ; flours ; fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy ; second-derivative spectrum ; red pepper powder ; geographical origin ; discriminant analysis ; SDS method ; Qiagen method ; polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ; multiple attribute decision making (MADM) analysis ; Aerodramus ; coffee ; fermentation ; gastrointestinal tract ; Kopi Luwak ; civet ; characterization ; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy ; cluster analysis ; Sherry vinegar ; spectralprint ; random forest ; support vector machine ; molecular traceability ; authentication ; agri-food ; molecular markers ; DNA barcoding ; isothermal amplification ; sequencing ; alkaline phosphatase determination ; PDO Pecorino Siciliano cheese ; raw milk determination ; vinegar ; protected designation of origin ; UV-Vis spectroscopy ; prediction ; sterols ; olive oil ; triterpenic dialcohols ; supported liquid extraction ; high performance liquid chromatography ; gas chromatography ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: In the last few years, huge amounts of progress have been made regarding remote sensing in the field of computer vision. This success and progress is mostly due to the effectiveness of deep learning (DL) algorithms. In addition, the remote sensing community has shifted its attention to DL, and DL algorithms have been used to achieve significant success in many image analysis tasks. However, with regard to remote sensing, a number of challenges caused by difficulties in data acquisition and annotation have not been fully solved yet. This reprint is a collection of novel developments in the field of remote sensing using computer vision, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. The articles published involve fundamental theoretical analyses as well as those demonstrating their application to real-world problems.
    Keywords: tropical cyclone detection ; meteorological satellite images ; deep learning ; deep transfer learning ; generative adversarial networks ; image target detection ; multiple scales ; any angle object ; remote sensing of small objects ; point clouds ; 3D tracking ; state estimation ; Siamese network ; deep LK ; convolutional neural networks (CNNs) ; multilayer feature aggregation ; attention mechanism ; remote sensing image scene classification (RSISC) ; hyperspectral image classification ; variational autoencoder ; generative adversarial network ; crossed spatial and spectral interactions ; crater detection algorithm (CDA) ; R-FCN ; self-calibrated convolution ; split attention mechanism ; transfer learning ; remote sensing ; oriented object detection ; rotated inscribed ellipse ; remote sensing images ; keypoint-based detection ; gated aggregation ; eccentricity-wise ; object detection ; remote sensing image ; anchor free ; oriented bounding boxes ; deformable convolution ; three-dimensional radar imaging ; convolution neural network ; super-resolution ; side-lobe suppression ; terahertz radar ; aerial image generation ; satellite image generation ; structure map ; style vector ; high resolution image ; self-constructing graph ; semantic segmentation ; GAN ; image generation ; data augmentation ; remote sensing disaster image ; convolutional neural network ; double-stream structure ; feedback ; encoder–decoder network ; dense connections ; instance segmentation ; Swin transformer ; cascade mask R-CNN ; remote sensing image retrieval ; hashing algorithm ; binary code ; triplet ordinal relation preserving ; cross entropy ; feature distillation ; forest fire ; smoke segmentation ; Smoke-Unet ; residual block ; Landsat-8 ; band sensibility ; unsupervised domain adaptation ; bidirectional domain adaptation ; image-to-image translation ; generative adversarial networks (GANs) ; U-Net ; high-density laser scanning ; logging trails ; digital surface model ; canopy height model ; commercial thinning ; convolutional neural networks ; multiview ; satellite and UAV image ; joint description ; image matching ; neural network ; contextual information ; Anchor Free Region Proposal Network ; polar representation ; 3D object detection ; point cloud ; sampling ; single-stage ; rotated object detection ; angle-based detector ; angle-free framework ; rotated region of interests (RRoIs) ; representative points ; plastic ; UAVs ; contrastive learning ; mutual guidance ; spatial misalignment ; vehicle detection ; ANN ; automatic classification ; risk mitigation ; machine learning ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: A collection of articles published under the guidance of Assoc. Prof. Ph.D. Andrei Victor SANDU in the Special Issue "Obtaining and Characterization of New Materials, Volume II". The published articles under this Special Issue represent an excellent collection of research and review articles with cutting-edge results that promote sustainable development in the field of material engineering.
    Keywords: sheep wool thermal-insulating mattresses ; air quality ; water vapor permeability ; formaldehyde ; road concrete ; porosity ; (NMR) relaxometry ; freeze–thaw ; blast furnace slag ; bismuth ; intermetallic compound ; IMC thickness ; mechanical properties ; isothermal annealing ; geopolymer ; fly ash ; GGBFS ; compressive strength ; soil stabilization ; flowable composite resin ; hydrochloric acid ; surface roughness ; toothbrush ; thermal insulation ; recycling ; polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ; polyester (PES) ; natural fibres ; sheep wool ; chia seed oil ; fatty acids composition ; epoxidized vegetable oil ; epoxy equivalent weight ; shear thickening fluids ; aging ; lightfastness ; product degradation ; rigid pavement ; fly ash based geopolymer ; acid resistance ; selective laser sintering ; spread the powder quality ; parameter optimization ; DEM ; RSM ; NSGA-II ; 9K medium ; bioleaching ; Thiobacillus ferrooxidans ; pollution indices ; ecological risk ; polyoxyethylene alkyether sulphate foam ; blended geopolymer foam ; high temperature ; pre-foaming method ; hydroxyapatite ; lysine ; inorganic–organic composite ; glassy carbon electrode ; electrode coating ; electrochemical analysis ; Nile blue A ; multi-beam box girder bridge ; ESP strengthening ; field test ; load lateral transferring performance ; structural stiffness ; densified wood ; ammonia ; Brinell hardness ; Paulownia ; hornbeam ; geopolymers ; laser sintering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 91
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This reprint focuses on recent advancements, technical challenges, and novel design methodologies for the energy manufacturing system, including energy management, green manufacturing, sustainable manufacturing, energy saving in manufacturing systems, the operation and maintenance of power generation, prognostics and health management of power systems, and so on. With the increasing attention paid to sustainable development around the world, improving energy efficiency and applying effective means of energy saving have gradually received worldwide attention. As the largest energy consumers, manufacturing industries also inevitably face pressures on energy optimization evolution from both governments and competitors. The rational optimization of energy consumption in industrial operation activities can significantly improve the sustainability level of an entire company.
    Keywords: multi-level structure ; non-production energy consumption (NPEC) ; sub-batch priority ; multi-objective gray wolf optimizer (MOGWO) ; high-order hidden semi-Markov model ; composite node ; model reduction ; state duration ; polynomial fitting ; residual life prognosis ; wind turbines ; opportunistic maintenance ; structural correlation ; random correlation ; carbon emissions ; fault diagnosis technology ; improved convolutional neural network ; ship electrical power system ; Simulink ; synchronous generator ; hidden Markov model (HMM) ; autocorrelation ; residual chart ; failure mode ; effects and criticality analysis ; Z-number ; rough number ; DEMATEL method ; VIKOR method ; energy–carbon emissions nexus ; causal model ; low-carbon product ; future transport-manufacturing industries ; RV reducer ; assembly quality ; dendrites ; neural network ; transmission accuracy ; sustainable ; energy optimization ; operation and maintenance ; manufacturing systems ; automated storage and retrieval system ; hybrid flowshop ; genetic algorithm ; migratory birds optimization algorithm ; GA-MBO ; urban rail transit ; operational efficiency ; energy efficiency ; carbon emission ; data envelopment analysis ; preventive maintenance ; quality cost ; multiobjective optimization ; manufacturing system ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Biocatalysis is a sustainable alternative for the chemical industry in manufacturing, monitoring, and waste management. Biocatalytic processes perform with isolated enzymes or whole cells as biocatalysts. Whole-cell biocatalysts offer some unique advantages of cascade reactions catalyzed by multienzymes as well as a single bioredox reaction with cofactor regeneration in a single strain. Therefore, whole-cell biocatalysts are widely applied for biosynthesis/biotransformation to produce value-added chemicals as well as the complete mineralization of organic pollutants.Biological catalytic processing using whole-cell biocatalysts includes biocatalyst engineering, bio-reaction engineering, and downstream processing. In addition to the traditional screening of microbial strains and immobilized whole-cell biocatalysts, modern genetic engineering, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology make tailored whole-cell biocatalysts possible. At the same time, some integrated processes have successfully been applied in the catalytic processing using living whole-cell biocatalysts, such as harnessing biocompatible chemistry to interface with the microbial metabolism as well as using various separation techniques for in situ product removal.This reprint on “Microbial Biocatalysis” provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments of catalyst discovery, catalyst modification, and process intensification for whole cell catalysis in fermentation, biotransformation or biodegradation processes.
    Keywords: C058 ; mycelium biofloc ; extracellular polymeric substances ; microcosmic structure ; microflora composition ; acetophenone tolerance ; whole-cell catalyst ; directed evolution ; (R)-1-phenylethanol ; short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase ; trans-cinnamic acid ; p-coumaric acid ; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ; whole-cell biotransformation ; phenol ; metabolites ; whole genome sequencing ; xenobiotics ; atrazine ; Arthrobacter sp. ST11 ; biodegradation ; nonaqueous-phase liquid ; cadmium ; α-ketoglutaric acid biosynthesis ; Yarrowia lipolytica ; glycerol ; rapeseed oil ; culture conditions optimization ; rabeprazole ; sulfide ; biotransformation ; Cunninghamella blakesleeana 3.970 ; O-demethylation rabeprazole sulfide ; microbial transformation ; phytosterols ; Pickering emulsion ; phase inversion ; plant oil ; α-amylase ; starch hydrolysis ; marine enzymes ; Persian Gulf ; Streptomyces noursei ; nysfungin ; nystatin A1 ; nystatin A3 ; polyfungin B ; UV mutagenesis ; DHEA ; C7-hydroxylation ; Gibberella sp. ; Absidia coerulea ; biopolymers ; aerobic composting ; sustainability ; depolymerization ; enzymes ; nitrilase ; cell immobilization ; nicotinic acid ; reaction optimization ; semi-continuous packed-bed bioreactor ; diclofenac ; immobilization ; toxicity ; sewage treatment ; laccase ; multifunctional enzymes ; secondary metabolic ; synthases ; post-modifying enzymes ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
    Language: English
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  • 93
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The 10th International Conference on Modern Circuit and System Technologies on Electronics and Communications (MOCAST 2021) will take place in Thessaloniki, Greece, from July 5th to July 7th, 2021. The MOCAST technical program includes all aspects of circuit and system technologies, from modeling to design, verification, implementation, and application. This Special Issue presents extended versions of top-ranking papers in the conference. The topics of MOCAST include:Analog/RF and mixed signal circuits;Digital circuits and systems design;Nonlinear circuits and systems;Device and circuit modeling;High-performance embedded systems;Systems and applications;Sensors and systems;Machine learning and AI applications;Communication; Network systems;Power management;Imagers, MEMS, medical, and displays;Radiation front ends (nuclear and space application);Education in circuits, systems, and communications.
    Keywords: incremental power and timing optimization ; Lagrangian relaxation ; gate sizing ; multimode multicorner ; physical optimization ; two-qubit states ; quantum computers ; quantum gates ; Rabi oscillations ; single qubit quantum computer ; quantum operations simulation ; vision transformers ; computer vision ; deep learning ; artistic style recognition ; memristor model ; tantalum oxide ; memory crossbar ; nonlinear dopant drift ; window function ; LTSPICE library memristor model ; stochastic computing ; stochastic filtering ; stochastic FIR filter ; unconventional computing ; electrical masking ; interconnection delay ; Single Event Multiple Transients ; Soft Error Rate ; STA ; TCAD ; timing-masking ; transient faults ; IoT ; wireless sensor networks ; hydroponics ; smart agriculture ; Network-on-Chip ; bufferless routing ; 3D NoC ; Markov chains ; visible light communication (VLC) ; wireless communication ; analog front end (AFE) ; pre-amplification ; classification ; COVID-19 ; lightweight neural network ; medical imaging ; chest X-rays ; image sensors ; 3D pixels ; 3D sequential integration ; 3DSI ; monolithic 3D ; M3D ; coupling ; parasitic capacitances ; memristor ; emulator ; analog design ; switched capacitor ; mixed signal ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This Special Issue aimed to collate recent works regarding the planning and control of energy systems. In particular, this Special Issue focuses on microgrids. This kind of system enables optimal integration of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles, energy storage, and demand-side management strategies, thus proposing a valuable framework through which to implement the decarbonization of the electricity sector. Special attention is given to those works devoted to systems with high penetration of renewables and advanced demand response strategies. Literature reviews are also included in this Special Issue, and some real-life experiences are described and analyzed.
    Keywords: optimization algorithm ; control system ; renewable energy ; PSO ; GWO ; battery storage energy ; electric vehicle ; photovoltaics ; BESS ; optimization ; AOA algorithm ; uncertainty ; distribution network ; DC multi-microgrid system ; carbon emissions ; economic dispatch ; across-time-and-space energy transmission ; cooperative multi-objective optimization ; PV ; wind turbine ; biomass system ; heap-based optimizer ; Franklin’s and Coulomb’s algorithm ; sooty tern optimization ; energy cost ; metaheuristics ; solar cell systems ; elephant herding optimization ; alpha tuned EHO ; cultural-based ; biased initialization ; parameter identification ; single diode ; double diode ; three diodes ; modular multilevel converter (MMC) ; fault-tolerant ; voltage source modular multilevel converter (VSMMC) ; SPWMLSC ; SPWMPSC ; STHILSC ; STHIPSC ; optimal energy management ; multi-agent system ; multi-energy carrier ; renewable energy sources ; microgrids management ; renewable energy resources ; isolated microgrids ; optimization techniques ; demand-side management (DSM) ; distributed generations (DGs) ; energy management systems (EMS) ; renewable energy sources (RES) ; waste to energy (W2E) ; microgrid architecture ; smart infrastructure ; resilience ; optimization model ; critical node identification ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 95
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: System dynamics is a simulation modeling approach to strategic and policy analysis that has been applied to many health care and public health issues since the 1960s and has become increasingly prevalent since the 2000s. The ten articles in this reprint appeared in a Special Issue of Systems and cover a broad cross-section of relevant methodological topics as well as applications to specific health problems.One methodological article describes the use of cascaded system archetypes, with an application to reducing hospital congestion. Another discusses Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis, with an application to the US opioid crisis. Three of the articles describe models of community response to severe shocks, including recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Two other articles address strategies for dealing with myriad chronic diseases and risk factors in a population. Other papers include in-depth analyses of prostate cancer screening, digital prosthetic services for lower-limb amputees, and the complex behavioral health challenge of youth homelessness.This reprint provides an excellent snapshot of the current state of practice in system dynamics as it is applied to public health, health care delivery, and health policy. It offers practical policy guidance and will be of interest to both experienced practitioners and those new to the field.
    Keywords: simulation model ; public health practice ; chronic disease ; prevention ; cardiovascular diseases ; cancer ; COVID-19 ; tourism recovery ; public policy ; system dynamics ; participatory modelling ; health ; social care ; integrated care ; hospital ; delayed hospital discharges ; strategy ; congestion ; capacity ; archetypes ; unintended consequences ; population health and well-being ; equity ; stewardship ; resilience ; simulation modeling ; uncertainty analysis ; optimization ; sensitivity testing ; Monte Carlo randomization ; opioid epidemic ; prosthetics ; major lower-limb amputations ; prosthesis usage ; amputee mobility ; health care system ; health policy ; youth homelessness ; child welfare ; juvenile justice ; mental health ; public health ; decision making ; long-term conditions ; resource allocation ; complex systems ; early detection of cancer ; mass screening ; decision-making ; dissemination ; clinical practice guidelines ; evidence-based guidelines ; policy decision thresholds ; prostate cancer ; natural history of disease ; biomarker ; PSA ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science
    Language: English
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  • 96
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint covers the latest developments in the field of eco-polymeric materials and natural polymer processing and utilization, highlighting cutting-edge research focusing on the processing of advanced polymers and their composites. It demonstrates that the field of eco-polymeric materials and natural polymers is still gaining increased attention. Innovative approaches as well as advanced applications of eco-polymeric materials and natural polymers in different fields, such as energy, environment, biomedical, biomaterial, and engineering, are reported in this reprint.
    Keywords: outdoor wood mats-based engineering composite ; wood-degrading fungi ; decay resistance ; durability ; nanohydrogels ; citral ; sustained-release ; mechanism ; bamboo ; anti-mould ; rosin modification ; round bamboo culm ; visual characteristics ; eye tracking ; surfactant ; urea-formaldehyde resin ; laminated bamboo veneer ; gluability ; wood–plastic composites ; heat transfer modeling ; sweet sorghum ; high-density polyethylene ; hot-pressing ; fibrovascular bundle ; salacca frond ; modified orientation board ; citric acid ; Aquilaria crassna wood ; natural rubber ; antifungal ; lignin ; proteins ; compression performance ; load–displacement curves ; digital image correlation (DIC) ; failure mode ; coupling agent ; interfacial bonding ; oriented strand–thermoplastic composites ; wood veneer–thermoplastic composites ; cross-laminated timber ; stability coefficient ; axial compression ; timber structures ; slenderness ratio ; Chinese pine wood ; pine needles ; bamboo culms ; bamboo leaves ; industrial hemp hurd ; CMC ; DS ; mechanical properties ; TG ; XRD ; FTIR ; chitosan ; tartaric acid ; nanocrystal ; self-assembly ; evaporation ; dehydration of crystallization ; biopolymers ; sustainability ; emergy accounting ; polyhydoxyalkanoates ; slaughterhouse residues ; poly(lactic acid) ; impact modifier ; polymer blends ; properties ; multilayered bamboo fiber ; topochemistry ; microscopic imaging ; gradient micromechanics ; core–shell structure ; hydrogel ; double load ; response surface ; acidic treatment ; colour ; mould-resistant ; starch ; Phyllostachys pubescens ; fibre ; lignification ; micro-morphological regions of cell wall ; syringyl lignin ; guaiacyl lignin ; visible-light spectrophotometry ; electrochemical method ; moisture content ; shrinkage strain ; wood water loss ; konjac glucomannan ; oxidized hyaluronic acid ; hydrogels ; tung oil ; thermal treatment ; color ; cellulose fibers ; adsorption ; Cr(VI) ; sulfhydryl-modified ; water resistance ; bamboo scrimber composite ; bonding interface ; polymer soil consolidation agent ; preparation conditions ; consolidated adhesive film ; compressive strength ; seedling transplanting ; chemical change ; thermal property ; delignification ; pyrolysis ; bamboo microstructure ; shear performance ; test methods ; moso bamboo ; fracture behavior ; shearing characteristics ; transparent bamboo ; optical properties ; functionalization and application ; glycerin ; sodium alginate ; tensile strength ; elongation at break ; poplar ; cell walls ; cross-linking modification ; wood properties ; egg white hydrogel ; dual cross-linking ; metal ions ; secondary structure ; biocompatibility ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The reprint is devoted to the phenomena associated with exact or approximate axial symmetry in different areas of technical physics and mechanical engineering science. How can the symmetry of the problem be used most efficiently for its analysis? Why is the symmetry broken or why is it still approximately retained? These and other questions are discussed based on systems from different fields of engineering.
    Keywords: fretting wear ; axis-symmetry ; tangential contact ; torsional contact ; Abel transform ; injection molding ; concentricity ; coaxiality ; optical barrel ; bilateral telecentric lens ; optimization ; contact problem ; non-axisymmetric indenter ; extremal principle ; generalized MDR ; non-axisymmetric ; circular contact ; frictionless contact ; general solution ; closed-form solution ; series solution ; cylindrical punch ; contact stress-intensity factor ; cylindrical symmetry ; spherical symmetry ; periodic boundary conditions ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 98
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Special Issue "Fatigue and Fracture of Metals and Alloys: Numerical and Experimental Study" includes 19 articles covering problems in fatigue and fracture mechanics from different parts of the scientific world. The issue includes articles presenting theoretical, numerical, statistical and experimental approaches to fatigue life estimation. The influence of technological processes, state of stress, or the environment on steel and aluminum alloys is presented. The subjects of the articles of interest, as they present solutions to common practical problems in the industry.
    Keywords: &nbsp ; Fracture mechanics ; Fatigue ; Fatigue strength ; Constraint effect ; Digital image correlation&nbsp ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
    Language: English
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  • 99
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Biocontrol of plant diseases is considered one of the most important and current challenges of our society due to the need to look for eco-friendly alternatives to chemicals. Thus, research towards the biological control sensu lato [antagonist microorganisms, biostimulants, Induced Resistance (IR)] of plant diseases is an urgent demand for the agro-food sector of the Euroregion as well as for our society in the frame of the European Green Deal. Exploring different biocontrol tools as well as their combined effect against plant diseases is essential to generate knowledge on such topics to look for optimum management strategies in crop protection in the frame of organic and sustainable agriculture. Within this framework, this Special Issue of Plants brings together a collection of research papers on applied plant pathology and targeted reviews of biocontrol, including studies on antagonist microorganisms, biostimulants, and host resistance-inducers against plant diseases.
    Keywords: biological control agents ; biostimulation ; resistance host inducers ; sustainable agriculture ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 100
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This Special Issue on advanced sensor technologies contains contributions on the latest developments in mobile robotic systems and related research. Various topics with different ideas and applications from mobile robotics have found their place. New ideas are presented for mobile robots that specialise in cleaning floors, power lines and HVAC systems. We also find innovative approaches for navigation path planning using local minima-free potential fields, novel path primitives and/or their parameterisation for minimum-time planning, and various control approaches ranging from visual serving to model predictive and adaptive trajectory tracking, applied to wheeled robots, humanoid manipulators and flying robots. Localisation approaches using LiDAR, motion capture systems, fingerprint-based and biomechanical gait systems are also discussed. In addition to advances in methodology, applications in healthcare, mining tunnels, cleaning, warehouses and other areas are mentioned.
    Keywords: UAVs ; inspection and maintenance ; mobile robots ; insulators ; artificial intelligence ; mobile cleaning robot ; vibration source classification ; predictive maintenance ; deep learning ; 1D CNN ; defect detection ; Faster R-CNN ; object detection ; IoRT ; inspection robot ; navigation ; model predictive control ; path planing ; warehouse automation ; underground mining robots ; scan matching ; localization and SLAM in tunnels ; 2D lidar navigation ; GPS-denied environment ; robot navigation ; path planning ; potential field ; bilinear interpolation ; dynamic local re-planning ; domestic dirt ; dirt dataset ; audit robot ; cleaning benchmark ; dirt classification ; robot-aided cleaning auditing ; geometrical feature ; cleaning auditing ; swarm algorithms ; motion trajectory prediction ; kinematical models ; gait biomechanics ; spherical robot ; model ; simulation ; CoppeliaSim (V-REP) ; visual servoing ; autonomous landing ; monocular vision ; aerial robotics ; localization and SLAM ; 3D lidar ; range sensing ; Uniform Second-Order Sliding Mode Observer ; Prescribed Performance Control ; robot manipulators ; finite-time Stability ; feature detection ; light-weight mapping ; B-splines ; localization ; mobile robot ; complete coverage ; path smoothing ; velocity profile optimization ; humanoid robot ; state estimation ; motion capture ; Whole-Body Control ; ADHD ; screening ; skeleton ; position estimation ; indoor positioning ; sensor fusion ; RSSI ; magnetometer ; fingerprint ; wheeled mobile robots ; trajectory generation ; velocity profile ; trajectory optimization ; Bézier curves ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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