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  • thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences  (402)
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  • English  (402)
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  • 101
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Inequity starts before birth and is programmed in part by nutritional exposures. If these exposures occur around the time of conception, during pregnancy, and/or in infancy or childhood (all critical periods of development) they may alter a child’s health trajectory and impact risk for impaired cognition and learning, and cardiometabolic, immune, and neuropsychiatric diseases and disorders. This Special Issue on “Early Life Nutrition and Future Health” has the following aims: 1) understand the origins of offspring health inequities from an early nutritional perspective; 2) uncover new insights into the environmental, biological, and social mechanisms that underpin these health outcomes in offspring; and 3) present novel targets and approaches to optimise health trajectories and prevent chronic diseases and disorders in later life and across generations. The research projects included herein highlight novel mechanistic, epidemiologic, and intervention studies that target key windows where nutrition has the greatest influence on future health (preconception, prenatal, and postnatal periods) and that explore vulnerable populations and animal models of early life nutritional programming.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; gut-brain ; life-course epidemiology ; milk composition ; postnatal calcium homeostasis ; fruit juices ; phospholipids ; infant ; abdominal obesity ; postpartum ; L-cell ; programming ; gut health ; development ; sugars ; pregnancy ; gangliosides ; non-communicable disease ; prebiotic ; dietary reference intakes (DRIs) ; adulthood ; adult bone health ; malnutrition ; supplements ; nutrition ; dietary fibre ; gut barrier ; child ; microbiota ; folic acid supplementation ; Healthy Eating Index ; human milk ; nutrient-sensing signal ; fetal ; epidemiology ; developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) ; dietary intake ; pH ; energy intake ; human milk oligosaccharides ; undernutrition ; short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) ; LC–MS ; eating behavior ; gut microbiota ; reprogramming ; social inequalities ; diet quality ; reduced litter size ; sphingomyelin ; oxidative stress ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 102
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Air pollution and the changing climate are some of the greatest threats to the health and functioning of forest ecosystems, strongly jeopardizing their ecological and economic functions as well as services. The impact of increasing temperatures and extreme weather events (droughts, storms, temperature and precipitation extremes) on the vitality of forest trees is often difficult to separate from the impact of pollution, such as nitrogen deposition and tropospheric ozone, as they can exhibit synergistic effects. The use of indicators is elementary in modern forest ecophysiological research, as they help us to disentangle complex interactions between trees and various stress-inducing factors as well as better estimate the level of damage to trees and forest ecosystems.Eleven papers are included in this Special Issue, with wide-ranging topics from various disciplines but centered around tree responses to environmental stress. The task of this Special Issue is twofold: one, to remind us that a better understanding of the physiological processes influencing tree vitality under the changing climate and air pollution pressures requires considerable research efforts and constant advancements in research methods and approaches; two, to highlight the fact that the environmental pressures instigating the use of tree stress response indicators are more present than ever, and will likely continue to affect tree vitality in the foreseeable future.
    Keywords: defoliation ; monitoring ; tree vitality ; drought ; climate change ; forest decline ; extreme climate events ; tree mortality ; climate response ; radial increment ; dendrochronology ; Fagaceae ; osmolytes ; antioxidant ; phytohormones ; trade-off mechanisms ; stress marker ; oxidative stress ; tropospheric ozone ; leaf symptoms ; PODy ; water stress ; risk assessment ; climate–growth relationship ; climate signal ; tree-ring width ; basal area increment ; blue intensity ; daily climatic data ; cadmium ; nickel ; phytoremediation ; plant hormones ; polyamines ; poplar ; Populus deltoides ; antioxidative enzymes ; chlorophyll ; defoliated trees ; hydrogen peroxide ; lipid peroxidation ; nutrient concentration ; Pinus spp. ; Quercus spp. ; undefoliated trees ; pine ; BAI ; isotopes ; iWUE ; water and thermal stress ; SPEI ; Poland ; foliar composition ; stoichiometry ; ICP Forests ; tree decline ; Quercus brantii ; cellular characteristics ; calcium oxalate crystals ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAL Forestry industry
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  • 103
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Nutrients is planning a Special Issue focusing on beverages and ingestive behavior. This Special Issue will focus on research related to all aspects of beverage consumption and post-ingestive consequences. There continues to be much controversy surrounding the influence of beverage choice on health outcomes. Research investigating the impact of beverage choice has on human health and post-ingestive consequences continue to grow. We know from the growing body of literature that beverage choice has a substantial impact on metabolism, food reinforcement and eating behaviors.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; toddlers ; yogurt ; satiety ; ad libitum buffet ; Balearic Islands ; gastric emptying ; epigenetics ; nutrition education ; mothers ; Repertory Grid Technique ; children ; (conjugated) plant sterols ; lipoprotein-oxidation ; beta-casein ; obesity ; whey protein ; beverages ; Laddering Technique ; casein ; intention ; fermented-beverage ; preschoolers ; water consumption ; planned behavior ; health claims ; parents ; total water intake ; non-nutritive sweeteners ; adults ; total energy intake ; visual food cues ; health promotion ; self-determination ; endothelial-function ; anti-carcinogenic ; anti-aging ; cardiovascular-risk-factors ; sweet taste ; sugar sweetened beverages ; cows’ milk ; cholesterol-lowering ; anti-inflammatory ; sugar-sweetened beverages ; overweight ; gain- and loss-framed messages ; in vitro digestion ; gamma-scintigraphy ; electroencephalography ; beverage consumption ; type 1 diabetes ; social cognitive theory ; ergosterol ; parenting practices ; qualitative methods ; cholesterol-efflux ; coronary heart disease ; HDL-antioxidant-capacity ; Australia ; NOD mice ; sport ; food intake ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 104
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Networks of coordinated interactions among biological entities govern a myriad of biological functions that span a wide range of both length and time scales—from ecosystems to individual cells and from years to milliseconds. For these networks, the concept “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts” applies as a norm rather than an exception. Meanwhile, continued advances in molecular biology and high-throughput technology have enabled a broad and systematic interrogation of whole-cell networks, allowing the investigation of biological processes and functions at unprecedented breadth and resolution—even down to the single-cell level. The explosion of biological data, especially molecular-level intracellular data, necessitates new paradigms for unraveling the complexity of biological networks and for understanding how biological functions emerge from such networks. These paradigms introduce new challenges related to the analysis of networks in which quantitative approaches such as machine learning and mathematical modeling play an indispensable role. The Special Issue on “Biological Networks” showcases advances in the development and application of in silico network modeling and analysis of biological systems.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; TA1-2040 ; RC109-216 ; Pathway crosstalk ; Alzheimer’s disease ; Bioenergy crops ; Model identification ; Metabolic networks ; Host–pathogen interactions ; Single cell ; Parameter sensitivity ; Tuberculosis ; Multivariate statistical analysis ; Systems biology ; Biological networks ; Mathematical modeling ; Lignin biosynthesis ; Design of experiments ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 105
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Yeasts are truly fascinating microorganisms. Due to their diverse and dynamic activities, they have been used for the production of many interesting products, such as beer, wine, bread, biofuels, and biopharmaceuticals. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewers’ or bakers’ yeast) is the yeast species that is surely the most exploited by humans. Saccharomyces is a top-choice organism for industrial applications, although its use for producing beer dates back to at least the 6th millennium BC. Bakers’ yeast has been a cornerstone of modern biotechnology, enabling the development of efficient production processes. Today, diverse yeast species are explored for industrial applications. This Special Issue “Yeast Biotechnology 2.0” is a continuation of the first Special Issue, “Yeast Biotechnology” (https://www.mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/324). It compiles the current state-of-the-art of research and technology in the area of “yeast biotechnology” and highlights prominent current research directions in the fields of yeast synthetic biology and strain engineering, new developments in efficient biomolecule production, fermented beverages (beer, wine, and honey fermentation), and yeast nanobiotechnology.]
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; TP248.13-248.65 ; bioethanol production ; mead ; nanobiotechnology ; fermentation-derived products ; flavor ; citric acid production ; enzyme production ; non-Saccharomyces yeasts ; fermented beverages ; bioreactors ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; wine ; beer ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 106
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The role of soils for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals is multifarious. Soils are the essential basis for food and biomass provision in support of food security (SDG 2) and energy security (SDG 7). Soil carbon sequestration is paramount for climate action (SDG 13). Soil-mediated water purification and retention, nutrient and matter cycling, and soils habitat functions are essential for maintaining ecosystem services and biodiversity (SDG 15). Healthy soils perform well in all these functions simultaneously. However, the globally increasing demand for food, fiber, and bio-based products poses massive challenges to soil health. Minimizing trade-offs between biomass production and soil health requires systemic approaches to assessment and governance of sustainable soil management in agriculture and food systems. It provides interdisciplinary insights into key questions: What are the impacts of agricultural management practices on sustainability targets in specific geophysical and socio-economic contexts? What are the opportunities and risks of future trends such as climate change, digitalization, and emerging technologies for soil management and soil health? How can institutions and governance instruments be improved to enable decision makers to take action on sustainable soil management? The book was initiated in the frame of the National German research program ‘BonaRes—Soil as a sustainable resource for the bioeconomy’, and it is meant to trigger interdisciplinary thinking.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; land management ; risk assessment ; carob ; N leaching ; Syria ; earthworms ; subsoil ; desertification ; alfalfa ; yield potential ; tenant ; dynamic programming ; soil policy ; monitoring ; resource scarcity ; soil management ; crop–livestock interactions ; German Constitutional Law ; gross income ; Germany ; spatially explicit ; creation ethics ; bayesian network ; agricultural practices ; conventional farming ; soil ; soil degradation ; combination of modern and indigenous knowledge ; Costa Rica ; yield ; soils ; rent price ; fertilization ; sustainability assessment ; societal acceptance ; property rights ; justifying soil protection ; subsoil loosening ; behavioural studies ; governance ; agricultural policy ; water infiltration ; sealing ; soil protection ; soil framework directive ; rent proportion ; soil remediation ; so-called organic fertilizer ; soil compaction ; nutrient composition ; phosphorus ; resource use efficiency ; soil pressures ; soil threats ; Europe ; soil functions ; literature review ; sustainability ; conservation agriculture ; institutions ; environmental zones ; soil health ; landowner ; soil governance ; zero tillage ; coffee by-products ; production ; arid oasis ; Laudato si’ ; soil food web ; land ; compaction ; farmer motivations ; agricultural innovation ; crop rotation modelling ; Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response sustainability framework ; contamination ; sustainable soil management ; agricultural yields ; Nicaragua ; sustainable agriculture ; ecosystem services ; legal comparison ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 107
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book presents cross-discipline studies covering aspects ranging from animal science to social/consumer sciences and psychology, with the aim to collect and disseminate information promoting the continuous enhancement of animal welfare by improving stakeholders’ perception of animal welfare. Although animal welfare is about how the animals perceive the surrounding environment, the actual welfare of the animals is dependent on how the stakeholders perceive and weigh animal welfare. The stakeholders can, either directly (i.e., through stock-people interaction with the animals) or indirectly (e.g., when retailers and consumers are willing to pay more for high welfare animal-based products), affect the way animals are kept and handled.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; SF1-1100 ; Q1-390 ; education ; animal welfare ; young adult ; welfare ; stunning ; human health ; perception ; slaughter ; pig ; pigs ; children ; livestock ; laying hen ; racehorse welfare ; qualitative research ; free elicitation narrative interviews ; knowledge ; fear ; milk production ; ethical concerns ; food safety concerns ; agreement ; stakeholder perception ; castration ; sheep farmers ; farmer perception ; animal ethics ; goat ; benefit ; horse ; dairy buffalo ; animal attitudes ; turkey ; farm animal welfare (FAW) ; animal ; survey ; Animal welfare ; husbandry practices ; willingness to pay ; donkey ; avoidance distance ; training ; stockperson behaviour ; stockpeople attitudes ; farm animal welfare ; farm animals ; veterinary students ; broiler ; text mining ; religious slaughter ; profit ; consumer ; sheep ; egg farm ; Halal meat ; pain ; employee relations ; standards of care ; animal behavior ; consumer demand ; albumen corticosterone ; aggression ; technology ; transport ; test-retest reliability ; desensitization ; producer perspective ; economics ; pain perception ; Asia ; horse–human relationship ; lambs ; veterinary student ; human-animal relationship ; information ; citizen perception ; immunocastration ; perceived consumer effectiveness ; staff shortages ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 108
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Due to the high prevalence of Eating Disorders (ED) and obesity over the life-spam and the increasing comorbidity between both conditions, the goal of this Special Issue, “Eating Disorders and Obesity: Through the Life Course”, was to approach that situation from a broader perspective. We would like to have multidisciplinary contributions, approaching ED and Obesity as potential continuum (eg. Anorexia nervosa and obesity as extreme dimensions), looking not only to shared and differential risk factors (environmental, temperamental, biological, nutritional and neuroendocrinological between ED and obesity), but also to epidemiological studies exploring transition from one to the other, through the life-course, and its impact on the treatment outcome. We were expecting to have systematic reviews and empirical studies (cross-sectional and longitudinal manuscripts), coming from all over the globe.
    Keywords: body mass index (BMI) profiles ; eating disorders ; obesity ; treatment outcome ; decision making ; learning ; sensitivity to reward ; sensitivity to punishment ; effortful control ; bariatric surgery ; binge eating disorder ; food addiction ; impulsivity ; emotional eating ; childhood trauma questionnaire ; psychotherapy ; childhood obesity ; attrition rate ; follow-up ; success rate ; metabolically healthy ; weight discrimination ; workplace bullying ; burnout ; sex-specific differences ; moderated mediation ; overweight ; underweight ; adolescents ; mental health ; psychopathology ; quality of life ; eating disorder risk ; network analysis ; anorexia nervosa ; atypical psychedelics ; esketamine ; ketamine ; narrative review ; severe-enduring ; treatment ; cardiometabolic risk factors ; hypertension ; dyslipidemia ; tracking phenomenon ; nutrigenomics ; anorexia ; metabolomics ; metabolic phenotype ; metabolism ; microbiota ; mass spectrometry ; children ; dietary inflammatory index ; food frequency questionnaire ; inflammation ; nutrient intake ; compulsivity ; cognitive flexibility ; type 2 diabetes ; novelty seeking ; harm avoidance ; fatty kidney ; glomerulopathy ; CKD ; ESRD ; COVID-19 lockdown ; COVID-19 Isolation Eating Scale (CIES) ; eating symptoms ; psychological impact ; ghrelin ; insulin resistance ; leptin ; adiponectin ; leptin/adiponectin ratio ; eating behavior ; eating styles ; cluster analysis approach ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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  • 109
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Harvesting machinery has the main function of cutting, picking, or digging mature crop seeds, fruits, stalks, leaves, root parts, or the whole plant and are also necessary to complete collection, threshing, cleaning, transfer, and other operations. The characteristics of harvesting machinery are as follows: first, the operating object is biological; second, the working process refers to the separation between plant tissues or the separation of a plant from soil; and third, the working environment is unstructured. Therefore, efficient harvesting machinery is an area of comprehensive research that integrates the fields of mechanical and biological material, information, and computers. This Special Issue focused on precise identification and positioning systems (“eyes”), sensitive decision-making and control systems (“brain”), highly adaptable chassis and mobile platforms (“feet”), efficient end-effectors and harvesting components (“hands”), etc., related to efficient harvesting machinery. The topics of the publications include: Crop–soil–machine systems; Mechanics and dynamics of harvesting machinery; Chassis of harvesting machinery; Efficient harvesting components; Field environment sensing and recognition; Navigation and positioning systems of harvesting machinery; Multi-source information fusion, analysis, and decision making in harvesting operations; Cooperative harvesting operations of multiple machines in the field; Unmanned harvesters.
    Keywords: harvester, efficient harvesting, harvester chassis, intelligent agricultural equipment, smart agriculture, image recognition, navigation, decision and control algorithms ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
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  • 110
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Pathogenic fungi and mycotoxins threaten plant and animal health and cause economic losses. This book focuses on the recent research progress into pathogenic fungi and mycotoxins in China. The molecular mechanisms of mycotoxin biosynthesis and pathogenic fungi growth and development are reported from the perspectives of transcription regulation, histone modification and enzymes, providing a theoretical basis for discovering new control targets. This Special Issue not only includes a review about the microbial degradation of mycotoxins, but also discusses several new chemical and biological methods which inhibit the biosynthesis of mycotoxin. Special attention is also given to the effect of nutrition on the production of mycotoxins. Some papers have also been collected about detection assays and the risk assessments of mycotoxins. The fundamental and applied research into mycotoxins is not only of particular interest but is also important for reducing economic losses.
    Keywords: deoxynivalenol ; Fusarium pseudograminearum megabirnavirus 1 ; mycoviruses ; transcriptome ; monoclonal antibody ; cell fusion ; ELISA ; immunochromatographic strips ; Aspergillus niger ; ochratoxin A ; secondary metabolism ; redox homeostasis ; carbon sources ; AnGal4 ; A. flavus ; Rac ; conidiation ; aflatoxins ; stress response ; mycotoxins ; contamination ; microorganisms ; biodegradation ; enzymes ; Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) ; glutamine synthetase ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; L-α-aminoadipic acid ; Alternaria toxins ; conjugated mycotoxins ; field experiment ; in vivo experiment ; processing tomatoes ; Aspergillus flavus ; bZIP transcription factor ; AflatfA ; AflatfB ; aflatoxin B1 ; development ; aflatoxin ; pathogenicity ; 2-hydroxyisobutyryltransferase ; Afngg1 ; peanuts ; inhibition ; visible light ; Ag-loaded titanium dioxide ; quality ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 111
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreaks are a dominant natural disturbance in the forests of Canada and northeastern USA. Widespread, severe defoliation by this native insect results in large-scale mortality and growth reductions of spruce (Picea sp.) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) forests, and largely determines future age–class structure and productivity. The last major spruce budworm outbreak defoliated over 58 million hectares in the 1970s–1980s, and caused 32–43 million m3/year of timber volume losses from 1978 to 1987, in Canada. Management to deal with spruce budworm outbreaks has emphasized forest protection, spraying registered insecticides to prevent defoliation and keep trees alive. Other tactics can include salvage harvesting, altering harvest schedules to remove the most susceptible stands, or reducing future susceptibility by planting or thinning. Chemical insecticides are no longer used, and protection strategies use biological insecticides Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) or tebufenozide, a specific insect growth regulator. Over the last five years, a $30 million research project has tested another possible management tactic, termed an ‘early intervention strategy’, aimed at area-wide management of spruce budworm populations. This includes intensive monitoring to detect ‘hot spots’ of rising budworm populations before defoliation occurs, targeted insecticide treatment to prevent spread, and detailed research into target and non-target insect effects. The objective of this Special Issue is to compile the most recent research on protection strategies against spruce budworm. A series of papers will describe results and prospects for the use of an early intervention strategy in spruce budworm and other insect management.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; SD1-669.5 ; pheromone mating disruption ; spruce budworm ; insecticide application ; multi-spectral remote sensing ; simulation ; apparent fecundity ; Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) ; Pinaceae ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; circadian rhythm ; forest protection ; early intervention strategy ; insect population management ; moth ; survival ; Phialocephala scopiformis ; moths ; optimized treatment design ; spatial-temporal patterns ; monitoring ; modelling ; science communication ; decision support system ; population control ; area-wide management ; tortricidae ; insect susceptibility ; egg recruitment ; annual defoliation ; treatment threshold ; Maine ; dispersal ; growth rate ; forest pests ; Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) ; mixed effect models ; intertree variance ; endophytic fungi ; Acadian region ; insecticides ; defoliation ; Abies balsamea ; Picea glauca ; immigration ; defoliation prediction ; early intervention ; Quebec ; phenology ; aerobiology ; economic losses ; spatial autocorrelation ; foliage protection ; computable general equilibrium model ; economic and ecological cost: benefit analyses ; hardwood content ; plant tolerance ; Lepidoptera ; migration ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 112
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Developing sustainable organic agriculture and resilient agribusiness sector is fundamental, keeping in mind the value of the opportunity presented by the growing demand for healthy and safe food globally, with the expectation for the global population to reach 9.8 billion by 2050, and 11 billion by 2100.Lately, the main threats in Europe, and worldwide, are the increasingly dynamic climate change and economic factors related to currency fluctuations. While the current environmental policy provides several mechanisms to support agribusinesses in mitigating organic food for daily increasing human population and stability of the currency, it does not contemplate the relative readiness of individuals and businesses to act correctly.Organic farming is the practice that relies more on using sustainable methods to cultivate crops and produce food animals, avoiding chemicals and dietary synthetic drug inputs that do not belong to the natural ecosystem. Organic agriculture can also contribute to meaningful socioeconomic, ecologically sustainable development, and significantly in the development of the agribusiness sector, especially in developing countries.
    Keywords: Moringa oleifera ; Japanese quail ; fertility ; egg production ; livestock ; agriculture ; organic production ; land ; taxation ; tax incentives ; income ; revenue ; property ; medicinal plants ; sustainable ; poultry ; organic ; eggs ; fatty acids ; organic farming ; production structure ; production intensity ; Ukraine ; meat ; biotic ; natural ; economic efficiency ; costs ; willingness to pay ; honey ; local ; Serbia ; bank ; job satisfaction ; team ; rural ; urban ; the Republic of Serbia ; biomass ; crop residue ; crop production ; energy purposes ; sustainability ; apiculture investment ; research and development ; beekeepers ; geographical origin ; food ; label ; Apis mellifera ; Nosema spp. ; Protofil® ; biochemical analysis ; sustainable livestock production ; added value ; buffalo milk ; dairy products ; chemical composition ; nutritional properties ; kids ; Garganica ; Maltese ; Derivata di Siria ; meat quality ; biodiversity ; marketing in higher education ; marketing mix instruments in higher education ; higher education institutions ; students’ satisfaction ; Republic of Serbia ; Spain ; dyslipidemia ; sea buckthorn ; grape ; high-fat diet ; rats ; phytotherapy ; atorvastatin ; sustainable development ; sustainable tourism development ; rural tourism ; image of a rural tourism destination ; cognitive component ; dimensions of the cognitive component ; farm development ; farm machinery ; labor ; farm investment ; productivity ; sustainable public procurement (SPP) ; green public procurement (GPP) ; consumer behavior ; GPP barriers ; green Romanian agriculture ; consumption ; green marketing ; organic consumer ; cost-effectiveness ; flame weeding ; maize ; organic agricultural production ; plant protection product residues ; organic and conventional agriculture ; LC-MS/MS ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
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  • 113
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: There is general agreement within the fields of food, nutrition, and medical sciences that an individual’s diet and lifestyle can substantially predispose one to, or protect against osteoporosis, low bone mass, and numerous other age-related bone diseases. Dietary bioactives, found diversity in a variety of foods from fruits to vegetables, herbs and spices, essential oils and beverages, have the potential to influence bone health. The NIH Office of Dietary Supplements has defined dietary bioactives as “compounds that are constituents in foods and dietary supplements, other than those needed to meet basic human nutritional needs, which are responsible for changes in health status.” These compounds are generally thought to be safe in food at normal consumption levels (e.g., polyphenols in plant foods). Dietary bioactives are currently being assessed for their properties beyond antioxidant capacity, including anti-inflammatory actions. Some compounds or classes of compounds have been reported to enhance bone formation and inhibit bone resorption through their actions on cell signaling pathways that influence osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Emerging scientific evidence is available, including observational studies and small clinical interventions that suggest consumption of certain dietary bioactives may have beneficial effects on bone health. Animal models have the unique advantage of feeding controlled diets for extended periods of time to assess long-term changes in bone. While bone mineral density (BMD) is the gold standard for assessing fracture risk, other factors such as bone structure, including trabecular thickness and separation, influence bone strength. Bone turnover rate is also predictive of fracture. Future research is needed to determine the types and quantities of dietary bioactives that are most effective and at what dose, as well as the mechanisms involved in modulating cellular events, in order to set precedence for larger clinical trials.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; bioactives ; dietary ; bone ; osteoporosis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 114
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The purpose of this Special Issue is to provide a thorough and up-to-date presentation of research investigating the impact of coffee and/or caffeine intake on various health outcomes. Areas of interest include, but are not limited to, the following topics: Human clinical trials of coffee or caffeine use in relation to disease or intermediate phenotypes. Epidemiological studies of habitual coffee or caffeine intake in relation to human health, among the general public, as well as, among special populations (i.e., children, pregnant women, diabetics, cancer patients, hypertensives, etc.). Mechanisms of action of nutrients and other bioactive components of coffee/caffeine. Studies integrating genetic or physiological markers of coffee/caffeine intake to investigations of coffee and health.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; coronary artery disease ; n/a ; lipids ; NADH dehydrogenase ; tea ; tinnitus ; safety ; transcriptomics ; ergogenic ; guidelines ; myocardial perfusion ; placebo ; Caffeine ; risk factors ; lysophosphatidylcholine ; pregnancy ; assisted reproduction techniques ; population ; adenosine ; liver fibrosis ; coffee consumption ; cognitive ; causation ; supplement ; mate ; adult ; gene expression ; wine ; lipidomics ; chocolate ; exercise ; protection ; Suicide ; dipyridamole ; regadenoson ; live birth ; hearing ; pharmacological ergogenic aid ; behavior ; cardiovascular disease ; gene-diet interaction ; whole-blood ; sex ; health ; systematic review ; causality ; genetic epidemiology ; implantation ; pharmacogenomics ; cognitions ; ergogenic aid ; time trial performance ; CYP1A2 ; aging ; phenolic ; country ; caffeine intake ; serum chloride levels ; polymorphism ; responders ; intoxication ; trial ; epidemiological methods ; bias ; adenosine receptor ; longevity ; did not respond ; energy drinks ; biomarkers ; individual responses ; Mendelian Randomization ; public policy ; anxiety ; the Norwegian Women and Cancer Cohort (NOWAC) ; ADORA2A ; clinical pregnancy ; caffeine metabolism ; caffeine intoxication ; cohort study ; mood ; mRNA ; alcohol consumption ; epidemiology ; caffeine ; expectancy ; accidental death ; European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition ; cognition ; consumption ; HIV-HCV co-infection ; cytochrome P450 ; chlorogenic acids ; soda ; 24-h dietary recall ; coffee ; depression ; sport ; age ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 115
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The aim of this Special Issue is to review, understand, and evaluate new and exciting opportunities from the field on regenerative medicine, biomaterials, and stem cell research for the bioengineering of human liver grafts that can be applied for transplantation and personalized treatment of end-stage liver disease.The development of culture conditions for long-term expansion of LGR5+ intestinal stem cells as crypt-villus structures demonstrated the feasibility of deriving complex, organ-like structures in vitro from primary adult tissues, including the liver. Moreover, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can be applied to generate functionally maturated liver and bile duct epithelial cells.In this Special Issue, we welcome reviews and original papers focussing on hepatic cell sources, including adult hepatic stem cells, organoids, fetal and induced pluripotent stem cells, and primary cells (i.e., hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and endothelial cells) and how these cells can be applied in tissue engineering strategies to generate implantable and personalized liver grafts. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following: liver tissue engineering, liver regeneration, graft repair, liver stem cells and organoids, bio-scaffolds, and 3D printing.We invite you to contribute original research papers, as well as comprehensive reviews, aligned with these themes, to advance and improve the actual state-of-the-art in liver bioengineering and providing new opportunities for the imminent medical problem of organ and tissue shortage for transplantation.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; tissue engineering ; regenerative medicine ; liver tissue bioengineering ; additive manufacturing ; copper toxicosis ; hepatobiliary stent ; reconditioning ; medical device ; liver regeneration ; Wilson Disease ; stem cells ; preclinical large animal model ; liver ; stem cell transplantation ; liver bioreactors ; personalized medicine ; direct printing ; hydrogel ; 3D structuring ; oxygen persufflation ; end-stage liver diseases ; 3D printing ; liver transplantation ; bioengineered organ ; randomized controlled trail ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue, "Scientific Papers by Developmental Biologists in Japan", represents a collection of high-quality review articles, research articles, and communications on the development of multicellular organisms at the molecule, cell, tissue, organ, and whole-organism level, which were written and submitted by developmental biologists working in Japan.
    Keywords: kidney ; development ; WT1 ; Pax2 ; Pax8 ; HNF1β ; Akhirin ; neurogenesis ; vasculogenesis ; LCCL domain ; vWF domain ; hydrocephalus ; Wnt ; roof plate ; spinal cord ; morphogenesis ; central canal ; dorsal collapse ; dorsal median septum ; neural crest ; zebrafish ; fin regeneration ; tissue polarity ; wound epithelium ; axis determination ; ER ; actin ; microtubule ; maternal mRNA ; 22q11.2 deletion syndrome ; DiGeorge syndrome ; velocardiofacial syndrome ; cleft palate ; skull base ; cleidocranial dysplasia ; hyoid bone ; teeth abnormalities ; prolonged delivery ; delayed delivery ; progesterone ; luteolysis ; basic helix-loop-helix e40 ; BHLHE40 ; LIM homeobox 1 ; LHX1 ; chicken ; optic vesicle ; retinal pigment epithelium ; RPE ; neural retina ; CRISPR/Cas9 ; pronephros ; transcription factor ; Wilms’ tumor ; Xenopus ; cerebral cortex ; cortical subtype ; layer ; sonic hedgehog ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue contains an editorial and ten papers on a range of fundamental and applied topics within the area of spider ecology and behaviour with one paper on biological control, seven papers on fundamental topics within the broad areas of ecology and behaviour, and two papers focusing on novel methodologies for studying spider behaviour.
    Keywords: Arachnology, behavioural ecology, curosial spiders, web-building spiders ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Starting from a kinase of interest, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has gone far beyond an average biomolecule. Being expressed in all mammalian cell types and probably having a counterpart in every eukaryotic cell, AMPK has attracted interest in virtually all areas of biological research. Structural and biophysical insights have greatly contributed to a molecular understanding of this kinase. From good old protein biochemistry to modern approaches, such as systems biology and advanced microscopy, all disciplines have provided important information. Thus, multiple links to cellular events and subcellular localizations have been established. Moreover, the crucial involvement of AMPK in human health and disease has been evidenced. AMPK accordingly has moved from an interesting enzyme to a pharmacological target. However, despite our extensive current knowledge about AMPK, the growing community is busier than ever. This book provides a snapshot of recent and current AMPK research with an emphasis on work providing molecular insight, including but not limited to novel physiological and pathological functions, or regulatory mechanisms. Up-to-date reviews and research articles are included.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; HDACs ; transcription ; epigenetics ; spermatozoa ; par complex ; A769662 ; MDCK ; skeletal muscle ; AID ; phosphorylation ; energy metabolism ; monocytes ; autophagy ; CML ; liver ; hindlimb suspension ; pregnancy ; preeclampsia ; gestational diabetes mellitus ; CaMKK2 ; assisted reproduction techniques ; nutrient-sensing signals ; sonic hedgehog ; protein acetylation ; glycogen storage disease ; AMPK ; adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase ; AICAR ; indirect calorimetry ; IL-1? ; MyHC I(?) ; HDAC4/5 ; endothelial cells ; infection ; hepatocyte ; p70S6K ; lipid metabolism ; host defense ; exercise ; kidney disease ; heat shock protein ; ?RIM ; mycobacteria ; activation loop ; developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) ; CREB ; TAK1 ; metabolic-inflammation ; phenylephrine ; AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) ; KATs ; 2-methoxyestradiol ; DNA methylation ; NLRP3 ; pump ; ?-linker ; steatosis ; AMPK kinase ; stress ; endothelial nitric-oxide synthase ; vasodilation ; adherent junctions ; epithelial cells ; glycogen ; Akt ; synaptic activation ; cellular energy sensing ; glucose uptake ; transporter ; co-expression ; atrophy ; nutrigenomics ; motility ; vasoconstriction ; fatty acid oxidation ; oxidative stress ; AS160 ; membrane ; histone modification ; sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) ; chromatin remodeling ; insulin signalling ; dietary fatty acids ; ULK ; CMML ; adaptive thermogenesis ; mTOR ; MDS ; mechanical unloading ; AML ; endothelial function ; medulloblastoma ; PKA ; adipose tissue ; NAD〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 ; membranes ; nutrition ; ZO-1 ; TBC1D4 ; adipocyte ; soluble Adenylyl cyclase ; metabolism ; renin-angiotensin system ; energy utilization ; proteasome ; differentiation ; signaling ; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-? (PGC1?) ; hypertrophy ; AMP-activated protein kinase ; metabolic disease ; LKB1 ; soleus muscle ; macrophages ; Immediate early genes ; CBS ; beiging ; motor endplate remodeling ; ionomycin ; nectin-afadin ; tight junctions ; resveratrol ; protein kinase B ; regrowth ; mitochondria ; protein synthesis ; energy deficiency ; catechol-〈i〉O〈/i〉-methyltransferase ; fiber-type ; microarrays ; carrier ; acetyl-CoA ; hypertension ; 3T3-L1 ; hypothalamus ; food intake ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: We are delighted to share our Special Issue on Talent Identification and Development in Youth Sports. In 2020, the editorial team had several informal discussions about the growing interest from researchers and practitioners in these disciplines, and subsequently wanted to create a platform to help advance this field of literature. Following these conversations, we decided to use the Personal Assets Framework (Côté et al., 2014, 2016) to outline our objectives and the potential research topics for our Special Issue. In doing so, it was hoped that the studies included can inform evidence-based youth sport policies and athlete development programmes. Submissions were encouraged from a diverse range of quantitative and qualitative research methods to examine the current context of talent identification and development in youth sports, as well as reviews to synthesise expert knowledge within these disciplines. In light of the articles that have been included within our Special Issue, we believe our initial aims of progressing the talent identification and development literature have been achieved, and now hope that the research presented can be utilised by key stakeholders (e.g., administrators, coaches, parents, practitioners) and organisational structures (e.g., national governing bodies, professional clubs, recreational teams, youth sport associations) to create more appropriate youth sport settings.
    Keywords: longitudinal ; young ; soccer players ; motor performance ; physical activity ; strategic skills ; affective ; motivational ; sport habits ; talent selection ; talent development ; return of investment ; market value ; drafts ; talent identification ; athlete development ; expertise ; sports coaching ; growth and maturation ; performance assessment ; relative age effect ; endurance sport ; performance development ; cross-country skiing ; talent transfer ; training responses ; Winter Olympic Games ; self-confidence sources ; self-efficacy ; elite youth athletes ; soccer ; speed ; football ; performance diagnosis ; long-term athlete development ; performance monitoring ; injury surveillance ; sprint ; countermovement jump ; youth ; maturation ; predicted adult height ; psychology ; socioeconomic ; social identity ; physical ; cognitive skills ; TID ; specialization ; freeskiing ; deliberate play ; deliberate practice ; psychological factors ; physical performance ; pattern recognition ; Bayesian machine learning ; youth rugby ; early specialization ; development ; milestones ; classification ; youth cricket ; batting ; bowling ; positive youth development ; youth sport ; realist evaluation ; life skills ; personal development ; psychosocial development ; technical skills ; technical test ; long passes ; reception ; performance ; athletic development ; ice hockey expertise ; fitness assessment ; birthplace ; individual sports ; team sports ; youth sport programs ; sport policy ; sport psychology ; academy soccer ; EPPP ; psychological literacy ; experiences of a sport psychologist ; sport psychology integration ; early sports specialization ; perceived competence ; ice hockey ; sports school ; elite sports ; multidisciplinary ; relative age effects ; athlete dropout ; sport dropout ; female ; competition level ; sport development ; sport ; challenge ; psychological safety ; care ; elite performance ; participation trends ; sport context ; motor competence ; motor skill ; grassroots ; mixed methods ; handball ; specific precision ; anthropometry ; longitudinal dimensionality ; para-athletes development ; sport expertise ; developmental model of sport participation (DMSP) ; coherence ; psychological characteristics ; physical characteristics ; technical and tactical ; elite youth soccer ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) and their chemical analogs have been utilized as building materials due to their biocompatibility and programmability. RNA, which naturally possesses a wide range of different functions, is now being widely investigated for its role as a responsive biomaterial which dynamically reacts to changes in the surrounding environment. It is now evident that artificially designed self-assembling RNAs, that can form programmable nanoparticles and supra-assemblies, will play an increasingly important part in a diverse range of applications, such as macromolecular therapies, drug delivery systems, biosensing, tissue engineering, programmable scaffolds for material organization, logic gates, and soft actuators, to name but a few. The current exciting Special Issue comprises research highlights, short communications, research articles, and reviews that all bring together the leading scientists who are exploring a wide range of the fundamental properties of RNA and DNA nanoassemblies suitable for biomedical applications.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; cotranscriptional folding ; n/a ; RNA ; conditionally activated ; i-motif DNA ; spinal cord tumor ; fluorescence ; dynamic ; stability ; functional RNA ; ribozyme ; biological media ; RNA aptamers ; gene therapy ; biosensors ; viral vector ; ganciclovir ; RNA self-assembly ; RNA nanoparticle ; gene delivery ; riboswitch ; non-viral gene delivery ; NANPs ; silver nanoclusters ; small-angle neutron scattering ; contrast variation ; aptamers ; RNA logic ; fluorogenic RNA ; glioblastoma multiforme ; RNA interference ; nucleic acid nanoparticles ; immunostimulation ; aggregation ; small-angle X-ray scattering ; non-viral vector ; light-up aptamer ; nucleic acid therapeutic ; live-cell imaging ; DNA nanotechnology ; nucleic acid computing ; nanopores ; structural characterization ; siRNA ; suicide gene therapy ; nucleic acid nanoparticle ; cytosine rich sequences ; RNA nanotechnology ; logic gates ; serum ; conditional activation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurological disease that affects tens of millions of people, in addition to their carers. Hallmark features of AD include plaques composed of amyloid beta, as well as neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein. However, despite more than a century of study, the cause of Alzheimer’s disease remains unresolved. The roles of amyloid beta and tau are being questioned and other causes of AD are now under consideration. The contributions of researchers, model organisms, and various hypotheses will be examined in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; HOTAIR ; neurosciences ; sleep disturbance ; positron emission tomography (PET) ; vitamin B complex ; neurodegeneration ; Tau ; miR-15/107 ; default-mode network ; complement receptor 1 ; neuronal differentiation ; epigenetics ; brain glucose metabolism ; oligomerization ; genetic risk ; A?O receptors ; prion ; ryanodine receptor ; type 3 diabetes ; complement ; cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia ; cognitive function ; epigenome-wide association study ; Alzheimer’s disease ; calcium signaling ; ?-secretase ; tau ; Prolyl isomerases ; NEAT1 ; complement C3b/C4b receptor ; proteostasis ; amyloid beta ; yeast ; slow-wave sleep ; amyloid ? ; nutrition ; 4 ; protein aggregation ; apolipoprotein E ; dementia ; MALAT1 ; inositol 1 ; lncRNAs ; molecular biology ; methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR gene ; 5-trisphosphate receptor ; CR1 density ; miR-34c ; aggregation ; heat shock protein ; dendritic spine ; S-adenosylmethionine ; beta amyloid ; ion channel ; inflammation ; sleep fragmentation ; cystathionine-?-lyase CTH gene ; DNA methylation ; heat shock response ; microglia ; drug target discovery ; amyloid-? oligomer ; therapy ; CR1 length polymorphism ; methylome ; APOE gene ; ubiquitin ; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ; neuronal degeneration ; type 2 diabetes ; Pin1 ; mild cognitive impairment ; dairy products ; endoplasmic reticulum ; oxidative stress ; Hispanics ; CDK5R1 ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Iron is an essential element for almost all organisms, a cofactor playing a crucial role in a number of vital functions, including oxygen transport, DNA synthesis, and respiration. However, its ability to exchange electrons renders excess iron potentially toxic, since it is capable of catalyzing the formation of highly poisonous free radicals. As a consequence, iron homeostasis is tightly controlled by sophisticated mechanisms that have been partially elucidated. Because of its biological importance, numerous disorders have been recently linked to the deregulation of iron homeostasis, which include not only the typical disorders of iron overload and deficiency but also cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. This leads iron metabolism to become an interesting therapeutic target for novel pharmacological treatments against these diseases. Several therapies are currently under development for hematological disorders, while other are being considered for different pathologies. The therapeutic targeting under study includes the hepcidin/ferroportin axis for the regulation of systemic iron homeostasis, complex cytosolic machineries for the regulation of the intracellular iron status and its association with oxidative damage, and reagents exploiting proteins of iron metabolism such as ferritin and transferrin receptor. A promising potential target is a recently described form of programmed cell death named ferroptosis, in which the role of iron is essential but not completely clarified. This Special Issue has the aim to summarize the state-of-the-art, and the latest findings published in the iron field, as well as to elucidate future directions.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QD415-436 ; Q1-390 ; developmental ; Anemia of chronic disease ; neurodegeneration ; supplementation ; MHC ; iron chelation therapy ; osteoblast ; serum biomarker ; FeSO4 ; haptoglobin ; prevention ; brain development ; pituitary ; trauma ; hepcidin ; Alzheimer’s disease ; chaotropes ; social behavior ; Africa ; macrophage ; anemia of inflammation ; Tfr2 ; chelation ; cardiomyocyte ; IV iron therapy ; Oxidative stress ; treatment ; chronic kidney disease ; iron homeostasis ; oxygen sensing ; iron chelators ; age-related macular degeneration (AMD) ; pharmaceutical targets ; non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) ; iron dextran ; pulmonary arterial hypertension ; labile iron ; low and middle income countries ; ferroportin ; gut microbiota ; reducibility ; non-HFE ; oxidative stress ; antitumor compound ; senescence ; electron transfer ; nanotechnology ; iron deficiency ; neonatal period ; heme oxygenase ; hypoxia ; Anemia ; NCOA4 ; patient blood management ; microbiome ; anemia ; iron mobilization ; iron release ; phlebotomy ; peritoneal dialysis ; Friedreich Ataxia ; ferritin ; CD8+ T cells ; M cells ; neurodegenerative disease ; NaFeEDTA ; vascular calcification ; cinnamic acid derivatives ; oral iron salts ; lipid ; acute lung injury ; Iron-sulfur ; Interleukin-6 ; neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation ; macrophages ; erythroblastic islands ; cystic fibrosis ; neuroimmune responses ; flavin nucleotide ; hemopexin ; Iron chelators ; nutrient iron ; developing countries ; hereditary hypoferritinemia ; iron ; cancer ; Indonesia ; n/a ; Hfe ; HFE ; chronic heart failure ; iron supplementation ; intestinal inflammation ; TNF ; chelators ; hemolysis ; children ; pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells ; cytokines ; didox ; intravenous iron ; T lymphocytes ; colorectal cancer ; infants ; liver ; ferritinophagy ; hereditary hyperferritinemia ; SCFA ; rheumatoid arthritis ; membrane interactions ; Sucrosomial® iron ; lung ; Kupffer cell ; iron chelation ; erythrophagocytosis ; acute kidney injury ; neurophysiology ; iron transporters ; iron absorption ; infection ; ferroptosis ; fluorescent iron chelator ; neonatal ; SNC ; immunity ; mycobacteria ; non-haem iron ; natural history ; 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone ; haem ; inflammation ; bone homeostasis ; cardiovascular disease ; heme ; heme homeostasis ; protein binding ; brain ; iron deficiency anemia ; Fe2+-chelating activity ; bioengineering ; Mek/Erk ; Bmp/Smad ; iron delivery ; genetic hemochromatosis ; osteoclast ; histidine ; rhodamine ; COPD ; hemorrhage ; antibacterial activity ; bacteria ; SLC40A1 ; transferrin receptor ; drug delivery ; nanocage ; soybean seed ferritin ; pig ; iron metabolism ; kidney ; innate immunity ; cataracts syndrome ; erythropoiesis ; obesity ; mucosal immunity ; iron overload ; fluorophore ; binding ability ; inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ; osteoporosis ; biomarker ; bioavailability ; adverse event profile ; metabolism ; iron-carbohydrate complex ; kinetics ; flavonoids ; iron regulatory proteins ; lung infection ; non transferrin bound iron ; central nurse macrophage ; iron processing ; malaria ; neurodegenerative diseases ; multifunctional iron chelators ; retina ; neuroinflammation ; anti-hepcidin therapy ; lung diseases ; anaemia ; RRM2 ; cognition ; mitochondria ; therapy ; NBIA ; red pulp macrophage ; efficacy ; hemochromatosis ; tolerability ; oral iron therapy ; growth ; venesections ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a naturally occurring signaling molecule produced in vivo and plays a pivotal role in regulating a wide array of physiological processes. Additionally, emerging findings have illuminated that many of the biological effects initially attributed to H2S may actually stem from other reactive sulfur species (RSS), including hydropersulfides (RSSH) and various higher-order polysulfur species (RSSnH, RSSnR, and HSnH, where n 〉 1). These studies have underscored the contributions of these species to essential cellular processes, such as the efficient scavenging of reactive oxygen species and electrophiles, and their influence on mitochondrial function. Nonetheless, the chemistry of RSS remains challenging due to their inherently reactive nature, and their precise measurement within biological systems continues to pose a formidable challenge. This compilation of reprints focuses on recent advancements in the field of H2S/RSS chemical biology. It encompasses original research studies and comprehensive reviews, all geared towards exploring the therapeutic potential of H2S/RSS donors in the treatment of various conditions, including cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, it delves into the molecular mechanisms and physiological roles played by RSS along with the development of methodologies for quantifying and measuring the distribution of RSS within biological systems.
    Keywords: reactive sulfur species ; hydrogen sulfide ; polysulfides ; pharmacology ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue highlights how zoos, aquariums, and botanical gardens have partnered with organizations and agencies to address local and regional conservation issues through research and education projects, rehabilitation programs, policymaking efforts, and other types of activities. Understanding how such partnerships are developed and maintained, the challenges encountered, and success stories (as well as unsuccessful ones) were of interest. Hopefully, the stories shared and lessons learned will guide other organizations in their local and regional conservation efforts.
    Keywords: botanical gardens ; conservation ; collaboration ; natural resource management ; outreach ; science communication ; endangered species ; pollinator ; conservation horticulture ; seed banking ; conservation partnerships ; amphibian ; translocation ; release ; head-starting ; reintroduction ; breeding ; New England cottontail ; ex situ breeding ; rattlesnake ; head-start ; Conservation ; zoo ; aquarium ; southern sea otter ; surrogacy ; wildlife rehabilitation ; zoos ; local native species ; regional conservation ; local wildlife ; collaborative partnership ; habitat restoration ; pollinator garden ; community engagement ; n/a ; headstarting ; land management ; rehabilitation ; sustainability ; bison ; butterfly ; ex situ conservation ; government agency ; in situ conservation ; native mussels ; turtles ; zoos and aquariums ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue published one editorial, eight articles and four reviews from approximately one hundred authors. It aimed to provide cutting-edge research on pre-clinical development and the clinical translation of radiopharmaceuticals within the molecular imaging community. The Special Issue covered radioligand development, existing radiotracer optimization, imaging agent evaluation in animal models, the clinical production of radiopharmaceuticals, and investigative research on the use of molecular imaging probes in human subjects. We appreciate all the authors’ significant contributions to this Special Issue and hope the readers will enjoy the content.
    Keywords: nanoparticle ; multimodal imaging ; photoacoustic ; heterobivalent peptide ; Alzheimer’s disease ; amyloid-beta ; animal model ; astrocyte ; blood–brain barrier ; imaging ; metabolism ; microglia ; neuroinflammation ; neurotransmitter receptors ; positron emission tomography ; synaptic density ; vascular imaging ; FDG ; PET/CT ; microvasculature imaging ; ABC-transporter ; drug-induced liver injury ; hepatotoxicity ; organic anion-transporting polypeptide ; pharmacokinetics ; liver function ; SLC-transporter ; V/Q PET/CT ; [68Ga]Ga-MAA ; 68Ga-labelled carbon nanoparticles ; glioblastoma ; fluorescence guided surgery ; 5-ALA ; fluorescein ; NIR-AZA ; magnetic resonance imaging ; high resolution ; hybrid imaging ; psychiatric disorders ; extracellular vesicles (EVs) ; umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC) ; diabetes ; I-124 ; positron emission tomography (PET) ; intravenous (I.V.) administration ; intra-arterial (I.A.) administration ; biodistribution ; fluorine-18 ; PET ; oxime ; PSMA ; lipophilicity ; radiometals ; copper-61 ; liquid targets ; post-processing ; [61Cu]Cu-DOTA-NOC ; [61Cu]Cu-DOTA-TOC ; [61Cu]Cu-DOTA-TATE ; FAP ; 99mTc-FAP inhibitor ; 99mTc-labeled iFAP ; tumor microenvironment ; SPECT ; GluN1/2B receptors ; NMDA ; [3H]ifenprodil ; σ1 and σ2 receptors ; receptor occupancy ; PET imaging ; drug development ; neurodegenerative diseases ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Freshwater macroinvertebrates play a crucial role in linking sediments and their processes to the food web. Indeed, environmental modifications (e.g., nitrogen deposition, salinity, and temperature increase), pollution (e.g., pesticides and heavy metals), and introduction of alien species are the main drivers of changes that are affecting their communities. This Special Issue aims to present the past and present knowledge on freshwater macroinvertebrates to understand their role as providers of ecosystem services, to highlight the effects of global changes on their community (in the short and long term), and to underline major gaps in their study. Finally, in order to tackle the currently unsustainable use of freshwater natural capital, we welcome ideas and expert opinions on the development of future research linked to national and international regulations.
    Keywords: biological quality element ; chemical analysis ; Chironomus riparius ; DDTs ; legacy contaminants ; PCBs ; POP ; standard ecotoxicological tests ; Water Framework Directive ; lakes ; invasion biology ; non-indigenous species ; Procambarus Clarkii ; Pacifastacus Leniusculus ; Orconectes Limosus ; snails ; endemic species ; invasive species ; random forest model ; multivariate analysis ; partial dependence analysis ; calcrete aquifer ; epikarst ; hyporheal ; hypotelminorheal ; stygobiont ; bioassessment ; temporal trend ; altitude ; climate ; insects ; grain-size ; sediment ; macroinvertebrates ; ecological status ; multimetric indices ; coevolution ; epizoosis ; grazing ; periphyton ; scrapers ; indices and metrics ; sediment quality ; St. Lawrence River ; highly humic lakes ; ecological status assessment ; saprobic index ; general degradation index ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Discovered in plants at the turn of the century, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to be fundamental to many aspects of plant biology. These small (20–24 nt) regulatory RNAs are derived via processing from longer imperfect double-stranded RNAs. They are then incorporated into silencing complexes, which they guide to (m)RNAs of high sequence complementarity, resulting in gene silencing outcomes, either via RNA degradation and/or translational inhibition. Some miRNAs are ancient, being present in all species of land plants and controlling fundamental processes such as phase change, organ polarity, flowering, and leaf and root development. However, there are many more miRNAs that are much less conserved and with less understood functions. This Special Issue contains seven research papers that span from understanding the function of a single miRNA family to examining how the miRNA profiles alter during abiotic stress or nutrient deficiency. The possibility of circular RNAs in plants acting as miRNA decoys to inhibit miRNA function is investigated, as was the hierarchical roles of miRNA biogenesis factors in the maintenance of phosphate homeostasis. Three reviews cover the potential of miRNAs for agronomic improvement of maize, the role of miRNA-triggered secondary small RNAs in plants, and the potential function of an ancient plant miRNA.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; microRNAs ; abiotic stress ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; heat stress ; photosynthesis ; maize (Zea mays L.) ; immunoprecipitation ; tapetum ; resurrection plants ; plastocyanin ; dehydration ; Tripogon loliiformis ; secondary siRNA ; RT-qPCR ; putrescine ; DRB2 ; phosphate (PO4) stress ; argonaute ; development ; miR399-directed PHO2 expression regulation ; circRNA ; Solanum lycopersicum ; copper deficiency ; salt stress ; DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA BINDING (DRB) proteins DRB1 ; P5CS ; proline ; phasiRNA ; drought stress ; agronomic traits ; Colorado potato beetle ; Cu-microRNA ; plant ; miR171 ; STTM ; aleurone ; PHOSPHATE2 (PHO2) ; vegetative growth ; nutrient availability ; miRNAs ; non-coding RNA ; pollen ; tomato ; flowering ; crop improvement ; callose ; miRNA target gene expression ; circular RNAs ; miRNA ; programmed cell death ; DRB4 ; microRNA (miRNA) ; target mimicry ; MYB transcription factors ; post-transcriptional gene silencing ; desiccation ; miR399 ; miR159 ; copper protein ; drought ; microRNAs (miRNAs) ; microRNA ; GAMYB ; tasiRNA ; phosphorous (P) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The prevalence of diabetes is on the increase in the UK and worldwide, partly due to changes in lifestyle which predispose individuals to overweight and obesity. It is estimated that about 90% of the currently diagnosed adults have type 2 diabetes, and based on the World Health Organisation (WHO) report, about 422 million adults were living with diabetes in 2014 compared with 108 million in 1980; this condition caused about 1.5 million deaths in 2012. In the United States of America, it is estimated that about 30.3 million adults are living with diabetes, with a further 1.5 million new diabetes cases diagnosed every year, representing an increasing prevalence of this condition. Diabetes represents a major public health challenge, despite advances in technology and the pharmaceutical industry. These problems may be in the form of acute or long-term complications. Therefore, in order to attenuate the problems of diabetes, management strategies usually include lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity and dietary interventions. Studies which evaluate the role of nutrition in the management of type 2 diabetes often involve human and animal models as these approaches enable us to have a broader and more in-depth understanding of the condition. In some cases, diabetes may co-exist with other conditions, such as stroke, and these may present unique challenges with regard to nutritional interventions. This Special Issue aims to evaluate the risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes and the role of the diet in the management of people with this condition. This evidence is drawn from both human and animal studies.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; low-carbohydrate ; lipids ; carbohydrate restricted diet ; aldosterone ; high fat diet ; interleukin-6 ; rosemary extract ; Hedychium coronarium ; isomaltulose ; low carbohydrate diet ; folk medicine ; free fatty acids (FFA) ; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ; mushroom ; protein and fat counting ; incretins ; fish oil ; almond ; Japanese ; vitamin D deficiency ; low energy diet ; AMPK ; women ; glycaemic index ; T2DM ; zinc status ; ginseng ; longitudinal analysis ; dietary management approaches ; glucose monitoring ; gut microbiome ; nutritional supplement ; carbohydrate counting ; gestational diabetes ; type 2 diabetes mellitus ; very-low-calorie ; inflammatory parameters ; vitamin D ; subjective appetite ; randomised controlled trial ; total body lean ; insulin secretion ; systematic review ; lactic acid bacteria ; food ; type 2 diabetes ; fish ; zinc intake ; glycaemic control ; diabetes ; dairy products ; glycated haemoglobin ; short chain fatty acids ; glycated hemoglobin A ; glycemic control ; vegetable oil ; standard formula ; cardiovascular risk factors ; DASH ; insulin dosage ; appendicular fat ; body composition ; total body fat ; micronutrients ; 25-OH-D ; obesity ; diabetes reversal ; enteral nutrition ; PUFA ; body mass index ; metabolic syndrome ; lifestyle management ; nutrition ; streptozotocin ; nuts ; enteral tube feeding ; lipid profile ; macronutrients ; triglyceride ; tempeh ; cohort study ; diabetes specific formula ; polyunsaturated fatty acids ; diabetes mellitus ; calcium intake ; hyperglycemia ; epidemiology ; trace elements ; dietary intake ; muscle ; appendicular lean ; peanut ; insulin resistance ; sucromalt ; pancreatectomy ; energy restricted diet ; glycemic index ; type 1 diabetes ; fasting blood glucose ; bariatric surgery ; prediabetes ; aronia ; meta-analysis ; chronic conditions ; diabetes management ; dietary pattern ; diet quality ; lipid parameters ; feces ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Herbaceous field crops include several hundred plant species worldly widespread for different end-uses, from food to no-food applications. Among them are included cereals, grain legumes, sugar beet, potato, cotton, tobacco, sunflower, safflower, rape, flax, soybean, alfalfa, clover spp. and other fodder crops, but only 15–20 species play a relevant role for the worldly global economy. Nowadays, to meet the food demand of the ever-increasing world population in a scenario of decreased arable lands, the development of holistic agricultural management approaches to boost contemporaneously yield and quality of herbaceous field crops is essential. Accordingly, this book represents an up-to-date collection of the current understanding of the impact of several agricultural management factors (i.e., genetic selection, planting density and arrangement, fertilization, irrigation, weed control and harvest time) on the yield and qualitative performances of 11 field crops (wheat, cardoon, potato, clary sage, basil, sugarcane, canola, cotton, tomato, lettuce and hemp). On the whole, the topics covered in this book will ensure students and academic readers, such as plant physiologists, environmental scientists, biotechnologists, botanists, soil chemists and agronomists, to get the information about the recent research advances on the eco-sustainable management cultivation of herbaceous field crops, with a particular focus on varietal development, soil nutrient and water management, weed control, etc.
    Keywords: planting density ; fertilization ; the central composite design ; fiber yield ; analog optimization ; potato ; nitrogen fertilization ; environmental sustainability ; cost-effective ; nitrogen use efficiency ; tuber yield ; EONFR ; growth ; specific leaf nitrogen ; critical nitrogen uptake ; cotton ; dry matter yield ; root growth ; root physiology ; water productivity ; nitrogen productivity ; drip irrigation quota ; lint yield ; biomass ; leaf chlorophyll fluorescence ; leaf gas exchange ; leaf structure ; drought tolerance ; dry weight yield ; essential oil content ; leaf area index ; Ocimum basilicum ; potassium ; fertilizer ; biomass accumulation ; fiber quality ; organic farming system ; yield ; pH ; soluble solid content ; Bostwick viscosity ; phosphorus sensitivity ; phosphorus ; reproductive organ biomass ; nutrients accumulation ; plant density ; nitrogen fertilization rate ; photosynthesis rate ; SPAD readings ; nitrogen efficiency indices ; tuber nutritional composition ; cereal crops ; plant water extracts ; bioherbicides ; weed management ; allelopathy ; dual purpose canola ; nitrogen fertilizer ; oil content ; grazing ; sustainable agriculture ; integrated weed management ; yield losses ; preventive weed control ; mechanical weed control ; physical weed control ; biological weed control ; herbicides ; hybrids ; wheat ; weeds ; competition ; genetic gain ; genomic selection ; quantitative genetics ; sugarcane breeding ; pit plantation ; planting patterns ; ratoon crop ; sowing techniques ; sugarcane yield ; quality ; seasonal variation ; fatty acids ; free sugars ; chemical composition ; Cynara cardunculus L. ; cardoon ; organic acids ; clary sage ; essential oil ; aromatic plant species ; biometric and agronomic characteristics ; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; organic farming ; calcareous soils ; crop physiology ; sustainability ; diatomaceous earth ; monosilicic acid ; Si application method ; soil water conditions ; wheat cultivar ; tocopherols ; lipidic fraction ; companion plants ; N-fertilization ; partial land equivalent ratio (PLER) ; weed control ; grain quality ; productivity ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The high demand and depletion of petroleum reserves and the associated impact on the environment, together with volatility in the energy market price over the past three decades, have led to tremendous efforts in bio-based research activities, especially in biofuels and biochemicals. Most people associate petroleum with gasoline, however, approximately 6000 petroleum-derived products are available on the market today. Ironically, these petroleum-derived products have not elicited a high level of interest among the populace and media due, in part, to little awareness of the origins of these important products. Given the finite nature of petroleum, it is critical to devote substantial amounts of energy and resources on the development of renewable chemicals, as is currently done for fuels. Theoretically, the bioproduction of gasoline-like fuels and the 6000 petroleum-derived products are within the realm of possibility since our aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems contain abundant and diverse microorganisms capable of catalyzing unlimited numbers of reactions. Moreover, the fields of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering have evolved to the point that a wide range of microorganisms can be enticed or manipulated to catalyze foreign, or improve indigenous, biosynthetic reactions. To increase the concentration of products of interest and to ensure consistent productivity and yield, compatible fermentation processes must be used. Greater agricultural and chemical production during the past three decades, due in part to population increase and industrialization, has generated increasing levels of waste, which must be treated prior to discharge into waterways or wastewater treatment plants. Thus, in addition to the need to understand the physiology and metabolism of microbial catalysts of biotechnological significance, development of cost-effective fermentation strategies to produce biofuels and chemicals of interests while generating minimal waste, or better yet, converting waste into value-added products, is crucial. In this Special Issue, we invite authors to submit original research and review articles that increase our understanding of fermentation technology vis-à-vis production of liquid biofuels and biochemicals, and fermentation strategies that alleviate product toxicity to the fermenting microorganism while enhancing productivity. Further, original research articles and reviews focused on anaerobic digestion, production of gaseous biofuels, fermentation optimization using modelling and simulations, metabolic engineering, or development of tailor-made fermentation processes are welcome.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; lactic acid ; butanediol ; Clostridium pasteurianum ; Escherichia coli ; furfural ; phenolic compounds ; Clostridium beijerinckii ; co-culture ; ethanol ; simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) ; co-fermentation ; redox ; butanol ; butyric acid ; propanediol ; Miscanthus giganteus ; microalgae ; mixed sugars fermentation ; transcriptomics ; switchgrass ; anaerobic digestion ; cofactors ; Clostridium acetobutylicum ; process integration ; biogas ; techno-economics of production ; hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) ; glycerol ; isopropanol ; synthetic biology ; biotransformation ; corn stover ; lignocellulose derived microbial inhibitory compounds (LDMICs) ; succinic acid ; bioreactors ; metabolic engineering ; syngas fermentation ; lignocellulose ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Dietary fiber has long been recognized for its role in digestive function. However, currently there is scientific debate about definitions (descriptive and analytical), optimal intake, and essentiality in the human diet. Dietary fiber is a key substrate for bacterial metabolism in the colon, which makes research on dietary fiber an important issue that complements current interest in the gut microbiota. Dietary fiber is also important for prevention and management of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and other chronic diseases. This Special Issue will highlight recent research on dietary fiber content in foods and function in human health, ranging from digestive function to chronic disease prevention and management.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Definition ; Dietary fiber ; Fermentation ; Prebiotic ; Glucose control ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue contains 28 papers covering a wide range of topics related to plant genomics and genetics. The papers utilize a variety of genomic tools and techniques to explore topics such as identification of quantitative trait loci associated with flax seed yield and oil quality, mucilage and hull content in flax seeds, and genomic prediction for pasmo resistance in flax. Other papers focus on the identification and characterization of specific genes, such as the EXO70 gene family in wheat and related species, hydroxycinnamoyl transferase in tea plants, and the WRKY transcription factor GmWRKY12 in soybeans. Several papers examine gene expression and regulation in response to abiotic stress, such as drought and salt tolerance in moso bamboo, and the response to chilling in bell peppers. Other topics include genetic diversity analysis of crested wheatgrass, genome-wide analysis of chitin-binding protein gene family in peppers, and genome-wide bioinformatics analysis of MAPK gene family in kiwifruit. Overall, this Special Issue provides a comprehensive view of the current state of plant genomics research, showcasing the diversity of approaches and tools being used to better understand and improve crop plants.
    Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum ; UGlcAE gene family ; identification ; characterization ; plant hormones ; gene expression ; Jatropha curcas ; Dof gene family ; transcription factor ; phylogenetic analysis ; gene expression analysis ; warming ; BrHSFA2 ; BrHSP18.2s ; transcriptome ; alternative splicing ; Kenshin ; Verbena bonariensis ; drought stress ; transcriptome sequencing ; differentially expressed genes ; analysis ; non-coding RNA ; transcriptomes ; bell pepper ; chilling injury ; longan ; WRKY ; expression analysis ; flower induction ; abiotic stress ; chitin-binding protein ; chitinase ; pepper ; expression ; biotic stress ; flax ; genome-wide association study (GWAS) ; selective sweep ; genotyping by sequencing (GBS) ; bi-parental population ; single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ; seed yield ; plant height ; maturity ; fatty acid composition ; DNA methylation ; flower color chimera ; bisulfate sequencing ; comparative epigenomes ; transposon ; ornamental Prunus mume ; novel accessions ; PIC ; PCR ; EST-gSSRs ; genes ; genetic distance ; apple ; SAP gene family ; function analysis ; osmotic stress ; mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) ; kiwifruit ; phylogenetic relationships ; biotic and abiotic stresses ; genotyping-by-sequencing ; Agropyron ; genetic diversity ; genetic structure ; SNP ; flaxseed ; Linum usitatissimum ; GWAS ; seed mucilage content ; seed hull content ; ZmWRKY106 ; drought tolerance ; thermotolerance ; maize ; Pyrus hopeiensis ; cp genome ; IR boundary ; phylogeny ; Betula halophile ; salt stress ; Cleistogenes songorica ; LEA proteins ; abiotic stresses ; flow cytometry ; genome size ; nuclear DNA content ; reference genome assembly ; standardization ; upland cotton ; TCP genes ; miR319 ; target genes ; tea ; hydroxycinnamoyl transferase ; ABA signaling ; hormone ; stress responsive mechanism ; salt tolerance ; transgenic hairy root assay ; soybean ; regulation and efficiency of translation ; genome-wide scale ; experimental approaches ; computational algorithms ; features of plant mRNAs ; EXO70 ; Haynaldia villosa ; gene family ; phylogenetic relationship ; subcellular localization ; expression profiling ; rice ; trihelix transcription factor ; stress response ; light ; genomic selection ; genomic prediction ; genotyping by sequencing ; pasmo resistance ; pasmo severity ; quantitative trait loci ; single nucleotide polymorphism ; Septoria linicola ; Phyllostachys edulis ; Dof transcription factor ; flowering time ; satellite DNA ; genome evolution ; plants ; next-generation sequencing ; high order repeats ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Inland lakes are indicators of climate change and environmental deterioration. As a unique ecosystem unit, an inland lake is one of the basic locations for human survival and development. In recent years, with the rapid development of regional society and economy, the ecological environment of inland lakes has been continuously disturbed by human activities under the influence of large-scale water and soil exploitation activities, which have affected the ecological environment of lakes. Therefore, lake ecological restoration and water quality monitoring under the coupled effect of climate change and human activities are the key to lake protection and management. In recent years, remote sensing has played an increasingly important role in the monitoring of the terrestrial water cycle. Remote sensing technology has been applied in many fields, such as water storage, water quality, water level, and hydrodynamics. Furthermore, the explosive growth of remote sensing data applications is driven by the coupling of multisource remote sensing data and the expansion of new modeling technology.
    Keywords: Lakes ; rivers ; water environment ; remote sensing ; modeling ; water resource management ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The aim of this reprint is to provide more awareness of the use of bioplastics obtained from renewable resources in numerous aspects of our daily used items. This reprint presents recent progress in the use of innovative feedstock, full characterization of new biomaterials and innovative technologies used to produce innovative sustainable materials.
    Keywords: biobased polymers ; biobased polyesters ; biodegradable polymers ; sustainable development ; waste-derived materials ; renewable resources ; sustainable packaging ; green composites ; furan-based polymers ; compostable materials&nbsp ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: We are delighted to present this Special Issue to celebrate a remarkable milestone in the journey of Applied Dentistry. With great pleasure, we announce the publication of the journal's 20,000th paper. This remarkable achievement reflects the unwavering commitment and dedication of our esteemed authors, reviewers, and readers who have contributed to the advancement of dental research.Over the years, Applied Dentistry has emerged as a beacon of knowledge, serving as a platform for the dissemination of cutting-edge research and innovative ideas in various domains of dental science. Our journal encompasses a wide range of disciplines, covering everything from dental materials and biomaterials to preventive and therapeutic strategies, from clinical applications to regenerative dentistry.We envision this milestone as a stepping stone toward even greater accomplishments. Through the collaboration and collective efforts of researchers worldwide, we strive to push the boundaries of dental science, explore new frontiers, and improve oral health outcomes for individuals across the globe.In conclusion, we extend our warmest congratulations to all those who have contributed to the publication of the Special Issue celebrating Applied Dentistry's 20,000th paper milestone.
    Keywords: cigarette smoking ; cytokines ; pain ; peri-implantitis ; peri-implant crevicular fluid ; inflammation ; sealers ; vertical fracture ; root filling ; fracture resistance ; obturation technique ; clinical manifestations ; gingival disorders ; oral scurvy ; scurvy ; vitamin C deficiency ; marginal misfit ; laser profilometry ; Micro-CT ; selective laser melting ; CAD-CAM ; periapical surgery ; surgical endodontic treatment ; preoperative factors ; prospective study ; migrants ; middle-and low-income countries ; oral health of migrants ; oral hygiene habits ; migrant children’s oral health status ; dental caries ; gingival bleeding ; polymers ; polymethyl methacrylate ; bacteria ; disinfection ; oral health ; tooth shade ; skin color ; shade and age ; skin and shade ; Saudi ; PMMA ; acrylic teeth ; non-anatomic teeth ; semi-anatomic teeth ; injection molding technique ; compression molding technique ; denture processing ; tooth movement ; denture base resin ; posterior tooth form ; linear dimensional change ; complete denture ; CAD/CAM ; resin composite ; hardness ; instrumented indentation testing ; titanium alloy ; zirconia ; retention ; additive manufacturing ; subtractive manufacturing ; custom post and core ; 3D printing ; non-precious alloy ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Functional advanced biopolymers have received far less attention than renewable biomass (cellulose, rubber, etc.) used for energy production. Among the most advanced biopolymers known is chitosan. The term chitosan refers to a family of polysaccharides obtained by partial de-N-acetylation from chitin, one of the most abundant renewable resources in the biosphere. Chitosan has been firmly established as having unique material properties as well as biological activities. Either in its native form or as a chemical derivative, chitosan is amenable to being processed—typically under mild conditions—into soft materials such as hydrogels, colloidal nanoparticles, or nanofibers. Given its multiple biological properties, including biodegradability, antimicrobial effects, gene transfectability, and metal adsorption—to name but a few—chitosan is regarded as a widely versatile building block in various sectors (e.g., agriculture, food, cosmetics, pharmacy) and for various applications (medical devices, metal adsorption, catalysis, etc.). This Special Issue presents an updated account addressing some of the major applications, including also chemical and enzymatic modifications of oligos and polymers. A better understanding of the properties that underpin the use of chitin and chitosan in different fields is key for boosting their more extensive industrial utilization, as well as to aid regulatory agencies in establishing specifications, guidelines, and standards for the different types of products and applications.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QD415-436 ; Q1-390 ; chitosan ; cyclodextrin ; graft copolymer ; polyelectrolyte complex ; polymer carrier ; iron(III) hydroxide ; marine resources ; over-the counter-drug ; chitooligosaccharides ; papermaking ; methylene blue ; nanoparticles ; biosynthesis ; sorption competition ; self-masking nanosphere lithography ; Citrobacter ; wet-end ; skin care ; cicada ; chitosan derivative ; nanoparticle ; swelling ; bio-sorbent ; gene delivery ; metabolic pathway ; TEOS ; hydrogel ; dendrimer ; binary ; aerogels ; ionic liquids ; drug delivery systems ; sorption ; fruits ; FTIR ; hear care ; mechanism ; plant growth ; chitosan structure ; strontium ; click chemistry ; nanostructured biomaterial ; lead ; non-viral vectors ; thermal transition sol-gel ; single ; medical applications ; salt effects ; neodymium ; chitin derivative ; characterization ; easily recyclable ; bioflocculant ; deacetylation pattern ; drug delivery ; XRD ; zinc–chitosan complexes ; heterogeneous catalyst ; Boron ; controlled functionalization ; DSC ; eco-friendly formulations ; adsorption ; wastewater ; chitosan supported copper ; derivatization ; modelling ; mechanical properties ; chitin ; wet and dried states ; pDNA ; PEO/chitosan blend ; thermodynamic ; PCL ; craniofacial engineering ; desorption ; polymer ; biological activity ; mercury ; self-assembled ; oral care ; ionic cross-linking ; scaffolds ; cross-linking ; pesticides ; chitin deacetylases ; substrate specificity ; phase transition ; interpenetrating ; coating ; phosphate ; MTDSC ; siRNA ; structure ; defense responses ; organosilicon compound ; iron ; ionogels ; gelation mechanism ; carbohydrate esterases ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Cultural landscapes are the result of social-ecological processes that have co-evolved throughout history, shaping high-value sustainable systems. The current processes of global change, such as agricultural intensification, rural abandonment, urban sprawl, and socio-economic dynamics, are threatening cultural landscapes worldwide. Whereas this loss is often unstoppable due to rapid and irreversible social-ecological changes, there are also examples where rationale protection measures can preserve cultural landscapes while promoting the sustainability of social-ecological systems. However, not all conservation policy-making processes consider the value of cultural landscapes, which makes their preservation even more difficult. Indeed, conservation policies focused on the wilderness paradigm are often counterproductive to conserving highly valuable cultural landscapes. The chapters in this book cover a wide spectrum of topics related to the preservation and sustainability of cultural landscapes, using different methodological approaches and involving regions from all over the world. This book can be useful for both researchers and professionals interested in using the socio-ecological framework in their scientific and applied work.
    Keywords: sustainability ; cultural landscape ; Linpan ; traditional settlement ; spatial analysis ; cultural landscape corridor planning ; participation ; conflicts ; development preferences ; alternative future assessments ; scenario planning ; agricultural heritage ; folk nomenclature ; floristic composition ; traditional knowledge ; small-scale fisheries ; ICT4F ; South Africa ; value chains ; Real Utopias ; technology ; co-design ; urban heritage conservation ; historic urban landscapes ; urban planning and management ; cultural heritage ; Surat’s heritage ; sustainable development ; integrated environmental management ; cultural landscapes ; stakeholder participation ; landscape planning ; systems thinking ; group modeling ; participatory modeling ; conservation ; wilderness ; wilderness discourse ; Placetelling® ; local heritage ; islands ; sustainable tourism ; Cape Verde ; Inuit ; decolonization ; self-determination ; community planning ; urban rivers ; urban planning ; natural landscape ; waterfowl ; riparian birds ; historical landscape ; land use ; landscape stability ; ecotourism ; cultural heritage garden ; tourists’ preference ; Tokyo ; view factor ; campsites ; landscape identity ; architectural strategies ; itinerant tourism ; Mediterranean tradition ; inside and outside protected areas ; intensity of change ; IUCN’s Category V ; landscape structure ; management effectiveness ; rurality loss ; spatial heterogeneity ; spatial-temporal patterns ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The metabolomics approach, defined as the study of all endogenously-produced low-molecular-weight compounds, appeared as a promising strategy to define new cancer biomarkers. Information obtained from metabolomic data can help to highlight disrupted cellular pathways and, consequently, contribute to the development of new-targeted therapies and the optimization of therapeutics. Therefore, metabolomic research may be more clinically translatable than other omics approaches, since metabolites are closely related to the phenotype and the metabolome is sensitive to many factors. Metabolomics seems promising to identify key metabolic pathways characterizing features of pathological and physiological states. Thus, knowing that tumor metabolism markedly differs from the metabolism of normal cells, the use of metabolomics is ideally suited for biomarker research. Some works have already focused on the application of metabolomic approaches to different cancers, namely lung, breast and liver, using urine, exhaled breath and blood. In this Special Issue we contribute to a more complete understanding of cancer disease using metabolomics approaches.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QD415-436 ; Q1-390 ; cell transporters ; pharmacodynamics ; cell growth ; in vitro study ; metabolomic signatures ; endometabolome ; lung cancer ; metabolomics ; chemometric methods ; bladder cancer ; mTOR ; metabolite profiling ; metabolic pathways ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; glutamate ; senescence MCF7 ; breath analysis ; bio actives ; biomarker ; gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) ; GC-MS ; lung ; omics ; nutraceuticals ; glutaminase ; metabolism ; acylcarnitines ; Erwinaze ; Kidrolase ; glutathione ; targeted metabolomics ; apoptosis ; SLC1A5 ; essential amino acids ; cancer progression ; ASCT2 ; HR MAS ; alanine ; analytical platforms ; volatile organic compound ; glutaminolysis ; isotope tracing analysis ; asparaginase ; vitamin E ; breast cancer ; prognosis ; early diagnosis ; tocotrienols ; NMR ; prostate cancer ; in vitro ; cancer ; MDA-MB-231 ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: "Molecules at Play in Cancer" is a collection of 24 research articles on recent findings about some important molecules responsible for either cancer development and proliferation, or anti-cancer therapy. It covers a wide range of tissues and organs affected by cancer: adrenal glands, blood, breasts, muscles, ovaries, prostate, stomach, and testicles.
    Keywords: Agkistrodon ; leucine ; membrane ; phenylalanine ; venom peptides ; familial hyperaldosteronism type 3 ; KCNJ5 ; adrenal tumor ; β-catenin ; MALDI-IMS ; CYP11B2 ; PNU-74654 ; TNF receptor-1 ; apoptosis ; testicular cancer ; alveolar epithelial stem cells ; ACE2 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; RBD of spike glycoprotein ; metastatic microenvironment ; ovarian cancer ; exosomal microRNA ; biomarker ; early diagnosis ; BSG ; basigin ; CD147 ; MM ; multiple myeloma ; survival ; AP5M1 ; BAIAP2L1 ; CRISPR ; ENTPD2 ; master regulator ; LOC145474 ; MTOR ; PRRG1 ; VIM ; WFDC3 ; circulating tumor cells ; non-small-cell lung cancer ; single cell next generation sequencing ; nematode ; microenvironment ; cancer ; research ; ZEB2 ; prognosis ; immune cells ; cyclin D1 ; epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ; stage I gastric cancer ; early gastric cancer ; node-negative gastric cancer ; B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) ; soluble BCMA (sBCMA) ; multiple myeloma (MM) ; anti-BCMA CAR-T cell therapy ; INDEL ; genetic ancestry ; Amazon ; biomarkers ; KIRC ; GOT2 ; multi-omics ; epigenetics ; immune cell infiltration ; arsenic trioxide ; Parkin ; HeLa ; autophagy ; salivaomics ; breast cancer ; saliva ; molecular biological subtype ; HER2 status ; estrogen receptors ; progesterone receptors ; HPV DNA in breast ; nested PCR ; gastric cancer ; hsa-miR-942-3p ; AR ; MAPK/ERK signaling pathway ; HCC ; CTCs ; miRNAs ; proteomics ; fenbendazole ; microtubule polymerization ; self-administration ; EMT ; UQCRB ; ROS ; hypoxia ; HIF-1α ; deuterium-depleted water (DDW) ; deuterium-depleted yolk (DDyolk) ; anticancer drug development ; D/H ratio ; production of metabolic water ; ketogenic diet ; NEAT1 ; liver cancer cell line ; drug resistance ; SOD2 ; MAPK ; AKT ; rhabdomyosarcoma ; sarcoma ; mouse model ; Nf1 ; Ink4a/Arf ; vincristine ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Allohexaploid bread wheat and diploid barley are two of the most cultivated crops in the world. This book reports novel research and reviews concerning the use of modern technologies to understand the molecular bases for wheat and barley improvement. The contributions published in this book illustrate research advances in wheat and barley knowledge using modern molecular techniques. These molecular approaches cover genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and phenomic levels, together with new tools for gene identification and the development of novel molecular markers. Overall, the contributions for this book lead to a further understanding of regulatory systems in order to improve wheat and barley performance.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; biotechnology ; transgene ; Aegilops tauschii ; antioxidant enzymes ; aquaporin ; molecular marker ; Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) ; transgenic wheat ; purple acid phosphatase phytase ; genome editing ; genes ; resistance ; genome assembly ; germination ; protein two-dimensional electrophoresis ; 1 ; disease resistance ; Thinopyrum ; plant ; oligo probe ; optical mapping ; genetic biofortification ; breeding ; population structure ; marker-assisted selection ; crops ; hybrid necrosis ; PAPhy ; Triticeae ; wheat ; Barley ; genome stability ; CRISPR ; powdery mildew ; RNA editing ; bread wheat ; allohexaploid ; nucleus ; chromatin ; introgression ; favorable alleles ; genetic engineering ; Tunisian landraces ; barely ; Pm40 ; Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ; Transcriptional dynamics ; Lr42 ; Triticum durum ; histochemical analysis ; molecular mapping ; ribosomal DNA ; 12-oxophytodienoate reductase ; small segment translocation ; HIGS ; Powdery mildew ; abiotic stress ; phytase ; RNA-seq ; Bulked segregant analysis-RNA-Seq (BSR-Seq) ; grain ; DArTseq technology ; center of diversity ; mature grain phytase activity (MGPA) ; cereals ; Grain development ; hybrid ; homoeolog ; 3D-FISH ; jasmonates ; Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ; genetic diversity ; ND-FISH ; durum wheat ; protease ; transpiration ; TdPIP2 ; cereal cyst nematodes ; mass spectrometry ; 6R ; Landrace ; marker-trait associations ; BAC ; chromosome ; barley ; freezing tolerance ; KASP markers ; Triticum aestivum ; rye ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Water scarcity is a critical issue for agriculture, and, hence, efficient management and conservation practices for agricultural water use are essential for adapting to and mitigating the impacts of current and future discrepancy between water supplies and water demands. This Special Issue focuses on “Agricultural Water Conservation: Tools, Strategies, and Practices”, which aims to bring together a collection of recent cutting-edge research and advancements in agricultural water conservation. The Special Issue intends to give a broad overview focusing on on-farm water conservation practices, advanced irrigation tools and water technologies, and the best management practices and strategies for efficient water use in agriculture.
    Keywords: irrigation ; groundwater ; alluvial aquifer ; water conservation adoption ; row crops ; Mississippi Delta ; precision agriculture ; Lower Mississippi River Valley ; clogging ; drip irrigation ; emitter ; hydrocyclone ; digestate liquid fraction ; wastewater ; salinity ; environments ; AquaCrop model ; water productivity ; scenarios ; tolerant ; Colorado River Basin ; drought ; irrigation management strategy ; water deficit ; optimum water use ; forage ; BEARS ; bushland ; climate ; evapotranspiration ; groundwater management ; irrigation water management ; Ogallala aquifer region ; remote sensing ; lysimeter ET assessment ; water-use efficiency ; analytical formula ; efficient design ; application efficiency ; gravity irrigation ; solar MajiPump ; water and crop productivity ; small-scale irrigation ; conservation agriculture ; Ethiopia ; sensible and latent heat fluxes ; surface renewal method ; tea plantation ; eddy covariance ; squash ; partial root drying ; water use efficiency ; soil mulch ; growing seasons ; gas exchange ; fruit quality ; Asparagus officinalis L. ; cultivars ; spears yield ; sandy soil ; water requirements ; IWUE ; autonomous landscape irrigation ; Hargreaves and Samani evapotranspiration model ; water conservation ; smart controller ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
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  • 142
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The goal of bioprocessing is to optimize process variables, such as product quantity and quality, in a reproducible, scalable, and transferable manner. However, bioprocesses are highly complex. A large number of process parameters and raw material attributes exist, which are highly interactive, and may vary from batch to batch. Those interactions need to be understood, and the source of variance must be identified and controlled. While purely data-driven correlations, such as chemometric models of spectroscopic data, may be employed for the understanding how process parameters are related to process variables, they can hardly be deployed outside of the calibration space. Currently, mechanistic models, models based on mechanistic links and first principles, are in the focus of development. They are perceived to allow transferability and scalability, because mechanistics can be extrapolated. Moreover, the models deliver a large range of hardly-measureable states and physiological parameters. The current Special Issue wants to display current solutions and case studies of development and deployment of hybrid models and multi-parametric control of bioprocesses. It includes: •Models for Bioprocess Monitoring •Model for Bioreactor Design and Scale Up •Hybrid model solutions, combinations of data driven and mechanistic models. •Model to unravel mechanistic physiological regulations •Implementation of hybrid models in the real-time context •Data science driven model for process validation and product life cycle management
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; scale down models ; modeling and control of bioprocesses ; monitoring ; integrated bioprocess development ; data–information–knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 143
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Carbonic anhydrases (CAs; EC 4.2.1.1) are metalloenzymes present in all kingdoms of life, as they equilibrate the reaction between three simple but essential chemical species: CO2, bicarbonate, and protons. Discovered more than 80 years ago, in 1933, these enzymes have been extensively investigated due to the biomedical application of their inhibitors, but also because they are an extraordinary example of convergent evolution, with seven genetically distinct CA families that evolved independently in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. CAs are also among the most efficient enzymes known in nature, due to the fact that the uncatalyzed hydration of CO2 is a very slow process and the physiological demands for its conversion to ionic, soluble species is very high. Inhibition of the CAs has pharmacological applications in many fields, such as antiglaucoma, anticonvulsant, antiobesity, and anticancer agents/diagnostic tools, but is also emerging for designing anti-infectives, i.e., antifungal, antibacterial, and antiprotozoan agents with a novel mechanism of action. Mitochondrial CAs are implicated in de novo lipogenesis, and thus selective inhibitors of such enzymes may be useful for the development of new antiobesity drugs. As tumor metabolism is diverse compared to that of normal cells, ultimately, relevant contributions on the role of the tumor-associated isoforms CA IX and XII in these phenomena have been published and the two isoforms have been validated as novel antitumor/antimetastatic drug targets, with antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors in various stages of clinical development. CAs also play a crucial role in other metabolic processes connected with urea biosynthesis, gluconeogenesis, and so on, since many carboxylation reactions catalyzed by acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase or pyruvate carboxylase use bicarbonate, not CO2, as a substrate. In organisms other than mammals, e.g., plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, CAs are involved in photosynthesis, whereas in many parasites (fungi, protozoa), they are involved in the de novo synthesis of important metabolites (lipids, nucleic acids, etc.). The metabolic effects related to interference with CA activity, however, have been scarcely investigated. The present Special Issue of Metabolites aims to fill this gap by presenting the latest developments in the field of CAs and their role in metabolism.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; antibiotic ; inhibitors ; glaucoma ; metabolic role ; inhibitor ; engineered bacteria ; carbonic anhydrase inhibitors ; drug discovery ; enzyme inhibition ; V-ATPases ; photosynthesis ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; metalloenzymes ; CO2 capture ; bicarbonate ; benzamide ; hypoxia ; antibody ; model alga ; cancer therapeutics ; CA gene family ; resistance ; isoforms IX and XII ; cancer metabolism ; MMP14 ; carbonic anhydrase IX ; carboxylation ; bacterial enzymes ; antitumor agent ; metabolism ; activator ; bacterial carbonic anhydrases ; amine ; amino acid ; pH regulation ; proton pump inhibitors ; pathogens ; sulfonamide ; metastasis ; hypoxic tumor ; carbonic anhydrase ; pH ; carbonic anhydrases ; protozoan ; integrin ; Entamoeba histolytica ; tumors ; human isoform ; acidity ; invasion ; radiation ; tumor ; carbonic anhydrase XII ; transporter ; migration ; cancer ; tumor microenvironment ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 144
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The intention of the Special Issue ""Biological and Biogenic Crystallization"" was to create an international platform aimed at covering a broad field of results involving the crystallization of biological molecules, including virus and protein crystallization, biogenic crystallization including physiological and pathological crystallization taking place in living organisms (human beings, animals, plants, bacteria, etc.), and bio-inspired crystallization. Despite many years of research on biological and biogenic crystals, there are still open questions as well as hot and timely topics. This Special Issue contains seven articles that present a cross-section of the current research activities in the of field of biological and biogenic crystals. The authors of the presented articles prove the vibrant and topical nature of this field. We hope that this Special Issue will serve as a source of inspiration for future investigations, and will be useful for scientists and researchers who work on the exploration of biological and biogenic crystals.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; pericentrin ; biomineralization ; pericentriolar material (PCM) ; physical and biochemical aspects of protein crystal nucleation ; size control ; calcite ; centrosome ; hemoglobin ; X-ray crystallography ; spectrophotometry ; nucleation ; protein crystallization ; seawater ; classical and two-step nucleation mechanisms ; macroseeding ; CaCO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 ; electron microscopy ; biodesalination ; neutron crystallography ; spherulite ; wastewater ; chaotropes ; X-ray fluorescence holography ; dipole field ; limpet shells ; coiled-coil ; shape control ; kosmotropes ; heavy metals removal ; hydration ; crystallization ; ?-〈span style= ; S-shaped nucleation kinetics ; small molecules ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 145
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This collection of review articles authored by international experts pulls together current information about the role of mitochondria in aging and diseases of aging. Mitochondria are vitally important cellular organelles and undergo their own aging process becoming less efficient in aged animals including humans. These changes have wide-ranging significance contributing to immune dysfunction (autoimmunity and immune deficiency), inflammation, delayed healing, skin and retinal damage, cancer and most of the degenerative diseases of aging. Mitochondrial aging predisposes to drug toxicity in the geriatric population and to many of the features of normal aging. The research detailed in this book summarizes current understanding of the role of mitochondria in the complex molecular changes of aging, moving on to specific diseases of aging. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important target for development of treatments for aging and disease. The last article details how exercise is a treatment and combats many features of the aging process.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; age-related diseases ; n/a ; sphingolipids ; glaucoma ; ALS ; neurodegeneration ; mitochondrial dysfunction ; adaptive immunity ; senescence ; de-emergence ; innate immunity ; cell danger response ; mitochondrial transfer ; axonal transport ; cytokines ; mitochondrial ; age-related macular degeneration ; prevention ; heart failure ; purinergic signaling ; autophagy ; Alzheimer’s disease ; diabetic retinopathy ; proteostasis ; 1 ; immunosenescence ; Miro1 ; ROS ; metabolism ; optic nerve ; polypharmacy ; eIF2? ; Parkin ; coenzyme Q10 ; neurodegenerative disease ; DNA damage ; skin ; exercise ; nucleotide metabolism ; pasteur effect ; stress response ; inflammation ; retina ; drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity ; neuroinflammation ; exosomes ; reactive oxygen species ; 25(OH)D ; cardiomyopathy ; crabtree effect ; insulin resistance ; cardiovascular disease ; ageing ; genetic mutations ; metabokines ; mitochondria ; multiple sclerosis ; aerobic ; healing cycle ; SOD1 ; mitophagy ; PINK1 ; type 2 diabetes ; integrated cell stress response ; morbidity and mortality ; ultraviolet ; photoageing ; cancer ; aging ; 25(OH)2D ; lysosome ; NAD+ ; Parkinson’s disease ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 146
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The article collection of this Special Issue reprint covers a wide range of neurorehabilitation modalities, although they only represent a small proportion of the whole scene. We trust that they will assist clinicians in performing evidence-based interventions and illuminate the necessity of multidisciplinary collaboration. Furthermore, they share an important motivational drive, that is, the inspiration to move forward to a new era where medical, basic research, engineering, and high-tech advances can develop more efficacious approaches, combining neuromodulation techniques under sophisticated neuroimaging guidance. These can be widely and remotely applied to all people that need them, organized under a fresh “patient-centric” approach, with home-based and tele-rehabilitation protocols replacing long stays in medical centers.
    Keywords: Covid-19 ; telerehabilitation ; post-stroke rehabilitation ; virtual reality ; stroke ; percutaneous electric nerve stimulation ; transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation ; adult ; urinary bladder ; overactive ; urinary incontinence ; tibial nerve ; multiple sclerosis ; employment ; patient-reported outcome ; MSWDQ-23 ; validation ; rTMS ; dementia ; Alzheimer’s disease ; magnetic stimulation ; non-pharmacological treatments ; refractory temporal seizures ; neurosurgery ; cognitive outcome ; memory ; long-term follow-up ; backward walking ; balance ; cerebral palsy ; mental motor imagery ; neurorehabilitation ; cost–utility ; upper extremity ; EQ-5D ; cognitive exercise therapy ; sensorimotor ; activity of daily living ; Parkinson’s disease ; salivation ; clinical features ; non-motor ; motor ; sialorrhea ; drooling ; oxidative stress ; antioxidant defense ; Oxidative Status Index (OSI) ; hydroperoxides ; rehabilitation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 147
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Inland wetlands are among the ecosystems disappearing with the highest rate, although they can offer numerous benefits to humans and their welfare. We have learned that wetlands are not just the treasures of biodiversity and a refuge for many threatened or vulnerable species but are also one of the best tools to mitigate the consequences of climate changes. The significance of this should not be understated if we want to increase the resilience of our cities, communities and civilization to extreme weather events. This Special Issue contains 17 papers presenting a variety of wetland types, species and communities thriving within, discussing their structure, functioning and suitable management practices to preserve them.
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Communities ; Species diversity ; Plants ; Diatoms ; Macroinvertebrates ; Alien Invasive Species ; &nbsp ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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  • 148
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Aptamers are in vitro selected oligonucleotides capable of specific, high-affinity binding to a wide variety of target molecules. These features enable their application in diagnostics, therapeutics, targeted delivery, fluorescence imaging, and biosensing. Aptamers are isolated via the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), an iterative cycle of selection and amplification steps that enriches a randomly synthesised oligonucleotide library to a pool of specific, high-affinity aptamers. Since the inception of aptamers in 1990, the methods by which aptamers are selected have been improved, yielding a robust system capable of producing aptamers rapidly and at low cost. Recently, there has been an explosion in the field of aptamers including innovations in enhanced selection strategies, bioinformatics approaches, riboswitches, unnatural base pairs, nucleic acid nanostructures, and DNAzymes. This book combines excellent reviews with primary research articles to provide multidisciplinary perspectives on the frontiers of aptamer science in 2018.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; riboswitch ; DNAzyme ; aptamer ; SELEX ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 149
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Fungi-induced stains on paper are one of the most challenging forms of biodeterioration to study and to prevent; this is because they involve living organisms, and the ways in which fungi respond to changes in the environment and modifications of paper are unpredictable. Yet, there is a great desire among those who encounter fungi on documents, manuscripts, or artwork to remove fungi and clean the paper. This experience in most cases is particularly challenging. What are the reasons behind this challenge? This ground-breaking book attempts to answer this question, among others, by exploring the complex interfacial forces between paper, fungi, and their pigmented secretions which result in bio-stains on paper. Black fungi, collectively referred to as Dematiaceous fungi, were used in this study as a subset of pigment-producing fungi species. The focus is on two, under-studied aspects of the fungi infestation of paper, an interface of fungal pigments and paper, and the impact of light on the production of fungi bio-stains. The results of analytical testing included in this book elucidate the synergistic interactions between the environment, biological clocks of the microorganisms, and secretion of fungal pigments to paper. The black fungal pigment formation is explored in-depth in two scenarios: one that is ‘natural’, when the bio-stains of original artworks have occurred over time by chance, and another, induced by Aspergillus niger, in bio-simulation on known papers in a controlled environment. The findings are intended to provide guidance for preservation strategies, mitigating the biodeterioration of paper, and designing conservation treatment when applicable. The surface of artworks and artifacts is of great aesthetic and artistic importance; conversely, it plays a significant role in governing fungal attachments. In this book, the paper surface is characterized in detail and in correlation with chemical and physical alterations caused by fungal pigmentation. A broad range of analytical instruments was used for surface characterization, such as surface metrology profilometers, a confocal laser scanning microscope, and environmental scanning electron microscope; chemical microanalysis was carried out using X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. The novel, three-dimensional characterization of pigmented fungal inclusions and their interaction with paper matrix was studied with micro-X-ray-computed micro-tomography on the synchrotron ESRF. The proposed book is the first to explore the complexity of fungal–paper interactions with the intention to assist professionals working with cultural materials, especially paper-based materials, to make informed decisions when dealing with the fungi infestation of paper.
    Keywords: Dematiaceous fungi ; fungal pigments ; X-ray-CT microtomography ; fungi-paper interfaces ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 150
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The agri-food supply chain (AFSC) is undoubtedly a chain that must be transformed to adjust to the needs and requirements of the new era, following the COVID-19 pandemic. New challenges and prospects and the sustainability of the AFSC are already emerging, with the scientific community obliged to come up with answers and solutions to global food consumption issues. Scientific research concerning different aspects of the AFSC with selected topics, including technologies, new foods, consumers’ perceptions, socioeconomic and environmental issues of conservation and sustainability, eco-innovation solutions, and green transformative pathways in the agri-food sector are included in this Special Issue. Emphasis is placed on the end users—the consumers—who need healthy, sustainable, value-added, economic food produced within the new global environmental, political, and social conditions which are currently, and for a long time have been, under a major transformation. The papers included in this Special Issue give practical, innovative, and sustainable solutions to existing drawbacks of the supply chain, thus providing useful knowledge to readers or researchers interested in these specific subject matters. This is the second Special Issue of a series of Special Issues that we initiated a year ago as a follow-up to the changes and progress of the AFSC, and we will continue this, with more Special Issues on the way, highlighting more and more scientific achievements in selected subject areas of the chain to our respected global readers.
    Keywords: grape skin ; wine making by-products ; phenolics ; antiradical activity ; antioxidant activity ; antiplatelet activity ; Greek oregano ; essential oils ; geographical differentiation ; chemometrics ; rice farming ; contract farming ; modern distributors ; multinomial treatment effects ; conditional quantile regression ; unconditional quantile regression ; knowledge ; edible insects ; factor analysis ; cluster analysis ; sustainable food ; nutritional value ; food consumption ; food choice motives (FCM) ; convenience ; health ; sensory appeal ; nutritional quality ; ethical concern ; weight control ; mood and stress ; familiarity ; price ; sustainable ; vegetable oil ; heterogeneous catalysis ; questionnaire survey ; post-COVID-19 era ; Greek semi-hard and hard cheese ; Ladotyri cheese of Mytilene ; consumer’s purchase and consumption of cheese ; quality cheese ; food choice motives ; food ; gastric mucosa repair ; sericin ; lactoferrin ; inulin ; sodium bicarbonate ; global economy II ; food safety ; food hazards ; plants ; RASFF ; distance learning ; mobile learning ; professional learning ; beekeeping ; survey ; farmers ; plant-based alternatives ; cultured meat ; animal-free dairy ; consumer attitudes ; insects ; animal feed ; insect meal ; sustainability ; consumer acceptance ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
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  • 151
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The chemical industry is essential in the daily humn life of modern society; despite the misconception about the real need for chemical production, everyone enjoys the benefit of the chemical progress. However, the chemical industry generates a large variety of products, including (i) basic chemicals, e.g., polymers, petrochemicals, and basic inorganics; (ii) specialty chemicals for crop protection, paints, inks, colorants, textiles, paper, and engineering; and (iii) consumer chemicals, including detergents, soaps, etc. For these reasons, chemists in both acdemia and industry are challenged with developing green and sustainable chemical production towrad the full-recycling of feedstocks and waste. Aiming to improve the intensification of the process, chemists have established chemical reactions based on catalysis, as well as alternative technologies, such as continuous flow. The aim of this book is to cover promising recent research and novel trends in the field of novel catalytic reactions (homogeneous, heterogeneous, and enzymatic, as well as their combinations) in continuous flow conditions. A collection of recent contribution for conversion of starting material originated from petroleum resources or biomass into highly-added value chemicals are reported.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; dynamic mesh ; catalytic hydrodechlorination ; Pd catalyst ; fuel reactor ; catalysis ; alcohols ; Rhynchophorus ferrugineus ; ketones ; numerical prediction ; heterogeneous catalyst ; 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) ; CO2 capture ; chemical looping combustion ; SBA-15 ; biodiesel ; ?-valerolactone ; (bio) catalysis ; economizer ; erosion rate ; magnesium ; circulating fluidized bed ; continuous reactor ; erosion evolution ; kinetics ; Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction ; flow microreactor ; CFD ; micro reactor ; Oppenauer oxidation ; chlorophenols ; succinate ; aldehydes ; multiphase catalysis ; methyl levulinate ; pheromone ; zirconium ; flow chemistry ; continuous flow ; biomass ; glucose ; oxidation ; dialkyl succinates ; tube-in-tube ; aerobic ; chemo-enzymatic catalysis ; homogeneous catalysis ; lipase Cal B ; expiry period ; titanium dioxide ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 152
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Comfort during resting, half-closed eyes when feeding on highly palatable feed, or vigorous tail wagging when being brushed are some of the positive indicators that can be used to evaluate the quality of the environment in which domestic animals live. This has been a radical shift from the past as, until now, the welfare assessment on farms has meant assessing negative indicators, namely the number of lame animals, presence of lesions, or frequency of agonistic behaviours. However, the latest research confirms that the absence of a problem or of suffering does not necessarily imply that the animals are experiencing a good life and that their level of welfare is high. To guarantee high welfare standards, animals should experience positive conditions that allow them to live a “life worth living”, and positive indicators are needed to identify these conditions. This Special Issue focuses on the development and validation of indicators of positive welfare or on the refinement of the existing ones, as well as on the identification of suitable living conditions for providing positive welfare to farmed and companion animals.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; SF1-1100 ; Q1-390 ; positive indicators ; animal welfare ; term list ; recognition ; welfare ; Felis catus ; enrichment ; pigs ; free-farrowing ; contact ; circadian rhythm ; dairy cows ; sow ; qualitative research ; positive emotions ; ear posture ; emotions ; welfare assessment protocol ; valence ; cattle ; phonetics ; maternal care ; buffaloes ; mother–offspring ; positive animal welfare indicators ; quality of life ; qualitative behaviour assessment (QBA) ; farm size ; arousal ; free elicitation narrative interviewing ; emotional state ; housing ; ruminants ; farmer knowledge ; happiness ; nosing ; five domains ; piglet ; sheep ; organic ; cat behavior ; observer reliability ; eye white ; goats ; immunoglobulin A ; critical review ; positive animal welfare ; calves ; saliva ; farmer attitudes ; behaviour ; positive welfare ; positive affective engagement ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 153
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The production of food enriched with bioactive compounds, through natural means, represents a concept desired by nutritionists, doctors and consumers. Animal products with high nutritional quality can be designed using innovative feeding strategies. Animals are known to be able to ‘‘bio-convert’’ health-promoting components from their diet into their eggs, milk or meat. The nutritional quality of animal products depends on genetic, physiological and environmental conditions, but also upon their diets. Lately, various feed additives have been shown to increase the nutritional quality of animal-origin food, which in turn promotes a healthy human diet. Some of them have proven effects on productive parameters or on the sensory attributes of animal products, or modify the nutrient composition of products. Nutritional evaluations of animal products and feeds are necessary for establishing the bioconversion yield of nutrients, from feeds to animal-origin food. This Special Issue focuses on, but is not limited to, the development of new feeding formulas thst lead to improved animal production or the enhanced nutritional profiles of conventional or ecological animal products. Studies presenting feed additives that have beneficial effects on the production and quality of animal products, as well as natural feeding solutions that are environmentally friendly, were also welcomed. The proposed Special Issue is addressed to specialists from the domains of animal nutrition, food quality, chemistry and biology.
    Keywords: L. acidophilus ; L. plantarum ; microencapsulated probiotics ; weaning piglets ; performance ; microflora ; piglets’ health ; parsnip fermented juice ; hawthorn extract ; natural nitrite ; natural antioxidant ; lipids stability ; spoilage bacteria ; heme pigment conversion degree ; bioactive compounds ; carcass ; chromium supplementation ; ionophore ; nutrition ; yeast-based blend ; male layer-type chickens ; age ; meat quality ; fatty acids ; ruminants ; tannins ; saponins ; feed additives ; dairy cows ; Clostridium ; Bacillus ; probiotics ; resistance ; blood chemistry ; antioxidants ; detoxification ; health benefits ; Bos indicus ; NutraGen ; stress ; supplementation ; weaned calves ; artificial pigment alternative ; broiler nutrition ; carotenoids ; health ; pigment additives ; vegetal waste ; zearalenone ; piglets ; weaning ; inflammation ; oxidative stress ; signaling pathway ; olive ; atherogenic ; milk ; sheep ; lipids ; small ruminants ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFU Animals and society
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  • 154
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Horticultural crop yield and quality depend on genotype, environmental conditions, and production management. In particular, adverse environmental conditions may greatly affect crop performance, reducing crop yield by 50%–70%. Abiotic stresses such as cold, heat, drought, flooding, salinity, nutrient deficiency, and ultraviolet radiation affect multiple physiological and biochemical mechanisms in plants as they attempt to cope with the stress conditions. However, different crop species can have different sensitivities or tolerances to specific abiotic stresses. Tolerant plants may activate different strategies to adapt to or avoid the negative effect of abiotic stresses. At the physiological level, photosynthetic activity and light-use efficiency of plants may be modulated to enhance tolerance against the stress. At the biochemical level, several antioxidant systems may be activated, and many enzymes may produce stress-related metabolites to help avoid cellular damage, including compounds such as proline, glycine betaine, and amino acids. Within each crop species there is a wide variability of tolerance to abiotic stresses, and some wild relatives may carry useful traits for enhancing the tolerance to abiotic stresses in their progeny through either traditional or biotechnological breeding. The research papers and reviews presented in this book provide an update of the scientific knowledge of crop interactions with abiotic stresses.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; S1-972 ; heat ; polyphenols ; stomatal conductance ; shelf-life ; transpiration productivity ; transcription ; ornamental plants ; cold ; green areas ; flowering ; agronomic tools ; gas exchange ; ornamental ; prolonged storage ; transpiration ; greenhouse production ; dormancy ; temperature ; irradiance ; chilling requirements ; qPCR ; phenolics ; lodging ; hypoxia ; salinity ; relative humidity ; signal transduction ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; leaf water saturation deficit ; solar radiation ; plant choice ; partial root zone drying ; drought ; electro-conductivity ; growth ; flavonoids ; transpiration efficiency ; cloning ; oxidative stress ; breeding ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 155
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in the West, and vascular disease is the most common cardiovascular clinical problem. The disease results in serious morbidity and mortality, and carries economic cost implications. While conventional risk factors are well established, and their biomarkers regularly monitored, patients may continue to suffer subclinical active disease, even in the absence of risk factors, until they present with sudden cardiac death or stroke. Early disease detection using direct imaging has shown to be more accurate in identifying vulnerable patients and unstable plaques than conventional risk factors. This IJMS Special Issue deals with the current opinion concerning the state-of-the-art imaging technologies available for clinical applications, and their unique value over the sole use of conventional risk factor analysis, in identifying vulnerable patients, recommending aggressive treatments, prognosticating, and in assessing related nutritional and environmental issues. This Special Issue is the continuation of our 2015 Special Issue “Atherosclerosis and Vascular Imaging”
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; coronary calcification: a risk or benefit? ; coronary calcification for daily risk assessment ; nutritional influences on cardiovascular calcification ; PET/CT use in assessing lipid cores and their clinical relevance ; environmental influences on cardiovascular calcification ; IMT vs conventional risk factors in improving risk stratification ; vascular calcification challenges in intervention ; vascular imaging for direct treatment delivery ; intima media thickness (imt) accuracy in identifying high risk individuals ; carotid plaque characterization ; MRA for plaque characterization ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 156
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Plant responses to environmental factors are extraordinarily complex. They can be observed at various levels of plant organization, ranging from changes in the intensity of basic biochemical processes, such as respiration, photosynthesis, and transpiration, to morphological and anatomical changes in organs. However, these biochemical changes are preceded by the activation of an efficient signaling system which endures environmental fluctuations. This Special Issue showcases the latest reports on the impact of abiotic factors on plant responses. It contains 3 reviews and 9 original works and is preceded by an editorial summarizing the most important issues discussed in the publications.
    Keywords: abiotic stress ; GWAS ; Oryza sativa L. ; plant omics ; Triticum aestivum L. ; Sorghum bicolor L. ; transcription factors ; Zea mays L. ; Oryza sativa ; Hordeum vulgare ; hypoxia tolerance ; nitric oxide ; imbibition ; reactive oxygen species ; ATP/ADP ratio ; biotic stress ; cereal ; crosstalk ; drought ; heavy metal ; phytohormone ; salinity ; pathogen ; pest ; LBD ; drought stress ; ROS ; stomata ; maize ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; ABI4 ; MAPK ; ABA ; proteasome ; transcription factor ; transcriptional memory ; grazing ; T. mongolicum ; Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings ; photosynthesis ; chloroplast ; salt stress ; Prunus persica (L.) Batsch ; lauric acid ; physiological indicators ; transcriptome ; rice ; water management ; nitrogen metabolism genes ; primary metabolites ; mulberry ; waterlogging ; gene regulation ; bHLH transcription factors ; transcriptional regulation ; post-translational regulation ; ovules ; plant stress ; fertility ; seed formation ; reactive oxygen ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAL Forestry industry
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  • 157
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Due to the accumulation of oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere, endogenous antioxidants in aerobic organisms evolved. More than a simple attack (reactive species) or a defense (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants) duel, redox metabolism also comprises non-radical redox metabolites, redox-sensitive transcription factors, and redox-sensitive proteins that form a network of signaling pathways. These pathways are now known to mediate important processes in aerobic organisms, from circadian rhythms to ageing and lifespan regulation. Indeed, oxidative stress is considered to be important to living organisms. Unsurprisingly, environmental stresses might disrupt the redox balance, triggering compensatory adaptive responses. The modulation of redox metabolism has been documented for phylogenetically diverse species exposed to a myriad of environmental stressors, such as warming, freezing, dehydration, exposure to UV radiation, exposure to pollutants, and variations in oxygen availability. In natural settings, several of these environmental factors (e.g., temperature, water availability, oxygen availability, and radiation incidence) fluctuate over time (e.g., daily and seasonally). This Special Issue focuses on the responses of organisms’ redox metabolism when exposed to single or combined changes, biotic or abiotic, in environmental factors (e.g., oxygen availability, temperature, drought, radiation, and pollutants) and provides insights into the adaptive responses of antioxidant systems to environmental perturbations.
    Keywords: oxidative stress ecology ; reactive oxygen and nitrogen species ; hormesis ; redox biology ; environmental stress ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 158
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue on “Beverage Sensory Modification” presents a series of articles that feature the broad sense of sensory modification with regards to beverages, either by improving their flavor, taste, and mouthfeel properties, or through prevention of spoilage. The scope goes further than the usual technological measures that modulate sensory properties and includes psychological and cross-modal influences, where the sensory modification occurs in the subject’s brain rather than as a result of modified physical–chemical properties of objects.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; n/a ; isoboles ; synergy ; wine tasting ; wine perception ; water solution ; oxidative stability ; cross-modality ; taste ; vanilla flavor ; volatile phenols ; glass swirling ; wine aging ; spoilage ; CATA ; flavored milk ; cross-modal correspondence ; beverage ; time–intensity evaluation ; expectations ; temporal profile ; taste-aroma interactions ; sweetness enhancement ; opening sounds ; glass shape ; pivot profile ; shape ; Dekkera ; flavan-3-ols ; nonequilibrium conditions ; oxidation ; packaging ; clarification ; sweetener ; off-flavors ; Brettanomyces ; whey ; closure type ; coffee beverage ; oxygen sensor ; untrained panelist ; fermented beverage ; reduction ; sugar ; wine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 159
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: It has been more than 25 years since the identification of the FMR1 gene and the demonstration of the causative role of CGG-repeat expansion in the disease pathology of fragile X syndrome (FXS), but the underlying mechanisms involved in the expansion mutation and the resulting gene silencing still remain elusive. Our understanding of the pathways impacted by the loss of FMRP function has grown tremendously, and has opened new avenues for targeted treatments for FXS. However, the failure of recent clinical trials that were based on successful preclinical studies using the Fmr1 knockout mouse model has forced the scientific community to revisit clinical trial design and identify objective outcome measures. There has also been a renewed interest in restoring FMR1 gene expression as a possible treatment approach for FXS. This special issue of Brain Sciences highlights the progress that has been made towards understanding the disease mechanisms and how this has informed the development of treatment strategies that are being explored for FXS.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; lymphoblast ; pluripotent stem cells ; FMR1 ; Gene editing ; X chromosome ; Fmr1 ; epigenetic gene silencing ; FMR1 gene ; Fragile X syndrome 1 ; repeat instability ; characteristics that have the greatest impact ; DNA instability ; working memory ; language development ; mosaicism ; CRISPR 3 ; clinical trials ; autism spectrum disorders ; Fmr1 KO mouse ; automated vocal analysis ; base excision repair (BER) ; inhibitory control ; cerebral spinal fluid ; iPSC ; drug development ; targeted treatments ; molecular biomarkers ; viral vector ; avoidance ; biomarker ; set-shifting ; early identification ; expansion ; anxiety ; planning ; voice of the person ; mismatch repair (MMR) ; gene reactivation ; double-strand break repair (DSBR) ; newborn screening ; intellectual disability ; processing speed ; voice of the patient ; fragile X syndrome ; adeno-associated virus ; neurodevelopmental disorders ; histone methylation ; Non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) ; ASD ; Fxr2 ; Fragile X-associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome 2 ; Trinucleotide Repeat 4 ; CGG Repeat Expansion Disease ; DNA methylation ; contraction ; fragile X mental retardation protein ; RNA:DNA hybrid ; behavior ; developmental disorders ; cognition ; females ; FMRP ; Fragile X Syndrome ; unstable repeat diseases ; protein synthesis ; brain ; cognitive flexibility ; treatment development ; fibroblast ; PRC2 ; transcription coupled repair (TCR) ; best practices ; attention ; Fragile X ; executive function ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 160
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Plants, being sessile in nature, are constantly exposed to environmental challenges resulting in substantial yield loss. To cope with harsh environments, plants have developed a wide range of adaptation strategies involving morpho-anatomical, physiological, and biochemical traits. In recent years, there has been phenomenal progress in the understanding of plant responses to environmental cues at the protein level. This progress has been fueled by the advancement in mass spectrometry techniques, complemented with genome-sequence data and modern bioinformatics analysis with improved sample preparation and fractionation strategies. As proteins ultimately regulate cellular functions, it is perhaps of greater importance to understand the changes that occur at the protein-abundance level, rather than the modulation of mRNA expression. This Special Issue on "Plant Proteomic Research" brings together a selection of insightful papers that address some of these issues related to applications of proteomic techniques in elucidating master regulator proteins and the pathways associated with plant development and stress responses. This Issue includes four reviews and 13 original articles primarily on environmental proteomic studies.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QK1-989 ; Plant proteomics ; Applications of plant proteomics ; Techniques and protocols of plant proteomics ; Proteomic responses to abiotic stress ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 161
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Topics have a clear focus on overall dietary patterns and health outcomes. Potential topics may include, but are not limited to: * Dietary patterns and chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes, asthma, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health problems. * Dietary patterns and mortality * Dietary patterns and pregnancy outcomes * Association between dietary patterns and cognition * The mechanisms linking dietary patterns and chronic diseases.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; chronic diseases ; dietary patterns ; cardiovascular diseases ; diabetes ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 162
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The articles collected focused on the construction of delivery systems aiming at enhancing the physicochemical stability, bioavailability, and bioactivity of active lipids and liposoluble ingredients, as well as flavor retention and slow release, and its potential application in the development of functional foods with different phase states and suitable for the physiopathological characteristics of different populations. A growing application of lipids and liposoluble ingredients are emerging in functional foods, such as beverages, meal replacement powders, and foods with special medical purpose. Liposoluble ingredients including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), phytosterols (esters), carotenoids, polyphenols, and liposoluble vitamins, play an important role in balancing the insufficient nutrient intake and occurrence of chronic diseases. However, a critical challenge for their efficient and rational application arises due to the properties of strong hydrophobicity, easy oxidation, unpleasant flavor, and adverse interaction with other components. The construction, perfection, and regulation of lipid delivery system are of great significance for overcoming the challenge.
    Keywords: Lipids ; liposoluble ingredients ; delivery system ; biochemical actions ; functional food ; nutritional aspects of food ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 163
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Milk is a nutritious food item with various beneficial properties and has a long tradition in nutrition, having been part of human diet for thousands of years. The composition of milk varies among different species, and milk quality is affected by several factors, i.e., season, climate, feeding management, and stage of lactation, as well as heat-treatments and technological processes. Milk is a valuable source of bioactive components and its role and function in human diet has been increasingly investigated by epidemiological and experimental studies. Consumption of milk is influenced by several variables, i.e., sex, age, ethnicity, and other cultural factors, and specific recommendations vary from country to country. This book includes original researches and review papers, and provides an overview of the nutritional composition and profile of the bioactive components of milk, its variation, and its impact on human diet.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; nutrition ; milk ; bioactive components ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 164
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In recent years, great attention has been paid to polyphenols due to their positive effects on health. One of the most widely-studied phenolic compounds is resveratrol. This molecule, which is naturally present in some foods, shows beneficial effects on various physiological and biochemical processes, thus representing a potential tool for the prevention or the treatment of diseases highly prevalent in our society. Several of these beneficial effects have been observed in human beings, but others only in pre-clinical studies so far, and therefore, it is mandatory to continue with the scientific research in this field. Indeed, new knowledge concerning these issues could enable the development of novel functional foods or nutraceuticals, incorporating resveratrol, suitable for preventing or treating diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, dislipemia, insulin resistance and diabetes, liver diseases, etc.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; polyphenols ; ?-viniferin ; leptin resistance ; p53 ; kidney ; energy restriction ; grape powder extract ; cytokines ; phosphorylation ; obesity ; energy metabolism ; metabolic pathways ; endothelial function ; polyol pathway ; antioxidant ; caloric restriction ; rat ; adipose tissue ; microparticles ; pathways ; angiotensin converting enzyme 2 ; resistance ; esRAGE ; interleukins ; metabolic syndrome ; dissolution rate ; thermogenesis ; streptozotocin ; bioavailability ; solubility ; metabolism ; renin-angiotensin system ; microbiota ; Sirt-1 ; magnesium dihydroxide ; hypertrophy ; metabolic diseases ; physiological adaption ; red wine extract ; lens ; distribution ; MTA1 ; sirtuin ; inflammation ; cardiac function ; rats ; cisplatin ; resveratrol ; mitochondria ; breast cancer ; ischemia-reperfusion ; cardiovascular ; metabolites ; gut microbiota ; prostate cancer ; performance ; type 2 diabetes ; cafeteria diet ; high-fat high-sucrose diet ; resistance exercise ; aging ; diabetes ; oxidative stress ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 165
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue on the Systematics and Phylogeny of Weevils presents 31 new research papers on one of the most diverse and successful groups of animals on Earth, the beetle superfamily Curculionoidea. It was in part inspired to commemorate the extraordinary life and scientific achievements of Guillermo (“Willy”) Kuschel (1918–2017), who shaped this field of science over the last century like no other weevil systematist. The papers in this memorial issue span weevil faunas from all over the globe, including South and Central America, Africa, Europe and the Near East, South-East Asia, New Guinea, Australia and New Zealand. They include major advances on the phylogeny and classification of the “broad-nosed” weevils (Entiminae), on the weevils associated with American cycads and on the unique extinct weevil fauna preserved in the 100-million-year-old Burmese amber, when weevils started to diversify alongside the oldest angiosperm plants. They comprise a tribute to Willy Kuschel, the proceedings of a weevil symposium held in his honor in 2016 in Orlando, Florida, 24 systematic studies (including seven phylogenetic analyses) and five other contributions on the diversity, biology, distribution, evolution and fossil history of weevils. In the papers collated in this volume, 30 new genera and 92 new species of weevils are described and a new family of extinct weevils is recognized.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; Oxycoryninae ; structural alignment ; SH test ; Titilayo barclayi ; tectal aedeagus ; Urodontinae ; identification ; Aciphylla ; Urodontidius ; spatio-temporal diffusion ; Titilayo ; biological control ; systematics ; Pharaxonothinae ; spermatheca ; Namibia ; new taxa ; mt-Cox1 ; Curculionidae ; Poor Knights Islands ; Acentrusini ; silk production ; Kuschelorhynchus ; Titilayo perrinae ; diversity ; riparian ; ribosomal markers ; stable populations ; forest disturbance ; key ; biogeography ; Broad-nosed weevils ; Tanysphyrini ; Molytinae ; biography ; Chatham Islands ; diagnostics ; weevils ; Israel ; Australia ; publications ; Guillermo Kuschel ; specialist weevils ; target host ; molecular phylogenetics ; cycad pollination ; phytophagy ; combined evidence ; New Guinea ; Araceae ; adults ; amber preparation ; broad-nosed weevils ; Brachycerinae ; Eucalyptus ; Sclerocardius ; ecology ; tribal relationships ; fogging ; Rhyncolini ; Curculionoidea ; phenology ; Rhyncolina ; evolution ; invasive species ; co-dispersal through space and time ; CT scanning ; faunal inventories ; Titilayo geiseri ; aquatic ; mitochondrial genomes ; host plant ; taxonomy ; flightlessness ; larva ; life history ; Titilayo turneri ; weevil larvae ; 1K Weevils Project ; Borneo ; morphology ; invasive ; Spartecerus ; pollination ; DNA barcoding ; longhorned beetle (Cerambycidae) ; classification ; Aethiopacorep africanus ; South Africa ; phylogeny ; weevil fauna ; KH test ; tropical forest canopies ; Mesophyletidae ; neotype ; distribution ; mitochondrial COI ; semi-aquatic ; COI ; Entiminae ; mature larva ; homonym ; Alien ; Naupactini ; Syzygium ; Neotropical region ; galling habit ; Mimaulus ; Afroryzophilus ; genitalia ; Cossoninae ; Titilayo garnerae ; Sclerocardiini ; Titilayo takanoi ; Anchonini ; AU test ; Coleoptera ; fossils ; larvae ; Pinus radiata ; comparative morphology ; obituary ; parasitic plants ; Curculioninae ; Cryptoplini ; microclimate ; hygrophilous ; palm weevils ; weevil ; Papuan region ; Dichotrachelini ; Belidae ; new species ; Afrotropical region ; Patagonia ; Cape Verde ; Erotylidae ; species competition ; Hoop Pine ; Araucariaceae ; mimicry ; constraint analysis ; exotic ; elytro-tergal stridulation ; Titilayo saotomense ; integrative taxonomy ; biodiversity ; angiosperm associations ; non-target host ; Cretaceous ; Klinki Pine ; Macadamia ; Pantomorus-Naupactus complex ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 166
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Virus bioinformatics is evolving and succeeding as an area of research in its own right, representing the interface of virology and computer science. Bioinformatic approaches to investigate viral infections and outbreaks have become central to virology research, and have been successfully used to detect, control, and treat infections of humans and animals. As part of the Third Annual Meeting of the European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), we have published this Special Issue on Virus Bioinformatics.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; BBB ; recombination ; software ; APMV ; AquaDiva ; horizontal gene transfer ; sequence interpretation ; structurally homogenous ; CVI988/Rispens ; DFT ; eukaryogenesis ; fluorescent reporter protein ; parallel reaction monitoring ; transcriptomics ; splicing ; Rickettsia ; minor capsid protein ; flavivirus ; DWT ; RNA viruses ; data compression ; DNA replication ; influenza A ; virus diagnostics ; quasispecies ; mRNA structure ; systems virology ; virus bioinformatics ; metagenomics ; drug resistance ; nasopharynx ; image quantification ; infection ; primary B cells ; non-coding RNA ; transcriptome ; RB1B ; virus ; interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) ; pandoravirus ; virus-host interaction ; secondary structure ; bivalve ; ICP0 ; assembly ; MSA ; variant calling ; translation machinery ; gram-positive bacteria ; virosphere ; viral mRNA ; NCLDV ; sncRNA ; structurally related ; cellular immunity ; Amebae viruses ; genome evolution ; groundwater ; capsid protein ; HPV58 ; RNA structure ; polyomavirus ; Mimivirus ; PAA ; honey bees ; Hepatitis C virus ; compressive genomics ; Yellow Fever Virus ; poxvirus ; ADAR ; virome ; endogenous viral elements ; giant virus ; structure database ; RNA-seq ; deep sequencing ; viral evolution ; bovine soft palate ; deformed wing virus ; virus-to-host gene transfer ; ASFV ; virus proteomics ; RNAi ; polycistronic viral transcripts ; complex networks analysis ; mimivirus ; TLR agonist ; time series ; mRNA families ; foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) ; comparative genomics ; virus dynamics modeling ; viral metagenome ; subVOG ; bioinformatics ; viral taxonomy ; sequencing library preparation ; virus classification ; alignment ; targeted proteomics ; prophylaxis ; bacteriophage ; dsdna viruses ; taxonomic classification ; Marek’s disease virus (MDV) ; Coxsackievirus B4 ; hepatitis C virus ; mass spectrometry ; data transformation ; Base-By-Base ; data analysis ; peptide selection ; proteomics ; mitochondria ; Drosophila ; ori ; HMM ; codon frequency distribution ; RNAseq ; protein domains ; innate immune system ; tobacco mosaic virus ; apiary pests ; virology ; virus genomics ; chemical organization theory ; aquifer ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 167
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Neuroscience, as a field, has only recently expanded to consider how the nervous system might be influenced by interaction with other bodily systems. The psychology curriculum never, for instance, included courses on nutrition. Although we learn about the body as if it is segregated into systems (cardiovascular, immune, digestive, etc.), these systems are not truly separate. If the aphorism, you are what you eat, is literally true: then you—your personality, thoughts, feelings, etc.—are, at least partly, a product of your diet. Such recognitions have spawned the new subdiscipline, nutritional neuroscience: the study of the role of diet on neurochemistry, neurobiology, cognition and behavior. This collection explores this exciting new area.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; TX341-641 ; MSG ; fMRI ; ADHD ; gut microbiome ; carotenoids ; sialic acid ; irritable bowel syndrome ; hyperalgesia ; lutein ; central nervous system ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 168
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Light is the main source of energy for the primary process that sustains life on our planet, known as photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the strategy adopted by many living organisms for capturing and incorporating energy, and it is under this context that light is primarily experienced, explored, and exploited. Plants perceive information from the ambient environment and communicate with other organisms using light. They have developed a plethora of photoreceptors that permit this communication with the surrounding environment. Additionally, the physical properties of light, such as the spectral quality, irradiance, intensity, and photoperiod, play an integral role in the morphogenesis, growth, and metabolism of many biochemical pathways in plants.To facilitate photosynthesis in controlled environments, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have been shown to offer interesting prospects for use in plant lighting designs in controlled-environment agriculture (greenhouses) and growth chambers for in vitro cultures. In high-technology greenhouses (for instance, vertical agriculture), artificial light may assume both assimilative (optimizing photosynthetic efficiency) and control functionality (guiding growth and development or the synthesis and accumulation of plant metabolites). In vitro cultures are regulated by different factors, and among them, light is the most important.
    Keywords: Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don ; alkaloid content ; callus ; in vitro culture ; LED lights ; light intensity ; saponarin ; isoorientin ; hexacosanol ; octacosanol ; fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase (FAR) ; blue LED ; flower bud formation ; number of flowers ; photoperiod ; photomorphogenesis ; blue photon flux density ; functional structural plant modelling ; indoor farming ; LED lighting ; artificial lighting ; energy use efficiency ; protected horticulture ; light exposure ; far-red illumination ; medicinal plants ; water use efficiency ; growth analysis ; canopy size ; incident light ; light interception ; light use efficiency ; mizuna ; projected canopy size ; quantum yield of photosystem II ; blue light ; Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber) ; green light ; light-emitting diode (LED) ; morphology ; photosynthesis ; red light ; intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) ; photostationary state of phytochrome (PSS) ; photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) ; yield photon flux (YPF) ; medicinal plant ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; flavones ; metabolites ; light-emitting diode ; daily light integral ; volatile organic compounds ; energy consumption ; plant morphology ; biomass efficacy ; sodium lamps ; plants cultivation ; silicon fertilizer ; red-leaved lettuce ; green-leaved lettuce ; CoeLux® ; LEDs ; light spectrum ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; growth and development ; confined environment ; low light ; mint ; monoterpenes ; solid phase microextraction (SPME) ; hydroponics ; LED supplement ; LED light ; fluorescent light ; UV light ; elicitation ; plant secondary metabolites ; plant in vitro cultures ; LED ; ascorbic acid ; chlorophylls ; carotenoids ; light quality ; tomato ; greenhouse ; light spectra ; root stock ; photosensors ; host-pathogen interaction ; resistance genes ; gene regulation ; bacterial growth ; Erwinia amylovora ; circadian rhythms ; optogenetics ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; optimal control ; supplemental lighting in greenhouses ; image processing ; light-emitting diodes (LEDs) ; intra-canopy illumination ; interlighting ; bell pepper ; fruit set ; daily light integral (DLI) ; Lactuca sativa ; plant factory ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; carbon isotope discrimination ; light fluence rate ; growth regulators ; alfalfa ; growth ; adaption ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
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  • 169
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint contains the original articles and reviews compiled in the Special Issue "The Role of PPARs in Disease II" published in Cells. Nicole Wagner and Kay-Dietrich Wagner from the University Côte d'Azur served as the Guest Editors of this Special Issue and compiled the reprint.
    Keywords: PPAR ; immune function ; liver ; adipose tissue ; cardiovascular system ; muscle ; neurological and psychiatric disease ; cancer ; transcriptional regulation ; ligands ; agonists/antagonists ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 170
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In recent years, diet- and lifestyle-related disorders have become a major health threat in Europe and worldwide. The contributions in this monograph include 2 review articles and 19 original contributions from several countries that provide new information on the existing research elucidating important aspects of children’s and adolescents’ nutrition and lifestyle behavior. The data included in this Special Issue are from large epidemiological studies, including several multicenter and multinational studies, as well as datasets from surveillance initiatives. The topics of interest of this Special Issue include the co-occurrence of multiple health behaviors in children, the role of parenting and early feeding practices, dairy consumption in childhood, validity of dietary intake data, dietary supplement use in children, as well as socioeconomic disparities and eating culture. The diverse articles in this Special Issue highlight the complexity and extent to which nutrition and physical activity behaviors may influence different health aspects of children and adolescents. As seen by the various findings and recommendations, not only is more work in this area required but the translation of this work to practice and policy is imperative if we are to address the challenges impacting the nutrition, physical activity, and health of young populations.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; parent ; DAGIS Study ; noncommunicable diseases ; PANDiet index ; preschool children ; dietary assessment methods ; consumption behavior ; mothers ; children ; cholesterol ; prevention ; validation ; knowledge ; blood pressure ; determinants ; adolescents ; waist circumference ; home food environment ; eating behavior and Ile251Leu ; Emotion-Induced Eating Scale ; CEBQ ; vitamin ; early childhood ; family meals ; preschool ; breakfast ; whole diet ; migration status ; healthy diet adherence ; Healthy Eating Index ; exercise ; food and beverage consumption ; children’s-dietary inflammatory index ; food diary ; primary school ; consumption behaviors ; inflammation ; weight status ; dietary supplements ; I.Family ; dietary quality ; cluster analysis ; BMI ; reduced rank regression ; preferences ; KiGGS ; IDEFICS study ; food frequency questionnaire ; health ; Melanesian ; cardiovascular ; psychometric ; Pacific ; collaboration ; sugar-sweetened beverage ; health behaviour ; breastfeeding ; choice ; self-weight perception ; dairy ; dietary screener ; Physical activity ; growing up milk ; pediatric ; body composition ; mineral ; obesity prevention ; eating behaviour ; psychological eating style ; obesity ; food choice ; direct observation ; socioeconomic disparities ; validation study ; dietary behavior ; nutrient intake quality ; food parenting practices ; nutrition ; preschoolers ; epidemiological transition ; EsKiMo ; young populations ; intervention ; dietary habits ; child ; sweet preference ; epidemiology ; dietary intake ; nutrition risk ; formula milk ; diet ; surveillance ; energy balance-related behaviors ; sedentary behavior ; overweight ; public health ; taste preference ; calcium ; negative emotions ; vegetable intake ; MyHeARTs ; physical activity ; nutritional adequacy ; dietary pattern ; cross-classification ; diet quality ; screen time ; childhood obesity ; principal component analysis ; food intake ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 171
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue aimed to explore the cutting-edge advancements in vision science, optometry, and ocular surface research. In an era marked by rapid technological progress, there is an imperative to understand how innovations in diagnostic tools, treatment protocols, and computational models are reshaping our understanding of ocular health and vision care. We invited contributions that delved into novel methodologies, uncovered new aspects of ocular physiology, or offered fresh perspectives on the management of eye conditions.
    Keywords: ocular discomfort ; CLDEQ-8 ; dry eye ; refractive errors ; pre-lens tear film ; lipid pattern ; non-invasive break-up time ; contact lens ; accommodation response ; university population ; near-vision activities ; accommodation disorders ; Sjögren’s syndrome ; evaporative dry eye ; water deficiency dry eye ; questionnaires ; Schirmer I test ; Schirmer II test ; invasive tear film rupture time ; tear meniscus height ; small aperture intracorneal inlay ; SAICI ; KAMRA inlay ; corneal inlay pinhole ; intraoperative complications ; postoperative complications ; refractive surgery ; presbyopia ; axial length ; ocular biometry ; early diagnosis ; myopia progression ; Scheimpflug technology ; micro-monovision ; SMILE ; efficacy ; binocular summation ; pre-lens tear film dynamics and stability ; breakup patterns ; soft contact lens ; wettability ; tear film lipid layer spread ; dry eye disease ; diagnostic device ; ocular surface ; amblyopia ; fixation stability ; retinal microvasculature ; macular thickness ; macular volume ; stereoacuity ; strabismus ; anisometropia ; n/a ; personalized spectacle ; visual quality ; progressive addition lens ; eye tracker ; eye movements ; aberrometry ; optical coherence tomography ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 172
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The development of new plant varieties is a long and tedious process involving the generation of large seedling populations for the selection of the best individuals. While the ability of breeders to generate large populations is almost unlimited, the selection of these seedlings is the main factor limiting the generation of new cultivars. Molecular studies for the development of marker-assisted selection (MAS) strategies are particularly useful when the evaluation of the character is expensive, time-consuming, or with long juvenile periods. The papers published in the Special Issue “Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding” report highly novel results and testable new models for the integrative analysis of genetic (phenotyping and transmission of agronomic characters), physiology (flowering, ripening, organ development), genomic (DNA regions responsible for the different agronomic characters), transcriptomic (gene expression analysis of the characters), proteomic (proteins and enzymes involved in the expression of the characters), metabolomic (secondary metabolites), and epigenetic (DNA methylation and histone modifications) approaches for the development of new MAS strategies. These molecular approaches together with an increasingly accurate phenotyping will facilitate the breeding of new climate-resilient varieties resistant to abiotic and biotic stress, with suitable productivity and quality, to extend the adaptation and viability of the current varieties.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; GA2ox7 ; cabbage ; OsGPAT3 ; oleic acid ; OsCDPK1 ; nutrient use efficiency ; stem borer ; yellow-green-leaf mutant ; branching ; epigenetics ; NPK fertilizers ; particle bombardment ; stress tolerance ; overexpression ; glycine ; heat-stress ; bulk segregant RNA-seq ; Prunus ; protein-protein interaction ; AdRAP2.3 ; plant architecture ; waterlogging stress ; genes ; Cucumis sativus L. ; Flower color ; resistance ; Tobacco ; gynomonoecy ; drought stress ; Brassica oleracea ; starch biosynthesis ; Overexpression ; WUS ; agronomic traits ; Ghd7 ; the modified MutMap method ; cry2A gene ; light-induced ; gene expression ; breeding ; Heterodera schachtii ; ABA ; Green tissue-specific expression ; subcellular localization ; squamosa promoter binding protein-like ; transcriptome ; FAD2 ; As3+ stress ; metallothionein ; flowering ; bisulfite sequencing ; tomato ; quantitative trait loci ; Promoter ; marker–trait association ; DEGs ; cytoplasmic male sterile ; Rosa rugosa ; MADS transcription factor ; yield ; P. suffruticosa ; CYC2 ; common wild rice ; Actinidia deliciosa ; gene-by-gene interaction ; Aechmea fasciata ; hybrid rice ; soybean ; R2R3-MYB ; bread wheat ; BRANCHED1 (BRC1) ; linoleic acid ; differentially expressed genes ; complex traits ; transgenic chrysanthemum ; D-genome ; Brassica ; candidate gene ; SmJMT ; gene expression pattern ; RNA-Seq ; candidate genes ; leaf shape ; Brassica napus ; recombination-suppressed region ; anthocyanin ; WRKY transcription factor ; Idesia polycarpa var ; single nucleotide polymorphism ; bud abortion ; QTL ; reproductive organ ; transient overexpression ; Elongated Internode (EI) ; sugarcane ; abiotic stress ; Oryza sativa L. ; RrGT2 gene ; Hd1 ; cZR3 ; cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) ; seed development ; tapetum ; near-isogenic line (NIL) ; phytohormones ; TCP transcription factor ; pollen accumulation ; Anthocyanin ; WRKY ; quantitative trait loci (QTLs) ; salt stress ; floral scent ; sucrose ; Ogura-CMS ; root traits ; endosperm development ; Zea mays L. ; sesame ; Bryum argenteum ; AP2/ERF genes ; transcriptional regulation ; WB1 ; haplotype block ; broccoli ; agronomic efficiency ; durum wheat ; gene pyramiding ; Oryza sativa ; genetics ; flowering time ; Cicer arietinum ; Hs1pro-1 ; endosperm appearance ; phenolic acids ; anther wall ; bromeliad ; genomics ; transgenic ; DgWRKY2 ; Clone ; yield trait ; flower symmetry ; partial factor productivity ; rice ; molecular breeding ; genotyping-by-sequencing ; Chimonanthus praecox ; nectary ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; pollen development ; regulation ; ZmES22 ; genome-wide association study ; VIGS ; iTRAQ ; genome-wide association study (GWAS) ; ethylene-responsive factor ; starch ; molecular markers ; rice quality ; Chrysanthemum morifolium ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Fast, non-destructive detection technology and equipment for food quality and safety is a powerful technical support tool to ensure the development of food industry informatization and intelligence, with the advantages of fast speed, convenient operation, and easy online inspection. During the past two decades, such technologies have found numerous successful applications for food and agricultural product detection and processing. Owing to improvements in the manufacturing of photoelectric sensor pieces and progress in artificial intelligence and software algorithms, fast non-destructive detection technologies are able to provide more accurate, reliable, and stable solutions for food quality and safety detection and processing. They are closely integrated with the Internet of Things and intelligent manufacturing, promoting a new wave of innovation in intelligent manufacturing in the food industry. The application of new sensing technology and equipment in the fast, non-destructive detection of food has always been at the forefront of scientific and technological research. This Special Issue aims to focus on the latest research progress of this application and jointly discuss the focus of development of this research direction.
    Keywords: maize ; moldy level ; catalase activity ; hyperspectral image ; data fusion ; feature selection ; fruit quality monitoring ; room-temperature ethylene sensor ; density functional theory ; adsorption energy ; band energy alignment ; apple ; NIR ; size correction ; extinction coefficient ; fruit diameter difference ; acceptability ; benchtop NMR ; mandarins ; NMR ; successive projective algorithm ; uninformative variable elimination ; support vector regression ; Korla fragrant pear ; stone cell content ; intelligent evaluation ; cultivation ; visible/near infrared spectrum ; fresh jujube ; model update ; variable fusion ; defective apples ; apple grading ; deep learning ; object detection ; semantic segmentation ; shrimp ; hot air drying ; quality change ; hyperspectral images ; low field magnetic resonance ; micro Raman ; microfluidic chip ; fungal spores ; crop disease ; numerical simulation ; degree of milling ; multi-scale information fusion ; residual network model ; Bayesian optimization algorithm ; hyperspectral imaging ; maize seeds ; defect detection ; convolutional neural network ; tomato ; leaf mildew ; terahertz time-domain spectroscopy ; near infrared hyperspectral technology ; multi-source information fusion ; YOLOv5 ; walnut kernels ; impurities detection ; small object detection ; liposomes ; high stability ; freshness ; bi-layer indicator ; light penetration depth ; spatial-frequency domain imaging ; depth-resolved ; bruise ; scattering ; near infrared spectroscopy ; vegetables ; anthocyanidins ; fast determination ; Curcumae Longae Rhizoma ; volatile oil ; 60Co ; GC–IMS ; SERS detection ; chromium contamination ; tea sample ; carbimazole hydrolysate ; Au@Ag nanoparticles ; PAEs ; Raman ; DFT ; HF ; theoretical study ; gas sensor ; spoilage monitoring ; early warning ; logistics control ; simulated annealing ; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy ; flexible substrate ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; in situ detection ; common carp ; texture ; machine learning ; visualization ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This edited book brings together research reports on the asymmetry of brain function in various species, including humans, dogs, birds, lizards and bees. As shown in a wide range of species, and, as we now know, not solely in humans, the left and right sides of the brain process information in different ways and control different responses or patterns of behaviour. Since this discovery, many new methods have become available to reveal the processes involved in the development, function and evolution of this important attribute of the brain. Chapters consider the evidence for asymmetry of sensory receptors, left–right differences in information processing and asymmetrical control of behaviour. The latter includes lateralization of bird song and use of the magnetic compass in navigation. Other chapters report studies on handedness, hemispheric asymmetries in emotional processing and perception of symmetry in humans. The importance of the degree, or strength, of asymmetry is discussed and the conclusion is that asymmetry of the brain enhances its efficiency. Other chapters provide evidence that early experience influences the development of asymmetry. All of the contributors have strong backgrounds in research and they discuss up-to-date discoveries on lateralized brain and behaviour.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; lateralization ; development ; Behavioural asymmetry ; handedness ; attention ; evolution ; brain asymmetry ; humans ; invertebrates ; vertebrates ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue, “Ecophysiology and Ecology of Grassland”, contains 11 research articles and 1 review that focus on recent advancements in integrated research on natural grasslands and artificial grasslands in response to human disturbances, abiotic stresses and climate change from a species to ecosystem level.
    Keywords: leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents ; N:P ratio ; biomass ; herb community ; driving factor ; Loess Plateau ; precipitation changes ; increased temperatures ; desert grassland ; plant diversity ; plant biomass ; soil bacteria diversity ; soil fungi diversity ; the Mongolia Plateau ; grassland degradation ; vegetation coverage ; surface bareness degree ; self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) ; water stress ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; biomass allocation ; water use efficiency ; drought resistance ; biogeographic patterns ; leaf stoichiometry ; climatic variables ; soil physicochemical properties ; Stellera chamaejasme L. ; functional traits ; productivity ; grassland ; fertilization ; soil water regime ; stress tolerance indices ; forage yield ; Panicum maximum ; Urochloa sp. ; plant functional traits ; plants diversity ; soil properties ; random forest algorithm ; PLS-SEM ; semiarid grassland ; leaf functional trait ; leaf photosynthesis ; atmospheric nitrogen deposition ; grassland ecosystem ; structure ; stability ; ecosystem services ; karst desertification control ; biomass production ; chemical composition ; ecological management ; ecosystem diversity ; grazing ; abiotic factors ; flowering phenology ; nitrogen addition ; common garden ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: We are pleased to introduce this collection of research papers entitled "Horticultural Plants Facing Stressful Conditions - Strategies for Stress Mitigation". This reprint comprises twelve research papers and a review paper exploring the impact of stress factors on plant growth and ways to eliminate or mitigate them. The studies investigate various plant species, including sunflowers, zinnias, orchids, buttercups, tomatoes, snap beans, lettuce, jojoba, grapevines, strawberries and apple trees. The impact of stress caused by high temperatures, spring frosts, drought, salinity, copper and asbestos on the physiological, biochemical and anatomical changes in plants at the cellular, tissue, organ and whole-plant levels was described by the authors. The presented issues are crucial for comprehending the metabolic, molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying the enhancement of plant resistance to environmental stresses. This reprint focuses on three essential topics: (1) using exogenous compounds and bioinoculants to increase stress tolerance, (2) improving the quality and nutritional value of fruits and vegetables and (3) planting ornamental plants in polluted areas. Each paper has been meticulously prepared and contains figures, tables and a list of references to support a deeper understanding of the subject matter. In our opinion, this revised reprint will benefit scientists who are specifically interested in horticulture, plant physiology, biochemistry, microbiology and environmental sustainability.
    Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum L. ; salinity ; quality ; nano-silicon ; plant hormones ; chlorophyll a fluorescence ; temperature ; solar radiation ; tolerance ; pigments ; proteins ; zinnia ; redox-active metal ; cell-wall lignification ; phenolics ; phenylpropanoid metabolic-pathway genes ; landscaping of urban areas ; antioxidant systems ; brassinolide ; grapevine ; ion accumulation ; leaf anatomy ; salt stress ; ultrastructure ; brassinosteroids ; strawberry ; growth ; stress ; Orchidaceae ; ornamental plant introduction ; serpentine outcrops ; stressful conditions ; adaptive responses ; plant water status ; redox balance ; non-enzymatic antioxidants ; nonessential elements ; moderate salinity ; biofortification ; gas exchange ; Lactuca sativa L. ; jojoba ; proline ; malondialdehyde ; total phenolic content ; climate change ; seawater ; ion leakage ; priming of defense ; G proteins ; calcium signaling ; mitogen-activated protein kinase ; phytohormones ; SA signaling ; JA signaling ; reactive oxygen species ; antioxidant proteins ; defense genes ; buttercup ; melatonin ; POD activity ; STI ; antioxidant enzymes ; nutrient homeostasis ; osmolytes ; Phaseolus vulgaris L ; polyamine oxidation ; putrescine and saline conditions ; adaptogenic preparations ; foliar sprays ; tolerance of spring frosts ; yield ; fruit quality ; drought ; high temperature ; antioxidants ; free radicals ; photosynthesis ; lipid peroxidation ; mitigation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. It has been recognized that dysregulation of miRNAs reflects the state and function of cells and tissues, contributing to their dysfunction. The identification of hundreds of extracellular miRNAs in biological fluids has underscored their potential in the field of biomarker research. In addition, the therapeutic potential of miRNAs is receiving increasing attention in numerous conditions. On the other hand, many operational issues, including stability, delivery systems, and bioavailability, have yet to be resolved. In this dynamic field, biopharmaceutical companies are increasingly engaged, and ongoing clinical trials point to anti-miR and miR-mimic molecules as novel classes of molecules for upcoming therapeutic applications. This reprint aims to provide a broad overview of current knowledge on several outstanding issues and new opportunities offered by miRNAs in the treatment of diseases and as early diagnostic tools for next-generation medicine.
    Keywords: mi-RNA ; physical exercise ; gene expression ; stress ; head and neck cancer ; miRNA ; chemoresistance ; protocol ; systematic review ; hazard ratio ; patient survival ; up-regulation ; down-regulation ; microRNA ; circulating miRNA ; theranostic biomarkers ; chemosensitivity ; melanoma ; meta-analysis ; miRNAs ; microRNAs ; liver neoplasms ; angiogenesis ; cancer biomarkers ; transfection ; qRT-PCR ; plasma ; amplification efficiency ; EBV ; LMP1 ; nasopharyngeal cells ; expression profiling ; chronic low-grade inflammation ; inflammation-associated biomarkers ; overweight and obesity ; children/adolescents ; sex-related associations ; DNA copy number variation ; comparative study ; progenitor cells ; amniotic fluid ; leiomyoma ; myometrium ; divergent cell commitment ; linear dysregulation ; circulating microRNAs ; extracellular miRNA ; nasopharyngeal carcinoma ; miRNA-based diagnosis ; HNSCC ; tumor-suppressor ; miR-30e-5p ; FOXD1 ; TCGA ; cervical cancer ; non-coding RNAs ; diagnosis ; prognosis ; therapeutics ; regulation of gene expression ; alveolar epithelial type II cells ; type II pneumocytes ; ATII ; AECII ; flow cytometry ; autofluorescence ; pathway analysis ; TGF-beta ; homeostasis ; EMT ; RNA-based therapeutic ; personalized medicine ; translational medicine ; breast cancer ; diagnostics ; therapy response ; hepatitis C virus ; liver injury ; microRNA-192 ; microRNA-29a ; HCV genotype-3 ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This book has resulted from collaborative interactions between academic institutions and animal shelters. It contains a collection of eleven papers (one review and ten research articles) on the behavior of dogs and cats in animal shelters, which can be very challenging environments. The papers focus on stress and behaviors associated with stress; the effectiveness of shelter enrichment programs in reducing stress; the usefulness of shelter behavioral evaluations in predicting behavior and assessing adoptability; and interactions between humans and companion animals. The aim of this book is to provide information that will inform shelter programs and policies, and thereby improve the welfare of shelter animals.
    Keywords: dog ; food aggression ; food guarding ; resource guarding ; shelter ; behavior ; adoption ; return rate ; attachment behavior ; shelter dog ; foster dog ; disinhibited attachment ; attachment style ; scent marking ; urination ; urinary posture ; defecation ; ground scratching ; animal shelter ; human-animal interactions ; individual differences ; behavioural assays ; behavioural syndromes ; companion animal ; Felis silvestris catus ; shelter cats ; human-cat relation ; dog behaviour prediction ; dog behaviour problems ; dog behaviour assessment ; canines ; animal shelters ; dog post-adoption behaviour ; heart rate variability ; stress ; arousal ; lavender ; dog appeasing pheromone (DAP) ; music ; behavioral evaluation ; owner surrender ; dog behaviour ; behaviour problems ; behaviour assessment ; shelters ; predict ; home behaviour ; hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal ; cortisol ; glucocorticoid ; social buffering ; enrichment ; early-life stress ; animal welfare ; on-leash walk ; canine behavioural assessment ; leash tension ; behaviour ; verbal cue ; body gesture ; human-dog interaction ; dogs ; welfare ; human-animal interaction ; activity ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFU Animals and society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Our planet is undergoing radical environmental and social changes. Sustainability has now been put into question by, for example, our consumption patterns, loss of biodiversity, depletion of resources, and exploitative power relations. With apparent ecological and social limits to globalization and development, current levels of consumption are unsustainable, inequitable, and inaccessible to the majority of humans. Understanding and attaining sustainability is a crucial matter at a time when our planet is in peril—environmentally, economically, socially, and politically. Since its official inception in the 1970s, environmental sociology has provided a powerful lens to understanding the challenges, possibilities and modes of sustainability. Most chapters in this book were published as peer-reviewed articles in Sustainability in its special issue “Sustainability through the Lens of Environmental Sociology”, providing an environmental sociology approach to understanding and achieving the widely used notion of “sustainability.” This edited collection covers, among other topics, the inherent discursive formations of environmental sociology, conceptual tools and paradoxes, competing theories and practices, and their complex implications on our society at large. Chapters in this book specifically focus on how sustainable development has been understood through different theoretical lenses in environmental sociology, such as ecological modernization, policy/reformist sustainable development, and critical structural approaches (such as the treadmill of production, ecological Marxism, metabolic rift theory, etc.); and how sustainable development has been practiced in, or by, various stakeholders, such as states, corporations, and local communities, for various ends, through the use of specific case studies, showing, for example, the discursive shifts, dynamic formations, and diverse contours of sustainable development. The range of relevant topics includes: • Environmental sociology as a field of inquiry for sustainability • Historical context of sustainable development in environmental sociology • Nature-society relationship in environmental sociology • Theories/approaches to sustainability discourse in environmental sociology • Environmentalism/environmental movements for sustainability • Empirical cases (such as climate change, biodiversity, food, certification, etc.) through the lens of environmental sociology
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; environmental certification ; environmentalism ; globalization ; sustainable food ; nature-society relationship ; sustainable urban development ; Eco-health ; socio-ecology ; treadmill of production ; environmental sociology ; ecological modernization ; climate change ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Dear Colleagues, Malignant tumors develop distant metastases, e.g., small clusters of cells that detach from the primitive site and colonize distant organs and tissues. Unlike the primary masses, metastases are often difficult to fully eradicate by surgery ablation and are almost always the primary object of chemo- and/or immune-therapies. The presence of metastases at tumor diagnosis is responsible for the unfavorable prognosis and of relapses even after initially successful tumor therapies. The lack of success of chemo- and immune-therapy approaches depends on many factors among which, the inadequate capacity of the anti-tumor drugs of reaching appropriate concentrations in the organs and tissues involved in the metastatic growth is a major concern. Another factor is the complexity of the metastasis biology and of their molecular behavior, evidencing a population of tumor cells with a genetic compartment different from that of the tumor of origin. The involvement of host cells and factors recruited by the metastatic cells and committed to support the metastatic growth is also an event crucial for the lack of success of the anti-tumor therapy. The knowledge of the molecular biology of metastases is mandatory to support the search for chemical agents to treat the metastatic determinants and to control of the neoplastic disease. This Special Issue on “Chemical and Molecular Approach to Tumor Metastases” will explore the impact of biology, molecular medicine and chemistry on all aspects related to tumor metastases from the biological and molecular aspects of the metastatic growth, including the relationships between the metastatic cells and the host environment, and the search for druggable determinants useful for the chemical analysis of agents selectively active against tumor metastases. With the combination of invited reviews and original papers from prominent scientists working on all aspects of molecular medicine and cancer therapy, such as, but not limited to: drug delivery, genomics, chemoprevention, drug discovery, we aim to sample recent progress in molecular and chemical aspects of therapy of malignant tumors. Clinical success studies and evidences of novel compounds are particularly welcome.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; RC254-282 ; innovative drugs ; genomics of metastasis ; molecular approaches ; chemotherapy ; biology of metastasis ; microenvironment ; chemical approaches ; metastasis niche ; metastasis druggable targets ; immunotherapy ; clinical studies ; tumor metastasis ; dynamics of metastasis ; epigenetics of metastasis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The enormous importance of free radical chemistry for a variety of biological events, including ageing and inflammation, has attracted a strong interest in understanding the related mechanistic steps at the molecular level. Modelling the free radical chemical reactivity of biological systems is an important research area. When studying free-radical-based chemical mechanisms, biomimetic chemistry and the design of established biomimetic models come into play to perform experiments in a controlled environment that is suitably designed to be in strict connection with cellular conditions. This Special Issue gives the reader a wide overview of biomimetic radical chemistry, where molecular mechanisms have been defined and molecular libraries of products are developed to also be used as traces for the discovery of some relevant biological processes. Several subjects are presented, with 12 articles and 6 reviews written by specialists in the fields of DNA, proteins, lipids, biotechnological applications, and bioinspired synthesis, having “free radicals” as a common denominator.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; gold nanoparticles ; inhomogeneous reactions ; chemical nuclease ; liposomal somatostatin ; replication fork stalling ; lipid bilayer membranes ; 2c-3e S?S-bonded intermediates ; cell micropolarity maps ; protein labeling ; time-resolved spectroscopy ; 1 ; pulse radiolysis ; nucleosides ; 2-thiouracil ; [1 ; lipidomics ; radicals ; reactive aldehydes ; iron porphyrin ; photolysis ; oxidative damage ; free fatty acids ; charge transfer ; fragmentation ; biomimetic radical reaction ; sulfones ; bioinspired chemical catalysis ; genomic and epigenomic instability ; ATRPase ; DNA methylation ; oxononenal ; trans lipid ; copper ; membrane fluidity maps ; mitochondrial uncoupling protein ; heme ; thiyl radicals ; oxidation ; anomeric spironucleosides ; protein stability ; laser flash photolysis ; type 2 diabetes ; stationary radiolysis ; confocal microscopy ; iron(IV)-oxo ; 5]-radical translocation ; diabetes ; DNA hole transfer ; free radical oxidation ; radical reaction ; kinetic studies ; circular dichroism ; catalase activity ; thiobases ; intercalation ; electron transfer ; iron-mediated ATRP ; Fenton reaction ; EPR spectroscopy ; glycogen phosphorylase ; azidoalkylation ; free radicals ; gamma radiolysis ; quantum dynamics ; hydrogen peroxide ; carboazidation ; ?OH and ?N3 radicals ; 5? ; oligonucleotides ; Raman spectroscopy ; azides ; peroxidation ; photo-ionization ; guanine quadruplexes ; 8-cyclopurines ; beta cells ; cross-link ; miRNAs ; oxidative DNA damage ; DNA damage ; modified nucleosides ; Julia–Kocienski olefination ; DNA oxidation ; therapeutic proteins ; DNA replication stress ; electron holes ; singlet oxygen ; radiosensitizers ; cellular response ; hydroxynonenal ; isomerization ; ?-radiolysis ; histone modifications ; 8-oxo-dG ; 6-dioxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane ; retarded delivery ; reaction mechanism ; DNA ; albumin ; TD-DFT methods ; nucleobase derivatives ; bio-mimicking catalyst ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Today, researchers are focused on studying and identifying new products that can be beneficial for both food and pharmaceutical purposes. In this context, sprouts and microgreens are widely recognized as functional foods due to their high nutritional value, and in particular, their high bioactive compound content, which is mainly composed of phytochemicals. However, despite extensive research on the germination of species cultivated under optimal conditions, knowledge gaps remain regarding various aspects of sprout and microgreen production. To address this research issue, interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial. This involves the identification of novel species for edible sprout cultivation, the exploration of innovative strategies to stimulate bioactive compound production, and the development of new “nutraceutical” foods. Moreover, it is imperative to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of the consumption of microgreens. This reprint presents cutting-edge research on sprouts and microgreens, providing valuable insights for the academic community.
    Keywords: Canavalia ; molybdenum ; seed priming ; nitrogen assimilation ; high CO2 ; caraway plants ; sprouting ; mature plants ; nutritious metabolites ; antioxidant ; antimicrobial activity ; anise sprouts ; He–Ne laser ; bacterial endophytes ; Chenopodium sp. ; sprouts ; photosynthesis ; amino acid metabolism ; phenolics metabolism ; anti-inflammatory ; Medicago species ; priming ; KNO3 ; bioactivity ; Medicago interexta ; SeNPs ; BABA ; anti-diabetic ; microscale vegetables ; microgreens ; phytonutrients ; functional foods ; malnutrition ; biofortification ; illumination ; health-promoting compounds ; pakchoi ; greenhouse ; UV-B ; antioxidant activity ; flavonoids ; biosynthetic pathway ; Triticum dicoccum ; salinity ; calcium homeostasis ; phenolic acid ; hydrogen peroxide ; oat seedling ; policosanol ; hexacosanol ; AMPK ; growth times ; GC-MS ; bioactive compounds ; carotenoid ; chlorophyll ; gold nanoparticles photometric assay ; seedling ; spectroscopy ; vegetation index ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Abiotic stress includes not only single adversities, i.e., drought, salt, temperature, and elevated CO2, but also complex stresses, i.e., saline and alkali soil, and karst environment. Abiotic stresses strongly affect many aspects of a plant’s substance and energy metabolism. Meanwhile, abiotic stress not only affects the physiological processes of photosynthesis, water metabolism, and inorganic nutrient absorption, but it also influences the electrophysiology and other physical parameters of plants. Plant physiological information, especially online physiological information, helps us to understand the plant’s adaptive mechanism and take the effective measures to improve the production of horticultural plants. This Special Issue contains a collection of 11 important research works, which deepen the connotation and expand the denotation of plant physiology under abiotic stress. These works will provide a theoretical basis for the production of horticultural crops under single stresses, such as drought and salt stress, or under complex stresses, such as saline and alkali and karst environments. Readers from all over the globe are expected to greatly benefit from this Special Issue collection both in terms of their own work and to improve the productivity of horticultural crops under complex abiotic stresses. In the future, we hope that the field of plant (horticultural crop) physiology under abiotic stresses flourishes in terms of academic research and publications.
    Keywords: genovese ; leaf area ; root length ; nitrogen balance index ; anthocyanin ; epicuticular leaf waxes ; drought stress ; GABA: gamma aminobutyric acid ; metabolism ; pea ; Pisum sativum L. ; seedling growth ; water deficit ; agricultural production ; redox ; photorespiration ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; dose effect ; Annonaceae ; antioxidant enzymes ; carbohydrates ; liriodenine ; photosynthesis ; garlic ; chitosan ; yeast ; antioxidant system ; reactive oxygen species ; citrus ; oxidative stress ; proline ; water potential ; vascular bundle modifications ; electrophysiological signals ; intracellular water metabolism ; bioenergetics ; plant physiological information ; water shortage response ; coastal areas ; ornamental plants ; gas exchange ; chlorophyll a fluorescence ; enzyme activity ; jujube ; saline–alkali stress ; sugar metabolism ; antioxidant enzyme ; RT-qPCR ; salinity ; biomass ; chlorophyll ; woody plants ; tolerance ; electrophysiology ; anatomical structure ; cell elasticity ; water status ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint contains 12 high-quality original research and reviews papers by 62 authors from 10 countries on 3 continents: Asia (China, India, Indonesia, and Malaysia), Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Portugal, Romania, and Ukraine), and Africa (South Africa). These papers were published in a Special Issue, “Recent Developments in Eco-Friendly Wood-Based Composites II”, of the journal Polymers. These papers provide examples of the most recent developments in eco-friendly wood-based composites.
    Keywords: tree bark fibre ; thermal insulation panels ; thermal conductivity ; self-bonded boards ; zero formaldehyde content ; eco-friendly wood-based composites ; wood polymer composites ; bio composites ; wall cladding ; ceiling materials ; RDP housing ; lignosulphonates ; lignin ; formaldehyde ; wood adhesives ; plastic film-bonded plywood ; polyethylene film ; physical–mechanical properties ; bonding strength ; wood species ; thermoplastic resin ; formaldehyde-free adhesive ; hot-pressing technique ; wood-based panels ; wood composites ; biodegradable polymers ; wood flour ; characterization ; processing ; applications ; biocomposite ; mechanical properties ; physical properties ; polypropylene ; thermal properties ; nanocellulose aerogels ; modification techniques ; environmental wastes ; oil absorption ; composite panel ; biomass ; oil palm trunk (OPT) ; particleboards ; deadwood ; wood particles ; formaldehyde emission ; urea-formaldehyde adhesive ; bending strength ; internal bond strength ; modulus of elasticity ; thickness swelling ; bamboo ; thermal modification ; bamboo cell wall ; anti-mildew property ; wood–plastic plywood ; hot-press ; secondary press ; aldehyde-free ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAL Forestry industry
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  • 185
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Ecophysiological mechanisms underlie plant responses to environmental conditions and the influence these responses have on ecological patterns and processes. In this Special Issue, with a particular interest in the interactions between climate change, environmental disturbance, and functional ecology, experimental observations are described at a range of spatial scales. A modeling framework is used in an effort to relate mechanistic responses to ecosystem functions and services, and link forest ecophysiology and environmental indicators. This Special Issue collects important advances in studying and monitoring plant–environment interactions, covering biogeographic gradients from Mediterranean woodlands to boreal forests and from Alpine mountains to tropical environments.
    Keywords: Leaf δ13C ; Leaf δ15N ; Growth stage ; Environmental factors ; Relative importance ; nitrogen dioxide ; nitrogen metabolism ; photorespiration ; heat dissipation ; excess absorbed light energy ; electron transfer ; photochemical efficiency ; altitude ; non-structural carbohydrates ; nutrients ; ontogeny ; Pinus cembra L. ; Larix decidua Mill ; boreal forest ; leaf temperature ; photosynthesis ; water availability ; leaf thermal damage ; thermoregulation ; endangered ; Sonneratia × hainanensis ; reproductive system ; seed germination ; light ; temperature ; salinity ; Cinnamomum migao ; autotoxicity ; seedling growth ; soil substrate ; soil enzyme ; soil fungi ; TreeSonic ; MOEd ; forest productivity ; dendrochronology ; recruitment period ; Aspromonte National Park ; Sessile oak ; deciduous forest ; carbon sequestration ; wood density ; allometry ; functional traits ; climate niches ; Malus baccata ; MbERF11 ; cold stress ; salt stress ; transgenic plant ; dendrometer ; stem circumference changes ; climate response ; Mediterranean ; Pinus nigra ; Pinus pinaster ; ontogenetic phases ; adaptive strategies ; leaf functional traits ; light environment ; canopy tree species ; carbon isotopes ; climate change ; respiration ; discrimination ; mixed forest ; keeling plot ; branch lifespan ; shoot lifespan ; stem lifespan ; branch shedding ; shoot shedding ; stem shedding ; canopy ; crown development ; tree architecture ; light foraging ; phenotypic plasticity ; shade tolerance ; shade acclimation ; light acclimation ; light regime ; sunfleck ; leaf thickness ; leaf angle ; leaf three-dimensional structure ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAL Forestry industry
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  • 186
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Dietary habits differ from person to person and usually are determined by cultural habits and traditions that determine lifestyles linked to the socio-demographic characteristics associated with ethnicity. It is known that dietary habits, lifestyle and socio-demographic factors impact human health. Eating disorders, increasing consumption of less-healthy foods, lack of exercise, genetic predisposition, along with other factors, increase risk of diseases such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and various mental disorders. This reprint entitled “Dietary Influence on Nutritional Epidemiology, Public Health and Our Lifestyle”, addresses the associations between some dietary patterns, lifestyle and socio-demographic factors, analyzed either separately or in combination, with the risk and management of cardiovascular diseases and mental health problems, such as depression and dementia. This reprint includes nine original articles and one systematic review.
    Keywords: fatty acids ; postprandial state ; chylomicron ; olive oil ; dendritic cells ; myeloid lineage ; triglyceride-rich lipoprotein ; early-onset dementia ; dietary habits ; MIND diet ; DASH diet ; Mediterranean diet ; risk ; prevention ; DNA methylation ; epigenetics ; Adventist Health Study-2 ; vegetarian diet ; linear regression ; permutation ; healthy eating index ; depression ; NHANES ; diet pattern ; DGA ; nutrition ; Roma ; Hungary ; health ; dietary patterns ; dietary indicators ; sustainability ; dietary recall ; high-density lipoprotein ; lipidome ; proteome ; exposome ; diet ; lifestyle ; demographics ; cardiovascular disease ; cholesterol ; triglycerides ; blood pressure ; glycemic control ; adlay ; hypertension ; ACE ; ET-1 ; eating disorder ; all-cause mortality ; epidemiology ; hazard ratio ; general population ; Canada ; daily total intake of dietary nutrients ; RGCS ; HbA1c ; odds ratio ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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  • 187
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that enables the removal of damaged, infected, or otherwise unwanted cells in a controlled manner. Apoptosis can be initiated by multiple independent pathways that ultimately converge at a point where proteolytic enzymes belonging to the caspase family are activated, which dismantle the apoptotic cell. Multicellular organism have employed apoptotic mechanisms during host defence in response to viral infection to limit or prevent viral spread and replication. Consequently, viruses have evolved sophisticated molecular countermeasures to disarm host apoptotic defences, and this series of reviews and primary research articles in this Special Issue explores the intricate molecular interplay between viruses and their hosts when they battle for control of host apoptotic check-points.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; host defence ; Apoptosis ; caspase ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 188
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Dear Colleagues, Zoological institutions contribute a large amount of fundamental and applied knowledge on a diverse array of animal species. Despite this significant contribution, research conducted within zoos or other captive wildlife facilities has historically been skewed toward charismatic mammals, which comprise only a small proportion of the species that are held in captive collections. Modern zoos play an important role in animal welfare, conservation, and environmental education; therefore, this shortfall in knowledge may have large, unseen, and negative impacts on these “forgotten species”. Hypothesis-driven, experimental research plays a key role in filling these knowledge gaps; however, other avenues of data collection exist which may be equally important. These include observational data (collected without experimental interventions), operational data (data collected within the general management activities of a facility), and incidental data (data collected for one purpose which may reveal further important information when explored in more detail). These unpublished datasets may provide fundamental information on species for which comparatively little is known.
    Keywords: Bucovus leadbeateri ; Bucerotidae ; mirror ; carcass feeding ; spread of participation index ; amphibian ; behaviour ; diet ; nitrogenous waste ; welfare ; zoo research ; behavior ; environmental enrichment ; evidence-based ; husbandry ; reptile ; lizard ; zoo ; captive ; cognition ; play ; tree kangaroo ; zoos ; activity budget ; enclosure use ; Dendrolagus ; understudied ; alligator ; animal welfare ; behavioral observation ; comparative ; social behavior ; Psitaccidae ; ultraviolet light ; artificial lighting ; T5 lamps ; vision ; red panda ; maternal behaviour ; elasmobranch ; sharks ; space use ; ZooMonitor ; cusimanse ; Crossarchus obscurus ; AWAG ; welfare assessment ; carnivore ; Verreaux’s eagle owl ; Bubo lacteus ; macroplastic ; litter ; digit constriction ; cooperation ; loose-string task ; rodents ; synchronized actions ; cooperative breeding ; pair bonds ; tortoise ; diversity index ; enrichment ; ethogram ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences
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  • 189
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Mesothelioma is a rare aggressive cancer that develops from the mesothelium. Recent molecular analyses have defined four different types of mesothelioma based on gene expression and two major molecularly-defined groups based on prognosis. In this volume, potential mechanisms causing this heterogeneity are explored. The different chapters include heterogeneity learned from experimental animal models in NF2/Hippo pathway signaling, stem cell signaling pathways, the tumor microenvironment, and micro RNA secretome. Novel aspects deserving attention such as the implication of long, non-coding RNA in disease heterogeneity are described. The volume also includes the description of tools useful to address some specific questions such as an assessment of the copy number variations of two tumor suppressors frequently mutated in mesothelioma or an investigation of Macrophage Inhibition Factor signaling in mesothelioma.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; RC254-282 ; NF2 signaling pathway ; tumor microenvironment ; mesothelioma ; experimental mesothelioma models ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 190
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Breastfeeding is the preferred method of feeding in early life. It is also one of the most cost-effective childhood survival interventions. Breastfeeding practices are important for preventing child mortality and morbidity, as well as ensuring the optimal growth, health, and development of infants. The public health benefits of breastfeeding have been well documented in the medical literature, and include the following: associations with decreased risk for early-life diseases such as otitis media, respiratory tract infection, diarrhoea, and early childhood obesity (to name but a few). This Special Issue book includes a collection of studies on the use of novel methods to improve breastfeeding rates, and research exploring the short- and long-term benefits of breastfeeding for both the infant and mother, including technology-based approaches.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; practice ; milk bank ; galactagogues ; infant ; twins ; children ; perinatal ; circadian rhythm ; lactoferrin ; Aboriginal ; lipidome ; infant crying ; AA ; risk factors ; infants ; EPIC ; pregnancy ; Africa ; ECOWAS ; involution ; cortisol ; educational status ; low milk supply ; lactating mammary gland ; milk flow ; DHA ; EWAS ; breast feeding ; pregnancy outcomes ; NTR ; premature birth ; omega-3 ; DNA methylation ; LC-PUFA ; omega-6 ; culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) ; vitamin A ; human milk carbohydrates ; childhood ; milk intake ; neonate ; fenugreek ; United Arab Emirates ; prognosis ; sensitivity and specificity ; weaning ; breastfeeding frequency ; birth cohort ; maternal behavior ; temperament ; multiple pregnancy ; mortality ; breastfeeding ; Australia ; hospitalizations ; cortisone ; maternal age ; oligosaccharides ; milk composition ; initiation of breastfeeding ; preterm infant ; antenatal care ; infant mortality ; body composition ; growth trajectory ; maternal protein restriction ; self-efficacy ; infections ; gestational age ; exclusive breastfeeding ; daily intake ; ALSPAC ; maternal stress ; retinoic acid ; breast milk metabolome ; lactation ; antibiotic use ; free amino acid ; maternal anxiety ; early life nutrition ; child nutrition ; parity ; human milk ; lactose ; litter size ; caesarean section ; skin-to-skin ; prolonged lactation ; vitamin A deficiency ; fatty acids ; plasma metabolic parameters ; breast milk ; growth ; glycome ; caries ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 191
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6 and riboflavin play a key role as coenzymes in one-carbon metabolism which, in turn, is essential for a broad range of fundamental physiological processes, including RNA and DNA synthesis, cell division, tissue growth and methylation. Deficiencies or imbalance of B-vitamins, as well as genetic polymorphisms and environmental factors, are shown to disturb the normal function of one-carbon metabolism with adverse effects on human health. Although a vast volume of research has already been conducted in this area, there are still significant gaps in our knowledge that require further investigations. This Special Issue of Nutrients invited submission of manuscripts, original research or reviews of the scientific literature, focused on novel findings in relation to B-vitamins and one-carbon metabolism in terms of: metabolic roles and molecular mechanisms; gene–nutrient interactions; fetal growth and programing; risk of disease (birth defects and pregnancy related conditions, cancer, cardiovascular disease and hypertension, neuropsychiatric disease, osteoporosis); health effects of B-vitamin supplementation and food fortification.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; B-vitamins and DNA methylation ; B-vitamins ; One-carbon metabolism ; B-vitamins and risk of disease ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 192
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The agri-food sector has faced several challenges in recent years. The increase in the global population, and thus, growing food demand has led to the over-exploitation of numerous agricultural systems by farmers and agri-food entrepreneurs. However, in most cases, producers prioritize increasing their incomes, neglecting to consider the environmental and social impacts of their production processes. The search for ever greater yields and revenues has degraded agro-ecosystems, forcing both farmers and agri-food firms leave rural areas. Moreover, as global warming requires us to rethink existing production processes from economic, environmental and social points of view to reduce GHGs emissions, it is necessary to adopt sustainable agri-food production. This reprint contains empirical studies and systematic reviews regarding the achievement of a sustainable agri-food sector by assessing entrepreneurs’ choices, consumer behavior and policy interventions.
    Keywords: agroecology ; consumers&rsquo ; behavior ; green economy ; organic farming ; innovation adoption ; sustainable development ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
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  • 193
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the character of academic conferences has changed. Formerly, conferences required the physical presence of their members and audiences. However, travel restrictions due to the pandemic caused a shift in the traditional conference format, thus resulting in the rise of online conferences after 2020. In 2021 and 2022, the journal “Diversity” similarly organized online conferences. The well-attended online conference in March of 2021 attracted a wide range of speakers on biodiversity, ecology and evolution, as well as on 17 publications from this Special Issue. The publications cover several timely aspects of biodiversity, such as the importance of invasive species, the ecology of urbanization, the effects of drought on wildlife in Southern Africa, the results of human activities on insect, mammal, bird, reptile and amphibia populations, and the genetic diversity of animal breeds, microbiomes and planktonic organisms. Additionally, taxonomic and biosystematic topics are also covered in several SI publications.
    Keywords: chelonians ; pelomedusidae ; foraging ecology ; invasive species ; alien ; translocated ; critically endangered ; freshwater fishes ; freshwater ecosystems ; conservation ; biodiversity ; red list ; diversity ; algae ; alpine lake ; bioindication ; ecological characteristic ; ecosystem ; Nesamovyte Lake ; Eastern Carpathians ; CITES ; endangered species ; SDM ; degraded amazon ; machine learning ; taxonomic diversity ; functional richness ; Rao’s quadratic entropy ; climatic variables ; generalized additive mixed models ; macroecological patterns ; diversity drivers ; urban birds ; bird assemblages ; urbanisation ; landscape ecology ; land use change ; geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) ; Australian monsoonal tropics ; wild goats ; single nucleotide polymorphisms ; genetic diversity ; population structure ; cattle ; Kalmyk cattle ; Kyrgyz cattle ; Kazakh cattle ; Kazakh white-headed breed ; historical specimens ; microsatellites ; consensus genotypes ; sheep ; runs of homozygosity ; genomic inbreeding ; bees ; pollinators ; urban management ; ecological niche model ; distribution ; aquaculture ; mosquitofish ; climate change ; expansion ; catena ecosystem ; ephemeral mud wallows ; habitat use ; mammal variety ; Skukuza area ; species presence ; Stevenson-Hamilton supersite ; Bryodelphax mareki sp. nov. ; DNA barcoding ; Eutardigrada ; Heterotardigrada ; Macrobiotus birendrai sp. nov. ; water bears ; eutrophication ; exotic species ; tropical lakes ; zooplankton ; agroecosystems ; arthropods ; environment ; indicators ; RDP measures ; Porifera ; microbiome ; sponge disease ; 16S rRNA sequencing ; Baikal ; Poland ; Europe ; Cydalima perspectalis ; box tree moth ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 194
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Fruit- and vegetable-based products (F&Vs) have been conventionally processed using thermal techniques such as pasteurization, scalding, and/and drying, ensuring microbial safety and/or enzyme deactivation. Although thermal treatments are the most cost-effective tools, they could also reduce bioactive compounds, nutrients, and even sensory attributes. Nowadays, non-thermal food-processing technologies such as UV light and high-pressure processing have been proposed to develop food products with extended shelf life and preserved/encouraged bioactive compounds, while preserving the sensory properties. This reprint addresses the existing knowledge gaps of novel thermal and non-thermal techniques in the production of F&Vs and their derivatives. This reprint focuses on the effect of thermal and non-thermal treatments (light stresses, high hydrostatic pressure, pulse electric fields, oscillating magnetic fields, cold plasma, ultrasound, drying, etc.) on shelf-life, key bioactive compound changes (antioxidants, nutraceuticals, flavonoids, and non-flavonoids), enzymatic antioxidant systems, and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems of fruit- and vegetable-based products. Apart from an editorial written by the guest editors, the Special Issue consists of 13 papers that cover a range of subjects: thermal and non-thermal treatments on whole fruits (n = 4); thermal and non-thermal treatments on fruit and vegetable byproducts (n = 3); and, thermal and non-thermal treatments on fruit-based beverages and purées (n = 6).
    Keywords: carotenoids ; phenolic compounds ; puree ; juice ; bioaccessibility ; pulsed electric fields ; carrot ; microstructure ; quality attributes ; orange juice ; nisin-assisted thermosonication ; microbial and enzyme inactivation ; sensory quality ; bioactive properties ; Aronia melanocarpa L. ; by-products ; sustainability ; inulin ; trehalose ; polyphenols ; HMF ; unsupervised chemometric analysis ; high hydrostatic pressure ; thermal pasteurization ; anthocyanin ; vitamin C ; flavanones ; high-pressure processing ; potatoes ; polyphenol oxidase ; antioxidant activity ; smoothies ; juices ; elicitors ; abiotic stresses ; nutraceuticals ; health-promoting compounds ; garlic ; ageing process ; bioactive compounds ; organoleptic properties ; HPLC-MS/MS analysis ; controlled abiotic stresses ; elicitation ; functional foods ; whole fruits and vegetables ; stress-induced biosynthesis ; secondary metabolites ; innovative technologies ; non-thermal technologies ; apple ; strawberry ; food processing ; thermal processing ; stability ; storage ; ozonisation ; antioxidants ; table grape ; wine grape ; wine ; zero waste ; green technologies ; circular economy ; UV ; UVB ; UVC ; UV illumination ; photochemical treatments ; abiotic stress ; phytochemicals ; quality ; food safety ; Punica granatum ; phenolics ; encapsulation ; green-technology ; minimally processed ; food losses ; clean label ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 195
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The second volume of the Special Issue entitled “Antimicrobial Prescribing and Stewardship” consists of manuscripts, including original research articles, review articles, and opinion papers regarding antimicrobial stewardship-related topics, including disease-based/organism-based antimicrobial stewardship; the influence of antimicrobial utilization changes on antimicrobial resistance; the impact of antimicrobial stewardship on quality performance measures and patient outcomes; novel antimicrobial stewardship education and training approaches or interventions aimed toward the public and/or healthcare workers; behavioral change approaches to antimicrobial stewardship; collaborative practice agreements in antimicrobial stewardship; antimicrobial stewardship in special populations (e.g., pediatrics, geriatrics, emergency medicine, hematology/oncology); tackling AMR through antimicrobial stewardship in low- and middle-income countries; antimicrobial stewardship for animal health; antimicrobial stewardship in alternative settings (e.g., community practice, long-term care, resource-limited settings, small and rural hospitals); antimicrobial use and stewardship in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic; and global collaborations to tackle AMR through antimicrobial stewardship.
    Keywords: antimicrobial stewardship programs ; hospitals ; multi-drug resistance ; antibiotics ; antimicrobial stewardship ; quality of prescription ; prescriptive appropriateness ; surgical prophylaxis ; antibiotic stewardship ; febrile neutropenia ; appropriateness ; pharmacist-driven ; hematology oncologic patient ; hospital care ; primary care ; physicians ; antibiotic ; prescription ; Portugal ; upper respiratory tract infections ; antimicrobial resistance ; parental knowledge ; attitudes ; practices ; child ; Greece ; COVID-19 ; emergency department ; prescribing ; antimicrobial prescribing ; behavior change ; primary healthcare ; general practice ; community pharmacy ; qualitative study ; patient attitudes ; self-care ; questionnaire ; behavioural science ; global-pps ; antimicrobial surveillance ; antimicrobials ; ceftriaxone prescription ; prevalence ; Uganda ; life-long ; suppression ; multi-resistant organisms ; antibiotic prophylaxis ; joint replacement ; prosthetic joint infection ; oral implantology ; dental implants ; hospital physicians ; low-resistance country ; antibiotic prescription ; semi-structured interviews ; antibiotic prescribing quality ; low-risk intra-abdominal infections ; post-operative antibiotic treatment ; antimicrobial drug use ; dairy cattle ; knowledge ; logistic regression models ; machine learning ; survey ; cystitis ; fluoroquinolones ; point prevalence survey ; antibiotic use surveillance ; hospital ; private sector ; global health security ; multisectoral ; stewardship ; surveillance ; collaboration ; antimicrobial use ; food animals ; AMU ; DDD ; biosecurity ; animal welfare ; anthelmintics ; prudent use ; imprudent use ; livestock production systems ; Fiji ; healthcare providers ; infectious diseases ; caregivers ; antibiotic resistance ; rural population ; India ; antimicrobial resistance (AMR) ; antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) ; AMS Game ; board game ; online game ; Commonwealth Partnerships for Antimicrobial Stewardship ; CwPAMS ; gaming ; game-based learning ; gamification ; prescribing app ; anti-infective ; antimicrobial ; behaviour change ; healthcare workers ; national action plans ; pharmacy ; One Health ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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  • 196
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: During the last few years, industrial fermentation technologies have advanced in order to improve the quality of the final product. Some examples of those modern technologies are the biotechnology developments of microbial materials, such as Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts or lactic bacteria from different genera. Other technologies are related to the use of additives and adjuvants, such as nutrients, enzymes, fining agents, or preservatives and their management, which directly influence the quality and reduce the risks in final fermentation products. Other technologies are based on the management of thermal treatments, filtrations, pressure applications, ultrasounds, UV, and so on, which have also led to improvements in fermentation quality in recent years. The aim of the issue is to study new technologies able to improve the quality parameters of fermentation products, such as aroma, color, turbidity, acidity, or any other parameters related to improving sensory perception by the consumers. Food safety parameters are also included.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; low-ethanol wines ; wine-related fungi ; non-Saccharomyces ; yeasts ; narince ; wine quality ; tryptophol ; low ethanol wine ; serotonin ; non-conventional yeasts ; Bombino bianco ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe ; volatile compounds ; ethyl carbamate ; phthalates ; autochthonous ; meta-taxonomic analysis ; Pichia kluyveri ; pH control ; IAA ; Torulaspora delbrueckii ; chemical analyses ; aroma profile ; yeast ; enzymatic patterns ; wine flavor ; fermentation ; must replacement ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; malolactic fermentation ; wine ; HACCP ; food quality ; sequential inoculation ; alcoholic beverages ; itaconic acid ; biocontrol application ; white wine ; hydroxytyrosol ; tryptophan ; glucose ; kinetic analysis ; wine aroma ; amino acid decarboxylation ; lactic acid bacteria ; vineyard soil ; wine color ; tyrosol ; Saccharomyces ; Gompertz-model ; sequential culture ; biogenic amines ; SO2 reduction ; climate change ; Vineyard Microbiota ; A. terreus ; sulfur dioxide ; human health-promoting compounds ; Hanseniaspora guilliermondii ; non-Saccharomyces screening ; aromatic/sensorial profiles ; Malvar (Vitis vinifera L. cv.) ; probiotics ; Yeasts ; native yeast ; color ; glutathione ; hot pre-fermentative maceration ; technological characterization ; wine-related bacteria ; Riesling ; Torulaspora microellipsoides ; Lachancea thermotolerans ; Metschnikowia pulcherrima ; cashew apple juice ; resveratrol ; biocontrol ; shiraz ; Tannat ; ochratoxin A ; aroma compound ; trehalose ; wine composition ; Hanseniaspora uvarum yeast ; food safety ; acidity ; sensory evaluation ; viticulture ; melatonin ; alcoholic fermentation ; aroma ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 197
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Explore a decade of groundbreaking research in "10th Anniversary of Cells—Advances in Plant, Algae, and Fungi Cell Biology." This reprint offers a comprehensive journey into the realms of plant, algae, and fungi cell biology. Delve into the world of genomics, cellular defense mechanisms, mycorrhizal fungi, and the physiology of extremophile algae. A celebration of scientific excellence, this reprint is a valuable resource for researchers, educators, and enthusiasts passionate about these fascinating domains. Join us in commemorating a decade of discovery and advancement in cellular biology.
    Keywords: membrane proteins ; overproduction ; production platform ; protein purification ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; solute carrier 39 ; SLC39 ; family ; yeast ; zinc ; zinc transporters ; ZIPs ; Agave americana ; crassulacean acid metabolism ; genetic engineering ; Nicotiana sylvestris ; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase ; photosynthesis ; drought tolerance ; salt tolerance ; microalgae ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; starch ; supraoptimal temperature ; cell cycle ; pilot-scale production ; DNA methylation ; Fusarium graminearum ; in vitro subcultures ; virulence reduction ; ddRAD-MCSeEd ; virulence genes ; 13C ; 14C ; aldol ; Calvin-Benson cycle ; light respiration ; isotope labeling ; cytokinin ; endocytosis ; cytoskeleton ; actin ; plant immunity ; induced resistance ; Parachlorella kessleri ; supra-optimal temperature ; energy reserves ; growth processes ; reproduction events ; deuterium ; deuterated starch ; deuterated lipid ; soft scale insects ; Ophiocordyceps ; symbiosis ; transovarial transmission ; Verticillium wilt ; Glomus viscosum Nicolson ; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; oxidative stress ; antioxidant systems ; defense ability ; ABI5 ; ABF ; AREB ; abiotic stress response ; abscisic acid ; phytohormone crosstalk ; salinity stress ; chloroplast ; plastid ; osmolytes ; osmotic adjustment ; reactive oxygen species ; herbivory ; membrane potential ; ion channel ; Arthrospira ; haloalkalotolerant cyanobacteria ; metagenomics ; phylogenomics ; fatty acid ; enveloped virus ; Ebola virus ; HIV ; herpes simplex virus ; human cytomegalovirus ; influenza virus ; MERS-CoV ; SARS-CoV-2 ; N-glycosite ; O-glycosite ; high-mannose glycan ; complex N-glycans ; Vicieae man-specific lectin ; T/Tn-specific lectin ; specific interaction ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 198
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Near-Infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has become one of the most attractive and used technique for analysis as it allows a fast and simultaneous qualitative and quantitative characterization of a wide variety of food samples. NIR spectroscopy is essential in various other fields, e.g., pharmaceuticals, petrochemical, textiles, cosmetics, medical applications, and chemicals such as polymers. The high level of interest in NIR spectroscopy among scientific and professional sectors demonstrates its relevance. We feel that the Special Issue's scope has facilitated the interchange of ideas and thereby aided in expanding the new development in this field of knowledge. Furthermore, we aimed to provide the readership with a comprehensive summary of present state-of-the-art NIR spectroscopy, current development trends, and future possibilities. We also believe that by doing so, we will be able to provide an accceptable opportunity for all contributors to make their results and methodologies more visible, as well as to highlight their recent achievements in their respective fields which have been made possible by the use of NIR spectroscopy. The Special Issue had a resoundingly enthusiastic response, with several submissions from academics and professional spectroscopists, resulting in the collection of 13 papers, including 1 exhaustive review paper. The articles submitted well represent the variety of the application field. These articles cover a wide range of topics related to NIR spectroscopy in a broad sense. The majority of the papers concentrate on applied qualitative and quantitative analysis in a variety of fields.
    Keywords: hyperspectral ; spatial-spectral features ; classification ; principal component analysis ; convolutional neural network ; near infrared spectra ; chemometry ; dry meat ; artificial neural networks ; organoleptic parameters ; prediction ; protected geographical indication distinguishing ; near infrared ; vitamin C ; ellagic acid ; wild harvest ; Kakadu plum ; chemometrics ; proximal sensing ; precision agriculture ; E. coli ; S. typhimurium ; biofilm ; hyperspectral imaging ; discriminant analysis ; pesticide residues ; spectroscopy ; PLS ; soft computing ; algorithm ; NIRS ; muscle ; bovine ; MUFA ; PUFA ; SFA ; NIR spectrometer ; intact potato ; dry matter ; reducing sugars ; MPLS ; pepper leaf ; SPAD value ; hyperspectral inversion ; characteristic waveband selection ; NIR ; calibration models ; PLS-R ; volatile phenols ; aged wine spirit ; breast milk quality control ; handheld ; olive oil ; near-infrared spectroscopy ; quality parameters ; mangetout ; pea pod ; near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 199
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint emerges as a beacon guiding researchers, scientists, and medical professionals through uncharted territories. In this volume, we delve deep into the intricate world of immunization, where the fusion of bioinformatics and network medicine reshapes our understanding of vaccines' efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity.
    Keywords: monkeypox ; mpox ; MPXV ; universal vaccine ; multi-epitope mRNA vaccine ; immunoinformatics ; influenza ; H3N2 ; antigenic distance ; hemagglutinin ; attribute network embedding ; herpes simplex virus ; HSV-2 ; vaccine ; costimulation ; genital ; antibodies ; T cells ; MDV ; chickens ; Th17 cells ; IL-17A ; interferon-gamma and adaptive immunity ; adenoviral vector ; cell fusion ; human endogenous retrovirus type W (HERV-W) ; R-peptide ; Syncytin-1 ; HIV ; PLWH ; ART ; vaccination ; immune responses ; CD4 ; COVID-19 ; HPV ; respiratory syncytial virus ; RSV ; mucosal vaccine ; inactivated vaccine ; low-energy electron irradiation ; LEEI ; PC formulation ; PCLS ; binding antibody assay ; immune correlates of protection ; modified treatment policy ; neutralizing antibody assay ; principal stratification ; principal surrogate ; SARS-CoV-2 ; stochastic intervention ; stochastic interventional vaccine efficacy ; peste des petits ruminants ; ewes ; lambs ; passive immunity ; quadrivalent adjuvanted influenza vaccines ; toll-like receptors ; CVID ; azoximer bromide ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Blindness and visual impairment impact significantly on an individual’s physical and mental well-being. Loss of vision is a global health problem, with approximately 250 million of the world’s population currently living with vision loss, of which 36 million are classified as blind. Visual impairment is more frequent in the elderly, with cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) accounting for over 50% of cases globally. Oxidative stress has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of both conditions, and consequently the role of nutritional factors, in particular carotenoids and micronutrient antioxidants, have been investigated as possible preventative or therapeutic strategies. Dry eye syndrome (DES) is one of the most common ophthalmic conditions in the world. DES occurs where the eye does not produce enough tears and/or the tears evaporate too quicklyleading to discomfort and varying degrees of visual disturbance. There has recently been a great deal of interest in the potential for oral or topical supplementation with essential fatty acids (EFAs), specifically omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, as an adjunct to conventional treatments for DES. The objective of this Special Issue on ‘Nutrition and Eye Health’ is to publish papers describing the role of nutrition in maintaining eye health and the use of nutritional interventions to prevent or treat ocular disease. A particular (but not exclusive) emphasis will be on papers (reviews and/or clinical or experimental studies) relating to cataract, AMD and DES.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; polyphenols ; n/a ; crocin ; chyrsin ; glaucoma ; dietary assessment ; photoreceptor degeneration ; dry eye ; RR-zeaxanthin ; nutritional supplements ; drug discovery ; corneal neovascularization (CNV) ; AMD ; dietary antioxidants ; micronutrients ; age-related macular degeneration ; preclinical models ; lenses ; microvascular lesions ; cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) ; angiogenesis ; fish oil ; macrophage ; anti-oxidant ; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ; rosmarinic acid ; visual cycle ; diabetic retinopathy ; lutein ; gut-retina axis ; light damage ; crocetin ; supplements ; clinical practice guidelines ; nutrition ; light ; eye disease ; dietary habits ; flavonoids ; phytoconstituents ; saffron ; carotenoids ; fatty acid ; electroretinography ; lens ; advanced glycation end products ; interleukin-1? (IL-1?) ; mesozeaxanthin (RS zeaxanthin) ; endoplasmic reticulum stress ; omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ; clinical survey ; corneal chemical burn ; reduced glutathione ; omega-3 ; AGREE II ; retina ; inflammation ; anti-inflammatory ; retinal pigment epithelium ; diet ; Lactobacillus paracasei KW3110 ; Crocus Sativus L. ; saponins ; cataract ; CODS ; neoangiogenesis ; estrogen-deficient rats ; food frequency questionnaire ; gut microbiota ; antioxidant supplements ; sinapic acid ; personalised medicine ; systematic reviews ; nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-?B) ; diabetes ; Cucurbita argyrosperma ; oxidative stress ; endoplasmic reticulum ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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