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  • 1
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    Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, FU Berlin, Berlin
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2024-06-19
    Description: Dimitris Frydas & Helmut Keupp: Upper Cenozoic calcareous and siliceous phytoplankton stratigraphy for marine sediments in central Crete, Greece ...3 ; Dimitris Frydas & Helmut Keupp: The Miocene/Pliocene boundary in NW Crete by means of calcareous nannofossil assemblages ...27 ; Dimitris Frydas: Silicoflagellates of the Late Quaternary Sapropel S5 from the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea, „Meteor“-Cruise 40/4, Site 69 ...35 ; Joachim Gründel: Neritimorpha und weitere Caenogastropoda (Gastropoda) aus dem Dogger Norddeutschlands und des nordwestlichen Polens ...45 ; Rolf Kohring: Nonmarine trace fossils from the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) of Msemrir (Central High Atlas, Morocco) ...101 ; Uwe Gloy: Bibliographie 2000 ...113 ; --- ❖ --- „Biologie und Paläobiologie der Cephalopoden: Bilanz und Ausblick“ Treffen deutschsprachiger Cephalopodenforscher vom 8. bis 9. März 2001 an der FU Berlin --- Helmut Keupp & Kerstin Warnke: Biologie und Paläobiologie der Cephalopoden: Bilanz und Ausblick ...119 ; Sigurd v. Boletzky: Paläobiologie der Cephalopoden - vom Petrefaktischen zur Frage: „Wie hat das Tier gelebt?“ ...121 ; Günter Schweigert & Gerd Dietl: Die Kieferelemente von Physodoceras (Ammonitina, Aspidoceratidae) im Nusplinger Plattenkalk (Oberjura, Schwäbische Alb) ...131 ; Christian Klug & Dieter Korn: Epizoa and post-mortem epicoles on cephalopod shells - Devonian and Carboniferous examples from Morocco ...145 ; Ute Richter: Spuren der Weichkörperverlagerung auf Pyritsteinkernen von Ammonoideen ...157 ; Kerstin Warnke, Jörg Plötner, José Ignacio Santana, Maria José Rueda & Octavio Llinas: Zur Phylogenie rezenter Cephalopoden - Erste Ergebnisse einer molekulargenetischen Analyse des 18S rRNA-Gens ...169 ; Dieter Korn & Christian Klug: Biometrie analyses of some Palaeozoic ammonoid conchs ...173 ; Gernot Arp: Fazies, Stratigraphie und Ammonitenfauna des Mittleren und Oberen Dogger bei Neumarkt i.d.Opf. (Bajocium-Oxfordium, Süddeutschland), ...189 ;
    Description: conference
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:560 ; Paläobiologie ; Paläontologie
    Language: German , English
    Type: doc-type:book
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-06-19
    Description: The Mid and Late Holocene environment of the Eastern Juyanze and Sogo Nur basins was reconstructed on the base of ostracod assemblages, shell chemistry, sedimentology, palynology and the occurrence of other fossils such as molluscs and a large diatom species in the course of the study. Their climatic implications were discussed in the context of other Holocene records from northwestern China and Central Asia. A brief synopsis is given in the following. The period of maximum moisture availability (China’s Hypsithermal or the Atlantic period in European usage), otherwise recorded roughly between 8000 and 6000 a BP (e.g. LISTER et al. 1991, GASSE et al. 1996, Liu et al. 1998), was neither registered at the site of the main section in the Eastern Juyanze basin nor in the Sogo Nor basin. Sediments at the Eastem-Juyanze-section-A, which was investigated most intensively, are not older than about 5400 cal. a BP and span a period up to about 2700 cal. a BP, whereas the record of the Sogo Nur sections covers a period from about 2500 up to about 400 cal. a BP. However, the subsequent cold and dry period about 5400 a BP, which was proposed earlier from a number of sites in eastern and western China, from Mongolia, India and even America (e.g. ZHOU et al. 1991a, DOROFEYUK & TARASOV 1998, PETIT-MAIRE 1994, MoUGUiART et al. 1998), was clearly recorded as a dry period at the Eastern Juyanze basin too. This study confirms, that this cold and dry Mid Holocene spell was in fact a far-reaching, probably global event. Between about 5000 and 4100 cal. a BP, warm and humid conditions prevailed at most sites in the north of the Tibetan Plateau (e.g. WÜNNEMANN et al. 1998b), supported by high lake levels of the Lake Eastern Juyanze during that period. Simultaneously, the conditions remained rather dry on the southern Tibetan Plateau (e.g. FONTES et al. 1996), probably resulting from the weakening of the Indian monsoon. Climate deterioration occurred all over Central Asia between about 4100 and 3000 cal. a BP. Lake levels are generally regarded as decreasing during that period, soil formation around Qinghai Lake ceased and pronounced cold and dry spells were recorded at about 4100, 3800 and 3400 cal. a BP at several sites of Central Asia and by corresponding regressive events of Lake Eastern Juyanze (e.g. YAO & THOMPSON 1992, SHI et al. 1993, VAN CAMPO et al. 1996). A dramatic shift from cold and dry to warm conditions and a return to cold and dry conditions again was recorded about 3000 cal. a BP by the Dunde ice core (YAO & THOMPSON 1992) and caused rapid environmental fluctuations in the Eastern Juyanze basin. Lake Eastern Juyanze experienced three short-term episodes of desiccation between about 3200 and 2900 cal. a BP, but was re-established in between and afterwards. Glaciers of Central Asia advanced and the lakes displayed a non-uniform response (e.g. ZHOU et al. 1991a), probably due to different hydrological conditions and the presence and different response of glaciers in the respective catchment area. After 3000 cal. a BP, climate is regarded as generally colder and drier than before (LISTER et al. 1991, PETIT-MAIRE1994). However, a return to slightly warmer and more humid conditions led to rising lake levels and a new period of soil formation on the Loess Plateau between about 2700 and 2000 cal. a BP (FANG 1991, SHI et al. 1993). The sediments of the Eastem-Juyanze-section-A are not younger than about 2700 cal. a BP and have therefore not recorded environmental changes after that time, but the record of the Sogo Nur sections starts at about 2500 cal. a BP and was used to trace the Late Holocene climate evolution. Intermediate lake levels of the Sogo Nur between 2500 and 2000 cal. a BP also point to relatively humid conditions, but very low lake levels were established at about 1700 cal. a BP. This coincides with colder and drier conditions between about 2000 and 1500 cal. a BP, indicated by lake records of eastern China, the Tibetan Plateau and the Dunde ice core (e.g. FENG et al. 1993, GASSE et al. 1996, Liu et al. 1998). Another period of relatively warm and humid conditions occurred between about 1400 and 700 cal. a BP (e.g. Liu et al. 1993), interrupted by a short-term regression of the Sogo Nur at about 1000 cal. a BP. This temporary drop of the water level of Sogo Nur corresponds to a drastic cooling event. Lowest temperatures for the last 4000 years were inferred from the Dunde ice core at that time (YAO & THOMPSON 1992). A short period of relatively warm and humid conditions was recorded about 800 cal. a BP (e.g. Liu et al. 1998) and caused high lake levels of the Sogo Nur again. Colder and drier conditions predominated afterwards in eastern China as well as in the continental interior between about 400 and 75 cal. a BP (1550-1875 AD, ZHOU et al. 1991a, FENG et al. 1993) and are related to the Little Ice Age, which was recorded at sites all over the northern hemisphere (LAMB 1977). In contrast, the last 100 years are characterised by relatively warm conditions in China. The environmental fluctuations of the Mid to Late Holocene Lake Eastern Juyanze were regarded as virtually unaffected by human activities and thus, entirely driven by climate. Nonetheless, rapid lake level fluctuations were recorded which gave rise to drastic changes of the lake area due to the flat morphology of the Eastern Juyanze basin. Surprisingly, short-term desiccation events were recorded about 3000 cal. a BP at the site of the main section. However, it was not possible to assess the environmental conditions of the neighbouring topographically-closed basin lakes at that time. Late Holocene environmental fluctuations of the Sogo Nur were relatively dramatic as well. Very shallow levels were recorded at about 1700 cal. a BP and attributed to cold and dry climatic conditions, reported from other sites of Central Asia (Gu et al. 1993, GASSE et al. 1996). At least sub-littoral conditions of the Sogo Nur (water depth 〉 10 m) prevailed in the subsequent period between 1500 and 400 cal. a BP, but it was not possible on the base of the investigations at the Sogo Nur, to prove or deny the merging of the lakes Sogo Nur and Gaxun Nur in Holocene times. The hydrological balance of Sogo Nur was probably not affected by withdrawal of water for irrigation purposes before the Tang Dynasty (618-906 AD, CHEN et a. 1999). The short-term regressive event at about 1000 cal. a BP (950 AD) coincides with a period of increased agricultural population in the catchment area (Chen et a. 1999) as well as a climate spell of cold and dry conditions (YAO & THOMPSON 1992). Similarly, the decrease of the lake level after 700 cal. a BP (1250 AD) may either reflect the simultaneous increase of the agricultural population in the catchment area or the gradual shift towards cooler ands drier conditions during that period or both. Thus, it was not possible to distinguish between climate-driven and man-made fluctuations of the environment of the Sogo Nur.
    Description: Die Umweltverhältnisse des östlichen Juyanze- und des Sogo-Nur-Beckens im mittleren und späten Holozän wurden anhand der Ostracoden- Vergesellschaftung, des Schalen-Chemismus, anhand sedimentologischer und palynologischer Befunde und anhand des Auftretens weiterer Fossilien (z.B. von Mollusken und einer großen Diatomeen- Art) rekonstruiert. Die darüber hinaus abgeleiteten Klimaverhältnisse wurden im Vergleich zu anderen, bereits existierenden Klima-Rekonstruktionen aus NW-China und Zentralasien diskutiert. Eine kurze Zusammenfassung wird im Folgenden gegeben. Die Periode maximaler Feuchtigkeit (das chinesische Hypsithermal bzw. das Atlantikum in Europa), an anderen Lokalitäten etwa zwischen 8000 und 6000 J.v.h. belegt (u.a. LISTER et al. 1991, GASSE et al. 1996, Liu et al. 1998), wurde weder durch das Haupt-Profil im östlichen Juyanze-Becken noch im Sogo-Nur-Becken erfasst. Die Sedimente des am detailliertesten untersuchten Profiles (Eastern-Juyanze-section-A) decken den Zeitraum zwischen 5400 und 2700 Jahren vor heute (J.v.h. = kalibrierte 14C-Jahre vor 1950 bzw. Kalenderjahre vor 1950) ab, während die untersuchten Profile am Sogo Nur den Zeitraum von 2500 bis ca. 400 J.v.h. umfassen. Die an die Periode maximaler Feuchtigkeit anschließende, trocken-kalte Klimaphase vor etwa 5400 J.v.h., die an vielen Lokalitäten Ost- und Westchinas, der Mongolei, Indiens und selbst Amerikas abgeleitet wurde (u.a. ZHOU et al. 1991a, DOROFEYUK & TARASOV 1998, PETIT-MAIRE 1994, MOUGUIART et al. 1998), konnte als trockene Periode im östlichen Juyanze-Becken eindeutig ermittelt werden. Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen stützen die Auffassung, dass diese trocken-kalte Klimaperiode im mittleren Holozän ein einschneidendes Klima-Ereignis von möglicherweise globaler Tragweite war. Für den Zeitraum zwischen etwa 5000 und 4100 J.v.h. wurden warme und humide Verhältnisse an den meisten Lokalitäten nördlich des Tibet-Plateaus rekonstruiert (z.B. WÜNNEMANN et al. 1998b). Diese Annahme wird durch die Rekonstruktion hoher Seespiegel des östlichen Juyanze-Sees für den entsprechenden Abschnitt des Holozäns gestützt. Aufgrund der vermutlich schon deutlichen Abschwächung des indischen Monsuns waren die Umweltbedingungen im südlichen Tibet während dieser Zeit relativ trocken. Eine Klimaverschlechterung wurde für Zentralasien zwischen etwa 4100 und 3000 J.v.h. festgestellt. Die Seespiegel gingen im allgemeinen zurück, die Bodenbildung am Qinghai-See setzte aus und besonders ausgeprägte, trocken-kalte Verhältnisse wurden um 4100, 3800 und 3400 J.v.h. an verschiedenen Lokalitäten Zentralasiens dokumentiert (u.a. SHI et al. 1993, YAO & THOMPSON 1992, VAN CAMPO et al. 1996), die zeitgleich mit Seespiegelabsenkungen des östlichen Juyanze-Sees auftraten. Ein dramatischer Klimawechsel von trocken-kalten zu warmen Verhältnissen und wieder zu trocken-kalten Bedingungen wurde vor etwa 3000 J.v.h. im Eis des Dunde-Gletschers aufgezeichnet (YAO & THOMPSON 1992), der erhebliche Umweltveränderungen im östlichen Juyanze-Becken auslöste. Dort erfolgte ein dreimaliges Austrocknen des östlichen Juyanze-Sees mit zwischenzeitlichem und nachfolgendem Seespiegelanstieg zwischen etwa 3200 und 2900 J.v.h. Gletschervorstöße traten in den zentralasiatischen Gebirgen auf, und die Seen dieser Region reagierten vermutlich aufgrund unterschiedlicher hydrologischer Verhältnisse, in Abhängigkeit vom Vorhandensein und der Dynamik der Gletscher in den jeweiligen Einzugsgebieten, uneinheitlich (z.B. ZHOU et al. 1991a). Ab dem Zeitpunkt 3000 J.v.h. wird das Klima im allgemeinen als kälter und trockener als zuvor aufgefasst (LiSTER et al. 1991, PETIT-MAIRE 1994). Ein Klima-Umschwung zu etwas wärmeren und feuchteren Bedingungen führte jedoch zu steigenden Seespiegeln und einsetztender Bodenbildung auf dem Löss-Plateau zwischen etwa 2700 und 2000 J.v.h. (FANG 1991, SHI et al. 1993). Da die Sedimente des Profils , Eastern-Juyanze-section-A ‘ nicht jünger als etwa 2700 J.v.h. sind, lassen sich diese Verhältnisse nicht mehr aufgrund der Befunde vom östlichen Juyanze-Becken belegen. Das Profil vom Sogo Nur setzt dagegen mit etwa 2500 J.v.h. ein, so dass im Folgenden die Ergebnisse vom Sogo Nur für die Rekonstruktion des Klimas im späten Holozän herangezogen werden. Mittlere Seespiegel des Sogo Nur wurden für den Zeitraum von 2500 bis 2000 J.v.h. rekonstruiert und deuten ebenfalls auf relativ humide Verhältnisse hin, jedoch kam es bald darauf zur Ausbildung eines sehr flachen Sees um etwa 1700 J.v.h. Diese Phase eines sehr niedrigen Seespiegels korreliert mit trocken-kalten Klimabedingungen zwischen etwa 2000 und 1500 J.v.h., die sich anhand von See-Rekonstruktionen in Ost-China, vom Tibet-Plateau und anhand des Dunde-Eiskems nachweisen ließen (u.a. FENG et al. 1993, GASSE et al. 1996, Liu et al. 1998). Eine weitere Periode relativ warmer und feuchter Verhältnisse schloss sich etwa zwischen 1400 und 700 J.v.h. an (z.B. Liu et al. 1993), die durch eine Regression des Sogo Nur um 1000 J.v.h. unterbrochen wurde. Diese zeitweilige Seespiegelabsenkung fällt mit einem drastischen Abkühlungsereignis zusammen, für das aufgrund der Untersuchungen des Dunde-Eiskems die niedrigsten Temperaturen während der letzten 4000 Jahre angenommen werden müssen (YAO & THOMPSON 1992). Eine kurze Periode warmer und humider Verhältnisse (z.B. Liu et al. 1998) führte zur Ausbildung hoher Seespiegel am Sogo Nur vor etwa 800 J.v.h. Kalte, trockene Bedingungen beherrschten Ost-China und das Landesinnere während der nachfolgenden Periode von etwa 400 und 75 J.v.h. (1550-1875 AD, ZHOU et al. 1991a, FENG et al. 1993) die der auf der gesamten Nordhalbkugel nachgewiesenen ,Kleinen Eiszeit’ entspricht (LAMB 1977). Die letzten 100 Jahre in China waren im Gegensatz dazu durch warme Verhältnisse gekennzeichnet. Die Umweltveränderungen des östlichen Juyanze-Sees im mittleren bis späten Holozän wurden ausschließlich klimatisch gesteuert, der menschliche Einfluss kann für diesen Zeitraum vernachlässigt werden. Trotzdem traten drastische Seespiegelfluktuationen auf, die im flachen östlichen Juyanze-Becken zu enormen Schwankungen der Seefläche geführt haben müssen. Erstaunlicherweise wurden an der Lokalität des Profils ,Eastern- Juyanze-section-A‘ auch Trockenfall-Perioden des östlichen Juyanze-Sees um etwa 3000 J.v.h. nachgewiesen. Im Zuge der vorliegenden Arbeiten war es jedoch nicht möglich, die Umweltbedingungen der benachbarten Seebecken des Hei Flusses zu diesem Zeitpunkt zu untersuchen. Die Umweitveränderungen des Sogo Nur im späten Holozän waren ebenfalls beträchtlich. Ein sehr flacher Seespiegel existierte vor etwa 1700 J.v.h., zu einem Zeitpunkt, zu dem trocken-kalte Bedingungen für Zentralasien nachgewiesen wurden (Gu et al. 1993, GASSE et al. 1996). Sublitorale Bedingungen (Wassertiefe 〉10 m) herrschten im gesamten nachfolgenden Zeitabschnitt von 1500 bis 400 J.v.h. vor, jedoch war es nicht möglich, anhand der vorliegenden Befunde auf den Zusammenschluss von Gaxun Nur und Sogo Nur im Holozän zu schließen bzw. diesen auszuschließen. Ein erheblicher Eingriff in das hydrologische Gleichgewicht des Sogo Nur erfolgte vermutlich erst durch die Ableitung von Wasser für Bewässerungszwecke während der Tang-Dynastie (618-906 AD, CHEN et a. 1999). Die Seespiegelabsenkung des Sogo Nur um etwa 1000 J.v.h. (950 AD) könnte demnach einerseits durch die Zunahme der agrarischen Bevölkerung im Einzugsgebiet hervorgerufen worden sein (Chen et a. 1999), andererseits jedoch auch auf die Ausbildung trocken-kalter Klimabedingungen zu diesem Zeitpunkt zurückgeführt werden (Yao & Thompson 1992). In ähnlicher Weise könnte der Rückgang des Seespiegels nach etwa 700 J.v.h. (1250 AD) auf den festgestellten Anstieg der Landwirtschaft betreibenden Bevölkerung hindeuten, in gleicher Weise jedoch auch im Zusammenhang mit der allgemeinen Klimaverschlechterung, hin zu kühleren, trockneren Bedingungen, stehen. Aufgrund des möglichen Zusammenwirkens klimatischer und anthropogener Trends war es nicht möglich, den Einfluss beider Faktoren auf die Umweltveränderungen des Sogo Nur in den vergangenen 1000 Jahren voneinander getrennt zu beurteilen.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:560 ; Palökologie ; Holozän ; Paläoklima ; Ostracoda ; Stabile Isotope ; China ; Spurenelemente
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:book
    Format: 136
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    Fachbereich Geowiss., FU, Berlin
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Description: Tertiär-Block [:] Helmut Keupp & Spyridon M. Bellas (in Zusammenarbeit mit Jan Bartholdy und Dimitris Frydas): Neogene development of the sedimentary basins of NW Crete island, Chania Prefecture, South Aegean Arc System (Greece) …3 ; Dimitris Frydas & Helmut Keupp: Biostratigraphical and paleoecological research of Lower Pliocene diatoms and silicoflagellates from northwestern Crete, Greece …119 ; Wilfried Krutzsch: Stratigraphische Tabelle Oberoligozän und Neogen (marin - kontinental) ...153 ; Glenn Fechner: Eine Dinoflagellaten-Zysten-Flora aus der ehern. Ziegeleitongrube bei Welsow (nordöstl. Mark Brandenburg) ...167 ; Rolf Kohring & Thomas Schlüter: Über ein fossiles Harz aus einer Braunkohle (?Eozän) von Gibbsland und Anglesey (Victoria, S-Australien) ...177 ; Mollusken-Block [:] Joachim Gründel, Thierry Pélissié & Michel Guérin: Brackwasser-Gastropoden des mittleren Doggers von la Balme (Causses du Quercy, Südfrankreich) ...185 ; Joachim Gründel: Archaeogastropoda aus dem Dogger Norddeutschlands und des nordwestlichen Polens ...205 ; Joachim Gründel: Gordenellidae n. fam., eine neue Gastropoden-Familie aus dem Dogger und Malm Europas ...255 ; Steffen Kiel & Klaus Bandel: New slit-bearing Archaeogastropoda from the Late Cretaceous of Spain ...269 ; Helmut Keupp: Anomale Muskelleisten bei Ammoniten ...279 ; Thomas Küchler: Nostoceras (Euskadiceras) euskadiense a new ammonite subgenus and species from the higher Upper Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) of northern Spain ...291 ; []
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:560 ; Paläobiologie ; Paläontologie
    Language: German , English
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  • 4
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Call number: PIK 24-95568
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XV, 296 S. , graph. Darst.
    Edition: Repr.
    ISBN: 0521424658 , 0521373980
    Series Statement: Historical perspectives on modern economics
    Language: English
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 265 - 280
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  • 5
    Call number: AWI Bio-00-0281
    In: Flora of the Russian Arctic, Volume III
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume - the third of six - continues the first comprehensive English-language flora of the Russian Arctic. Flora of the Russian Arctic translates Arkticheskaya Flora SSSR, the authoritative work of botanists of the komarov Botanical Institute prepared under the editorship of A. I. Tolmachev and B. A. Yurtsev. This unexcerpted translation was prepared by distinguished systematist G. C. D. Griffiths under the editorship of J. G. Packer, Professor Emeritus of Botany at the University of Alberta. It represents the first time this work has been made available in a language other than Russian. This third volume of Flora of the Russian Arctic describes the nine families here listed. Together, the six volumes in the series will treat some 360 genera, 1650 species and 220 infraspecific taxa, including many new combinations and previously undescribed species and subspecies. The original distribution maps and detailed keys to genera and species complement the species discussions. The Russian Arctic spans 160 degrees of longitude, from the Norwegian frontier to the Bering Strait. The comprehensive content and accomplished scholarship of this work, along with the size of the area covered, make Flora of the Russian Arctic an essential part of any botanical library.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXXV, 472 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: First English edition
    ISBN: 3443500242
    Series Statement: Flora of the Russian Arctic : a critical review of the vascular plants occurring in the Arctic region of the former Soviet Union 3
    Uniform Title: Arktičeskaja flora SSSR
    Language: English , Latin
    Note: Contents Acknowledgements Editor's Preface Translator's Preface Preface to Volume V of the Russian Edition, Salicaceae-Portulacaceae Preface to Volume VI of the Russian Edition, Caryophyllaceae-Ranunculaceae Abbreviations Used in Citing Floristic and Systematic Literature FAMILY XX / Salicaceae — Willow Family GENUS 1 / Populus - Poplar GENUS 2 / Chosenia - Chosenia GENUS 3 / Salix - Willow FAMILY XXI / Betulaceae — Birch Family GENUS 1 / Betula - Birch GENUS 2 / Alnaster - Green Alder GENUS 3 / Alnus - Alder FAMILY XXII / Urticaceae — Nettle Family GENUS 1 / Urtica - Nettle FAMILY XXIII / Polygonaceae — Buckwheat Family GENUS 1 / Oxyria - Mountain Sorrel GENUS 2 / Rumex - Dock, Sorrel GENUS 3 / Rheum - Rhubarb GENUS 4 / Koenigia - Koenigia GENUS 5 / Polygonum - Knotweed, Smartweed FAMILY XXIV / Chenopodiaceae — Goosefoot Family GENUS 1 / Chenopodium - Goosefoot GENUS 2 / Monolepis - Monolepis GENUS 3 / Atriplex - Orache GENUS 4 / Corispermum - Bugseed FAMILY XXV / Portulacaceae — Purslane Family GENUS 1 / Claytonia - Spring Beauty GENUS 2 / Montia - Blinks FAMILY XXVI / Caryophyllaceae — Pink Family GENUS 1 / Stellaria - Chickweed, Stitchwort GENUS 2 / Cerastium - Mouse-ear Chickweed GENUS 3 / Sagina - Pearlwort GENUS 4 / Minuartia - Minuartia GENUS 5 / Honkenya - Sea Sandwort GENUS 6 / Arenaria - Sandwort GENUS 7 / Moehringia - Groue Sandwort GENUS 8 / Merckia - Mercfo'a GENUS 9 / Spergula - Corn Spurry GENUS 10 / Spergularia - Sand Spurry GENUS 11 / Agrostemma - Corn Cockle GENUS 12 / Viscaria - Catchfly GENUS 13 / Silene - Campion GENUS 14 / Lychnis - Lychnis GENUS 15 / Coronaria - Ragged Robin GENUS 16 / Gastrolychnis - Gastrolychnis GENUS 17 / Gypsophila - Baby's-breath GENUS 18 / Dianthus - Pink FAMILY XXVII / Faeoniaceae — Peony Family GENUS 1 /Paeonia - Peony FAMILY XXVIII / Ranunculaceae — Buttercup Family GENUS 1 / Caltha - Marsh Marigold GENUS 2 / Trollius - Globe Flower GENUS 2a / Coptis - Goldthread GENUS 3 / Aquilegia - Columbine GENUS 4 / Delphinium - Larkspur GENUS 5 / Aconitum - Monkshood GENUS 6 7 Anemone - Anemone GENUS 7 / Pulsatilla - Pasque Flower GENUS 8 / Atragene - Alpine Clematis GENUS 9 / Oxygraphis - Oxygraphis GENUS 10 / Beckwithia - Beckwithia GENUS 11 / Batrachium - White Water Crowfoot GENUS 12 / Ranunculus - Buttercup GENUS 13 / Thalictrum - Meadow Rue APPENDIX I / Summary of Data on the Geographical Distribution of Vascular Plants of the Soviet Arctic TABLE 5 / Distribution of Vascular Plants of the Soviet Arctic, Salicaceae-Ranunculaceae Index of Plant Names
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  • 6
    Call number: PIK N 456-02-0024 ; AWI G4-23-3750
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 84 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Acknowledgements Executive Summary with Key Findings and Recommendations Current State of the Art Key Scientific Challenges and Recommendations Major New Synthesis Initiative Required Implementation of Arctic-CHAMP Policy Implications Summary 1. Introduction Rationale for Pan-Arctic Hydrologic Synthesis Report Framework 2. A Strategy for Detecting and Understanding Arctic Hydrological Change: Arctic-CHAMP Arctic-CHAMP Basic Long-Term Monitoring Arctic-CHAMP Field-Based Process Studies Arctic-CHAMP Synthesis Modeling Execution of Arctic-CHAMP 3. Role and Importance of Water in the Arctic System The Integrated Water Cycle of the Pan-Arctic Land Atmosphere Ocean Importance of Arctic Hydrology to the Arctic System Importance of the Arctic to the Earth System 4. Unprecedented Change to Arctic Hydrological Systems Changes to the Land-Based Hydrologic Cycle Changes to the Atmosphere The Changing Arctic Ocean and its Regional Seas 5. Impacts and Feedbacks Associated with Arctic Hydrological Change Direct Impacts on Ecosystems Arctic Water Cycle Change and Humans Land-Atmosphere-Ocean Feedbacks Land-Atmosphere-Ocean-Human Feedbacks 6. Implementation of Arctic-CHAMP References Appendix 1. NSF-ARCSS Arctic Hydrology Workshop Participants Appendix 2. Current Gaps in Understanding the Pan-Arctic Hydrological Cycle Appendix 3. Integration of Arctic-CHAMP with NSF and Other Federal Agency Initiatives Appendix 4. International Collaborations
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  • 7
    Call number: S 99.0054(91) ; ZSP-320(B,91)
    In: Geologisches Jahrbuch : Reihe B, Regionale Geologie Ausland, Heft 91
    In: Polar issue, No. 7
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 773 Seiten , Illustrationen , 1 Kartenbeilage, 1 Errata
    ISBN: 3510958349 , 3-510-95834-9
    ISSN: 0341-6402
    Series Statement: Geologisches Jahrbuch : Reihe B, Regionale Geologie Ausland 91
    Classification:
    Regional Geology
    Language: English
    Note: Contents INTRODUCTION Objectives of the Investigations / FRANZ TESSENSOHN ARCHITECTURE OF THE FOLD-AND-THRUST BELT Northern Segment Explanatory Notes to the Geological Map of Brøggerhalvøya and Blomstrandhalvøya 1 : 40,000 / FRIEDHELM THIEDIG, KERSTIN SAALMANN & KARSTEN PIEPJOHN Nappe Stacking on Brøggerhalvøya, NW Spitsbergen / KARSTEN PIEPJOHN, FRIEDHELM THIEDIG & GEOFF M. MANBY Foreland-Thrust Belt Relationships SE of Kongsfjorden and the Function of the Pretender Fault / FRANZ TESSENSOHN, KARSTEN PIEPJOHN & FRIEDHELM THIEDIG Emergence of Basement-Dominated Nappes in Oscar II Land: Implications for Shortening Estimates / GEOFF M. MANBY & NIKOS LYBERIS The Southern Margin of the Belt of Emergent Thrusting on the North Coast of Isfjorden / KARSTEN PIEPJOHN & WERNER VON GOSEN Permo-Carboniferous Slivers Infolded in the Basement of Western Oscar II Land / FRANZ TESSENSOHN, WERNER VON GOSEN & KARSTEN PIEPJOHN Central Segment Basement-Cored Folds in Nordenskiold Land / NIKOS LYBERIS & GEOFF M. MANBY Involvement of Basal Tertiary Strata in the Fold-Belt Deformation in Nordenskiold Land / WERNER VON GOSEN, HANS-JURGEN PAECH & KARSTEN PIEPJOHN Thrust Tectonics North of Van Keulenfjorden / WERNER VON GOSEN & KARSTEN PIEPJOHN Structure of the West Spitsbergen Fold-and-Thrust Belt in Wedel Jarlsberg Land / GEOFF M. MANBY & NIKOS LYBERIS Southern Segment Polyphase Deformation in the Eastern Hornsund Area / WERNER VON GOSEN & KARSTEN PIEPJOHN Decollement Structures in the Triassic South of Hornsund / FRANZ TESSENSOHN, FRIEDHELM THIEDIG, GEOFF M. MANBY & NIKOS LYBERIS Involvement of the Hornsund High in the Fold-Belt Deformation / FRIEDHELM THIEDIG, GEOFF M. MANBY & KARSTEN PIEPJOHN Structural Setting of the West Spitsbergen Fold-and-Thrust Belt in Southern Sørkapp Land / WERNER VON GOSEN, KARSTEN PIEPJOHN & HANS-JÜRGEN PAECH Stress Patterns in the West Spitsbergen Fold-and-Thrust Belt / GEOFF M. MANBY & NIKOS LYBERIS Role of the Tertiary Compressive Structures in the Central Basin, Spitsbergen / HANS-JÜRGEN PAECH The Relationship of the Ny-Alesund Tertiary to the West Spitsbergen Fold-and-Thrust Belt / KARSTEN PIEPJOHN, KERSTIN SAALMANN, FRIEDHELM THIEDIG & HANS-JÜRGEN PAECH Structures in the Tertiary Sediments of the Forlandsundet Graben / WERNER VON GOSEN & HANS-JÜRGEN PAECH Coalification in Post-Caledonian Sediments on Spitsbergen / HANS-JÜRGEN PAECH & JOACHIM KOCH TIMING Paleontology Paleogene Calcareous Nannofossils from the Firkanten and Sarsbukta Formations on Spitsbergen / PAVEL CEPEK Conflicting Interpretations of the Tertiary Biostratigraphy of Spitsbergen and New Palynological Results / PAVEL CEPEK & WILFRIED KRUTZSCH New Biostratigraphic Data from West Spitsbergen Based on Conodonts / FRIEDRICH W. LUPPOLD Conodont Stratigraphy of the Carboniferous and Permian Strata from Brøggerhalvøya and the Billefjorden Trough / WERNER BUGGISCH, MICHAEL JOACHIMSKI, HARALD LÜTZNER, FRIEDHELM THIEDIG & HEIKO HÜNEKE An Upper Cretaceous Microflora from Spitsbergen / WILFRIED KRUTZSCH Isotope Geochronology K/Ar Dating Attempts on Rocks from the West Spitsbergen Fold-and-Thrust Belt and the Central Basin / FRANZ TESSENSOHN, FRIEDHELM HENJES-KUNST & STEFAN KRUMM CONCLUSION The Evolution of the West Spitsbergen Fold-and-Thrust Belt / CASE TEAM , Zusammenfassungen in englischer, deutscher und russischer Sprache
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  • 8
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    Amsterdam : Elsevier Science/Butterworth-Heinemann
    Call number: 0750674571 (e-book)
    Description / Table of Contents: 'The Diversity Scorecard' is designed to provide step-by-step instructions, worksheets and examples to help diversity executives and managers analyze and track the impact of their diversity initiatives to mobilize the organization for strategic culture change. Diversity is not a program; it is a systemic process of organizational change that requires measurement for organizational improvement and success. Measuring the progress and results of diversity initiatives is a key strategic requirement to demonstrate its contribution to organizational performance. Diversity executives, professionals and managers know they must begin to show how diversity is linked to the bottom-line in hard numbers or they will have difficulty maintaining funds, gaining support, and obtaining resources to generate progress. Many organizations collect some type of diversity-related data today, even if it focuses only on Affirmative Action statistics. "The Diversity Scorecard" focuses on tools and techniques to make sure diversity professionals are collecting and measuring the right type of data that will help ensure the organization"s success both now and in the future. This book helps the reader spend some time thinking about what they currently measure and adding new measures to a database to track progress towards their diversity vision. The basic premises of this book are that it is important to develop measures that focus on the past, present, and future; and that measures need to consider the needs of the organization"s diverse workforce, its work climate, diverse customers, the community, and shareholders. Part I of "The Diversity Scorecard" identifies the need for diversity measurement highlighting a business case for diversity and providing an introduction to diversity measurement. Part II of the book outlines the diversity return on investment (DROI) process taking you through step-by-step processes and techniques. Part III teaches you how to use measures in six key categories - Diversity Leadership Commitment, Workforce Profile Representation, Workplace Climate, Learning & Growth, Diverse Customer / Community Partnerships, and Financial Impact - to build a diversity scorecard that is aligned and linked with the business strategy of the organization. Finally, in Part IV, Dr. Hubbard discusses implementation issues involving strategic change procedures and techniques to avoid the pitfalls inherent in a diversity-based cultural transition process.
    Type of Medium: 12
    Pages: xviii, 348 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest, 2015. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest affiliated libraries.
    ISBN: 1-4175-0785-3 , 978-1-4175-0785-6 , 0-7506-7457-1 , 978-0-7506-7457-7
    Series Statement: Improving human performance series
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Part I: The Need for Diversity Management Chapter 1 - The Business Case for Diversity Chapter 2 - Introduction to Diversity Measurement Part II: The Diversity Return-on-Investment (DROI) Process Chapter 3 - Introduction to the Diversity ROI Process Chapter 4 - Planning and Collecting Data Chapter 5 - Evaluating Diversity's Contribution Chapter 6 - Track and Assess Progress Part III: Building a Diversity Scorecard Chapter 7 - Basic Diversity Scorecard Components Chapter 8 - Diversity Leadership Commitment Perspective Chapter 9 - Workforce Profile Perspective Chapter 10 - Workplace Culture/Climate Perspective Chapter 11 - Learning and Growth Perspective Chapter 12 - Diverse Customer/Community Partnership Perspective Chapter 13 - Financial Impact Perspective Chapter 14 - Building Your Diversity Scorecard Part IV: Implementation Issues Chapter 15 - Achieving Strategic Alignment from Top to Bottom Chapter 16 - Implementing the Diversity Scorecard Process Appendix A - Hubbard Diversity Measurement and Productivity (DM&P) Institute: Creating Applied Sciences for Measuring Diversity Performance and Results Index About the Author
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  • 9
    Call number: AWI G8-23-95155
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 59 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Language: English
    Note: Contents 1.0 PROGRAM GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 2.0 BACKGROUND 2.1 THE CANADIAN FOREST FIRE DANGER RATING SYSTEM'S FIRE WEATHER lNDEX 2.2 C-BAND SAR BACKSCATTER FROM BURNED BOREAL FORESTS 2.3 C-BAND SAR BACKSCATTER FROM UNBURNED BOREAL FORESTS 2.4 PREVIOUS FIRE-DANGER ANALYSIS USING ERS-SAR DATA 3.0 PROJECT SITE DESCRIPTIONS AND SAMPLING STRATEGY 3.1 STUDY AREA DESCRIPTIONS 3.2 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH 4.0 RESULTS OF FIELD MEASUREMENTS 4.1 PERMANENT SITES 4.2 SURFACE MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS 5.0 RESULTS OF SAR VERSUS FIRE DANGER CODES 5.1 ANALYSIS OF DONNELLY FLATS SAR BACKSCATTER VERSUS FIRE CODES 5.2 ANALYSIS OF SAR BACKSCATTER FROM 1HE HAJDUKOVICH CREEK 94 BURN VERSUS FIRE DANGER 5.3 COMBINATION OF TOK, HAJDUKOVICH CREEK, AND DONNELLY FLATS BACKSCATTER FOR FIRE DANGER ASSESSMENT 6.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 6.0 OUTREACH ACTIVITIES REFERENCES Figures 1,3,4,5
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  • 10
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    Unknown
    IUGG Secretariat, CIRES Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado
    In:  IUGG Annual Report
    Publication Date: 2023-03-02
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 11
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    IUGG Secretariat, CIRES Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado
    In:  IUGG Annual Report
    Publication Date: 2023-03-02
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 12
    Call number: AWI G3-22-95060
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 676 Seiten , Illustrationen , 27 cm
    ISBN: 1566704618 (alk. paper)
    Series Statement: Advances in soil science
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Section I - Introduction Chapter 1 - Methods for Assessing Soil C Pools / J.M Kimble, R. Lal and R.F Follett Section II - Soil Sampling and Sample Preparation Chapter 2 - Methodology for Sampling and Preparation for Soil Carbon Determination / J.M Kimble, R.B. Grossman and S.E. Samson-Liebig Chapter 3 - Importance of Soil Bulk Density and Methods of Its Measurement / R. Lal and J.M Kimble Chapter 4 - The Effects of Terrain Position and Elevation on Soil C in the Southern Appalachians / P. V Bolstad and J.M Vose Chapter 5 - Approaching "Functional" Soil Organic Matter Pools through Particle-Size Fractionation: Examples for Tropical Soils / C. Feller, J. Balesdent, B. Nicolardot and C. Cerri Chapter 6 - Spatial Variability: Enhancing the Mean Estimate of Organic and Inorganic Carbon in a Sampling Unit / P. Wilding, L.R. Drees and L. C. Nordt Chapter 7 - Assessment of Soil Organic Carbon Using the U.S. Soil Survey / R.B. Grossman, D.S. Harms, D.F. Kingsbury, R.K Shaw and A.B. Jenkins Cbapter 8 - Organic Carbon Methods, Microbial Biomass, Root Biomass and Sampling Design under Development by NRCS / C.D. Franks, J.M Kimble, S.E. Samson-Liebig and TM Sobecki Section III - Assessment of Carbon Pools Chapter 9 - Characterization of Soil Organic Carbon Pools / HH Cheng and J.M Kimble Chapter 10 - Measuring and Comparing Soil Carbon Storage / B.H Ellert, HH Janzen andB. McConkey Chapter 11 - Estimating Total System C in Smallhold Farming Systems of the East African Highlands / P.L. Woomer, NK Karanja, and E.W. Murage Chapter 12 - Assessment and Significance of Labile Organic C Pools in Forest Soils / P.K Khanna, B. Ludwig, J. Bauhus and C. O'Hara Section IV - Assessment and Analytical Techniques Chapter 13 - Interlaboratory Carbon Isotope Measurements on Five Soils / R.F. Follett and E.G. Pruessner Chapter 14 - The Determination of Soil C Pool Sizes and Turnover Rates: Biophysical Fractionation and Tracers / E.A. Paul, SJ Morris and S. Bohm Chapter 15 - Ecozone and Soil Profile Screening for C-Residence Time, Rejuvenation, Bomb 14C Photosynthetic 613C Changes / H W. Scharpenseel, E.M Pfeiffer and P. Becker-Heidmann Chapter 16 - Use of 13C Isotopes to Determine Net Carbon Sequestration in Soil under Ambient and Elevated CO2 / W.R. Horwath, C: van Kessel, U Hartwig and D. Harris Chapter 17 - Methods Using Amino Sugars as Markers for Microbial Residues in Soil / W. Amelung Chapter 18 - Characterization of Soil Organic Matter / C.L. Ping, G.J. Michaelson, X Y Dai and R.J. Candler Chapter 19 - Fractionating Soil in Stable Aggregates Using a Rainfall Simulator / G.C. Starr, R. Lal and J.M Kimble Chapter 20 - Toward an Efficient Method for Measuring Total Organic Carbon Stocks in Forests / G.R. Smith Chapter 21 - Soil Organic Matter Evaluation / R.A. Rossell, J.C. Gasparoni and J.A. Galantini Chapter 22 - The Development of the KMnO4 Oxidation Technique to Determine Labile Carbon in Soil and Its Use in a Carbon Management Index / G. Blair, R. Lefray, A. Whitbread, N Blair and A. Conteh Chapter 23 - Effects of Soil Morphological and Physical Properties on Estimation of Carbon Storage in Arctic Soils / G.J. Michaelson, C.L. Ping and J.M Kimble Chapter 24 - Estimation of Particulate and Total Organic Matter by Weight Loss-on-Ignition / C.A. Camberdella, A.M Gajda, J. W. Doran, B.J. Wienhold and T.A. Kettler Chapter 25 - Use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy to Determine Inorganic and Organic Carbon Fractions in Soil and Litter / B. Ludwig and P.K Khanna Chapter 26 - Development of Rapid Instrumental Methods for Measuring Soil Organic Carbon / G. W. McCarty and J.B. Reeves III Chapter 27 - Soil Quality Evaluations of Alternative and Conventional Management Systems in the Great Plains / A.M Gajda, J. W. Doran, T.A. Kettler, B.J. Wienhold, J.L. Pikul, Jr. and C.A. Cambardella Section V - Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Chapter 28 - 137Cs for Measuring Soil Erosion and Redeposition: Application for Understanding Soil Carbon / J.C. Ritchie Chapter 29 - Assessing the Impact of Erosion on Soil Organic Car\:〉0n Pools and Fluxes / G. C. Starr, R. Lal, JM Kimble and L. Owens Chapter 30 - Assessing Water Erosion Impacts on Soil Carbon Pools and Fluxes / P.A. Jacinthe, R. Lal and JM Kimble Chapter 31 - Soil Organic Carbon Erosion Assessment by Cesium-137 / Y. Hao, R. Lal, L.B. Owens and RC. Izaurralde Section VI - Modeling and Scaling Procedures Chapter 32 - A Simple Model to Estimate Soil Carbon Dynamics at the BOREAS Northern Study Area, Manitoba, Canada / G. Rapalee Chapter 33 - Methods Used to .Create the North American Soil Organic Carbon Digital Database / R. Lacelle, S. Waltman, N Bliss and F. Orozco-Chavez Chapter 34 - Basic Principles for Soil Carbon Sequestration and Calculating Dynamic Country-Level Balances Including Future Scenarios / O. Andren and T Kiitterer Chapter 35 - Examining the Carbon Stocks of Boreal Forest Ecosystems at Stand and Regional Scales / JS. Bhatti, MJ Apps and lL Jiang Chapter 36 - Predicting Broadscale CStores of Woody Detritus from Plot Data / ME. Harmon, 0.N Krankina, M Yatskov and E. Matthews Chapter 37 - Soil C Dynamics: Measurement, Simulation and Site-to-Region Scale-Up / R.C. Izaurralde, Kll Haugen-Kozyra, D.C. Jans, WB. McGill, R.F. Grant and JC. Hiley . Chapter 38 - Some Factors Affecting the Distribution of Carbon in Soils of a Dry land Agricultural System in Southwestern Australia / R.J Harper and R.J. Gilkes Chapter 39 - A National Inventory of Changes in Soil Carbon from National Resources Inventory Data / MD. Eve, K. Paustian, R. Follett and E.T. Elliott Section VII - Economics and Policy Issues Chapter 40 - Assessing the Economics of Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture / L. Tweeten, B. Sohngen and J Hopkins Chapter 41 - Climate Change Policy and the Agricultural Sector / D. Zilberman and D. Sunding Chapter 42 - Approaches to Assessing Carbon Credits and Identifying Trading Mechanisms / A. Manale Section VIII - Synthesis Chapter 43 - Methodological Challenges: Toward Balancing Soil C Pools and Fluxes / R. Lal, JM Kimble and R.F. Follett Index
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  • 13
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Wallingford : IAHS Press, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
    Associated volumes
    Call number: AWI G4-22-95045
    In: IAHS publication, 290
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VIII, 271 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 1901502821
    Series Statement: IAHS publication 290
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Preface / by Douglas L. Kane & Daqing Yang Overview of water balance determinations for high latitude watersheds / Douglas L. Kane & Daqing Yang Water balance of a snowy watershed in Hokkaido, Japan / Yoshiyuki Ishii, Yuji Kodama, Ryo Nakamura & Nobuyoshi Ishikawa Features of water balance for small mountainous watersheds in East Siberia: Kolyma Water Balance Station case study / Sergei A. Zhuravin Estimation of annual water balance in Siberian tundra using a new land surface model / Hiroyuki Hiroshima, Tetsuo Ohata, Yuji Kodama & Hironori Yabuki Summer water balance in an Arctic tundra basin, eastern Siberia / Yoshiyuki Ishii, Yuji Kodama, Norifumi Sato & Hironori Yabuki Water balance of small Russian catchments in the southern mountainous Taiga Zone: "Mogot" case study / Ninel G. Vasilenko Features of forest-steppe small basins water balance: the Nizhnedevitsk Water Balance Station case study / Sergei A. Zhuravin Water balances of experimental watersheds in the Valdai Branch of the State Hydrological Institute (SHI), Russia / J. A. Balonishnikova, O. I. Krestovsky & V. A. Shutov Extensive studies in boreal wetland watersheds in northwestern Russia / Vladimir A. Shutov Water balances of the northern catchments of Finland Pertti Seuna & Jarmo Linjama Water balance studies in two catchments on Spitsbergen, Svalbard / Ånund Killingtveit Estimation of water balance in and around the Mittivakkat Glacier basin, Ammassalik Island, southeast Greenland / Bent Hasholt & Sebastian H. Mernild Water balance in a west Greenlandic watershed Christian Helweg Queen Elizabeth Islands: water balance investigations / Kathy L. Young & Ming-Ko Woo Hydrological processes and water balance for the Dead Creek Watershed of southeastern Manitoba, 1982—1995 / Garry Thome & Janice Hawkins Evaporation studies in small NWT watersheds / Bob Reid & Derek Faria The water balance of wetland-dominated permafrost basins / W.L. Quinton, M. Hayashi, K. E. Blais, N. Wright & A. Peitroniro Wolf Creek Research Basin water balance studies / J. Richard Janowicz, Newell Hedstrom, John Pomeroy, Raoul Granger & Sean Carey A multi-year hydrological data set for two research basins in the Mackenzie Delta region, NW Canada / Philip Marsh, Cuyler Onclin & Mark Russell Water balance dynamics of three small catchments in a Sub-Arctic boreal forest / W. Robert Bolton, Larry Hinzman & Kenji Yoshikawa Hydrological cycle on the north slope of Alaska / Douglas L. Kane,Robert E. Gieck, Danielle C. Kitover, Larry D. Hinzman, James P. McNamara & Daqing Yang Queen Elizabeth Islands: problems associated with water balance research / Kathy L. Young & Ming-Ko Woo Winter streamflow as a source of uncertainty in water balance calculations / Stuart Hamilton Diagnostic model analysis of spatial mass, energy and melt distribution in a catchment in northeast Greenland / Carl Egede Boggild Key word index Author index
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  • 14
    Journal available for loan
    Journal available for loan
    Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck ; 1.1884 - 48.1931; N.F. 1.1932/33 - 10.1943/44(1945),3; 11.1948/49(1949) -
    Call number: ZS 22.95039
    Type of Medium: Journal available for loan
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1614-0974 , 0015-2218 , 0015-2218
    Language: German , English
    Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.
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  • 15
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: This manual sets out to be an instruction guide for the implementation of analyses according to the MIPS concept. MIPS stands for Material Input Per Service unit, a measure developed at the Wuppertal Institute, which serves as an indicator of precautionary environmental protection. However, this publication is not a comprehensive description of the methods used, but should rather be seen as supplementing existing publications, in particular, the MAIA Handbook. This practical guide contains additional information, which cannot be part of a methodological description, but which is indispensable for the practical work. This manual is directed at enterprises and persons, who wish to carry out MIPS or a material analysis in relation to products or services. It gives a general impression of what MIPS is, and how MIPS is calculated.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 16
    Call number: MR 22.94996
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: V, 92 Seiten , zahlreiche Illustrationen, graphische Darstellungen
    ISBN: 1-919908-12-9
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 17
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Montréal & Kingston : McGill-Queen's University Press
    Call number: AWI Bio-22-94779
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 97 Seiten , Illustrationen , 23 cm
    ISBN: 0-7735-2661-7
    Series Statement: Forest History Society issues series
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Overview Introduction 1 The Canadian Forest 2 Early Forest Use 3 Industrialization of the Forests 4 The Rise of Forest Conservation 5 Sustainable Forest Management Conclusion Sources Further Reading Index
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  • 18
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Oxford [u.a.] : Blackwell Scientific Publications
    Call number: MR 22.94942
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 390 Seiten , 1 gefaltetes sheet , Illustrationen, graphische Darstellungen, Karten
    Edition: 3. edition
    ISBN: 0-632-02953-6
    Series Statement: Geoscience texts
    Language: English
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  • 19
    Call number: S 90.0095(362)
    In: Special paper / The Geological Society of America, 362
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: VI, 230 Seiten , Illustrationen, graphische Darstellungen, Karten
    ISBN: 0-8137-2362-0
    Series Statement: Special paper / The Geological Society of America 362
    Language: English
    Note: Preface 1. Characteristics of volcanic rifted margins Martin A. Menzies, Simon L. Klemperer, Cynthia J. Ebinger, and Joel Baker 2. Crust and upper mantle structure in East Africa: Implications for the origin of Cenozoic rifting and volcanism and the formation of magmatic rifted margins Andrew A. Nyblade 3. Development of the Lebombo rifted volcanic margin of southeast Africa M.K. Watkeys 4. Extension and uplift of the northern Rio Grande Rift: Evidence from ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronology from the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, south-central Colorado and northern New Mexico Daniel P. Miggins, Ren A. Thompson, Charles L. Pillmore, Lawrence W. Snee, and Charles R. Stern 5. Lithospheric mantle beneath Arabia: A Pan-African protolith modified by the Afar and older plumes, rather than a source for continental flood volcanism? Joel Baker, Gilles Chazot, Martin A. Menzies, and Matthew Thirlwall 6. Petrogenesis of the Late Cretaceous tholeiitic magmatism in the passive margins of northeastern Madagascar Leone Melluso, Vincenzo Morra, Pietro Brotzu, Massimo D'Antonio, and Lucia Bennio 7. Silicic volcanism: An undervalued component of large igneous provinces and volcanic rifted margins Scott E. Bryan, Teal R. Riley, Dougal A. Jerram, Christopher J. Stephens, and Philip T Leat 8. Volcanology and fades architecture of flood basalts Dougal A. Jerram 9. East Greenland coast-parallel dike swarm and its role in continental breakup Martin Bromann Klausen and Hans Christian Larsen 10. Crustal architecture of South Atlantic volcanic margins W.U. Mohriak, B.R. Rosendahl, J.P. Turner, and S.C. Valente 11. Volcanic passive margin of Namibia: A potential fields perspective B. Corner, J. Cartwright, and R. Swart 12. Petrophysical modeling of high seismic velocity crust at the Namibian volcanic margin R.B. Trumbull, S.V. Sobolev, and K. Bauer
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    ARGE GMIT, Bonn
    In:  ARGE GMIT
    Publication Date: 2022-08-31
    Description: Die Ausgabe der Geowissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen vom Dezember 2001 enthält die Themenblöcke: Berufsleben: Der Geologische Landesdienst in Hessen, Chance: Das Jahr der Geowissenschaften 2002, Forschung: Größte deutsche Forschungsorganisation gegründet, Ausbildung: Neue Studiengäge in Oldenburg und Freiberg, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit: Die Situation der Naturwissenschaftlichen Sammlungen des Museums Wiesbaden
    Description: journal
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:550
    Language: German , English
    Type: doc-type:book
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  • 21
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    San Francisco, Calif. : Benjamin Cummings
    Call number: AWI Bio-22-94768
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xxix, 1247 Seiten , Illustrationen , 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.) , 29 cm
    Edition: 6th edition
    ISBN: 0805366245
    Language: English
    Note: System requirements for accompanying CD-ROM: Windows and Macintosh
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  • 22
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    GFZ Data Services
    Publication Date: 2022-03-28
    Description: Durchleuchtung der Litosphäre und des oberen Mantels mit Hilfe aktiver und passiver Seismologie (hier nur passiver Teil). Receiver Funktionen und SKS-Anisotropie Methoden sollen angewandt werden. Ziel ist die Rolle eines Mantelplumes in einem aktiven Kontinentalrand zu untersuchen. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code XC under CC-BY 4.0 license.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 23
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Lund : Lund University, Department of Quaternary Geology
    Call number: AWI G7-22-94738
    Description / Table of Contents: The North Taymyr ice-marginal zone (NTZ) on the Taymyr Peninsula, Arctic Siberia and the Ugleelv Valley on Jameson Land, East Greenland, have been investigated with the aim of reconstructing the glacial history, including depositional processes and environments. Geomorphological, sedimentological, stratigraphical and remote sensing methods have been combined to give a comprehensive view of developments in the two areas. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon (14 C) dates provide the chronological control. The Kara Sea shelf was glaciated three times during the Weichselian, each time with a smaller ice cover than before. The ice sheets caused a reversal of the fluvial drainage towards the south on the Taymyr Peninsula and, during the Early-Middle Weichselian, also the damming of proglacial lakes. The youngest ice-advance, but probably also the older ones, was warm-based and ‘surge-like’. After it had reached its maximum position, the margin froze to its base and compressional flow took place there. The North Taymyr ice-marginal zone (NTZ) was initiated during an Early Weichselian retreat stage (c. 80 ka BP) and added to during the Middle (c. 65 ka BP) and Late Weichselian (〈20 ka BP) ice advances, thus revealing a complex history. It comprises ice-marginal and supraglacial landsystems dominated by 2-3 km wide thrust-block moraines. Large areas are still underlain by remnant glacier ice and a supraglacial landscape with numerous ice-walled lakes and kames is forming even today. The proglacial landsystem is characterised by subaqueous or terrestrial environments, depending on altitude and time of formation. The sedimentary succession in the Ugleelv area comprises three tills, glaciolacustrine, glaciofluvial and aeolian sediments. The depositional history started in the early Saalian with a prograding delta in a lake dammed by an outlet glacier in Scoresby Sund. Soon thereafter, and also once during the Weichselian, Jameson Land was inundated by glaciers emanating from Liverpool Land in the east. These glaciers were warm-based and deposited glaciofluvial sediments, local tills and small end moraines. Conditions were less dynamic later in the glacial cycles. During most of the Weichselian the Ugleelv area was ice free and aeolian activity took place, but in the late Saalian the Greenland ice sheet expanded eastwards over the area. This ice was mainly cold- based but in places temporarily warm-based, where a lodgement till was deposited. During deglaciation there was substantial glaciofluvial erosion. The Kara Sea ice sheet and the Greenland ice sheet behave differently through a glacial cycle. The shelf-centred Kara Sea ice experiences large shifts in areal extent and disappears completely during interglacials. ‘Individual’ ice advances seem to be gover- ned by internal ice dynamics rather than by climatic changes. Contrary to this, the Greenland ice sheet is relatively stable and the climatically driven expansion or retreat of its outlet glaciers through the fjords represents the major changes.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: Getrennte Zählung , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 91-86746-48-0
    ISSN: 0281-3033
    Series Statement: Lundqua thesis 48
    Language: English
    Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Lund, Lund University, 2002 , Contents Introduction Study areas Methods Results - summaries of papers Fieldwork and authorship contributions Paper I Paper II Paper III Paper IV Discussion Glaciations and landsystems Ice-sheet limits The nature of glacial cycles Conclusions Implications and ideas for the future Acknowledgements Svensk sammanfattning References Appendices I: Alexanderson, J.H. 2000: Landsat mapping of ice-marginal features on the Taymyr Peninsula, Siberia – image interpretation versus geological reality. Geological Quarterly 44(1) , 15-25. II: Alexanderson, H. , Hjort, C., Möller, P., Antonov, O. & Pavlov, M. 2001: The North Taymyr ice-marginal zone, Arctic Siberia – a preliminary overview and dating. Global and Planetary Change 31(1-4), 427-445. III: Alexanderson, H. , Adrielsson, L., Hjort, C., Möller, P., Antonov, O., Eriksson, S. & Pavlov, M. 2002: Depositional history of the North Taymyr ice-marginal zone, Siberia – a landsystem approach. Journal of Quaternary Science 17(4) , 361-382. IV: Adrielsson, L. & Alexanderson, H.: Two cycles of ice-sheet and coastal mountain glaciation in central East Greenland. Manuscript submitted to Boreas.
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-09
    Description: The oil play of the Permo-Carboniferous Cooper and Jurassic-Cretaceous Eromanga Basins in South Australia is complicated to unravel due to the presence of multiple source rocks that bear similar geochemical characteristics and has consequently been subject to intense debate. The underlying Warburton Basin, although initially regarded an exploration target, subsequently has never been seriously considered to having participated in the oil play. The Cooper/Eromanga couplet is Australia's largest onshore petroleum province and still bears potential for undiscovered commodities, making a profound understanding of origin and migration of petroleum a prerequisite for efficient future exploration. Being a typical example of structurally trapped oils in stacked fluvial sandstone reservoirs, the Gidgealpa Ridge was chosen as subject for this study. A suite of 13 sandstone cores, 11 source rocks and 24 drill stem test (DST) oils were processed at the University of Cologne by extraction, sequential extraction of sandstone cores to yield residual oils, preparative liquid chromatography and solid phase extraction to yield fractions of saturated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, maltene resins and a carbazole enriched fractions. While biomarker analyses on saturates and aromatics were performed by Dr. Khaled Arouri at the University of Adelaide, molecular characterisation of carbazoles and bulk geochemical characterisation was also done at the University of Cologne. Sequentially extracted residual oils are particularly useful because they allow a temporal resolution of petroleum reservoir filling histories. While hydrocarbon compositions are quickly equilibrated over a few tens of metres in oil columns, there is substantial evidence that the same is not true for polar species such as e.g. carbazoles and for lateral variations in hydrocarbon composition. Carbazoles were initially regarded as molecular markers indicating relative migration distances. However, counterevidence soon appeared, showing the dependency of carbazole distributions on other factors. The results of this study show that, while the distribution of benzocarbazoles seems to depend only on fractionation processes during primary and secondary migration, alkylated carbazole distribution patterns are governed by source rock facies. This new finding allowed the recognition of a Warburton Basin contribution in certain residual oil fractions, yielding the first conclusive evidence that Warburton Basin rocks bear a source potential and have actively participated in the oil play of the Cooper and Eromanga Basins. The application of carbazole facies parameters, benzocarbazole migration parameters and aromatic maturity data on oils and residual oils from the Gidgealpa Field has allowed the reconstruction of its charging history. Generally, Cooper Basin oils exhibit large maturity variations but a uniformly short migration distance, indicating their origin from a nearby deep trough (eastern source kitchen). Eromanga Basin oils are characterized by similarly low maturity values but highly varying migration distances, suggesting that they were sourced by an extensive and shallow source kitchen. More precise consideration of the carbazole distribution in Eromanga Basin oils shows that the Gidgealpa Field has received two discrete Birkhead charges: a Late Cretaceous pulse from an eastern source kitchen, which migrated a short distance, and became locally displaced by a Tertiary charge from a western source kitchen, which had to migrate further before reaching the Gidgealpa Field. Residual oil fractions from the sandy intervals of the Toolachee and Patchawarra Formations indicate that while the former is a source for Cooper Basin Family 2 oils, the latter can unambiguously be tied to the production of Cooper Basin Family 1 oils. After petroleum generation in the Patchawarra Formation, this petroleum was probably retained by the coaly Patchawarra source rock, and underwent further maturation before it was expelled as condensate-like light oil in gaseous solution. The analysis of sequentially extracted residual oils promises to become a powerful tool in reservoir geochemical studies by adding a temporal resolution to otherwise time-integrated samples, thereby allowing a relatively precise reconstruction of an oil field's charging history. The finding of facies dependent markers in the polar fraction of oils is a constructive motivation for further research into the facies and maturity dependency of NSO compounds. As many residual oils are characterized by minimum extracts yields and a high percentage of NSO compounds, conventional biomarker analyses are complicated and polar markers are necessary for a more precise evaluation.
    Language: English
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Keywords: ddc:300
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    Keywords: ddc:320
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    Keywords: ddc:300
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    Keywords: ddc:600
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:320
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This article provides a short account of the international climate negotiations that took place in Bonn from 16 to 27 July 2001. After the Sixth Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change failed in November 2000, the Parties had decided to suspend the meeting. The ministers present at the resumed session successfully adopted the "Bonn Agreement to the Kyoto Protocol", a set of political compromises for the most contentious issues left open by the Kyoto Protocol. Although many details had been transferred to the Seventh Conference of the Parties, November 2001 in Marrakesh, Morocco, the Bonn Agreement already paved the way for ratification of the Kyoto Protocol and its entry into force. The Marrakesh Accord adopted on 10 November 2001 transforms, with a few exceptions, this political agreement into bindinglegal text.
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The contribution of natural resources and ecosystems to economic processes still remains under-assessed by market evaluation and productivity analysis. Following the historical lines of the classical productivity debate ranging from the French Physiocrats to early neoclassical growth theories, the productivity concept underwent a gradual transformation from its previous understanding based on natural resources and other environmental factors to its contemporary narrow notion. This paper claims that the course of the classical debate has shaped the scope of predominant contemporary analysis. Except for some very recent findings, multifactor productivity largely focusses on a two-factor model. Material Flow Analysis (MFA) provides a useful step for widening the measurement and notion of productivity.
    Keywords: ddc:600
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The article analyses Japanese approaches to dealing with eco-efficiency from an institutional perspective. Our main outlook is that though promising attempts have been made despite the overall economic crisis, a better horizontal coordination among both administrations and businesses is required. The governance processes can be analysed following approaches developed by New Institutional Economics and related policy analysis. The paper is divided into three sections. The first introduces the concept of eco-efficiency and explains the demand for regulatory policies from theories of market failures; the paper argues in favour of innovationoriented regulation. The second examines how a nation's institutional capabilities influence knowledge generation towards new solutions that sell on the markets; the "capacity-building approach" as developed by Martin Jänicke is explicitly discussed. The third section discusses contemporary Japanese policies with regard to waste, energy and material flows both on the governmental and the business level. It explains how European approaches diffuse and merge with domestic Japanese institutions. However, governance of eco-efficiency is expected to continue to differ due to ongoing national differences and specific conditions of knowledge creation.
    Keywords: ddc:320
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The reductionist trend of equalizing sustainable development with CO2 control needs to be reversed - notwithstanding the significance of climate change. Conventional, "compartmentalized" data systems impede an integrated vision and treatment of the paradigm. New accounts and balances focus on the interaction between environment and economy. "Greened" national accounts measure economic sustainability in terms of (produced and natural) capital maintenance; balances of material flows assess ecological sustainability as the dematerialization of production and consumption. Both concepts aim to preserve environmental assets. They differ however with regard to the scope, strength and evaluation of sustainability. First results for Germany indicate weak sustainability of the economy, owing to an increasing capital base. Strong sustainability is not in sight, though, since material throughput has not been reduced sufficiently. An "Alliance for Sustainable Development" is proposed to implement and sustain the paradigm.
    Keywords: ddc:600
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: A policy framework for sustainable resource management (SRM) is required both to guarantee the materials and energy supply of the EU economy and safeguard the natural resource basis in the future. Goals and strategies for sustaining the metabolism of the economy are described. Data are presented on the material throughput and physical growth of the EU's economy, on total material requirements (TMR), its composition, the decoupling from economic growth, and the increased shift to other regions. A first future target Material Flow Balance (t- MFB) of the EU is outlined. Detailed data reveal the "top ten" resource flows. Policy design for SRM should aim at an integrated and balanced approach along the material flow, comprising resource extraction, the product cycle and final waste disposal. Strategies and potential instruments to manage fossil fuels, metals and industrial minerals, construction minerals and excavation are discussed. Possible priorities and examples are given for target setting, focusing on limited expansion of built-up area, reduced use of non-renewables, increased resource productivity, and shift to sustainable cultivation of biomass.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: During the UNCED conference in Rio de Janeiro 1992 unsustainable consumption and production patterns were identified as one of the key driving forces behind the unsustainable development of the world (Agenda 21, chapter 4). These consumption and production patterns are based on the European model of industrialisation, spread around the globe in the age of colonisation and brought to extremes by the upper-class of industrialised societies, in particular in the United States, but also in a number of countries in the South. Therefore, all states of the world share the task of developing sustainable consumption and production patterns, while particular responsibility rests with the industrialised nations of Europe, North America and Japan. They, and the thriving but small rich elite in the transition countries and in the South, form a global consumer society, with shared products, lifestyles and aspirations. As it is essential to support the transition towards sustainable development by providing the proper information in an operational manner, the UNCED conference has called for the development of suitable means of information, and in particular for the development of sustainability indicators applicable throughout the world (Agenda 21, chapter 40). The UNDESA set of indicators for changing consumption and production patterns offers helpful advice in this regard but still lacks the theoretical underpinning needed to consistently complete it by defining the few still missing indicators. This paper undertakes to suggest such a methodology based on the environmental space concept. It derives a set of science based indicators from this approach which are easily applicable in everyday life and analyses the environmental relevance of the consumption clusters chosen for analysis as well as the relevance of the phenomena characterised by the indicators suggested. As households are just one actor in the field of consumption, a qualitative assessment of influences is performed and the result depicting the key actors for each environmentally relevant consumption cluster is presented as an actor matrix.
    Keywords: ddc:600
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The paper sketches out a theoretical framework for analysing the interplay between eco-efficiency, cognition and institutions. It derives from analytical shortfalls of the prevailing literature, which features strongly engineering and business economics, by using insights from New Institutional Economics, from Cognitive Sciences and, partly, from Evolutionary Economics. It emphasises the role cognition and institutions play in the adoption of "green" technologies by firms. A cognitive perspective derives from recent research on simple heuristics and context-based rationality; it is proposed that those recent findings can serve to analyse decision-making of individual actors or firms and, thus, should complement economic analysis. A second proposition is that eco-efficiency and normative rules such as a Factor Four strongly rely upon institutions, i.e. the ability of institutions to evolve over time and the development of those institutions that are most appropriate to enhance technological change. In this regard, business institutions and competition are crucial, but regulatory needs remain in order to safeguard continuity of knowledge creation. The framework allows for an analysis why overall adoption of eco-efficiency still can be considered relatively slow and why some markets and firms are far ahead. As a brief case study the article reflects upon German waste law’s ability to enhance eco-efficiency.
    Keywords: ddc:330
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    Keywords: ddc:320
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie for Climate, Environment, Energy | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:330
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    Stockholm : Europ. Council for an Energy Efficient Economy | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Energy labelling for household appliances has become an established instrument to promote energy efficiency. For heating systems, however, this approach has not been successfully implemented yet. This is partially due to the reluctance of industry. To find ways to motivate industry to participate in a labelling scheme, we carried out a survey among producers of heating systems. Respondents to our questionnaire and personal interviews cover together more than 30 percent of the EU market for heating systems. Thus the results provide a solid basis for conclusions. Our survey helps to draw a much better picture of the attitudes and expectations of the manufacturers with regard to a labelling scheme. The paper covers: Attitudes regarding potential effects of a label; Opinions on possible design of a label; Perceived effects of the labels for the companies; Perceived advantages and disadvantages of a label; And, as a conclusion, the potential effects on the companies and their probable relevance. As a result, industry representatives expect that customers will be able to make sounder purchasing decisions because of the availability of a label. Therefore they believe that energy savings will be achieved. What is more, respondents expect that a label could improve integration of the European market for heating systems and would rather improve their individual economic performance. The survey results in a clearer identification of industry's problems, needs and interests. It thus will help policy-makers to get industry to support energy efficiency labels and activities.
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    Keywords: ddc:330
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This report includes the results and calculations of the HP case study within the Digital Europe project. This case study investigates the environmental effects of mobile computing devices as an element of the growing ICT infrastructure for applications such as ecommerce, egovernment and telework. Specifically, the resource intensity of a notebook computer and a handheld device will be analysed and discussed.
    Keywords: ddc:600 ; ddc:330
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Transnational corporations' (TNCs) economic operations cover numerous countries and can be diverted between several continents. These units have reached a level of significance, having not only economic, but also social and environmental implications. This justifies that they shall be treated separately as a social phenomenon, when considering strategies for the development towards sustainability. This paper presents the concept of Responsible Corporate Governance (RCG), as a strategy to "govern" TNCs. RCG is suggested as a stakeholder based policy instrument, which aims at allocating responsibilities to societal actors aiming at corporate accountability. RCG recognises that the process of societal change is strongly based on what can be called as bottom up-processes. Learning processes take place through the interaction of the different societal members, which eventually leads to macro changes. Therefore, governing TNCs towards sustainability improvements is considered to be a collective process including all stakeholders. Firstly, the paper places the concept of RCG in the ongoing debate of political modernization based on the fact that society develops overtime and the political system must correspondingly modernize. In this context, political overload developed as a consequence of increased resource interdependencies is explained and as a resolution, network approach is discussed. Secondly, demands on the orientation of the TNCs in terms of accountability and innovative action are brought forward. Here, the paper also lists down corporate elements (stakeholder empowered corporate governance, management and performance evaluation systems, transparency enhancement and accountability verification), which need to be in place to attain an accountable orientation in the society. Following, using an analytical framework, the orientation and capabilities of each societal actor (environmental non-governmental organisations, financial institutions, intergovernmental organisations) to affect improvements in the corporate responsibility elements are investigated and recommendations for their effective orientation are listed.
    Keywords: ddc:330
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This report presents the calculations and findings as well as the resulting recommendations from the Barclays Plc case study within the Digital Europe project. Chapter 2 gives the background to the case study; chapter 3 investigates the environmental aspects; and chapter 4 highlights social aspects of different banking scenarios. Chapter 5 outlines future scenarios in the sector and chapter 6 finally makes recommendations for business and government.
    Keywords: ddc:600
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: In this second brochure, WISIONS aims to focus on the significance of a combined approach to water and energy and to present a number of projects from around the globe that have been successfully implemented, with the intention of further promoting the particular approaches used by these projects. Using a key number of internationally accepted criteria, the main consideration for selection of the projects was energy and resource efficiency, but social aspects such as the inclusion of local population were also of relevance. The assessment of the projects also included the consideration of regional factors acknowledging different needs and potentials.
    Keywords: ddc:600
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    München : Iudicium-Verl. | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The paper explores a framework for analysing governance towards sustainable development. Departing from the thesis about a possible positive role for corporate action, it refers to recent theorizing about both market and government failures. Discussing externalities, public goods, information and adaptation deficits, as well as bureaucracies' self-interest, corruption and capture of the regulator, the paper stresses the importance of governance aiming at synergies between corporate and political governance. Concerning framework conditions, it outlines principles of regulated self-regulation. Following the thesis about a positive role, the paper adds recent insights about theories of the knowledge-based firm, which help to analyse market evolution. In this context, it outlines the concept of "responsible corporate governance". Because governance involves actors in their daily operations and certainly goes beyond setting a frame, the paper finally discusses innovation-inducing regulation, serving complementary functions to a framework and business operations. The conclusion is drawn that governments' main function is to facilitate learning processes, thus departing from states' function as known from welfare economics. Thus, governance will have to be explored as collective learning, involving business, governments, and civil societies’ actors.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This study focuses on the economic, market-related context of consumption patterns and incorporates the regulatory settings and values. The aim is to systemise the influences on sustainable consumption patterns. Special attention is drawn to the question how existing niche markets could be extended to mass markets. This question is deepened by case studies on the green textile and the green power markets. The results emphasise the different key factors which influence the successful pathways for an extended green market volume. Looking at the case of the green power market it can be seen how important it is to create an economic and institutional context for adoption. Looking at the case of green textiles the importance of new lifestyles and cultural impacts are obvious. Looking at the interfaces between institutional settings, supply structure, societal values and consumers' decision-making, it can be seen that consumers' demands are not only a product of individual needs. Therefore sustainable consumption strategies will have to face not only the change of needs, but also the change of structures which influence individual choices.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This report focuses on the contribution of ICT to improvements in resource efficiency and transport intensity at the macro, meso and micro levels. It presents the research on environmental effects of e-business and e-work. The research strand explored the implication of ICT and its applications from the micro- (case study), meso- (different e-business types) and macro-level (macro-economic and policy level). The "macro-analysis-module" aimed at quantifying the potential contribution of e-business and ICT to dematerialisation and resource productivity. The analysis followed a top-down approach complementary to the case study based microanalyses. It compromised the analysis of energy-use and selected material flows (CO(2)) of three EU Member States to determine whether there is any macro-level evidence of dematerialization and increased resource productivity resulting from e-business and ICT. From a micro and meso level perspective, the research object has been the provision of new IT based applications instead of "traditional" products, services and customs (e-commerce and telework). The research quantified the resource- and transport efficiency of e-business in different case studies and identified key factors determining the impact on resource- and transport efficiency.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The paper sketches out a theoretical framework for analysing the interplay between eco-efficiency, cognition and institutions. It derives from analytical shortfalls of the prevailing literature, which features strongly engineering and business economics, by using insights from New Institutional Economics, from Cognitive Science and, partly, from Evolutionary Economics. It emphasises the role cognition and institutions play in the adoption of "green" technologies by firms. A cognitive perspective derives from recent research on simple heuristics and context-based rationality; it is proposed that those findings can serve to analyse decision-making of individual actors respectively firms and, thus, should complement economic analysis. A second proposition is that eco-efficiency and normative rules such as a Factor Four strongly rely upon institutions, i.e. the ability of institutions to evolve over time and the development of those institutions that are most appropriate to enhance technological change. In this regard, business institutions and competition are crucial, but regulatory needs remain in order to safeguard continuity of knowledge creation. The framework allows for an analysis why overall adoption of eco-efficiency still can be considered relatively slow and why some markets and firms are far ahead. As a brief case study the article reflects upon German waste law's ability to enhance eco-efficiency.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This report presents the findings and recommendations of the EMI case study undertaken as part of the Digital Europe project. Chapter 2 sets out the background to the case study; chapter 3 investigates the environmental impacts of digital music; and chapter 4 highlights the social impacts of digital music. Chapter 5 outlines future scenarios for the sector and chapter 6 draws recommendations for business and government.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 53
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: From 10 to 14 September 2003, the Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiated over a further liberalization of world trade. A lot was at stake there for the environment. It is true that in the current round of negotiations the Doha Declaration has agreed certain points relating to the environment. But this should not conceal the fact that the WTO is still a long way from taking due account of ecological aspects in its policies. The present paper begins by analyzing the discussion on environmental issues within the WTO, which for more than ten years has been conducted mainly in its Committee on Trade and Environment. It is shown that many environmental effects of trade liberalization have not been discussed at all, that conflicts of interest among WTO member-states prevent any deep discussion, and that an ecological reform of the WTO has up to now stood no chance. This analysis then forms the background for a twofold strategy. First, arguments are presented as to why the WTO, given its environmental policy deficits, should afford sufficient scope to institutions actively concerned with environmental policy. The conflictual relationship between Multilateral Environmental Agreements and the WTO is examined at this point. A distinction is drawn between minor and potentially critical conflicts, and it is shown how a limitation of the competence of the WTO's Dispute Settlement Body, together with cooperative political-legal processes to resolve conflicts between affected institutions, might offer a solution and lead to greater institutional equity in the global political arena. Second, the paper discusses how ecological aspects might be integrated step by step into the WTO. After a detailed examination of the potential and limits of instruments like impact assessments, it makes a number of recommendations for their further development. Finally, it considers how impact assessments might be integrated into the WTO's institutional structures, so that ecological aspects can be systematically input into policy-making processes and better public participation in WTO policy be ensured. In this connection, the paper discusses both the integration of impact assessments into the WTO's Trade Policy Review Mechanism and the creation of a new Strategic Impact Assessment Body within the WTO.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 54
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: An increasing number of publications about theoretical approaches and new findings illustrate the relevance of the topic environmental risk assessment. The actual discussion about high oil prices is not incorporated under this headline; but it should be, as natural resource scarcity is a crucial economic factor. In practical experience, more and more banks, insurance companies as well as investors realize that there are certain areas with a high correlation between sustainable development and corporate success, corporate risk exposure and corporate performance. In this discussion one of the most obvious topics are risks related to climate change. According to the findings of surveys evaluated in this paper climate change starts to affect economic development and companies' performance in various ways. Over the next decade, economic losses due to climate change are estimated by US$ 150 billion per year. As result world's business leaders have described climate change as the biggest challenge of the 21st century. Hence, the incorporation of climate change as a risk factor is essential, but risks related to climate change feature a severe issue of complex structure and uncertainty; traditional risk assessment tools appear in the light of not being able to either reflect the multifaceted system nor provide sufficient outcomes. Environmental risk assessments in general so far have mainly emphasized - if at all - on actual and possible impacts of the release of materials or emissions (external effects). But an overall sustainable risk assessment has also to take into account the risks related to the inflow of materials. The main reason for neglecting the inflow risks from an environmental perspective can be seen in the fact that these risks seem to be less tangible and more uncertain. Nevertheless, in a world where economic development and the use of natural resources is not uncoupled yet, a steadily increasing economic power will result in a continually rising extraction of resources. As all resources are limited, the risk of scarcity will rise; and the example of water illustrates that it already exists. Indeed, scarcity is not tangible for all kind of resources from a present point of view. Hence, a specified analysis is needed considering different market and supply conditions. A comprehensive analysis of environmental risks needs to encompass risks affecting the output as well as the input side of a value chain. This paper enlarges the discussion on environmental risk assessments upon the input dimension using the example of carbon risks. Firstly, carbon risks are defined as risks related to climate change at the corporate level with a focus on the input as well as the output dimension. Secondly, an analysis of the current discussion on the topic of carbon risk evaluates the status quo of scientific work in this field. Thirdly, in terms of developing a practically oriented tool, the Value-at-Risk approach and it's application to measure input oriented carbon risks are scrutinized. The results discuss how future volatility and market prices can be utilized to describe the uncertainty resulting from markets acknowledging and pricing oil scarcity as a risk factor. Finally recommendations with a focus on strategic management decisions and financial performance analysis are given and further research opportunities are drawn. The conclusion is; once markets have acknowledged the depletion mid-point as a measure of oil scarcity, natural scarcity will result in a significant higher Value-at-Risk. The Value-at-Risk of one barrel of crude oil could then be as high as US$ 15.5 in the short term and even US$ 17.2 in the long term. The scope of this paper is neither intended to predict one likely development nor to demonstrate how this tool can actually work in terms of forecasting single companies' performance. But in order to point the way ahead, this paper provides scenarios for potential future developments and sets a frame for risk assessments due to oil scarcity.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Globalization has a credible future only if the borderless economy does not overstretch the resilience of the biosphere and frustrate demands for greater justice in the world. But what means environmental justice in a transnational context? In general, justice may have three different senses: justice as fairness, justice as equitable distribution, and justice as human dignity. In the first it is a question of organized procedures for the allocation of advantages and disadvantages that are fair to everyone involved; this is the procedural conception of justice. In the second it is a question of proportionate distribution of goods and rights among individuals or groups; this is the relational conception of justice. And in the third it is a question of the minimum goods or rights necessary for a dignified existence; this is the absolute or substantive conception of justice. This paper develops the theme of international environmental justice in the third sense, as a human rights issue. First, it outlines six typical situations in which patterns of resource use come into conflict with subsistence rights: namely, extraction of raw materials, alteration of ecosystems, reprogramming of organisms, destabilization as a result of climate change, pollution of urban living space, and effects of resource prices. It then introduces the debate on human rights and locates respect for subsistence rights as a component of economic, social and cultural human rights. Finally, it offers some markers for an environmental policy geared to human rights, the aim of which is to guarantee civil rights for all in a world with a finite biosphere. Neither power play between states nor economic competition, but the realization of human rights and respect for the biosphere, should be the defining feature of the emergent world society.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 56
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This paper examines the connection between globalisation, with its growth in world trade links, and certain ecological effects especially concerning "North-South" relations. Although world trade in the mid-nineties was significantly uncoupled from growth trends in the world economy, so that since then it has increased nearly three times faster than the global GDP, certain indicators of energy use and CO2 emissions have not developed proportionately to world trade; globalisation evidently does not lead to a situation where pressures on the environment are increasing to the same extent worldwide. This de-linking may, however, result in the kind of shifts that we examine here with reference to the material trade flows of the European Union. It will be shown that, in the course of globalisation, the countries of the EU have increasingly shifted environmental burdens on to the countries of the South, especially in the form of ecological rucksacks of imported raw materials, while at the same time reducing the pressure on their own domestic environment by extracting fewer material resources. Furthermore, goods whose production places intensive pressure on the environment (industrial emissions into the atmosphere and water, heavy metal emissions, etc.) have been increasingly imported from newly industrializing or developing countries. The greater covering of material requirements from foreign resources has served not so much the EU's internal consumption as its own production of export goods; this shows that the EU has an increasing share in the resource requirement of other economies. The paper concludes that it is absolutely necessary to consider the international dimension in any strategy for more productive use of resources in industrial countries. In the long term, the EU's resource use should also be reduced in absolute terms. This will also be necessary in order to reduce the pressure on the environment due to imports and exports.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This article proposes a policy framework for analysing corporate governance toward sustainable development. The aim is to set up a framework for analysing market evolution toward sustainability. In the first section, the paper briefly refers to recent theories about both market and government failures that express scepticism about the way that framework conditions for market actors are set. For this reason, multi-layered governance structures seem advantageous if new solutions are to be developed in policy areas concerned with long-term change and stepwise internalisation of externalities. The paper introduces the principle of regulated self-regulation. With regard to corporate actors| interests, it presents recent insights from theories about the knowledge-based firm, where the creation of new knowledge is based on the absorption of societal views. The result is greater scope for the endogenous internalisation of externalities, which leads to a variety of new and different corporate strategies. Because governance has to set incentives for quite a diverse set of actors in their daily operations, the paper finally discusses innovation-inducing regulation. In both areas, regulated self-regulation and innovation-inducing regulation, corporate and political governance co-evolve. The paper concludes that these co-evolutionary mechanisms may assume some of the stabilising and orientating functions previously exercised by framing activities of the state. In such a view, the government's main function is to facilitate learning processes, thus departing from the state's function as known from welfare economics.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The brochure focuses on the significance of the construction sector and aim to collect world-wide innovative project approaches that have already been implemented to promote the concepts. Using a key number of internationally accepted criteria, the main considerations have been the energy efficiency and in a broad sense also the resource efficiency of the projects.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 60
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Berlin [u.a.] : Springer
    Call number: AWI G4-04-0085
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 331 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 3-540-21477-1
    Language: English
    Note: Contents 1 Introduction 2 Features of the Arctic Seas of Russia and Their Ecosystems 2.1 Brief History of the Studies 2.2 Physical Geography 2.3 Features of Geological Structure and Sedimentation 2.4 Hydrology 2.5 Hydrochemistry 2.5.1 Oxygen 2.5.2 pH 2.5.3 Alkalinity 2.5.4 Nutrients (P, N, and Si) 3 Biological Production of the Arctic Seas of Russia 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Barents Sea 3.3 White Sea 3.4. Kara Sea 3.5. Seas of the East Arctic 4 Particulate Matter and Vertical Carbon Fluxes in the Water–Bottom System 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Barents Sea 4.3 White Sea 4.4 Kara Sea 4.5 Laptev, East Siberian, and Chukchi Seas 4.6 Carbon Fluxes from the Photic Zone to the Seafloor 4.7 Conclusion 5 Horizontal Carbon Fluxes in the Land–Sea System 5.1 Riverine Runoff and Carbon Fluxes 5.1.1 Water Runoff and Particulate Matter Supply 5.1.2 Carbon runoff 5.2 Coastal Abrasion and Carbon Fluxes 5.3 Aerosols and Eolian Carbon Fluxes 5.4 Underground and Glacial Runoff 5.4.1 Underground Runoff 5.4.2 Ice and Glacial Discharge 5.4.3 Interstitial Waters 6 Carbon in the Bottom Sediments 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Brief History of the Studies of Carbon and Organic Matter Composition 6.3 Selected Features of the Polar Lithogenesis 6.4 Organo-Chemical Composition of the Sediments 6.5 Distribution and Accumulation Rate of Carbon in the Bottom Sediments 6.5.1 Contents of TOC and Ccarb in Different Types of the Sediments 6.5.2 Distribution of TOC and its Accumulation Rate in the Bottom Sediments 6.5.3 Distribution of Ccarb and its Accumulation Rates in the Bottom Sediments 7 Elements of Carbon Balance and Cycling in the Arctic Seas of Russia 7.1 Fluxes and Balance of Masses 7.2 Ecological Features of the Arctic Seas and their Influence on Carbon Cycling References Index
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-12-14
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-12-14
    Description: In this report we describe the new repeat station network, the measurements and some tests regarding the use of the variometer recordings for data processing, and we present the results of this latest German magnetic survey.
    Language: English
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  • 63
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    New York, NY : Penguin Books
    Call number: M 21.94577
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIV, 267 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 0142000280 , 9780142000281 , 0670899240
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
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  • 64
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley
    Call number: M 21.94607
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXII, 437 Seiten , graph. Darst. , 24 cm
    Edition: 2. ed.
    ISBN: 0471876453 ((hbk.)) , 0471876844 ((pbk.))
    Language: English
    Location: Lower compact magazine
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    Call number: AWI G2-05-0084 ; AWI G2-06-0213
    Description / Table of Contents: To understand the global oceanic carbon budget and related climate change, exact measurements of organic carbon flux in all oceans environments, especially the continental margins, are crucial. In fact, data have been available for some time on organic carbon sources, pathways, and burial for most of the world's oceans, with the notable exception of the Arctic. With this book, the editors remedy this gap in knowledge, presenting an overview of organic-carbon sources, pathways, and burial of the circum-Arctic continental margin and deep-sea areas. Data from each Arctic shelf and basin are collates, presented in common and parallel formats, and related to the global carbon cycle. The book is suitable for lecturers, graduate students as well as scientists interested in the organic-carbon-cycle and Arctic Ocean (paleo-)environment.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XIX, 363 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 3-540-01153-6
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: 1 The Arctic Ocean: Boundary Conditions and Background Information. - 1.1 Physiography and Bathymetry of the Arctic Ocean. - 1.2 The Arctic Ocean: Modern Status and Recent Climate Change. - 1.3 The Tectonic Evolution of the Arctic Ocean: Overview and Perspectives. - 1.4 Geochemical Proxies Used for Organic Carbon Source Identification in Arctic Ocean Sediments. - 2 Modern Terrigenous Organic Carbon Input to the Arctic Ocean. - 2.1General Introduction. - 2.2 River Input. - 2.3 Organic Carbon Input to the Artic Seas Through Coastal Erosion. - 2.4 The Role of Arctic Sea Ice in Transporting and Cycling Terrestrial Organic Matter. - 2.5 Aeolian Input. - 2.6 Summary and Concluding Remarks. - 3 Primary and Secondary Production in the Arctic Seas. - 3.1 Introduction. - 3.2 Major Algal Groups and Their Distribution. - 3.3 Limitation and Control of Primary Production 3.4 Primary Production and Growth Rate. - 3.5 Seasonality. - 3.6 Distribution of Primary Production. - 3.7 Mesozooplankton . - 3.8 Primary Production - Impact of Climate Change. - 3.9 Summary and Concluding Remarks . - 4 The Role of Dissolved Organic Matter for the Organic Carbon Cycle in the Arctic Ocean. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 Riverine DOM on Arctic Shelves and Beyond. - 4.3 Distribution, Chemical Composition, and Fluxes of Marine DOM in the Central Arctic Ocean. - 4.4 Summary and Concluding Remarks. - 5 Particulate Organic Carbon Flux to the Arctic Ocean Sea Floor. - 5.1 Introduction 5.2 What do we Know About Vertical Carbon Flux from the Arctic Ocean?. - 5.3 Case Studies. - 5.4 Regional Variability in POC Export Flux in the Arctic Ocean Determined Using 234Th as a Tracer. - 5.5 Particulate Organic Carbon Flux to the Sea floor of the Arctic Ocean: Quantity, Seasonality and Processes. - 5.6 Summary and Concluding Remarks. - 6 The Benthos of Arctic Seas and its Role for the Organic Carbon Cycle at the Seafloor. - 6.1 Introduction. - 6.2 Origin and Evolution of Arctic Habitats and Species. - 6.3 Food Supply of the Arctic Benthos: Sources and Pathways. - 6.4 Benthic Communities of the Arctic Seas. - 6.5 Organic Carbon Utilization by the Arctic Benthos. - 6.6 Summary and Concluding Remarks. - 7 Organic Carbon in Arctic Ocean Sediments: Sources, Variability, Burial, and Paleoenvironmental Significance. - 7.1 Organic Carbon in Arctic Ocean Sediments: A General Introduction. - 7.2 The Beaufort Sea: Distribution, Sources, Fluxes, and Burial Rates of Organic Carbon. - 7.3 The Continental Margin of the North Bering - Chukchi Sea: Distribution, Sources, Fluxes, and Burial Rates of Organic Carbon. - 7.4 The East Siberian Sea: Distribution, Sources, and Burial of Organic Carbon. - 7.5 The Laptev Sea: Distribution, Sources, Variability and Burial of Organic Carbon. - 7.6 The Kara Sea: Distribution, Sources, Variability and Burial of Organic Carbon. - 7.7 The Barents Sea: Distribution, Sources, Variability and Burial of Organic Carbon. - 7.8 Northern Fram Strait und Yermak Plateau: Distribution, Variability and Burial of Organic Carbon and Paleoenvironmental Implications. - 7.9 The Central Arctic Ocean: Distribution, Sources, Variability and Burial of Organic Carbon. - 8 Organic Carbon Budget: Arctic Ocean vs. Global Ocean. - 8.1 Introduction. - 8.2 Global Organic Carbon Fluxes: Sources and Sinks. - 8.3 Arctic Ocean Organic Carbon Fluxes: Sources and Sinks. - 8.4 Summary and Concluding Remarks. - 9 References.
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    In:  Protokoll über das Kolloquium Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: 18. Kolloquium: Altenberg, 20.3. - 24.3.2000
    Publication Date: 2021-09-17
    Language: English
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    In:  Protokoll über das Kolloquium Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: 18. Kolloquium: Altenberg, 20.3. - 24.3.2000
    Publication Date: 2021-09-17
    Description: We consider 2-D models with anisotropic sections using the finite element (FE) technique. Part 1 gives the boundary value problem, Part 2 describes the numerical realization of the FE algorit hm, Part 3 compares results from the FE algorithm with the finite difference solution of Pek & Verner (1997). Part 4 presents modelling results for various types of anisotropy: horizontal, vertical and dipping anisotropy.
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    In:  Protokoll über das Kolloquium Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: 18. Kolloquium: Altenberg, 20.3. - 24.3.2000
    Publication Date: 2021-09-17
    Description: The method presented here is a direct transformation of magnetic transfer functions into apparent resistivities and phases . The derivation is an extension of the two-dimensional procedure developed by Gharibi and Pedersen (2000) to arbitrary conductivity structures in the subsurface. The VLF technique (very-low-frequency) is a well established electromagnetic tool for mapping near surface structures of geological targets. Here, artificial source fields generated by powerful VLF transmitters situated at several locations all over the world and radio transmitters are used in induction studies for shallow applications. By combining two or more transmitters located in different directions, one can calculate a set of transmitterindependent induction parameters for each point of measurement (Pedersen [1989), Pedersen et al. (1994], Gharibi & Pedersen [2000]), which are the same as the magnetic transfer function in geomagnetic depth sounding applications (GDS). The Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU) operates a 'tensor'-VLF device as an add-on tool in airborne surveys and acquired maps of magnetic transfer functions (tipper) for frequencies around 16 kHz. We show, that the magnetic transfer function is related to the full TE-mode impedance tensor besides a constant in the electric field, which has to be estimated by other means. Use must be made of the potential field character of the magnetic field in the air half-space, yielding an successive approximation of the anomalous magnetic fields for an arbitrary primary magnetic field. When the anomalous vertical component is explicitly known, solving Faraday's equation in the wavenumber domain by using the divergence theorem leads to an estimation of the anomalous electric field of TE-mode. The normal electric field is provided by an impedance measurement at one point in the area of investigation. We demonstrate , that structural information in terms of apparent resistivity and phase reflecting different kinds of lithologies can be extracted from magnetic measurements and related to geological investigations. In the following sections, the decomposition of electric and magnetic fields and transfer functions is introduced and the procedure of the transformation is developed.
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    In:  Protokoll über das Kolloquium Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: 18. Kolloquium: Altenberg, 20.3. - 24.3.2000
    Publication Date: 2021-09-17
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    In:  Protokoll über das Kolloquium Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: 18. Kolloquium: Altenberg, 20.3. - 24.3.2000
    Publication Date: 2021-09-17
    Language: English
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2021-09-17
    Description: Mit diesem Kolloquiumsband fügen wir ein weiteres Exemplar in die schon fast "legendäre" Reihe der sogenannten "Blauen Bände" hinzu. Er enthält die schriftlichen Fassungen von Beiträgen, die auf dem 18. Kolloquium "Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung vom 20.3.- 24.3.2000 in Altenberg bei Köln (Bergisches Land) gehalten wurden. Diese Reihe hat weniger den Charakter eines Berichtsbandes, sondern wird überwiegend als Nachschlagewerk für die Forschenden auf dem Gebiet der Elektromagnetik genutzt. Man findet z.B. Arbeiten, in denen in komprimierter aber nicht zu stark verkürzter Form die wesentlichen Teile von Diplom- und Doktorarbeiten aufgeschrieben sind. Viele Arbeiten befinden sich zu diesem Zeitpunkt noch in der Entstehungphase und werden erst später in einer referierten Zeitschrift publiziert. Diese Bände bieten daher ein geeignetes Medium, wertvolle Informationen schon zu einem frühen Zeitpunkt zu dokumentieren.
    Language: German , English
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  • 72
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    In:  Protokoll über das Kolloquium Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: 18. Kolloquium: Altenberg, 20.3. - 24.3.2000
    Publication Date: 2021-09-17
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  • 73
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    In:  Protokoll über das Kolloquium Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: 18. Kolloquium: Altenberg, 20.3. - 24.3.2000
    Publication Date: 2021-09-17
    Description: Motivated by the engagement of the second author of this study, Hiroaki Toh, in the Mantle Electromagnetic and Tomography {MELT) Experiment in the East Pacific, we modified our original 2-D magnetotelluric finite difference modelling procedure for generally anisotropic structures (Pek and Verner, 1997) to allow us to model MT data along topographic undulations as well as on the sea bottom. Both the topography and bathymetry are approximated by simple staircase functions. Introducing topography does not change the approximation procedure as compared to the flat earth model. The only difference is a variable bandwidth of the FD matrix in case of topography, which requires a slight modification to the Gaussian elimination procedure for the solution of the approximate problem. Modelling with bathymetry fits exactly into the standard modelling scheme, the specific being that MT fields and functions are evaluated inside the conductive medium rather than on the earth's surface. Large conductivity contrasts involved at sea-earth interfaces require to pay special attention to FD gridding. Improved derivative formulas according to Weaver et al. {1985, 1986) have been generalized to anisotropic models , which allows us to circumvent the inconsistency in boundary conditions for derived MT fields in heterogeneous media, as well as to increase the accuracy of the numerical evaluation of secondary fields and MT functions.
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  • 74
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    In:  Protokoll über das Kolloquium Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: 18. Kolloquium: Altenberg, 20.3. - 24.3.2000
    Publication Date: 2021-09-15
    Description: In the past 10 to 15 years, the interest in the deep subsurface of the North German basin and its oil and gas potential has grown considerably . Geophysical studies on the geologicaltectonic structure of the deep basin, its genesis and development as well as the time-space distribution of hydrocarbons have been concentrated primarily on reflection seismics. However, at depths below the prominent Zechstein-base reflector, few structural details are available. Besides other potential methods providing information at this depth range, e.g. magnetics and gravity, the magnetotelluric method is well suited to investigate the electrical conductivity distribution. Since 1993, magnetotelluric surveys (Fig. 1) focused on hydrocarbon exploration have been performed in Northern Germany by the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) in cooperation with the Institute of Geophysics of the University of Mtinster (HOFFMANNet al. 1998). This not very often used hydrocarbon exploration method is based on the observation that the electrical properties of highly mature source rock drastically change from poor to extremely good conductivity due to the pre-graphitization of organic matter when the metaanthracite stage of coalification is reached (JODICKE 1991). Using the magnetotelluric method, such conductors may be readily localized at large depths.
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  • 75
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    In:  Protokoll über das Kolloquium Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: 18. Kolloquium: Altenberg, 20.3. - 24.3.2000
    Publication Date: 2021-09-10
    Description: One-dimensional CSAMT and CSAMT-LOTEM joint inversion are implemented into an existing 1-0 joint inversion code. Instead of apparent resistivity and phase impedance, real and imaginary parts of the impedance are used as inverted data to avoid artificial data in near-field region and unsymmetrical scale between the two types of data. Since the values of the imaginary component can be negative, the inverse hyperbolises function is used to represent the logarithmic feature of the data. By testing to the synthetic data, the use of real and imaginary component of the impedance as inversion variables give relatively the same quality in estimating inverted model, but with less iteration number. The inversion routine is also successfully applied to the CSAMT and LOTEM data at Merapi both as singles and joint inversion.
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  • 76
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    In:  Protokoll über das Kolloquium Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung: 18. Kolloquium: Altenberg, 20.3. - 24.3.2000
    Publication Date: 2021-09-10
    Language: English
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-24
    Description: A Databank was created using data from 25 local catalogues and 30 special studies of earthquakes in central, northern and northwestern Europe. Event types were discriminated, fake events and duplets eliminated, and different magnitudes and intensities converted to Mw. The conversions require the establishment of regression equations. The Catalogue contains tectonic events from the Databank within the area 44°N-72°N, 25°W-32°E and the time period 1300-1993 which have Mw magnitudes of 3.50 and larger. The area is covered by different polygons. Within each polygon only data from one or a small number of the local catalogues, supplemented by data from special studies, enter the Catalogue. If there are two or more such catalogues or studies providing a solution for an event, a priority algorithm selects one entry for the Catalogue. Then Mw is calculated from one of the magnitude types, or from macroseismic data, given by the selected entry according to another priority scheme. The origin time, location, Mw magnitude and reference are specified for each entry of the Catalogue. So is the epicentral intensity, I0, if provided by the original source. Following these criteria, a total of about 5,000 earthquakes constitute the Catalogue. Although originally derived for the purpose of seismic hazard calculation within GSHAP, the Catalogue provides a data base for many types of seismicity and seismic hazard studies.
    Language: English
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-20
    Description: The report describes the main results of investigations performed in 2001 year in framework of a research contract between GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) and the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (IRE).
    Language: English
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-20
    Description: After a gap of nearly two decades since the Magsat mission in 1980, the dedicated low-orbit potential field mission CHAMP is now in the third of its seven year mission. Already, the new magnetic total intensity and vector data have yielded maps of the global crustal field of unprecedented accuracy and resolution. Here, we assess the value of these maps to infer deep crustal structure of regions overlain by younger cover. A GIS based modelling technique has been developed to model the various geological units of the continents starting from the geological map of the world. Depending upon the known rock types of the region, they are assigned a standard susceptibility value and using the global seismic crustal structure, a vertically integrated susceptibility (VIS) model is computed at each point of the region. Starting with this initial VIS model, the vertical field anomaly is computed at a satellite altitude of 400 km and compared with the corresponding CHAMP vertical field anomaly map. The first comparison is carried out against a model using the lateral extent of a cratonic region as given by published tectonic maps. In the subsequent modelling step, depending upon the extent of the observed anomaly pattern of that region, the surface geology is extended beneath the sediments until the recomputed map fits the observed magnetic anomaly map. Here, we focus on modelling results for the selected few provinces of the world where the initial model does not agree with the observed anomaly map. Similar modelling of CHAMP satellite magnetic anomalies can constrain the subsurface structure hidden by Phanerozoic cover in many parts of the world.
    Language: English
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-20
    Description: The Dead Sea Transform (DST) is a prominent shear zone in the Middle East. It separates the Arabian plate from the Sinai microplate and stretches from the Red Sea rift in the south via the Dead Sea to the Taurus-Zagros collision zone in the north. Formed in the Miocene »17 Ma ago and related to the breakup of the Afro-Arabian continent, the DST accommodates the left-lateral movement between the two plates. The study area is located in the Arava Valley between the Dead Sea and the Red Sea, centered across the Arava Fault (AF), which constitutes the major branch of the transform in this region. A set of seismic experiments comprising controlled sources, linear profiles across the fault, and specifically designed receiver arrays reveals the subsurface structure in the vicinity of the AF and of the fault zone itself down to about 3–4 km depth. A tomographically determined seismic P velocity model shows a pronounced velocity contrast near the fault with lower velocities on the western side than east of it. Additionally, S waves from local earthquakes provide an average P -to-S velocity ratio in the study area, and there are indications for a variations across the fault. High-resolution tomographic velocity sections and seismic reflection profiles confirm the surface trace of the AF, and observed features correlate well with fault-related geological observations. Coincident electrical resistivity sections from magnetotelluric measurements across the AF show a conductive layer west of the fault, resistive regions east of it, and a marked contrast near the trace of the AF, which seems to act as an impermeable barrier for fluid flow. The correlation of seismic velocities and electrical resistivities lead to a characterisation of subsurface lithologies from their physical properties. Whereas the western side of the fault is characterised by a layered structure, the eastern side is rather uniform. The vertical boundary between the western and the eastern units seems to be offset to the east of the AF surface trace. A modelling of fault-zone reflected waves indicates that the boundary between low and high velocities is possibly rather sharp but exhibits a rough surface on the length scale a few hundreds of metres. This gives rise to scattering of seismic waves at this boundary. The imaging (migration) method used is based on array beamforming and coherency analysis of P -to-P scattered seismic phases. Careful assessment of the resolution ensures reliable imaging results. The western low velocities correspond to the young sedimentary fill in the Arava Valley, and the high velocities in the east reflect mainly Precambrian igneous rocks. A 7 km long subvertical scattering zone (reflector) is offset about 1 km east of the AF surface trace and can be imaged from 1 km to about 4 km depth. The reflector marks the boundary between two lithological blocks juxtaposed most probably by displacement along the DST. This interpretation as a lithological boundary is supported by the combined seismic and magnetotelluric analysis. The boundary may be a strand of the AF, which is offset from the current, recently active surface trace. The total slip of the DST may be distributed spatially and in time over these two strands and possibly other faults in the area.
    Description: Ein transversales Störungssystem im Nahen Osten, die Dead Sea Transform (DST), trennt die Arabische Platte von der Sinai-Mikroplatte und erstreckt sich von Süden nach Norden vom Extensionsgebiet im Roten Meer über das Tote Meer bis zur Taurus-Zagros Kollisionszone. Die sinistrale DST bildete sich im Miozän vor »17 Ma und steht mit dem Aufbrechen des Afro-Arabischen Kontinents in Verbindung. Das Untersuchungsgebiet liegt im Arava Tal zwischen Totem und Rotem Meer, mittig über der Arava Störung (Arava Fault, AF), die hier den Hauptast der DST bildet. Eine Reihe seismischer Experimente, aufgebaut aus künstlichen Quellen, linearen Profilen über die Störung und entsprechend entworfenen Empfänger-Arrays, zeigt die Untergrundstruktur in der Umgebung der AF und der Verwerfungszone selbst bis in eine Tiefe von 3–4 km. Ein tomographisch bestimmtes Modell der seismischen Geschwindigkeiten von P-Wellen zeigt einen starken Kontrast nahe der AF mit niedrigeren Geschwindigkeiten auf der westlichen Seite als im Osten. Scherwellen lokaler Erdbeben liefern ein mittleres P -zu-S Geschwindigkeitsverhältnis und es gibt Anzeichen für Änderungen über die Störung hinweg. Hoch aufgelöste tomographische Geschwindigkeitsmodelle bestätigen der Verlauf der AF und stimmen gut mit der Oberflächengeologie überein. Modelle des elektrischen Widerstands aus magnetotellurischen Messungen im selben Gebiet zeigen eine leitfähige Schicht westlich der AF, schlecht leitendes Material östlich davon und einen starken Kontrast nahe der AF, die den Fluss von Fluiden von einer Seite zur anderen zu verhindern scheint. Die Korrelation seismischer Geschwindigkeiten und elektrischer Widerstände erlaubt eine Charakterisierung verschiedener Lithologien im Untergrund aus deren physikalischen Eigenschaften. Die westliche Seite lässt sich durch eine geschichtete Struktur beschreiben, wogegen die östliche Seite eher einheitlich erscheint. Die senkrechte Grenze zwischen den westlichen Einheiten und der östlichen scheint gegenüber der Oberflächenausprägung der AF nach Osten verschoben zu sein. Eine Modellierung von seismischen Reflexionen an einer Störung deutet an, dass die Grenze zwischen niedrigen und hohen Geschwindigkeiten eher scharf ist, sich aber durch eine raue Oberfläche auf der Längenskala einiger hundert Meter auszeichnen kann, was die Streuung seismischer Wellen begünstigte. Das verwendete Abbildungsverfahren (Migrationsverfahren) für seismische Streukörper basiert auf Array Beamforming und der Kohärenzanalyse P -zu-P gestreuter seismischer Phasen. Eine sorgfältige Bestimmung der Auflösung sichert zuverlässige Abbildungsergebnisse. Die niedrigen Geschwindigkeiten im Westen entsprechen der jungen sedimentären Füllung im Arava Tal, und die hohen Geschwindigkeiten stehen mit den dortigen präkambrischen Magmatiten in Verbindung. Eine 7 km lange Zone seismischer Streuung (Reflektor) ist gegenüber der an der Oberfläche sichtbaren AF um 1 km nach Osten verschoben und lässt sich im Tiefenbereich von 1 km bis 4 km abbilden. Dieser Reflektor markiert die Grenze zwischen zwei lithologischen Blöcken, die vermutlich wegen des horizontalen Versatzes entlang der DST nebeneinander zu liegen kamen. Diese Interpretation als lithologische Grenze wird durch die gemeinsame Auswertung der seismischen und magnetotellurischen Modelle gestützt. Die Grenze ist möglicherweise ein Ast der AF, der versetzt gegenüber des heutigen, aktiven Asts verläuft. Der Gesamtversatz der DST könnte räumlich und zeitlich auf diese beiden Äste und möglicherweise auch auf andere Störungen in dem Gebiet verteilt sein.
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-19
    Language: English
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-19
    Language: English
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-18
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-08
    Description: In this thesis the subduction zone of the Central Andes is studied. The Andes have formed in a complex interplay of subduction related and tectonic processes. The Central Andes with the associated Altiplano-Puna high plateau constitute the second largest continental land-mass on earth, rivaled only by the Tibetan highland. Whereas in the case of the Himalayas , where two buoyant continental plates collide, crustal thickening and uplift is quite intuitive, processes leading to formation of a plateau above a subduction zone are puzzling.
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2021-08-08
    Language: English
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-08
    Description: Polar motion data is available from the mid-19th century to the present. Based on time series with a variety of sampling intervals (monthly, 0.05-year, 5-day and daily), we have separated the low-frequency terms by low-pass filtering and the Chandler and annual terms by recursive band-pass filtering of the pole coordinates. Using a simple unweighted least-squares fit to the filtered low-frequency terms, the linear trends of the rotation pole were estimated. Assessing the estimates based on intercomparisons, the most reliable trend estimate was found. Using a Fast Fourier Transform, we have computed the prograde, retrograde and total amplitude spectra of the low-frequency part of polar motion in order to reveal the long-periodic signals. The characteristics and time evolution of the Chandler and annual wobbles are described by changes in their parameters (radii, directions and period lengths) over one century.
    Language: English
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  • 87
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-08
    Description: The LaCoste & Romberg gravity meter S124b and its associated system environment were installed and tested in conjunction with a strap-down gravity meter system (SAGS) of the Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften in Munich on a Cessna Grand Caravan of the DLR in Oberpfaffenhofen. This report describes the design and instrumentation of the aerogravimetry system, it documents the installation on the aircraft and it discusses some of the results of the test flights performed within AGFA (Airborne Gravity Flight Approach). Beyond the documentation of the system this report gives a short introduction to the basics of the instruments including a short theory of their operation and data processing. The intention is to give readers from disciplines other than aero-gravimetry and aero-altimetry a technical insight into how the system works and what it is capable of. This should help the reader to evaluate the systems usefulness in other geo-scientific projects. The experiences from the test flights are briefly summarized and an update of the current status and future plans for the individual instruments is given. The aerogravimetry system consists of two major instrument blocks: the gravimetry sensing system and the positioning system. The gravimetry sensors are the LaCoste & Romberg S124b and the SAGS-2.2 systems. The navigation block holds GPS receivers, an inertial navigation system and a laser altimeter. The aircraft used for the primary tests was a Cessna Grand Caravan of the DLR in Oberpfaffenhofen. It offers superb conditions for scientific installations and is widely used in geophysical exploration all over the world. The test flights were flown from Oberpfaffenhofen airport. One profile covers the Bavarian Alps to map short wavelength, topography induced gravity disturbances, and another flight crosses the Rhine Graben to map long wavelength structures of the deeper crust. The software for data processing for navigation, gravimetry and geoid calculations is briefly summarized.
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2021-08-08
    Description: This study attemps to identify and quantify the parameters that control mass-transfer modes in brittle tectonically erosive and accretive forearc settings. Scaled analogue simulations, which are specifically designed for this task, are compared with the convergent Chilean Margin that demonstrates both of these mass-transfer modes. Analogue simulation of geodynamic processes requires granular materials (e. g. sand) that deforms similarly to typical crustal rocks. Accordingly, a parameter study is performed, which yields general insight in the basic mechanics of highly-idealised convergent sand wedges.
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-08
    Description: Compared to the Chandler and annual wobbles, the higher-frequency components of polar motion (PM) have substantially smaller amplitudes. Therefore, their study had to wait until higher-quality time series with high temporal resolution, as measured by space geodetic techniques, became available. Based on the combined Earth orientation series SPACE99 computed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) from 1976 to 2000 at daily intervals, we have separated the periodic PM terms by band-pass filtering and found that the persistence of oscillations becomes less with increasing frequency (H¨opfner 2001a, b). In order to quantify and better describe the parameter variability of these PM components over time, particularly of eight oscillations with periods ranging between about 650 and 45 days, we computed the radii, direction angles and period lengths from the periodic terms filtered out from the time series. The results clearly show the characteristics and time evolution of the periodic PM components that are important for geophysical interpretations.
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-08
    Description: The Effect of the Geocentric Gravitational Constant on Scale: It is well known that the geocentric gravitational constant (GM) is a scaling factor for the reference frame realized by satellite techniques. One must be aware that its effects on the orbit and on the terrestrial reference frame (station positions) are different. The scale effect on restituted orbits is 1/3* (dGM/GM) (relative error of GM) for all kinds of satellites. But the effect on the terrestrial frame depends on the height of the satellites, on tracking techniques and on the solved for parameters. For ranging techniques such as SLR, the scale variation of the terrestrial frame is 1/3*(dGM/GM)*(rSat) / (rEarth), if the range biases are not solved for. For GPS the GM error is mostly absorbed by the clock estimates (or eliminated by the double differences), only the remaining few percents go into the scale of terrestrial reference frame. For instance if one is using a GM value of 3.986004418 1014 m3/s2 instead of 3.986004415 1014 m3/s2 (relative variation is 7.5 10-10) the scale variation of the terrestrial frame is only about 6 10-11. Physically, the error in the z-direction of the antenna phase center offsets on board GPS has nothing to do with GM. But its effect on the terrestrial reference frame is practically equivalent to an error in GM. For instance, if all GPS satellites have a 7.1 cm error in dz, the effect on the station position is equivalent to a relative error of 8 10-9 in GM (e.g. changing GM from 3.986004418 to 3.986004386 1014 m3/s2). Satellite Antenna Phase Center Offsets and Scale Errors in GPS Solutions: ITRF2000 solutions (see Lareg, 2001) have shown that there are ppb level scale differences between GPS and other techniques and among various GPS Analysis Centers. The trends of the scale differences reach 0.2 ppb per year. The uncertainties of the current available Earth’s gravitational constant could only cause less than 0.1 ppb scale error for GPS technique. On the other hand, the uncertainties in the satellite antenna phase center offsets could produce ppb level scale error. Various BLOCK types of GPS satellites have different phase center errors. The number of BLOCK IIR satellites increases from year to year. This could cause trend-like variations in the scale error. Beside station positions, satellite antenna phase center errors affect also the clock, Zenith Path Delay, and other solved for parameters perceptibly.
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2021-08-08
    Description: Chandler and annual wobbles based on space-geodetic measurements: In this study, we examine the major components of polar motion, focusing on quantifying their temporal variability. In particular, by using the combined Earth orientation series SPACE99 computed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) from 1976 to 2000 at daily intervals, the Chandler and annual wobbles are separated by recursive band-pass filtering of the χ1- and χ2 -components. Then, for the trigonometric, exponential, and elliptic forms of representation, the parameters including their uncertainties are computed at epochs using quarterly sampling. The characteristics and temporal evolution of the wobbles are presented, as well as a summary of estimates of different parameters for four epochs.
    Description: Polar motions with a half-Chandler period and less in their temporal variability: Our study focuses on the observed higher-frequency polar motions that are substantially smaller than the Chandler and annual wobbles. Here, the combined Earth orientation series SPACE99 from 1976 to 2000 with one-day sampling is used as input data, after removing the low-frequency, the Chandler and annual terms. We applied a data processing procedure including four steps, each computing the amplitude spectrum by a Fast Fourier Transform in order to reveal the periodic signals in the residual motions, and then separating their components from the residual time series by band-pass filtering. In particular, the oscillations have the following periods: Semi-Chandler and semi-annual periods and those of order four, three, two, and one and a half months, as well as quasi-biennial and 300-day periods. We show to what extent the observed polar motions are irregularly occurring. A very small polar motion signal with the period of one month is still found in the remaining motions.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 92
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-08
    Description: The Altiplano represents a key region of the Central Andes, where the interplay between faults and syn-tectonic sediments allow the reconstruction of the kinematic evolution of the Central Andean high plateau. This study aims, by the use of incrementally-balanced crosssections, interpretation of reflection-seismic profiles, 3D strain analysis, gravity data interpretation, isotopic-age dating, and surface observations, to reconstruct the geological and tectonic history of the Southern Altiplano at 21o S between the Eastern and the Western Cordillera. The Southern Altiplano is a complex intramontane basin with 6-8km Cenozoic fill. It can be structurally divided in three domains; the Eastern, Central, and Western Altiplano. 2D balanced cross-sections based on seismic-reflector analysis and field observations show that the Eastern Altiplano is the buried, thin-skinned deformation front of the western part of the Eastern Cordillera's bivergent thrust system. The 20-40° dipping, blind faults merge into a shallow, eastward-dipping detachment at 7-9km depth that continues into the Eastern Cordillera. The Central Altiplano forms a bivergent system with 30-90° dipping, basement-involving thrusts in the east, and fault-propagation folds in the west. The shallow, westward-dipping detachment lies at 9-10km depth and possibly continues into the Western Altiplano, which forms a separate bivergent thrust-system.The computer-aided (GeoSec and 2DMove), incremental restoration of the balanced crosssections of the Eastern and Central Altiplano, and preliminary line-length balancing of the Western Altiplano, yields 38km shortening due to folding and thrusting. 3D strain analysis of sandstone grain shapes reveals that an additional 7.7% of shortening was accumulated as ductile, micro-scale strain. This increases the total shortening in the entire cross-section of the Southern Altiplano at 21° S to 60km or 21%. In addition, I suggest that the contribution of outcrop-scale structures possibly accounts for another 20 km. 3D strain analysis further shows that the 7.7% of microscale strain were accompanied by 13% orogen-parallel extension. These shortening estimates more than double the published shortening values from the Altiplano. Crustal thickening and plateau uplift in the arc-backarc domain of the South American convergent margin took place during the Cenozoic. K-Ar and Ar-Ar age-dating on syn-tectonic sediments, together with seismic-sequence analysis, demonstrates that the Southern Altiplano structure formed during two independent compressional increments (Early Oligocene [〉27 Ma] and Middle/Late Miocene [17-8 Ma]), which were preceded by an Eocene/Oligocene extensional event that led to the formation of a half graben in the Central, and possibly a second in the Eastern Altiplano. Horizontal contraction of the Altiplano ended between 11-8 Ma, was indicated by the age of undeformed volcanic rocks. Detailed seismic analysis of single syn-tectonic basins combined with isotopic ages of syntectonic sediments, reveal a complex deformation history characterised by spatially and temporally irregular fault activation, which excludes the existence of large-scale eastward or westward propagating deformation during plateau formation. This diffuse pattern of deformation was characteristic for the entire plateau domain, i.e. from the western flank to the eastern edge of the Eastern Cordillera, during a first stage of plateau formation between 30 and 10 Ma. This possibly indicates that the plateau has remained flat since its formation and did not evolve from an initially doubly-vergent orogen. The syn-tectonic stratigraphic units of the Southern Altiplano domain overlie shallow marine, Late Cretaceous sediments that still form a sub-horizontal regional near sea level. This indicates that plateau surface-uplift in this part of the plateau was mainly achieved by sedimentary in fill of tectonically-controlled, internally-drained basins, and not by tectonic uplift. The tectonic evolution of the Southern Altiplano was largely accompanied by magmatic activity. An episode of strong volcanic activity affected the entire width of the Altiplano and adjacent parts of the Eastern Cordillera between 25-8 Ma. However, a causal relationship between magmatism and deformation could not be shown for the Southern Altiplano. Strong Oligocene/Miocene volcanic activity, together with the diffuse pattern of deformation, suggests that the formation of the Altiplano Plateau was initiated by magmatically-controlled thermal weakening of the crust, possibly as the result of the removal of the mantle lithosphere. At present, the Altiplano has a flat topography, high heat-flow, and is spatially related to a variety of geophysical anomalies that are interpreted as partial melting of the middle crust (20-40km depth). From this evidence, I propose that the process of plateau formation is still active.
    Language: English
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  • 93
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-07
    Description: This report describes the set-up, logistics and results of the CHICAGO (Chilean Coastal AeroGeophysical Observations) survey. It gives a short overview about the scientific intentions, detailed documentation of all technical aspects starting from the survey equipment via the aircraft installation to the GPS stations set-up and the experiences in flight. All processing results for the individual profiles are discussed in detail. Finally, the data is compared and combined with available recent marine gravity data and altimetry derived solutions.
    Language: English
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2021-07-28
    Description: We review the historical, geological, tide-gauge, GPS and gravimetric evidence advanced in favour of or against continuing land uplift around Hudson Bay, Canada. After this, we reanalyse the tide-gauge and GPS data for Churchill using longer time series than those available to previous investigators. The dependence of the mean rate of relative sea-level change obtained on the length and mid-epoch of the observation interval considered is investigated by means of the newly developed linear-trend analysis diagram. For studying the shorter-period variability of the tide-gauge record, the continuous-wavelet transform is used. The mean rate of land uplift obtained from GPS is based on a new analysis using IGS solutions of GFZ. Furthermore, sea-level indicators from the Churchill region representing the relative sea-level history during the past 8000 a are included. Finally, the four types of observable are jointly inverted in terms of mantle viscosity. The optimum values are 3×10^20 Pa s and 1.6 × 10^22 Pa s for the upper- and lower-mantle viscosities, respectively.
    Language: English
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2021-07-28
    Description: Recently released global gravity field models generated solely from CHAMP and GRACE satellite observations allow with an unprecedented accuracy and resolution the recovery of the mean sea surface topography from the difference between an altimetry-based mean sea surface height model and the gravity model's derived geoid. Here the CHAMP EIGEN-2 gravity field model, and the first GFZ GRACE gravity model, EIGEN-GRACE01S, are used. The mean sea surface height model has been compiled from four years'; worth of TOPEX altimeter data. To evaluate the accuracy and resolution limits of the CHAMP and GRACE geoids for the envisaged application, a low pass filter in the spatial domain with different cut-off wavelengths has been applied to the geoid and sea surface data before subtraction. The minimum wavelength, where noisy and erroneous features in the recovered sea surface topography are minimised, can be interpreted as an indicator for the best suited common spatial resolution. The EIGEN-2 model's geoid has been tested to have a resolution of 1800 km, which corresponds to a truncation degree of l = 22 in terms of spherical harmonics. Using the EIGEN-GRACE01S model, the resolution could be extended to 1000 km (l = 40). These boundaries can be attributed to the geoid's error, exceeding 2 cm in case of the CHAMP model, and in case of the GRACE model to spurious systematic signals increasing with increasing spherical harmonic degree. The calculated sea surface topography models have been used to derive absolute geostrophic sea surface velocities. An error propagation shows that the requirement of 1 cm/s for geoid induced velocity errors is fulfilled at the given resolutions for all latitudes excluding a narrow equatorial band. Maximum geostrophic velocities are derived in the 1000 km-resolution model for the Kuroshio region with 40 cm/s, and for the Gulf Stream east off Cape Hatteras with 25 cm/s.
    Language: English
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  • 96
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-07-25
    Description: This manual outlines the characteristics and structure of the software and describes how to use the software. The principles and new features are outlined systematically and referred partly to existing references. Numerical examples of multi-functions and internal tests as well as external comparisons are given.
    Language: English
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  • 97
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-07-25
    Description: This report is also published as Scientific Report No. 04-9 of the Danish Meteorological Institute.
    Language: English
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  • 98
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-07-25
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
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  • 99
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press
    Call number: IASS 21.94542
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 370 S , graph. Darst
    Edition: Transferred to digital print.
    ISBN: 0521640830 , 0521646871 , 0521640830
    Language: English
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 100
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    Barcelona : Universidad Politécnica e Cataluña | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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