ALBERT

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Vorwort. - 1. Wasserkreislauf, Wassermengen und Eigenschaften des Wassers. - 1.1. Herkunft des Wassers auf dem Festlande. - 1.2. Wassermengen auf der Erde. - 1.3. Wichtige Eigenschaften des Wassers. - 2. Flüsse. - 2.1. Fluß und Flußsystem. - 2.1.1. Bildung von Flüssen. - 2.1.2. Wichtige Begriffe aus der Flußkunde. - 2.1.3. Wichtige flußmorphametrische Begriffe. - 2.2. Gewässersystemarten. - 2.2.1. Normaltyp. - 2.2.2. Jungmoränentyp. - 2.2.3. Fossiler Inlandeisrandtyp im nördlichen Mitteleuropa. - 2.2.4. Trockengebietstyp. - 2.2.5. Karsttyp. - 2.3. Fluß und Relief. - 2.3.1. Fluß- und Talanlage. - 2.3.2. Durchbruchstäler. - 2.3.2.1. Epigenetische Durchbruchstalstrecken. - 2.3.2.2. Antezedente Durchbruchstalstrecken. - 2.3.3. Flußanzapfungen und Überschüttung von Wasserscheiden. - 2.3.4. Gewässer und Relief im Jungmoränenland. - 2.3.4.1. Phasen der Flußentwicklung im Jungmoränengebiet. - 2.3.4.2. Phasen der Seenentwicklung im Jungmoränengebiet. - 2.3.4.3. Ineinandergreifen beider Entwicklungsreihen. - 2.4. Abfluß und Schwankungen des Abflusses. - 2.4.1. Erfassung des Wasserstandes und Abflusses. - 2.4.1.1. Wasserstandsmessung. - 2.4.1.2. Abflußmessung. - 2.4.1.3. Abflußkurve und Abflußtafel. - 2.4.1.4. Hydrologisches Jahr und hydrologische Hauptzahlen. - 2.4.2. Abfluß und Abflußschwankungen. - 2.4.2.1. Hochwasser. - 2.4.2.2. Niedrigwasser. - 2.4.3. Eisbildung in Flüssen. - 2.4.4. Materialtransport. - 2.5. Riesenströme und Abfluß von den Kontinenten. - 2.5.1. Ordnung der Stromriesen nach der Lauflänge. - 2.5.2. Rangordnung der Riesenströme nach ihrer Einzugsgebiets- bzw. ihrer Niederschlagsgebietsgröße. - 2.5.3. Mittlerer jährlicher Abfluß der größten Ströme. - 2.5.4. Abflußmäßig größte Flüsse Europas. - 2.5.5. Mittlerer jährlicher Abfluß (MQ) und weitere Abflußdaten (MHQ, MNQ, HHQ und NNQ) von Flüssen der DDR. - 2.5.6. Abfluß von den Kontinenten. - 2.6. Abflußregime. - 2.6.1. Abflußregime und Regimefaktoren. - 2.6.2. Abflußregime nach M. Parde. - 2.6.2.1. Grundlagen der Klassifizierung nach M. Parde. - 2.6.2.2. Übersicht über die Klassifikation der Abflußregime nach M. Parde. - 2.6.2.3. Einige Bemerkungen zur Klassifikation von M. Parde und weiterführende Versuche. - 3. Seen. - 3.1. Seenverbreitung. - 3.1.1. Seen in ehemaligen und heutigen Inlandeis und Gletschergebieten. - 3.1.2. Seen in Trockengebieten. - 3.1.3. Seen in Vulkangebieten und Bereichen junger Erdkrustenbewegungen. - 3.1.4. Seen in Karst- und Auslaugungsgebieten. - 3.1.5. Seen in breiten Flußebenen. - 3.1.6. Seen an Ausgleichsküsten. - 3.2. Seebeckenentstehung. - 3.2.1. Glazialbecken. - 3.2.1.1. Seebecken im Bereich heutiger Gebirgsvergletscherung oder Inlandeisbedeckung. - 3.2.1.2. Seebecken im Abtragungsbereich letzteiszeitlicher Vergletscherung und Inlandeisbedeckung. - 3.2.1.3. Seebecken im Aufschüttungsbereich letzteiszeitlicher Inlandeisbedeckung und Vergletscherung. - 3.2.2. Bergsturz- und Erdrutschbecken. - 3.2.3. Tektonisch und vulkanisch angelegte Becken. - 3.2.4. Windwirkungsbecken. - 3.2.5. Lösungs- und Auslaugungsbecken, Abdämmung durch Sinterbildung. - 3.2.6. Becken fluvialen Ursprungs. - 3.2.7. Becken an Küsten. - 3.2.8. Becken pflanzlichen und tierischen Ursprungs. - 3.2.9. Anthropogen (durch die menschliche Gesellschaft) geschaffene Becken. - 3.2.10. Meteoritenfallbecken. - 3.3. Gestaltung, Verlandung und Form der Seebecken. - 3.4. Wasserhaushalt von Seen. - 3.5. Dichtemaximum und temperaturabhängige Schichtung des Wassers. - 3.6. Zirkulation und Stagnation. - 3.7. Thermische Seetypen. - 3.8. Biologische Seetypen. - 4. Unterirdisches Wasser (von Josef Saratka). - 4.1. Arten des unterirdischen Wassers. - 4.2. Hydrogeologische Eigenschaften der Gesteine. - 4.3. Bildung des unterirdischen Wassers. - 4.4. Zehrung des unterirdischen Wassers. - 4.5. Einige wichtige geohydrologische Begriffe. - 4.6. Grundwasserbewegung. - 4.7. Grundwasserstandsschwankungen. - 4.8. Unterirdisches Wasser in Klüften und Spalten, auf Schichtflächen und in Karsthohlräumen. - 4.9. Quellen und Grundwasserblänken. - 4.10. Mineralwässer- Säuerlinge - Thermalwässer. - 5. Gletscher. - 5.1. Inlandeis- und Gletscherverbreitung sowie Mächtigkeiten. - 5.2. Gletscherbildung. - 5.2.1. Schneegrenzen und Firnlinie. - 5.2.2. Metamorphose (Umwandlung) des Schnees in Gletschereis. - 5.3. Gletschertypen. - 5.3.1. Geomorphologische Einteilung der Gletscher. - 5.3.2. Gletschertypen - im Sinne einer einheitlichen Terminologie (nach H.-J. Schneider). - 5.3.3. Geophysikalische Einteilung der Gletscher (nach H. W. Ahlmann und M. Lagally). - 5.3.4. Einteilung der Gletscher nach dem dynamischen Zustand (nach H. W. Ahlmann). - 5.4. Gletscherbewegung und -gefüge. - 5.4.1. Gletscherbewegung. - 5.4.2. Gletschergefüge. - 5.5. Gletscherhaushalt und Gletscherschwankungen. - 5.5.1. Gletscherhaushalt. - 5.5.2. Gletscherschwankungen. - 6. Wasserkreislauf und Wasserhaushaltsbilanz. - 6.1. Erforschung von Wasserkreislauf und Wasserhaushaltsbilanz. - 6.2. Wichtige Begriffe. - 6.3. Wasserhaushaltsgleichung für die Erde. - 6.4. Erfassung der Wasserhaushaltselemente. - 6.4.1. Niederschlag auf die Landflächen der Erde (N L). - 6.4.2. Abfluß von den Landflächen der Erde (AL). - 6.4.3. Verdunstung von den Landflächen (VL). - 6.4.4. Verdunstung von den Meeresflächen (VM). - 6.4.5. Niederschlag auf die Meeresflächen (NM). - 6.5. Wasserkreislauf und Wasserhaushaltsbilanz der Erde. - 6.5.1. Wasserhaushaltsbilanzen für die Erde. - 6.5.2. Wasserkreislauf und Wasserhaushaltsbilanz der Erde. - Literaturauswahl.

Note: In kyrill. Schr.

Note: Contents: Figures. - Tables. - Preface. - Illustrations. - 1. Introduction. - 1.1 Background. - 1.2 Scope of the text. - 1.3 World vegetation types. - 1.3.1 Vegetation formations and zones. - 1.3.2 Zonobiomes. - 1.3.3 Exoclimates. - 1.3.4 The Canadian vegetation classification system. - 1.3.5 Ecozones. - 1.3.6 Floristic realms. - 1.3.7 Plant species nomenclature. - 1.4 Soil classification and soil systems. - 1.5 Climatic parameters. - 1.5.1 The role of climate. - 1.5.2 Moisture indices. - 1.5.3 Climate diagrams. - 1.6 Plant strategies. - 1.6.1 Competition. - 1.6.2 Hydrature and moisture regulation. - 1.6.3 Life forms. - 1.6.4 Leaf morphology and adaptation. - 1.7 Biomass and net primary productivity. - 2. Tundra 2.1 Tundra distribution. - 2.2 Climate. - 2.3 Soils. - 2.4 Tundra in North America. - 2.4.1 Ecoclimatic sub-provinces and regions. - 2.4.2 High and mid-Arctic. - 2.4.3 Low Arctic. - 2.5 Tundra in other Northern Hemisphere locations. - 2.5.1 Arctic Tundra. - 2.5.2 Typical Tundra. - 2.5.3 Southern Tundra. - 2.5.4 Tundra on Arctic Islands. - 2.6 Tundea in the Southern Hemisphere. - 2.6.1 The Antarctic Subregion. - 2.6.2 The Sub-Antarctic Subregion. - 2.7 Alpine Tundra. - 2.7.1 Temperate-latitude alpine Tundra. - 2.7.2 Low-latitude (equatorial) alpine Tundra. - 2.8 Primary production and phytomass in Tundra. - 3. Forest-Tundra or Boreal-Tundra Ecotone. - 3.1 Definitions. - 3.2 Distribution. - 3.3 Climate. - 3.4 Soils. - 3.5 Forest-Tundra in Canada. - 3.5.1 Ecoclimatic sub-provinces. - 3.5.2 The shrub subzone (Northern Forest-Tundra). - 3.5.3 The forest subzone (Southern Forest Tundra). - 3.6 Eurasian Forest-Tundra. - 3.7 Primary production and phytomass in forest-Tundra. - 4. Boreal Forest (Taiga) and Mixed Forest Transition. - 4.1 Distribution. - 4.2 Climate. - 4.3 Soils. - 4.4 Boreal forest in North America. - 4.4.1 Open Lichen Woodland. - 4.4.2 Northern Coniferous Forest. - 4.4.3 Mixed-Forest (Boreal-Broadleaf ecotone). - 4.4.4 Mixed-Forest transition to grassland (Northern Mixedwoods). - 4.5 Eurasian Boreal. - 4.5.1 The European Boreal. - 4.5.2 The Siberian Boreal. - 4.5.3 Northwest Pacific Fringe Boreal. - 4.6 Primary production and phytomass in boreal forest. - 5. Prairie (Steppe). - 5.1 Distribution. - 5.2 Climate. - 5.2.1 North America. - 5.2.2 Climate in Eurasia and elsewhere. - 5.3 Soils. - 5.4 Prairie in North America. - 5.4.1 The Canadian Prairie. - 5.4.2 Prairie in the USA. - 5.5. Eurasian Steppe. - 5.6 Southern Hemisphere Grasslands. - 5.6.1 The High Veldt. - 5.6.2 The Pampas/Campos Grasslands. - 5.7 Primary production and biomass. - 6. Cordilleran Environments in Western North America. - 6.1 Canada's Cordilleran ecoclimatic provinces. - 6.1.1 Distribution. - 6.1.2 Climate. - 6.1.3 Soils. - 6.1.4 Pacific Coastal Mesothermal Forest. - 6.1.5 Pacific Coastal Subalpine Forest. - 6.1.6 Cordilleran Forest Region. - 6.1.7 Cordilleran Cold Steppe and Savanna Forst. - 6.1.8 Canadian Cordilleran Subalpine Forest. - 6.1.9 Alpine Tundra and Boreal Forest. - 6.2 The Cordilleran Region in the USA. - 6.2.1 Distribution. - 6.2.2 Northwest Coast Conifer-Hardwood Forests. - 6.2.3 Montane Pine Forests. - 6.2.4 Sagebrush and Grasslands. - 6.2.5 Interior Hemlock-Douglas-Fir-Larch. - 6.2.6 Subalpine Forest. - 6.3 Primary Production and Phytomass. - 7. Temperate Deciduous Forests. - 7.1 Distribution. - 7.2 Climate. - 7.3 Soils. - 7.4 Temperate Deciduous Forest in North America. - 7.4.1 Canada. - 7.4.2 United States of America. - 7.4.3 Southern Mexico and South America. - 7.5 Europe. - 7.5.1 Atlantic Deciduous Forest. - 7.5.2 Central European Deciduous Forest. - 7.5.3 East European Deciduous Forest. - 7.6 Asia. - 7.7 Southern Hemisphere. - 7.8 Primary Production and Phytomass. - 8. Wetlands. - 8.1 Introduction. - 8.2 Climate. - 8.3 Soils. - 8.4 Canadian Wetland Classification. - 8.4.1 Canadian Wetland Classification System. - 8.4.2 Wetland classes. - 8.4.3 Wetland forms and types. - 8.5 Canadian Wetlands. - 8.5.1 Arctic Wetlands. - 8.5.2 Subarctic Wetlands. - 8.5.3 Boreal Wetlands. - 8.5.4 Prairie Wetlands. - 8.5.5 Temperate Wetlands. - 8.5.6 Oceanic Wetlands. - 8.5.7 Mountain Wetlands. - 8.6 Wetlands in the USA. - 8.7 Eurasian Wetlands. - 8.7.1 European Wetlands. - 8.7.2 Asian Wetlands. - 8.8 Central and South American Wetlands. - 8.9 African Wetlands. - 8.10 Austromalesian and Pacific Wetlands. - 8.11 Phytomass and Primary Production. - 9. Conclusion. - Appendix: Biomials and their local names as used in the text. - Bibliography. - Index.

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: In kyrill. Schr.

Note: Contents Foreword by Y. I. Chernov Introduction Explanations to tables Table 1: Distribution of the vascular plants within the Russian Arctic and adjacent territories Table 2: The main characteristics of the vascular plants within the Russian Arctic and adjacent territories Table 3: List of the weedy and adventitious vascular plants within the Russian Arctic and adjacent territories Conclusion Acknowledgements References

Note: Zugl.: Potsdam, Univ., Diss., 1998

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: Frucht und Same, Allgemeines. - Früchte und Samen bei den einzelnen Familien und Arten. - Bestimmungsschlüssel der landwirtschaftlich wichtigen Arten. - Literaturverzeichnis. - Register der lateinischen, deutschen und englischen Pflanzennamen und von botanischen Kunstausdrücken. - Berichtigungen.

Note: Teilw. zugl.: Heidelberg, Univ., Diss., 1994

Note: Zugl.: Aachen, TH, Diss., 1995

Note: Contents Observed Climatic Variability: Time Dependence / J. M. WALLACE Observed Climatic Variability: Spatial Structure / J. M. WALLACE Predictability of the Atmosphere and Oceans: From Days to Decades / T. N. PALMER Mechanisms for Decadal-to-Centennial Climate Variability / E. S. SARACHIK, M. WINTON and F. L. YIN Long-Term Coordinated Changesin the Convective Activity of the North Atlantic / R. DICKSON, J. LAZIER, J. MEINCKE and P. RHINES Mechanism for Decadal Climate Variability / M. LATIF, A. GROTZNER, M. MUNNICH, E. MAIER-REIMER, S. VENZKE and T. P. BARNETTA The Climate Response to the Changing Greenhouse Gas Concentration in the Atmosphere / L. BENGTSSON Analysis of Thermohaline Feedbacks / J. MAROTZKE An Overview of Century Time-Scale Variability in the Climate System: Observations and Models / T. F. STOCKER Steady States and Variability in Oceanic Zonal Flows / D. OLBERS and C. VOLKER Spectral Methods: What They Can and Cannot Do for Climatic Time Series / M. GHIL and P. Yiou Subject Index List of Participants

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1995

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1995

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1994

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1996

Note: Teilw. zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1995

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1996

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Bremerhaven, Hochschule, Diplom-Arbeit, 1995 , Inhaltsverzeichnis: Einleitung. - IST-AUFNAHME. - 1. Grundlagen der Höchstleistungsrechner. - 1.1. Rechnerklassifikation. - 1.2 Speicherkonzepte. - 1.3 Verbindungsstrukturen. - 2. Parallele Programmierung. - 2.1 Partitionierung. - 2.2 Prozeßkommunikation. - 2.3 Agglomeration. - 2.4 Abbildung paralleler Prozesse. - 2.5 Beispiele paralleler Programme und Programmiermodelle. - 3. KSR1-Systemarchitektur. - 3.1 Prozessoreinheit. - 3.2 ALLCACHE-System. - 3.3. ALLCACHE-Engine. - 3.4. Externe Verbindungen. - 3.5 Betriebssystem und Software. - 4. Ozeanische Simulationsmodelle. - 4.1 Modular Ocean Model. - 4.1.1. SA-Diagramme. - 4.1.2 Datenbeschreibung. - 4.1.3 Prozeßspezifikationen. - 4.1.4. Petri-Netz des dynamischen Ablaufs. - SOLL-KONZEPT. - 5. Visualisierungsanforderungen. - 5.1 Funktionale Anforderungen. - 5.2 Gegebene Randbedingungen. - 6. Visualisierungsdaten. - 6.1 Petri-Netz der Datengenerierung. - 7. Programmierumgebung. - 7.1 OSF/Motif. - 7.2 Die p4-Bibliothek. - 8. Programmentwurf Xmom. - 8.1 SA-Diagramme. - 8.2 Datenbeschreibungen. - 8.3 Prozeßspezifikationen. - 8.4 Widget-Layout. - 8.5 Petri-Netz des dynamischen Ablaufs. - Bibliographie. - Anhang A Programmlisting. - Anhang B Graphikausdrucke.

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1996

Note: Contents Contributors Abbreviations and symbols Introduction Section 1. Isotope sources, analysis and interpretation of organic composition 1. High-precision deuterium and BC measurement by continuous flow-lRMS: organic and position-specific isotope analysis / J. T Brenna, H.J. Tobias and T.N. Corso Introduction CF-IRMS analysis of HD/H2 Carbon isotopes: automated position-specific isotope analysis (PSIA) References 2. Carbon isotope effects on key reactions in plant metabolism and 13C-patterns in natural compounds / H.-L. Schmidt and G. Gleixner Introduction Influence of carboxylations on the initial 13C distribution pattern Influence of aldol reactions and decarboxylations on secondary distribution patterns Ester and aldol reactions during secondary metabolism Effect of other lyase reactions Reactions involving C1-metabolism Isotope effects on reactions introducing hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen in biological compounds Conclusion References 3. Interpretation of oxygen isotope composition of leaf material/ G.D. Farquhar, M.M. Barbour and B.K. Henry Why are we interested in the oxygen isotope ratio of organic matter? Oxygen isotopes in plant organic matter: a historical perspective On the enrichment of 18O in water within the plant Variation within the leaf 30 Isotopic exchange of oxygen during metabolism Isotopic history of oxygen in organic molecules The potential for oxygen isotopes in evaluating plant water use Oxygen isotope composition of organic matter: methodology and analysis References Appendix 1 Appendix 2 4. lntramolecular deuterium distributions and plant growth conditions / J. Schleucher Introduction Methodology Variation of intramolecular D distributions Discussion and outlook References Section 2. Soils, nutrients and plants 5. Stable isotope studies of soil nitrogen / D.W. Hopkins, R.E. Wheatley and D. Robinson Introduction Transformations of soil nitrogen Distribution of soil nitrogen Spatial variability of soil N Use of 15N natural abundance to investigate soil processes Conclusions References 6. 15N at natural abundance levels in terrestrial vascular plants: a précis / L.L. Handley, C.M. Scrimgeour and J.A. Raven Introduction What are the patterns in the δ15N signal? Experimental systems Needs for research References 7. Variations in fractionation of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in higher plants : N metabolism and partitioning in phloem and xylem / T. Yoneyama, H. Fujiwara and J.M. Wilson Introduction Acquisition of nitrogen Metabolism of nitrogen Translocation of nitrogen C and N concentration and isotope composition in castor bean (Ricinus communis) Conclusions and future directions References Section 3. Photosynthesis, plants and water 8. Carbon isotope discrimination in terrestrial plants: carboxylations and decarboxylations / J.S. Gillon, A.M. Borland, K.G. Harwood, A. Roberts, M.S.J. Broadmeadow and H. Griffiths Introduction Net carbon isotope discrimination Photosynthetic discrimination Respiratory discrimination Refixation of respiratory CO2 Discrimination under natural conditions Conclusions References 9. Carbon isotope discrimination in structural and non-structural carbohydrates in relation to productivity and adaptation to unfavourable conditions / E. Brugnoli, A. Scartazza, M. Lauteri, M.C. Monteverdi and C. Máguas 133 Introduction Theoretical background to carbon isotope discrimination WUE and plant productivity 1 Carbon isotope discrimination in soluble carbohydrates and productivity Soluble carbohydrate Δ13C and CO2 mesophyll conductance Concluding remarks References 10. Oxygen-18 of leaf water: a crossroad for plant-associated isotopic signals / D. Yakir Introduction Evaporative enrichment Source water Atmospheric moisture and boundary layers Bulk leaf water 2-D simulation of 18O in leaf water 18O of water in chloroplasts Conclusions References 11. The role of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in understanding water movement along the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum / T.E. Dawson, R.C. Pausch, H.M. Parker Introduction Stable isotopes and our understanding of water movement along the soil-plant-atmospheric continuum Future research on isotopes and the SPAC References Section 4. Integration of terrestrial ecosystems 12. Oxygen isotope effects during CO2 exchange: from leaf to ecosystem processes / L.B. Flanagan Introduction Discrimination against C18O16O during photosynthetic gas exchange Oxygen isotope effects during respiratory CO2 exchange Relative influence of photosynthesis, respiration and turbulent fluxes on the isotope ratio of atmospheric CO2 in plant canopies Regional and global variation in the influence of terrestrial ecosystems on the oxygen isotope ratio of atmospheric CO2 References 13. Carbon isotope discrimination of terrestrial ecosystems / N. Buchmann, R.J. Brooks, L.B. Flanagan and J.R. Ehleringer Introduction Methodology Variation in Δe estimates Conclusions References 14. Assessing sensitivity to change in desert ecosystems - a stable isotope approach / J.R. Ehleringer, R.D. Evans and D. Williams Introduction Deserts as pulse-driven ecosystems Water uptake patterns by aridland plants Stomatal limitations as inferred from carbon isotope ratios Nitrogen sources Sensitivity of Colorado Plateau arid land ecosystems to invasions Conclusions References Section 5. Integration of marine ecosystems 15. Carbon stable isotope fractionation in marine systems: open ocean studies and laboratory studies / A.M. Johnston and H. Kennedy Introduction Open ocean studies Laboratory studies Recommendations for future research References 16. 15N and the assimilation of nitrogen by marine phytoplankton: the past, present and future? / N.J.P Owens and L.J. Watts Introduction The past - a short historical review Natural abundance v tracer studies The present - methods and techniques The present - a discussion of results from recent studies The future - possible developments for 15N studies in biological oceanography Summary and conclusions References Section 6. The immediate past: the Holocene 17. Archaeological reconstruction using stable isotopes / A.M. Pollard Introduction Isotope archaeology Dietary reconstruction using stable isotopes Isotopes and human mobility Summary References 18. Stable isotopes in tree ring cellulose / R. Switsur and J. Waterhouse Introduction Atmospheric carbon dioxide and carbon stable isotope ratios Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios References Section 7. Palaeoclimatic reconstructions from Precambrian to Quaternary 19. Phylogeny, palaeoatmospheres and the evolution of phototrophy / J.A. Raven Introduction The phylogeny of O2-producing phototrophs and their carboxylases Timing of origin of taxa of O2-evolving phototrophs in relation to changes in atmospheric composition The contribution of 13C/12C measurements to our understanding of the evolution of phototrophy Is the 13CO2/12CO2 discrimination factor of RUBISCO subject to direct natural selection? Conclusions and prospects References 20. Modelling changes in land plant function over the Phanerozoic / D.J. Beerling and F.I. Woodward Introduction Atmospheric evolution Phanerozoic changes in leaf function Terrestrial productivity in the Carboniferous Global patterns of leaf carbon isotope composition Concluding remarks References 21. Carbon isotopes, diets of North American equids, and the evolution of North American C4 grasslands / T.E. Cerling, J.M. Harris and B.J. McFadden Introduction Sampling protocol and sources of material Transition to C4 diet in equids: occurrence of C4-dominated diets, hypsodonty, and the radiation of equid genera Geographical and temporal distribution of C4 grasses in North America Regional patterns and variations History of C4 grasses versus C4 grasslands in North America Equid diversity during the Neogene Global expansion of C4 ecosystems Summary and implications References 22. Carbon isotopes in lake sediments and peats of last glacial age: implicati

Note: Contents: Preface. - Water masses and mixing near the Antarctic slope front. - Observations and modelling of Antarctic downslope flows : a review. - On the interaction of the Katabatic-Land-Sea Wind system of Antarctica with the high latitude Southern Ocean. - Thermohaline variability of the waters overlying the West Antarctica Peninsula Continental Shelf. - Oceanic erosion of a floating Antarctic Glacier in the Amundsen Sea. - Winter atmospheric forcing of the Ross Sea Polynya. - Interannual ocean and sea ice variability in the Ross Sea. - On the Origin and influence of Adélie Land bottom water. - Ocean-Ice shelf interaction and possible bottom water formation in Prydz Bay, Antarctica. - Acoustical techniques in Antarctic Oceanography. - Transport and water masses of the Antarctic slope front system in the Eastern Weddell Sea. - Western Weddell Sea thermohaline stratification. - Transient tracer observations from the western Weddell Sea during the drift and recovery of ice station Weddell. - Interactions between floating ice platelets and ocean water in the Southern Weddell Sea. - Impact of grounded icegergs on the hydrographic conditions near the Filchner Ice shelf. - Physical controls on ocean circulation beneath ice shelves revealed by numerical models. - Ocean circulation beneath the Western Ronne Ice Shelf, as derived from in situ measurements of water currents and properties. - Marine ice beneath Filchner Ice Shelf : evidence from a multi-disciplinary approach. - Tides in the Weddell Sea. - The new bathymetric charts of the Weddell Sea : AWI BCWS

Note: Zugl.: Bremen, Univ., Diss., 1995