Signatur:
M 99.0434
;
AWI G1-00-0103
Materialart:
Monographie ausleihbar
Seiten:
xvi, 592 Seiten
ISBN:
0632049766
Klassifikation:
Sedimentologie
Sprache:
Englisch
Anmerkung:
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
Part 1: Introduction
1 Sedimentology in the earth sciences
1.1 Introduction: sedimentology and earth cycling
1.2 Erosional drainage basins and depositional sedimentary basins
1.3 Global sediment discharge and earth recycling: the rock cycle
1.4 Comparative interplanetary sedimentology
1.5 Practical sedimentology
1.6 A brief history of sedimentology
Part 2: Origin and Types of Sediment Grains
2 Water-rock interactions: chemical and physical breakdown of catchment bedrock to soil and elastic sediment grains
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Natural waters as proton donors: pH, acid hydrolysis and limestone weathering
2.3 Metallic ions, electron transfer and Eh-pH diagrams
2.4 Behaviour of silicate minerals during chemical weathering: breakdown products and newly formed minerals
2.5 Acid rain and whole-catchment studies of chemical weathering
2.6 The rates and mechanisms of chemical weathering
2.7 A simple index of chemical alteration (CIA)
2.8 Vegetation, chemical weathering and the Precambrian controversy
2.9 Physical weathering
2.10 Soils as valves and filters for the natural landscape
3 The inorganic and organic precipitation of sediment: chemical, biochemical and biological
3.1 Marine and freshwater chemical composition: chemical fluxes to and from the oceans
3.2 The carbonate system in the oceans
3.3 Advances in understanding carbonate reaction kinetics and their significance
3.4 Pre-Recent and future CaCO3 reactions
3.5 Ooids
3.6 Carbonate grains from plants and animals
3.7 Carbonate muds, oozes and chalks
3.8 Other carbonate grains of biological origins
3.9 Organic productivity, sea-level and atmospheric controls of biogenic CaCO3 deposition rates
3.10 CaCO3 dissolution in the deep ocean and the oceanic CaCO3 compensation mechanism
3.11 Evaporite salts and their inorganic precipitation
3.12 Silica and pelagic plankton
3.13 Iron minerals and biomineralizers
3.14 Phosphates
Part 3: User's Guide to Sedimentological Fluid Dynamics
4 Back to basics: fluid flow in general
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Material properties of fluids
4.3 Plastic behaviour
4.4 Dimensionless numbers
4.5 Reference frames for flows
4.6 The concepts of flow steadiness and uniformity
4. 7 Visualization of flow patterns
4.8 Ideal (potential) flow
4.9 Dynamics of fluid motion
4.10 Strategies for coping with the dynamic equations
5 Flow in the real world: laminar and turbulent behaviour
5.1 Osborne Reynolds and types of flow
5.2 The distribution of velocity in viscous flows: the boundary layer
5.3 Turbulent flow
5.4 The distribution of velocity in turbulent flows
5.5 Shear velocity, bed roughness, bed shear stress and flow power
5.6 The periodic coherent structures of turbulent shear flows
5.7 Shear flow instabilities, flow separation and secondary currents
6 Sediment grains in fluids: settling, transport and feedback
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Fall of grains through stationary fluids
6.3 Natural flows carrying particulate material are complex
6.4 Fluids as transporting machines
6.5 Initiation of particle motion
6.6 Initiation of motion by air flow
6.7 Paths of grain motion
6.8 Solid transmitted stresses
6.9 A dynamic sediment suspension theory
6.10 A warning: nonequilibrium effects may dominate natural sediment transport systems
6.11 Steady state, deposition or erosion: the sediment continuity equation
Part 4: Sediment Transport and Sedimentary Structures
7 Bedforms and structures formed by unidirectional water flows over granular sediment
7.1 The 'trinity' of flow, transport and bedform
7.2 Current ripples
7.3 Lower-stage plane beds and cluster bedforms
7.4 Dunoids (bars, 2D dunes)
7.5 Dunes
7.6 Upper-stage plane beds
7.7 Antidunes, transverse ribs, chutes and pools, and related forms
7.8 Bedforms and sediment transport in poorly sorted sediment
7.9 Bedform phase diagrams
7.10 Bedform 'lag' effects
7.11 Bedform theory
7.12 Measurement of palaeocurrents and problems arising from trough-shaped sets of cross- stratification
8 Bedforms and structures formed by atmospheric flows
8.1 Introduction: some contrasts between air and water flows
8.2 Aeolian bedforms in general
8.3 Ballistic ripples and ridges
8.4 Dunes in general
8.5 Flow-transverse dunes
8.6 Flow-parallel dunes
8.7 Complex flow dunes
8.8 Vegetated parabolic dunes
9 Oscillatory water waves, combined flows and tides: their bedforms and structures
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Simple wave theory
9.3 Near-bed flow and bedforms
9.4 Combined flows, wave-current ripples and hummocky cross-stratification
9.5 Tidal flows
10 Bedforms and cohesive sediment transport and erosion
10.1 The 'special' case of clays and cohesive beds
10.2 Flow erosion of cohesive beds
10.3 Erosion by 'tools'
11 Sediment gravity flows and their deposits
11.1 Introduction and static grain aggregates
11.2 Static friction and stability of granular masses
11.3 Grain flow avalanches: from cross-bedding to megabreccias
11.4 Debris flows
11.5 Turbidity flows
12 Liquefaction, liquefaction structures and other 'soft' sediment deformation structures
12.1 Liquefaction
12.2 Sedimentary structures formed by and during liquefaction
12.3 Submarine landslides, growth faults and slumps
12.4 Desiccation and synaeresis shrinkage structures
Part 5: External Controls on Sediment Derivation, Transport and Deposition
13 Climate and sedimentary processes
13.1 Introduction: climate as a fundamental variable in sedimentology
13.2 Solar radiation: ultimate fuel for the climate machine
13.3 Earth's reradiation and the 'greenhouse' concept
13.4 Radiation balance, heat transfer and simple climatic models
13.5 Climate and the water cycle,
13.6 General atmospheric circulations
13.7 Global climates: a summary
13.8 Climate, mountains and plateaux
13.9 Climate change
13.10 Sedimentological evidence for palaeoclimate
14 Changing sea level and sedimentary sequences
14.1 Introduction: sea level as datum
14.2 Sea-level changes
14.3 Rates and magnitude of sea-level change
14.4 Origins of global sea-level change: slow vs. fast eustasy
14.5 Sequence stratigraphy: layers, cheesewires and bandwagons
15 Tectonics, denudation rates and sediment yields
15.1 Basic geodynamics of uplift
15.2 Elevation and gradients
15.3 Catchment processes
15.4 Erosion and denudation
15.5 Large-scale studies of denudation rates
15.6 Basinal studies of denudation and sediment flux: the inverse approach
15.7 Sediment supply, vegetation and climate change: implications for basin stratigraphy
15.8 Marine strontium isotope ratio and continental erosion rates
Part 6: Sediment Deposition, Environments and Facies in Continental Environments
16 Aeolian sediments in low-latitude deserts
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Physical processes and erg formation
16.3 Modern desert bedform associations and facies
16.4 Aeolian architecture
16.5 Climate change, erg abandonment and desert-lake-river sedimentary cycles
16.6 Ancient desert facies
17 Rivers
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Channel magnitude and gradient
17.3 Channel form
17.4 Channel sediment transport processes, bedforms and internal structures
17.5 The floodplain
17.6 Channel belts, alluvial ridges, combing and avulsion
17.7 River channel changes, adjustable variables and equilibrium
17.8 The many causes of channel incision-aggradation cycles
17.9 Fluvial architecture: scale, controls and time
17.10 Fluvial deposits in the geological record
18 Alluvial fans and fan deltas
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Controls on the size (area) of fans
18.3 Physical processes on alluvial fans
18.4 Debris-flow-dominated alluvial fans
18.5 Stream-flow-dominated alluvial fans
18.6 Recognition of ancient alluvial fans
18.7 Fan deltas
19 Lakes
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Lake stratification
19.3 Clastic input by rivers and the effect of turbidity currents
19.4 Wind-forced physical processes
19.5 Chemical processes and cycles
19.6 Biological processes and cycles
19.7 Modern temperate lakes and their continental sedimentary facies
19.8 Lakes in the East African rifts
19.9 Lake Baikal
19.10 Shallow saline lakes
19.11 The succes
Standort:
Kompaktmagazin oben
Standort:
AWI Lesesaal
Zweigbibliothek:
GFZ Bibliothek
Zweigbibliothek:
AWI Bibliothek
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