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  • 551.8
  • English  (12)
  • French  (1)
  • 2010-2014  (13)
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  • English  (12)
  • French  (1)
  • German  (1)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die physikalischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften von tonartigen Materialien, die für die Skalierung von Analogexperimenten relevant sind, werden mit Hilfe von Konzepten der modernen Bodenmechanik analysiert. Ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung dieser Eigenschaften wird vorgestellt. Skalierte Tonexperimente mit Riedelschem Mechanismus wurden durchgeführt. Sie erzeugen typische Pull-apart Strukturen entlang Riedel Frakturen sowie Push-up Strukturen in dazwischen liegenden Flachen. Die Scherfestigkeit und die Dicke des Tonkuchens beeinflussen sowohl die Geometrie der Scherzonen als die benötigte Hauptverschiebungsgröße für die Entstehung der Riedel Scherfrakturen an der Oberflache des Tonkuchens. Pull-apart Becken, die durch Riedelschen Mechanismus erzeugt wurden, lassen sich auf der Insel Gozo (Strait of Sicily rift zone) beobachten. Die gleichzeitige Entwicklung der Push-up Horste ist im komplexen Blattverschiebungsbecken des Meers von Marmara zu finden.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.8 ; VAE 130 ; VAE 400 ; Geomechanik ; Tektogenese {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Ozone, balloon-borne measurements, atmospheric trace gases, concentration profiles, climate change. - In the frame of this work, a new small-size balloon-borne sonde was developed. A miniature grating spectrometer in the sonde measures simultaneously the solar spectral irradiance at a wide wavelength range from 200 to 850. As a first application, ozone profiles have been determined by measuring the changes in the spectral irradiance, caused by ozone absorption in the Huggins band. The wide spectral coverage of the spectrometer offers the possibility for measurements of other trace gases which absorb within the wavelength range, e.g. NO2 and BrO. The low weight of the new sonde (1.7 kg), the moderate price, and the autonomous portable telemetry system makes it a very versatile tool for satellite validation and for case studies, which requires a high number of launches. The newly developed sonde works well without temperature stabilisation, even so the spectrometer experiences rather large temperature changes (15 - 20 K) during the ascent through the atmosphere. Laboratory measurements were performed in ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.5 ; 551.8 ; 550
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 148 S.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Central Asia is characterized by a number of spectacular tectonic units such as the Tibetan Plateau, the Tien Shan intra-continental mountain belt and the Altyn Tagh strike-slip fault. Deformation of the lithosphere of these units is not well understood. In this dissertation, an attempt is made to answer the following tectonic questions: To what extent do the tectonic units formed in the upper crust in the course of the convergence between India and Eurasia weaken the underlying lithosphere? How is the Tibetan Plateau gravita-tionally compensated along its northern boundary? Do the Altyn Tagh and/or West Kunlun faults persist as vertical strike-slips throughout the crust and mantle lithosphere, thus representing a fundamental plate boundary? Which dynamic processes in the crust and mantle of the Tien Shan are responsible for intra-continental mountain building? What characterizes the local stress field in the Tien Shan and what causes the deformation of these mountains? To answer these questions, the elastic plate theory is used to interpret gravity and topography data, and in turn to derive specific characteristics of the lithospheric structure in Central Asia. Theoretical deflection of the elastic plate or plates were calculated using the 3D and 2D finite-difference methods. Variable-rigidity elastic plates are subjected to vertical and horizontal loads, shear forces, and terminal bending moments. Surface topo-graphic data from the Topo30 dataset is used as vertical surface loading to calculate the flexure of the elastic lithosphere...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.8 ; 622.15 ; 551 ; 550 ; VAE 400 ; VEK 000 ; TQA 000 ; TSK 000 ; VAE 400 ; VEK 000 ; TQA 000 ; TSK 000 ; Tektogenese {Geologie} ; Zentralasien {Geologie} ; Gravimetrische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Zentralasien {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 136 Bl.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Anhand des Modellfalls der Sesia Zone in den West-Alpen werden mikrostrukturelle Kriterien für syn- und postseismische Deformation in der oberen Plastosphäre in Folge eines großen Erdbebens in der überlagernden Schizosphäre ausgearbeitet. Die Orientierungsverteilung von mechanisch verzwillingten Jadeiten liefert Hinweise auf Spitzten-Spannungen 〉0,5 GPa. Die Vielfalt unterschiedlicher Quarz-Mikrostrukturen spiegelt progressive Deformation bei relaxierenden Spannungen in einem Temperaturbereich von 300-350 ʿC wider. Ein dazu konsistentes Bild liefert die kataklastische Deformation von Granat. Verheilte Mikrorisse in Quarz, verfüllte Risse in Granat sowie mesoskopische, diskordante Quarz-Gänge mit rekristallisierter Füllung geben Hinweise auf einen fluktuierenden Porenfluiddruck. Dieses Beispiel aus der Sesia Zone veranschaulicht die Bedeutung nicht-stationärer Deformation in der oberen Plastosphäre, entgegen konventionellen Vorstellungen von dominierend stationärem Fließen.
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.8 ; 551.1 ; 552.4 ; 551 ; 550 ; VAE 400 ; VAE 811 ; VAE 140 ; VEB 169 ; VAE 400 ; VAE 811 ; VAE 140 ; VEB 169 ; Tektogenese {Geologie} ; Alpidische Orogene {Geologie} ; Gesteinsdeformation {Strukturgeologie} ; Französisch-italienische Westalpen {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 97 S.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The Caribbean is a geologically complex region with several different plate boundary interactions. Geodynamic reconstructions of the northwestern Caribbean region have been particularly controversial in terms of the number of arcs, subduction polarity, and timing of collision. This thesis develops a refined tectonic reconstruction for the northwestern Caribbean based on a review of geological data of Cuba and a regional analysis within the northwestern Caribbean context. With regard to plausibility, significant emphasis was put on the degree and qualitiy of visualization. Three crustal sections across key areas in western, central, and eastern Cuba have been constructed in order to conduct an evolutionary interpretation in three dimensions. Western and central Cuba constitute an orogenic belt resulting from the collision of a mid- to Late Cretaceous volcanic arc - the "Great Caribbean Arc" - with the southern paleomargin of North America. The collision process apparently started in the Campanian, but major north- to northeast-directed thrusting processes at the southern Bahamas margin culminated during the Paleocene. A continous southwest-dipping polarity of the "Great Caribbean Arc", at least from the Aptian-Albian, can be infered from (1) its Late Cretaceous approach towards the North American margin, (2) the magnitude of top to the north directed tectonic transport in the Cuba orogenic belt, and (3) the internal structures of the metamorphic fore-arc assemblages and their evolution on the north side of the arc ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.8 ; 551 ; VAE 500 ; VAE 200 ; VEW 200 ; Geotektonische Entwicklung der Erdkruste {Geologie} ; Geodynamik der Lithosphäre {Geologie} ; Karibischer Raum {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 125 S.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Deformation, shear zone, granular, micromechanic, numerical model, discrete element method, distinct element method. - This thesis was inspired by the lack of detailed (i.e. particle scale) knowledge concerning deformation processes of mechanically weak sediments, especially intrinsically weak layers on the basal shear plane of submarine landslides. It has been known for some time that many different parameters influence shear strength and localization features. This is true not only for sediments, but also for other kinds of weak layers, such as fault gouge. These parameters include for example mineralogy (e.g. smectite, illite, quartz), sediment composition (clay, silt), sediment structure and texture (microfabric), grain size distribution, excess pore pressure, magnitude of effective stress, and deformation history. However, to date it has not been possible to rank or to quantify the influence of each of these parameters. The main goal of this study is to analyze the influence of some of these parameters and, if possible, rank and quantify them. Standard methods to examine shear strength of sediments and fault gouge are various geotechnical shear experiments. In these, a sample is sheared under defined conditions and resulting coefficient of friction, void ratio change, and other meaningful parameters are analyzed. Unfortunately, it is not possible to 'look' inside a shear box during a test and to analyze grain deformation behaviour on a microscopic scale. Therefore, this study employs a different approach to specifically address the problem of microscopic deformation processes. Here, a numerical modelling technique, the Discrete Element Method (DEM), is used. The DEM is a numerical tool based on the ...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.8 ; VAE 130 ; VAE 130 ; Geomechanik
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 138 S.
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  • 7
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    Univ. Frankfurt (Main)
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: One possible approach to study systematically the influence of the deformation regime on the geometry of geological structures like folds and boudins is analogue modelling. For a complete understanding of the resulting structures, consideration of the third dimension is required. This PhD study deals with scaled analogue modelling under constriction and plane-strain conditions to improve our knowledge of folding and boudinage of lower crustal rocks in space and time. Plasticine is an appropriate analogue material for rocks in the lower crust. Therefore, this material was used for the experiments. The macroscopic behaviour of most types of plasticine is quite similar to rocks undergoing strain-rate softening and strain hardening regardless of the different microscopic aspects of deformation. Therefore, if one is aware that the stress exponent and viscosity increase with increasing strain, the original plasticine types used with stress exponents ranging from 5.8 to 8.0 are adequate for modelling geologic structures. The same holds for plasticine/oil mixtures. Thus, plasticine and plasticine/oil mixtures can be used to model the viscous flow of different rock types in the lower crust. If climb-accommodated dislocation creep and associated steady-state flow is assumed for the natural rocks, the plasticine/oil mixtures should be used, which flow under steady-state conditions...
    Description: thesis
    Keywords: 551.8 ; VAE 130 ; Geomechanik
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 132 S.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551.8 ; 622.15 ; 550 ; VAE 880 ; TSZ 100 ; VSZ 100 ; TQC 230 ; TSF 300 ; VEF 300 ; Passive und aktive Kontinentalränder {Geologie} ; Atlantischer Ozean {Geophysik} ; Atlantischer Ozean {Fossile Energieträger} ; Refraktionsseismik {Geophysik} ; Griechenland und griechische Inseln {Geophysik} ; Griechenland und griechische Inseln {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 167 S.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551.8 ; 622.15 ; 550 ; TQD 000 ; TOR 000 ; TSX 500 ; VAE 850 ; Elektrische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Erdelektrizität {Geophysik} ; Chile {Geophysik} ; Festländische Lineamente {Geologie}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 110 S.
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  • 10
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    Unknown
    IFM-GEOMAR, Kiel
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: report
    Keywords: 551.4 ; 551.8 ; 550 ; VAE 880 ; TST 000 ; TSZ 300 ; Passive und aktive Kontinentalränder {Geologie} ; Ozeanien {Geophysik} ; Pazifischer Ozean {Geophysik}
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 127 S.
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