ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction / Tomotoshi Okaichi / pp. 3-5 --- Seto Inland Sea—Historical Background / Tetsuo Yanagi and Tomotoshi Okaichi / pp. 9-14 --- Biological Productivity of the Lower Trophic Levels of the Seto Inland Sea / Hiroaki Hashimoto, Toshiya Hashimoto, Osamu Matsuda, Kuninao Tada, Kyoichi Tamai, Shin-ichi Uye and Tamiji Yamamoto / pp. 17-58 --- Fisheries Production / Tatsuki Nagai and Yasuki Ogawa / pp. 61-94 --- The Preservation and Creation of Fisheries Grounds / Tetsuo Yanagi / pp. 97-119 --- Strategies for Reduction of Nutrient Loads from the Land / Masahiko Sekine and Masao Ukita / pp. 123-158 --- The Relationship between the Fishery Industry and Environmental Evaluation of the Seto Inland Sea / Hidenori Niizawa, Ken'ichi Nakagami and Kazuhisa Oba / pp. 161-185 --- Legal System and Coastal Management / Mitsuru Nakayama / pp. 189-214 --- Synthesis and Proposal / Tetsuo Yanagi and Tomotoshi Okaichi / pp. 217-219 --- Comparison of the Seto Inland Sea with Other Enclosed Seas from Around the World / Hidetaka Takeoka / pp. 223-247 --- Red Tides in the Seto Inland Sea / Tomotoshi Okaichi / pp. 251-304 --- Law Concerning Special Measures for Conservation of the Environment of the Seto Inland Sea / pp. 307-317 --- International EMECS Center International Center for the Environmental Manage ment of Enclosed Coastal Sea / pp. 321-325

Description / Table of Contents: A. J. Fraser and S. J. Matthews: Petroleum geology of SE Asia: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:1-2, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.01 --- Chris Sladen: Energy trends in SE Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:3-10, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.02 --- Robert Hall: Cenozoic plate tectonic reconstructions of SE Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:11-23, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.03 --- S. P. Todd, M. E. Dunn, and A. J. G. Barwise: Characterizing petroleum charge systems in the tertiary of SE Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:25-47, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.04 --- Chris Sladen: Exploring the lake basins of east and southeast Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:49-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.05 --- Coen T. A. M. Leo: Exploration in the Gulf of Thailand in deltaic reservoirs, related to the Bongkot Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:77-87, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.06 --- S. J. Matthews, A. J. Fraser, S. Lowe, S. P. Todd, and F. J. Peel: Structure, stratigraphy and petroleum geology of the SE Nam Con Son Basin, offshore Vietnam / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:89-106, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.07 --- R. H. Worden, M. J. Mayall, and I. J. Evans: Predicting reservoir quality during exploration: lithic grains, porosity and permeability in Tertiary clastic rocks of the South China Sea basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:107-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.08 --- M. J. Mayall, A. Bent, and D. M. Roberts: Miocene carbonate buildups offshore Socialist Republic of Vietnam / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:117-120, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.09 --- A. Wight, H. Friestad, I. Anderson, P. Wicaksono, and C. H. Reminton: Exploration history of the offshore Southeast Sumatra PSC, Java Sea, Indonesia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:121-142, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.10 --- Craig Schiefelbein and Nick Cameron: Sumatra/Java oil families / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:143-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.11 --- J. M. Cole and S. Crittenden: Early Tertiary basin formation and the development of Lacustrine and quasi-lacustrine/marine source rocks on the Sunda Shelf of SE Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:147-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.12 --- Alastair Beach, J. Lawson Brown, Paul J. Brockbank, Steven D. Knott, Jean E. McCallum, and Alastair I. Welbon: Fault seal analysis of SE Asian basins with examples from West Java / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:185-194, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.13 --- D. J. Prosser and R. R. Carter: Permeability heterogeneity within the Jerudong Formation: an outcrop analogue for subsurface Miocene reservoirs in Brunei / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:195-235, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.14 --- I. C. Mat-Zin and R. E. Swarbrick: The tectonic evolution and associated sedimentation history of Sarawak Basin, eastern Malaysia: a guide for future hydrocarbon exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:237-245, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.15 --- M. E. J. Wilson and D. W. J. Bosence: Platform-top and ramp deposits of the Tonasa Carbonate Platform, Sulawesi, Indonesia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:247-279, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.16 --- P. J. Boult: A review of the petroleum potential of Papua New Guinea with a focus on the eastern Papuan Basin and the Pale Sandstone as a potential reservoir fairway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:281-291, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.17 --- J. B. Blanche and J. D. Blanche: An overview of the hydrocarbon potential of the Spratly Islands archipelago and its implications for regional development / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:293-310, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.18 --- Ian M. Longley: The tectonostratigraphic evolution of SE Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:311-339, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.19 --- D. Roques, S. J. Matthews, and C. Rangin: Constraints on strike-slip motion from seismic and gravity data along the Vietnam margin offshore Da Nang: implications for hydrocarbon prospectivity and opening of the East Vietnam Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:341-353, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.20 --- A. J. McCarthy and C. F. Elders: Cenozoic deformation in Sumatra: oblique subduction and the development of the Sumatran Fault System / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:355-363, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.21 --- Chris Howells: Tertiary response to oblique subduction and indentation in Sumatra, Indonesia: new ideas for hydrocarbon exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:365-374, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.22 --- John L. C. Chambers and Timothy E. Daley: A tectonic model for the onshore Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:375-393, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.23 --- Steve J. Moss, John Chambers, Ian Cloke, Dharma Satria, Jason R. Ali, Simon Baker, John Milsom, and Andy Carter: New observations on the sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the Tertiary Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:395-416, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.24 --- John Milsom, Robert Holt, Dzazali Bin Ayub, and Ross Smail: Gravity anomalies and deep structural controls at the Sabah-Palawan margin, South China Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:417-427, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.25

Description / Table of Contents: Jean-Pierre Burg and Mary Ford: Orogeny through time: an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:1-17, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.01 --- Giorgio Ranalli: Rheology of the lithosphere in space and time / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:19-37, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.02 --- P. G. Thomas, P. Allemand, and N. Mangold: Rheology of planetary lithospheres: a review from impact cratering mechanics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:39-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.03 --- P. Choukroune, J. N. Ludden, D. Chardon, A. J. Calvert, and H. Bouhallier: Archaean crustal growth and tectonic processes: a comparison of the Superior Province, Canada and the Dharwar Craton, India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:63-98, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.04 --- M. G. O’Dea, G. S. Lister, T. Maccready, P. G. Betts, N. H. S. Oliver, K. S. Pound, W. Huang, R. K. Valenta, N. H. S. Oliver, and R. K. Valenta: Geodynamic evolution of the Proterozoic Mount Isa terrain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:99-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.05 --- A. G. Milnes, O. P. Wennberg, Ø. Skår, and A. G. Koestler: Contraction, extension and timing in the South Norwegian Caledonides: the Sognefjord transect / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:123-148, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.06 --- David R. Gray: Tectonics of the southeastern Australian Lachlan Fold Belt: structural and thermal aspects / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:149-177, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.07 --- P. Rey, J.-P. Burg, and M. Casey: The Scandinavian Caledonides and their relationship to the Variscan belt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:179-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.08 --- V. N. Puchkov: Structure and geodynamics of the Uralian orogen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:201-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.09 --- Simon Lamb, Leonore Hoke, Lorcan Kennan, and John Dewey: Cenozoic evolution of the Central Andes in Bolivia and northern Chile / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:237-264, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.10

Description / Table of Contents: Dr Rod Gayer and Professor Jiri Pesek: Preface / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:vii-viii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.01 --- Regional Coal Reserves, Coal Basin Tectonics and Stratigraphy --- Josef Doruška: The Czech Republic energy policy: conception and implementation in a market economy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:1-2, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.02 --- J. Pešek and M. Dopita: Coal production and usage in the Czech Republic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:3-12, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.03 --- O. Kumpera: Controls on the evolution of the Namurian paralic basin, Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:13-27, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.04 --- Miroslav Krs, Jiří Pešek, Petr Pruner, Vladimír Skoček, and Jana Slepičková: The origin of magnetic remanence components of Westphalian C to Stephanian C sediments, West Bohemia: a record of waning Variscan tectonism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:29-47, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.05 --- Roland Dreesen, Dominique Bossiroy, Rudy Swennen, Jacques Thorez, Aurelio Fadda, Luciano Ottelli, and Eddy Keppens: A depositional and diagenetic model for the Eocene Sulcis coal basin of SW Sardinia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:49-75, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.06 --- H. İnaner and E. Nakoman: Turkish lignite deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:77-99, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.07 --- A. I. Karayigit and M. K. G. Whateley: The origin and properties of a coal seam associated with continental thin micritic limestones, Selimoglu-Divrigi, Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:101-114, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.08 --- A. I. Karayigit and M. K. G. Whateley: Chemical characteristics, mineralogical composition and rank of high sulphur coking coals of Middle Miocene age in the Gökler coal field, Gediz, Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:115-130, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.09 --- Nicolae Ţicleanu and Dorina Diaconiţǎ: The main coal facies and lithotypes of the Pliocene coal basin, Oltenia, Romania / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:131-139, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.10 --- George D. Šiškov: Bulgarian low rank coals: geology and petrology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:141-148, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.11 --- I. E. Stukalova: Coal petrology and facies associations of the South Yakutian Coal Basin, Siberia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:149-160, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.12 --- Coal Petrology and Palaeontology --- Rod Gayer, Richard Fowler, and Gareth Davies: Coal rank variations with depth related to major thrust detachments in the South Wales coalfield: implications for fluid flow and mineralization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:161-178, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.13 --- J. Dvořák, J. Honěk, J. Pešek, and P. Valterová: Deep borehole evidence for a southward extension of the Early Namurian deposits near Němčičky, S. Moravia, Czech Republic: implication for rapid coalification / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:179-193, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.14 --- Irena Kostova, Kalinka Markova, and Krasimir Kuntchev: Mössbauer spectroscopic investigation of low rank coal lithotypes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:195-199, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.15 --- P. I. Premović, R. S. Nikolić, and M. P. Premović: Comparison of solid state 13C NMR of algal coals/anthracite and charcoal-like fusinites: further evidence for graphitic domains / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:201-205, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.16 --- Ivana Sýkorová, Jaroslav Černý, Helena Pavlíková, and Zuzana Weishauptová: Composition and properties of North Bohemian coals / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:207-217, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.17 --- Maya Stefanova and Caroline Magnier: Aliphatic biological markers in Miocene Maritza-Iztok lignite, Bulgaria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:219-228, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.18 --- Svetilana Syabryaj: Floristic characters of the upper coal-bearing formation in the Transcarpathians / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:229-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.19 --- Mineral Matter in Coal and the Environment --- S. R. H. Baqri: The distribution of sulphur in the Palaeocene coals of the Sindh Province of Pakistan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:237-243, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.20 --- Paul F. Cavender and D. Alan Spears: Sulphur distribution in a multi-bed seam / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:245-260, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.21 --- Vladimír Bouška, Jiří Pešek, and Karel Žák: Values of δ34S in iron disulphides of the North Bohemian Lignite Basin, Czech Republic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:261-267, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.22 --- G. Jankes, O. Cvetković, and T. Glumičić: Determination of different forms of sulphur in Yugoslav soft brown coals / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:269-272, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.23 --- P. I. Premović, N. D. Nikolić, M. S. Pavlović, LJ. S. Jovanović, and M. P. Premović: Origin of vanadium in coals: parts of the Western Kentucky (USA) No. 9 coal rich in vanadium / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:273-286, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.24 --- D. A. Spears: Environmental impact of minerals in UK coals / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:287-295, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.25 --- Mining Geophysics --- Vít Gregor and Antonín Těžký: A well logging method for the determination of the sulphur content of coal seams by means of deep gammaspectrometry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:297-307, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.26 --- Karel Mach: A logging correlation scheme for the Main coal seam of the North Bohemian brown coal basin, and the implications for the palaeogeographical development of the basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:309-320, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.27 --- Karel Holub: Seismic monitoring for rockburst prevention in the Ostrava-Karviná Coalfield, Czech Republic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:321-328, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.28 --- Zdeněk Kaláb: An analysis of mining induced seismicity and its relationship to fault zones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:329-335, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.29 --- Stanislav Opluštil, Jiří Pešek, and Jiří Skopec: Comparison of structures derived from mine workings and those interpreted in seismic profiles: an example from the Kačice deposit, Kladno Mine, Bohemia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:337-347, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.30 --- Coal Technology and Coalbed Methane --- J. Barraza, M. Cloke, and A. Belghazi: Improvements in direct coal liquefaction using beneficiated coal fractions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:349-356, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.31 --- B. R. Aleksić, M. D. Ercegovac, O. G. Cvetković, B. Ž. Marković, T. L. Glumičić, B. D. Aleksić, and D. K. Vitorvić: Conversion of low rank coal into liquid fuels by direct hydrogenation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:357-363, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.32 --- R. Asmatulu, N. Acarkan, G. Onal, and M. S. Celik: Desulphurization of low-rank coals by low-temperature carbonization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:365-369, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.33 --- Michael K. G. Whateley, Zafer Gencer, and Ertem Tuncali: Amelioration of high organic sulphur coal for combustion in domestic stoves / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:371-377, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.34 --- M. Stanojević, G. Jankes, M. Kuburović, M. Stanojević, and P. Blagojević: The use of pulverized lignite/natural gas mixed fuels in the high-temperature process of a cement rotary kiln / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:379-383, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.35 --- Douchko Douchanov and Venecia Minkova: The possibility of underground gasification of Bulgarian Dobrudja’s coal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:385-390, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.36 --- E. L. Boardman and J. H. Rippon: Coalbed methane migration in and around fault zones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:391-408, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.37 --- V. Holub, M. Eliáš, P. Hrazdíra, and J. Franců: Geological research into gas sorbed in the coal seams of the Carboniferous in the Mšeno-Roudnice Basin, Czech Republic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:409-423, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.38 --- Ireneusz Grzybek, Lidia Gawlik, Wojciech Suwała, and Ryszard Kuzak: Method for estimating methane emissions from Polish coal mining / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:425-434, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.39 --- G. Takla and Z. Vavrušák: Methane emission and its utilization from Ostrava-Karviná Collieries in the Upper Silesian coal basin, Czech Republic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:435-440, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.40

Description / Table of Contents: A REVIEW OF NONLINEAR LOW FREQUENCY (LF) WAVE OBSERVATIONS IN SPACE PLASMAS: ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLASMA TURBULENCE / pp. 1-44 --- GENERATION AND NONLINEAR EVOLUTION OF COMETARY WAVES / pp. 45-76 --- ADVENTURES IN PARAMETER SPACE: A COMPARISON OF LOW-FREQUENCY PLASMA WAVES AT COMETS / pp. 77-119 --- SOLITON THEORY OF QUASI-PARALLEL MHD WAVES / pp. 121-169 --- NONLINEAR EVOLUTION OF MHD WAVES AT THE EARTH'S BOW SHOCK: OPINIONS ON THE CONFRONTATION BETWEEN THEORY, SIMULATIONS, AND MEASUREMENTS / pp. 171-224 --- RECENT ADVANCES IN THE THEORY OF NONLINEAR PLASMA MASER / pp. 225-269 --- CHARGING EFFECTS IN PROPAGATION OF WAVES IN DUSTY PLASMAS / pp. 271-291 --- PROPAGATION OF ALFVÉN WAVE PACKET IN AN ANOMALOUS DISPERSION PLASMA / pp. 293-318 --- CHAOTIC ACCELERATION OF ELECTRONS INTERACTING WITH ELECTRON CYCLOTRON WAVE / pp. 319-335 --- NONLINEAR ELF-VLF EFFECTS OBSERVED ON ACTIVNY SATELLITE / pp. 337-358 --- NONLINEAR DYNAMICAL STUDIES OF GLOBAL MAGNETOSPHERIC DYNAMICS / pp. 359-389

Description / Table of Contents: Main lectures from the European School of Group Theory held Aug. 15-26, 1994, in Sønderborg, Denmark

Description / Table of Contents: Part 1 / THE NATURE OF TROPOCHEMICAL CELL-TWINNING / Progress of study of known examples of homologous series based on the TCT mechanism --- Chapter 1 / INTRODUCTION / pp. 1-9 --- Chapter 2 / HETEROVALENT VACANCY-COUPLED SUBSTITUTION / pp. 11-13 --- Chapter 3 / HOMOLOGOUS SERIES IN THE PbS - Bi2S3 SYSTEM AND EXTENDED LILLIANITE HOMOLOGOUS SERIES / pp. 15-57 --- Chapter 4 / HOMOLOGOUS SERIES IN THE MnS - Y2S3 SYSTEM / pp. 59-62 --- Chapter 5 / THE ENSTATITE-IV HOMOLOGOUS SERIES, Me~x/3Mg~2/3Si(x-4)/3Ox or Me~x/3Li~4/3 Si(x-4)/3Ox,WITH Me = Mg, Sc and x = 88, 100, 112 or 124 / pp. 63-111 --- Chapter 6 / HOMOLOGOUS SERIES OF OXYBORATES RELATED TO PINAKIOLITE, (Mg, Mn2+, Fe3+) 1.9Mn3+O2[BO3] / pp. 113-159 --- Part II / NEW EXAMPLES OF HOMOLOGOUS SERIES / Based on the TCT mechanism --- Chapter 7 / THE PLAGIONITE HOMOLOGOUS SERIES, Pb3+2xSb8S15+2x, with x = 0, 1, 2, or 3 / pp. 161-213 --- Chapter 8 / HIGH- TEMPERATURE HOMOLOGOUS SERIES OF LEAD SULFANTIMONITES, xPbS·Sb2S3, WITH x = 2 or 3 / pp. 215-226 --- SUMMARY AND COMMENTS / pp. 227-231 --- APPENDICES --- 1. Contracted twins / pp. 233-234 --- 2. Characterization of distorted coordination polyhedra / pp. 235-251 --- 3. A collection of papers concerning new structure data of the crystalline phases cited or related to those in the text / pp. 253-314

Description / Table of Contents: This volume, published on the eve of the crucial Kyoto conference on Climate Change of December, 1997, is designed to aid policy makers in coming to decisions that will affect the world's economy and its environment for years to come. It is also intended to serve as a ready reference for readers concerned with the vital issues of climate change.

Description / Table of Contents: This is the long awaited follow-up to Lie Algebras, Part I which covered a major part of the theory of Kac-Moody algebras, stressing primarily their mathematical structure. Part II deals mainly with the representations and applications of Lie Algebras and contains many cross references to Part I. The theoretical part largely deals with the representation theory of Lie algebras with a triangular decomposition, of which Kac-Moody algebras and the Virasoro algebra are prime examples. After setting up the general framework of highest weight representations, the book continues to treat topics as the Casimir operator and the Weyl-Kac character formula, which are specific for Kac-Moody algebras. The applications have a wide range. First, the book contains an exposition on the role of finite-dimensional semisimple Lie algebras and their representations in the standard and grand unified models of elementary particle physics. A second application is in the realm of soliton equations and their infinite-dimensional symmetry groups and algebras. The book concludes with a chapter on conformal field theory and the importance of the Virasoro and Kac-Moody algebras therein.

Description / Table of Contents: Pressure of use of Jenolan Caves as a tourist spectacle has raised concerns about the wellbeing of the caves, so three related physical subjects were reviewed and investigated; the cave microclimate, the carbon dioxide in the cave atmosphere and dustfall in the caves. The microclimate has been shown to be dominated by several physical processes: in the absence of air movement, conduction and radiation dominate; in association with air movement, convective coupled heat and mass transfer tends to dominate energy flows. A new approach using boundary conditions and qualitative characteristics of transient fronts enables accurate measurement and analysis of energy, heat and mass transfer. This technique avoids the dimensionless number and transfer coefficient methods and is not geometrically sensitive. Conditions in caves are also determined by the capillary processes of water in cave walls. Air movement in caves depends on surface weather conditions and special problems of surface weather observation arise. A series of experiments were undertaken to evaluate the cave and surface processes. The physical processes that collect, transport and release dust were measured and described. Dust in the caves was shown to be carried from the surface, mainly by visitors. The concept of the Personal Dust Ooud is developed and experimental measurements and analysis show that this process is a major threat to the caves. New techniques of measurement are described. An accurate physiological model has been developed which predicts most of the carbon dioxide measured in Jenolan Caves, derived mainly from visitors on the cave tours. This model, developed from previously published human physiological information also predicts the production of heat and water vapour by cave tourists. The effects of carbon dioxide on cave conditions has been investigated. Details of a two year program of measurements in the caves are given. The generalised approach and methods are applicable to other caves, mines and buildings.

Description / Table of Contents: V. S. Colter: The East Irish Sea Basin — from caterpillar to butterfly, a thirty-year metamorphosis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:1-9, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.01 --- Stratigraphy --- D. I. Jackson, H. Johnson, and N. J. P. Smith: Stratigraphical relationships and a revised lithostratigraphical nomenclature for the Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic rocks of the offshore East Irish Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:11-32, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.02 --- Geoffrey Warrington: The Penarth Group-Lias Group succession (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic) in the East Irish Sea Basin and neighbouring areas: a stratigraphical review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:33-46, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.03 --- Regional Structure --- John C. W. Cope: The Mesozoic and Tertiary history of the Irish Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:47-59, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.04 --- R. W. England and N. J. Soper: Lower crustal structure of the East Irish Sea from deep seismic reflection data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:61-72, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.05 --- Paul F. Green, Ian R. Duddy, and Richard J. Bray: Variation in thermal history styles around the Irish Sea and adjacent areas: implications for hydrocarbon occurrence and tectonic evolution / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:73-93, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.06 --- Basin Analysis --- Steven J. Maddox, Richard A. Blow, and Sean R. O’Brien: The geology and hydrocarbon prospectivity of the North Channel Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:95-111, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.07 --- Rob Shelton: Tectonic evolution of the Larne Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:113-133, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.08 --- D. G. Quirk and G. S. Kimbell: Structural evolution of the Isle of Man and central part of the Irish Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:135-159, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.09 --- P. W. Mikkelsen and J. B. Floodpage: The hydrocarbon potential of the Cheshire Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:161-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.10 --- A. Francis, M. Millwood Hargrave, P. Mulholland, and D. Williams: Real and relict direct hydrocarbon indicators in the East Irish Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:185-194, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.11 --- Geochemistry --- James P. Armstrong, Janet Smith, Victor A. A. D’Elia, and Stephen P. Trueblood: The occurrence and correlation of oils and Namurian source rocks in the Liverpool Bay-North Wales area / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:195-211, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.12 --- John Parnell: Fluid migration history in the north Irish Sea-North Channel region / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:213-228, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.13 --- Caroline Mcgovern-Traa, Jyh-Yih Leu, W. Allan Hamilton, Iain S. C. Spark, and Ian T. M. Patey: The presence of sulphate-reducing bacteria in live drilling muds, core materials and reservoir formation brine from new oilfields / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:229-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.14 --- Sedimentology --- Jillian Thompson and Neil S. Meadows: Clastic sabkhas and diachroneity at the top of the Sherwood Sandstone Group: East Irish Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:237-251, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.15 --- Robert D. Herries and Greig Cowan: Challenging the ‘sheetflood’ myth: the role of water-table-controlled sabkha deposits in redefining the depositional model for the Ormskirk Sandstone Formation (Lower Triassic), East Irish Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:253-276, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.16 --- Jim Ward: Early Dinantian evaporites of the Easton-1 well, Solway Basin, onshore, Cumbria, England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:277-296, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.17 --- Fault Analysis and Diagenesis --- R. A. Chadwick: Fault analysis of the Cheshire Basin, NW England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:297-313, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.18 --- Alastair Beach, J. Lawson Brown, Alastair I. Welbon, Jean E. McCallum, Paul Brockbank, and Steven Knott: Characteristics of fault zones in sandstones from NW England: application to fault transmissibility / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:315-324, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.19 --- John Rowe and Stuart D. Burley: Faulting and porosity modification in the Sherwood Sandstone at Alderley Edge, northeastern Cheshire: an exhumed example of fault-related diagenesis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:325-352, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.20 --- P. J. Greenwood and S. M. Habesch: Diagenesis of the Sherwood Sandstone Group in the southern East Irish Sea Basin (Blocks 110/13, 110/14 and 110/15): constraints from preliminary isotopic and fluid inclusion studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:353-371, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.21 --- Field Studies --- Greig Cowan and Joanna Bradney: Regional diagenetic controls on reservoir properties in the Millom accumulation: implications for field development / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:373-386, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.22 --- R. A. Blow and M. Hardman: Calder Field appraisal well 110/7a-8, East Irish Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:387-397, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.23 --- A. M. Yaliz: The Douglas Oil Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:399-416, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.24 --- D. B. Haig, S. C. Pickering, and R. Probert: The Lennox oil and gas Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:417-436, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.25

Description / Table of Contents: M. Widdowson: The geomorphological and geological importance of palaeosurfaces / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:1-12, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.01 --- C. R. Twidale: The great age of some Australian landforms: examples of, and possible explanations for, landscape longevity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:13-23, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.02 --- Europe --- Philip S. Ringrose and Piotr Migoń: Analysis of digital elevation data for the Scottish Highlands and recognition of pre-Quaternary elevated surfaces / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:25-35, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.03 --- Peter Coxon and Catherine Coxon: A pre-Pliocene or Pliocene land surface in County Galway, Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:37-55, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.04 --- John J. McAlister and Bernard J. Smith: Geochemical trends in Early Tertiary palaeosols from northeast Ireland: a statistical approach to assess element behaviour during weathering / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:57-65, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.05 --- David W. Jolley: Palaeosurface palynofloras of the Skye lava field and the age of the British Tertiary volcanic province / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:67-94, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.06 --- Karna Lidmar-Bergström, Siv Olsson, and Mats Olvmo: Palaeosurfaces and associated saprolites in southern Sweden / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:95-124, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.07 --- Yvonne Battiau-Queney: Preservation of old palaeosurfaces in glaciated areas: examples from the French western Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:125-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.08 --- W. Brian Whalley, Brice R. Rea, Michelle M. Rainey, and John J. McAlister: Rock weathering in blockfields: some preliminary data from mountain plateaus in North Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:133-145, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.09 --- M. Gutiérrez-Elorza and F. J. Gracia: Environmental interpretation and evolution of the Tertiary erosion surfaces in the Iberian Range (Spain) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:147-158, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.10 --- Harald Borger: Environmental changes during the Tertiary: the example of palaeoweathering residues in central Spain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:159-173, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.11 --- E. Molina Ballesteros, J. García Talegón, and M. A. Vicente Hernández: Palaeoweathering profiles developed on the Iberian Hercynian Basement and their relationship to the oldest Tertiary surface in central and western Spain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:175-185, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.12 --- Piotr Migoń: Tertiary etchsurfaces in the Sudetes Mountains, SW Poland: a contribution to the pre-Quaternary morphology of Central Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:187-202, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.13 --- Ján Lacika: Neogene palaeosurfaces in the volcanic area of Central Slovakia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:203-219, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.14 --- India --- M. Widdowson: Tertiary palaeosurfaces of the SW Deccan, Western India: implications for passive margin uplift / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:221-248, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.15 --- Yanni Gunnell: Topography, palaeosurfaces and denudation over the Karnataka Uplands, southern India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:249-267, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.16 --- M. Widdowson, J. N. Walsh, and K. V. Subbarao: The geochemistry of Indian bole horizons: palaeoenvironmental implications of Deccan intravolcanic palaeosurfaces / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:269-281, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.17 --- Africa --- Kevin White, Nick Drake, and John Walden: Remote sensing for mapping palaeosurfaces on the basis of surficial chemistry: a mixed pixel approach / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:283-293, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.18 --- D. J. Bowden: The geochemistry and development of lateritized footslope benches: The Kasewe Hills, Sierra Leone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:295-305, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.19 --- South America --- L. Kennan, S. H. Lamb, and L. Hoke: High-altitude palaeosurfaces in the Bolivian Andes: evidence for late Cenozoic surface uplift / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:307-323, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.20 --- Errata --- Erratum / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:ERR, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.22 --- Erratum / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:ERR, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.23

Description / Table of Contents: Karen Ziegler, Peter Turner, and Stephen Daines: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:1-3, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.01 --- K. W. Glennie: History of exploration in the southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:5-16, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.02 --- K. W. Glennie: Recent advances in understanding the southern North Sea Basin: a summary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:17-29, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.03 --- Gareth T. George and Jeremy K. Berry: Permian (Upper Rotliegend) synsedimentary tectonics, basin development and palaeogeography of the southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:31-61, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.04 --- John Howell and Nigel Mountney: Climatic cyclicity and accommodation space in arid to semi-arid depositional systems: an example from the Rotliegend Group of the UK southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:63-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.05 --- Gregory P. Leveille, Rob Knipe, Colin More, Dave Ellis, Graham Dudley, Greg Jones, Quentin J. Fisher, and Gareth Allinson: Compartmentalization of Rotliegendes gas reservoirs by sealing faults, Jupiter Fields area, southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:87-104, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.06 --- Gregory P. Leveille, Tim J. Primmer, Graham Dudley, David Ellis, and Gareth J. Allinson: Diagenetic controls on reservoir quality in Permian Rotliegendes sandstones, Jupiter Fields area, southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:105-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.07 --- Nick Cameron and Tom Ziegler: Probing the lower limits of a fairway: further pre-Permian potential in the southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:123-141, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.08 --- David G. Quirk and John F. Aitken: The structure of the Westphalian in the northern part of the southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:143-152, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.09 --- D. G. Quirk: Sequence stratigraphy of the Westphalian in the northern part of the Southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:153-168, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.10 --- F. C. J. Mijnssen: Modelling of sandbody connectivity in the Schooner Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:169-180, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.11 --- C. S. Yang and Y. A. Baumfalk: Application of high-frequency cycle analysis in high-resolution sequence stratigraphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:181-203, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.12

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction --- Keith Nicholson, James R. Hein, Bernhard Bühn, and Somnath Dasgupta: Precambrian to modern manganese mineralization: Changes in ore type and depositional environment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:1-3, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.01 --- Review --- Supriya Roy: Genetic diversity of manganese deposition in the terrestrial geological record / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:5-27, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.02 --- Precambrian Deposits --- G.P. Glasby: Fractionation of manganese from iron in Archaean and Proterozoic sedimentary ores / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:29-42, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.03 --- Dmitri A. Kulik and Michael N. Korzhnev: Lithological and geochemical evidence of Fe and Mn pathways during deposition of Lower Proterozoic banded iron formation in the Krivoy Rog Basin (Ukraine) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:43-80, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.04 --- Bernhard Bühn and Ian G. Stanistreet: Insight into the enigma of Neoproterozoic manganese and iron formations from the perspective of supercontinental break-up and glaciation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:81-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.05 --- C. Manikyamba and S.M. Naqvi: Mineralogy and geochemistry of Archaean greenstone belt-hosted Mn formations and deposits of the Dharwar Craton: Redox potential of proto-oceans / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:91-103, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.06 --- Joydip Mukhopadhyay, Asru K. Chaudhuri, and S. K. Chanda: Deep-water manganese deposits in the mid- to late Proterozoic Penganga Group of the Pranhita-Godavari Valley, South India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:105-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.07 --- Keith Nicholson, V. K. Nayak, and J. K. Nanda: Manganese ores of the Ghoriajhor-Monmunda area, Sundergarh District, Orissa, India: geochemical evidence for a mixed Mn source / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:117-121, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.08 --- Cenozoic Deposits --- James R. Hein, Andrea Koschinsky, Peter Halbach, Frank T. Manheim, Michael Bau, Jung-Keuk Kang, and Naomi Lubick: Iron and manganese oxide mineralization in the Pacific / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:123-138, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.09 --- D. S. Cronan: Some controls on the geochemical variability of manganese nodules with particular reference to the tropical South Pacific / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:139-151, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.10 --- U. Von Stackelberg: Growth history of manganese nodules and crusts of the Peru Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:153-176, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.11 --- Akira Usui and Masao Someya: Distribution and composition of marine hydrogenetic and hydrothermal manganese deposits in the northwest Pacific / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:177-198, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.12 --- B. Nagender Nath, W. L. Plüger, and I. Roelandts: Geochemical constraints on the hydrothermal origin of ferromanganese encrustations from the Rodriguez Triple Junction, Indian Ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:199-211, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.13 --- G. P. Glasby, E. M. Emelyanov, V. A. Zhamoida, G. N. Baturin, T. Leipe, R. Bahlo, and P. Bonacker: Environments of formation of ferromanganese concretions in the Baltic Sea: a critical review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:213-237, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.14 --- J. Rey, L. Somoza, J. Martínez-Frías, R. Benito, and S. Martín-Alfageme: Deception Island (Antarctica): a new target for exploration of Fe-Mn mineralization? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:239-251, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.15 --- A. Crespo and R. Lunar: Terrestrial hot-spring Co-rich Mn mineralization in the Pliocene-Quaternary Calatrava Region (central Spain) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:253-264, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.16 --- K. M. Michailidis, K. Nicholson, M. K. Nimfopoulos, and R. A. D. Pattrick: An EPMA and SEM study of the Mn-oxide mineralization of Kato Nevrokopi, Macedonia, northern Greece: Controls on formation of the Mn4+ oxides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:265-280, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.17 --- Hiroyuki Miura and Yu Hariya: Recent manganese oxide deposits in Hokkaido, Japan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:281-299, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.18 --- Geochemistry and Mineralogy --- Lev M. Gramm-Osipov: Formation of solid phases of manganese in oxygenated aquatic environments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:301-308, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.19 --- Keith Nicholson and Mark Eley: Geochemistry of manganese oxides: metal adsorption in freshwater and marine environments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:309-326, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.20 --- Somnath Dasgupta: P-T-X relationships during metamorphism of manganese-rich sediments: Current status and future studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:327-337, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.21 --- M. K. Nimfopoulos, K. M. Michailidis, and G. Christofides: Zincian rancieite from the Kato Nevrokopi manganese deposits, Macedonia, northern Greece / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:339-347, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.22 --- S. D. Gamblin and D. S. Urch: The determination of the valency of manganese in mineralogical and environmental samples by X-ray emission spectroscopy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:349-356, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.23

Description / Table of Contents: The book gives a general overview of recent approaches to debris flows. Problems of both occurrences and dynamics of debris flow are treated, taking into account new results from theoretical and experimental research and field observations. Finally, the functioning of the main control devices are reconsidered in the light of the state of the art. Contents: Observation and Measurement for Debris Flow - Introduction, Prediction of Debris Flow for Warning and Evacuation, Large and Small Debris Flows - Occurence and Behaviour, Field Survey for Debris Flow in Volcanic Area.- Dynamics of Debris Flow - Introduction, A Comparison Between Gravity Flows of Dry Sand and Sand-Water Mixtures, Review Dynamic Modeling of Debris Flows, Dynamics of the Inertial and Viscous Debris Flows, Selected Notes on Debris Flow Dynamicss.- Control Measures for Debris Flow - Introduction, Development of New Methods for Countermeasures against Debris Flows, Torrent Check Dams as a Control Measure for Debris Flows, On the Dynamic Impact of Debris Flows.

Description / Table of Contents: P. D. Jackson, D. G. Gunn, R. C. Flint, D. Beamish, P. I. Meldrum, M. A. Lovell, P. K. Harvey, and A. Peyton: A non-contacting resistivity imaging method for characterizing whole round core while in its liner / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:1-10, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.01 --- D. J. Prosser, A. Hurst, and M. R. Wilson: One-man-operable probe permeameters / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:11-18, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.02 --- S. R. McDougall, A. B. Dixit, and K. S. Sorbie: Network analogues of wettability at the pore scale / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:19-35, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.03 --- S. Pugliese and N. Petford: Pore-structure visualization in microdioritic enclaves / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:37-46, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.04 --- Paul B. Basan, Ben D. Lowden, Peter R. Whattler, and John J. Attard: Pore-size data in petrophysics: a perspective on the measurement of pore geometry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:47-67, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.05 --- M. S. King, A. Shakeel, and N. A. Chaudhry: Acoustic wave propagation and permeability in sandstones with systems of aligned cracks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:69-85, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.06 --- Shiyu Xu, Just Doorenbos, Sue Raikes, and Roy White: A simple but powerful model for simulating elastic wave velocities in clastic Silicate rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:87-105, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.07 --- T. Apuani, M. S. King, C. Butenuth, and M. H. De Freitas: Measurements of the relationship between Sonic wave velocities and tensile strength in Anisotropic rock / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:107-119, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.08 --- C. McCann, J. Sothcott, and S. B. Assefa: Prediction of petrophysical properties from seismic quality factor measurements / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:121-130, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.09 --- Y. F. Sun and D. Goldberg: Estimation of aspect-ratio changes with pressure from seismic velocities / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:131-139, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.10 --- P. K. Harvey, M. A. Lovell, J. C. Lofts, P. A. Pezard, and J. F. Bristow: Petrophysical estimation from downhole Mineralogy logs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:141-157, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.11 --- Paul F. Worthington: Petrophysical estimation of permeability as a function of scale / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:159-168, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.12 --- C. A. Gonçalves, P. K. Harvey, and M. A. Lovell: Prediction of petrophysical parameter logs using a multilayer backpropagation neural network / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:169-180, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.13 --- Brian P. Moss: The partitioning of petrophysical data: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:181-252, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.14 --- A. Revil, P. A. Pezard, and M. Darot: Electrical conductivity, spontaneous potential and ionic diffusion in porous media / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:253-275, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.15 --- Brígida Ramati P. Da Rocha and Tarek M. Habashy: Fractal Geometry, porosity and complex resistivity: from rough pore interfaces to hand specimens / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:277-286, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.16 --- Brígida Ramati P. Da Rocha and Tarek M. Habashy: Fractal Geometry, porosity and complex resistivity: from hand specimen to field data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:287-297, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.17 --- M. Ben Clennell: Tortuosity: a guide through the maze / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:299-344, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.18 --- J. C. Lofts, J. Bedford, H. Boulton, J. A. van Doorn, and P. Jeffreys: Feature recognition and the interpretation of images acquired from horizontal wellbores / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:345-365, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.19 --- D. Goldberg and Y. F. Sun: Scattering attenuation as a function of depth in the Upper Oceanic Crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:367-375, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.20 --- N. Passas, C. Butenuth, and M. H. De Freitas: An application of the Moiré Method to a study of local strains during rock failure in tension / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:377-388, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.21

Description / Table of Contents: "Our changing climate is the fourth in a series of publication on climate and global change intended for public education. The documents are a collaborative effort of the UCAR Joint Office for Science Support and NOAA Office of Global Programs, for the purpose of raising the level of public awareness of issues dealing with global environmental change."

Description / Table of Contents: Clays and soils are of great importance in various scientific fields, such as agriculture and environmental science, and in mineral deposits. Students and close collaborators of Georges Millot, the eminent French clay sedimentologist, have put together a book with topics ranging from weathering processes and diagenetic evalution of sediments to sedimentary mineral deposits. The book is of interest to practitioners, advanced students as well as teachers in the above fields

Description / Table of Contents: Water flow in frozen soils is closely linked to the heat dynamics in the soil-snowatmosphere system. Therefore, a detailed understanding of both thermal and hydraulic processes, as well as the way they are linked is required to quantify and predict the fluxes during freezing and snowmelt. This thesis focuses on different key processes with regard to water dynamics in frozen soils: (a) the heat exchange at the snow surface, (b) the snowmelt infiltration, (c) the freezing characteristic curve, and (d) the frost-induced solute redistribution. Experimental studies were conducted both in the laboratory, using small soil columns and in the field, on soil plots of 4 m2 Oysimeters) and on an arable field of 6 ha. A one-dimensional numerical SV AT-model (SOIL) with a new two-domain concept for water flow in partly frozen soils was applied to these experiments. Measurements of soil water content (total and liquid), soil temperature, groundwater level and solute concentration as continuous time-series provided valuable information about the physical dynamics in the soil during cycles of freezing and thawing. For a shallow or patchy snowcover the simulation of soil frost was very sensitive to the surface energy balance and the snow depth and required accurate precipitation and radiation measurements. The two-domain infiltration model reproduced the field observations better than a single-domain model and gave more flexibility when simulating different field conditions. However, it also increased the model sensitivity. Major sources of uncertainty were the frost-induced water redistribution, the hydraulic conductivity of the initially air-filled pores and the freezing rate of the infiltrating water in the frozen soil. Accurate measurements of soil hydraulic properties were essential for calibrating the model for new soils. Further development of the model will have to include a more sophisticated description of the snow processes and the solute transport in order to be able to address key environmental problems.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume represents a review of the key topics that are important to the continuing successful exploitation of gas from one of Europe's oldest hydrocarbon provinces. In a mature hydrocarbon province such as the southern North Sea, advanced techniques are needed for stratigraphic correlation and for improving the efficiency of production. Exploration in the SNS now aims for subtle traps and satellite structures. Explorers are re-evaluating the economic value of marginal and existing fields, and they are continually searching for, and applying, new techniques and technologies for enhanced productivity. Detailed techniques in diagenesis play an important role. Re-evaluation also includes examination of old plays, using detailed knowledge of the connectivity, spatial extent and correlation of known prospective strata to make reliable predictions.

Description / Table of Contents: Microorganisms cause mineral precipitation and dissolution and control the distribution of elements in diverse environments at and below the surface of the Earth. Conversely, mineralogical and geochemical factors exert important controls on microbial evolution and the structure of microbial communities. This was the rationale for the Short Course on Geomicrobiology presented by the Mineralogical Society of America on October 18 and 19, 1997, at the Alta Peruvian Lodge in Alta, Utah. Minerals have been known and honored since humans realized their essential contributions to the "terra firma" and stone tools thrust our species on the path of cultural evolution. Microbes are the oldest living creatures, probably inhabiting at least a few salubrious environments on the earth as early as 3.8 billion years ago. At this moment in history we are only beginning to appreciate the intimate juxtaposition and interdependence of minerals and microbes. We have been nudged into this position by the realization that our earth is finite, and the recognition of many global environmental problems that minerals and microbes contribute to, both positively and negatively. In addition, our globe may not be the only site in the solar system where 'life' arose, or may persist. What all of these concerns enunciate is that we as scientists only dimly comprehend our own dynamic "terrestrial halls." This short course and volume have been generated with great enthusiasm for grasping as much as possible of the whole panorama of possibilities that involve both the inorganic and biologic realms . Over 3600 mineral species have been defined and their relationships to each other and the environments in which they form have been documented. This vast data base, collected over the past several hundred years and constantly added to and upgraded, is a monument to the research efforts of many geoscientists focused on the inorganic realm. Much of this data has come from investigators intrigued by the novelty, beauty, and versatility of minerals, direct expressions of the chemistry and physics of geologic processes. We are now adding a new dimension to questions of mineral formation, dissolution, and distribution: what were, are, and will be the contributions of microbes to these basic components of the environment. Microbes have also been known for hundreds of years. However, their small size (0.5 to 5 µm in diameter) and the difficulties associated with identifying a species unless it was grown in the laboratory (cultured), precluded thorough analysis. The advent of molecular biology has only recently made it possible to evaluate microbial evolutionary relatedness (phylogeny) and physiological diversity. These techniques are now being applied to study of microbial populations in natural environments. It is becoming very clear that the surface of Earth is populated by far more species of microbes than there are types of minerals. We are now exploring every portion of the globe and finding the relationships under the rubric "geomicrobiology." The ocean deeps are characterized by a diversity of microorganisms, including those associated with manganese nodules. The profusion and concentration of minerals created at ocean ridges and vents matches the variety of microorganisms, large animals, and plants there. The snowy tops of mountain ranges and glaciers of Antarctica harbor not just ice but whole bacterial communities whose cellular types and activities need elucidation. The equatorial jungles and the deserts, with their enormous diversity of ecological niches, further challenge us. The diversity of geographic, geologic, and biologic environments, including some contributed by humans (e.g. mines, air-conditioning equipment), can now also be explored in detail. Modern studies use protocols developed to preserve or measure in situ chemical and physical characteristics. Electron microscopes allow direct characterization of mineral and biological morphology and internal structures. Spectroscopic techniques permit complimentary chemical analysis, including determination of oxidation states, with very high spatial resolution. Other studies quantitatively measure isotopic abudances. These data serve to distinguish biologically mediated, or biologically controlled formation of the mineral from an abiotic process and mechanism. Each ecological niche requires accurate characterization of the mineralogic and biologic entities in order for us to begin to understand the range of dynamic relationships. We can pose many questions. Is the mineral only a substrate, or is its occurrence and stability impacted by microbiologic activity and metabolic requirements? Which minerals are of microbiological rather than inorganic origin and what are the mechanisms by which organisms dictate the morphology and structure of the solid phase formed? How do organic metabolic products bind metals and change their form and distribution, with implications for metal toxicity and geochemical cycles? How do inorganic reactions such as mineral dissolution and precipitation impact microbial populations through control of their physical and chemical environments? Clearly, new and excitingly research areas exist for all varieties of scientists. Although published by the Mineralogical Society of America, the authors of this volume include microbiologists, molecular biologists, biochemists, biophysicists, bioengineers as well as biomineralogists. Here, they bring together their respective expertise and perspectives to provide disciplinary and interdisciplinary background needed to define and further explore the topic of geomicrobiology. The volume is organized so as to first introduce the nature, diversity, and metabolic impact of microorganisms and the types of solid phases they interact with. This is followed by a discussion of processes that occur at cell surfaces, interfaces between microbes and minerals, and within cells, and the resulting mineral precipitation, dissolution, and changes in aqueous geochemistry. The volume concludes with a discussion of the carbon cycle over geologic time. In detail: Nealson and Stahl acquaint us with the basic properties of prokaryotes, including their size and structure. They define the types and ranges of microorganisms and their metabolisms and describe their impacts on some important biogeochemical cycles. Barns and Nierzwicki-Bauer document the phylogenetic relationships and evolution of microorganisms, begging some fundamental questions that might be now just beyond our grasp: What was the 'last common ancestor'? The physiology, biochemistry and ecology of hyperthermophilic, and the many diverse geologically important microbial species from the lithosphere and hydrosphere, as well as some of the techniques employed, are presented. Banfield and Hamers describe and integrate the processes acting on minerals and at surfaces relevant to microorganisms, examining the factors that control mineralogy, mineral forms, and the stability of phases. Surface properties and reaction rates for dissolution, precipitation, and growth of important classes of minerals are discussed. The possible role of mineral surfaces in formation of prebiotic molecules needed to explain the origin of life is examined. Little, Wagner and Lewandowski describe biofilms, an essential interface between microbes and minerals. They demonstrate that these membranes, with their unique morphological and structural attributes, are sites where much activity related to dissolution and/or formation of minerals takes place. Biology makes it possible to move molecules and elements against a gradient. Many questions regarding the transfer of elements from minerals to microbes at this important heterogeneous interface remain. Fortin, Ferris and Beveridge review surface-mediated mineral development by bacteria. Fresh or oceanic waters, anaerobic or aerobic environments provide discretely different ecologies, bacterial entities, and resulting mineralogies. It is obvious from this presentation that investigators have just scratched the surface of microbial mineralization processes. Bazlinski and Moskowitz review the magnetic biominerals and provide insights into the environmental and biological significance of these few tens of nanometer-sized mineral products. The magnetosome chemistry and biochemistry is probably the best understood of any biologically precipitated mineral. Their formation and unique properties underscore the roles these biomaterials play in the rock magnetic record and in geochemical cycles. Tebo, Ghiorse, van Waasbergen, Siering and Caspi contribute data on the roles of Mnminerals and Mn(II) oxidation in geologic environments. Their chapter encompasses molecular genetic and biochemical investigations. Manganese oxides and oxyhydroxides are notoriously difficult to identify and the crystal chemistry of these phases is a research effort on its own. The prospect of learning how microbes utilize the multiple oxidation states of Mn (2+, 3+ and 4+) as a source of energy sharpens the motivation for interdisciplinary study. Manganese is also known as a cofactor in the production and activation of the enzymes that digest large biomolecules that must be the source of the smaller molecular species and ultimately the building blocks of C, N, 0, H required by all species. How have the mechanisms identified in the bacterial systems been transferred up the phylogenetic tree to plants and humans? This is an expanding and intriguing area for further investigation. DeVrind-de Jong and de Vrind address silicate and carbonate deposition by algae (eukaryotic photosynthetic microorganisms). This chapter documents the mechanisms of biomineralization of diatoms and coccoliths. These abundant aquatic organisms are responsible for huge volumes of siliceous sediments and calcium carbonate deposits world wide. The implications of algal biomineralization for climatic variation throughout much of the Earth's history may be quite significant. Stone leads us though a quantitative approach to evaluating reactions between organic molecules and cations. He considers available extracellular organic ligands and the roles these play in uptake of metals. He documents the basic chemical speciation and complexation for several elements, making metal to metal comparisons. Remaining challenges involve coordinating the organic and inorganic results of biologic activity. Following the discussion of biomineralization and interactions between organic compounds and cations, Silver discusses the strategies microorganisms have evolved to deal with toxic metal concentrations in solution. Beyond the fundamental biological significance, this has important implications for understanding microbial populations in contaminated environments. The impact on the geochemical form (speciation) and distribution of elements is also discussed. Nordstrom and Southam summarize sulfide mineral oxidation and dissolution kinetics and devote considerable effort to describing the specific contributions of microorganisms, mostly bacteria. Despite the vast amount of accumulated information, many unanswered questions remain. Barker, Welch and Banfield address weathering of silicate minerals. This topic encompasses not only mineralogy but geomorphology, microbiology, and geochemistry. The necessary interdisciplinary mode of these investigations is highlighted by discussion of the role(s) of bacterial nutrition, groundwater chemistry, and biochemistry. There are obvious implications for hazardous waste storage, a currently daunting and politicized topic that requires predictions over thousands to millions of years. Finally, Des Marais treats the long term evolution of the carbon cycle, adopting a biogeochemical view. He discusses the sources, sinks and the transfer of the element over geologic time. Consideration of such a basic series of questions relating to the partitioning of carbon necessitate interdisciplinary crossovers. It is a fitting conclusion to a dialogue in progress.

Description / Table of Contents: This book presents a series of review articles on nine important ancient orogens on Earth. Comparison of these mountain belts provides a wealth of information for the debate on whether there has been a change in mountain-building processes through the history of the Earth. As a precursor to these papers, the rheology of the Earth’s lithosphere through time is reviewed. Theoretical analysis and insight into the behaviour of the lithosphere of other planets constrain mechanical considerations of the Earth’s lithosphere. It is clear from these overviews that geodynamic concepts and modelling, and new techniques such as deep seismic profiling and geochronology are having a profound impact on orogenic studies. It is also clear that orogenesis must not be equated with the Wilson cycle, culminating in continent-continent collision. Subduction-related orogens and intraplate orogens are also significant.