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  • commercial networks  (17)
  • ddc:330  (16)
  • Fisheries
  • bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
  • Firenze University Press  (25)
  • Cheltenham : Elgar  (16)
  • English  (39)
  • French  (2)
  • Turkish
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  • English  (39)
  • French  (2)
  • Turkish
  • Italian  (5)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: This paper, basing its analysis on England’s national customs accounts between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, briefly examines England’s ports as commercial nodes (of which London was the busiest, with Hull, Southampton and Bristol becoming the main regional hubs by the fifteenth century), its shipping (which provided both liner and tramping services and sailed all year round), and its exports (which shifted from wool to woollen cloth over the period). It then focuses on the range of markets with which English merchants and ships had direct maritime contacts.
    Keywords: england ; commercial networks ; economic history ; international trade
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: By means of a comparative analysis of the ‘Dutch case’ with the Saintonge in South-West France and Bohuslän in South-West Sweden, this paper analyses the rise and decline of maritime services clusters in preindustrial Europe. The leading question for this comparative analysis is: Was the ‘Dutch case’ exceptional or can similar developments be recognised in other parts of Europe as well? A survey of the regional economic origins of communities of maritime transporters is combined with analyses of their operations and institutions. Relying on primary sources, the paper addresses the contribution of a great many ‘anonymous’ people, that literally connected the ‘nodes’ in international maritime trade networks, but whose contribution to the preindustrial European economy has been assumed a priori rather than thoroughly investigated.
    Keywords: economic history ; dutch republic ; international trade ; commercial networks
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: The chapter analyzes, from a diachronic perspective, the role of trade with the Levant in the port industries of Genoa, Livorno, and Venice in the 16th and 17th centuries. An historical period in which the international trade system underwent substantial changes. From the expansion of the Atlantic routes to the official claim by the United Provinces and English, to the Italian Mariner crisis and the gradual advance of Nordic fleets along the Western Mediterranean routes. The Atlantic ships had an increasing influence on Genoa’s port industry. It was, however, Livorno who gained the most advantage from the presence of Dutch and English merchant ships along routes which met at Alexandretta in San Giovanni of Acre, at Constantinople, and most of all, at Smyrna.
    Keywords: economic history ; levant ; international trade ; commercial networks ; 16th century ; 17th century
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Firenze University Press
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: TOX is a manual aimed primarily at the Toxicology courses of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Science, that can also be profitably utilised by students following different degree courses in other Faculties (Medicine, Agriculture, Engineering)and by anyone else looking for a thorough but succinct overview of toxicological questions. TOX covers the principal sectors of general toxicology (acute and chronic toxicity, mutagenesis, teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, reproductive toxicity, oxidative damage, epidemiological methods), specialist toxicology(dietary toxicity, tobacco smoke, pesticides, N-nitroso compounds, heterocyclic amines and aromatic amines toxicity) and environmental toxicology (environmental estrogens, PAH, heavy metals, dioxins and polychlorinated di-benzo-furans, water and air pollution).
    Keywords: Medicina ; Tossicologia ; Farmacologia ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Firenze University Press
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: The present work explores brain functional changes in drug-naïve Parkinson's disease (PD) patients by means of molecular imaging techniques. Thirty-one consecutive drug-naïve PD patients from the Neurological Clinic of the University of Flor-ence underwent clinical assessment, neuropsychological assessment, MRI, [123I]FP-CIT SPECT, [18F]FDG PET. First, [18F]FDG-PET was employed to identify in drug-naïve PD patients brain metabolic alteration uniquely related to disease process and not modulated by anti-parkinsonian therapeutic intervention. Second, [18F]FDG-PET and [123I]FP-CIT SPECT were employed together to explore the early functional changes in brain function related to dopaminergic depletion in the putamen and in the caudate nucleus.
    Keywords: bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: This paper analyses the rise of Swedish trade and shipping in the Mediterranean in the eighteenth century. It focuses on three factors that shaped Sweden’s role in the area: foreign policy interest, foreign trade policy (mercantilism), and commodity demand and supply. The foreign policy interest is represented by attempts to build an alliance with the Ottoman Empire against Russia. An outcome of this was the short-lived Swedish Levant Company. The second factor relates to Sweden’s mercantilist policy in the Mediterranean, embodied in the Swedish Navigation Act, trade and peace treaties with the North-African states, and the consular services in southern Europe. Sea salt was in the core of this policy—a strategic commodity in northern Europe. Southern Europe, too, was important market for Swedish exports goods: iron, tar and pitch, and planks.
    Keywords: economic history ; sweden ; international trade ; commercial networks ; 18th century
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: As Michel Balard pointed out with reference to the late Middle Ages and to the relations between Genoa and overseas cities, “Genoa, a colonizer in the East, is colonized by the Orientals”. The aim of this work is to verify whether and to what extent this concept is applicable also to the modern age and whether it involved a wider geographic area than the one examined by this French historian. In particular we outline the features of the presence of foreign merchants in Genoa between the 16th and 18th centuries as a phenomenon complementary to the better known “diaspora” of Genoese businessmen.
    Keywords: economic history ; genoa ; international trade ; commercial networks ; 16th century
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: This work offers a new interpretation about the main groups implicated in the textile trade in Seville during the 16th century, proposing a new chronology concerning the substitution processes happened between them and the nature of the importance of those groups. This is specially clear in the longer endurance of the activity of castilian and mainly burgalese merchants in the importation of canvas, and also is remarkable the growing importance of the Castilian producction of clothes and silk (also in the Valencian case), covering an increasing share of the Peninsular and the American demand, existing cases of cooperation between those different groups.
    Keywords: economic history ; textiles ; international trade ; commercial networks ; seville ; 16th century
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: This essay examines how the various processes of economic integration brought about by commercial exchanges were influenced by networks of merchants, by the different functions and capacities of ports, and by the various locations of routes established between the Mediterranean, the Atlantic and the North Sea. The ports, the routes and ships, and the mentality and culture of the economic operators represent the three main themes of this study; it aims to observe and compare maritime environments which were completely different from one another, especially in terms of the size of the ports and the importance of the commercial itineraries based on them.
    Keywords: mediterranean ; economic history ; commercial networks ; international trade ; north sea
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: International trade during the 18th century is a case in point through which to study in-depth the challenges of asymmetric information. The challenges can be divided into three categories: availability, reliability and usability of information. This article discusses the organization of trade and shipping between Northern and Southern Europe. The access, reliability and use of information were problems for merchant-shipowners during the 18th century. The solutions adopted were partly contradictory: the aim to reduce information asymmetry on one determinant, might incur costs on the other.
    Keywords: economic history ; commercial networks ; northern Europe ; Southern Europe ; 18th century
    Language: English
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