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  • bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology  (370)
  • TA1-2040  (328)
  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (698)
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  • Washington, DC : United States Gov. Print. Off.
  • English  (698)
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  • English  (698)
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  • 101
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint focuses on forged steels as an interesting material family, both from a scientific and commercial point of view, due to their many applications. Despite their diffusion as a consolidated material, many research fields are actively employing new applications. At the same time, innovations are arising from the manufacturing process of such materials, including the possibility to manufacture them from metal powders suitable for 3D printing. This reprint embraces the interdisciplinary work covering physical metallurgy and processing, reporting the experimental and theoretical progress concerning microstructural evolution during processing, and microstructure–properties relations.
    Keywords: fracture ; cold work tool steel ; AISI D2 ; AISI O1 ; high carbon steel ; advanced high-strength forging steel ; hot-forging ; microstructure ; retained austenite characteristics ; mechanical properties ; applications ; tempering ; impact toughness ; carbides ; heat treatment ; bainite ; steel ; open die forging ; artificial neural network ; fast simulator ; process optimization ; advanced martensitic steel ; hot-stamping ; case hardening ; reverted austenite ; tensile property ; duplex type medium Mn steel ; n/a ; stretch-formability ; stretch-flangeability ; martensite-type medium Mn steel ; retained austenite ; heat-treatment ; isothermal transformation process ; direct quenching ; grain boundary misorientation ; welding residual stresses ; dislocations ; high-strength steels ; forging ; air-cooling ; TRIP-aided bainitic ferrite steel ; thermomechanical processing ; hydrogen embrittlement ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 102
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint, "Flexible Micromanipulators and Micromanipulation," is a collection of 12 full research articles that provide insights into the latest development and applications in the field of micromanipulation which has important applications in areas, such as metal additive manufacturing, medical devices, and robotics. The topics of the reprint cover the design and fabrication of magnetic actuators, electromagnetic levitation systems, compliant manipulators and robots, micromanipulation of microparticles and microcapsules to characterize mechanical properties of microscale objects, and inchworm robot for inspection, assembly, and maintenance.
    Keywords: electromagnetism ; magnetic manipulator ; magnetic actuator ; deep learning ; ANN ; ANN/SA ; magnetic levitation ; additive manufacturing ; eddy current levitation ; direct energy deposition ; tripteron ; triaxial ; parallel-kinematic ; compliant manipulator ; compact structure ; micromanipulation ; microparticles ; motion control ; vibrations ; dry friction ; control ; oscillating platform ; automatic data analysis ; mechanical strength ; algorithms ; multibody systems ; CSFH ; event-driven scheme ; non-smooth contact ; LN-model ; Moreau time-stepping scheme ; capillary force ; water ; vision feedback ; non-contact ; flexible parallel mechanism ; 3-PSS ; optimal design ; kinematics ; dynamics ; compliant mechanisms ; flexible elements ; element transfer matrix ; transfer matrix approach ; micro-grippers ; micro-manipulators ; flexure ; CFSH ; compliant mechanism ; the tangent stiffness matrix ; plant-based ; non-synthetic ; microcapsules ; intrinsic mechanical properties ; apparent elastic modulus ; mathematical modelling ; finite element analysis ; XYθ position control ; holonomic inchworm robot ; optical encoder ; closed-loop control ; calibration ; crosstalk error ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 103
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Additive manufacturing (AM), as an advanced manufacturing technology, has overturned the traditional concept of subtractive manufacturing. It has revolutionized advanced integrated structural design, high-performance material preparation, and the manufacturing of complex components. AM technology is changing the way products are developed, produced, and commercialized, leading to disruptive changes in the economy and society. AM technology has received extensive attention and research from the research community since its inception, and it is leading manufacturing technology and continues to be used with great effectiveness in the aerospace industry, automotive industry, medical plant applications, and many other fields. However, the development of additive manufacturing still faces demanding technical challenges; for example, due to insufficient process planning and inadequate process control, many defects are often observed in the products of AM processes, reducing production efficiency and deteriorating product quality. To promote AM technology toward high efficiency, high precision, high performance, and low cost in a green and intelligent direction, many advanced design and manufacturing technologies are in urgent need of further breakthroughs, such as numerical and analytical models for structural design, experimental methods, performance prediction, and process optimization.
    Keywords: additive manufacture ; cemented carbide ; functionally graded structure ; adhesive wear ; peridynamic method ; multiple-crack propagation ; SLM additive manufacturing ; defects ; additive manufacturing ; joule thermal ; mathematical model ; process parameters ; micro-droplet ; high-voltage electric field-driven jet ; Taylor cone ; micro-scale wax structure ; laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) ; nano-Si3N4 ; AlSi10Mg ; mechanical properties ; heat treatment ; diamond structure ; compression ; strain rate ; specific energy absorption ; CFA ; generation ; machine learning ; multiple linear regression ; sensitivity analysis ; utilization ; laser cladding ; composite alloy powder ; wear resistance ; corrosion resistance ; continuous carbon fiber reinforced ; resin matrix composites ; fused deposition modeling (FDM) ; formability ; projection stereolithography ; geometric accuracy ; 3D printing ; fused deposition modeling ; tensile strength ; adaptive neuron-fuzzy methods ; artificial neural network ; FeCrAl alloy ; thin-wall cladding ; LPBF ; simulation ; accuracy ; microstructure ; nanomechanical properties ; HVOF spraying ; NiCoCrAlYCe coatings ; indentation work ; strain rate sensitivity ; diamond coating ; tribological performance ; seawater environment ; lubricating film ; ultrafast laser ; selective laser melting ; special material manufacturing ; powder bed fusion ; laser manufacturing ; femtosecond laser ; picosecond laser ; Se doping silicon ; near-infrared ; Polycaprolactone (PCL) ; scaffolds structure ; viscous drag force ; single layer linear grid structure ; 55SiCr steel ; spring steel ; refining slag ; non-metallic inclusions ; high temperature viscosity ; laser powder bed fusion ; aluminum matrix composites ; microstructure evolution ; microhardness ; lattice structures ; BCCZ ; specific sensitivity analysis ; imitative full stress method ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 104
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint focuses on a number of timely and challenging issues in areas that support the design, implementation, and experimental testing of single and multiple autonomous air, land, and marine robots. Special emphasis is placed on the methods and techniques employed for motion planning and control that are rooted in solid theoretical concepts. Applications are also addressed in the area of advanced manipulator control. The reprint affords the reader a well-balanced presentation of a wide spectrum of topics that include, but are not limited to, the generation of optimal collision-free trajectories for heterogeneous vehicles working collaboratively or independently, the rapid adaptation of manipulator trajectories to task perturbations, the automatic collision avoidance for surface vessels, the path following controllers for marine and ground robots, the large-scale swarm counterattack strategies, and the optimal actuator configuration design for over-actuated underwater robots.
    Keywords: rapidly-exploring random trees ; manipulator ; priority determination ; real-time optimization ; path planning ; autonomous vessels ; collision avoidance ; model predictive control ; radial basis function networks ; trajectory optimization ; wheeled mobile robots ; path-following ; nonholonomic constraints ; over-actuated underwater robots ; multi-objective optimization ; underwater robots ; performance indices ; distributed trajectory generation ; Voronoi diagram ; multi-drone applications ; real-time replanning ; optimal trajectory generation ; Bernstein polynomials ; Bézier curves ; optimal control ; quadrotor control ; autonomous surface vehicle control ; cooperative path following ; online path planning ; chemical spill boundary encircling ; local planning ; obstacle avoidance ; manipulation ; task perturbation ; optimization ; control ; UAV ; ASV ; splashproof quadrotor ; vision system ; state machine ; autonomous landing ; marine robotics ; aerial robotics ; path following ; inner-outer loop control ; input-to-output stability ; AUVs ; ASVs ; robust control ; nonlinear control ; uncertain systems ; disturbance estimation ; robot safety ; parameter uncertainty ; swarming ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 105
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: The pursuit of industrial process improvement has been a continuous task in modern manufacturing and production. The confluence of automation and robotics has not only revolutionized manufacturing processes but has also redefined the benchmarks of efficiency, precision, and adaptability in various industries. This reprint, "Industrial Process Improvement by Automation and Robotics", is a comprehensive collection of research papers, each chapter delving into distinct facets of the integration of automation and robotics to enhance industrial processes across diverse applications. The compilation of fourteen chapters covers a broad spectrum of topics, addressing the latest technological advancements and innovative methodologies employed in industrial automation.The primary aim of this reprint is to serve as a compendium for researchers, engineers, industrial practitioners, and academicians actively involved or interested in the domains of automation, robotics, and industrial process improvement. The multidisciplinary approach of these chapters caters to a diverse audience seeking in-depth knowledge, innovative strategies, and insightful perspectives in this evolving field.
    Keywords: collaborative robotics ; brain–computer interface ; hand guiding ; haptic interface ; multimodal communication ; assembly task ; occupational risk assessment ; Industry 4.0 ; internet of things ; smart PPE ; machine vision ; form deviation ; evaluation algorithm ; image-based process ; edge detection ; automotive component industry ; spiral cable ; automation ; cutting system ; productivity ; online machine learning ; deep-q learning ; positioning accuracy ; industrial robot ; vibrations ; production planning ; decision support method ; production engineering ; robotic belt grinding ; surface roughness measurement ; generative adversarial network ; arc welding robot ; digital twin ; welding workstation ; placement planning ; process optimization ; human–cobot interaction ; job ; psychology ; process ; human–machine relationship ; human–machine collaboration ; human-oriented manufacturing ; Industry 5.0 ; human factor ; full-automated solutions ; competitiveness ; high productivity ; high flexibility ; bent wires ; cushions ; car seats ; automotive industry ; novel mechanical concepts ; microdrill ; cross-sectional geometric parameter (CSGP) ; cross-sectional web thickness (CSWT) ; cross-sectional outer diameter (CSOD) ; automation system ; image processing operations ; destructive and visual measurement ; robotics calibration ; network delays management ; resource sharing ; temporal delays ; realtime calibration ; realtime application over the network ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 106
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint includes research papers on different disciplines related to composites. It contains research related to new topics such as nanotubes, fibres, admixtures added in cement and concrete. Additionally self-healing and self-sensing issues are presented. Environmental, and thermal-related topics are also discussed. Studies related to consolidation topics and alkali activation of clays are included. This blend of traditional and modern building materials, all having a common ground, the use of new technologies for improving fresh and harden state properties, make this volume interesting.
    Keywords: single wall carbon nanotubes ; surfactant ; TritonX-100 ; mass of specimens ; compressive strength ; flexural Strength ; bulk density ; ternary cements ; limestone ; siliceous fly ash ; granulated blast furnace slag ; concrete properties ; concrete durability ; CO2 emission ; detached decorative plasters ; injection grout ; glass microspheres ; reduced density ; stability ; strength ; durability ; clay mortars ; activating solutions ; wetting–drying ; freeze–thaw cycles ; microstructure ; superabsorbent polymer ; steel fibers ; high-performance fiber reinforced concrete ; digital image correlation ; autogenous shrinkage ; tensile behavior ; nano-calcium oxide ; nano-silica ; self-healing ; cement pastes ; curing regime ; gypsum binder ; additives ; light-materials ; porosity ; thermal insulation ; cement ; hydrated lime ; HEMC ; mortar ; paste ; hydration ; setting process ; ultrasonic technique ; graphite ; electrical conductivity ; self-sensing ; multi-walled carbon nanotubes ; cement-based materials ; flexural strength ; electrical resistivity ; activation energy ; supplementary cementitious materials ; packing density ; filler effect ; high calcium fly ash ; ladle furnace slag ; limestone filler ; foamed geopolymer ; reinforcing lightweight concrete ; glass fiber composites ; concrete ; thermal properties ; structural properties ; composite modified asphalt binder ; rheological properties ; storage stability ; amorphous poly alpha olefin ; polyphosphoric acid ; application properties ; water retention ; plaster ; cellulose ether ; viscosity ; self-compacting concrete (SCC) ; mix proportion design ; optimization ; experimental verification ; the grey relational analysis ; hook-end steel fiber ; bond performance ; pullout test ; inclination angle ; fiber spacing ; pullout load-slip curve ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 107
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: Advanced manufacturing technology and systems cover a broad scope involving manufacturing processes, machine tool design, system optimization, smart and flexible manufacturing, theoretical study and metrology. This reprint comprises 19 original papers concerning recent advances in the research and development of AMTSs. Specifically, there are many research fields that are covered: machining processes (six papers), micro-/nano-precision fabrication (four papers), and system optimization (eight papers), in addition to one review.
    Keywords: pipeline corrosion ; BP neural network ; uncertainty ; corrosion growth model ; optical fiber sensor ; gold-plated fiber Bragg grating ; pressure ; temperature sensing ; optical properties ; sheet resistance ; transparent conductive thin film ; annealing temperature ; ZnO/Metal/ZnO ; KDP crystals ; water-dissolution polishing ; wetting characteristics ; surface quality ; additive manufacturing ; process parameters ; fused deposition modeling ; mechanical properties ; fiber-optic sensors ; temperature ; refractive index ; multi-parameter sensing ; Michelson interferometer ; fiber optic sensor ; Mach–Zehnder interferometer ; optical fiber waist-enlarged bitaper ; the refractive index sensitivity ; corrosion ; laser-assisted grinding ; grinding force ; material removal mechanism ; microcracks ; complementary metal-oxide semiconductor ; MEMS ; tactile sensor ; stiction effect ; temporary handling ; stiction contact ; Au–Si eutectic ; flip-chip ; chemical enhanced shear dilatancy ; tungsten ; polishing ; air-coupled acoustic transducer ; matching layer ; acoustic impedance ; bonding layer ; side ohmic contact ; transmission line model ; specific contact resistance ; annealing temperatures ; milling stability ; composite Cotes-based method ; Simpson’s 3/8-based method ; Floquet theory ; medical β titanium alloy ; ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting ; composite cutting process ; ECM ; gas–liquid two-phase turbulence model ; miniature bearing outer ring ; machining accuracy ; central composite design ; 4H-SiC wafer ; amorphous silica ; ReaxFF reactive molecular dynamics ; plastic removal ; chemical reaction ; atomic layer deposition (ALD) ; linewidth regulation ; micro- and nano-metrology ; one-dimensional nano-grating standard ; vision ; defect inspection ; YOLO ; FPGA ; attention ; femtosecond laser polishing ; SiC ceramics ; laser ablation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 108
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: With the development of computer technology and communication technology, various industries have collected a large amount of data in different forms, so-called big data. How to obtain valuable knowledge from these data is a very challenging task. Machine learning is such a direct and effective method for big data analytics. In recent years, a variety of advanced machine learning technologies have emerged, and they continue to play important roles in the era of big data. Considering advanced machine learning and big data together, we have selected a series of relevant works in this Special Issue to showcase the latest research advancements in this field. Specifically, a total of thirty-three articles are included in this Special Issue, which can be roughly categorized into six groups: time series analysis, evolutionary computation, pattern recognition, computer vision, image encryption, and others.
    Keywords: energy storage ; model predictive control ; peak shaving and frequency regulation ; output optimization ; global optimization ; meta-heuristic ; support vector machine swarm intelligence ; hyperspectral image classification ; CNN ; ELM ; PSO ; deep feature ; butterfly optimization algorithm ; random replacement ; crisscross search ; overseas Chinese associations ; support vector machine ; short-term traffic-flow forecasting ; bagging model ; stacking model ; ridge regression ; error coefficient ; least squares method ; support vector machines ; principal component analysis ; quick access recorder ; mean absolute error ; high-plateau flight ; event extraction ; event type ; event trigger words ; stock announcement news ; stock return ; traffic flow forecasting ; long short-term memory network ; graph convolutional network ; target detection ; infrared ; deep learning ; YOLOv5 algorithm ; design science research ; performance analysis ; machine learning ; classification algorithms ; clustering algorithms ; pilot abnormal behavior ; behavior detection ; YOLOv4 algorithm ; CBAM ; flight safety ; fault diagnosis ; variational mode decomposition ; composite multi-scale dispersion entropy ; particle swarm optimization ; deep belief network ; CBCFI ; combined prediction model ; ARMA ; GM ; GA ; BP ; hierarchical clustering ; Jaccard distance ; membership grade ; community clustering ; lightweight neural networks ; attentional mechanisms ; Hemerocallis citrina Baroni ; maturity detection ; cloud ; digital archives ; confidentiality management ; information system ; emotion-cause pair extraction ; heterogeneous graph ; graph attention network ; hierarchical model ; spatial-temporal systems ; neural networks ; information systems ; forecasting ; time series ; coupled map lattice ; polymorphic mapping ; color image ; hash function ; pixel level ; differential evolution ; capacitated vehicle routing planning ; saving mileage ; gravity search ; object detection ; computer vision ; border patrol ; COVID-19 ; warning system ; PROPHET ; health ; quantum dynamics ; neural architecture search ; image classification ; swarm intelligence ; whale optimization algorithm ; extreme learning machine ; talent stability prediction ; adversarial attacks ; document classification ; NLP ; convolutional neural networks ; disease classification ; generative adversarial network ; tomato leaf ; multi-strategy ; dual-update strategy ; mean-semivariance model ; portfolio optimization ; DNA computing ; DNA sequences design ; improved matrix particle swarm optimization algorithm (IMPSO) ; opposition-based learning ; signal-to-noise ratio distance ; time series classification ; complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) ; MultiRocket ; feature selection ; hybrid model ; multi-behavior recommendation ; sequential recommendation ; graph neural network ; embedding propagation ; 1D quadratic chaotic system ; image encryption ; splicing model ; DNA coding ; BaaS system ; blockchain consensus algorithm ; KNN ; service level agreement ; transaction priority ; data stream mining ; forex ; online learning ; adaptive learning ; incremental learning ; sliding window ; concept drift ; financial time series forecasting ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 109
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: This topic has been successfully completed. A total of 180 scientific articles were sent, of which 66 have been accepted for publication. These 66 articles are published in this reprint.
    Keywords: artificial intelligence ; expert systems ; machine learning ; deep learning ; modeling ; prediction ; probabilistic models ; prediction models ; sustainable mobility ; smart cities ; smart grids ; sustainable energy systems ; renewable energy sources ; nonrenewable energy sources ; electrical storage ; green hydrogen ; sustainable greenhouses ; wind ; microgrids ; tidal ; solar ; biomass ; power network ; solar thermal ; solar photovoltaic ; hydraulics ; ANN ; neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms ; hybrid models based on artificial intelligence ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 110
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: Computational modeling and simulation are essential to solid and structural mechanics. They have not only covered entire engineering fields (civil, aerospace, mechanical, etc.) but also various scales (from nano to macro) and physics (mono- and multiphysics). Recently, they have been found to be able to offer theoretical backgrounds of digital transformation. Society at large is increasingly enthusiastic about data-driven modeling and simulation, and the possibilities they offer. The aim of this Special Issue reprint was to provide a forum for researchers to discuss recent advanced computational modeling and simulation techniques of solids and structures, and applications to solve challenging engineering problems.
    Keywords: carbon nanotube ; strain sensor ; piezoresistive mechanism ; sensor pattern design ; learning tools ; teaching methodology ; educational software ; mechanism science ; problem-based learning ; bolted joints ; parameter identification ; thin-layer element ; pre-tightening torque ; contact interface ; FEM ; surrogate modeling ; mesh-free ; machine learning ; deep learning ; SIMP method ; impact condition ; non-matching interface ; condensed mortar method ; periodic structures ; polar coordinates ; wave propagation ; forced response of plates and shells ; finite element analysis ; unbounded structures ; deployment dynamics ; truss-link mechanism ; synthetic aperture radar ; friction compensation ; GP regression ; multi-objective optimization ; hot metal forming ; Inconel 625 ; multibody dynamics ; automotive driveshafts ; forced bending vibrations ; asymptotic method ; principal parametric resonance ; dynamic stability frontiers ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 111
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: Fatigue and fracture are important design criteria for marine structures subjected to static and cyclic loading. In particular, the ability to ensure structural integrity under all design conditions is of the utmost importance for the safety of humans and the environment. Many efforts have been made to develop fatigue and fracture mechanics methods in recent decades; however, discrepancies between predicted and actual strength remain due to various reasons. Hence, this Special Issue aims to collect descriptions of fatigue and fracture mechanical behaviour of marine structures. Studies demonstrating novel methods (either analytical, empirical or numerical), as well as presentations of case studies or innovative test studies, were invited. This includes considerations of parameters which have a large influence on fatigue and fracture behaviour of materials, welded joints or structural components, such as loading conditions, scale effects, etc.
    Keywords: fatigue and fracture of welded joints in ships and offshore structures ; ultimate and fatigue limit state assessment of marine structures ; numerical assessment for structural integrity assessment ; reliability assessment ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 112
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Several factors influence consumers’ choices of food products. While price remains the main criterion, quality, pleasure, convenience, and health are also important driving factors in food market evolution. Food enterprises are making significant efforts to manufacture products that meet consumers’ demands without compromising on safety standards. Additionally, the food industry also aims to improve the efficiency of transformation and conservation processes by minimizing energy consumption, process duration, and waste generation. However, foods are highly complex systems in which: (i) Non-linear dynamics and interactions among different temporal and spatial scales must be considered; (ii) A wide range of physical phenomena occur; (iii) Different food matrices, with different microstructures and properties are involved; and (iv) The number of quality and safety indicators (such as bacteria, total volatile basic nitrogen, color, texture, odor, and sensory characteristics) is substantial. Mathematical modeling and simulation are key elements that allow us to gain a deeper understanding of food processes and enable the use of tools such as optimization and real-time control to improve their efficiency. This Special Issue gathers research on the development of dynamic mathematical models that describe the relevant factors in food processes, and model-based tools to improve such processes. The contributions published in this Special Issue can be grouped into two categories: the evolution of safety and quality indicators in unprocessed food systems, and transformation and preservation processes.
    Keywords: food safety ; predictive microbiology ; mathematical models ; microbial inactivation ; sublethal injury ; bioprocess engineering ; fermentation process ; batch bioreactors ; dynamical non-linear mathematical model ; model identification ; particle swarm optimization ; simulation ; Carnobacterium maltaromaticum ; modeling ; microbial growth ; optimization ; fermentation ; temperature-dependent thermal properties ; scaled sensitivity coefficient ; TPCell ; parameter estimation ; inverse problems ; food microstructure ; electronic nose ; Shewanella putrefaciens ; dynamic growth ; spoilage prediction ; GC-MS ; acrylamide formation ; thermal resistance ; dynamic models ; FSSP ; DoE ; smoke ; fish ; wine fermentation ; nitrogen ; mathematical modeling ; population model ; maintenance ; variable yield ; underutilized wild species ; lycopene ; viscosity ; thermal processing ; color ; mathematical modelling ; fish quality ; fish freshness ; bibliometric analysis ; stress variables ; quality degradation ; beer fermentation ; food industry ; multi-objective optimization ; model-based optimization ; equivalent solutions ; uncertainty ; Monte Carlo ; frying operation ; acrylamide ; quality ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 113
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-05-11
    Description: This reprint focuses on new advances and developments in the topic of vibration control and structural health monitoring. In order to reduce the adverse impact of vibration on structures, vibration control and structure health monitoring have become increasingly important. In this reprint, frontier research topics in the following areas have been published: theory and computational methods of vibration control, materials and devices for vibration control, tests and applications of vibration mitigation or isolation techniques, structural health monitoring, vibration analysis, and tests and applications in relative fields.
    Keywords: cylindrical viscoelastic dampers ; wide frequency range ; dynamic mechanical performance tests ; energy consumption capacity ; structural health monitoring ; road roughness ; vehicle response ; frequency response function ; Fourier transform ; factors ; dependency of shear strain ; LRB ; SHDR ; seismic characteristics ; cyclic loading test ; piezoelectric material ; vibration control ; noise control ; active control ; damage structure ; SHM ; amplitude frequency characteristics ; damping effect ; meso-scale beam ; nonlinear vibration ; harmonic balance solution ; updated cycle iteration algorithm ; active vibration damper ; controlled vibration damper ; machine tool rams ; vibration damping ; actuator for vibration damping ; transmission tower ; settlement ; monitoring device ; natural frequencies ; hydraulic servo system ; valve-controlled hydraulic cylinder ; PID control ; genetic optimization ; Kalman filter ; eccentric structure ; torsional vibration ; magnetorheological damper ; OpenSEES ; modal analysis ; time history analysis ; reinforced concrete frame ; three-section variable stiffness ; multidimensional elastic–plastic ; vibration mitigation ; vibration analysis ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 114
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Data have become an immensely valuable resource. They are the key driver that puts the smart into smart services. This is fundamentally fueled by two technological achievements, namely the Internet of Things (IoT), which enables the continuous and comprehensive collection of all kinds of data, and blockchain technologies, which provide secure data management and exchange. In addition to those information security measures, data privacy solutions are also required to protect the sensitive data involved. In this book, eight research papers address security and privacy challenges when dealing with blockchain technologies and the IoT. Solutions are presented to the issue of how IoT group communication can be secured and how trust within IoT applications can be increased. In the context of blockchain technologies, approaches to enhance query-processing capabilities and efficiently apply a proof-of-work consensus protocol in IoT environments are introduced. Furthermore, how blockchain technologies can be used in IoT environments to control access to confidential IoT data as well as enable privacy-aware data sharing is discussed. Finally, two reviews offer an overview of the state-of-the-art in in-app activity recognition based on convolutional neural networks and the prospects for blockchain technology applications in ambient assisted living.
    Keywords: crowd management ; software-defined networking ; linked-data signatures ; Web of Things ; zero-knowledge proofs ; digital twin ; blockchain ; Proof-of-Work ; microservices ; Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) ; byzantine fault tolerance ; IoT ; security ; privacy ; environment ; IOTA ; Tangle ; MAM ; directed acyclic graph ; distributed ledger ; blockchain systems ; query processing ; data models ; data structures ; block structures ; encrypted traffic classification ; network analysis ; mobile data ; network traffic to image ; Internet of Things ; ECIES ; secure hash function ; reliability ; trust model ; social internet of things ; service delegation ; ambient assisted living ; security and privacy ; IoT blockchain integration ; decentralization ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 115
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: We are pleased to present a Special Issue of Languages on the topic of Sign Language Emergence. Sign languages are the only extant languages that can be caught in the act of being born and developing with no model, and they, therefore, offer the only empirical evidence for language emergence in human societies. We have brought together a collection of articles on emerging sign languages that contribute a great deal to our current understanding of this process.This Special Issue covers eleven different emerging sign languages around the world. The articles deal with several aspects of language emergence, including, most notably: (1) the relationship between the emerging language and the culture of the larger society; (2) the role of iconicity in the emergence of sign language; (3) the relationship between the shared context in a small signing community and the degree of variation in the vocabulary; and (4) the vulnerability of budding sign languages. Spoken creole languages are also young, but are different from emerging sign languages, in that the speakers of pidgins from which creoles are assumed to have descended already had native languages. One article compares the features of creoles and of emerging sign languages.We are especially pleased with the diversity and breadth of interests of the contributors to the volume, who are based on four continents. The languages that they cover are equally diverse in their geographical provenance.
    Keywords: Kata Kolok ; negation ; grammaticalization ; language emergence ; language change ; non-manuals ; gesture ; sign language ; social structure ; lexical variation ; agent-based modeling ; language shift ; mergence ; Israeli Sign Language ; Kufr Qassem Sign Language ; bilinguals ; language preference ; homesign ; emerging grammar ; turn-taking ; acquisition ; socialization ; Mexico ; Tzotzil ; silent gesture ; interaction ; improvisation ; grammatical categories ; sign language emergence ; iconicity ; phonology ; classifiers ; Central Taurus Sign Language ; village sign language ; emerging lexicon ; object descriptions ; iconic representations ; Nicaraguan Sign Language ; non-manual markers ; wh-questions ; conventionalization ; handshape ; creole ; pidgin ; word order ; embedding ; aspect ; inflection ; sign language evolution ; signing space ; verb agreement ; pronouns ; Yucatec Maya Sign Language ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Primary and secondary solar concentrators are of vital importance for advanced solar energy and solar laser researches. Some of the most recent developments in primary and secondary solar concentrators were firstly presented. A novel three-dimensional elliptical-shaped Fresnel lens analytical model was put forward to maximize the solar concentration ratio of Fresnel-lens-based solar concentrators. By combining a Fresnel lens with a modified parabolic mirror, significant improvement in solar laser efficiency was numerically calculated. A fixed fiber light guide system using concave outlet concentrators was proposed. The absence of a solar tracking structure highlights this research. By shaping a luminescent solar concentrators in the form of an elliptic array, its emission losses was drastically reduced. Simple conical secondary concentrator was effective for thermal applications. New progresses in solar-pumped lasers by NOVA University of Lisbon were presented. By adopting a rectangular fused silica light guide, 40 W maximum solar laser power was emitted from a single Ce:Nd:YAG rod. An aspheric fused silica secondary concentrator and a small diameter Ce:Nd:YAG rod were essential for attaining 4.5 % record solar-to-laser power conversion efficiency. A novel solar concentrator design for the efficient production of doughnut-shaped and top-hat solar laser beams were also reported. More importantly, a novel solar concentrator approach for the emission of 5 kW-class TEM00 mode solar laser beams from one megawatt solar furnace was put forward at the end of this book, revealing promising future for solar-pumped lasers.
    Keywords: luminescent solar concentrator ; solar spectrum splitter ; power generation in space ; microalgae ; beam merging ; multirod ; Nd:YAG ; solar furnace ; solar flux homogenizer ; solar laser ; TEM00-mode ; solar pumping ; twisted light guide ; top hat ; doughnut-shaped ; nanofluid ; conical concentrator system ; performance comparison ; thermal efficiency ; Fresnel lens ; Gaussian source ; groove number ; solar flux ; optical efficiency ; full width at half maximum ; concentrator ; light guide ; optical fiber solar system ; solar daylighting ; laser ; parabolic mirror ; solar concentrator ; collecting efficiency ; conical solar concentrator ; performance analysis ; solar energy ; Ce:Nd:YAG ; aspherical lens ; side-pumped ; uniformity ; light-guide ; homogenizer ; solar-pumped laser ; laser efficiency ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This Special Issue, “Sustainability in Maritime Transport: Advances, Solutions and Pending Tasks”, provides an up-to-date overview of the use of new technologies to develop more sustainable maritime transport based on new combustibles, working procedures and related industries, all of which are in agreement with the technical limitations indicated by safety on board.
    Keywords: truck congestion problem ; truck appointment system ; cooperation model ; scheduling of truck arrivals ; short sea shipping ; cold ironing ; on-shore power supply ; LNG ; port sustainability ; efficient transport ; riverine communities ; sustainable cities ; renewable energy ; environment ; northern sea route ; resilience assessment ; Bayesian network ; fuzzy theory ; tug ; bollard pull ; tons of steering pull ; escort towing ; ship-handling towing ; mathematical model ; marine scrubber ; muffler ; FEA ; experimental test ; transmission loss ; liquefied hydrogen ; batteries ; high-speed ferry ; safety ; hazard identification ; quantitative risk assessments ; cruise ships ; navigation ; sustainability ; marine environment ; the Adriatic Sea ; suffocation on ships ; human-related hazardous events ; complex network ; HFACS ; maritime transport routes ; safety of navigation ; maritime transport ; design of waterways ; marine simulation ; full-mission ship simulator ; maritime traffic engineering ; safe maneuvering area ; safe operation of the ship ; navigational risk ; computerized maintenance management systems ; planned maintenance ; database ; benefits ; quality ; fuel gas supply system ; life cycle analysis ; ship draught ; depth of port channels and basins ; ship maneuverability at low depths ; energy consumption ; emissions generated by ships ; social systems ; situational systems ; marine accidents ; Ishikawa diagram ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: The green approach is no longer (and can no longer be) a goal of the future, but it is a concrete and practical necessity of the present. To take stock of new trends, this Special Issue lines up some recently developed green materials and remarkable progress and developments in manufacturing processes.
    Keywords: sustainable manufacturing ; minimum quantity lubrication ; cryogenic machining ; solid lubricants ; vegetable oils ; steels ; carbon fiber ; composites ; automotive ; ex ante LCA ; economic assessment ; LCC ; recycling ; repair ; circular economy ; copper slag ; mechanical strength ; flowability ; chemical composition and microstructure analysis ; waste tires ; concrete ; aggregate ; compressive strength ; treatments ; durability ; dune sand ; tensile strength ; fine aggregate ; biochar ; asphalt binder ; physical properties ; red mud ; eco-friendly concrete ; slump ; clay plasters ; drying shrinkage ; plaster characterization ; physical and mechanical properties ; sustainable building materials ; lightweight bricks ; spent mushroom materials ; bio-based materials ; thermal insulation ; energy efficiency buildings ; biomass waste ; building performance ; energy efficiency ; Garcinia mangostana L. ; green product ; green synthesis ; nanocomposites ; zinc oxide-copper oxide ; green materials ; rice husk ; agricultural byproduct ; 3D printing ; digital fabrication ; particleboard ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: This Special Issue contains new developments and advanced ideas in optical spectroscopy and imaging for their active translation to biological and clinical practice. The published manuscripts provide new insight into state-of-the-art modern methods of biomedical optics and provides new knowledge to potential readers about possible areas of their application. It highlights the advantages and unique features of using optical diagnostic technologies in the detection and analysis of lesions. The articles discuss the development and application of optical methods, expanding the current diagnostic capabilities of various diseases, and other aspects of the use of spectroscopy and imaging in biology and clinical practice.
    Keywords: bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Cardiothoracic and pulmonary diseases are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the lack of access to clinical care, the overburdened medical system, and the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in improving medicine. There are a variety of diseases affecting the cardiopulmonary system including lung cancers, heart disease, tuberculosis (TB), etc., in addition to COVID-19-related diseases. Screening, diagnosis, and management of cardiopulmonary diseases has become difficult owing to the limited availability of diagnostic tools and experts, particularly in resource-limited regions. Early screening, accurate diagnosis and staging of these diseases could play a crucial role in treatment and care, and potentially aid in reducing mortality. Radiographic imaging methods such as computed tomography (CT), chest X-rays (CXRs), and echo ultrasound (US) are widely used in screening and diagnosis. Research on using image-based AI and machine learning (ML) methods can help in rapid assessment, serve as surrogates for expert assessment, and reduce variability in human performance. In this Special Issue, “Artificial Intelligence in Image-Based Screening, Diagnostics, and Clinical Care of Cardiopulmonary Diseases”, we have highlighted exemplary primary research studies and literature reviews focusing on novel AI/ML methods and their application in image-based screening, diagnosis, and clinical management of cardiopulmonary diseases. We hope that these articles will help establish the advancements in AI.
    Keywords: lung ; conventional radiography ; diagnostic procedure ; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; COVID-19 ; computed tomography ; lungs ; variability ; segmentation ; hybrid deep learning ; artificial intelligence ; deep learning ; computer-based devices ; radiology ; thoracic diagnostic imaging ; chest X-ray ; CT ; observer tests ; performance ; lung CT images ; nodule detection ; VGG-SegNet ; pre-trained VGG19 ; cardiac amyloidosis ; AL/TTR amyloidosis ; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ; left ventricular hypertrophy ; convolutional neural network ; Tuberculosis (TB) ; drug resistance ; chest X-rays ; generalization ; localization ; Electrical Impedance Tomography ; lung imaging ; cardiopulmonary monitoring ; aorta ; lung cancer ; pulmonary artery ; pulmonary hypertension ; modality-specific knowledge ; object detection ; RetinaNet ; ensemble learning ; pneumonia ; mean average precision ; source data set ; supervised classification ; coronary artery disease ; machine learning ; cardiopulmonary disease ; faster CNN ; medical imaging ; X-rays ; transfer learning ; explainability ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Cardiothoracic and pulmonary diseases are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the lack of access to clinical care, the overburdened medical system, and the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in improving medicine. There are a variety of diseases affecting the cardiopulmonary system including lung cancers, heart disease, tuberculosis (TB), etc., in addition to COVID-19-related diseases. Screening, diagnosis, and management of cardiopulmonary diseases has become difficult owing to the limited availability of diagnostic tools and experts, particularly in resource-limited regions. Early screening, accurate diagnosis and staging of these diseases could play a crucial role in treatment and care, and potentially aid in reducing mortality. Radiographic imaging methods such as computed tomography (CT), chest X-rays (CXRs), and echo ultrasound (US) are widely used in screening and diagnosis. Research on using image-based AI and machine learning (ML) methods can help in rapid assessment, serve as surrogates for expert assessment, and reduce variability in human performance. In this Special Issue, “Artificial Intelligence in Image-Based Screening, Diagnostics, and Clinical Care of Cardiopulmonary Diseases”, we have highlighted exemplary primary research studies and literature reviews focusing on novel AI/ML methods and their application in image-based screening, diagnosis, and clinical management of cardiopulmonary diseases. We hope that these articles will help establish the advancements in AI.
    Keywords: lung ; conventional radiography ; diagnostic procedure ; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; COVID-19 ; computed tomography ; lungs ; variability ; segmentation ; hybrid deep learning ; artificial intelligence ; deep learning ; computer-based devices ; radiology ; thoracic diagnostic imaging ; chest X-ray ; CT ; observer tests ; performance ; lung CT images ; nodule detection ; VGG-SegNet ; pre-trained VGG19 ; cardiac amyloidosis ; AL/TTR amyloidosis ; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ; left ventricular hypertrophy ; convolutional neural network ; Tuberculosis (TB) ; drug resistance ; chest X-rays ; generalization ; localization ; Electrical Impedance Tomography ; lung imaging ; cardiopulmonary monitoring ; aorta ; lung cancer ; pulmonary artery ; pulmonary hypertension ; modality-specific knowledge ; object detection ; RetinaNet ; ensemble learning ; pneumonia ; mean average precision ; source data set ; supervised classification ; coronary artery disease ; machine learning ; cardiopulmonary disease ; faster CNN ; medical imaging ; X-rays ; transfer learning ; explainability ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: Photocatalysis represents an interesting approach for different applications, with the possibility of using sunlight as a sustainable and renewable source of energy. This technology is based on the use of a semiconductor that can be excited by light with an energy higher than its band gap, inducing the formation of energy-rich electron–hole pairs that can be involved in redox reactions. Recent progress has explored the chemical nature of structured semiconductors with the object of improving their electronic and optical properties, enhancing their photoresponse under different conditions. This Special Issue collected original research papers, reviews and commentaries focused on the challenges in the design of structured semiconductors with photocatalytic applications; thus, submissions focusing on synthesis, the characterization of new photocatalysts, studies of activity and stability, and the mechanisms of photocatalytic reactions are invited for submission.
    Keywords: silver/silver bromide ; activated carbon ; controlled microstructures ; tetracycline degradation ; reactive oxygen species ; 2D Ti3C2 MXene ; membrane ; broadband ; solar desalination ; freshwater ; metal nanoparticles ; thin film ; bandgap ; photocatalytic activity ; thin film deposition ; nanoparticles ; aerosols ; photocatalysis ; GCN/Ag2CrO4 ; organic pollutants ; microorganisms ; wastewater ; royal blue LED ; photocatalyst ; thermal analysis ; mass spectrometry ; surface area ; synthesis ; alkali precipitation ; diffuse reflectance ; hierarchical photocatalysts ; environment applications ; inorganic structures ; organic structures ; hybrid structures ; template free structures ; environmental and energetic applications ; catalyst synthesis ; fluoride-doped titanium dioxide ; pulse radiation ; process evaluation ; photocatalyst characterization ; titanium dioxide ; fumed silica ; methylene blue decomposition ; chemical vapor deposition (CVD) ; gas-phase ; photodecomposition ; specific surface area ; nanocomposite ; photo-electro-Fenton process ; chlordimeform ; wastewater treatment ; bifunctional catalyst ; photodegradation ; nanohybrids ; MoS2/Co3O4 ; methyl orange (MO) ; environment remediation ; heterojunction ; CuS/PbS/ZnO ; hydrogen production ; sacrificial reagent ; cerium oxide ; CeO2 ; Pd−doped CeO2 ; noble metal ; oxygen vacancies ; MB degradation ; antibacterial studies ; CuO-TiO2 nanocomposites ; green synthesis ; photocatalysts ; sulfisoxazole ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: The reprint presents a collection of contributions to various aspects of ship hydrodynamics and dynamics, a part of which was presented at the MARTECH2020 Conference, and all of which were published in a Special Issue of the journal, Marine Science and Engineering. The scope of the collection covers nearly all branches of ship hydrodynamics and dynamics, and so it may be of interest to all specialists in the field as well as for naval architects and applied mechanicians of various levels. The authors are recognized specialists from a number of countries, and to all of whom the Editors express their acknowledgement.
    Keywords: bow configuration ; level ice ; ice resistance ; sensitivity analysis ; integrated evaluation ; manoeuvrability standards ; standardizing methodology ; EEDI ; influence of wind and sea waves ; controllability in wind ; ship aerodynamic characteristics ; rudder hydrodynamics ; mesh properties ; mesh independence ; computational fluid dynamics ; damaged ship ; progressive flooding ; random forests ; database generation ; decision support system ; wave-induced ship motions ; steady wave force and moment ; inertia effects ; RANS ; OpenFOAM ; aerodynamic loads ; CFD ; scale-effect ; patrol vessel ; turbulence model dependency ; bulk carrier ; propeller cup ; fuel consumption ; decarbonization ; weather condition ; cavitation ; floating structure ; solitary wave ; semi-analytical solution ; Boussinesq equations ; OceanWave3D ; mitigation ; roughness ; hub vortex cavitation ; 3D hydrodynamic analysis ; resonance ; floating polygonal structures ; wave energy harvesting ; cosine-type radial perturbation ; eigenfunction expansion method ; marine propulsion shafting ; longitudinal vibration ; friction damper ; thrust bearing ; test rig ; parameter identification ; nonlinear system ; rolling motion ; angle of roll ; waves ; dynamic conditions ; capsizing ; vessels ; operability ; contra-rotating propeller ; cupping CRP ; pure roll simulation ; small metacentric height ; surface ship ; bilge keel ; skeg ; catamaran ; roll-related derivatives ; unmanned surface vehicle ; deep reinforcement learning ; parameter tuning ; path-following control ; wave-making resistance ; shallow water ; form factor ; double-body ; wave interference ; URANS ; Karhunen–Loève transform ; hull form optimization ; dimensionality reduction reconstruction method ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The Covid-19 pandemic is having an undeniable impact on all the statements of society. Regarding teaching and learning activities, most educational institutions suspended in-person instruction and moved to remote learning during the lockdown of March and April 2020. Although nowadays many countries have progressively re-opened their educational systems, blended learning is a common practice aimed to reduce the spread of the Covid-19 disease. This disruption has supposed an unprecedented acceleration to the digitalization of teaching and learning. Teaching professionals have been forced to develop their digital competence in a short amount of time, getting mastery in the management of information, the creation of audiovisual contents, and the use of technology to keep their students connected. This Special Issue presents contributions regarding the adoption of distance learning strategies, experiences, or lessons learned in this domain.
    Keywords: collaborative learning ; cooperative competence ; virtual learning ; educational technology ; game-based learning ; relational coordination ; mobile games ; scaffolding strategy ; students’ utilization ; sustainability ; TAM and TUT ; COVID-19 ; convolution neural network ; COVID-19 epidemic ; class loyalty ; decision-making ; digital storytelling ; online participation ; group ; sociality ; digital competence ; soft skills ; university teachers ; TAM ; collaboration ; breakout groups ; translation ; L2 learners ; KSA ; teaching learning center (TLC) ; competence ; pandemic ; computer-mediated communication ; teacher–student relation ; E-learning ; social presence theory ; mobile learning ; distance learning ; Saudi Arabia ; e-learning ; administrators ; proper implementations ; well-structured questionnaires ; un-professionalism ; graded reading ; reading websites/applications ; technology ; EFL ; spring 2020 ; school closures ; Austria ; secondary school teachers ; will–skill–tool model ; digital media implementation ; post-pandemic ; learning media ; behavior intention ; mathematics education ; predictive validity ; general education ; learning algorithms ; online learning ; face-to-face learning ; cross-curricular integration ; music art ; visual art ; remote teaching ; ICT ; interdisciplinary assignments ; elementary education ; learning process ; music subjects ; visual art subjects ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This Topic, "Sustainability in Buildings: New trends in the management of construction and demolition waste", collected works related to the use of new sustainable building materials, new trends in the recycling of materials for their application in construction, and the application of new techniques and measurement processes that favour the development of sustainable construction. This printed work contains some of the most cutting-edge research carried out by leading international researchers in the field of building engineering. In this way, the work complements the existing literature on construction and demolition waste management from a multidisciplinary perspective, which encourages the exchange of ideas and points of view.
    Keywords: Construction and Building Materials ; Energy Efficiency ; Circular Economy ; Innovation Technologies in Building ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Buildings play an indispensable role in urban development. As typical structures of transportation buildings, bridges serve as crucial nodes in connecting different regions, promoting economic growth, and ensuring social security. However, with the extension of their service life, the performance of bridges will inevitably decline. Performance monitoring and evaluation are crucial during the life cycle of bridges. The accelerating convergence of civil engineering, materials science, and artificial intelligence has sparked the interest of researchers from different disciplines in the emerging field of bridge state perception. This reprint covers topics on condition monitoring and assessment of engineering structures, featuring 13 papers. These studies provide some novel methods, models, and technological applications for bridge condition perception, which are of great significance for the design, construction, and assessment of bridges.
    Keywords: shield tunnelling ; active underpinning ; bridge substructure ; 3D FEM modelling ; field verification ; cantilever anti-slide pile ; trapezoidal thrust load ; bearing characteristics ; optimized calculation method of internal force ; evolution law of internal force and deformation ; bridge engineering ; moving loads identification ; MobileNetV2 ; transfer learning ; plate end debonding ; intermediate crack debonding ; fiber-reinforced polymer ; machine learning ; dung beetle optimizer (DBO) ; large-span track bridge ; steel-concrete composite beam ; cable-stayed bridge ; alignment prediction ; response surface method ; Monte Carlo ; bridge temperature ; non-uniform temperature field ; longitudinal temperature distribution ; steel box girder ; long-span bridge ; steel tube concrete truss arch ; highway basket-handle arch bridge ; arch rib inclination angle ; finite element method ; lateral stability ; working stress ; rebar ; monitoring ; magnetoelastic effect ; magnetic resonance ; moving force identification ; vehicle–bridge interaction ; Newmark-β method ; Tikhonov regularisation ; stay cable ; corrosion factors ; neural networks ; spatial diffusion model ; rigid-frame arch bridge ; scale model test ; test design ; loading system ; weight calculation method ; CFST arch bridge ; super-long span ; friction-pendulum bearing ; stayed-buckle cable ; seismic-performance improvement ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: Polymer-processing techniques are of the utmost importance for producing polymeric parts. They must produce parts with the desired qualities, which are usually related to mechanical performance, dimensional conformity, and appearance. Aiming to maximize the overall efficiency of the polymer-processing techniques, advanced modeling codes along with experimental measurements are needed to simulate and optimize the processes. Thus, this reprint exploits the digital transformation of the plastics industry, both through the creation of more robust and accurate modeling tools and the development of cutting-edge experimental techniques. Furthermore, it addresses advanced topics, such as crystallization during the solidification processes, prediction of fiber orientation in the cases of short and long fiber composites, prediction of the foaming process (such as microcellular foaming), and flow instabilities by including viscoelastic constitutive equations.
    Keywords: polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell ; molecular dynamics simulations ; side chain ; penetration ; injection molding ; thermoplastic composites ; mold heating ; mold temperature control ; melt filling ; thin wall injection molding ; suspensions ; micro-polar fluids ; yield stress ; extrusion ; extrudate swell ; interface tracking ; least-squares volume-to-point interpolation ; consistent PISO ; finite volume method ; OpenFOAM ; poly(ether ether ketone) ; thermo–mechanical response ; constitutive modeling ; polymer processing ; elongational flow ; vane extruder ; eccentric rotor extruder ; numerical simulation ; warpage ; prediction ; crystallinity ; multi-layer structure ; simulation ; annocatacin B ; ND1 subunit ; mitochondrial respiratory complex I ; MRC-I ; MD ; Hirshfeld charges ; MM/PBSA ; poly(lactic acid) ; urea ; melt blending ; slow-release fertilizer ; leakage flow ; modeling and simulation ; sheet die design ; manufacturing process design ; coat-hanger die ; modeling ; rheology ; constant shear-rate die ; non-Newtonian fluids ; poly (3-hydroxybutyric-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid) (PHBV) ; flax ; hemp ; short fibers ; properties ; lithium-ion ; high energy pouch cell ; state of charge ; electrolyte ; load position ; motor core ; iron sheet ; computer-aided engineering tools ; gluing ; machine learning ; multilayer perceptron ; neural network ; regression ; plasticizing ; polymers ; basic settings ; data-based ; model ; quality ; conformal cooling ; sustainability ; industrial design ; manufacturing ; degree of assembly ; a family mold system ; CAE-DOE optimization ; green channels ; temperature maps ; finite difference methods ; meshless interpolation ; numerical solution ; polymer flows ; viscoelastic flows ; plastic optical barrel ; roundness ; concentricity ; Taguchi method ; RGD peptide (1FUV) ; ab initio molecular dynamics ; total bond order ; partial charge ; dielectric function ; suspension ; rodlike particles ; micropolar fluids ; anisotropy ; hysteresis ; fiber reinforced polymer composites ; lead nanoparticles ; shielding ; attenuation coefficient ; empirical derivation ; PEG-PCL ; non-isothermal crystallization ; flash differential scanning calorimeter ; polymer blends ; microstructure ; multiscale simulation ; hybrid injection molding ; continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastics ; finite element analysis (fem) ; FDM ; Taguchi ; multilateral ; CAE ; transfer learning ; LDPE ; triangular-loop shear ; trapezoidal-loop shear ; time-dependent viscoelastic property ; Rivlin–Sawyers equation ; fillers ; rubber compounds ; viscoelasticity ; thixotropy ; structure ; tailings flocculation ; seawater ; calcium and magnesium removal ; lime ; sodium carbonate ; FEM ; pipe die ; polymer melt ; Herschel–Bulkley fluids ; free-surfaces ; conformal cooling channel ; rapid tooling technology ; mold material ; cooling medium ; polymer solution ; Giesekus ; eXtended Pom-Pom ; visualization ; analytical solution ; deep learning ; stacked learning ; Oldroyd-B fluid ; Giesekus fluid ; sphere drag coefficient ; plastic pallet ; flatness ; sequential valve gate system ; molding flow analysis ; particle settling ; dilute polymeric solutions ; Oldroyd-B model ; microfluidic rheometry ; drag coefficient ; hydraulic fracturing ; polyethylene recycling ; artificial engineering ; polymer extrusion ; mold additive manufacturing ; polymer molds ; subtractive manufacturing ; mold characterization ; rapid tooling ; thermal homogenisation ; pre-distribution ; heat pipe ; blown film extrusion ; CFD ; n/a ; pyrolysis ; mixed polymers ; thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) ; artificial neural networks (ANN) ; polypropylene ; glass fiber ; fiber reinforced ; fiber shortening ; compound ; SIGMA ; dynamic image analysis ; Monte Carlo ; nanoporous matter ; proton ; transport behavior ; GEANT4 code ; boundary layer ; Herschel–Bulkley fluid ; Carbopol ; cement ; bacterial cellulose ; plasma treatment ; magnetron sputtering ; silver nanoparticles ; antimicrobial activity ; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ; fully implicit coupled solver ; viscoelastic flow ; log-conformation tensor approach ; non-isothermal effects ; Phan-Thien-Tanner constitutive equation ; semi-analytical method ; solvent viscosity contribution ; pipe flow ; channel flow ; Au nanoparticles ; plasmonics ; polymer matrix ; nanocomposite ; thermal annealing ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: As climate change and environmental degradation worsen, renewable energy alternatives are more needed than ever. Addressing this worldwide issue brings difficulties and opportunities. Renewable technology has a major impact on the environment and climate change, presenting promise for lowering carbon emissions and global warming. Governments and organizations worldwide are creating renewable energy policies to expedite the transition to sustainable energy. This involves promoting a hydrogen economy, carbon accounting, and regional renewable installation laws. Solar, wind, biomass, and geothermal technologies are used to generate clean energy. EVs are helping renewable power systems peak-shave, load-follow, and build swappable storage stations. Advanced power electronic converters optimize renewable energy grid integration. Energy storage technologies including electrochemical, thermoelectric, and electromagnetic devices are improving renewable power system stability and resilience. Smart grids, microgrids, and machine learning are transforming renewable grids into more flexible, dependable, and self-healing ones. Renewable energy optimization, control, and forecasting are crucial for efficient energy generation and delivery. Renewable and distributed system planning, output power smoothing, and energy storage efficiency are crucial for the adoption of renewables. Load forecasting, demand response, and machine learning are changing renewable storage systems to improve power quality, grid stability, and renewable flexibility.
    Keywords: demand response ; demand-side management ; energy consumption optimization ; energy efficiency ; load scheduling ; smart grid ; smart home ; virtual inertia control ; renewable energy resources ; solar and wind energy ; superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) ; fractional-order proportional integral (FOPI) ; frequency response ; photovoltaic ; autonomous control ; electric vehicles ; adaptive control ; maximum power point tracking ; nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control ; permanent magnet synchronous generator ; wind-energy-conversion system ; water footprint ; agricultural product ; energy footprint ; carbon dioxide emission ; water-energy-food nexus ; grid fault restoration ; renewable microgrid ; power system stabilizer ; voltage stability ; BELBIC ; wind energy ; energy storage system ; hybrid microgrid ; nonlinear control ; power management ; solar PV generation ; wind power generation ; renewable energy sources ; power fluctuation ; energy storage systems ; selection criteria ; unit commitment ; battery energy storage systems ; wind-farm uncertainty ; distributionally robust optimization ; solar pv uncertainty ; distributed generators ; droop control ; frequency regulation ; inertia constant ; state of charge ; PSCAD/EMTDC ; fuel cell ; maximum power point ; fractional order PID ; biohydrogen ; gasification ; feedstocks ; biohydrogen production ; dark fermentation ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: Cities are widely recognized as environments which can present risks to humans. Risks to health and well-being are measured in three groups of indices: physiological, emotional, and cognitive. The environmental factors discussed in studies include physical factors such as noise, heat load, and air pollution, and social factors include feelings of discomfort, crime, transportation, and access to health services. Some studies even argue that stress and health risks are intrinsic to urban environments and that restoration is intrinsic to green environments. This Topic aims to discuss what spaces can be greened and the effect this has on urban environments. It also discusses the effect of the size and layout of parks, vegetation on the walls and roofs of houses, and the effects of different types of vegetation, building materials, and energy-efficient design. Today’s environment demands new design processes, construction techniques, occupancy practices, and management strategies to increase the resilience of the built environment to extreme, uncontrollable, and unpredictable events while providing healthy and sustainable environments for people. This Topic reflects on what the new concept of sustainability for the built environment should be and how to guide new research directions.
    Keywords: environmentally friendly processing ; wastewater ; thermal comfort ; air quality monitoring ; indoor environment quality ; building innovation systems ; health outcomes ; smart home for health ; efficient interior lighting systems ; acoustics ; environmental buildings ; passive building strategies ; air pollution ; energy efficiency ; sustainable materials ; green architecture ; healthy architecture ; sustainable construction ; smart construction ; high-performance building ; sustainable processes ; energy policy ; green energy ; energy environmental impact ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the most recent advancements in the field of materials science, showcasing novel techniques that can be used in a variety of applications, including medical and civil engineering. This collection of research articles was edited by Assoc. Prof. Andrei Victor Sandu from the Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of laşi, Romania.
    Keywords: facial reconstruction ; nasal morphology ; nose width ; aperture width ; hydroxyapatite ; dentifrices ; dentin ; tubule closure ; dentin hypersensitivity ; lathe headstock ; rotational unbalance ; vibration ; beating ; signal processing ; aluminum alloy ; end-milling process ; Taguchi design ; central composite design ; design of experiments ; TA3 ; ion implantation ; corrosion resistance ; tribocorrosion resistance ; Ringer’s solution ; pipeline corrosion ; flow loop ; linear polarization resistance ; predictive equation ; OM ; SEM-EDX ; socketed axes ; bronze ; corrosion ; pillared graphene ; boron ; specific quantum capacitance ; middle bronze age ; eastern Romania ; pottery ; macroscopic analysis ; µFTIR ; biomaterials ; subcutaneous implantation ; biocompatibility ; prosthetic restoration ; oral rehabilitation homeostasis ; effective gearing power ; drilling rig pump ; service life ; strength calculation ; contact wear ; transmission shaft ; mathematical model ; nomographic chart of basic cycles ; 3D printer ; circular trajectories ; signals processing ; errors evaluation ; PLA ; PLGA ; erythromycin ; polymer nano-particles ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Metal 3D printing, as an advanced forming, can manufacture parts directly from digital model by using layer by layer material build-up approach. This manufacturing method can prepare complex shape metal parts in short time, with and high precision. Three-dimensional printing processes can be classified into two major groups: Powder Bed Fusion-based technologies and Directed Energy Deposition. Three-dimensional printing features freedom of part complexity, part design, and light-weighting for aerospace, automobile, and other industries application. The Global Metal 3D Printing Market is mainly driven by the the fast developing of aerospace and automobile industry. The Global Metal 3D Printing Market size was valued at USD 534.18 Million in 2020 and is projected to reach USD 4458.76 Million by 2028, growing at a CAGR of 30.38% from 2021 to 2028.
    Keywords: 17-4PH ; SLM ; solution temperature ; microstructure and properties ; selective laser melting ; CuCrZr alloy ; process parameters ; relative density ; tensile properties ; Ni-based superalloys ; electron beam melting ; additive manufacturing ; Argon gas atomized ; plasma rotation electrode process ; powder characteristics ; residual stresses ; selective laser melting (SLM) ; finite element modeling (FEM) ; triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) ; copper corrosion ; liquefied petroleum gas ; H2S corrosion ; SEM ; XPS ; CLF-1 steel ; microstructure ; mechanical properties ; in-situ alloying ; composition inhomogeneity ; computer simulation ; processing map ; laser powder bed fusion ; graphene ; high temperature ; mechanical property ; alumina ; cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy ; electroless plating ; friction performance ; implants ; Laser Powder Bed Fusion ; defects ; process parameter ; powder bed fusion ; surface roughness ; porosity ; residual stress ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Research and development related to smart, connected, and portable biosensors and bioelectronics have been game changing in the fields of diagnostics and health management. Unlike conventional biosensors, these devices allow rapid, accurate, and on-site detection of biomarkers, which helps to prevent disease spread by the source control. This reprint contains experimental/computational studies and systematic reviews that report advances towards addressing current challenges and the future scope of the field of portable biosensors and bioelectronics.
    Keywords: portable biosensor ; biomarkers in body fluids ; portability ; point-of-care ; biosensor ; ZnO NWs ; piezoelectric effect ; self-powered ; real-time monitoring ; waveguide ; surface plasmon resonance ; graphene ; silicon carbide ; refractive index ; chemical sensor ; autopsy record ; three-dimensional model ; LiDAR sensor ; wearable ; flexible compound sensor ; wrist pulse signal ; the varying trend of pulse wave peak ; best pulse wave positioning ; single-walled carbon nanotubes ; immunoresistive sensor ; resistance ratio ; COVID-19 ; point-of-care diagnosis ; automatic sleep stage classification ; convolutional neural network ; nanomembrane electrode ; multi-taper spectrogram ; photoplethysmography ; remote monitoring ; computational modeling and simulation ; medical device design ; triboelectric nanogenerator ; self-powered device ; adaptivity ; clinical treatment ; self-diagnosis ; wearable paper sensor ; molecular imprinting ; conductive polymer ; lentivirus ; virus sensor ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: The direction of fiber orientation plays a crucial role in deciding the mechanical performance of textile structural composites. Unlike conventional composite materials, geometrically oriented textile structures, e.g., woven, knitted, and braided constructions, can be designed and developed for load bearing in a particular direction. Their properties can be enhanced by modifying the geometry and material composition. One major challenge in producing textile structural composites with superior mechanical properties at a reasonably lower price is cost effective prepreg. Composites constructed from reinforcement having a well-defined geometry perform better than randomly oriented fibers at a reasonable cost. Their flex fatigue is superior to conventional preforms in specific applications. This Special Issue invites research as well as review articles dealing with different types of (2D, 3D, multiaxial) woven, knitted, and braided structures for load bearing structural composite applications. Use of industrial multifilament yarns of pure and hybrid composition in textile geometrical reinforcement structures can also be included. The methods of impregnation of such structures by thermoplastic and thermoset resins should be described. The superior performance in such structural composites must be highlighted. Methods of characterizing woven, knitted, and braided textile reinforced composites is the focus of this issue. Current and future applications of advanced textile structural composites can be summarized in the submitted articles. Theoretical (computational, numerical simulation etc.) as well as experimental work can be submitted with sufficient scientific innovation.
    Keywords: hybrid composite ; polyester waste fiber ; olive root fiber ; coir pith filler ; building materials ; mixture design analysis ; recycled cotton ; glass ; hollow knitted composite ; compression ; flexural modulus ; impact energy ; quasi-static test ; cyclic fatigue ; wavy-lap bond ; natural cotton fabric ; polymer composite ; mechanical properties ; service life ; safety ; SEM ; pressure-actuated cellular structure ; shape morphing ; compliant mechanism ; anisotropic flexure hinges ; textile-reinforced polymer composite ; integrally woven structure ; resin ; glass cloth ; substrate ; glass transition temperature ; surface finish ; pad cratering ; thermal resistance ; textile structural composite ; 3D weaving ; hollow structure ; spacer fabric ; woven honeycomb ; sandwich ; waste cotton ; impact ; flexural rigidity ; hybrid woven reinforcement ; preforming ; carbon-Kevlar ; epoxy resin ; add-on (%) ; amount of hardener (%) ; curing temperature ; curing time ; molding pressure ; fiber composites ; FRP ; architecture ; architectured materials ; hysteresis ; auxetic ; non-Newtonian fluids ; low-velocity impact ; personal protection ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This Special Issue of the journal Applied Sciences presents recent advances and developments in the use of digital 3D technologies to protect and preserve cultural heritage. While most of the articles focus on aspects of 3D scanning, modeling, and presenting in VR of cultural heritage objects from buildings to small artifacts and clothing, part of the issue is devoted to 3D sound utilization in the cultural heritage field.
    Keywords: &nbsp ; IT in cultural heritage ; 3D scanning and visualization ; modern exhibition techniques &nbsp ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint compiles several studies on radiation interactions with biomolecules. The fragmentation induced by slow electron and electron scattering processes are described, and the induced processes by UV radiation are characterised. The present Special Issue offers complementary studies on radiation induced by photons and electrons in biological (and related) target molecules. The present collection provides important insights on radiation physics and chemistry and the advances in knowledge in these areas.
    Keywords: methane ; cross-section ; elastic scattering ; electrons ; CRISPR/Cas9 ; DNA cleavage ; ECD ; spectroscopy ; guide RNA ; RNP complex ; SpCas9 ; radiosensitizer ; low-energy electron ; dissociative electron attachment ; roaming ; tirapazamine ; predissociation ; electron scattering cross sections ; benzene ionization ; VUV photoabsorption ; halopyrimidines ; valence and Rydberg states ; time-dependent density functional theory ; radiosensitizers ; taurine ; elastic constant ; Brillouin scattering ; acoustic mode ; negative ions ; oxaloacetic acid ; citric acid ; mass spectrometry ; anticancer drugs ; cisplatin ; platinum (II) halo-carbonyl complexes ; low-energy electrons ; dissociative ionization ; focused electron beam induced deposition ; sevoflurane ; pheomelanin ; nitrotyrosine ; dityrosine ; photooxidation ; photosensitizer ; IR radiation ; horseradish peroxidase ; catalase ; alkaline phosphatase ; antioxidant ; vapor ; coherent domain ; anion–molecule collisions ; electron detachment cross sections ; positive ion-induced fragmentation ; molecular dynamics ; radiotherapy ; X-ray ; modified nucleosides ; DNA damage ; hypoxia ; chemoradiation ; low-energy electron interaction ; perfluorination ; HF formation ; pentafluorothiophenol ; 2-fluorothiophenol ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The aim of this second Eng Special Issue is to collect experimental and theoretical re-search relating to engineering science and technology. The general topics of Eng are as follows: electrical, electronic and information engineering; chemical and materials engineering; energy engineering; mechanical and automotive engineering; industrial and manufacturing engineering; civil and structural engineering; aerospace engineering; biomedical engineering; geotechnical engineering and engineering geology; and ocean and environmental engineering. Therefore, the following editorial is a selection of representative works of these topics.
    Keywords: &nbsp ; Environment Management ; Environmental Engineering ; Chemical Engineering ; Materials Engineering&nbsp ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: The concept of the ‘Zero Energy Mass Custom Home’ or ZEMCH is emerging with the aim of exploring opportunities to make our built environment more socially, economically, environmentally, and humanly sustainable. The built environment is indeed a system of energy and environment that is occupied by the masses, embracing diverse cultural and economic backgrounds. Today, the United Nations articulates the 17 Sustainable Development Goals that reflect necessary global actions for humanity and the planet. In view of these agendas, the delivery of built environments is becoming more demanding and complex than ever, and it is now required that developers accommodate the social, economic, environmental, and human dimensions of these sustainability challenges. This volume encompasses a wide spectrum of ZEMCH research and development knowledge that concerns design engineering, construction management, material innovation, renewable energy technology, and community planning.
    Keywords: sustainable ; architecture ; Zero Energy Mass Custom Homes (ZEMCH) ; energy ; efficiency ; forecasting ; ethics ; climate change ; log burning ; natural ventilation ; solar chimney ; Trombe wall ; renewable energy ; passive ventilation ; building application ; energy management ; green building performance ; office building ; SEM-PLS ; domestic environment ; occupant experience ; environmental design ; health and wellbeing ; housing production ; low-cost ; design quality ; social housing ; government programs ; post-occupancy ; healthy environments ; mass customization ; age-friendly ; active ageing ; ageing in place ; walkability ; bikeability ; accessibility ; BREEAM ; CASBEE ; Green Star ; LEED ; multi-criteria assessment ; sustainable building ; degrowth ; post-growth ; built environment ; sustainability transformations ; wood ; additional floor construction ; sustainability ; Finland ; (summer) cottage ; second home ; (summer) villa ; holiday home ; urban regeneration ; phytoremediation ; Bagnoli former area ; thermal bridge ; sustainable architecture ; finite element modeling ; energy performance ; heat transfer ; heat equation ; simulation ; computational design ; thermal modeling ; computational methods ; bio-based material ; construction ; environment ; circular economy ; life cycle ; behavioural factors ; developing and developed countries ; domestic sector ; electricity use per capita ; energy subsidy ; Iran ; Passivhaus ; ZEMCH ; affordable housing ; synergies ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Robotics and intelligent systems are key technologies to promote efficient and innovative applications in the most diverse domains (industry, healthcare, agriculture, construction, mobility, etc.), performing and supporting activities that are not suitable to be performed by humans. Such activities are frequently time-consuming, repetitive tasks with low added value, which are physically demanding and/or dangerous. Nevertheless, robotics and intelligent systems face several scientific and technological challenges related to their integration and interoperability with other systems, safety, flexibility, re-configurability and autonomy. These challenges are especially relevant when robots operate in real unstructured environments and share a workspace with humans and other equipment. This reprint collects research achievements, ideas, and applications regarding advanced intelligent robotic systems, covering diverse technologies and application domains. Generically, the contributions cover optimal path-planning strategies and innovative designs for mobile manipulators, the integration of robotic and intelligent systems, grasping, manipulation, teleoperation, haptics, user experience approaches for collaborative robots, and multi-agent systems.
    Keywords: robot ; manipulator ; robotized workplace ; robotic cell ; optimization ; wear ; motion planning ; trajectory tracking ; mobile manipulator ; joint constraints ; self-collision avoidance ; manipulability ; service robot ; assistant robot ; collaborative robot ; healthcare ; elderly care ; intelligent systems ; COVID-19 ; multi-agent systems ; bigraphs ; design ; verification ; modeling ; non-functional requirements ; robot path planning ; RRT ; midpoint interpolation ; triangular rewiring ; path smoothness ; non-prehensile manipulation ; manipulation planning ; pivoting ; robotics ; mobile manipulation ; large-scale inspection ; wind turbine production ; autonomous navigation ; surface-orthogonal path planning ; intelligent robot ; flexible production ; manipulation ; intelligent control ; User eXperience ; human–robot interaction ; human–robot collaboration ; human-centered design ; augmented reality ; human factors ; omnivehicle ; omnitracks ; Mecanum rollers ; FDM ; simultaneous localization and mapping ; dual lidar inertial odometry ; IMU ; time synchronization ; tight coupling ; impact hammers ; industrial robotics ; haptic teleoperation ; underground mining ; genetic algorithm ; principal component analyses ; standard triangle language ; traveling salesman problem ; trajectory planning ; haptic recognition ; convolutional neural network ; channel attention ; spatial interactive second-order feature ; multiorder feature ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: Aircraft electrification is one of the most important and strategic initiatives currently supporting the innovation of the aviation industry. This manifests in the well-known more-electric aircraft concept (with the ultimate aim of achieving the all-electric long-term target), which aims to gradually replace onboard systems based on mechanical, hydraulic, or pneumatic power sources with electrically powered ones to reduce the weight and costs, optimize energy, and increase the eco-compatibility and reliability of future aircrafts.A key technological enabler for pursuing these challenging objectives is electro-mechanical actuation. The applicability of electro-mechanical actuators (EMAs) in aerospace has been proved in terms of dynamic performances, but it still entails several concerns in terms of reliability/safety and operation in a harsh environment. In civil aircrafts, EMAs are often avoided for safety-critical functions (flight controls, brakes, landing gears, and nose wheel steering), essentially because the statistical database on the components' fault modes is poor.This Special Issue is thus focused on advancements and innovations in the design, modelling/simulation, architectural definition, reliability/safety analysis, control, condition-monitoring, and experimental testing of EMAs developed for safety-critical aerospace applications. The research papers included in this Special Issue will undoubtedly contribute to progress towards the objective of more electric flights.
    Keywords: more electric vehicles ; dissimilar redundant actuation system ; NSGA-II algorithm ; optimization design ; electrically actuated nose wheel steering ; all-electric aircraft ; electromagnetic damper ; electromagnetic simulation ; landing gear shimmy reduction ; shape control ; macro-fiber composites ; bending ; twisting ; experimental validation ; control system ; actuator ; aerospace ; electromechanical ; flight control ; friction ; modelling ; position control ; preliminary design ; simulation ; validation ; fixed-wing UAV ; full-electric propulsion system ; axial-flux PMSMS ; fault-tolerant control ; phase-to-ground short circuit ; failure transient analysis ; prognostics ; electromechanical actuators ; neural network ; temperature ; all-electric propulsion ; electric machines ; fault diagnosis ; inter-turn short circuit ; specification ; flight analysis ; dimensional analysis ; vibration ; multidisciplinary optimization ; health monitoring ; electro-mechanical actuators ; testing ; reliability ; fault-tolerant systems ; aircraft anti-skid braking system ; actuator faults ; reconfiguration control ; linear active-disturbance rejection control ; deep reinforcement learning ; twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm ; active cylindrical coupler ; correction coefficient ; finite element method ; hybrid UAV ; magnetic coupler ; magnetic coupling ; noncontact torque transmission ; mean magnetic field ; wire diameter ; coil ; sinusoidal response ; square-wave response ; incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion (INDI) ; actuator compensation ; model reduction ; pseudo-control hedging (PCH) ; helicopter attitude control ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This book focuses on experimental and applied research on sustainable recycling techniques for pavement materials. The recycling of waste materials in pavement infrastructures could be successfully facilitated based on such techniques. Sustainability in civil engineering has attracted more attention in recent decades, the lack of natural resources, serious environmental pollution, and high carbon dioxide emissions are the main issues regarding traditional infrastructure materials. This book provides the most recent innovations and applications of recycling wastes as high-performance pavement materials, aiming to provide methods for producing green low-carbon and durable pavement structures. In particular, several treatment methods and 3D construction techniques are proposed for the efficient recycling of waste materials.
    Keywords: lignin ; waste engine oil ; modified asphalt ; high-temperature performance ; low-temperature performance ; recycled waste plastic ; asphalt binder and mixture ; composite modification ; performance ; compatibility ; asphalt mortar ; asphalt mixture ; fly ash ; high temperature performance ; low temperature property ; moisture susceptibility ; coarse aggregate ; 3D printing ; natural aggregate ; cement-based aggregate ; sustainable construction ; building demolition waste ; unbound granular materials ; shear strength ; resilient modulus ; gradation ; prediction model ; porous asphalt pavement ; high-viscosity modified asphalt ; functional group index ; aging kinetics ; 3D concrete printing ; curing conditions ; mechanical capacity ; solid waste ; anisotropy ; sustainability ; dredged sediment ; cement-stabilized ; NMR ; permeability ; strength ; pore structure ; water transformation ; cement stabilized soil ; fiber-reinforced soil ; mechanical strength ; waste utilization ; Back Propagation Neural Network ; Random Forest ; beetle antennae search ; diversion tunnel ; corrosion ; cement-based materials ; carbonation ; experimental study ; steel slag ; oxalic acid ; expansion ; water erosion ; road performance ; influence mechanism ; road engineering ; stability ; molecular dynamic ; bio-oil asphalt/water emulsion ; particle size ; infrared spectrum analysis ; asphalt pavement ; seashell powder ; high- and low-temperature performance ; water stability ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue reprint is dedicated to presenting open and challenging issues in earthquake engineering. It consists of 29 peer-reviewed papers that cover a broad range of subjects and applications related to the seismic assessment and design of structures. Based on advanced computational, analytical, numerical, and experimental approaches novel results and discussions are presented. Within this context, the first studies of this issue/reprint are focused on providing an insight into the seismic performance of structures taking into account significant engineering components that still have not been fully addressed. Subsequently, there are studies with new strategies to improve the effectiveness of the dampers on the seismic mitigation performance of structures. Concerning performance-based earthquake engineering, new approaches in the seismic fragility assessment of structures are introduced. Furthermore, new innovative types of reinforced steel for the seismic design and assessment of RC structures are analytically and experimentally evaluated. The seismic performance of retrofitted structures is also addressed, while analytical modeling tools that can effectively capture the seismic behavior of substandard RC structural elements are introduced. Some other papers provide experimental results to evaluate and/or validate the structural performance of elements, such as anchors, connectors, and nuclear components. Finally, this issue/reprint also incorporates modified methodologies and identification techniques to improve seismic analysis methods in the field of structural engineering.
    Keywords: non-linear dynamic analysis ; seismic response ; vertical component ; acceptance criteria ; steel buildings ; Impulsive Semi-Active Mass Damper ; frequency ratio ; mass ratio ; structural displacement ; maximum roof displacement ; plastic hinge region ; smooth reinforcement ; M/φ characteristics ; atypical cross-section ; post-installed anchor ; structural performance evaluation ; dynamic load protocol ; shear ; pull-out ; cracked concrete ; seismic ; bridge ; near-fault vertical earthquake ; multiple separations ; seismic excitation period ; vertical excitation amplitude ; bending damage ; axial compression failure ; seismic isolation ; laminated rubber bearing ; lead rubber bearing ; shaking table test ; nuclear facility component ; beyond design basis earthquake ; LRB design ; seismic performance ; seismic isolation frequency ; dual-phase reinforcing steel ; earthquake-resistant design ; Tempcore reinforcing steel ; reinforced concrete frames ; seismic analysis ; pushover analysis ; setbacks ; earthquake ; damage index ; seismic evaluation performance ; damage distribution ; dam pier ; reinforced concrete (RC) ; reinforced polymer cement mortar (RPCM) ; SRS method ; seismic response analysis ; FEM ; reinforcement effect ; upgrading old RC structures ; shear retrofit ; T-beams ; CFRP strips ; anchoring devices ; nonlinear response time history analysis ; reinforced concrete shear wall structure ; modal-based ground motion selection ; frequency contents combination in the time domain ; dominated mode ; RC structure ; structural pounding ; probabilistic seismic assessment ; fragility curves ; global and local EDPs ; linear and bilinear PSDMs ; PSDM’s assumptions ; nonlinear dynamic analyses ; Eurocode 8 ; concrete ; anchor bolt ; pull-out strength ; SPH method ; masonry infill panels ; torsional behavior ; incremental dynamic analysis ; collapse fragility curve ; damage measure ; steel structure ; buckling-restrained brace ; cumulative damage ; multi-hazard ; wind ; inelastic seismic analysis ; nuclear metal component ; design-basis earthquake ; beyond-design-basis earthquake ; plastic strain ; strain gauge ; Chaboche kinematic hardening model ; Voce isotropic hardening model ; strain gauge rosettes ; principal strain ; RC isolated continuous girder bridge ; the copula function ; seismic fragility analysis ; near-fault ground motions ; passive energy dissipation systems ; tuned mass damper ; viscous damper ; friction damper ; optimization ; dynamic response ; seismic site classification ; seismic design codes ; earthquake resistance design ; design criteria ; soil response ; steel structures ; autoclaved lightweight aerated concrete (ALC) panel ; seismic behavior ; finite element analysis ; parametric study ; traffic engineering ; seismic calculation ; loess area ; DBM ; DESANM ; structural irregularity ; incidence angle ; nonlinear time-history analysis ; maximum displacement ; maximum interstory drift ; reinforced concrete ; substandard buildings ; brittle failure ; earthquake loads ; rapid seismic assessment ; IDA ; the cloud method ; IMPA ; MPA ; nonlinear static analysis ; nonlinear dynamic analysis ; fragility curve ; magnetorheological damper ; story drift ratio ; shear force ; bending moment ; torsional vibration ; SPEAR ; RC beam-column joint ; pushover ; beam-column joints ; carbon fiber-reinforced polymer longitudinal bars ; tests ; bond ; cyclic loading ; response controlled systems ; dampers’ combination ; dynamic characteristics ; frequency domain ; nonparametric method ; parametric method ; subspace identification ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint is concerned with the microstructural characterization and the defect analysis of metallic additively manufactured (AM) materials and parts. Special attention is paid to the determination of residual stress in such parts and to online monitoring techniques devised to predict the appearance of defects. Finally, several non-destructive testing techniques are employed to assess the quality of AM materials and parts.
    Keywords: residual stress ; synchrotron X-ray diffraction ; additive manufacturing ; Ti-6Al-4V ; laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) ; selective laser melting (SLM) ; additive manufacturing (AM) ; process monitoring ; infrared thermography ; optical tomography ; computed tomography (CT) ; data fusion ; lack-of-fusion ; direct metal laser sintering ; Ti6Al4V (ELI) ; dynamic properties ; Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ; flow stress ; fracture strain ; WAAM ; neutron diffraction ; hybrid manufacturing ; Laser Powder Bed Fusion ; LPBF ; AISI 316L ; online process monitoring ; thermography ; X-ray diffraction ; computed tomography ; laser melting deposition ; 3D printing ; X-ray computed tomography ; porosity ; non-destructive analysis ; laser beam melting (LBM) ; emissivity ; calibration ; thermocouples ; 316L ; IN718 ; feedstock powder ; radiography ; digital detector array ; numerical simulation ; detectability ; X-ray computed tomography (XCT) ; healing ; in situ monitoring ; laser powder bed fusion ; selective laser melting ; laser beam melting ; in-situ process monitoring ; heat accumulation ; inter layer time ; cellular substructure ; powder bed fusion (PBF) ; eddy current testing (ECT) ; part quality ; in situ relative part density measurement ; quality management ; laser-based additive manufacturing ; residual stress analysis ; X-ray and neutron diffraction ; diffraction-elastic constants ; strain-free lattice spacing ; subsurface defects ; laser ultrasound ; stainless steel ; X-ray micro computed tomography (XCT) ; defect detection ; image registration ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Constant striving to reduce pollutant emissions, greenhouse gases and energy consumption, i.e., sustainable development, forces the development of new and improved materials, technologies and manufacturing processes. One of the areas of sustainable development of the global economy is also the development of laser devices and the spreading of laser technology applications.The book deals with important issues related to the development of science and technology in the field of application the laser beam for joining, surface treatment, coatings. However, the thematic scope is not limited only to mentioned issues. The scope of the book covers issues related to advances in computational modelling of heat sources in laser and arc processes, unique techniques of underwater welding or unique techniques of forced cooling the weld metal under solidification during arc welding or hybrid process of laser deposition under cryogenic conditions, microstructural and mechanical characterisation of coatings and joints produced by different welding technologies. The above book contains valuable information, both theoretical and practical research results in the field of advanced technologies of joining, surface treatment and coatings, quality control and assessment, as well as management of the technological processes. Therefore, I deeply believe that the book will be a valuable and helpful for young scientists, engineers, and students in the field of welding and surface engineering, materials science, and manufacturing engineering.
    Keywords: titanium nitrides ; reflectivity ; absorption ; high power diode laser ; underwater welding ; covered electrodes ; wet welding ; cold cracking ; pad welding ; flame powder spray process ; coating ; aluminum ; carbon nanotubes ; carburite ; abrasive wear resistance ; erosion wear resistance ; laser welding ; numerical simulation ; X100 pipeline steel ; welding thermal cycle ; microstructure ; aluminium alloy ; laser surface alloying ; wear resistance ; boron carbide ; FEM ; numerical analyses ; simulations ; computational techniques ; SYSWELD ; displacements ; stresses ; laser beam ; weldability ; thermo-mechanically controlled processed ; S700MC TMCP steel ; MAG ; steel sheets ; lap joints ; mechanical properties ; microstructure analysis ; nickel-based superalloy ; heat resistant steel ; surfacing ; PPTA ; HPDDL ; Fe-based coating ; laser cladding ; transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ; finite element method (FEM) ; welding ; laser ; heat source model ; keyhole welding ; thermal analysis ; austenitic stainless steel ; lean duplex stainless steel ; dissimilar welded joints ; reinforcing ; laser treatment ; strengthening ; bending ; low-carbon steel ; thin steel plate ; Ti13Nb13Zr alloy ; laser treatment nanoindentation ; electrophoretic deposition ; potentiodynamic polarization ; martensitic stainless steel ; dissimilar welded joint ; sulfide inclusions ; iron-based alloy ; hardfacing ; cladding ; tubular hardfacing electrode ; FCAW-GS ; FCAW-SS ; MMAW ; wear-resistant steel ; wear plate ; abrasion ; tribology ; weld surfacing ; welding sequence ; weld geometry ; structure analysis ; phase shares ; hardness distribution ; laser boriding ; engine oil ; wear ; friction ; surface layer ; smart city ; transport ; vehicles ; mechanical engineering ; Docol steel ; micro-jet welding ; mechanical tests ; mini-specimen ; fracture ; fatigue ; high-strength steel ; components ; joining ; micro-jet ; mechanical resistance ; parameters ; fatigue limit ; laser micro-welding ; cryosurgical probe ; butt weld ; thin tube welding ; laser deposition ; hybrid process ; cryogenic conditions ; composite coatings ; WC-Ni coatings ; fiber laser ; laser processing ; properties of surface layers ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 144
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: According to the latest NACE estimation (2013), the global cost of corrosion is equivalent to approximately 3.4% of the global GDP (2.5 trillion US dollars), not considering environmental consequences or safety issues. A reduction between 15% and 35% could be realized if prevention techniques and proper precaution are used, which means savings between 375 and 875 billion US dollars. Corrosion involves different sectors such as industry, military, civilian, services, etc., in particular energy production, transport, chemical and petrochemical industries, the mechanical industry, and drink and beverage. Among these sectors, most of the constituents are made out of steel, which is the most produced metal in the world (1808 million tons in 2018), or light alloys, mainly aluminum (60.1 million tons of consumption in 2018).A proper alloy design in terms of composition, heat treatments, microstructural features, etc. is mandatory in order to obtain the best combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance during operation, reducing maintenance costs and the overall impact on the global economy. In fact, microstructural features can affect both the corrosion of the material itself and the eventual production of protective layers on its surfaces.The purpose of this Special Issue was to correlate the key role of the microstructure of steels and light alloys to their corrosion properties.
    Keywords: chloride concentration ; crevice corrosion ; relative humidity ; stainless steel ; stress corrosion cracking ; high-silicon steel ; austempering ; retained austenite ; corrosion resistance ; ultra-low carbon bainite steel ; niobium microalloying ; mechanical property ; corrosion behavior ; API-X100 pipeline ; bitumen ; corrosion ; inclusion ; dust ; Ni-based superalloys ; micro laser powder bed fusion ; heat treatment ; mechanical properties ; Galvalume ; Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation ; antifouling ; anti-corrosion coatings ; additive manufacturing (AM) ; titanium alloys ; aluminum alloys ; duplex stainless steels ; defects ; steel microstructure ; post-fire properties ; fracture surface ; brittle cracking ; impact test ; shear fracture appearance ; toughness ; laser welding ; aluminum alloy ; zirconium ; fusion zone ; micro–galvanic ; interdendritic segregation ; passive film ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 145
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint focuses on electroencephalography (EEG) signal processing in biomedical engineering applications. EEG signals are used widely in clinical and research settings to provide cognitive and emotional state information. In addition to capturing complex neural patterns at high speeds, EEG signals are a reliable and non-invasive way of measuring the electrical activity in the brain. By examining various novel analysis and signal processing methods, this collection of papers provides a better understanding of cognitive states and brain activity.
    Keywords: EEG ; transfer learning ; review ; decoding ; classification ; e-textile ; head phantom ; electroencephalography ; conductive material ; mental stress ; data analysis ; connectivity network ; machine Learning ; deep learning ; vigilance decrement ; sustained attention ; mental fatigue ; cross-participant ; cross-task ; task-generic ; electroencephalogram ; wavelet spectrum ; ridge ; segmentation ; phase connectivity ; epilepsy ; traumatic brain injury ; feature extraction ; functional connectivity network ; time-frequency features ; machine learning ; ALS ; classifier ; neural ; connectivity ; frequency-specific ; BCI ; acupuncture ; dimensionality ; neural subspace ; latent variables ; attractor ; adaptive threshold ; coherence ; functional connectivity ; multilayer network ; otsu ; phase locking value ; weighted phase lag index ; complex Pearson correlation coefficients ; transcranial magnetic stimulation ; cerebral cortex stimulation ; electromagnetic influence ; neurostimulation ; brain activity ; virtual reality ; neuropathic pain ; spinal cord injury ; fractal dimension ; ERP ; speech discrimination ; seizure detection ; features ; feature selection ; motion artifact ; electroencephalogram (EEG) ; functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) ; wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) ; canonical correlation analysis (CCA) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 146
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This Special Issue collects emerging research activities in the field of cooperative microactuator systems, which are expected to generate new synergies, e.g., through parallelization, cascading, and multistability, as well as through inherent sensing.
    Keywords: Microactuator systems ; Microsystems technology ; Integration of smart materials ; Modeling of multi-physical coupling effects ; Coupled simulation of complex systems ; Control and systems engineering ; Nanotechnology ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 147
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Many existing and newly constructed bridges are composed of reinforced and prestressed concrete. Advanced concrete materials play an increasingly important role in concrete bridges to facilitate the strengthening and repair of existing bridges, to facilitate a (fast) replacement solution for (part of) an existing bridge, and for the design of new challenging bridge projects. The development of advanced concrete materials and their structural applications is thus an important topic in the built environment.This reprint brings together research and practical applications from the perspective of material scientists and bridge engineers for applications to new and existing bridges.
    Keywords: ultra-high-performance concrete ; deck slab ; prestressed concrete ; static test ; fatigue test ; deck slab joint ; ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) ; shear property ; shear strength ; cast-in-place ; steel fiber ; superposed beam ; steel fiber reinforced expanded-shales lightweight concrete (SFRELC) ; flexural fatigue ; stress level ; crack width ; flexural stiffness ; fatigue life ; PVA-ECCs ; bridge repairs ; setting periods ; traffic vibrations ; strain-hardening characteristics ; flexural properties ; hinder-free replacement ; fast construction ; low maintenance ; ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC) ; accelerated bridge construction (ABC) ; advanced design ; UHPC ; interface ; bond strength ; numerical analysis ; MgO expansive agent ; steel fiber reinforced concrete ; bridge deck ; laminated slab ; shrinkage crack ; reinforced concrete ; bridge deck slabs ; strengthening ; textile-reinforced concrete ; carbon concrete ; static loads ; fatigue loads ; experimental investigations ; structural concrete ; bridge engineering ; material characterization ; mechanical properties ; chemical properties ; structural analysis ; CFRP ; ductility ; post-tensioning ; concrete structures ; prefabricated concrete structure ; anchorage performance ; mechanical bond strength ; ultra-high performance fibre reinforced cementitious composite (UHPFRC) ; non-destructive method (NDT) ; magnetic inductance ; quality control ; textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) ; fibre/textile-reinforced concrete (F/TRC) ; cracking behaviour ; serviceability limit state ; digital image correlation (DIC) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 148
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: With the development of society and the economy, sustainable structures and construction are becoming increasingly necessary in civil engineering. Sustainability in construction refers to eco-friendly and economical practices that occur throughout the whole life cycle of structures, including their design, construction, service and demolition. Sustainable structures include fabricated and modular structures, structures constructed using bio-based materials, as well as others. Specifically, timber, bamboo and light steel have become increasingly popular building materials. Additionally, wall panels made from eco-friendly materials can be used to reduce buildings’ energy consumption and carbon emissions. Sustainable construction necessitates prefabricated construction and the recycling and reuse of materials, structures, etc. Key problems have been proposed and solved in regard to sustainable structures and construction in practice. This Special Issue provides an international forum for the presentation and discussion of the latest developments in sustainable structures and construction in civil engineering. The topics of interest include the modeling, testing and construction of sustainable structures. Original papers focused on all aspects of sustainable structures and construction have been accepted for publication.
    Keywords: sustainable construction ; construction site of prefabricated buildings ; multi-objective layout and optimization ; MPC-NSGA-II algorithm ; clay ; pile foundation ; base resistance ; influence depth ; cone penetration test ; super-large span ; mega-latticed structure ; dynamic characteristics ; seismic performance ; plastic development ; model selection ; composite beam ; material performance test ; bending performance ; theoretical analysis ; numerical simulation ; soft soil ; compressive bearing capacity ; carbon emission ; diagonally stiffened plates ; combined action ; elastic buckling coefficient ; machine learning ; Shapley Additive exPlanations ; bio-based materials and structures ; sustainable structures ; plant fiber concrete ; light steel keel wall panel ; thermal performance ; optimum design ; rural light steel frame structure ; building information modeling ; simulated annealing algorithm ; long-term monitoring data ; temperature-induced stress ; multi-scale model ; substructure ; state evaluation ; sustainable structure ; digital twin ; mechanical response ; reliability analysis ; experimental validation ; straw bio-based material ; wheat straw strand board ; paper straw board ; temperature control box—heat flux meter method ; thermal conductivity ; sustainable architecture ; rural prefabricated housing ; climate analysis ; structural thermal bridges ; energy optimization ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 149
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: The reprint provides a comprehensive review of various topics related to sustainable building design and operation, with a particular focus on energy efficiency and environmental impact. It covers a wide range of topics, including visual comfort assessment, decision-making processes of residents, low-cost devices for CO2 monitoring, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on residential energy use. The reprint also includes discussions on solar energy in urban planning, cost-optimal measures for energy renovation, and passive solar solutions for buildings. It provides insights into the use of different materials and strategies for improving the energy efficiency of building envelopes, including the integration of phase change materials and the use of reflective coatings on building roofs. Several case studies are presented in the book, which explores the implementation of sustainable design strategies in different building types and climates. The authors also discuss the use of advanced modeling techniques to simulate the performance of different building systems, including vertical greenery systems and the solar cadaster.
    Keywords: bidirectional gated recurrent unit ; convolutional neural networks ; electricity consumption prediction ; hybrid deep learning model ; residential load prediction ; solar energy ; building energy performance ; energy saving ; passive solar design ; synergistic design ; risk assessment ; climate change ; health ; heat stress ; AQI ; solar reflective coatings ; heat transfer ; daily heat gains ; cool roofs ; residential energy modeling ; COVID-19 ; coronavirus pandemic ; temperature sensitivity ; energy security ; phase change material ; thermal energy storage ; energy efficiency ; passive strategies ; active strategies ; adaptive envelopes ; Vertical Greenery Systems (VGS) ; classification ; comparison of different types of VGS ; mathematical modeling and thermohygrometric analysis ; EnergyPlus ; public school buildings ; optimal cost ; energy renovation ; public buildings ; solar cadaster ; solar potential modeling ; numerical validation ; heritage values ; user ; sustainability ; thermal comfort ; heritage buildings ; decision-making ; preservation ; Mexico City ; urban planning ; active solar systems ; passive solar strategies ; Italian case studies ; agrivoltaics ; visual comfort ; lighting ; daylight ; user centred design ; modeling ; monitoring ; indoor air quality (IAQ) ; smart building ; sustainable development goals (SDGs) ; CO2 ; refurbishment ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 150
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: This reprint focuses on fundamental and applied research in the validation and testing of mechatronic systems and machine elements. It presents test strategies, reliability methods, and special insights into the systems under investigation. The focus is on advanced and complex mechatronic systems up to intelligent mechatronic systems with integrated sensor systems. The reliability of mechatronic systems and their machine elements is a key aspect of engineering design, which will become even more important in the future due to the complexity of mechatronic systems and systems control, especially in human–machine systems. Advances in mechatronic design require systematic testing and validation methods, test environments such as test benches, and modeling approaches. Effective test and validation methods are still a challenging topic for validating the system reliability of mechatronic systems and their machine elements, especially for human–machine interaction and mechatronic machine elements. This reprint covers a wide range of topics, from reliability strategies and design for reliability, to machine elements for intelligent mechatronic systems, to the role of testing and validation in the product development of these systems.
    Keywords: high-contact-ratio gear ; tooth spalling ; meshing stiffness ; nonlinear dynamic behavior ; test bench ; hardware-in-the-loop ; drive component ; scaled prototypes ; scaling model ; experiment ; product development ; validation ; hand-held power tool ; maintenance strategies ; preventive maintenance ; operation condition ; type of component ; global operation condition ; multistage industrial machine ; thermoforming ; swing-rod movable teeth transmission system ; external excitation ; load inhomogeneity ; simulation analysis ; strain test ; reliability optimization ; physics-informed machine learning ; recurrent neural network ; knowledge transfer ; additive manufacturing ; Latin hypercube sampling ; brushless direct current motor ; manufacturing uncertainty ; reliability-based robust design optimization ; output torque ; torque ripple ; vibration analysis ; electric bearing damages ; thrust ball bearings ; electric powertrains ; corrugation pattern ; electric damage progression ; thin-film sensor ; strain gauge ; temperature sensor ; sputtering ; temperature coefficient of resistance ; k-factor ; plastic deformation ; tribological contact ; bearings ; sensor data fusion ; gear ; gearboxes ; sensor integration ; sensor integrated gears ; gear SHM and CM ; control strategies ; environmental conditions ; fuel cell ; heating strategies ; hydrogen ; portable device ; power system reliability ; testing ; mechatronic system modeling ; electro-hydraulic actuator ; control system ; control optimization ; mechanical system ; position control ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 151
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: This topic has been successfully completed. A total of 180 scientific articles were sent, of which 66 have been accepted for publication. These 66 articles are published in reprint.
    Keywords: artificial intelligence ; expert systems ; machine learning ; deep learning ; modeling ; prediction ; probabilistic models ; prediction models ; sustainable mobility ; smart cities ; smart grids ; sustainable energy systems ; renewable energy sources ; nonrenewable energy sources ; electrical storage ; green hydrogen ; sustainable greenhouses ; wind ; microgrids ; tidal ; solar ; biomass ; power network ; solar thermal ; solar photovoltaic ; hydraulics ; ANN ; neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms ; hybrid models based on artificial intelligence ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 152
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Given the increasing importance of a globally interconnected world, driven by modern digital services and the need for fast and reliable access to digital resources, communication networks are one of the key infrastructures in today’s society. In this scenario, fiber optics and optical devices play a leading role, as they allow for unprecedented growth in our capacity to cope with the ever-increasing traffic demand. Optical transmission solutions range from high-speed networks based on coherent detection and advanced modulation formats for long-haul-level communications, to networks still relying on traditional intensity modulation and direct detection receivers for short-reach communications, down to intra-data center scenarios. In between there is a whole gamut of network architectures, providing different solutions for specific applications, targeting the minimization of cost-per-bit as a trade-off between capacity and overall implementation cost, in order for operators to cope with the increasing traffic demand while still providing reasonable market accessibility. Currently, most communications rely on optical technologies, and the worldwide goal is the optimum trade-off between transmission speed and cost-per-bit. This is usually pursued by i) manufacturing low-cost devices, ii) the introduction of digital solutions to overcome the physical limitations of optical communications systems and iii) the optimization of network design. Contributions to this Special Issue address these three subjects, and provide valuable insights into the optical fiber communications world.
    Keywords: optical interconnects ; on–off keying ; pulse amplitude modulation ; misorientation ; optical communication ; InGaAs/GaAsP quantum well ; optical properties ; localization potential ; digital predistortion ; magnitude selective affine ; radio over fiber ; neural network ; error vector magnitude ; adjacent channel power ratio ; PON ; C-band ; chromatic dispersion compensation ; direct detection ; 200 Gbps per wavelength ; translucent optical networks ; regenerator placement ; dynamic traffic ; heuristics ; network design ; sparse regeneration ; 3R ; regenerator ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 153
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Welding technologies of applying surface layers from innovative metal, ceramic, and cermet materials, called heat surfacing and spraying, are an important component of rational repair management and modern design of machine parts and devices with special operating properties. This reprint, which is a collection of current scientific works by international authors in the field of surface coating with welding technologies, presents the following:· Analysis of the causes of wear of working surfaces of machine parts and equipment;· Description of most materials used in world industry for surfacing and thermal spraying;· Extensive discussion of all modern technologies of applying surface layers (from gas cladding, through plasma spraying, to laser cladding);· Examples of technological conditions of surfacing and thermal spraying processes of parts of various types and shapes.The Editors of this Special Issue, titled "Innovative Technologies and Materials for the Production of Mechanical, Thermal and Corrosion Wear-Resistant Surface Layers and Coatings", recommend this reprint to students of materials engineering and welding engineers. Undoubtedly, its reprint should be in the handy library of everyone who professionally deals with welding, especially repair management.
    Keywords: Inconel 625 ; metal matrix composite ; laser cladding ; erosive wear ; PPTAW ; cladding ; deposition ; abrasion ; impact load ; titanium carbide ; synthetic metal–diamond composite ; tungsten carbide ; nanostructured hardmetals ; Co content ; GGIs ; chemical nature of Co binder ; grain size ; electrochemical corrosion resistance ; H2SO4 + CO2 ; hybrid welding ; steel S960QL ; HLAW ; laser beam ; MAG metal active gas ; transmission line model (TLM) method ; potential difference (PD) method ; contact resistance ; resistivity ; silicon solar cells ; I–V characteristics ; impact strength ; brittle fracture strength ; titanium diboride ; synthetic polycrystalline diamond ; aluminum matrix composites ; silicon carbide ; glassy carbon ; GTAW welding ; tribological test ; transition metal carbides ; NiBSi alloy ; phase interaction ; PTAW ; composite layers ; High Velocity Oxy Fuel ; AZ31 magnesium alloy ; microstructure ; X-ray diffraction ; residual stress analysis—sin2ψ method ; cavitation corrosion ; wear ; surface engineering ; roughness ; nickel ; cobalt ; tribology ; hardness ; erosion rate ; failure analysis ; MCrAlY ; high-temperature brittleness range ; hot cracking ; TIG welding ; transvarestraint test ; Inconel 713C ; nickel alloy ; LDMD ; corrosion resistance ; magnesium alloy ; bioresorbable stent ; parylene C ; surface coating ; erosion ; corrosion ; sand ; plug flow ; elbow ; U-bends ; discrete phase model ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 154
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The jubilee 10th MATBUD'2023 Conference on ‘Building Materials Engineering and Innovative Sustainable Materials’ was organized within the framework of the Welcome to Poland project financed by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA): "MATBUD'2023—Developing international scientific cooperation in the field of building materials engineering” BPI_WTP_2021_1_00002. The scientific committee worked under the chairmanship of Prof. Lech Czarnecki (Honorary Chairman) and Prof. Izabela Hager (Chairwoman; the project coordinator). The conference was hosted at Cracow University of Technology, Poland, and welcomed participants from 45 research units worldwide. The organizing committee would like to express great gratitude to all the authors, members of the scientific committee, reviewers, and participants for their valuable contributions to the conference.
    Keywords: bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 155
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: This volume is a reprint of the Special Issue “Theory and Application of Web 3.0 in the Media Sector”. Launched to highlight vital multidisciplinary perspectives, the SI’s contents are both theory- and application-oriented. The advancements of computational processing and storage capacities (at affordable or decreasing costs), the evolution of content compression techniques, and the constant update of networking infrastructures led to the domination of the so-called User-Generated Content (UGC). The proliferation of mobile devices, offering inherent networking with enhanced content capturing and sharing capabilities, also fueling the models of Participatory and Citizens’ Journalism. Thus, the interest has shifted to semantic services, purposing, among others, to automate content production, publishing, validation, documentation, and management. Such technological solutions have already entered the media sector, with their successful growth and elaboration requiring multidisciplinary effort supported by digital literacy initiatives. Nevertheless, further research is needed for the transition to the new media era in which algorithmic automations and semantic services will serve their original purposes, helping both media professionals and broader audiences. A total of 11 contributions were published within this volume, enlightening various aspects of contemporary Web 3.0 services from both technological/algorithmic and conceptual/social science approaches..
    Keywords: web 3.0 ; semantic web ; media industry ; journalistic practices ; journalism 3.0 ; news semantics ; news recommendation ; media automations ; disinformation ; hate speech ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 156
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The automotive industry has always been synonymous with research and innovation, but nowadays the industry is adding pressure and is establishing the agenda of the researchers from the field. Visions have been provided, and the hardware and the software exist; the only question remaining is: “who is going to deliver”? To answer this question, we encouraged scientists, researchers, industry specialists, and academics to share their vision of autonomous vehicles. What will the platform look like? What kind of hardware and software is most suitable? Who will make the connection between these two interdependent environments (and how), so that in the end the AI will define the process? These are the pressing issues of the current moment, and this Special Issue will help all those interested in the topic to promote their vision and ideas. Since the automotive field does not belong to a classical scientific field but has become an independent self-made scientific branch, all those who felt that they could contribute to this highly dynamic environment were requested to join in promoting their particular research or reviews in this Special Issue coordinated from both academia and the industry.
    Keywords: virtualisation ; ECU ; automotive E/E architecture ; containers ; over the air ; software updates ; self-driving car ; game theory ; decision-making ; stackelberg game ; lane-merging ; intention estimation ; sensors ; touch sensor ; touch button ; capacitive sensor ; polymer ; injected plastic ; plastic button ; automotive industry ; pedestrian identification ; classification ; autonomous vehicles ; CNN ; transfer learning ; cabin control functions ; embedded lighting ; reliability testing ; Shared Autonomous Vehicle (SAV) ; Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) ; microphone array ; sound source localization ; VANET ; V2X ; routing protocols ; ad hoc protocols ; wireless communication ; deep reinforcement learning ; global optimal path planning ; dynamic programming ; mobile robots ; shortest path ; continuous state space ; collision avoidance ; Vehicle-In-the-Loop Simulation (VILS) ; autonomous driving ; vehicle test ; consistency validation ; correlation validation ; proving ground ; path tracking ; Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) ; autonomous vehicle ; communication ; ADAS ; model predictive control ; ACC ; self-driving ; deep learning ; neurofuzzy data processing ; fuzzy backpropagation ; self-driving simulation ; scale prototype ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 157
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint focuses on quantitatively assessing the impact of climate change on agricultural production based on multi-source model simulation and reveals the role and mechanism of improved management measures in adapting to climate change. Modeling is a key tool for exploring the impacts of climate change on agriculture and proposing adaptation strategies. The insights derived from this reprint will be helpful for relevant decision makers in the areas of agricultural adaptation and food security.
    Keywords: temperature ; evaluation ; CLDAS ; GLDAS ; ERA5-Land ; adaptation ; climate change ; summer maize ; phenology shift ; GCM ; CNRM-CM6 ; PET ; IPCC-AR6 ; SSP scenarios ; solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) ; winter wheat ; yield forecast ; random forest ; enhanced vegetation index (EVI) ; geographic distribution ; suitable habitat ; Rheum nanum ; MaxEnt ; ArcGIS ; range shifts ; climate scenario ; agriculture ; food security ; planting boundary ; crop modelling ; yield ; future climate scenarios ; soybean ; CROPWAT ; reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) ; crop water requirement (ETc) ; irrigation water requirement (Ir) ; crop yield ; cultivated area ; water use ; wheat–corn ; DNDC ; net greenhouse effect ; anaerobic digestion ; biogas production ; k-nearest neighbours ; support vector machine ; middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River ; rice ; heat stress ; nitrous oxide ; soil gas flux ; silicone diffusion cell ; soil gas diffusivity ; passive gas sampling ; soil gas diffusion coefficient ; soil gas flux simulation ; carbon sequestration ; different scenarios ; land use ; sustainable development ; Xinjiang ; ETo ; yield response factor ; irrigation water requirement ; cotton ; GCMs ; CERES-rice model ; rice yield ; light and heat resource utilization ; potential evapotranspiration (ET0) ; Penman–Monteith ; sensitivity analysis ; contribution rate ; optimal irrigation ; sustainable irrigation ; water use efficiency ; North China Plain ; sugarcane ; SPEI ; waterlogging ; growth stage ; climatic yield ; yield prediction ; machine learning ; APSIM model ; climate indices ; range shift ; apple trees ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 158
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Augmented reality is a key technology that will facilitate a major paradigm shift in the way users interact with data and has only just recently been recognized as a viable solution for solving many critical needs. In practical terms, this innovation can be used to visualize data from hundreds of sensors simultaneously, overlaying relevant and actionable information over your environment through a headset. Semantic 3D reconstruction unlocks the promise of AR technology, possessing a far greater availability of semantic information. Although, there are several methods currently available as post-processing approaches to extract semantic information from the reconstructed 3D models, the results obtained results have been uncertain and evenly incorrect. Thus, it is necessary to explore or develop a novel 3D reconstruction approach to automatically recover 3D geometry model and obtained semantic information simultaneously. The rapid advent of deep learning brought new opportunities to the field of semantic 3D reconstruction from photo collections. Deep learning-based methods are not only able to extract semantic information but can also enhance fundamental techniques in semantic 3D reconstruction, techniques which include feature matching or tracking, stereo matching, camera pose estimation, and use of multi-view stereo methods. Moreover, deep learning techniques can be used to extract priors from photo collections, and this obtained information can in turn improve the quality of 3D reconstruction.
    Keywords: feature tracking ; superpixel ; structure from motion ; three-dimensional reconstruction ; local feature ; multi-view stereo ; construction hazard ; safety education ; photoreality ; virtual reality ; anatomization ; audio classification ; olfactory display ; deep learning ; transfer learning ; inception model ; augmented reality ; higher education ; scientific production ; web of science ; bibliometric analysis ; scientific mapping ; applications in subject areas ; interactive learning environments ; 3P model ; primary education ; educational technology ; mobile lip reading system ; lightweight neural network ; face correction ; virtual reality (VR) ; computer vision ; projection mapping ; 3D face model ; super-resolution ; radial curve ; Dynamic Time Warping ; semantic 3D reconstruction ; eye-in-hand vision system ; robotic manipulator ; probabilistic fusion ; graph-based refinement ; 3D modelling ; 3D representation ; game engine ; laser scanning ; panoramic photography ; super-resolution reconstruction ; generative adversarial networks ; dense convolutional networks ; texture loss ; WGAN-GP ; orientation ; positioning ; viewpoint ; image matching ; algorithm ; transformation ; ADHD ; EDAH ; assessment ; continuous performance test ; Photometric Stereo (PS) ; 3D reconstruction ; fully convolutional network (FCN) ; semi-immersive virtual reality ; children ; cooperative games ; empowerment ; perception ; motor planning ; problem-solving ; area of interest ; wayfinding ; spatial information ; one-shot learning ; gesture recognition ; GREN ; skeleton-based ; 3D composition ; pre-visualization ; stereo vision ; 360° video ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 159
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Industrial/commercial centers and residential consumers require different types of energy such as electrical, heat, and natural gas. Nowadays, many types of energy resources are available. Traditionally, energy is operated and planned separately, but their combination may be synergistic. Hence, penetration of multi-energy systems has been raised in the real world, e.g., co-generation combined heat and power systems. The process of combining various types of energy is also called a multi-carrier energy system, which increases energy efficiency. In addition, the rapid development of technologies has resulted in amplifying the joint operation of the multi-generation systems. This highlights the importance of focusing on multiple alternatives such as integration of renewable energy sources, effective energy conservation, energy storage, etc. The main purpose of the proposed topic was to cover research in electrical, mechanical engineering, and thermal sciences, with a strong concentration on multi-energy analysis, integrated energy systems, multi-energy systems modeling, operation and planning of integrated energy systems, energy conversion, efficiency, renewable energy and electricity supply, including small and large demand scales. It also welcomed research on the technologies of energy storage and electric vehicles.
    Keywords: multi-energy systems ; integrated energy systems ; renewable energy ; operation &amp ; planning ; electric vehicle ; energy storage ; smart grid ; electricity market ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 160
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Global population growth, population aging, declining labor force levels, and rising production costs pose more challenges to agricultural production. In recent years, due to the improved performance of artificial intelligence, precision agriculture, and advanced control, they have been widely used in various agricultural applications, including management, disease detection, crop monitoring, yield estimation, and crop harvesting. Robotics and autonomous machines represent a high-level application of automation in agriculture, based on precise and resource-efficient approaches to sustainably achieve greater efficiency and quality in the production of agricultural products while reducing environmental impact. Reactive technologies based on agricultural robots and autonomous machines are separate but closely related fields covering the application of automated control and robotic platforms at all levels of agricultural production. In robotic or autonomous systems, agricultural sensing and control is particularly difficult due to the complexity of the environment in which agricultural production operates. The open robot system has good expansibility, versatility and flexible operation ability. The establishment of agricultural robot control system can guarantee the reliability and real-time control. A total of 26 papers are included that explores the various ways in which robotics and autonomous machines for agricultural production address general problems.
    Keywords: mobile manipulation ; optimization and optimal control ; agricultural robotics ; viticulture ; jujube pruning ; manipulator ; kinematic analysis ; high-speed photography technology ; performance test ; picking manipulator ; motion planning ; TO-RRT ; step-size dichotomy ; regression superposition ; robotic pest control ; Mask R-CNN ; skeleton extraction ; binocular vision ; stereo matching ; machine vision ; picking robot ; apple detection ; YOLOX ; ShufflenetV2 ; point cloud registration of fruit trees ; lightning attachment procedure optimization ; density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise ; information perception of fruit trees ; precision planter ; motor-driven ; CANopen protocol ; photoelectric sensor ; no-tillage ; straw-rotting fungus ; multiarm harvesting trajectory optimization ; multiobjective optimization ; cluster fruit ; genetic ant colony stepwise algorithm ; dairy farm ; pusher robot ; path extraction ; obstacle avoidance ; high-performance film for full recycling ; film recycling ; field experiment ; film recycling rate ; precision agriculture ; Industry 4.0 ; technology ; adoption ; unmanned vehicles ; smart production ; drones ; robots ; cotton precision planter ; cotton seeds ; broadcast monitoring ; missed broadcast monitoring ; sowing quality ; electrical characteristics ; poultry eggs ; nondestructive detection ; cracked eggs ; machine learning ; garlic seeding ; orientation recognition ; garlic clove righting ; deep learning ; fully connected neural network ; autonomous navigation ; navigation line extraction ; orchard machinery ; least-square ; apple harvesting ; soft gripper ; Fin Ray effect ; finite element analysis ; constant-pressure feedback ; slip detection ; fresh weight prediction ; growth model ; naive Bayesian network ; solar greenhouse ; substrate-cultivated lettuce ; phenotyping ; agricultural robot ; tiller counting ; residual network ; agriculture ; path planning ; neighborhood collection ; autonomous vehicle ; genetic algorithm ; global optimization ; bale collection problem ; forage handling ; pineapple eye ; three-dimensional ; YOLOv5 ; stereo-matching ; cotton seeder ; duckbill ; Simufact Welding ; welding robot ; automated welding ; apple grader ; attention mechanism SE ; DIoU_Loss ; mish ; autonomous robots ; data acquisition ; computer vision ; shrimp ; automatic peeling machines ; tactile perception ; recognition ; wavelet scattering convolutional network ; microcurrent signal analysis ; egg’s electrical characteristic model ; artificial intelligence ; IoT ; cloud computing ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 161
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint presents proceedings resulting from the IX Iberian Congress of Ichthyology held in Porto, Portugal from 20th to 23rd June 2022. Published conference abstracts, presented as oral or poster communications, have been previously approved by the scientific conference committee and the original research content was double peer-reviewed. Overall, the reprint focuses on fundamental and applied ichthyological research developed mainly in the Iberian Peninsula.
    Keywords: bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 162
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint is a printed edition of the Special Issue on Maritime Autonomous Vessels that was published in the Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. It contains an editorial and 17 peer-reviewed research studies in the field of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), Unmanned Surface Vessels (USVs), Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), and underwater gliders, to name a few. The main goal of this reprint is to address key challenges, thereby promoting research on marine autonomous ships. There are many topics on autonomous vessels involved in this reprint, for instance, automatic control, manoeuvrability, collision avoidance, ship target identification, motion planning, and buckling analysis.
    Keywords: cylindrical shell ; variable stiffness ; buckling ; design and optimization ; AUV ; surrogate-model ; path-following ; vector field ; obstacle avoidance ; velocity obstacle algorithm ; nonlinear autopilot ; underactuated surface ship model ; underwater glider ; predetermined depth ; fuzzy adaptive ; LADRC ; system identification ; ship maneuvering model ; gaussian process ; prediction uncertainty ; unmanned surface vehicles ; dynamic obstacle avoidance ; dynamic navigation ship domain ; local path planning ; COLREGs ; homing and docking ; vision-based guidance ; target point/line planning and following ; thrust allocation ; machine vision ; target detection ; YOLOv5 ; loss function ; unmanned ship ; autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) ; subsea production system (SPS) ; inspection of underwater object ; stereo images ; navigation ; coordinate referencing ; trajectory tracking ; unmanned surface vehicle ; model identification ; line-of-sight ; motion planning ; MASS ; multi-objective optimization ; complex navigation conditions ; manoeuvring model ; parameter estimation ; singular values ; free-running model tests ; truncated singular value decomposition ; fishing vessel ; shallow water ; maneuverability ; empirical formula ; navigation situation ; human-operated ship ; clustering ; testbed scenario ; artificial potential field ; collision avoidance ; maritime autonomous surface ships ; path planning ; ship classification ; automatic identification system (AIS) ; convolutional neural network (CNN) ; trajectory image ; ship target identification ; track ; neural network ; Bayes ; ship’s manoeuvrability ; model tests data ; artificial neural networks ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 163
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: In total, ten papers are included in this reprint. New advances in optoelectronic materials have been reported for crystals, electrodes, and bonding materials. Zakrzewski et al. analyzed photothermal piezoelectric spectroscopy of Cd1−xBexTe, showing potential in X-ray and γ-ray detectors. Han et al. investigated characteristics of a copper foil three-electrode planar spark gap high-voltage switch integrated with EFI. Ding et al. showed a way to improve electrochemical migration resistance of nanosilver paste as a bonding material. New advances have been reported for LEDs and photonic crystal waveguides. Bai et al. proposed a new method for the measurement of adhesive force between a single μLED and the substrate. Zhang et al. analyzed strain relaxation effect on the peak wavelength of blue micro-LEDs. Shi et al. proposed an all-dielectric terahertz photonic crystal waveguide operating in 6G terahertz communication window. New applications of optoelectronic materials and devices have also been reported for piezoelectric sensors, crystal materials, SAR, and OCT. Wang et al. established a collision model of wheat grains impacting a force plate with a piezoelectric sensor. He et al. demonstrated application of a BaGa4Se7 crystal in a tunable and compact mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator with a repetition rate of up to 250 Hz. Wang et al. proposed a new feature learning method for the automatic target recognition of SAR images. Shi et al. reviewed the quantitative assessment methods used for early enamel caries with OCT.
    Keywords: three-electrode planar spark gap high voltage switch ; static characteristics ; dynamic characteristics ; impedance characteristics ; electric field strength ; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images ; automatic target recognition (ATR) ; spatial pyramid matching (SPM) ; sparse representation ; pooling ; electrochemical migration ; ionic migration ; sintering ; nanosilver ; doping ; Ag nanoparticles ; reliability ; optical parametric oscillator ; BaGa4Se7 ; mid-infrared ; InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) ; strain relaxation ; micro-LED arrays ; photoluminescence (PL) ; Raman shift ; terahertz ; photonic crystal waveguide ; 3D printing ; optical coherence tomography ; early enamel caries ; quantitative assessment ; quantitative indicators ; AFM ; μLED ; mass transfer ; adhesive force measurement ; photothermal spectroscopy ; surface defects ; semiconductors ; response surface method ; collision model ; elastic recovery coefficient ; elastic characteristics ; kinematics ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 164
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Composites are the most promising material available in the twenty-first century. Composites reinforced with synthetic or natural fibers are becoming extremely prevalent as the demand for lightweight materials with high strength for specific applications grows. Fiber-reinforced polymer composite has a high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent properties, such as high durability, stiffness, damping property, flexural strength, and resistance to corrosion, wear, impact, and fire. Various properties of composite materials have led to applications in construction, aerospace, automobile, biomedical, marine, and many other industries. Because their constituent elements and manufacturing techniques primarily determine the performance of composite materials, the functional properties of various fibers available worldwide, their classifications, and the manufacturing techniques used to fabricate the composite materials must be investigated.
    Keywords: GFRP ; environmental degradation ; tensile properties ; DIC ; long-term prediction ; thermo-oxidative stability ; woven composites ; structure effect ; finite element ; n/a ; polypropylene fiber mechanism sand concrete ; frost resistance ; freeze–thaw damage model ; RSM strength model ; eucalyptus bark ; Yunnan pine wood ; bamboo culms ; industrial hemp hurd ; FTIR ; XRD ; TG ; mechanical properties ; fibre metal laminates ; natural fibre composites ; progressive damage analysis ; failure mechanism ; finite element analysis ; numerical analysis ; tension ; delamination ; polyethylene ; composite materials ; ground coffee waste ; impact ; TGA ; thermal cycle ; thermally stable ; 3D-printing technology ; fused deposition modeling ; CFRP composites ; mechanical degradation ; morphological structure ; ballistic limit ; composite armors ; ogive–nose projectile ; theoretical analysis ; ultra–high molecular weight polyethylene ; carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) ; recycling ; epoxy ; DDS ; short fiber-reinforced composites ; injection molding ; thermoplastic material characterization ; numerical simulation ; complex geometry ; starch ; Cymbopogan citratus fibre (CCF) ; thermoplastic cassava starch ; cotton/bamboo woven fabric ; silane treatment ; thrust force ; SEM analysis ; RSM ; machining operation ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 165
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: The experience of a good indoor environment can result in positive perceptual outcomes, which is related to the occupant’s well-being. Conversely, noise, uncomfortable temperatures and humidity, dim light, poor air quality, and pungent smells can compromise occupants’ life quality, negatively affect their place experience, or even reduce personal health. In order to ensure positive indoor environments for occupants, a perceptual quality assessment has been introduced and extensively studied in recent years. Influenced by indoor environmental quality (IEQ), it is necessary and beneficial to explore how humans perceive and what effects indoor environments. It is necessary for designers and researchers to address these issues associated with indoor environmental quality. Therefore, this Special Issue aims to gather articles that discuss indoor environmental quality and occupant comfort. The articles in this Special Issue encompass different research categories, ranging from conceptual analyses and reviews to research papers. These studies have investigated the characterization and perception of both individual indoor environments and complex environmental interactions, along with their management and design implications. The focuses of these investigations include both theoretical aspects (such as the relationships between environmental quality and psychological or physiological reactions) and methodological aspects (such as protocols and procedures of gathering objective and subjective data).
    Keywords: state arousal level ; visual comfort ; daylight illumination ; elderly persons ; reading behavior ; acoustic comfort ; speech transmission index ; speech intelligibility ; open-plan office ; thermal comfort ; PMV-PPD ; radiant floor ; cooling ; office buildings ; fan coil ; energy consumption ; lighting design ; lighting control system ; HDRi luminance analysis ; LabVIEW ; energy saving ; thermal environment ; cold regions ; university classroom ; heating season ; color psychology ; hotel indoor environment ; emotion ; subjective evaluation ; VR experiment ; rural houses ; winter ; ventilation ; waste heat recover ; air quality ; nursery ; classrooms ; vertical temperature difference ; humidity ; CO2 ; air stuffiness index ; particle matter ; illumination ; noise level ; elderly facility ; in-between area ; EEG ; HRV ; STAI ; architectural scheme design ; general demand analysis ; Kano model ; indoor navigation ; system design ; sunlight patterns ; aperture design ; immersive virtual reality ; ECG ; sky type ; decoration style ; text analysis ; questionnaire survey ; comparative study ; China ; blind older adults ; nursing homes ; acoustic environment ; sound perception ; aural diversity ; inclusive design ; COVID-19 ; classroom colour environment ; college students’ mental health ; HAD scale ; daylight simulation ; atrium ; corelighting ; heritage retrofit ; historical building ; indoor environmental quality ; view analysis ; Nordic latitude ; historical residential buildings ; passive cooling ; hotel interior spaces ; high sound insulation ; lightweight composite structure partition ; sound transmission loss ; annual daylighting performance ; atrium design ; parametric simulation ; primary and secondary school ; IEQ preferences ; psychosocial preferences ; twostep cluster analysis ; study place ; students’ profiles ; daylighting performance ; terrace classrooms ; interior space geometry ; window geometry ; severe cold regions ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 166
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Biosensors, especially non-invasive ones, are an area of extreme importance and fantastic advancements. As nanotechnology continually becomes more and more refined, its applications in a multitude of areas also grow. One area that has seen an explosion of innovations is healthcare. Such biosensors have allowed for the diagnosis, monitoring, and even treatment of a myriad of different disease states. This reprint highlights many of the past, current, and potential future advancements.
    Keywords: breathalyzer ; acetone ; ketogenic diet ; semi-conductor metal oxides ; tremor ; medical devices ; transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ; electrical stimulation systems ; wearable orthoses ; assistive feeding devices ; arteriovenous fistula ; SVM ; harmonic ratio ; vascular wall motion monitor ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; point of care testing ; rapid diagnostics ; glucose sensor ; Cu2O nanomaterial ; electrochemical sensor ; non-enzymatic sensor ; chronic kidney disease ; salivary conductivity ; non-invasive ; portable ; biosensor ; n/a ; cellulose paper ; chitosan ; layer-by-layer ; self-assembly ; nanocomposite ; SERS spectroscopy ; iso-block postural identity ; OpenPose ; fusion deep learning ; electronic nose ; volatile organic compounds ; breath analysis ; smoking ; electromyography ; facial pain ; temporomandibular joint disorders ; jaw muscles ; diagnosis ; blood pressure (BP) ; Squeeze U-net ; photoplethysmogram (PPG) ; mHealth ; real time ; deep learning ; bioinstrumentation ; dual-channel ; glucose ; near-infrared ; NIR technology ; sensors ; optical spectroscopy ; photoacoustic spectroscopy ; electromagnetic sensing ; nanomaterials ; diabetes management ; biosensors ; biomaterials ; oral diagnostics ; pediatric population ; salivary diagnostics ; salivary biomarkers ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 167
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: This topic has been successfully completed. A total of 180 scientific articles were sent, of which 66 have been accepted for publication. These 66 articles are published in reprint.
    Keywords: artificial intelligence ; expert systems ; machine learning ; deep learning ; modeling ; prediction ; probabilistic models ; prediction models ; sustainable mobility ; smart cities ; smart grids ; sustainable energy systems ; renewable energy sources ; nonrenewable energy sources ; electrical storage ; green hydrogen ; sustainable greenhouses ; wind ; microgrids ; tidal ; solar ; biomass ; power network ; solar thermal ; solar photovoltaic ; hydraulics ; ANN ; neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms ; hybrid models based on artificial intelligence ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 168
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: Aquatic products are an important type of food, mainly including fish, shrimp, shellfish, crab, seaweed, etc. They provide human beings with high-quality protein, fatty acids, minerals, and other nutritional elements. Generally, aquatic raw materials need to go through transportation, processing, and preservation from the water area to the dining table. This Special Issue covers papers in the following areas: Advanced live fish transportation and quality change of aquatic products during transportation; New methods of processing on quality of aquatic products; New methods of preservation on shelf life and quality of aquatic products; Improvement of shelf life, nutrition, and quality of aquatic products; New detection, analysis, and management technology involved in transportation, processing, and preservation of aquatic products.
    Keywords: surimi gels ; EGCG ; gel quality ; storage properties ; freeze-thaw cycle ; pickling ; fish ; sensory profile ; organic acids ; chemical composition ; lipid oxidation ; microbiological safety ; high hydrostatic pressure ; sous-vide ; sensory ; storage ; largemouth ; Trachinotus ovatus ; golden pompano ; modified atmosphere packaging ; superchilling storage ; physicochemical properties ; principal component analysis ; blunt snout bream ; respite time ; live transportation ; texture ; cell structure ; sweet orange essential oil ; antibacterial activity ; porous starch ; microcapsule ; crawfish ; crayfish ; ozone water ; ultrasound ; 16S rRNA gene sequencing ; washing times ; silver carp surimi ; quality characteristics ; protein oxidation ; cold plasma ; tilapia fillet ; microbiological ; quality ; oregano essential oil ; clove leaf essential oil ; melanosis ratio ; protein degradation ; TCA-soluble peptides ; mechanism ; Eriocheir sinensis ; aquaculture ; fatty acid ; free amino acid ; fermented fish product ; lactic acid bacteria ; inoculated fermentation ; quality improvement ; flavor characteristics ; electron-beam irradiation ; silver carp chunks ; water distribution ; muscle quality ; fish choice parameters ; attitudes ; socio-economic features ; consumer-seller determinants ; large yellow croaker ; calcium lactate ; surimi ; low-field nuclear magnetic resonance ; Raman spectroscopy ; fish cutting ; fish processing ; waterjet cutting ; machine vision ; artificial intelligence ; growth environment ; snakehead fish ; fish soup ; amino acid composition ; fatty acid composition ; sous vide ; scallop ; volatile compounds ; chilled storage ; green algae ; Ulva intestinalis ; cookies ; sensory evaluation ; physicochemical and nutritional properties ; functional food ; food safety ; nanozyme ; fish freshness ; platinum nanocube ; hypoxanthine ; silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) ; pH-shifting process ; muddy off-odor ; gelling properties ; cathepsin ; retained water ; catfish ; proximate composition ; water content ; processing ; bacterial load ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 169
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Gallium nitride and related semiconductor materials enable a wide range of novel devices, some of which already improve our everyday life. Driven by vast consumer markets, the research and development of nitride semiconductor devices underwent tremendous growth worldwide. The Special Issue on “Recent Advances in III-Nitride Semiconductors” provides a forum for research monographs and professional titles in this area. The Special Issue presents the joint effort of 16 leading research groups, covering subjects including: the growth of GaN-based materials and micro/nanostructures; characterization of the materials and heterostructures; GaN-based novel devices, including emission, detection and power devices; application and integration of other wide-bandgap materials and novel devices in novel electronics and photonics.
    Keywords: Nitrides ; GaN ; AlGaN ; InGaN ; heterostructures ; epitaxy ; electro-optics devices ; micro-electronics devices ; power devices ; tunable devices ; photonic crystal enhanced light-matter interaction ; photonic crystal and plasmonics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 170
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This reprint delves into the realm of efficient intelligence, encompassing fundamental and applied research. It explores the applications of embedded sensing in a variety of embedded devices, including industrial robots, unmanned vehicles, elevator traction machines, fuel cells, and more. Special attention is given to collaborative autonomous navigation, simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), target object tracking, LiDAR point cloud analysis, prognostic methods for fuel cells, fabric defect detection in manufacturing, elevator traction machine recognition, object detection, vision-based autonomous forklifts, among others.
    Keywords: motion distortion ; IMU ; sensor fusion ; odometer ; ICP ; high-speed railway ; object detection ; blob detection ; EOR-Brenner ; blur and dirt ; complex background ; computer vision and its practical applications ; robotics ; deep learning ; intelligent systems and control theory ; place recognition ; loop closure ; simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) ; unstructured objects ; point cloud segmentation ; temporal verification ; autonomous driving ; OpenCV ; ENet ; YOLO ; vibration signal ; traction machine ; feature extraction ; state identification ; computer vision ; fabric detection ; Swin Transformer ; YOLOv5 ; prognostics ; proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell ; hybrid method ; degradation prediction ; remaining useful life ; SLAM ; multi-sensor fusion ; object tracking and localization ; USV-UAV cooperation ; trajectory generation ; under-actuated constraint ; numerical optimization ; hull dynamics ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 171
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The study of complex dynamic systems has become increasingly important in recent years due to its wide range of applications in fields such as engineering, physics, economics, and biology. These systems are characterized by their interconnectedness, nonlinearities, and feedback loops, which make them difficult to understand and control. As a result, there has been growing interest in developing tools and techniques for the modelling, identification, and control of complex dynamic systems.The aim of this reprint is to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art methods for the modelling, identification, and control of complex dynamic systems. This reprint covers a wide range of topics, including system identification, model-based control, adaptive control, nonlinear control, and predictive control. It also includes case studies and examples from different fields to demonstrate the practical application of these methods.This reprint is intended for researchers, graduate students, and practitioners in the field of control systems. It assumes a basic understanding of linear systems theory, calculus, and linear algebra. Overall, this reprint provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the methods for the modelling, identification, and control of complex dynamic systems.
    Keywords: Internal Model Control (IMC) ; U-model ; U-model-based control (U-control) ; Two-Degree-of-Freedom IMC (TDF-IMC) ; dynamic inversion ; invariance entropy ; automatic control ; mutual information ; static detection ; Chi-square test ; permission ; FlowDroid ; series causality analysis ; Bayesian LSTM ; multi-sensor system ; meteorological data ; big measurement data ; deep fusion predictor ; cobalt removal process ; mechanistic kinetic model ; parameter estimation ; constrained parameter estimation ; data reconciliation ; robust estimator ; gross error detection ; feeding composition ; fault diagnosis ; sensor fault ; actuator fault ; deep convolutional neural network ; robot joints ; railway accident prevention ; critical hazard identification ; accident causality network ; integer programming ; active diagnosis ; active reconfiguration ; constrained systems ; fault tolerance ; interpolation control ; linear programming ; structured control ; flexible spacecraft ; prevent oscillations ; adaptive fixed-time control ; neural network control ; strict-feedback high-order nonlinear systems ; cluster-delay mean square consensus ; multi-agent systems ; stochastic disturbances ; impulse time windows ; impulsive control ; multiplicative adaptation ; gain adjustment ; spectral damping ; robust stability ; local unknown input ; interconnected system ; local reconstrucability ; global reconstrucability ; reduce-order uncertain observer ; chaos theory ; bifurcation ; stabilization ; chaos synchronization ; robust control ; rolling bearing fault ; CEEMDAN ; DFA ; improved wavelet threshold ; QPSO ; MPE ; SVM ; adaptive fixed-time ; neural network ; nonlinear interconnected systems ; X-ray pulsar ; signal denoising ; variational mode decomposition ; MIMO ; coupling ; PSO ; CDM ; measurement noise ; robust controller ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 172
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This collection reports on the state of the art in fundamental discipline application in hydrocarbon production and associated challenges in geoengineering activities. Zheng et al. (2022) report an NMR-based method for multiphase methane characterization in coals. Wang et al. (2022) studied the genesis of bedding fractures in Ordovician to Silurian marine shale in the Sichuan basin. Kang et al. (2022) proposed research focusing on the prediction of shale gas production from horizontal wells. Liang et al. (2022) studied the pore structure of marine shale by adsorption method in terms of molecular interaction. Zhang et al. (2022) focus on the coal measures sandstones in the Xishanyao Formation, southern Junggar Basin, and the sandstone diagenetic characteristics are fully revealed. Yao et al. (2022) report the source-to-sink system in the Ledong submarine channel and the Dongfang submarine fan in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea. There are four papers focusing on the technologies associated with hydrocarbon productions. Wang et al. (2022) reported the analysis of pre-stack inversion in a carbonate karst reservoir. Chen et al. (2022) conducted an inversion study on the parameters of cascade coexisting gas-bearing reservoirs in coal measures in Huainan. To ensure the safety CCS, Zhang et al (2022) report their analysis of available conditions for InSAR surface deformation monitoring. Additionally, to ensure production safety in coal mines, Zhang et al. (2022) report the properties and application of gel materials for coal gangue control.
    Keywords: gel–foam ; chitosan ; acrylic acid ; coal gangue ; InSAR monitoring ; carbon capture and storage ; feasibility assessment model ; low-field NMR ; coal ; free methane ; paramagnetic mineral ; submarine channel ; submarine fan ; source-to-sink ; gas reservoirs ; South China Sea ; Yinggehai Basin ; pore structure ; shale gas ; N2 adsorption experiment ; molecular simulation ; pore connectivity ; tight sandstone ; coal measure ; southern margin of Junggar basin ; diagenetic process ; reservoir quality control ; reservoir forming ; carbonate cavern reservoir application ; pre-stack inversion ; model ; grey correlation method ; multiple linear regression ; production evaluation ; main control factor ; estimated ultimate recovery ; coalbed methane (CBM) ; prestack seismic inversion ; brittle index ; gas-bearing property ; fractures ; complex fracture net ; formation of bedding ; Fuling area ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 173
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The ongoing twin transition of the wood-based panel industry towards a green, digital, and more resilient bioeconomy is essential for a successful transformation to decarbonize the sector and implement a circular development model, transforming linear industrial value chains to minimize pollution and waste generation, and providing more sustainable growth and jobs. This green transition represents an opportunity to place the wood-based panel industry on a new path of more sustainable and inclusive growth, tackling climate change and reducing its dependence on fossil-derived raw materials, thus improving the industry’s resource efficiency and security. It provides examples of the most recent advances and technological developments in the design, production, characteristics, and current and future applications of sustainable, eco-friendly wood and wood-based composites with enhanced properties and a reduced carbon footprint. It is intended for material scientists, wood scientists, environmental scientists, graduate and postgraduate students in Wood Science and Technology, as well as wood-based panel industry professionals. In addition, the content is relevant to government authorities and stakeholders working in the domain of sustainable wood value chains, aimed at achieving Sustainable Development Goals and enhanced contribution of the forest-based sector to long-term climate change mitigation.
    Keywords: Paulownia tomentosa x elongata ; plantation wood ; lightweight ; physical and mechanical properties ; amylose ; amylopectin ; bio-based adhesives ; starch ; wood adhesives ; wood-based panels ; particleboard ; OSB ; heat release ; time-to-ignition ; mass loss ; wood-based materials properties ; formaldehyde ; alternative raw materials ; forest residues ; LCA ; wood ; concrete ; road ; bridge ; environmental impact ; CNC machines ; acoustics emission ; wood-processing parameters ; tool temperature ; adaptive control ; bamboo ; boric acid ; physical properties ; mechanical properties ; adhesion properties ; morphological properties ; basic properties ; wood shaving ; composite ; composites materials ; adhesive combination ; semantan bamboo ; beting bamboo ; shear strength ; strip arrangement ; lay-up pattern ; fracture behaviors ; fibers ; in situ bending tests ; parenchymal cells ; bamboo-based composites ; Paulownia ; wood properties ; position in stem ; Balsa ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 174
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This book focuses on recent advances in both theoretical and experimental studies of material behaviour at the micro- and nano-scales. Special attention is given to experimental studies of nanofilms, nanoparticles and nanocomposites as well as tooth defects. Various experimental techniques were used. Magneto- and thermoelastic coupling were considered, as were nonlocal models of thin structures.
    Keywords: flexomagnetic ; nanobeam ; large deflection ; NSGT ; Galerkin method ; Newton–Raphson method ; caries ; enamel ; dentine ; nanoindentation ; X-Ray microtomography ; Raman spectrum analysis ; electrodeposition ; nickel ; cysteine ; microstructure ; hardness ; thermal stability ; AlCrN ; CrON ; topography ; microparticles ; roughness ; AFM ; elastic modulus ; friction coefficient ; smart nano-plates ; semi-analytical solution ; critical temperatures ; buckling ; vibrations ; supercapacitor ; nickel oxide ; NiO/C nanocomposite ; non-isothermal decomposition ; thin films ; chromium ; chromium disilicide ; silicon substrate ; rapid thermal treatment ; pulsed laser melting in liquid ; spherical submicrometer particles ; particle fracture ; particle embedment ; Brinell hardness ; titanium carbide ; atomic force microscopy ; magnetron sputtering ; nanostructured coatings ; tantalum ; bilayer cantilever ; deflections ; residual stresses ; young’s modulus ; virtual force principle ; nanobar ; surface-energy effect ; thermodynamics-based strain gradient ; elastic substrate media ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 175
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This Special Issue (SI), entitled “Application of (Big) Data Analysis in A/E/C (architecture, engineering, and construction)”, in Buildings has published quality papers outlining novel contributions of the application of big data theory, modeling techniques, and methodologies as a tool for leveraging data analytics in the building industry. Contributions have covered related topics from various application domains of the global A/E/C industry, including structures/structural engineering, materials/geotechnical engineering, construction design/measure, IS/BIM, transport/energy planning and building management, etc. As can be seen in the editorial essay, some domains have been addressed with more emphasis, but some are not. In addition to the editorial essay, the published research works have also touched almost all phases of (big) data analytics, including data collection and curation, data pre-processing, data analysis, prediction, (data-driven) decision making and decision supports, etc., except that related topics about forecasting are still missing. This allows for identifying ‘hot zones’ of research, in which follow-up research and extended studies should be performed, and ‘cold zones’, awaiting the utilization and novel application of data and theories/models.
    Keywords: high performance concrete (HPC) ; experimental parameters ; data-driven analysis ; pre-project material testing ; pairwise comparison analysis ; correlation analysis ; cosine similarity ; predictive regression modelling ; heat map ; variable transform ; energy generation ; green energy ; wind turbines ; fan-blade damage ; mechanical condition monitoring system ; fault diagnosis ; maintenance by prediction ; accelerometer ; vibration data ; big-data analytics ; reliability analysis ; RC slab-column structure ; machine learning ; Monte Carlo simulation ; shapley additive explanation ; wireless sensor network ; historic building ; real-time monitoring ; recycling of waste materials ; water-to-binder ratio (W/B ratio) ; waste PE ; cement mortar ; durability ; steel assembly bracing ; foundation pit ; environmental temperature ; vibration analysis ; building information model ; 3D point cloud ; semantic segmentation ; deep learning ; highway data quality assessment ; data quality dimensions ; semiotic framework ; decision-making ; construction image ; artificial intelligence ; object detection ; single shot multibox detector (SSD) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 176
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint addresses the unique opportunities and challenges associated with human–computer interaction with intelligent systems. First, state-of-the-art reviews are presented about speech emotions, automatic spelling correction, and art usage in virtual reality. We encouraged authors to submit reports describing systems built for different languages and multilingual systems. The linguistic, emotional, prosodic, and dialogue aspects of speech communication are investigated. Special attention is given to sentiment and emotional analysis from text and speech. Speech audiometry, offline speech recognition, and text-independent speaker verification systems are elaborated. The rapidly growing domain of virtual reality applications is of interest both as an application domain in which new interfaces and interaction methods are needed and as a potential testbed for evaluating speech and other interface modalities.
    Keywords: pediatric speech audiometry ; hearing tests ; conditioned play audiometry ; human–computer interaction ; mechatronic devices ; Internet of Things ; cyber-physical systems ; system control ; augmented reality ; mixed reality ; Azure cloud ; sentiment analysis ; opinion classification ; lexicon-based approach ; hybrid approach ; lexicon generation ; lexicon labelling ; particle swarm optimization ; spelling correction ; natural language processing ; diacritization ; error model ; context model ; Natural Language Processing ; deep learning ; grammar error detection ; word embedding ; text-independent speaker verification system ; self-attentive pooling ; multi-layer aggregation ; feature recalibration ; deep length normalization ; speaker embedding ; shortcut connections ; convolutional neural networks ; ResNet ; human–robot interaction ; dictionary approach ; machine learning approach ; social robotics ; human-robot interaction ; mental workload ; heart rate variability ; machine learning ; sentiment level evaluation ; handicraft product ; 3D handicraft products ; smartphone applications ; user interaction ; user’s attracting attention ; question-answering forum ; healthcare informatics ; recommendation system ; user study ; speech emotion recognition ; attention mechanism ; recurrent neural network ; long short-term memory ; user experience ; usability evaluation methods ; domain usability ; domain-specific languages ; graphical user interfaces ; virtual reality ; art therapy ; rehabilitation ; neurorehabilitation ; neuroplasticity ; brain injury ; ASR ; speech-to-text ; edge AI ; Wav2Vec ; transformers ; PyTorch ; emotion recognition ; dimensional to categorical emotion representation mapping ; activation ; arousal and valence regression ; X-vectors ; SVM ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 177
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Rock and rock-like materials such as concrete, soil, and underground backfilling materials are considered to be geomaterials. Geomaterials are essential for life due to human construct extraction, mining, storage, and transport areas in the Earth’s crust for raw material. Drilling and excavations of underground openings in the Earth’s crust are requirements for the exploitation and utilization of mineral resources, energy resources, and underground spaces. The deepest drilling depth has exceeded 12 km, and the deepest underground excavation now operates mines with depths exceeding 4 to 5 km. Drilling, excavation, and rock support processes largely rely on the physical and mechanical properties of geomaterials. Rock excavations are faced with some instability phenomena, such as caving, rock bursts, slabbing, large deformation, and zonal disintegration, posing a serious threat to the safety of mining and tunneling operations. Rock drilling also encounters many challenges deep underground. Deformation, fracture, failure, and fragmentation are the different stages of geomaterials, the monitoring and control of which are essential for ensuring drilling and excavation safety. Therefore, understanding the response processes of geomaterials during drilling and excavation activities depends on the precise characterizations of geomaterials.
    Keywords: coupled static and dynamic loads ; artificial flaw ; SHPB ; 3D-DIC ; failure laws ; elastic wave ; frequency dependent attenuation ; attenuation coefficient ; rock microstructures ; bleeding water ; phosphogypsum ; cemented backfill ; pollutant ; backfill slurry ; rock mass ; anisotropy ; confining pressure ; strength ; failure mechanism ; discontinuity ; dynamic Brazilian splitting ; digital image correlation ; rock materials ; fracability ; fracture process zone ; crack tolerance ; chevron notched disk ; discrete element method ; iron tailings ; phosphate removal by adsorption ; flawed rocks ; cracking mechanism ; energy dissipation ; rock-burst ; weakly cemented rocks ; triaxial compression ; permeability ; matrix fracturing ; stress–damage–permeability ; in-situ assembling caisson ; VSM construction method ; ground settlement ; deep layered deformation ; field measurement ; stability ; n/a ; DIC ; double fissures ; damage characteristics ; fractal ; cyclic point loading ; rock fatigue ; loading frequency ; waveform ; mechanized rock breakage ; parameter optimization ; hard rock characterization ; rock properties ; field tests ; rebound/Schmidt hammer ; point load test ; Los Angeles test ; aleatoric and epistemic measurement uncertainty ; hard rock ; rock burst tendency ; lab testing ; brittleness indicator ; strength decrease rate ; cut blasting ; damage model ; in-situ stress ; numerical simulation ; field test ; soil–rock mixture (S-RM) ; electrical resistivity ; triaxial shear ; mechanical behavior ; cemented soil–concrete interface ; large-scale interface shear test ; interface shear strength ; unconfined compressive strength ; abutment ; deformation ; geosynthetics ; geosynthetic reinforced soil ; volumetric deformation ; carbonaceous slate ; bedding angle ; chemical erosion ; creep characteristic ; sand ; creep shear mechanical response ; SVM ; BPANN ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 178
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This book is the proceedings of the 7th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences (ECWS-7), held online 15–30 March 2003, promoted by the open access MDPI journal Water (ISSN 2073-4441; IF 3.530). The title of ECWS-7 was “Adaptive Water Resources Management in an Era of Changing Climatic, Environmental and Social Conditions”. This book of proceedings includes 102 papers, internationally and independently reviewed and presented in the conference. The topics of the papers cover a large number of subjects including Sustainable Water Resources Management, Water Resource Policy and Governance Hydrology, and Climate Change: Impacts on Water Resources and Hydrology.
    Keywords: bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 179
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This Topic, "Sustainability in Buildings: New trends in the management of construction and demolition waste", collected works related to the use of new sustainable building materials, new trends in the recycling of materials for their application in construction, and the application of new techniques and measurement processes that favour the development of sustainable construction. This printed work contains some of the most cutting-edge research carried out by leading international researchers in the field of building engineering. In this way, the work complements the existing literature on construction and demolition waste management from a multidisciplinary perspective, which encourages the exchange of ideas and points of view.
    Keywords: Construction and Building Materials ; Energy Efficiency ; Circular Economy ; Innovation Technologies in Building ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 180
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint addresses fundamental research about the integration of transport modes into unique mobility infrastructure and services, allowing for multimodal choices for passengers in their journey and increasing the sustainability of mobility. The reprint has important relevancy given the increasing attention devoted to sustainability aspects in aviation and the emerging need to achieve multimodality in transportation, by integrating the vertical dimension with the horizontal one, particularly in urban and peri-urban environments. New technologies and concepts are considered for implementing seamless door-to-door travel, which requires the implementation of fully integrated intermodal transport systems, allowing for passengers to have easy and seamless transfer between different transport modes, where Air Traffic Management (ATM) and air transport can play a fundamental role. The new paradigm in transport is of shifting from the optimization of the individual transport segments to the optimization of the overall journey, including all the possible transportation means that allow for achieving, in combination and with multimodal possible choice, a unique seamless door-to-door journey. Through this new paradigm, it will be possible to increase the efficiency of the overall transport chain by improving the interoperability of the different modes of transport, while simultaneously increasing environmental, social, and economic sustainability, prompting a more efficient use of existing and future infrastructure.
    Keywords: multimodal air passenger transport ; seamless journey ; European transport market ; door-to-door travel ; data sharing ; mode choice behavior ; multinomial logistics regression ; correlation analysis ; seamless D2D travel ; coordinated multimodal service ; passenger UAM ; urban planning ; vertiports ; affordability ; inclusivity ; accessibility ; acceptance ; satisfaction ; SUMI ; airport ; centrality ; social network analysis ; regional growth indicator ; Vietnam ; passenger-centric mobility ; door-to-door journey ; multimodal air transport ; social sustainability ; inclusive design ; air transport ; multimodal transport ; passenger service ; door-to-door transport ; simulation ; sustainable infrastructure ; sustainable transportation ; multimodality ; air traffic management (ATM) ; door-to-door (D2D) operations ; urban air mobility (UAM) ; U-space ; concept of operations (ConOps) ; intermodal transport ; passenger experience ; surface transport ; advanced air mobility (AAM) ; city logistics ; public acceptance ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 181
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: This reprint focuses on the recent progress on fractal and fractional methods in characterizing the physical and mechanical behaviors of geomaterials. Special attention is given to the fractal laws for contact networks/pore structures in soft and granular soils, numerical and theoretical aspects of fractional mechanics for geomaterial with local/nonlocal deformation, anomalous diffusion and conduction phenomena, among others.
    Keywords: nuclear magnetic resonance ; pore size distribution ; fractal dimension ; grain size ; calcareous sand ; quartz sand ; deformation conditions ; relative permeability coefficient ; air-entry value ; void ratio ; model ; saturated permeability coefficient ; maximum pore ; comprehensive proportionality constant ; fractional derivative ; fractional diffusion equation ; fractional advection–dispersion equation ; solute transport ; porous media ; soil–structure interaction ; fractional plasticity ; cyclic loads ; soil–rock mixture ; fractal theory ; particle distribution ; scale effect ; discrete element model ; particle size distribution ; critical state ; shear characteristic ; frozen–thawed soft clay ; fractal characteristics ; NMR ; pore structure ; artificial ground freezing ; laterally loaded piles ; cyclic loading ; unsaturated soil ; pile–soil interaction ; model tests ; particle image velocimetry ; anisotropic stress ; Hostun sand ; resonant column ; maximum shear modulus ; fines content ; equivalent granular void ratio ; hydraulic gradient ; random field ; hydraulic conductivity ; porosity ; concrete–rock ITZ ; permeability ; granular materials ; particle breakage ; relative density ; grading curve ; discrete element method ; ballast ; PSD evolution ; soft soil ; SEM ; microstructure ; cumulative strain ; effective particle diameter ; fractal entropy ; abstract interval ; hydraulic coefficient ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 182
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This book focuses on theoretical and practical developments in the performance of high-voltage transmission line against atmospheric pollution and icing. Modifications using suitable fillers are also pinpointed to improve silicone rubber insulation materials. Very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO) mitigation techniques, along with some suggestions for reliable partial discharge measurements under DC voltage stresses inside gas-insulated switchgears, are addressed. The application of an inductor-based filter for the protective performance of surge arresters against indirect lightning strikes is also discussed.
    Keywords: dynamic pollution model ; reference insulators ; insulator structure coefficient ; natural pollution tests ; finite element method ; partial discharge ; protrusion ; gas-insulated system ; HVDC ; SF6 ; synthetic air ; insulator ; pollution ; humidity ; equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD) ; non-soluble deposit density (NSDD) ; leakage current ; post-installation study ; double exponential function ; indirect lightning ; medium voltage transformer ; spark gap ; filtered surge arrester ; energy-controlled switch ; ice-covered insulator ; characteristics extraction ; image processing method ; median filtering method ; entropy threshold segmentation ; modified Canny operator ; region growth method ; icing degree ; gas-insulated substations ; VFTO ; EMF modeling ; transient ground potential rise ; polymeric material ; thermoplastic ; thermoset ; elastomer ; epoxy resin ; electrical properties ; mechanical properties ; high-voltage applications ; partial discharges ; textured insulator ; artificial clean fog test ; dry bands ; discharges ; partial arcs ; monitoring ; HVDC outdoor insulators ; silicone rubber ; fumed silica ; ground silica ; dry-band arcing ; erosion performance ; outdoor insulators ; transmission and distribution ; pollution performance ; tracking ; erosion resistance ; overhead power lines ; atmospheric icing ; power outage ; anti-icing ; de-icing ; line design ; passive devices ; coatings ; mechanical methods ; thermal methods ; composite crossarm ; pollution flashover characteristics ; core diameter ; hydrophobicity ; umbrella structure ; voltage gradient ; flashover ; inception voltage ; arc propagation ; finite element method (FEM) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 183
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This Special Issue focused on the "Technologies, Applications, and Assessments for Proper Sustainable Forest Operations (SFOs)". One of the main topics was to promote knowledge for future relations between forest logging, environmental protection, and management of forests in order to provide timber at reasonable costs and other ecosystem services, such as recreation and conservation as well as biodiversity. This Special Issue contains 12 original papers, some of them reporting the outcomes of long-time experiences, reviewed by international experts in forestry and forest operations engineering fields. This Special Issue aims to increase the knowledge concerning the SFOs, with practical implications at scientific and technical levels. This Special Issue collected a representative sample of the most recent papers on the subject, which come from many different countries and cover a variety of subjects, confirming the wide scope covered by the Sustainable Forest Operations topic.
    Keywords: forestry infrastructure ; supply mechanism ; game theory ; experimental economics ; skidding operation ; soil properties ; sustainable forest operation ; traffic intensity ; soil recovery ; forest operation ; skidding-winch ; forwarding ; soil resilience ; Mediterranean area ; agro-forestry operations ; poplar planting ; manual labor ; postural risk ; OWAS method ; sustainability ; reengineering ; improvement ; forestry ; forest residues ; climate change ; education ; GIS ; GNSS ; forwarder ; precision forestry ; sustainable forest operations ; cut-to-length ; soft soil ; soil protection ; rut depth ; TLS data ; LiDAR ; mastication ; SDI ; stand density index ; fuels ; random forest ; clearcut harvesting ; tree-length logging ; cable yarder ; time study technique ; efficiency ; forest operations ; machine operating trail ; midfield ; single-grip harvester ; tethering winch ; skidding productivity ; logging cost analysis ; harvesting site conditions ; restoration ; no-net-loss ; biodiversity conservation ; wood living species ; mining ; cost-efficiency ; boreal forest ; Sweden ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 184
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This special Issue aimed to collect the latest original research and reviews on the fundamentals and applications of any functional multiphase flow in microfluidics. There were 24 papers submitted to this Special Issue, and 15 papers were accepted. They address numerous topics, mainly on the motion characteristics of particles with different scales and shapes.
    Keywords: multiphase flow ; microfluidics ; nanofluidics ; emulsions ; droplets ; bubbles ; micromixing ; microswimmer ; particle manipulation&nbsp ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 185
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint is the printed edition of the Special Issue published in Materials. The reprint provides an overview on current international research activities in the field of advanced pulse laser machining technology. It covers fundamental and applied aspects and collects contributions of renowned scientists from academics and industries working in the fields of laser processing, materials science, physics, chemistry, and engineering in order to foster the current knowledge and present new ideas for future applications and new technologies.
    Keywords: multi-beam micromachining ; beam splitting ; invar ; shadow masks ; OLED ; nanosecond laser ; direct laser interference patterning ; design of experiments ; central composite design ; morphological filtering ; surface texture homogeneity ; micro structuring ; bearing steel ; dual laser beam processing ; excited state absorption ; semiconducting thin films ; stimulated emission depletion ; femtosecond laser ; silicon ; amorphization ; crystallization ; spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry ; transmission electron microscopy ; atomic force microscopy ; laser ablation ; ultrafast ; re-deposition ; fs-laser writing ; waveguides ; element redistribution ; Soret effect ; diffusion competition effects ; ultra-short pulses ; double pulses ; burst processing ; MHz bursts ; GHz bursts ; X-ray emission ; micromachining ; dose rate ; X-ray spectrum ; ultrafast laser ; laser ; ultrashort pulse ; plasma ; X-ray ; Bremsstrahlung ; resonance absorption ; burst ; bi-burst ; beam shaping ; squared top-hat ; fs-laser ; laser surface structuring ; laser-induced periodic surface structures ; micro-channels ; glass ; ultrafast laser processing ; Bessel beam ; X-ray emission hazards ; ultrashort pulsed laser ; radiation protection ; industrial applications ; protection housing ; ambient dose rate ; pulsed laser ; laser micromachining ; mechanical shutter ; solenoid shutter ; electro-optic modulator shutter ; opening time ; lifetime ; X-ray energies ; X-ray dose rate ; laser printing ; laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) ; digital manufacturing ; additive manufacturing ; printing of materials ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 186
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: This reprint captures recent advancements in the introduction, usage, and adoption of smart and digital disruptive technologies in the built environment. It consists of 17 chapters covering a range of topics and article types. The key topics include the adoption of smart technologies, automation, and disruption in the built environment, such as wearable devices and augmented reality in construction safety, electronic process monitoring for construction tasks, digital capture of buildings through point clouds, UAVs, and LIDAR, BIM for a learning environment, underground works and wood construction, collaborative information management technologies in construction, techniques for structural health monitoring and evaluation, construction risk management, inclusive walking communities, smart spin models for cities, landfill and waste management in cities, and circular economy in construction for sustainable development.
    Keywords: artificial intelligence ; building corrosion detection ; building damage detection ; civil infrastructure crack detection ; civil infrastructure inspection ; image processing ; machine learning ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; BIM ; BIM-enabled learning ; BIM education ; virtual learning environment ; AEC-FM ; underground works ; innovation ; common data environment ; wearable device ; bibliometric analysis ; construction safety ; CiteSpace ; LIDAR ; TLS ; UAV ; point cloud ; 3D modelling ; occupational risk prevention (ORP) ; collective protection elements (CPE) ; construction safety inspection ; augmented reality ; building information modeling (BIM) ; construction industry ; geographic information systems ; landfill site selection ; landfill site ranking ; remote sensing ; solid waste ; solid waste management ; causal loop diagram ; profitability-influencing risk factors ; profitability-influencing risk categories ; system dynamics ; systems thinking ; China Pakistan Economic Corridor ; host country attitude towards foreigners ; legal risk ; political risk ; project performance ; social safety risk ; construction supply chain ; collaborative technologies ; information complexity ; information management ; smart city industry ; industrial ecosystem ; spectrum ; penetration ; impact ; network ; input–output table ; new mega-subcontrolled structural system (MSCSS) ; steel plate shear wall (SPSW) ; infill panel ; plastic deformation ; nonlinear dynamic analysis ; energy dissipation ; circular economy ; sustainable development ; building information modelling (BIM) ; wood construction ; grounded theory ; electronic performance monitoring ; wearable devices ; process modelling ; multivariate statistical analysis ; inclusive city ; digital tool ; age-friendly ; walkability ; accessibility ; multi-criteria evaluation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 187
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This book introduces novel results on mathematical modelling, parameter identification, and automatic control for a wide range of applications of mechanical, electric, and mechatronic systems, where undesirable oscillations or vibrations are manifested. The six chapters of the book written by experts from international scientific community cover a wide range of interesting research topics related to: algebraic identification of rotordynamic parameters in rotor-bearing system using finite element models; model predictive control for active automotive suspension systems by means of hydraulic actuators; model-free data-driven-based control for a Voltage Source Converter-based Static Synchronous Compensator to improve the dynamic power grid performance under transient scenarios; an exact elasto-dynamics theory for bending vibrations for a class of flexible structures; motion profile tracking control and vibrating disturbance suppression for quadrotor aerial vehicles using artificial neural networks and particle swarm optimization; and multiple adaptive controllers based on B-Spline artificial neural networks for regulation and attenuation of low frequency oscillations for large-scale power systems. The book is addressed for both academic and industrial researchers and practitioners, as well as for postgraduate and undergraduate engineering students and other experts in a wide variety of disciplines seeking to know more about the advances and trends in mathematical modelling, control and identification of engineering systems in which undesirable oscillations or vibrations could be presented during their operation.
    Keywords: B-spline neural networks ; adaptive power system control ; coordinated multiple controllers ; StatCom ; exact plate theory ; thick plate ; bending vibration ; partial differential operator theory ; gauge condition ; data-driven control ; reactive power compensation ; STATCOM ; voltage control ; voltage source converter ; quadrotor UAV ; artificial neural networks ; robust control ; Taylor series ; B-splines ; particle swarm optimization ; active suspension ; model predictive control ; linear parameter varying ; ellipsoidal set ; attraction sets ; quadratic stability ; algebraic identification ; rotor-bearing system ; finite element model ; rotordynamic coefficients ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 188
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) is one of the most important techniques for determining the quality and safety of materials, components, devices, and structures. NDT&E technologies include ultrasonic testing (UT), magnetic particle testing (MT), magnetic flux leakage testing (MFLT), eddy current testing (ECT), radiation testing (RT), penetrant testing (PT), and visual testing (VT), and these are widely used throughout the modern industry. However, some NDT processes, such as those for cleaning specimens and removing paint, cause environmental pollution and must only be considered in limited environments (time, space, and sensor selection). Thus, NDT&E is classified as a typical 3D (dirty, dangerous, and difficult) job. In addition, NDT operators judge the presence of damage based on experience and subjective judgment, so in some cases, a flaw may not be detected during the test. Therefore, to obtain clearer test results, a means for the operator to determine flaws more easily should be provided. In addition, the test results should be organized systemically in order to identify the cause of the abnormality in the test specimen and to identify the progress of the damage quantitatively.
    Keywords: composites ; multi-scale ; embedded damage ; non-destructive testing ; photoacoustic ; ultrasonic representation ; terahertz ; coded-aperture imaging ; convolution neural network (CNN) ; fast image reconstruction ; nondestructive evaluation ; acoustic nonlinearity parameter ; indirect method ; laser ultrasound ; fully non-contact ; surface acoustic wave ; UWB-PPM ; UWB-OOK ; buried objects ; nondestructive environment ; Levenberg–Marquardt method ; textured surface anomaly detection ; computer vision ; deep learning ; attention mechanism ; adaptive fusion ; power quality disturbances ; long short term memory ; convolutional neural network ; short time Fourier transform ; leaky Lamb wave ; semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) ; waveguide sensor ; finite-width plate ; waveguide plate ; width modes ; spatial beating ; Rayleigh–Sommerfeld integral (RSI) ; weld cracks ; eddy current nondestructive testing ; gradiently relative magnetic permeability ; heat affected zone ; austenitic stainless steel ; circulating fluidized bed combustion boiler ; water-cooled wall tube ; magnetic sensor array ; magnetic flux density ; flexible ultrasonic probe ; neutron irradiation embrittlement ; reactor pressure vessel ; magnetic nondestructive evaluation ; micromagnetic multiparameter microstructure and stress analysis 3MA ; magnetic adaptive testing ; 3D imaging of metal grains ; non-destructive testing methods ; stacking images ; SA106 carbon steel ; terahertz waves ; refractive index ; thickness measurement ; Shim stock films ; composite materials ; reflection mode ; neutron radiography ; Bragg-edge imaging ; gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) ; low transformation temperature (LTT) steel ; austenite-to-martensite transformation ; Debye–Waller factor ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 189
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: This book captures advancements in the applications of computational intelligence (artificial intelligence, machine learning, etc.) to problems in the mineral and mining industries. The papers present the state of the art in four broad categories: mine operations, mine planning, mine safety, and advances in the sciences, primarily in image processing applications. Authors in the book include both researchers and industry practitioners.
    Keywords: truck dispatching ; mining equipment uncertainties ; orebody uncertainty ; discrete event simulation ; Q-learning ; grinding circuits ; minerals processing ; random forest ; decision trees ; machine learning ; knowledge discovery ; variable importance ; mineral prospectivity mapping ; random forest algorithm ; epithermal gold ; unstructured data ; blast impact ; empirical model ; mining ; fragmentation ; mine worker fatigue ; random forest model ; health and safety management ; stockpiles ; operational data ; mine-to-mill ; geostatistics ; ore control ; mine optimization ; digital twin ; modes of operation ; geological uncertainty ; multivariate statistics ; partial least squares regression ; oil sands ; bitumen extraction ; bitumen processability ; mine safety and health ; accidents ; narratives ; natural language processing ; random forest classification ; hyperspectral imaging ; multispectral imaging ; dimensionality reduction ; neighbourhood component analysis ; artificial intelligence ; mining exploitation ; masonry buildings ; damage risk analysis ; Bayesian network ; Naive Bayes ; Bayesian Network Structure Learning (BNSL) ; rock type ; mining geology ; bluetooth beacon ; classification and regression tree ; gaussian naïve bayes ; k-nearest neighbors ; support vector machine ; transport route ; transport time ; underground mine ; tactical geometallurgy ; data analytics in mining ; ball mill throughput ; measurement while drilling ; non-additivity ; coal ; petrographic analysis ; macerals ; image analysis ; semantic segmentation ; convolutional neural networks ; point cloud scaling ; fragmentation size analysis ; structure from motion ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 190
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Connected intelligent sensing reshapes our society by empowering people with increasing new ways of mutual interactions. As integration technologies keep their scaling roadmap, the horizon of sensory applications is rapidly widening, thanks to myriad light-weight low-power or, in same cases even self-powered, smart devices with high-connectivity capabilities. CMOS integrated circuits technology is the best candidate to supply the required smartness and to pioneer these emerging sensory systems. As a result, new challenges are arising around the design of these integrated circuits and systems for sensory applications in terms of low-power edge computing, power management strategies, low-range wireless communications, integration with sensing devices. In this Special Issue recent advances in application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) and systems for smart sensory applications in the following five emerging topics: (I) dedicated short-range communications transceivers; (II) digital smart sensors, (III) implantable neural interfaces, (IV) Power Management Strategies in wireless sensor nodes and (V) neuromorphic hardware.
    Keywords: wake-up receiver ; digital controller ; reliability ; electronic toll collection (ETC) system ; dedicated short range communication (DSRC) ; temperature compensation ; piezoresistive ; pressure sensor ; negative temperature coefficient ; ACE-Q100 ; CMOS ; epilepsy ; seizure ; multichannel neural recording ; feature extraction ; closed-loop neurostimulator ; low-power ; low-noise amplifier ; implantable medical device ; switched capacitor ; voltage converter ; wide load range ; multiphase operation ; variable frequency ; integrated circuits ; EEPROM reprogrammable fuses ; memory cells ; trimming techniques with fuses ; digital temperature sensor ; temperature sensor with digital serial interface ; asynchronous control logic ; successive approximation register (SAR) ; wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) ; low power consumption ; capacitive digital to analog converter (CDAC) ; CMOS neural amplifier ; AC coupling ; pseudoresistor ; nonlinear distortion ; area-efficient design ; sensor node ; power mode ; wireless sensor networks ; power management ; spiking neural network ; leaky integrate and fire ; neuromorphic ; artificial neural networks ; artificial intelligence ; image classification ; capacitance-to-digital converter ; iterative-delay-chain discharge ; CMOS capacitive sensor interface ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 191
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Today, the flow of electricity is bidirectional, and not all electricity is centrally produced in large power plants. With the growing emergence of prosumers and microgrids, the amount of electricity produced by sources other than large, traditional power plants is ever-increasing. These alternative sources include photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), geothermal, and biomass renewable generation plants. Some renewable energy resources (solar PV and wind turbine generation) are highly dependent on natural processes and parameters (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, solar irradiation, humidity, etc.). Thus, the outputs are so stochastic in nature. New data-science-inspired real-time solutions are needed in order to co-develop digital twins of large intermittent renewable plants whose services can be globally delivered.
    Keywords: self-healing grid ; machine-learning ; feature extraction ; event detection ; optimization techniques ; manta ray foraging optimization algorithm ; multi-objective function ; radial networks ; optimal power flow ; automatic P2P energy trading ; Markov decision process ; deep reinforcement learning ; deep Q-network ; long short-term delayed reward ; inter-area oscillations ; modal analysis ; reduced order modeling ; dynamic mode decomposition ; machine learning ; artificial neural networks ; steady-state security assessment ; situation awareness ; cellular computational networks ; load flow prediction ; contingency ; fuzzy system ; change detection ; data analytics ; data mining ; filtering ; optimization ; power quality ; signal processing ; total variation smoothing ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 192
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: The second volume of the book contains the manuscripts that were accepted for publication in the MDPI Special Topic "Cyber Security and Critical Infrastructure" after a rigorous peer-review process. Authors from academia, government and industry contributed their innovative solutions, consistent with the interdisciplinary nature of cybersecurity. The book contains 16 articles, including an editorial that explains the current challenges, innovative solutions and real-world experiences that include critical infrastructure and 15 original papers that present state-of-the-art innovative solutions to attacks on critical systems.
    Keywords: Cybersecurity ; critical Infrastructures ; privacy preservation ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 193
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: The recent successes of machine learning, especially regarding systems based on deep neural networks, have encouraged further research activities and raised a new set of challenges in understanding and designing complex machine learning algorithms. New applications require learning algorithms to be distributed, have transferable learning results, use computation resources efficiently, convergence quickly on online settings, have performance guarantees, satisfy fairness or privacy constraints, incorporate domain knowledge on model structures, etc. A new wave of developments in statistical learning theory and information theory has set out to address these challenges. This Special Issue, "Machine Learning and Information Theory", aims to collect recent results in this direction reflecting a diverse spectrum of visions and efforts to extend conventional theories and develop analysis tools for these complex machine learning systems.
    Keywords: supervised classification ; independent and non-identically distributed features ; analytical error probability ; empirical risk ; generalization error ; K-means clustering ; model compression ; population risk ; rate distortion theory ; vector quantization ; overfitting ; information criteria ; entropy ; model-based clustering ; merging mixture components ; component overlap ; interpretability ; time series prediction ; finite state machines ; hidden Markov models ; recurrent neural networks ; reservoir computers ; long short-term memory ; deep neural network ; information theory ; local information geometry ; feature extraction ; spiking neural network ; meta-learning ; information theoretic learning ; minimum error entropy ; artificial general intelligence ; closed-loop transcription ; linear discriminative representation ; rate reduction ; minimax game ; fairness ; HGR maximal correlation ; independence criterion ; separation criterion ; pattern dictionary ; atypicality ; Lempel–Ziv algorithm ; lossless compression ; anomaly detection ; information-theoretic bounds ; distribution and federated learning ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 194
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Information is key, which means that measurements are key. For this reason, this book provides unique insight into state-of-the-art research works regarding optical measurement systems. Optical systems are fast and precise, and the ongoing challenge is to enable optical principles for in-process measurements. Presented within this book is a selection of promising optical measurement approaches for real-world applications.
    Keywords: speckle photography ; in-process measurement ; deep rolling process ; generalized phase shifting interferometry ; dual-aperture common-path interferometer ; real-time optical instrumentation ; optomechatronic systems ; electrical steel ; optical coherence tomography ; OCT ; scanning ; process monitoring ; laser material processing ; spot compensation ; low coherence interferometry ; LCI ; wind lidar ; Doppler lidar ; bistatic ; metrology ; traceability ; wind energy ; meteorology ; diffraction grating ; grating pitch ; mode-locked femtosecond laser ; laser diffraction ; diffraction equation ; measurement uncertainty analysis ; image processing ; pattern recognition ; wind energy turbines ; turbulence wedges ; coherence scanning interferometry ; in-process application ; Mirau interferometer ; vibration compensation ; interferometric distance sensor ; optical path length modulation ; oscillating reference mirror ; hairpin ; laser welding ; semantic segmentation ; dilated convolution ; sdu-net ; spatter detection ; quality assurance ; fast prediction time ; in situ measurement ; optical metrology ; quality control ; interferometry ; fringe projection ; computational shear interferometry ; coherence function ; structure function ; additive manufacturing ; medium voltage switchgear ; SF6 alternatives ; UV-Vis spectroscopy ; gas mixing modeling ; multicomponent diffusion analysis ; explosion ; coal dust ; methane ; explosion suppression ; spectral characteristics ; explosion pressure ; radiation intensity ; free radicals ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 195
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: With the announcement of the European Green Deal, which defines a set of policy initiatives aimed at achieving a 50–55% reduction in carbon emissions by 2030 and making Europe climate neutral in 2050, the challenge of energy transition becomes even more critical. The transformation of national energy systems towards sustainability is progressing throughout all Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, yet the goals and results are different. Most EU Member States have made substantial progress towards meeting their long-term commitments of emissions reductions. However, some bloc members have struggled to meet their obligations. An effective energy transition requires the introduction of appropriately designed policy instruments and of robust economic analyses that ensure the best possible outcomes at the lowest costs for society. In this context, this Special Issue aims to bring into the discussion the challenges that CEE countries have to face and overcome while undergoing energy transition.
    Keywords: climate change ; food security ; grand challenges ; multiple factor analysis ; regional studies ; renewable energy ; sustainable development goals ; support systems ; energy policy ; cogeneration ; capacity market ; individual cogeneration premium ; trade globalization ; financial globalization ; CO2 emissions ; real GDP per capita ; bootstrap panel Granger causality ; EU transition economies ; photovoltaics ; renewable energy sources ; “My Electricity” ; renewable energy policy ; Poland ; “Mój Prąd” ; grant ; renewable energy grants ; renewable energy support ; economic appraisal ; social discount rate ; Ramsey formula ; consumption rate of interest ; social opportunity cost ; renewable energy sources (RES) ; green energy transformation ; sustainable development ; energy cooperatives ; coopetition ; Renewable Energy Communities ; management ; households ; energy consumption ; platform ; EU ETS ; CO2 ; emissions trading ; energy companies from Central and Eastern Europe ; decarbonisation ; energy transition ; low-carbon technology ; climate and energy policy ; indicators ; biomass ; electric vehicle ; electromobility ; energy balance ; efficiency engines ; clustering ; charging stations ; data analysis ; hydrogen cells ; energy law ; customer preferences ; electric car ; PHEV ; driving technique ; limestone sorbents ; flue gas desulphurisation ; FGD gypsum ; coal-fired power plants ; climate policy ; capacity adequacy ; linear programming ; COVID-19 pandemic ; lockdown ; electricity demand profiles ; Polish energy mix ; energy transition in Poland ; social acceptance ; carbon emissions ; fleet electrification ; sustainable mobility ; fleet management ; energy mix ; onshore wind ; risk assessment ; cash-flows ; discount rate ; cost of capital ; cost of equity ; district heating ; decarbonization ; energy efficiency ; Hubgrade ; remuneration mechanism ; power generation ; new investments ; combined heat and power ; optimization ; thermal energy storage ; uncertainty ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 196
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Animal production (e.g., milk, meat, and eggs) provides valuable protein production for human beings and animals. However, animal production is facing several challenges worldwide such as environmental impacts and animal welfare/health concerns. In animal farming operations, accurate and efficient monitoring of animal information and behavior can help analyze the health and welfare status of animals and identify sick or abnormal individuals at an early stage to reduce economic losses and protect animal welfare. In recent years, there has been growing interest in animal welfare. At present, sensors, big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence are used to improve management efficiency, reduce production costs, and enhance animal welfare. Although these technologies still have challenges and limitations, the application and exploration of these technologies in animal farms will greatly promote the intelligent management of farms. Therefore, this Special Issue will collect original papers with novel contributions based on technologies such as sensors, big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence to study animal behavior monitoring and recognition, environmental monitoring, health evaluation, etc., to promote intelligent and accurate animal farm management.
    Keywords: pig weight ; body size ; estimation ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; pig identification ; mask scoring R-CNN ; soft-NMS ; group-housed pigs ; audio ; dairy cow ; mastication ; jaw movement ; forage management ; precision livestock management ; equine behavior ; wearable sensor ; intermodality interaction ; class-balanced focal loss ; absorbing Markov chain ; cow behavior analysis ; prediction of calving time ; cow identification ; EfficientDet ; YOLACT++ ; cascaded model ; instance segmentation ; generative adversarial network ; machine learning ; automated medical image processing ; deep neural network ; animal science ; CT scans ; computer vision ; cow ; extensive livestock ; sensorized wearable device ; monitoring ; parturition prediction ; radar sensors ; radar signal processing ; animal farming ; computational ethology ; signal classification ; wavelet analysis ; dairy welfare ; hierarchical clustering ; mutual information ; precision livestock farming ; time budgets ; unsupervised machine learning ; wearables design ; animal-centered design ; animal telemetry ; modularity ; smart collar ; design contributions ; additive manufacturing ; low-frequency tracking ; commercial aviary ; laying hens ; false registrations ; tree-based classifier ; animal behaviour ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 197
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This book focuses on the modelling and the design process of gas bearings, on the experimental validation of such models, and on their applications. In particular, recent developments about foil bearings, aerostatic bearings, porous bearings, and non-contact precision positioning systems are shown.
    Keywords: aerostatic spindle ; fluid–structure interaction ; restrictor geometrical parameters ; structural dimension ; optimal design ; bump foil gas bearing ; thermo-hydrodynamic model ; temperature field ; thermal characteristics analysis ; foil bearing ; turbo machinery ; gas bearing ; industrial application ; air-bearing ; precision positioning ; tribotronics ; rotation accuracy ; roundness ; cylindricity ; dispersion coefficient ; gas bearings ; porous materials ; rotordynamics ; force coefficients ; aerostatic journal bearings ; porous bearing ; annular-thrust bearing ; numerical simulation ; finite element method ; dynamic coefficients ; eccentricity ; tilting ; tilting velocity ; partial arc ; PCB spindles ; dynamic identification ; logarithmic decrement method ; complex exponential method ; half-power method ; damping factor identification ; rigid rotor ; modal analysis ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 198
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This book presents 22 of the accepted presentations at the 1st International Electronic Conference on Algorithms which was held completely online from September 27 to October 10, 2021. It contains 16 proceeding papers as well as 6 extended abstracts. The works presented in the book cover a wide range of fields dealing with the development of algorithms. Many of contributions are related to machine learning, in particular deep learning. Another main focus among the contributions is on problems dealing with graphs and networks, e.g., in connection with evacuation planning problems.
    Keywords: bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 199
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: One of the great challenges of contemporary society is establishing a sustainable way of life in harmony with the environment without compromising economic growth and technological development. On the other hand, the increase in the world population has driven per capita consumption, and consequently, the generation of waste. Because of this, new materials are being developed from different types of waste. This Special Issue aims to highlight and share recent scientific findings in the area of “New Environmentally Friendly and Sustainable Materials” manufactured from different material types (polymers, ceramics, metallics, and composites) and urban, industrial, mining and agricultural wastes. Moreover, scientific topics such as improving performance and durability, materials characterization, hybrid materials, foams and porous materials, trends and advances, and mechanical, electrical, magnetic, optical, and thermal properties will also be accepted.
    Keywords: palygorskite ; adsorption ; anionic dye ; cationic dye ; water treatment ; perlite tailings ; aggregate ; alkali–silicate reaction ; ceramic residue ; alkaline activation ; experimental design ; durability tests ; kaolin ; solid residues ; pozzolanic activity ; cement mortar ; carbonation ; poly (lactic acid) ; high-density biopolyethylene ; bioblends ; compatibilization ; scheelite tailings ; sustainable ceramic mass ; red ceramic ; firing parameters ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 200
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: According to the National Research Council, the use of embedded systems throughout society could well overtake previous milestones in the information revolution. Mechatronics is the synergistic combination of electronic, mechanical engineering, controls, software and systems engineering in the design of processes and products. Mechatronic systems put “intelligence” into physical systems. Embedded sensors/actuators/processors are integral parts of mechatronic systems. The implementation of mechatronic systems is consistently on the rise. However, manufacturers are working hard to reduce the implementation cost of these systems while trying avoid compromising product quality. One way of addressing these conflicting objectives is through new automatic control methods, virtual sensing/estimation, and new innovative hardware topologies.
    Keywords: independent-wheel drive ; steering assistance ; nonlinear system ; active disturbance rejection control ; smooth road feeling ; city bus transport ; electric vehicles ; electrification ; software tool ; planning ; control ; charging management ; simulation ; analysis ; energy management ; hybrid electric vehicle ; powertrain electrification ; equivalent consumption minimization ; supercharging ; hardware-in-the-loop experiments ; driving force distribution ; decentralized traction system ; 4WD electric vehicle ; energy efficiency ; traction control ; efficiency optimization ; air mobility ; fuel cell hybrid aircraft ; stochastic optimal control ; drift counteraction optimal control ; normal force estimation ; unbiased minimum variance estimation ; controller output observer ; youla parameterization ; adaptive cruise control ; automated driving ; energy-saving ; fuel-saving ; optimal control ; passenger comfort ; new energy vehicles ; speed prediction ; macroscopic traffic model ; traffic big-data ; deep learning ; vehicle lateral dynamic and control ; unresolved issues ; application of speed prediction ; electric vehicle ; hybrid vehicle ; lithium ion ; ultracapacitor ; battery aging ; EHB ; EMB ; EWB ; system modeling ; bond graph ; optimization ; control design ; Youla parameterization ; robust control ; nonlinear optimization ; brake-by-wire ; actuator ; electro-mechanical brake ; electronic wedge brake ; electro-hydraulic brake ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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