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  • bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine  (1,154)
  • bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues  (828)
  • English  (1,805)
  • Portuguese  (164)
  • French  (14)
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  • 1
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    Electrospun and Electrosprayed Formulations for Drug Delivery (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: This book is comprised of important reviews and cutting-edge original research papers concerning electrospun and electrosprayed formulations in drug delivery. Electrospinning and electrospraying have, in recent years, attracted increasing attention in the pharmaceutical sector, with research in the area advancing rapidly. It is now possible to prepare extremely complex systems using multi-fluid processes, and to increase production rates to an industrial scale. Electrospun formulations can be produced under GMP conditions and are in clinical trials. In this volume, we explore a range of topics around electrospinning and electrospraying in controlled drug delivery. Four reviews cover the exciting potential of cyclodextrin-containing fibers and the many potential biomedical applications of electrospun fibers. The use of electrospinning to prepare amorphous systems and improve the dissolution rate and solubility of poorly soluble active ingredients is addressed, and the possibilities of such materials in tissue engineering are comprehensively covered. The six original research papers cover the effect of molecular properties on API release from Eudragit-based electrospun fibers; ferulic acid solid dispersions; electrospun medicines to treat psoriasis; scale up of electrospinning and its use to produce low-dose tablets; transepithelial permeation of drugs released from electrospun fibers, and the possibilities for the synergistic chemophotothermal treatment of cancer.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RM1-950 ; tissue engineering ; cyclodextrin ; permeability ; poly (vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) ; crystalline ; antibacterial ; drug delivery ; homogenization ; capsaicin ; combination therapy ; high-shear mixing ; cyclodextrin-inclusion complexes ; amorphous ; high-speed electrospinning ; PMVE/MA ; aqueous solubility enhancement ; sieve analysis ; Raman mapping ; Eudragit ; nanofibers ; psoriasis ; PCL ; essential oils ; parameters ; antibiotics ; xanthan gum ; carvedilol ; amorphous composite ; coaxial electrospinning ; insoluble drug ; NIR-triggered drug release ; fast dissolution ; electrospinning ; oral drug delivery ; electrospun nanofibers ; poly-cyclodextrin ; TRPV1 ; gallic acid ; solid dispersion ; photothermal therapy ; drug release ; applications ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Beverage Consumption Habits around the World: Association with Total Water and Energy Intakes (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Fluid intake has barely been assessed, and hydration status has only rarely been measured in epidemiological studies. This hampers attempts to assess the adequacy of water intake at a population level. However, although guidelines have been established to determine how much water humans require to avoid dehydration and to optimize physical and psychological function, limited data are available on the total water and beverages intake. Therefore, the percentage of population with inadequate water intake is unknown. There is a clear need for studies in different settings around the world that quantify total water and beverage intake and explore associations between types of beverages consumed and energy intake.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; Adequate hydration ; Beverages consumption ; Water and energy intake ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Innovation Ecosystems: A Sustainability Perspective (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: To be competitive, companies must develop capabilities that allow them to react rapidly to market demands. The innovation methods of the past are not adapted to the turbulence of the modern world. In the last decade, increasing globalization of markets and Industry 4.0 have caused profound changes in the best way to manage the innovation process. This e-book includes a collection of thirteen papers that discuss theoretical approaches, case studies, and surveys focused on issues related to open innovation and its mechanisms.
    Keywords: eco-innovation ; cleaner production ; strategy ; performance ; natural resource-based view ; stakeholder theory ; decision making ; forest management ; Nash Bayesian Equilibrium (NBE) ; Harsanyi’s Transformation (HT) ; risk management ; project management ; sustainability ; social network analysis ; collaborative networks ; project lifecycle ; project critical success factors ; open innovation ; predictive model ; project outcome likelihood ; organizational competencies ; innovation ecosystem ; evolutionary economics ; Panarchy ; resilience ; adaptation ; competitiveness ; innovation ; new products ; functional framework ; SIFSNPIP ; case studies ; ecosystem ; organic wine ; Tuscany ; virtual enterprise ; fuzzy logic ; systems engineering ; entrepreneurship ; technopreneurial intentions ; grand challenges ; innovation ecosystems ; mission-oriented innovation ; SDGs ; sustainable innovation ; systematic literature review ; SLR ; transformative innovation ; typology ; architecture engineering and construction (AEC) industry ; building information modelling (BIM) ; cultivation ; Technological Readiness Level ; smart farming ; viticulture ; lean ; business model canvas ; circular economy ; user integration ; cars ; electric vehicles ; biofuels ; logit models ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Advances and Trends in Mathematical Modelling, Control and Identification of Vibrating Systems (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This book introduces novel results on mathematical modelling, parameter identification, and automatic control for a wide range of applications of mechanical, electric, and mechatronic systems, where undesirable oscillations or vibrations are manifested. The six chapters of the book written by experts from international scientific community cover a wide range of interesting research topics related to: algebraic identification of rotordynamic parameters in rotor-bearing system using finite element models; model predictive control for active automotive suspension systems by means of hydraulic actuators; model-free data-driven-based control for a Voltage Source Converter-based Static Synchronous Compensator to improve the dynamic power grid performance under transient scenarios; an exact elasto-dynamics theory for bending vibrations for a class of flexible structures; motion profile tracking control and vibrating disturbance suppression for quadrotor aerial vehicles using artificial neural networks and particle swarm optimization; and multiple adaptive controllers based on B-Spline artificial neural networks for regulation and attenuation of low frequency oscillations for large-scale power systems. The book is addressed for both academic and industrial researchers and practitioners, as well as for postgraduate and undergraduate engineering students and other experts in a wide variety of disciplines seeking to know more about the advances and trends in mathematical modelling, control and identification of engineering systems in which undesirable oscillations or vibrations could be presented during their operation.
    Keywords: B-spline neural networks ; adaptive power system control ; coordinated multiple controllers ; StatCom ; exact plate theory ; thick plate ; bending vibration ; partial differential operator theory ; gauge condition ; data-driven control ; reactive power compensation ; STATCOM ; voltage control ; voltage source converter ; quadrotor UAV ; artificial neural networks ; robust control ; Taylor series ; B-splines ; particle swarm optimization ; active suspension ; model predictive control ; linear parameter varying ; ellipsoidal set ; attraction sets ; quadratic stability ; algebraic identification ; rotor-bearing system ; finite element model ; rotordynamic coefficients ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 5
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    Neuroimmune Interface in Health and Diseases (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: It is now well appreciated that the immune system, in addition to its traditional role in defending the organism against pathogens, communicate in a well-organized fashion with the brain to maintain homeostasis and regulate a set of neural functions. Perturbation in this brain-immune interactions due to inflammatory responses may lead to psychiatric and neurological disorders. Microglia are one of the essential cells involved in the brain-immune interactions. Microglial cells are now not simply regarded as resident tissue macrophages in the brain. These cells are derived from myeloid progenitor cells in the yolk sac in early gestation, travel to the brain parenchyma and interact actively with neurons during the critical period of neurogenesis. Microglia provide a trophic support to developing neurons and take part in the neural wiring through the activity-dependent synapse elimination via direct neuron-microglia interactions. Altered microglial functions including changes in the gene expression due to early life inflammatory events or psychological and environmental stressors can be causally related to neurodevelopmental diseases and mental health disorders. This type of alterations in the neural functions can occur in the absence of infiltration of inflammatory cells in the brain parenchyma or leptomeninges. In this sense, the pathogenetic state underlying a significant part of psychiatric and neurological diseases may be similar to “para-inflammation”, an intermediate state between homeostatic and classical inflammatory states as defined by Ruslan Medzhitov (Nature 454:428-35, 2008). Therefore, it is important to study how systemic inflammation affects brain health and how local peripheral inflammation induces changes in the brain microenvironment. Chronic pain is also induced by disturbance in otherwise well-organized multisystem interplay comprising of reciprocal neural, endocrine and immune interactions. Especially, early-life insults including exposure to immune challenges can alter the neuroanatomical components of nociception, which induces altered pain response later in life. Recently the discrete roles of microglia and blood monocyte-derived macrophages are being defined. The distinction may be further highlighted by disorders in which the brain parenchymal tissue is damaged. Therefore, studies investigating the dynamics of immune cells in traumatic brain injury and neurotropic viral infections including human immunodeficiency virus, etc. as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are promising to clarify the interplay between the central nervous and immune systems. The understanding of the histological architecture providing the infrastructure of such neuro-immune interplay is also essential. This Frontiers research topic brings together fourteen articles and aims to create a platform for researchers in the field of psychoneuroimmunology to share the recent theories, hypotheses and future perspectives regarding open questions on the mechanisms of cell-cell interactions with chemical mediators among the nervous, immune and endocrine systems. We hope that this platform would reveal the relevance of the studies on multisystem interactions to enhance the understanding of the mechanisms underlying a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC346-429 ; RC581-607 ; brain-immune interaction ; fatigue ; pain ; HIV ; neuroinflammation ; traumatic brain injury ; depression ; microglia ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; autism ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Organic Polymers for Encapsulation of Drugs, Food Ingredients and Agrochemicals (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This Reprint Book provides recent studies addressing encapsulation systems for active compounds (e.g., drugs and food ingredients) to improve the quality of life around the world. The content may be helpful for the colleagues and students working on encapsulation of active compounds.
    Keywords: carboxymethyl chitosan ; mangosteen ; deodorant ; skin moisturizing ; trans-2-nonenal ; accelerated stability test ; guava ; carotenoids ; microencapsulation ; mucilage ; spray-drying ; aloe vera ; Opuntia ficus-indica ; ar-turmerone ; polymeric nanoparticles ; anticancer activity ; release study ; biodegradable polymers ; apple fiber ; trehalose ; sucrose ; blackberry phenolics ; blackberry volatiles ; starch ; Bisphenol A ; Moringa leaf extract ; encapsulating Moringa leaf extract ; nanoparticles ; alginate ; chitosan ; Ib-M peptides ; E. coli ; peptide stability ; polyethylene glycol methacrylate ; oregano ; phenolic compounds ; nanoencapsulation ; bioaccessibility ; curcumin ; zebrafish embryogenesis ; oxidative stress ; neuroprotection ; PCL nanoparticles ; paraquat ; grafted microparticles ; sodium hyaluronate ; crosslinked microparticles ; metronidazole adsorption ; adsorption isotherm ; adsorption kinetics ; metronidazole release ; polyelectrolyte ; complex coacervate ; polyamine ; stimulus-responsive materials ; controlled release ; encapsulation ; hybrids ; clay ; sodium alginate ; rosemary essential oil ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 7
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    Recursos Críticos: história da cooperação técnica Opas-Brasil em recursos humanos para a saúde (1975-1988) (2021)
    SciELO Books - Editora FIOCRUZ
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Um livro valioso, que analisa com clareza o papel fundamental dos recursos humanos para a saúde e o desenvolvimento, bem como o contexto e o impacto da reforma sanitária e a relação entre as iniciativas internacionais, nacionais e locais em prol da mudança dos serviços de saúde. Além de examinar os antecedentes e os principais atores da área de recursos humanos e explicar com detalhes as negociações que visavam transformar em prioridade nacional a formação de recursos humanos e a distribuição dos trabalhadores de saúde no território, Recursos Críticos está apoiado em uma sólida pesquisa bibliográfica, testemunhos fascinantes e análise original, que fazem da obra uma contribuição significativa no campo da memória da saúde pública e uma ferramenta indicativa de perspectivas de futuro para trabalhadores na área da saúde. É uma pesquisa histórica de grande qualidade, voltada para a análise da cooperação Opas-Brasil, e um incentivo à realização de novos estudos sobre as interfaces entre a atuação de agências internacionais e os interesses nacionais, partindo do conceito de arenas ou espaços de negociação.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; Brasil ; Recursos humanos em saúde ; Planos e programas de saúde ; Cooperação técnica ; Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: Portuguese
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  • 8
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    Inhibiting PARP as a Strategic Target in Cancer (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) proteins are critical mediators of DNA repair. Many traditional anti-cancer chemotherapy agents overwhelm a cell’s ability to repair DNA damage in order to kill proliferating malignant cells. Recent evidence suggests that cancers within and across tissue types have specific defects in DNA repair pathways, and that these defects may predispose for sensitivity and resistance to various classes of cytotoxic agents. Breast, ovarian and other cancers develop in the setting of inherited DNA repair deficiency, and these cancers may be more sensitive to cytotoxic agents that induce DNA strand breaks, as well as to inhibitors of PARP activity. A series of recent clinical trials has tested whether PARP inhibitors can achieve synthetic lethality in hereditary DNA repair-deficient tumors. At the current time, mutation of BRCA serves as a potential, but not comprehensive, biomarker to predict response to PARP inhibitor therapy. Mechanisms of resistance to PARP inhibitors are only recently being uncovered. Future studies seek to identify sporadic cancers that harbor genomic instability rendering susceptibility to PARP inhibitors that compound lethal DNA damage.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC254-282 ; DNA reapir ; PARP inhibitor ; Homologous Recombination ; combination therapy ; DNA Damage ; Cancer ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 9
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    International Perspectives on Health and Safety Among Dairy Workers Challenges, Solutions and the Future (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: This e-book provides the insight into occupational health and safety problems, challenges and solutions of the dairy sector. Thirty-two authors have been sharing their results and knowledge reflecting the challenges from small scale farming up to industrial style. The worldwide trend of growing farm sizes and a reduction in numbers is one of the major drivers for the changes in the working environment. Musculoskeletal disorders are among the most prevalent health problems of people working on farms. Nevertheless mechanisation has not reduced the number of complaints, and new problems arise due to the changing working environment.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RA1-1270 ; immigrant workers ; Dairy farming ; OHS ; MSS ; MSD ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 10
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    From Ptolemaus to Copernicus: The Evolving System of Gluten-Related Disorder (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Gluten is the major protein of wheat and other cereals (rye and barley); it is responsible for triggering celiac disease (CD) in genetically predisposed individuals. Until a few years ago, CD was the major (if not the only) well-known gluten-related disorder. However, in recent years, it has become clear that gluten proteins may activate different pathological mechanisms, leading to a wide spectrum of human diseases, including non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), gluten ataxia, neuro-psychiatric disorders, and many others. Conceptually, we have therefore moved from a Ptolemaic to a Copernican system, i.e., CD is no longer the “center of the universe”, but is just one of the possible worlds of gluten intolerance. Many other gluten planets do indeed exist and deserve the attention of researchers and clinicians alike. Although different gluten-related disorders show specific epidemiological, pathophysiological, and clinical aspects, these conditions share a trigger and treatment: the gluten-free diet. For a very long time, awareness of these disorders has been limited and, therefore, the epidemiology of gluten-related disorders is still a “work in progress”. Current research strives to clarify the boundaries between these entities, their disease mechanisms, and how a proper diagnosis can be implemented.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; gluten-related disorders；celiac disease；gluten intolerance ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 11
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    Microglia in Health and Disease: A Unique Immune Cell Population (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Microglia are essential for the development and function of the adult brain. Their ontogeny, together with the absence of turnover from the periphery and the singular environment of the central nervous system (CNS), make microglia a unique cell population compared to other tissue-macrophages. The unique properties and functions of microglial cells, such as their role in synaptic pruning or the exceptional capacity to scan the brain parenchyma and rapidly react to its perturbations, have emerged in recent years. In the coming years, understanding how microglia acquire and maintain their unique profiles in order to fulfil distinct tasks in the healthy CNS and how these are altered in disease, will be essential to develop strategies to diagnose or treat CNS disorders with an immunological component. This Research Topic covers several aspects of microglial biology, ranging from their origin and the functional role of microglia during development and lifespan, their molecular properties compared with other brain and peripheral immune cells to microglial phenotypes and functional states in neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumours. In conclusion, the present Research Topic provides a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of several cellular and molecular mechanisms that make microglia a unique immune cell population within the healthy CNS as well as under inflammatory, neurodegenerative and tumorigenic processes.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC346-429 ; RC581-607 ; inflammation ; brain tumour ; neurodegeneration ; microglia ; ontogeny ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    The Global Race for Technological Superiority (2021)
    Ledizioni
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: This report published by ISPI and the Brookings Institution analyzes the challenges to international order posed by the ongoing race for technological superiority. From artificial intelligence and quantum computing to hypersonic weapons and new forms of cyber and electronic warfare, advances in technology have threatened to make the international security environment more unpredictable and volatile – yet the international community remains unprepared to assess and manage that risk. What is needed is a mature understanding of how technology has emerged as a key enabler of sovereignty in the XXI century, how the ongoing race for technological supremacy is disrupting the balance of power globally, and what the attendant strategic and security implications of those transformations will be. This report is an effort to that end.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 13
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    HLA-G-mediated Immune Tolerance: Past and New Outlooks (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The non-classical HLA class I molecule HLA-G is different from classical HLA class I molecules because of the low polymorphism in the coding region, the fact that HLA-G primary transcript is alternatively spliced in seven isoforms, and the inhibitory action on immune cells. Although HLA-G is low polymorphic, variants in both promoter and 3’ un-translated region (UTR) of HLA-G locus regulate its expression. In healthy conditions, a basal level of HLA-G gene transcription is observed in most cells and tissues; however, translation into HLA-G protein is restricted to trophoblasts in the placenta, where it participates in promoting tolerance at the fetal-maternal interface. HLA-G is also expressed by thymic epitelial, cornea, mesenchymal stem cells, nail matrix, pancreatic beta cells, erythroid, and endothelial precursors. HLA-G can be neo-expressed in adult tissues in pathological conditions, and its expression has been documented autoimmune disorders, viral infections, and cancer. In the latter setting de novo HLA-G expression is associated with the capability of tumor cells to evade the immune control. In the last decade it has become evident that HLA-G expression on T cells and antigenpresenting cells confers to these cells tolerogenic properties. This Research Topic focused on i) summarizing updated clinical and immunological evidences that HLA-G expression is associate with beneficial or detrimental tolerance, ii) gathering new insights into the mechanisms governing the expression of HLA-G in healthy and pathological conditions, such as pre-eclampsia, and iii) examining the mechanisms underlying HLA-G mediated tolerance.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; Pregnancy ; Autoimmunity ; Immuno-modulation ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Infections ; Exosomes ; HLA-G ; polymorphisms ; tolerance ; Cancer ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 14
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    Current Trends and Future Directions in Prosthetic and Implant Dentistry in the Digital Era (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Advancements in digital technologies are reshaping the world of dentistry, from prosthodontics to implant dentistry. Intraoral scanners, facial scanners, 3D printers, and milling machines have revolutionized the clinical approach and operative workflow in daily practice. However, digital dentistry brings several challenges to clinicians due to the rapid evolution of new technologies and the lack of evidence-based guidelines for their correct use. The aim of this Special Issue is to cover the latest advances in the development and application of digital technologies in prosthetic and implant dentistry. We wish to provide both clinicians and researchers with a comprehensive and up-to-date source of information on current trends, limitations, and potential future applications of digital technologies in daily clinical practice.
    Keywords: dental implants ; digital impression ; intraoral scanner ; CAD/CAM materials ; toothbrushing wear ; surface ; roughness ; surface integrity ; alveolar remodeling ; tooth extraction ; intraoral digital scanning ; imaging superimposition ; less traumatic surgery ; socket healing ; implantology ; computer-aided surgery ; image-guided surgery ; zygomatic implants ; navigation system ; dental implant ; bone level ; prospective study ; sub-crestal placement ; emergence profile ; guided surgery ; digital workflow ; stereolithographic surgical guide ; accuracy ; CAD–CAM ; DICOM–STL ; static guided surgery ; clinical study ; intraoral scanners ; digital dentistry ; impression techniques ; full-arch impression ; elderly population ; dimensional measurement accuracy ; implant scan ; operator ; precision ; scan area ; trueness ; occlusion ; overloading ; complications ; implant-supported restorations ; marginal bone loss ; oral implantology ; intraoral scan ; cone-beam computed tomography ; oral surgery ; emergence angle ; retrospective study ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    COVID-19: Current Status and Future Prospects (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, and the disease now affects nearly every country and region. Nearly 18 months later, COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, continues to present significant challenges to health systems, public health, and the economy of countries across both hemispheres. The morbidity and mortality of the infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been significant, and various waves of disease outbreaks initially overwhelmed hospitals and clinics in many countries and continue to do so. This influences everyone, and public health countermeasures have been dramatic in terms of their impact on employment, social systems, and mental health. This Special Issue collection follows on from the Special Issue “COVID-19: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives” and provides an avenue for authors from various disciplines to provide feedback on the response to and our future global preparedness for COVID-19, as well as to disseminate critical information about SARS-CoV-2 and the associated COVID-19 pandemic.
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; new-onset DM ; severe infection ; mortality ; outbreak ; P.1 variant ; Gamma variant ; SARS-CoV-2 infection ; whole-genome sequencing ; pandemic ; overweight ; obesity ; Peru ; psychological impacts ; public health ; preparedness ; mRNA-1273 ; BNT162b2 ; TAK-919 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; post-vaccination ; healthcare personnel ; vaccination ; asymptomatic infection ; HIV ; infectious disease ; excess mortality ; regdanvimab ; remdesivir ; severe ; community transmission ; population density gradient ; Dhaka ; Bangladesh ; dengue ; undifferentiated febrile illness ; antigen testing ; variants ; reinfections ; breakthrough infections ; vaccine hesitancy ; sub-Saharan Africa ; pulmonary fibrosis ; postacute COVID-19 syndrome ; tuberculosis ; helminth coinfection ; coronavirus ; coordination ; health operations and technical expertise ; AFRO ; diarrhea ; liver ; pancreas ; inflammatory bowel diseases ; liver transplantation ; reproduction rate ; phylogenetic analysis ; clade GK ; D614G ; P681R ; cross-reactivity ; haemorrhage ; thrombocytopenia ; thrombosis ; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) ; molecular diagnostics ; real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) ; economy ; income levels ; waves ; policy ; turning points ; occupational exposure ; risk factors ; personal protective equipment ; SIR model ; socio-behavioral aspects ; interaction distance ; school reopening strategy ; self-medication ; over-the-counter ; medicine use ; Pakistan ; clinical features ; Luanda ; Angola ; socioeconomic status ; risk perception ; risk prevention practices ; qualitative ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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  • 16
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    Novel Approaches for Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) is one of the most important techniques for determining the quality and safety of materials, components, devices, and structures. NDT&E technologies include ultrasonic testing (UT), magnetic particle testing (MT), magnetic flux leakage testing (MFLT), eddy current testing (ECT), radiation testing (RT), penetrant testing (PT), and visual testing (VT), and these are widely used throughout the modern industry. However, some NDT processes, such as those for cleaning specimens and removing paint, cause environmental pollution and must only be considered in limited environments (time, space, and sensor selection). Thus, NDT&E is classified as a typical 3D (dirty, dangerous, and difficult) job. In addition, NDT operators judge the presence of damage based on experience and subjective judgment, so in some cases, a flaw may not be detected during the test. Therefore, to obtain clearer test results, a means for the operator to determine flaws more easily should be provided. In addition, the test results should be organized systemically in order to identify the cause of the abnormality in the test specimen and to identify the progress of the damage quantitatively.
    Keywords: composites ; multi-scale ; embedded damage ; non-destructive testing ; photoacoustic ; ultrasonic representation ; terahertz ; coded-aperture imaging ; convolution neural network (CNN) ; fast image reconstruction ; nondestructive evaluation ; acoustic nonlinearity parameter ; indirect method ; laser ultrasound ; fully non-contact ; surface acoustic wave ; UWB-PPM ; UWB-OOK ; buried objects ; nondestructive environment ; Levenberg–Marquardt method ; textured surface anomaly detection ; computer vision ; deep learning ; attention mechanism ; adaptive fusion ; power quality disturbances ; long short term memory ; convolutional neural network ; short time Fourier transform ; leaky Lamb wave ; semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) ; waveguide sensor ; finite-width plate ; waveguide plate ; width modes ; spatial beating ; Rayleigh–Sommerfeld integral (RSI) ; weld cracks ; eddy current nondestructive testing ; gradiently relative magnetic permeability ; heat affected zone ; austenitic stainless steel ; circulating fluidized bed combustion boiler ; water-cooled wall tube ; magnetic sensor array ; magnetic flux density ; flexible ultrasonic probe ; neutron irradiation embrittlement ; reactor pressure vessel ; magnetic nondestructive evaluation ; micromagnetic multiparameter microstructure and stress analysis 3MA ; magnetic adaptive testing ; 3D imaging of metal grains ; non-destructive testing methods ; stacking images ; SA106 carbon steel ; terahertz waves ; refractive index ; thickness measurement ; Shim stock films ; composite materials ; reflection mode ; neutron radiography ; Bragg-edge imaging ; gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) ; low transformation temperature (LTT) steel ; austenite-to-martensite transformation ; Debye–Waller factor ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 17
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    Physical Metallurgy of Metals and Alloys (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This reprint focuses on both advanced metals and their alloys and the areas of physical and process metallurgy, materials science, and processing techniques. Specific areas of interest also include titanium/nickel-based superalloys, intermetallics, advanced metallic materials, nanomaterials, metal matrix composites, functional materials, related synthesis and processing techniques, finite element modelling, statistical analysis, physical/mechanical property characterization, experimental validation, and other relevant phenomena. Physical metallurgy is important in the design and optimization of advanced materials with superior physical and mechanical properties through microstructural modifications and processing techniques. The goal of reprint was to bring together recent progress, novel technologies, and advanced equipment for the design and development of advanced metals and alloys and provide guidelines/benchmarks for further research in related areas. Composites, intermetallics, and nanomaterials as well as functional materials will be also included. Some of the recent advances in the field of advanced metals and alloys include novel material processing techniques, manufacturing methods and theories, microstructural characterization, modelling development, and advanced equipment. Conventional and nonconventional processes related to machining, forming, laser processing, additive/subtractive manufacturing, surface modification, and the solidification of high-performance alloys/metals are also included.
    Keywords: Fe-rich Al–Si alloy ; β-Al5FeSi phase ; cooling rate ; melt spinning ; microstructure ; strengthening mechanisms ; Zn-Mg-Ti alloy ; biodegradable metals ; mechanical properties ; cytotoxicity ; Fe-B-W alloy ; manganese ; aluminum ; molten zinc ; microanalysis ; corrosion ; hydrogenated–dehydrogenated titanium powder ; laser directed energy deposition ; mechanical property ; radio frequency plasma technique ; high entropy alloy ; bulk metallic glass ; similar element substitution/addition ; glass forming ability ; lattice distortion ; sapphire ; surface metallization ; deposition mechanism ; wettability ; low-temperature joining ; silver alloy bonding wire ; bonding strength ; vulcanization resistance ; cathodic passivation ; Mg–Nd alloy ; precipitate ; eutectic growth ; modelling and simulation ; recrystallization ; microstructure-property characterization simulation and modeling ; heat treatment and surface treatment ; TC4 alloy ; EBCHM ; aging treatment ; glass-forming ability ; corrosion behavior ; amorphous alloy ; phase transformation ; mechanical behavior ; corrosion wear resistance ; gear grinding ; white layer ; grinding temperature ; surface integrity ; AlSi10Mg alloy ; friction stir processing ; grain boundary ; texture ; dynamic recrystallization ; silver wire ; wire bonding ; chloride ions ; ion migration ; galvanic corrosion ; Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloys ; grain size ; solution treatment ; microalloying ; microstructural evolution ; laser-powder bed fusion ; MgAl2O4 ; TiB2 ; metallothermic reduction ; SHS powder metallurgy ; combustion wave propagation ; HSLA steel ; microstructural characterization ; laser welding ; thick plate ; corrosion resistance ; high entropy alloys ; lightweight ; magnesium alloys ; ultrasound treatment ; solution ; aging ; Mg17Al12 ; converter ; vortex ; flow field analysis ; numerical simulation ; steel ball ; skew rolling ; cold forming ; stainless steel ; copper–scandium CuSc ; copper alloy ; differential scanning calorimetry DSC ; precipitation kinetics ; cold-working ; cold-rolling ; activation energy ; Kissinger method ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Time-dependent spectrum analysis of high power gyrotrons (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: In this work, a novel measurement system for the analysis of the gyrotron RF output spectrum was developed. It enables unprecedented time dependent measurements within a large bandwidth, dynamic range and unambiguous RF indication in the entire D-Band (110-170 GHz). Special attention was given to the investigation of parasitic RF oscillations, and the analysis of the interplay of thermal cavity expansion and ionization-based space charge neutralization at the start of long RF pulses.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; spectrum analysis ; Mikrowellenmesstechnik ; millimeter waves ; Gyrotron ; Spektralanalyse ; Millimeterwellen ; microwave measurement techniques ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    Advances in Computational Intelligence Applications in the Mining Industry (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: This book captures advancements in the applications of computational intelligence (artificial intelligence, machine learning, etc.) to problems in the mineral and mining industries. The papers present the state of the art in four broad categories: mine operations, mine planning, mine safety, and advances in the sciences, primarily in image processing applications. Authors in the book include both researchers and industry practitioners.
    Keywords: truck dispatching ; mining equipment uncertainties ; orebody uncertainty ; discrete event simulation ; Q-learning ; grinding circuits ; minerals processing ; random forest ; decision trees ; machine learning ; knowledge discovery ; variable importance ; mineral prospectivity mapping ; random forest algorithm ; epithermal gold ; unstructured data ; blast impact ; empirical model ; mining ; fragmentation ; mine worker fatigue ; random forest model ; health and safety management ; stockpiles ; operational data ; mine-to-mill ; geostatistics ; ore control ; mine optimization ; digital twin ; modes of operation ; geological uncertainty ; multivariate statistics ; partial least squares regression ; oil sands ; bitumen extraction ; bitumen processability ; mine safety and health ; accidents ; narratives ; natural language processing ; random forest classification ; hyperspectral imaging ; multispectral imaging ; dimensionality reduction ; neighbourhood component analysis ; artificial intelligence ; mining exploitation ; masonry buildings ; damage risk analysis ; Bayesian network ; Naive Bayes ; Bayesian Network Structure Learning (BNSL) ; rock type ; mining geology ; bluetooth beacon ; classification and regression tree ; gaussian naïve bayes ; k-nearest neighbors ; support vector machine ; transport route ; transport time ; underground mine ; tactical geometallurgy ; data analytics in mining ; ball mill throughput ; measurement while drilling ; non-additivity ; coal ; petrographic analysis ; macerals ; image analysis ; semantic segmentation ; convolutional neural networks ; point cloud scaling ; fragmentation size analysis ; structure from motion ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Smart Composites and Processing (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This Special Issue covers manufacturing of a smart polymer composites via choice of ingredients, such as polymer, filler, and additives, as well as their unique composition. It also covers the smart processing of polymer composites, which is influenced by the choice of mixers, processing condition, processing technique, etc.
    Keywords: thermoplastic polyurethane ; expanded bead ; supercritical CO2 foaming ; expansion ratio ; resilience ; hardness ; poly(lactic acid) ; lignin ; maleic anhydride ; chemical modification ; 3D printing filament ; SEBS ; membrane ; water uptake ; impedance spectroscopy ; ionic conductivity ; phlogopite ; natural rubber (NR) ; ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM) ; mechanical properties ; compatibility ; nylon 6 ; polyketone ; chain extender ; hydrogen bonding ; chain branching ; chain crosslinking ; melt viscosity ; shape memory polymer ; NIR light responsive ; semicrystalline maleated polyolefin elastomer ; polyaniline ; melt blending ; adhesive ; fluorosilicone ; thermal conductivity ; magnesium oxide ; boron nitride ; syntactic foams ; hyperbranched polymer ; polyamide 6 ; hollow glass microsphere ; lubricant ; compatibilizer ; composites ; silica ; silane ; hydrolysis ; interfacial adhesion ; zinc mechanism ; hybrid flame retardant materials ; influence of gypsum ; minimum total heat release ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy of Epilepsy (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders and is characterized by recurrent seizures resulting from abnormal neuronal excitability in the central nervous system. Despite the availability of thirty-six antiseizure medications, about one-third of patients with epilepsy do not respond to the pharmacological treatment and develop a so-called “pharmaco-resistant epilepsy” or “refractory epilepsy.” Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel, effective therapies based on novel mechanisms underlying neuronal excitability that leads to seizures. This reprint’s original research papers and review articles highlight unknown mechanisms underlying pharmaco-resistant resistant epilepsy, epileptogenesis, and seizure suppression.
    Keywords: 3CAI ; GRIA1 ; GRIA2 ; intractable epilepsy ; PICK1 ; protein kinase C ; pericytes ; mural cells ; cytokine ; blood-brain barrier ; neuroinflammation ; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 ; AKT ; cyclosporin A ; GluA1 ; GluR1 ; PDK1 ; refractory seizure ; temporal lobe epilepsy ; hippocampus ; 4-aminopyridine ; epilepsy model ; long-term potentiation ; AMPA receptor ; audiogenic epilepsy ; rodents ; fear reaction ; behavior genetics ; c-Fos ; early gene activation ; epileptogenesis ; lipopolysaccharide ; pentylenetetrazole ; post-traumatic epilepsy ; seizure susceptibility ; traumatic brain injury ; epilepsy ; ghrelin ; ghrelin receptor ; anxiety ; TRPV1 channels ; neuronal activity ; neuropsychiatric comorbidity ; immunofluorescence ; audiogenic kindling ; acoustically evoked seizures ; EACT ; generalized tonic-clonic seizures ; inherited epilepsy ; TMEM1A channels ; wild running seizures ; astrocyte ; ML365 ; pharmacoresistant epilepsy ; cortical atrophy ; hippocampal atrophy ; intracerebral electrode ; magnetic resonance imaging ; posttraumatic epilepsy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Cross Talk between Lymph Node Lymphatic Endothelial Cells and T Cells in Inflammation and Cancer (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Lymphocytes constantly survey the lymph nodes in search for potential infection by a pathogen. They enter the afferent lymphatic vessel that serves as a conduit to transport the motile lymphocytes to the draining lymph node. Lymphatic vessels (LVs) are present in most vascularized tissues. They are traditionally regarded as passive conduits for soluble antigens and leukocytes. Afferent LVs begin as blind ended capillaries, which give rise to collecting vessels that merge and connect with draining lymph nodes (dLNs). Initial lymphatic capillaries are composed of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells (LECs) connected by discontinuous cell junctions, which join to form larger collecting lymphatic vessels, and ultimately feed into the LN subcapsular sinus. Within the LN, LECs are localized to the subcapsular, cortical, and medullary sinuses, where they interact with incoming and exiting leukocytes. LECs, and in general LN stromal cells, have emerged in the recent years as active players in the immune response. In support to this,studies have shown that the immune response generated during inflammation and under pathologic conditions is accompanied by modeling of the LVs and generation of new lymphatics, a process known as lymphangiogenesis. These facts strongly suggest that LECs and stromal LN cells in general, are not inert players but rather are part of the immune response by organizing immune cells movement, exchanging information and supplying survival factors. The purpose of this research topic is to review the role of the LECs during immune homeostasis and cancer. Considering the critical role of lymphangiogenesis in many pathologies like chronic and acute inflammation, autoimmunity, wound healing, graft rejection, and tumor metastasis, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms that govern the cross talks between the LECs and immune cells during homeostasis and inflammation.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; Liver Injury ; Lymphatic Vessels ; Lymphatic Vasculature ; Tumor Microenvironment ; PD-L1 ; Antigen Presenting Cells ; Lymphatic Endothelial Cells ; T cell trafficking ; T cells ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Transmucosal Absorption Enhancers in the Drug Delivery Field (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Development of strategies to assist the movement of poorly permeable molecules across biological barriers has long been the goal of drug delivery science. In the last three decades, there has been an exponential increase in advanced drug delivery systems that aim to address this issue. However, most proprietary delivery technologies that have progressed to clinical development are based on permeation enhancers (PEs) that have a history of safe use in man. This Special Issue entitled “Transmucosal Absorption Enhancers in the Drug Delivery Field” aims to present the current state-of-the-art in the application of PEs to improve drug absorption. Emphasis is placed on identification of novel permeation enhancers, mechanisms of barrier alteration, physicochemical properties of PEs that contribute to optimal enhancement action, new delivery models to assess PEs, studies assessing safety of PEs, approaches to assist translation of PEs into effective oral, nasal, ocular and vaginal dosage forms and combining PEs with other delivery strategies.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RM1-950 ; chitosan ; intestinal epithelial cells ; ocular delivery ; amphiphilic polymers ; cornea ; tight junction modulator ; cyclodextrin ; permeability ; gemini surfactant ; transferrin ; compound 48/80 ; epithelial permeability ; cervicovaginal tumors ; nanoparticles ; confocal laser scanning microscopy ; safety ; formulation ; salcaprozate sodium ; intestinal absorption ; FITC-dextran ; curcumin ; block copolymers ; nasal vaccination ; whole leaf ; brush border ; ocular drug delivery ; vaccine adjuvant ; nanoparticle ; nasal delivery ; efflux ; permeation enhancers ; absorption enhancers ; nose to brain delivery ; small intestine ; epithelium ; CNS disorders ; absorption modifying excipients ; insulin ; absorption enhancer ; gel ; intestinal delivery ; thermogel system ; Caco-2 ; biocompatibility studies ; absorption enhancement ; man ; PN159 ; poorly absorbed drug ; tryptophan ; tight junction ; oral macromolecule delivery ; penetration enhancer ; intestinal permeation enhancers ; nanocrystals ; simvastatin ; nanomedicine ; enterocyte ; N-dodecyl-?-D-maltoside (DDM) ; cell-penetrating peptide ; quaternization ; KLAL ; nasal ; nasal permeability ; transmucosal drug delivery ; Caco-2 cells ; mast cell activator ; penetration enhancers ; drug delivery ; nose-to-brain ; bioenhancer ; polymeric micelles ; mucoadhesion ; cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) ; simulated intestinal fluid ; vaginal delivery ; nasal formulation ; pharmacokinetic interaction ; sodium caprate ; clinical trial ; transmucosal permeation ; drug absorption enhancer ; sugar-based surfactants ; nanocapsules ; imatinib ; teriparatide ; osteoporosis ; hydrophobization ; F-actin ; combined microsphere ; transepithelial electrical resistance ; oral delivery ; ocular conditions ; metabolism ; antimicrobial peptide ; permeation enhancer ; drug administration ; antiepileptic drug ; amino acid ; in vivo studies ; sodium cholate (NaC) ; epithelial transport ; preclinical ; nose to brain transport ; pharmacokinetics ; chitosan derivatives ; ophthalmology ; tight junctions ; sheep ; cationic functionalization ; GLP-1 ; pulmonary ; and liposome ; cytochrome P450 ; claudin ; P-glycoprotein ; in situ hydrogel ; mucoadhesiveness ; PTH 1-34 ; Aloe vera ; oral peptides ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Integrated Circuits and Systems for Smart Sensory Applications (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Connected intelligent sensing reshapes our society by empowering people with increasing new ways of mutual interactions. As integration technologies keep their scaling roadmap, the horizon of sensory applications is rapidly widening, thanks to myriad light-weight low-power or, in same cases even self-powered, smart devices with high-connectivity capabilities. CMOS integrated circuits technology is the best candidate to supply the required smartness and to pioneer these emerging sensory systems. As a result, new challenges are arising around the design of these integrated circuits and systems for sensory applications in terms of low-power edge computing, power management strategies, low-range wireless communications, integration with sensing devices. In this Special Issue recent advances in application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) and systems for smart sensory applications in the following five emerging topics: (I) dedicated short-range communications transceivers; (II) digital smart sensors, (III) implantable neural interfaces, (IV) Power Management Strategies in wireless sensor nodes and (V) neuromorphic hardware.
    Keywords: wake-up receiver ; digital controller ; reliability ; electronic toll collection (ETC) system ; dedicated short range communication (DSRC) ; temperature compensation ; piezoresistive ; pressure sensor ; negative temperature coefficient ; ACE-Q100 ; CMOS ; epilepsy ; seizure ; multichannel neural recording ; feature extraction ; closed-loop neurostimulator ; low-power ; low-noise amplifier ; implantable medical device ; switched capacitor ; voltage converter ; wide load range ; multiphase operation ; variable frequency ; integrated circuits ; EEPROM reprogrammable fuses ; memory cells ; trimming techniques with fuses ; digital temperature sensor ; temperature sensor with digital serial interface ; asynchronous control logic ; successive approximation register (SAR) ; wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) ; low power consumption ; capacitive digital to analog converter (CDAC) ; CMOS neural amplifier ; AC coupling ; pseudoresistor ; nonlinear distortion ; area-efficient design ; sensor node ; power mode ; wireless sensor networks ; power management ; spiking neural network ; leaky integrate and fire ; neuromorphic ; artificial neural networks ; artificial intelligence ; image classification ; capacitance-to-digital converter ; iterative-delay-chain discharge ; CMOS capacitive sensor interface ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    AI Applications to Power Systems (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Today, the flow of electricity is bidirectional, and not all electricity is centrally produced in large power plants. With the growing emergence of prosumers and microgrids, the amount of electricity produced by sources other than large, traditional power plants is ever-increasing. These alternative sources include photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), geothermal, and biomass renewable generation plants. Some renewable energy resources (solar PV and wind turbine generation) are highly dependent on natural processes and parameters (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, solar irradiation, humidity, etc.). Thus, the outputs are so stochastic in nature. New data-science-inspired real-time solutions are needed in order to co-develop digital twins of large intermittent renewable plants whose services can be globally delivered.
    Keywords: self-healing grid ; machine-learning ; feature extraction ; event detection ; optimization techniques ; manta ray foraging optimization algorithm ; multi-objective function ; radial networks ; optimal power flow ; automatic P2P energy trading ; Markov decision process ; deep reinforcement learning ; deep Q-network ; long short-term delayed reward ; inter-area oscillations ; modal analysis ; reduced order modeling ; dynamic mode decomposition ; machine learning ; artificial neural networks ; steady-state security assessment ; situation awareness ; cellular computational networks ; load flow prediction ; contingency ; fuzzy system ; change detection ; data analytics ; data mining ; filtering ; optimization ; power quality ; signal processing ; total variation smoothing ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Cyber Security and Critical Infrastructures 2nd Volume (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: The second volume of the book contains the manuscripts that were accepted for publication in the MDPI Special Topic "Cyber Security and Critical Infrastructure" after a rigorous peer-review process. Authors from academia, government and industry contributed their innovative solutions, consistent with the interdisciplinary nature of cybersecurity. The book contains 16 articles, including an editorial that explains the current challenges, innovative solutions and real-world experiences that include critical infrastructure and 15 original papers that present state-of-the-art innovative solutions to attacks on critical systems.
    Keywords: Cybersecurity ; critical Infrastructures ; privacy preservation ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Exclusive Papers of the Editorial Board Members (EBMs) of the Materials Chemistry Section of Molecules (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: The book is intended to collect the recent contributions (either research or review papers) to the development of the “Materials Chemistry” research fields by the Editorial Board Members of the Materials Chemistry Section of Molecules. The aim is to present the recent progress in the fields and to highlight the key role of Materials Chemistry in a multidisciplinary research context.
    Keywords: hypergolic reactions ; sodium peroxide ; carbon nanosheets ; fullerols ; useful energy ; gold nanoparticles ; photothermal effect ; nanoink ; inkjet printing ; secure writing ; anti-counterfeit ; crosslinking polymerization (curing) ; decomposition ; degradation ; liquid and solid state ; phase transitions ; thermal analysis ; colloidal heterostructures ; seed mediated growth ; heterogeneous nucleation ; PbS/TiO2 heterostructure ; TiO2 nanocrystal defects ; antiferromagnet ; double perovskite ; high-κ dielectric ; nickel ; tellurium ; tungsten ; central nervous system (CNS) ; blood–brain barrier (BBB) ; self-assembled polymeric nanoparticles ; intranasal delivery ; biodistribution ; dendrimers ; microwaves ; hexaazatrinaphthylenes ; graphene nanoplatelets ; honeycomb structures ; modified couple stress theory ; quasi-3d hyperbolic shear deformation theory ; sandwich structures ; vibration analysis ; polymer-derived ceramics ; nanocomposites ; TiN ; TiC ; Si3N4 ; SiC ; structural properties ; cross-coupling reactions ; microwave irradiation ; ultrasounds ; mechanochemistry ; solvent-free ; water ; ionic liquids ; deep eutectic solvents ; sustainability ; nanomaterials ; electrochemical sensors ; hydroxycinnamic acids ; caffeine ; nitrite ; lead halide perovskites ; sensors ; photoluminescence ; amplified spontaneous emission ; thin films ; hybrid hydrogels ; controlled drug delivery ; protein crystallization ; lysozyme ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    Urban Heat Island Mitigation Technologies (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book is relevant to architects, urban designers, planners, and policy makers concerned with enhancing climate-sensitive urban form and planning. It discusses building and neighborhood design: layout and design features that maximize energy efficiency and thermal comfort without compromising the ability of other buildings to enjoy similar benefits; the use of interstitial spaces (piazzas, streets, and parks) to improve the microclimate at the neighbourhood-level; design intervention case studies; innovative uses of interstitial spaces to improve the local climate at the neighborhood level; and urban radiative cooling solutions to mitigate the unintended climate consequences of urban growth and suggestions for ways forward.
    Keywords: cooling effect ; urban park ; thermal comfort ; physiological equivalent temperature ; perceived thermal comfort ; urban heat island ; air temperature ; sustainable cities ; smart cities ; urban health ; global warming ; urban green spaces ; sustainable urban development ; climate change mitigation and adaptation ; urban resilience  ; heatwaves ; urban overheating ; urban heat island intensity ; energy budget equation ; sensible heat flux ; latent heat flux ; advective heat flux ; Australian climatic conditions ; coastal cities ; desert climate ; surface urban heat island effect ; land use/land cover ; partial least square regression ; nonlinear programming ; Shanghai ; China ; urban form ; urban microclimate design ; city ; sustainability ; sustainable development ; cool roof ; passive radiative cooling ; metamaterials ; prototype ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHH Thermodynamics & heat
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    Information Theory and Machine Learning (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: The recent successes of machine learning, especially regarding systems based on deep neural networks, have encouraged further research activities and raised a new set of challenges in understanding and designing complex machine learning algorithms. New applications require learning algorithms to be distributed, have transferable learning results, use computation resources efficiently, convergence quickly on online settings, have performance guarantees, satisfy fairness or privacy constraints, incorporate domain knowledge on model structures, etc. A new wave of developments in statistical learning theory and information theory has set out to address these challenges. This Special Issue, "Machine Learning and Information Theory", aims to collect recent results in this direction reflecting a diverse spectrum of visions and efforts to extend conventional theories and develop analysis tools for these complex machine learning systems.
    Keywords: supervised classification ; independent and non-identically distributed features ; analytical error probability ; empirical risk ; generalization error ; K-means clustering ; model compression ; population risk ; rate distortion theory ; vector quantization ; overfitting ; information criteria ; entropy ; model-based clustering ; merging mixture components ; component overlap ; interpretability ; time series prediction ; finite state machines ; hidden Markov models ; recurrent neural networks ; reservoir computers ; long short-term memory ; deep neural network ; information theory ; local information geometry ; feature extraction ; spiking neural network ; meta-learning ; information theoretic learning ; minimum error entropy ; artificial general intelligence ; closed-loop transcription ; linear discriminative representation ; rate reduction ; minimax game ; fairness ; HGR maximal correlation ; independence criterion ; separation criterion ; pattern dictionary ; atypicality ; Lempel–Ziv algorithm ; lossless compression ; anomaly detection ; information-theoretic bounds ; distribution and federated learning ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Novel Specialty Optical Fibers and Applications (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: Novel Specialty Optical Fibers and Applications focuses on the latest developments in specialty fiber technology and its applications. The aim of this reprint is to provide an overview of specialty optical fibers in terms of their technological developments and applications. Contributions include:1. Specialty fibers composed of special materials for new functionalities and applications in new spectral windows.2. Hollow-core fiber-based applications.3. Functionalized fibers.4. Structurally engineered fibers.5. Specialty fibers for distributed fiber sensors.6. Specialty fibers for communications.
    Keywords: optical amplifiers ; doped fiber amplifiers ; near-infrared ; molecular gas spectroscopy ; photothermal spectroscopy ; heterodyne detection ; specialty fiber ; anti-resonant effect ; hollow structure ; sensing applications ; orbital angular momentum ; optical fiber ; fiber mode crosstalk ; vortex mode generator ; fiber optics ; plasmonic gratings ; nanodot ; light collection ; hollow-core fibers ; anti-resonant hollow-core fibers ; tapered fibers ; fiber gas lasers ; fiber end cap ; SiO2-Au-TiO2 heterostructure ; long-range surface plasmon resonance ; microstructured optical fiber ; fiber sensor ; photonic crystal fibers ; fiber lasers ; stimulated Raman scattering ; gas Raman lasers ; specialty fibers ; Brillouin optical time domain analysis ; BOTDA ; distributed fiber sensor ; photonic crystal fiber ; strain and temperature sensing ; liquid crystal ; dual-core photonic crystal fiber ; polarization beam splitter ; extinction ratio ; polarization filter ; surface plasmon resonance ; gold-coated ; crosstalk ; mid-infrared (mid-IR) ; chalcogenide glasses (ChGs) ; optical microfibers (MFs) ; supercontinuum (SC) ; molecular sensing ; Raman spectroscopy ; capillary-based hollow core fibers ; hollow core photonic crystal fiber ; detection ; distributed acoustic sensing ; DAS ; scattering enhancement fiber ; fiber-optic sensors ; few-mode fiber ; microfiber ; Mach–Zehnder interferometer ; critical wavelength ; multicore fiber ; fiber Bragg grating ; long period grating ; fiber grating sensors ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol in a microstructured Pd-based membrane reactor (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The gas phase direct hydroxylation of benzene into phenol with hydrogen and oxygen, as initially described by Niwa in 2002, was realized in a newly developed double-membrane reactor. In the concept described by Niwa, a dense Pd membrane is used for the (safe) dosage of dissociated hydrogen species into the tubular reaction zone, where it reacts with gas phase oxygen to form surface species capable of directly converting benzene into phenol in a single-step process.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; Pd-Membran ; Katalyse ; Phenol ; Benzol ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    Magnetization of High Temperature Superconducting Trapped-Field Magnets (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: High temperature superconducting (HTS) bulks and stacks of coated conductors can be magnetized to become trapped-field magnets that provide much stronger magnetic fields than those reachable with conventional permanent magnets. This work investigates the flux dynamics during the magnetization of HTS trapped-field magnets and proposes possible strategies to improve the trapped field produced by the pulsed field magnetization method that is promising for practical applications.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; trapped-field magnet ; Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter ; pulsed field magnetization ; High temperature superconductor ; Supraleiter mit eingeschlossenem Magnetfeld ; gepulste Feldmagnetisierung ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    Recent Progress of Nanomedicine and Targeted Drug Delivery for Cancer Treatment (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Currently, cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and is the most complex and challenging disease known to humankind. Due to the complex underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis, as well as the intrinsic limitations of conventional cancer therapies, the effective treatment of cancer remains a great challenge. Novel therapeutic strategies with superior anticancer ability urgently need to be discovered. In recent years, nano-drug delivery systems have been extensively investigated and applied as alternatives to conventional cancer treatments. Cancer nanomedicines aim to achieve the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the tumor site, utilizing strategies such as passive targeting, active targeting and stimuli-triggered drug release, while simultaneously decreasing drug accumulation in normal tissues, which together lead to improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects. Currently, several cancer nanomedicines are in regular use, and several others are in various stages of development.This Special Issue will highlight recent progress in the development of novel nanomedicines and targeted drug delivery systems for cancer therapy.
    Keywords: graphene quantum dot ; targeted drug delivery ; photothermal therapy ; chemo-therapy ; polymeric prodrug ; theranostic nanocomplex ; pH-triggering releasing ; magnetic targeting ; magnetic hyperthermia ; magnetic resonance imaging ; docetaxel ; adenosine receptors ; PLGA ; nanoparticles ; lung cancer ; Notch signaling ; RBPJ protein ; drug repurposing ; fidaxomicin ; acarbose ; schaftoside ; breast cancer ; experimental skin cancer ; entrapment efficacy ; ethosomes ; metformin ; in vitro permeation ; zeta potential ; sesamol ; albumin nanoparticles ; doxorubicin ; oxidative stress ; antioxidants ; tumor-derived membrane vesicles ; cancer therapy ; tumor vaccine ; personalized immunotherapy ; low-density lipoprotein ; nanoparticle ; tumor microenvironment-responsive ; magnetic nanofluid ; improved magnetic resonance imaging ; neutral-responsive Fenton reaction ; enhanced chemodynamic therapy ; brain targeting ; folate receptor ; glioma cancer ; erlotinib ; blood–brain barrier ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Processes in Cardiovascular Diseases (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: It is long known that many cells can shed extracellular vesicles, small membrane-enclosed cell fragments. Although the existence of extracellular vesicles has been recognized for many years, researchers are only beginning to understand their physiologic significance. Several recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles released from cells serve as a mode of cellular communication. They can carry diverse molecular payload (e.g. nucleic acids, bioactive lipids and proteins) to distal organs and recipient cells. Extracellular vesicles can be classified into three major groups: exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. All these types of extracellular vesicles can be found in a variety of biologic specimen and their numbers, distribution and composition may serve as biomarkers for various disorders, including cardiovascular disease. Although extracellular vesicle-mediated processes are currently best characterized in the fields of cancer biology and neurobiology, evidence is accumulating that extracellular vesicles play a key role in the pathophysiology of diabetes, thrombosis, inflammation and cardiovascular calcification. In this Research Topic, we invited review and methodological articles that advance our understanding of extracellular vesicle-related processes in vascular biology.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; Angiogenesis ; Atherosclerosis ; Extracellular vesicles ; Calcification ; Biomarkers ; Cardiovascular disease ; Inflammation ; Exosomes ; Platelets ; Heart valve ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Prognostic Factors for Pediatric Tumors (2024)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: In this Special Issue, recent advancements in the field of pediatric tumors are discussed, and novel prognostic markers are critically appraised. Greater understanding of the heterogeneity of pediatric cancers will ultimately lead to new therapeutic strategies with the potential to provide new prospects for precision medicine in pediatric oncology.
    Keywords: undernutrition ; obesity ; nutritional status ; childhood cancer ; overall survival ; event-free survival ; relapse ; treatment-related toxicity ; review ; sarcoma botryoides ; fertility-sparing surgery ; embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma ; genital tract ; prognosis ; treatment ; local debulking ; neoadjuvant chemotherapy ; radiation ; ovarian cancer ; adolescents ; diagnosis ; therapy ; guidelines ; children ; papillary thyroid cancer ; proto-oncogene B-raf gene (BRAF) ; craniopharyngioma ; recurrence ; risk factors ; youth ; acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) ; child ; genetics ; CDKN2A/2B deletions ; fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) ; multiple-ligation probe amplification (MLPA) ; copy-number alterations (CNAs) ; risk stratification ; minimal residual disease (MRD) ; cardiotoxicity ; chemotherapeutics agents ; biomarkers ; omics technology ; medulloblastoma ; tumor ; histologic ; pediatrics ; micro-RNAs ; non-coding RNAs ; molecular subgroup ; stratification ; acute lymphoblastic leukemia ; proteomics ; oncology ; chemotherapy ; cardiac function tests ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
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    Polymer Materials in Biomedical Application (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Recently, the development of polymeric materials for biomedical applications has advanced significantly. Polymeric materials are favored in the development of therapeutic devices, including temporary implants and three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering and in vitro disease modelling.Further advancements have also occurred in the utilization of polymeric materials for pharmacological applications, such as delivery vehicles for drug release.We would like to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue. Research topics of interest include, but are not limited to, recent advances related to 3D cell culture, biomaterials, tissue engineering, disease modelling, hydrogel, organoids, drug discovery, bioimaging, cardio-renal, metabolic disease, and stem cell biology.
    Keywords: hydrogels ; crosslinking ; degradable ; gamma (γ)-irradiation ; sterilization ; sterility assurance ; antibacterial ability ; jojoba ; Simmondsia ; chemistry ; liquid wax ; biology ; toxicity ; pharmaceutical/industrial uses ; articular cartilage ; mechanical properties ; tribological properties ; antibacterial ; pathogens ; infectious diseases ; silver nanoparticles ; wound care ; wound dressings ; polymers ; gelatin ; nanofibers ; sponges ; Ag/RGO nanocomposites ; green preparation ; anticancer performance ; potential mechanism ; oxidative stress ; hydrogel ; poloxamer 407 polymer ; poloxamer 407 gel ; transungual drug delivery ; onychomycosis ; ungual penetration enhancer ; Terbinafine ; diafiltration ; SAXS ; aromatic interactions ; poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) ; chlorpheniramine ; polyelectrolyte ; aggregation ; coaxial electrospinning ; extracellular matrix ; myelination ; oligodendrocyte ; water-soluble materials ; orthokeratology lens ; protein deposition ; optical characteristics ; rubbing ; chitosan ; kenaf ; nanocrystalline cellulose ; platelet lysate ; wound healing ; carbohydrate polymers blends ; functional food ; antioxidant activity ; co-microencapsulation ; spray drying ; bacteria viability (Bacillus clausii) ; probiotics ; itraconazole ; self-emulsifying nanovesicles ; transungual ; anti-fungal ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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    Transition Engineering (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-12
    Description: Transition Engineering: Building a Sustainable Future examines new strategies emerging in response to the mega-issues of global climate change, decline in world oil supply, scarcity of key industrial minerals, and local environmental constraints. These issues pose challenges for organizations, businesses, and communities, and engineers will need to begin developing ideas and projects to implement the transition of engineered systems. This work presents a methodology for shifting away from unsustainable activities. Teaching the Transition Engineering approach and methodology is the focus of the text, and the concept is presented in a way that engineers can begin applying it in their work.
    Keywords: building life-cycle cost analysis;energy policies;environmental costs;global climate change;input-output analysis;local environmental constraints;resource management;sustainability;transition engineering;world oil supply ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNK Conservation of the environment ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RP Regional & area planning::RPC Urban & municipal planning ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGB Mechanical engineering
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    Flow control : theoretical concept of absolute instability (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: At the 37th Prandtl memorial lecture on Regions of Viccous Flow, H.Oertel 1994 developed for the first time the stability theory of local perturbations in boundary layers and wake flows, as well as their practical application in the flow control of vehicle flows and the boundary layer of civil aircraft wings.This work presents how the stability theory concept of absolute instability has advanced and proven in practice in the last 15 years in terms of the efficient flow control.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; Flow Control ; Fluid Mechanics ; Stability Theory ; Wake Flow ; Bundary Layer Transition ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    Optical In-Process Measurement Systems (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Information is key, which means that measurements are key. For this reason, this book provides unique insight into state-of-the-art research works regarding optical measurement systems. Optical systems are fast and precise, and the ongoing challenge is to enable optical principles for in-process measurements. Presented within this book is a selection of promising optical measurement approaches for real-world applications.
    Keywords: speckle photography ; in-process measurement ; deep rolling process ; generalized phase shifting interferometry ; dual-aperture common-path interferometer ; real-time optical instrumentation ; optomechatronic systems ; electrical steel ; optical coherence tomography ; OCT ; scanning ; process monitoring ; laser material processing ; spot compensation ; low coherence interferometry ; LCI ; wind lidar ; Doppler lidar ; bistatic ; metrology ; traceability ; wind energy ; meteorology ; diffraction grating ; grating pitch ; mode-locked femtosecond laser ; laser diffraction ; diffraction equation ; measurement uncertainty analysis ; image processing ; pattern recognition ; wind energy turbines ; turbulence wedges ; coherence scanning interferometry ; in-process application ; Mirau interferometer ; vibration compensation ; interferometric distance sensor ; optical path length modulation ; oscillating reference mirror ; hairpin ; laser welding ; semantic segmentation ; dilated convolution ; sdu-net ; spatter detection ; quality assurance ; fast prediction time ; in situ measurement ; optical metrology ; quality control ; interferometry ; fringe projection ; computational shear interferometry ; coherence function ; structure function ; additive manufacturing ; medium voltage switchgear ; SF6 alternatives ; UV-Vis spectroscopy ; gas mixing modeling ; multicomponent diffusion analysis ; explosion ; coal dust ; methane ; explosion suppression ; spectral characteristics ; explosion pressure ; radiation intensity ; free radicals ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    How to improve immune reconstitution in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation? (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is widely used in the treatment of haematological malignancies as a form of immunotherapy acting through a graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) reaction. This curative allogeneic response can be associated with severe drawbacks, such as frequent and severe graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and a long-lasting immunodeficiency, especially now with the development of innovative strategies such as umbilical cord blood transplantation or transplants from haplo-identical family donors (Haplo-HSCT). In the long-term follow-up of these patients, severe post-transplant infections, relapse or secondary malignancies may be directly related to persistent immune defects.Reconstitution of the different lymphocyte populations (B, T, NK, NKT) and antigen presenting cells of myeloid origin (monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells) should be considered not only quantitatively but especially qualitatively, in terms of functional subsets. Immune deficiency leading to an increased susceptibility to infections lasts for more than a year. Although infections that occur in the first month mostly result from a deficiency in both granulocytes and mononuclear cells (MNC), later post-engraftment infections are due to a deficiency in MNC subsets, primarily CD4 T-cells and B-cells. T-cell reconstitution has been extensively studied because of the central role of T-cells in mediating both GvHD, evidenced by the reduced incidence of this complication following T-Cell depletion, and a GvL effect as shown by DLI. In the recent years there has been renewed interest in the role of NK-cells, especially in the context of Haplo-HSCT, and in B-cell reconstitution.This Frontiers Research Topic will provide state of the art knowledge of the mechanisms of immune reconstitution in an allogeneic environment, in order to improve monitoring and therapeutic intervention in allo-HSCT patients.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; cell therapy ; Immune reconstitution ; Haplo-SCT ; HSCT ; Thymic function ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Measuring the Impact of Lean Techniques on Performance Indicators in Logistics Operations (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Several in-depth studies have verified the positive impact of lean techniques on performance indicators in production environments. Studies performed on warehouse environments have partially confirmed this. This thesis helped to close the gap between the disparities in the level of evidence mentioned above. A study was conducted that included 16 warehouses in an observation group and 56 warehouses in a control group. These significant results help close the gap in the evidence.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; Lean Management ; Lean Production ; schlanke Produktionssysteme ; Lager ; LogistikLean Management ; KPI ; Logistikzentren ; Lean Warehousing ; Logistics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    Processing and Conversion of Oil and Gas: Modeling, Control, Simulation and Optimization (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Processing and Conversion of Oil and Gas: Modeling, Control, Simulation, and Optimization describes the core of the activity of petrochemical engineers, process controller engineers, industrial engineers, energy engineers, and researchers in the oil and gas field. This reprint explores the modeling, control, simulation, and optimization of new and revamped petrochemical processes using proven software. Thus, it offers novel illustrative examples, prospective applications, and solutions to improve these processes. This reprint aims to combine theoretical principles with examples modeled by commonly used simulation software employing steady-state or dynamic process simulation. Furthermore, applying numerical methods and optimization at both the theoretical and practical levels is within the scope of this reprint.
    Keywords: jet stability ; swirl ; twist ; dominant mode ; Brassica Napus ; fatty acid methyl esters ; 2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol ; viscosity ; batch reactor ; kinetics ; self-excited oscillation pulse jet ; nozzle ; large eddy simulation ; peak velocity ; cavitation number ; coal tar ; wash oil ; nitrogen-containing compounds ; indole ; formamide equilibrium extraction ; price bubbles ; bubble length ; petroleum products ; GSADF ; Pakistan ; pipeline safety ; risk classification ; pipeline failure ; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process ; pipeline risk assessment ; shale gas pipelines ; pressure gradient ; gas–liquid two-phase flow ; flow patterns ; Generalized Additive Model ; dimensionless numbers ; discrete element method ; optimal design ; simulation analysis ; anti-corrosion pill particles ; butyl acetate ; acetic acid ; n-butanol ; esterification ; membrane reactor ; reactive distillation ; amberlyst-15 catalyst ; energy efficiency ; economic evaluation ; methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) ; acetone self-condensation ; selective hydrogenation ; process development ; heat integration ; economic analysis ; nano-Pd/nano-ZnCr2O4 catalyst ; dimethyl carbonate ; dimethyl oxalate ; oxidative carbonylation ; azeotropic distillation ; profitability analysis ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Rheumatic Diseases: Pathophysiology, Targeted Therapy, Focus on Vascular and Pulmonary Manifestations (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This e-book summarises the latest advances in the rheumatic diseases with a focus on the recent efforts of vascular and pulmonary manifestations and anticipate the new and future directions of these research topic. Rheumatic diseases represent a heterogeneous group of severe autoimmune disorders. The present Special Issue aims to provide an overview of the complexity of vascular and pulmonary manifestations of rheumatologic diseases and helps in knowledge to manage them. The eleven published articles here collected underline the complexity of rheumatic diseases and the difficult to treated them. The manuscripts provide an overview of the pathophysiology and current treatment regimes of these disorders, highlighting tools which assist with diagnosis, risk stratification and therapy. Finally, we underline the importance of a multidisciplinary team working using the skills of clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists.
    Keywords: systemic sclerosis ; scleroderma ; interstitial lung disease ; pulmonary function tests ; high-resolution computed tomography ; rheumatic ; pulmonary arterial hypertension ; targeted therapy ; systemic lupus erythematosus ; airway disease ; shrinking lung syndrome ; diffuse alveolar hemorrhage ; pleurisy ; infection ; cardiopulmonary exercise testing ; osteopontin ; connective tissue diseases ; pulmonary involvement ; microvascular involvement ; nailfold capillaroscopy ; rheumatoid arthritis ; interstitial lung diseases ; CX3CL1/fractalkine ; CX3CR1 ; M1 macrophage ; M2 macrophage ; SKG mice ; heart failure ; 3D-echocardiography ; ventricular function ; outcome ; ventricular-arterial coupling ; antifibrotic agents ; COVID-19 ; IPF ; progressive fibrosing ILD ; UIP ; pharmacological interactions ; fibromyalgia ; gastrointestinal symptoms ; probiotic ; VSL#3® ; efficacy ; tolerability ; polymyalgia rheumatica ; vagus nerve stimulation ; inflammatory response ; PMR ; t-vns ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    Recent advances in γδ T cell biology: New ligands, new functions, and new translational perspectives (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Gamma/delta (γδ) T-cells are a small subset of T-lymphocytes in the peripheral circulation but constitute a major T-cell population at other anatomical localizations such as the epithelial tissues. In contrast to conventional a/ß T-cells, the available number of germline genes coding for T-cell receptor (TCR) variable elements of γδ T-cells is very small. Moreover, there is a prefential localization of γδ T-cells expressing given Vgamma and Vdelta genes in certain tissues. In humans, γδ T-cells expressing the Vg9Vd2-encoded TCR account for anywhere between 50 and 〉95% of peripheral blood γδ T-cells, whereas cells expressing non-Vd2 genes dominate in mucosal tissues. In mice, there is an ordered appearance of γδ T-cell „waves“ during embryonic development, resulting in preferential localization of γδ T-cells expressing distinct VgammaVdelta genes in the skin, the reproductive organs, or gut epithelia. The major function of γδ T-cells resides in local immunosurveillance and immune defense against infection and malignancy. This is supported by the identification of ligands that are selectively recognized by the γδ TCR. As an example, human Vgamma9Vdelta2 T-cells recognize phosphorylated metabolites („phosphoantigens“) that are secreted by many pathogens but can also be overproduced by tumor cells, providing a basis for a role of these γδ T-cells in both anti-infective and anti-tumor immunity. Similarly, the recognition of endothelial protein C receptor by human non-Vdelta2 γδ T-cells has recently been identified to provide a link for the role for such γδ T-cells in immunity against epithelial tumor cells and cytomegalovirus-infected endothelial cells. In addition to „classical“ functions such as cytokine production and cytotoxicity, recent studies suggest that subsets of γδ T-cells can exert additional functions such as regulatory activity and – quite surpisingly – „professional“ antigen-presenting capacity. It is currently not well known how this tremendous extent of functional plasticity is regulated and what is the extent of γδ TCR ligand diversity. Due to their non-MHC-restricted recognition of unusual stress-associated ligands, γδ T-cells have raised great interest as to their potential translational application in cell-based immunotherapy. Topics of this Research Focus include: Molecular insights into the activation and differentiation requirements of γδ T-cells, role of pyrophosphates and butyrophilin molecules for the activation of human γδ T-cells, role of γδ T-cells in tumor immunity and in other infectious and non-infectious diseases, and many others. We are most grateful to all colleagues who agreed to write a manuscript. Thanks to their contributions, this E-book presents an up-to-date overview on many facets of the still exciting γδ T-cells.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; Infection ; Butyrophilin 3A1 ; Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes ; cancer immunotherapy ; IL-17 ; Pyrophosphates ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Traditional Medicines and Globalisation (2021)
    Maven Publishers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-28
    Description: The development of natural products requires the confluence of the modern techniques and integrated approaches in various fields of science and technology. Intention of this book is to highlight different aspects of globalization of traditional medicine with the focus on some crucial and contemporary issues on validation of natural products. Eminent scientists around the globe have contributed for this book on different issues of ethnopharmacology, traditional medicine and globalization. Given the importance on promotion and development of natural products, this book covers various aspects on revitalization of traditional medicines. The contributors have provided an insight into the modem aspects and future of traditional medicine inspired drug development, validation, safety related quality issues, sustainability and globalization. Bringing together expertise from academia and industry, this edited volume provides an overview of traditional medicine with wisdom and know-how in both innovation and commercialization, placing natural product research in a broader sense for readers. This edited volume contains 68 chapters emphasizing several thrust areas of ethnopharmacology and natural products. A wide diversity of chapters has been contributed by eminent personalities throughout the world including Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Sri. Shekhar Dutt, Dr. Marco Leonti, Dr. G. A. Cordell, Dr. R. Verpoorte, Dr. P. J. Houghton, Dr. P. Pushpangadan, Dr. Y. K. Gupta, Dr. A.K.S. Rawat, Dr. S.K. Kulkarni, Dr. Colin W. Wright, Dr. S. C. Mandal, Dr. C. K. Katiyar, Dr. T. K. Mukherjee, Dr. S. Rajan, Dr. G. Schemda, Dr. P. K. Debnath, Dr. Bob Alkin, Dr. Elfin Y. Sukandar, Dr. N. Maity, Dr. A. K. Mitra, Dr. E. Hossain, Dr. H. Fukui, Dr. S.Bhadra, Dr. N. Neema, Dr. H. Mizuguchi, Dr. D. Chattopadhyay, Dr. T. Sen, Dr. Erdem Yesilada, Dr. S.K.Mitra, Dr. S.C. Bachar, Dr. S. Karmakar, Dr. G. B. J. Bailly, Dr. P. Haldar, Dr. Y. Oztruk, Dr. S. Pandit, and others. All representing the-state-of-the-art of the field, and thus would be interesting sources for information. This book will be of enormous help to the undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers and academia and all others working in the area of Ethnopharmacology and natural product research. It will be an imperative addition to the libraries of technical and administrative personnel in the industries and Universities as a potential resource to update their knowledge.
    Keywords: Globalization ; traditional medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Demand Response in Smart Grids (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The Special Issue “Demand Response in Smart Grids” includes 11 papers on a variety of topics. The success of this Special Issue demonstrates the relevance of demand response programs and events in the operation of power and energy systems at both the distribution level and at the wide power system level. This reprint addresses the design, implementation, and operation of demand response programs, with focus on methods and techniques to achieve an optimized operation as well as on the electricity consumer.
    Keywords: demand response ; population evolution ; irrational behavior ; Markov state ; non-cooperative game ; solid electric thermal storage ; cyber–physical model ; K-means ; support vector machine ; neural network ; data analysis ; demand response (DR), load profile clustering ; k-means ; targeting of customer ; aggregator ; ramp period ; real-time simulation ; multi-objective optimization ; social welfare metrics ; energy allocation ; load disaggregation ; percentage total harmonic distortion and non-intrusive identification of load pattern ; charging strategy ; optimization ; electricity pricing ; electric vehicle ; flexibility ; flexibility market ; home energy management system ; energy flexibility ; industrial energy management ; demand side management ; control approaches ; energy management ; optimization method ; objective function ; control constraints ; Demand Response ; dynamic thermal rating ; hosting capacity ; transformer ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Current Approaches and Applications in Natural Language Processing (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: Current approaches to Natural Language Processing (NLP) have shown impressive improvements in many important tasks: machine translation, language modeling, text generation, sentiment/emotion analysis, natural language understanding, and question answering, among others. The advent of new methods and techniques, such as graph-based approaches, reinforcement learning, or deep learning, have boosted many NLP tasks to a human-level performance (and even beyond). This has attracted the interest of many companies, so new products and solutions can benefit from advances in this relevant area within the artificial intelligence domain.This Special Issue reprint, focusing on emerging techniques and trendy applications of NLP methods, reports on some of these achievements, establishing a useful reference for industry and researchers on cutting-edge human language technologies.
    Keywords: natural language processing ; distributional semantics ; machine learning ; language model ; word embeddings ; machine translation ; sentiment analysis ; quality estimation ; neural machine translation ; pretrained language model ; multilingual pre-trained language model ; WMT ; neural networks ; recurrent neural networks ; named entity recognition ; multi-modal dataset ; Wikimedia Commons ; multi-modal language model ; concreteness ; curriculum learning ; electronic health records ; clinical text ; relationship extraction ; text classification ; linguistic corpus ; deception ; linguistic cues ; statistical analysis ; discriminant function analysis ; fake news detection ; stance detection ; social media ; abstractive summarization ; monolingual models ; multilingual models ; transformer models ; transfer learning ; discourse analysis ; problem–solution pattern ; automatic classification ; machine learning classifiers ; deep neural networks ; question answering ; machine reading comprehension ; query expansion ; information retrieval ; multinomial naive bayes ; relevance feedback ; cause-effect relation ; transitive closure ; word co-occurrence ; automatic hate speech detection ; multisource feature extraction ; Latin American Spanish language models ; fine-grained named entity recognition ; k-stacked feature fusion ; dual-stacked output ; unbalanced data problem ; document representation ; semantic analysis ; conceptual modeling ; universal representation ; trend analysis ; topic modeling ; Bert ; geospatial data technology and application ; attention model ; dual multi-head attention ; inter-information relationship ; question difficult estimation ; named-entity recognition ; BERT model ; conditional random field ; pre-trained model ; fine-tuning ; feature fusion ; attention mechanism ; task-oriented dialogue systems ; Arabic ; multi-lingual transformer model ; mT5 ; language marker ; mental disorder ; deep learning ; LIWC ; spaCy ; RobBERT ; fastText ; LIME ; conversational AI ; intent detection ; slot filling ; retrieval-based question answering ; query generation ; entity linking ; knowledge graph ; entity embedding ; global model ; DISC model ; personality recognition ; predictive model ; text analysis ; data privacy ; federated learning ; transformer ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Research Topics in Medicines and How Our Board Members Are Engaged in Them (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: With the development of analytical instruments, the academic system has become more complicated, producing new journals one after another. Therefore, it became much important to clarify what is original of “Medicines”. As the name Medicines indicates, it includes science and practice of caring for a patient and managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment or palliation of their injury or disease. Therefore, Medicines differs from other journals with similar title in that it covers a wide range of fields, from traditional medicine to rapidly developing molecular-targeted drugs, focusing on their pharmacological effects, structure–activity relationships, metabolic pathways, gene expression, using cultured cells, animals, and clinical trials. Most parts of this Special Issue were written by our editorial board members, who described the research topics and how they are engaged in their field of research. All of these articles are their life-long story. We collected a total number of 22 original works by basic researchers and clinical doctors. We hope that readers can get a chance to know the current status of diverse fields of medicines, and what your most important research themes are after reading these articles.
    Keywords: Hedychium ; traditional medicine ; coronarin D ; villosin ; anti-acetylcholinesterase ; antidiabetic ; anti-inflammatory ; antimicrobial ; antioxidant ; antitumor ; Genista tridentata ; Pterospartum tridentatum ; isoflavones ; flavonols ; genistein ; biochanin A ; rutin ; daidzein ; inflammatory bowel disease ; Crohn’s disease ; ulcerative colitis ; extra-intestinal manifestations ; orofacial granulomatosis ; tag-like lesions ; cobblestoning ; mucogingivitis ; lip swelling ; aphthous stomatitis ; Angelicae Sinensis Radix ; Danggui ; granules ; herb ; multivariate analysis ; ultra-performance liquid chromatography ; Tai Chi ; qigong ; immune system ; immunity ; inflammation ; telemedicine ; remote monitoring ; GER-e-TEC ; elderly patient ; artificial intelligence ; geriatric syndromes ; detection of the precursory signs of decompensation of geriatric syndromes ; renal cell cancer ; genomic landscape ; targeted therapy ; tumor evolution ; tumor heterogeneity ; allergic rhinitis ; quercetin ; human CD4+ T cells ; Th1/Th2 cytokine balance ; modulation ; in vitro ; intravascular catheter ; CRBSI ; biofilm ; CVC ; antifouling ; chromone ; tumor specificity ; QSAR analysis ; apoptosis ; cell cycle analysis ; contrast-enhanced ultrasound ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; LI-RADS ; chronic liver disease ; granuloma annulare ; granulomatous disorders of the skin ; inflammatory skin conditions ; medical dermatology ; biliary tract cancer ; cholangiocarcinoma ; PARP ; BRCA ; olaparib ; rucaparib ; liver cancer ; pancreatic adenocarcinoma ; pancreatic cancer ; sarcoidosis ; superior vena cava syndrome ; venous thrombosis ; RUCAM ; Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method ; diagnostic algorithm ; iDILI ; iDrug induced liver injury ; DILI ; HILI ; herb induced liver injury ; Stachys L. ; traditional uses ; pharmacological activities ; phytochemicals ; bioactive compounds ; Kampo formulae ; alkaline extract of Sasa sp. ; pine cone extract ; povidone-iodine ; HSV ; HIV ; loss of infectivity ; solubilization method ; diaphragmatic breathing ; abdominal breathing ; breathing exercise ; systematic review ; randomized controlled trial ; respiratory function ; auricular acupuncture ; preoperative anxiety ; protocol ; randomized controlled trials ; meta-analysis ; boiogito ; knee osteoarthritis ; rat ; Yokukansan ; fentanyl ; transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel ; phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) ; whole-cell patch-clamp recording ; herbal medicine ; calcium metabolism ; bone metabolism ; protease ; osteoclast ; macrophage ; RANKL ; LPS ; TLR4 ; TREM2 ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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    Global health issues of aflatoxins in food and agriculture: Challenges and opportunities (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Aflatoxins are a group of polyketide mycotoxins that are produced mainly by members of the genus Aspergillus. Production of these toxic secondary metabolites is closely related to fungal development (Keller et al., 2005; Jamali et al., 2012). Contamination of food, feed and agricultural commodities by aflatoxins poses enormous economic and serious health concerns because these chemicals are highly carcinogenic and can directly influence the structure of DNA. The resulting genetic defects can lead to fetal misdevelopment and miscarriages; aflatoxins are also known to suppress immune systems (Razzaghi-Abyaneh et al., 2013). In a global context, aflatoxin contamination is a constant concern between the 35N and 35S latitude where developing countries are mainly situated. With expanding boundaries of developing countries, aflatoxin contamination has become a persistent problem to those emerging areas (Shams-Ghahfarokhi et al., 2013). The continuing threat by aflatoxin contamination of food, feed and agricultural commodities to the world population has made aflatoxin research one of the most exciting and rapidly developing study areas of microbial toxins. The present research topic includes six review articles, three mini reviews and four original research articles. Contributors highlight current global health issues arising from aflatoxins and aflatoxigenic fungi and cover important aspects of aflatoxin research including contamination of crops, epidemiology, molecular biology and management strategies. Special attention is given to fungus-plant host interactions, biodiversity and biocontrol, sexual recombination in aflatoxigenic aspergilli, potential biomarkers for aflatoxin exposure in humans and safe storage programs.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; QR1-502 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; genetic diversity ; Public Health ; Aspergillus flavus ; Genomics ; MicroRNAs ; Fungus host interactions ; biological control ; aflatoxin ; agricultural crops ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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    Emerging Materials for Additive Manufacturing (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: In this reprint, state-of-the-art research and review articles on emerging material systems for additive manufacturing (AM) are collected, with a focus on the process–structure–properties relationships. Additive manufacturing (AM) has grown and evolved rapidly in recent years. There are many exciting research and translational works in many areas of application, such as biomedical, aerospace and electronics. These advancements are typically coupled with materials development, which has resulted in more functionalities added to 3D-printed parts, such as multi-material fabrications and integration with machine learning or digital twins. Such enhancements in functionalities have enabled the evolution of AM from a rapid prototyping tool to an actual manufacturing solution. In this reprint, two reviews and thirteen original research articles are included to highlight the latest development in the field of materials science for AM.
    Keywords: titanium scaffolds ; 3D printing ; pore design ; selective laser melting ; lattice structures ; torsion ; design ; additive manufacturing ; functionally gradient lattice ; torsional stiffness ; energy absorption ; failure behavior ; ferritic steel ; heat treatment ; SLM ; nuclear application ; laser powder bed fusion ; solidification crack ; hot crack ; aluminum alloy powder ; EN AW-5083 ; AA5083 ; AlSi10Mg ; powder bed fusion ; metal matrix composites ; laser powder-bed fusion ; aluminum alloys ; reinforcement ; ceramic particulates ; grain refinement ; crystallographic texture ; mechanical properties ; laser-directed energy deposition ; melt pool ; process maps ; multi-fidelity Gaussian process ; Bayesian Optimization ; uncertainty quantification ; K418 alloy ; orientation ; phase ; microhardness ; color 3D printing ; penetration depth ; chromaticity ; image-based metric ; color reproduction ; Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn ; titanium alloy ; biomedical engineering ; microstructure ; X-ray diffraction ; directed energy deposition ; shape-memory alloys ; joining of metals ; elemental powders ; 3D concrete printing (3DCP) ; hybrids ; geopolymer ; frost resistance ; UV radiation ; thermal conductivity ; surface finishing ; physical vapor deposition ; composites ; recycling ; polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) ; direct ink writing ; liquid deposition modeling ; glass fibers ; stainless steel ; AISI 316L ; AISI 630 (17-4PH) ; AISI 420 ; AISI 440C ; carbon content ; online monitoring ; electron beam melting ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
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    Marine Compounds and Cancer (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: In Western countries, cancer is among the most frequent causes of death. Despite striking advances in cancer therapy, especially by the so called “targeted agents”, there is still an urgent need for new drugs in oncology. Hope comes from the marine environment, which is a rich source of natural compounds showing anti-cancer activity. To date, four marine cytotoxic substances, namely cytarabine, trabectidine, eribulin, and monomethyl auristatin E (as a drug-antibody conjugate named vedotin) have made it into clinical routine. Many more are in all phases of clinical testing, and a plethora of substances has already been examined for in vitro and in vivo activity. Interestingly, more and more precise research tools allow the dissection of the molecular mode of action of these cytotoxic substances, thereby uncovering the specific drug targets in cancer cells. This development will blur the edges between “targeted” and “untargeted” therapy, and will hopefully lead to a more directed use of cancer medicine (based on a molecular rationale of activity) in the future. This Topical Collection will cover the whole scope from agents with cancer-preventive activity, to novel and previously characterized compounds with anti-cancer activity, both in vitro and in vivo, and the latest status of clinical development from drug trials. Of note, compounds possessing pro-carcinogenic activity or mediating cancer cell survival are also within the scope of this Topical Collection. In addition, a special focus will be placed on current shortfalls and possible strategies to overcome obstacles in the area of marine anti-cancer drug development.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; toxicology ; marine toxins ; drug discovery ; marine natural compounds and their derivatives ; xenograft models ; drug combination ; cancer ; drug resistance ; cancer-preventive activity ; molecular effects ; molecular targets ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Personalized Medicine for Parkinson's Disease (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Personalized medicine for Parkinson’s disease is a growing and emerging concept in light of recent recognition that Parkinson’s is a syndromic condition affecting multiple neurotransmitter systems, as well as brain and extracranial structures. The clinical expression is, thus, heterogeneous, and presentation age can range from the 30s to the 90s, with PD in older patients being associated with significant neuropathological comorbidity as well, involving not just misfolded alpha synuclein deposition but also amyloid and tau. Traditional and largely guideline-driven “one size fits all” management strategies adopted in clinical practice are, therefore, often inadequate in holistic management of a patient, particularly when aspects of motor and nonmotor symptoms are taken into consideration. In this supplement of JPM, we present a selection of papers which address several possible strands of personalized medicine in PD, ranging from genomic precision medicine to digital “checklists” to ensure delivery of holistic personalized medicine involving nonpharmacological strategies, as well. We are soliciting any papers addressing biomarkers, genetics and pharmacogenetics, treatment or complementary therapies for personalized or individualized treatment for PD.
    Keywords: Parkinson’s disease ; movement disorders ; periodontitis ; periodontal disease ; hematologic tests ; Vitamin D ; oral health ; Parkinson’s Disease ; cognition ; GABAergic signaling ; cerebellum ; MRS ; response inhibition ; non-motor symptoms ; carer stress ; older persons with Parkinson’s disease ; education ; lifestyle behaviours ; diet ; cross-sectional ; population study ; neurological disorders ; precision medicine ; genetics ; clinical trials ; Parkinson’s disease (PD) ; cognitive rehabilitation ; intervention ; deep brain stimulation ; levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel ; apomorphine ; radiofrequency ; focused ultrasound ; induced pluripotent stem cells ; cell therapy ; gene therapy ; personalized medicine ; advanced Parkinson’s disease (APD) ; apomorphine subcutaneous infusion therapy ; pain ; intrajejunal ; levodopa ; motor and non-motor symptoms ; PKG (KinetiGrap) ; rehabilitation ; device-aided therapies ; personalised medicine ; Alzheimer’s disease ; clinical trial ; impulsive-compulsive disorders (ICD) ; dopaminergic therapy ; genetic markers ; pharmacogenetic ; polymorphisms ; insomnia ; sleep quality ; assessment ; young onset Parkinson’s (YOPD) ; Emiratis ; expatriate ; genetic ; epigenetics ; societal impact ; device aided therapies ; quality of life ; non motor symptoms ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJN Neurology & clinical neurophysiology
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    Urological Cancer 2022 (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: In the urological sphere, the number of tumor malignancies caused by cancer is continuously growing in Western countries. Although this is mainly due to the contemporary increase in the life expectancy of people in these geographic areas, many other factors are also contributing to this growth. Urological cancer is a complex and varied disease which affects different organs and mainly affects the male population. In fact, in most statistics, kidney, prostate, and bladder cancer are regularly included in the top-ten list of the most frequent neoplasms in males. The female population, however, has also been increasingly affected by renal and bladder cancer in the last decade. From these facts, it is clear that urological cancer is a problem of major concern in developed societies. This Topic Issue of Cancers intends to shed some light on the complexity of this field and will consider all useful and appropriate contributions from scientists and clinicians in order to improve urological cancer knowledge for patients’ benefit.
    Keywords: high-risk prostate cancer ; androgen receptor axis ; castration resistance ; neuroendocrine carcinoma ; PARP inhibition ; immunotherapy ; cancer genome ; precision targeting ; robot-assisted partial nephrectomy ; renal cell carcinoma ; indocyanine green ; nephron sparing ; prostate cancer survivors ; follow-up care ; primary health care ; general practice ; process evaluation ; Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research ; prostate-specific membrane antigen positron-emission tomography ; multiparametric magnetic-resonance imaging ; primary diagnosis ; prostate cancer ; systematic review ; diagnosis ; PSMA ; PSA ; tumor ; PET scan ; bladder cancer ; bisphenol A ; bisphenol S ; energy metabolism ; migration ; proliferation ; carbon-ion radiotherapy ; elderly patients ; radiotherapy ; particle beam therapy ; life expectancy ; systemic immune-inflammation index ; Charlson comorbidity index ; CAPRA-S ; early survival ; male incontinence ; robotic prostatectomy ; clear cell renal cell carcinoma ; ferroptosis ; prognostic model ; TCGA ; E-MTAB-1980 ; GLS2 ; pazopanib ; real-world data ; non-interventional study ; time on drug ; nivolumab ; everolimus ; trial-eligibility ; ureteral neoplasms ; urinary bladder neoplasms ; ureteroscopy ; CNTF ; CNTFRα ; LNCaP ; 22Rv1 ; castration resistant ; castration sensitive ; STAT3 ; ERK ; MMP ; biomarker ; Gleason grade ; transforming growth factor-β family ; activin ; INHBA ; INHBB ; INHBC ; prostate-specific antigen ; false-positive results ; real world-data ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
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    Technology, Science and Culture (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-05
    Description: Following the success of the first, second and third volumes of this series, we are keen to continue our discussions on research topics related to the fields of food science, intelligent systems, molecular biomedicine, water science, and creation and theories of culture. Our aims are to discuss the latest topics, theories, and research methods in each of these fields, to promote debate among top researchers and graduate students and, in the process, to generate collaborative work.
    Keywords: bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    Epigenetics of B Cells and Antibody Responses (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene activity that are heritable but not caused by changes in the DNA sequence. By modulating gene activities, epigenetic changes regulate cell functions. They include DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications and gene silencing by the action of non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs. It is now clear that epigenetic changes regulate B cell development. By acting in concert with networks of transcription factors, they modulate the activation of B cell lineage specific gene programs and repress inappropriate gene transcription in particular B cell differentiation states. A hallmark of B cell development in the bone marrow is the assembly of the B cell receptor (BCR) for antigen through rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) and light (IgL) chain V(D)J genes, as mediated by RAG1/RAG2 recombinases. Ig V(D)J rearrangement critically times the progression from pro-B cell to pre-B cell and, finally, mature B cell. Such progression is modulated by epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation and histone posttranslational modifications, that increase chromatin accessibility and target RAG/RAG2 to V, D and J DNA. It is also dependent on the expression of multiple microRNAs. Mice deficient in Ago2, which is essential for microRNA biogenesis and function, have B cell development blocked at the pro-B cell stage. In agreement with this, B cell specific ablation of microRNA by B cell-specific knockout of Dicer virtually blocks B cell differentiation at the pro-B to pre-B cell transition. After mature B cells encounter antigen, changes of the epigenetic landscape are induced by the same stimuli that drive the antibody response; such epigenetic changes underpin the maturation of the antibody response itself. They instruct those B cell differentiation processes, somatic hypermutation (SHM), class switch DNA recombination (CSR) and plasma cell differentiation, that are central to the maturation of the antibody response as well as differentiation of memory B cells. Inducible histone modifications, together with DNA methylation and microRNAs modulate the transcriptome, particularly the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), central to SHM and CSR, and B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1), which is central to plasma cell differentiation. Combinatorial histone modifications also function as histone codes in the targeting of the CSR and, possibly, the SHM machinery to the Ig locus by recruiting specific adaptors (histone code readers) that can in turn target and/or stabilize CSR/SHM factors. Epigenetic alterations in memory B cells contribute to their functionally distinction from their naive counterparts. Memory B cells inherit epigenetic information from their precursors and acquire new epigenetic marks, which make these resting B cells poised to promptly respond to antigen. The cross/feedback regulation of different epigenetic modifications/elements further increases the complexity of the B cell epigenome, which interacts with the genetic information for precise modulation of gene expression. It is increasingly evident that epigenetic dysregulation in B cells, including aberrant expression of microRNAs, can result in aberrant antibody responses to microbial pathogens, emergence of pathogenic autoantibodies or B cell neoplastic transformation. Epigenetic marks are potential targets for new therapeutics in autoimmunity and B cell malignancy.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; BLIMP-1 ; CSR ; immunoglobulin ; memory B cell ; Plasma cell ; V(D)J Recombination ; microRNA ; SHM ; AID ; epigenetics ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Experimental models of early exposure to alcohol: a way to unravel the neurobiology of mental retardation (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Excessive alcohol drinking represents a major social and public health problem for several countries. Alcohol abuse during pregnancy leads to a complex syndrome referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), chiefly characterized by mental retardation. The effects of early exposure to ethanol can be reproduced in laboratory animals and this helped to answer several key questions concerning the human pathology. The interest of experimental models of FASD is twofold. First, they increase our knowledge about the dose and modality of alcohol consumption able to induce damaging effects on the developing brain. Second, experimental models of FASD can provide useful hints to elucidate the basic mechanisms leading to the intellectual disability. In fact, experimental exposure to alcohol can be carried out during discrete, often very restricted, time windows. As a consequence, FASD models, though depending on the multifaceted interference of alcohol with several molecular pathways, can provide valuable information about which specific developmental periods and brain areas are critically involved in the genesis of mental retardation. Putting together data obtained through several experimental paradigms of alcohol exposure and those deriving from other genetic and non-genetic models, one can figure out to what extent different types of mental retardation share common pathogenetic mechanisms. The present Research Topic is aimed at establishing the state of the art of the current research on experimental FASD, focusing on differences and homologies with other types of intellectual disability. The ultimate goal is to find out a common roadmap in view of future therapeutical approaches.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC435-571 ; RJ1-570 ; glial cells ; development ; Amygdala ; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders ; Cerebral Cortex ; Intellectual Disability ; epigenetics ; Apoptosis ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Saúde, trabalho e formação profissional (2021)
    SciELO Books - Editora FIOCRUZ
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Reúne textos de especialistas das áreas de Saúde e de Educação com longa, competente e comprometida atuação na luta por mudanças sociais, preocupados com um (con)viver humano mais solidário. A obra mostra ser possível a constituição de serviços de saúde com profissionais sensíveis e preparados para atuar em tempos de novas exigências técnicas e de capacitação profissional. Por instigar a (re)pensar o aperfeiçoamento técnico e ético do trabalho, com idéias e propostas originais e atuais, trata-se, certamente, de contribuição de relevância para aqueles que, direta ou indiretamente, encontram-se engajados na causa do Sistema Único de Saúde.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; Pessoal técnico de saúde-educação ; Ocupação em saúde ; educação profissional ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: Portuguese
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    Advances in Tangible and Embodied Interaction for Virtual and Augmented Reality (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: Virtual and augmented reality technology has seen tremendous progress in recent years, enabling novel and exciting ways to interact inside virtual environments. An interesting approach to interaction in VR and AR is the use of tangible user interfaces, which leverage on our natural understanding of the physical world and how our bodies move and interact with it, and on our learned capabilities to manipulate physical objects.For this Special Issue, we are interested in gathering research that bridges atoms and bits in virtual and augmented environments. Basic research papers that demonstrate new interaction technologies or techniques, descriptions of applications that use tangibles in VR/AR in any domain, and survey papers that can help structure and systematize current knowledge on this area are all suitable.
    Keywords: virtual reality ; haptic feedback ; tactile sensation ; sound source localization ; deaf and hard-of-hearing ; visual positioning system ; convolutional neural network ; three-dimensional object pose estimation ; voxel ; perspective-n-point ; digital taste ; galvanic taste stimulation ; taste augmentation ; mulsemedia ; taste modulation ; augmented reality ; PCNL ; simulation ; surgical rehearsal ; surgery ; immersive environment ; cognitive impairment ; physical disability ; unity ; rehabilitation ; intention prediction ; gaze-based interaction ; laparoscopic AR navigation ; liver surgery ; 3D image registration method ; point cloud registration ; collaborative robotics ; acceptability ; uncanny valley ; user experience ; extended reality ; artificial intelligence ; classification ; control ; motor rehabilitation ; prosthesis ; stroke ; surface electromyography signals ; user interface ; pseudo-haptic ; human-centered computing ; mixed and augmented reality ; game-based learning ; fantasy ; situated learning ; serious game ; embodied interaction ; data visualization ; node-link diagram ; immersive communication ; VR conference room ; panoramic live broadcast ; spatial audio ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    Immune responses to AAV vectors, from bench to bedside (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The recent wave of clinical studies demonstrating long-term therapeutic efficacy highlights the enormous potential of gene therapy as an approach to the treatment of inherited disorders and cancer. While in recent years lentiviral vectors have dominated the field of ex vivo gene therapy in man, adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have become the platform of choice for the in vivo gene delivery, both local and systemic.Despite the achievements in the clinic however, a number of hurdles remain to be overcome in gene therapy, these include availability of scalable vector production systems, potential issues associated with insertional mutagenesis, and concerns related to immunogenicity of gene therapeutics. For AAV vectors, clinical trials showed that immunity directed against the vector could either prevent transduction of a target tissue or limit the duration of therapeutic efficacy. Initial observations in the context of a gene therapy trial for hemophilia spurred over a decade efforts by gene therapists and immunologists to understand the mechanism and identify factors that contribute to AAV’s immunogenicity, including the prevalence of B cell and T cell immunity to wild type AAV in humans and the interaction of AAV vectors with the innate and adaptive immune system. Despite a number of important contributions in particular in the more recent past, our knowledge on the immunology of gene transfer is still rudimental; this is partly due to the fact that the basic understanding of the complex balance between tolerance and immunity to an antigen, key aspect of gene transfer with AAV, keeps evolving rapidly. However, continuing work towards a better definition of the interaction of viral vectors with the immune system has led to significant advances in the knowledge of the factors influencing the outcome of gene transfer, such as the vector dose, the immune privilege of certain tissues, and the induction of tolerance to an antigen. A better understanding of the structure-function relationship of the viral capsid has boosted the development of novel immune-escape vector variants. In addition, novel immunomodulatory strategies were established to prevent or reduce anti-capsid immunity have been developed and are being tested in preclinical models and in clinical trials. Together, these advances are bringing us closer to the goal of achieving safe and sustained therapeutic gene transfer in humans. In this research topic, a collection of Original Research and Review Articles highlights critical aspects of the interaction between gene AAV vectors and the immune system, discussing how these interactions can be either detrimental or constitute an advantage, depending on the context of gene transfer, and providing tools and resources to better understand the issue of immunogenicity of AAV vectors in gene transfer.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; antibody response ; Clinical Trial ; Gene Therapy ; Regulatory T Cell ; Immunomodulation ; Tolerance induction ; adaptive and innate immunity ; adeno-associated virus ; Vaccine ; Epitopes ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Advance Nanomaterials for Biosensors (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: The book provides a comprehensive overview of nanostructures and methods used to design biosensors, as well as applications for these biosensor nanotechnologies in the biological, chemical, and environmental monitoring fields. Biological sensing has proven to be an essential tool for understanding living systems, but it also has practical applications in medicine, drug discovery, food safety, environmental monitoring, defense, personal security, etc. In healthcare, advancements in telecommunications, expert systems, and distributed diagnostics are challenging current delivery models, while robust industrial sensors enable new approaches to research and development. Experts from around the world have written five articles on topics including:Diagnosing and treating intraocular cancers such as retinoblastoma; Nanomedicine in cancer management; Engineered nanomaterials in osteosarcoma diagnosis and treatment; Practical design of nanoscale devices; Detect alkaline phosphatase quantitatively in clinical diagnosis; Progress in the area of non-enzymatic sensing of dual/multi biomolecules; Developments in non-enzymatic glucose and H2O2 (NEGH) sensing; Multi-functionalized nanocarrier therapies for targeting retinoblastoma; Galactose functionalized nanocarriers; Sensing performance, electro-catalytic mechanism, and morphology and design of electrode materials; Biosensors along with their applications and the benefits of machine learning; Innovative approaches to improve the NEGH sensitivity, selectivity, and stability in real-time applications; Challenges and solutions in the field of biosensors.
    Keywords: advanced nanomaterials ; dual in-line sensing ; bi-functional properties ; non-enzymatic ; electrochemical sensing ; glucose and H2O2 ; nanotechnology ; bone diseases ; drug delivery ; nanocarriers ; osteosarcoma ; tumor-targeted ; retinoblastoma ; rare cancer ; surface-tailored multi-functionalized nanoparticles ; metallic nanoparticle ; tumor-suppressor gene mutation ; alkaline phosphatase ; terminal protection ; copper nanoparticle ; fluorescence ; biosensor ; electrochemical ; sensitivity ; amperometric ; voltammetric ; food quality monitoring ; machine learning ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    Economic and Policy Challenges of the Energy Transition in CEE Countries (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: With the announcement of the European Green Deal, which defines a set of policy initiatives aimed at achieving a 50–55% reduction in carbon emissions by 2030 and making Europe climate neutral in 2050, the challenge of energy transition becomes even more critical. The transformation of national energy systems towards sustainability is progressing throughout all Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, yet the goals and results are different. Most EU Member States have made substantial progress towards meeting their long-term commitments of emissions reductions. However, some bloc members have struggled to meet their obligations. An effective energy transition requires the introduction of appropriately designed policy instruments and of robust economic analyses that ensure the best possible outcomes at the lowest costs for society. In this context, this Special Issue aims to bring into the discussion the challenges that CEE countries have to face and overcome while undergoing energy transition.
    Keywords: climate change ; food security ; grand challenges ; multiple factor analysis ; regional studies ; renewable energy ; sustainable development goals ; support systems ; energy policy ; cogeneration ; capacity market ; individual cogeneration premium ; trade globalization ; financial globalization ; CO2 emissions ; real GDP per capita ; bootstrap panel Granger causality ; EU transition economies ; photovoltaics ; renewable energy sources ; “My Electricity” ; renewable energy policy ; Poland ; “Mój Prąd” ; grant ; renewable energy grants ; renewable energy support ; economic appraisal ; social discount rate ; Ramsey formula ; consumption rate of interest ; social opportunity cost ; renewable energy sources (RES) ; green energy transformation ; sustainable development ; energy cooperatives ; coopetition ; Renewable Energy Communities ; management ; households ; energy consumption ; platform ; EU ETS ; CO2 ; emissions trading ; energy companies from Central and Eastern Europe ; decarbonisation ; energy transition ; low-carbon technology ; climate and energy policy ; indicators ; biomass ; electric vehicle ; electromobility ; energy balance ; efficiency engines ; clustering ; charging stations ; data analysis ; hydrogen cells ; energy law ; customer preferences ; electric car ; PHEV ; driving technique ; limestone sorbents ; flue gas desulphurisation ; FGD gypsum ; coal-fired power plants ; climate policy ; capacity adequacy ; linear programming ; COVID-19 pandemic ; lockdown ; electricity demand profiles ; Polish energy mix ; energy transition in Poland ; social acceptance ; carbon emissions ; fleet electrification ; sustainable mobility ; fleet management ; energy mix ; onshore wind ; risk assessment ; cash-flows ; discount rate ; cost of capital ; cost of equity ; district heating ; decarbonization ; energy efficiency ; Hubgrade ; remuneration mechanism ; power generation ; new investments ; combined heat and power ; optimization ; thermal energy storage ; uncertainty ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Advances in Sensors, Big Data and Machine Learning in Intelligent Animal Farming (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Animal production (e.g., milk, meat, and eggs) provides valuable protein production for human beings and animals. However, animal production is facing several challenges worldwide such as environmental impacts and animal welfare/health concerns. In animal farming operations, accurate and efficient monitoring of animal information and behavior can help analyze the health and welfare status of animals and identify sick or abnormal individuals at an early stage to reduce economic losses and protect animal welfare. In recent years, there has been growing interest in animal welfare. At present, sensors, big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence are used to improve management efficiency, reduce production costs, and enhance animal welfare. Although these technologies still have challenges and limitations, the application and exploration of these technologies in animal farms will greatly promote the intelligent management of farms. Therefore, this Special Issue will collect original papers with novel contributions based on technologies such as sensors, big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence to study animal behavior monitoring and recognition, environmental monitoring, health evaluation, etc., to promote intelligent and accurate animal farm management.
    Keywords: pig weight ; body size ; estimation ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; pig identification ; mask scoring R-CNN ; soft-NMS ; group-housed pigs ; audio ; dairy cow ; mastication ; jaw movement ; forage management ; precision livestock management ; equine behavior ; wearable sensor ; intermodality interaction ; class-balanced focal loss ; absorbing Markov chain ; cow behavior analysis ; prediction of calving time ; cow identification ; EfficientDet ; YOLACT++ ; cascaded model ; instance segmentation ; generative adversarial network ; machine learning ; automated medical image processing ; deep neural network ; animal science ; CT scans ; computer vision ; cow ; extensive livestock ; sensorized wearable device ; monitoring ; parturition prediction ; radar sensors ; radar signal processing ; animal farming ; computational ethology ; signal classification ; wavelet analysis ; dairy welfare ; hierarchical clustering ; mutual information ; precision livestock farming ; time budgets ; unsupervised machine learning ; wearables design ; animal-centered design ; animal telemetry ; modularity ; smart collar ; design contributions ; additive manufacturing ; low-frequency tracking ; commercial aviary ; laying hens ; false registrations ; tree-based classifier ; animal behaviour ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Image Analysis and Evaluation of Cylinder Bore Surfaces in Micrographs (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: This work presents two image-based inspection approaches for the quality evaluation of cylinder bore surfaces. In the first algorithm, metal folds on plateau-honed surfaces are inspected with scanning electron microscopy. An edge-aware structure tensor is proposed for feature extraction and localization of surface defects. The second algorithm uses a morphgraphical method for detecting graphite grains in optical micrographs. Based on the inspection results, quality parameters are proposed.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; image processing ; Bildverarbeitung ; Kantendetektion ; Mikrographhoning ; micrograph ; automated vision inspection ; Honung ; edge detection ; Automatische Sichtprüfung ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    Marine Natural Products as Anticancer Agents 2.0 (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: Global cancer incidence and death are expected to increase in the next decades. Inappropriate therapeutic regimens and tumor recurrence due to the development of drug resistance are two major clinical challenges impacting poor patient outcomes, which is critical to the discovery and development of new anticancer drugs. Over the last few decades, the marine environment has proved to be a key source of molecules with potent anticancer properties. The Special Issue, “Marine Natural Products as Anticancer Agents 2.0”, gathered eleven publications, including two reviews and nine research articles, about the anticancer activities of marine natural and/or derived products on in vitro 2D and 3D cellular models, and/or in vivo models of colorectal, breast, lung, myeloma, liver, leukemia, and melanoma cancers. Altogether, the eleven scientific papers published in this Special Issue provide an exciting overview of marine natural products as potential anticancer agents.
    Keywords: Clavatadine C ; spirocyclic bromotyrosines ; cytotoxicity ; cancer selectivity ; marine compounds ; melanoma A-375 cell line ; Sarcophyton convolutum ; sarcoconvolutum A–E ; cembrenoids ; anti-angiogenesis ; bromophenols ; tube formation ; vasculogenic mimicry ; brefeldin A ; ester derivative ; chronic myelogenous leukemia ; BCR-ABL ; proliferation inhibition ; molecular modeling ; 5-O-(N-Boc-l-alanine)-renieramycin T ; Xestospongia sp. ; marine sponge ; lung cancer ; anti-cancer ; cancer stem cells ; apoptosis ; Akt ; c-Myc ; migrastatics ; cell migration ; cell invasion ; metastasis ; terpenes ; algae ; marine natural products ; mitochondrial dysfunction ; oxidative stress ; anticancer ; Sphaerococcus coronopifolius ; seaweed ; Laminaria japonica ; Laminaria japonica peptides ; cancer ; liver ; cell cycle ; porphyrin ; Isabela ; hemin ; X-ray diffraction ; NOESY NMR ; cytotoxic ; colorectal cancer ; 5-fluorouracil ; 7S,15R-dihydroxy-16S,17S-epoxy-docosapentaenoic acid ; tumor-associated macrophages ; chemoresistance ; fucoidan ; immunopotentiation ; immunomodulatory ; immunotherapy ; cancer treatment ; cytokines ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    Gas Bearings: Modelling, Design and Applications (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This book focuses on the modelling and the design process of gas bearings, on the experimental validation of such models, and on their applications. In particular, recent developments about foil bearings, aerostatic bearings, porous bearings, and non-contact precision positioning systems are shown.
    Keywords: aerostatic spindle ; fluid–structure interaction ; restrictor geometrical parameters ; structural dimension ; optimal design ; bump foil gas bearing ; thermo-hydrodynamic model ; temperature field ; thermal characteristics analysis ; foil bearing ; turbo machinery ; gas bearing ; industrial application ; air-bearing ; precision positioning ; tribotronics ; rotation accuracy ; roundness ; cylindricity ; dispersion coefficient ; gas bearings ; porous materials ; rotordynamics ; force coefficients ; aerostatic journal bearings ; porous bearing ; annular-thrust bearing ; numerical simulation ; finite element method ; dynamic coefficients ; eccentricity ; tilting ; tilting velocity ; partial arc ; PCB spindles ; dynamic identification ; logarithmic decrement method ; complex exponential method ; half-power method ; damping factor identification ; rigid rotor ; modal analysis ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    CD4+ T cell differentiation in infection: amendments to the Th1/Th2 axiom (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: CD4+ T lymphocytes play an essential role in host defense against bacterial, parasitic and viral infections. During infection, under the influence of intrinsic signals received through peptide-MHC/TCR interactions and extrinsic signals provided by pathogen-conditioned dendritic and other accessory cells, CD4+ T cells proliferate and differentiate into specialized T helper (Th) effectors, which produce distinct sets of cytokines tailored to combat a specific class of microbes. The concept of CD4+ T cell multi-functionality was developed after the seminal discovery of Th1 and Th2 cells nearly 30 years ago. Although the Th1/Th2 paradigm has successfully withstood the test of time, in the past decade additional Th subsets (Th17, Tfh, Th22, Th9) have been identified. Similarly, single cell analyses of cytokines and master transcriptional factors have revealed that, at the population level, CD4+ T cell responses are far more heterogeneous than initially anticipated. While some of the checkpoints in Th cell specification have been identified, recent studies of transcriptional and epigenetic regulation have uncovered a significant flexibility during the course CD4+ T lymphocyte polarization. In addition, Th cells expressing cytokines with counteracting functions, as a measure of self-regulation, display yet another level of diversity. Understanding the mechanisms that control the balance between stability vs. plasticity of Th effectors both at the time of initiation of immune response and during development of CD4 T cell memory is critical for the rational design of better vaccines and new immunotherapeutic strategies. This research topic will cover current views on Th cell development, with a focus on the mechanisms that govern differentiation, function and regulation of effector Th cells in the context of microbial infections.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; Infection ; Dendritic Cells ; Cytokines ; Immunoregulation ; CD4 lymphocytes ; Memory ; long noncoding RNA ; Macrophages ; Metabolism ; Th1 Th2 ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Communicating Medicine (2021)
    Ledizioni
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: This study investigates eighteenth-century medical writing, particularly concerning the elaboration and the communication of medicine in such reference works as universal dictionaries of arts and sciences, medical dictionaries, and handbooks. Most of the vernacular texts under scrutiny here were issued in the second half of the century, a period in which the advancements in medical research, medical education and medical practice favoured the circulation of an expanding medical vocabulary and stimulated medical writing as a whole. A vast amount of reference works was produced for experts and non-experts alike: medical topics were common in social settings, in personal and communal letters, in specialised journals, in pamphlets and in magazines. All this unprecedented activity certainly contributed to the vernacularisation, and the dissemination of medicine in different kinds of works and different text types. The texts examined in the study are representative of their authors’ effort to expand medical knowledge and to define medicine as an independent science based on strict observation, as well as to establish intelligibility within and outside the disciplinary discourse community.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; english ; medicine ; language ; communication ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    The 1st International Electronic Conference on Algorithms (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This book presents 22 of the accepted presentations at the 1st International Electronic Conference on Algorithms which was held completely online from September 27 to October 10, 2021. It contains 16 proceeding papers as well as 6 extended abstracts. The works presented in the book cover a wide range of fields dealing with the development of algorithms. Many of contributions are related to machine learning, in particular deep learning. Another main focus among the contributions is on problems dealing with graphs and networks, e.g., in connection with evacuation planning problems.
    Keywords: bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Três ensaios de bioética (2021)
    SciELO Books - Editora FIOCRUZ
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Leitores interessados no desenvolvimento teórico da bioética e, ao mesmo tempo, em sua aplicação na solução de conflitos morais certamente encontrarão neste livro materiais de grande valor. Cada capítulo coloca a bioética em um contexto diferente: na clínica, na genômica e na biossegurança. No primeiro ensaio, discutem-se as possibilidades dessa ‘caixa de ferramentas’ chamada bioética para compreender e tentar resolver conflitos de interesses e valores no âmbito das relações entre profissionais e usuários dos serviços de saúde. No segundo, o autor aplica as ferramentas da bioética ao caso dos conflitos morais que envolvem a genômica, contemplando argumentos favoráveis e contrários às práticas da engenharia genética e contribuindo para o raciocínio crítico e sem preconceitos sobre o tema. Por fim, o terceiro capítulo trata da interface entre a bioética e a biossegurança, que têm preocupações comuns, como a questão dos riscos, mas abordagens distintas – enquanto a bioética se ocupa dos valores morais, a biossegurança lança mão de medidas técnicas, administrativas e legais.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: Portuguese
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    New Environmentally-Friendly and Sustainable Materials (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: One of the great challenges of contemporary society is establishing a sustainable way of life in harmony with the environment without compromising economic growth and technological development. On the other hand, the increase in the world population has driven per capita consumption, and consequently, the generation of waste. Because of this, new materials are being developed from different types of waste. This Special Issue aims to highlight and share recent scientific findings in the area of “New Environmentally Friendly and Sustainable Materials” manufactured from different material types (polymers, ceramics, metallics, and composites) and urban, industrial, mining and agricultural wastes. Moreover, scientific topics such as improving performance and durability, materials characterization, hybrid materials, foams and porous materials, trends and advances, and mechanical, electrical, magnetic, optical, and thermal properties will also be accepted.
    Keywords: palygorskite ; adsorption ; anionic dye ; cationic dye ; water treatment ; perlite tailings ; aggregate ; alkali–silicate reaction ; ceramic residue ; alkaline activation ; experimental design ; durability tests ; kaolin ; solid residues ; pozzolanic activity ; cement mortar ; carbonation ; poly (lactic acid) ; high-density biopolyethylene ; bioblends ; compatibilization ; scheelite tailings ; sustainable ceramic mass ; red ceramic ; firing parameters ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Extracellular Vesicles: Biology and Potentials in Cancer Therapeutics (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles wrapped in a lipid bilayer membrane and are naturally released from cells. This kind of cargo vessel is a nanostructure that mainly transfers lipids, proteins, various nucleic acid fragments, and metabolic components to neighboring cells or distant parts of the body through the circulatory system. EVs are of great significance to the communication mechanism between cells. This book collects feature articles to enhance our understanding of the biological characteristics of EVs and their potential applications.
    Keywords: extracellular vesicle ; precision oncology ; cancer biomarker ; prostate cancer ; drug delivery ; extracellular vesicles ; lysosome ; nanocarriers ; ultrasound ; size exclusion chromatography ; differential ultracentrifugation ; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ; exosomes ; cancer ; biomarker ; diagnostic ; therapy ; liquid biopsy ; small extracellular vesicles (sEV) ; tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) ; melanoma cell-derived exosomes (MTEX) ; proteomics ; tumor microenvironment ; biomarkers ; ectosomes ; neoplasia ; microvesicles ; small extracellular vesicles ; isolation ; purification ; size-exclusion chromatography ; ultracentrifugation ; sucrose density cushion ; lymph node ; spleen ; solid tissue ; microvesicle ; exosome ; cancer therapeutic ; drug carrier ; flow cytometry ; immunophenotyping ; swarm detection ; tumor-associated macrophages ; macrophage polarization ; mannose receptor ; HIV-1 Nef ; glioblastoma ; microRNA ; immunoprecipitation ; CD44 ; human milk ; nutrient ; microbiota ; microRNAs ; nanocommunicator ; diagnostic biomarker ; drug delivery vehicle ; personalized cancer immunotherapy ; therapeutic agents ; cell-to-cell communication ; ionising radiation ; non-targeted effects ; signalling ; imaging flow cytometry ; biomarker reservoirs ; cancer diagnostics ; disease monitoring ; large EVs ; ovarian cancer cells ; ES-2 ; OAW-42 ; adipose tissue origin mesenchymal stem cells ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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    Innovative Target Tracking Techniques for Modern Radar and Sonar Systems (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The aim of this Special Issue is to gather recent advances and development in target tracking techniques to determine how they can be adapted for modern radar and sonar systems. After peer review, 17 articles in related areas have been accepted for publishing in this Special Issue. The published articles cover a range of topics and applications central to target tracking. There are eight papers about general multi-target tracking, including the topics of joint tracking and classification [3], adaptive estimation using clutter measurement probability [6], joint localization and tracking [7], extended target tracking [8], tracking with smoothing [11], DOA tracking [12], tracking under low detection probability [14], and sonar tracking and interception [17]. Three papers address multi-sensor multi-target tracking methods. Specifically, a multi-target estimating method for pulsed radar systems is proposed in [2], a joint dwell time and bandwidth optimization method in a radar network is proposed in [4], a and multiple marine ship tracking method with unknown backgrounds is presented in [9]. There are 2 papers [10,15] on the problem of target assignment in multi-sensor multi-target tracking. Moreover, Mallick et al. considered measures of nonlinearity of a polynomial curve in two dimensions [1], Zhao et al. explored the use of calibration targets for which the positions are known to the MPR system, to counter the loss in target localization accuracy arising from transmitter/receiver position errors [13], and Li et al. proposed an algorithm to apply the frequency diversity technique to passive azimuth estimation in [16].
    Keywords: Target tracking ; target detection ; radar system ; sonar system ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Lipid Signaling in T Cell Development and Function (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Lipids are best known as energy storing molecules and core-components of cellular membranes, but can also act as mediators of cellular signaling. This is most prominently illustrated by the paramount importance of the phospholipase C (PLC) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways in many cells, including T cells and cancer cells. Both of these enzymes use the lipid phosphatidylinositol(4,5)bisphosphate (PIP2) as their substrate. PLCs produce the lipid product diacylglycerol (DAG) and soluble inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate (IP3). DAG acts as a membrane tether for protein kinase C and RasGRP proteins. IP3 is released into the cytosol and controls calcium release from internal stores. The PI3K lipid product phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)trisphosphate (PIP3) controls signaling by binding and recruiting effector proteins such as Akt and Itk to cellular membranes. Recent research has unveiled important signaling roles for many additional phosphoinositides and other lipids. The articles in this volume highlight how multiple different lipids govern T cell development and function through diverse mechanisms and effectors. In T cells, lipids can orchestrate signaling by organizing membrane topology in rafts or microdomains, direct protein function through covalent lipid-modification or non-covalent lipid binding, act as intracellular or extracellular messenger molecules, or govern T cell function at the level of metabolic regulation. The cellular activity of certain lipid messengers is moreover controlled by soluble counterparts, exemplified by symmetric PIP3/inositol(1,3,4,5)tetrakisphosphate (IP4) signaling in developing T cells. Not surprisingly, lipid producing and metabolizing enzymes have gained attention as potential therapeutic targets for immune disorders, leukemias and lymphomas.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; eicosanoid ; Inositol ; diacylglyerol ; PI3K ; Vitamin D ; T cell ; SHIP ; Pten ; Adipokine ; Lipid ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Shape Memory Alloys 2020 (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Shape memory alloys (SMAs), in comparison with other materials, have the exceptional ability to change their properties, structure, and functionality depending on the thermal, magnetic, and/or stress fields applied. As is well known, in recent decades, the development of SMAs has allowed innovative solutions and alternatives in biomedical applications and advanced engineering structures for aerospace and automotive industries as well as in sensor and actuation systems, among other sectors. Irrespective of this, designing and engineering using these special smart materials requires a solid background in materials science in order to consolidate their importance in these fields and to broaden their relevance for other new applications. The goal of this Special Issue is to foster the dissemination of some of the latest research devoted to these special materials from different perspectives.
    Keywords: shape memory alloys ; cyclic tests ; fatigue test ; energy dissipation ; earthquake engineering ; NiTiNb ; anisotropy ; texture ; SME ; pipe joints ; NiTi ; selective laser melting ; additive manufacturing ; lattice structure ; EBSD ; superelasticity ; metamagnetic shape memory alloys ; structural defects ; magnetocaloric effect ; mechanical damping ; martensitic transitions ; phonon softening ; resonant ultrasound spectroscopy ; laser-ultrasound ; elastic constants ; high-temperature shape memory alloys ; titanium palladium ; titanium platinum ; multi-component alloys ; medium-entropy alloys ; high-entropy alloys ; laser powder bed fusion ; density control ; structure control ; process simulation ; shape memory alloy ; Fe-Mn-Al-Ni ; cyclic heat treatment ; co-based Heusler alloy ; martensitic transformation ; metamagnetic shape memory alloy ; phase diagram ; magnetic-field-induced transition ; intermetallic ; microstructure ; differential scanning calorimetry ; X-ray diffraction ; mechanical testing ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    Foundations of Paleoparasitology (2021)
    SciELO Books - Editora FIOCRUZ
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Unprecedented initiative in the world, the book compiles the available knowledge on the subject and presents the state-of-the-art in paleoparasitology – term coined about 30 years ago by Brazilian Fiocruz researcher Luiz Fernando Ferreira, pioneer in this science which is concerned with the study of parasites in the past. Multidisciplinary by essence, paleoparasitology gathers contributions from social scientists, biologists, historians, archaeologists, pharmacists, doctors and many other professionals, either in biomedical or humanities fields. With varied applications such as in evolutionary or migration studies, their results often depend on the association between laboratory findings and cultural remains. The book is divided into four parts - Parasites, Hosts, and Human Environment; Parasites Remains Preserved in Various Materials and Techniques in Microscopy and Molecular Diagnostics; Parasite Findings in Archeological Remains: a paleographic view; and Special Studies and Perspectives. Signed by authors from various countries such as Argentina, USA, Germany and France, the book has chapters devoted to the discoveries of paleoparasitology on all continents.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; MEDICAL ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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    Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Carcinoma (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: This reprint is related to the latest research in the field of thyroid surgery, including molecular and imaging diagnosis, surgical treatment, and the treatment of recurrent disease and advanced thyroid carcinoma.
    Keywords: thyroid carcinoma ; prophylactic central lymph node dissection ; lymph node metastases ; RET ; medullary thyroid carcinoma ; clinical management ; variants of uncertain significance ; differentiated thyroid cancer ; papillary thyroid cancer ; minimal extrathyroidal extension ; radioactive iodine therapy ; prognosis ; TNM ; histology ; multifocality ; lymph node metastasis ; vascular invasion ; autoimmune thyroid diseases ; radioiodine refractory ; Lenvatinib ; 18F-FDG-PET/CT ; cost-benefit analysis ; economics ; medical ; thyroid neoplasms ; radiomics ; ultrasound ; magnetic resonance imaging ; computer tomography ; prediction ; classification ; angiogenic microenvironment ; prognostic factors ; antiangiogenic therapy ; therapeutic target ; tumor microenvironment ; tumor behavior ; proliferation pathways ; cell cycle control pathways ; angiogenesis process ; thyroid cancer ; Gal-3 expression ; NIFTP ; EFVPTC ; lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT) ; immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis ; molecular imaging ; theranostics ; companion diagnostics ; immunoPET ; anaplastic thyroid cancer ; poorly thyroid cancer ; genetic landscape ; genetically guided therapy ; fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (18F-FDG) ; positron emission tomography (PET) ; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ; recurrence ; neoplasm metastasis ; thyroid surgery ; hypoparathyroidism ; fluorescence-guided surgery ; near-infrared autofluorescence ; PRKAR1A ; PKA ; Carney complex ; cAMP ; bone metastasis ; metastasectomy ; stereotactic radiosurgery ; ultrasound imaging ; thyroid nodule ; fine-needle aspiration ; papillary thyroid carcinoma ; lobectomy ; operative extent ; CONUT score ; tyrosine kinase inhibitors ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJC Diseases & disorders::MJCL Oncology
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    Biomedical Insights that Inform the Diagnosis of ME/CFS (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a severe chronic health condition that is often misunderstood or ignored by health establishments. The lack of definitive diagnostic markers to separate ME/CFS patients from the healthy population as well as from other chronic disorders is problematic for both health professionals and researchers. A consortium of Australian researchers gathered to systematically understand ME/CFS, ranging from a deep analysis of clinical and pathology data to metabolomic profiles and the investigation of mitochondrial function. From this broad collaboration, a number of compelling insights have arisen that may form the basis of specific serum, blood, and/or urinary biomarkers of ME/CFS. This Special Edition reports on a conference centred on these biomedical discoveries, with other contributions, with a translation focus for predictive markers for ME/CFS diagnosis. By supporting health professionals with developments in diagnostics for this condition, the patients and their families will hopefully benefit from an improved recognition of the biomedical underpinnings of the condition and will be better able to access the care that is urgently required. This Special Edition contains a mix of speaker submissions and other accepted manuscripts that contributed to our objective of advancing biomedical insights to enable the accurate diagnosis of ME/CFS.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RM1-950 ; fatigue syndrome ; n/a ; work rehabilitation ; tryptophan metabolism ; substrate inhibition ; myalgic encephalomyelitis ; 3-dioxygenase ; ME (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis) ; assessment ; myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) ; muscles ; hypoacetylation ; circadian rhythm ; immune system ; chronic ; CFS (Chronic Fatigue Syndrome) ; energy metabolism ; ME/CFS ; immunological ; cytokine ; bistability ; diagnosis ; biomarker ; symptoms ; kynurenine pathway ; inflammation and immunity ; metabolism ; neuro-inflammation ; pathology ; signaling ; exercise ; Epstein Barr virus ; methylhistidine ; hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis ; potential biomarkers ; critical point ; inflammation ; histone deacetylation ; participatory research ; neurology ; neuroimmune ; activin ; mitochondria ; patient-driven questionnaire ; medical retirement ; machine learning ; prognosis ; gut microbiota ; post-exertional malaise ; chronic fatigue syndrome ; mathematical model ; reference intervals ; diagnostic biomarker ; indoleamine-2 ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Programming the HPA-axis by early life experience: Mechanisms of stress susceptibility and adaptation (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Experiences during early life program the central nervous- and endocrine-systems with consequences for susceptibility to physical and mental disorders. These programming effects depend on genetic and epigenetic factors, and their outcome leads to an adaptive or maladaptive phenotype to a given later environmental context. This Research Topic focused on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and stress-related phenotypes, and on how HPA-axis programming by the environment precisely occurs. We included original research, mini-review and review papers on a broad range of topics related to HPA-axis programming.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC648-665 ; RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; HPA axis ; Vulnerability ; resilience ; early life stress ; materna ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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    The Challenges of COVID-19 with Obesity-Related Cancers (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-11
    Description: This reprint emphasizes the perspectives and challenges surrounding COVID-19 and obesity-related cancers, including but not limited to the risk factors of severe COVID-19 in cancer patients; the complications of COVID-19 in cancer patients; the challenges in cancer treatment and surgery; guidelines for cancer care during COVID-19; delayed diagnosis and suboptimal cancer management; the impact of COVID-19 on cancer screening, early diagnosis and cancer presentation; immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in cancer patients; psychological distress among cancer survivors; telehealth in cancer care; the role of diet and nutraceuticals in the prevention of severe COVID-19 and cancer; and the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer research.
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; neutropenia ; G-CSF treatment ; respiratory failure ; colorectal neoplasms ; gastrointestinal neoplasms ; immune checkpoint inhibitors ; neoplasms ; oncogenic viruses ; oncolytic virotherapy ; post-acute COVID-19 syndrome ; reactive oxygen species ; tumor escape ; SARS-CoV-2 ; thyroid cancer ; differentiated thyroid cancer ; COVID-19 severity ; inflammation ; immunity ; oxidative stress ; obesity ; SARS-Cov-2 ; oncology ; cancer screening ; clinical trials ; melanoma ; management ; pandemic ; teledermatology ; diagnostic delay ; immunotherapy ; vaccination ; lymph adenopathy ; cancer ; nutraceuticals ; supplements ; colorectal ; meta-analysis ; gynecologic oncology ; malignancy ; blood cancer ; hematologic malignancy ; leukemia ; lymphoma ; multiple myeloma ; myelodysplasia ; breast cancer ; cancer care ; screening ; surgery ; psychological distress ; cancer therapies ; immunogenicity ; safety ; vaccine hesitancy ; tumor subtype ; mortality ; intensive care unit ; medico-administrative data ; France ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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    Automatic Control and Routing of Marine Vessels (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Due to the intensive development of the global economy, many problems are constantly emerging connected to the safety of ships’ motion in the context of increasing marine traffic. These problems seem to be especially significant for the further development of marine transportation services, with the need to considerably increase their efficiency and reliability. One of the most commonly used approaches to ensuring safety and efficiency is the wide implementation of various automated systems for guidance and control, including such popular systems as marine autopilots, dynamic positioning systems, speed control systems, automatic routing installations, etc. This Special Issue focuses on various problems related to the analysis, design, modelling, and operation of the aforementioned systems. It covers such actual problems as tracking control, path following control, ship weather routing, course keeping control, control of autonomous underwater vehicles, ship collision avoidance. These problems are investigated using methods such as neural networks, sliding mode control, genetic algorithms, L2-gain approach, optimal damping concept, fuzzy logic and others. This Special Issue is intended to present and discuss significant contemporary problems in the areas of automatic control and the routing of marine vessels.
    Keywords: collision avoidance ; ship domain ; fuzzy inference ; collision risk ; early warning system ; marine vessel ; tracking controller ; stability ; functional ; optimal damping ; fin stabilizer ; ship turning ; heel/roll reduction ; L2-gain ; uncertainty ; non-linearity ; ship motion control ; path-following ; guidance algorithm ; nonlinear feedback ; AIS Data ; trajectory prediction ; waterway transportation ; neural networks ; autonomous navigation ; multi-joint autonomous underwater vehicle (MJ-AUV) ; 3-dimensional modeling ; LQR ; LESO ; multicriteria route planning ; genetic algorithm ; particle swarm optimization ; oceanic meteorological routing ; cooperative game theory ; supply chain management ; supply disruption ; unmanned surface vehicle ; Guidance, Navigation and Control ; course keeping ; adaptive sliding mode ; unmanned surface vehicle (USV) ; system identification ; traditional neural network ; physics-informed neural network ; zigzag test ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    The Schistosomiasis Vaccine - It Is Time to Stand Up (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Schistosomiasis is a severe parasitic disease, endemic in 74 developing countries with up to 600 million people, including many children, infected and 800 million at risk of contracting the disease following infection with Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium or S. japonicum. Disease burden is estimated to exceed 70 million disability-adjusted life-years, and leads to remarkably high YLD (years lived with disability) rates. Even more importantly, people with schistosomiasis are highly susceptible to malaria, tuberculosis and hepatic and acquired immunodeficiency viruses. There is only one drug, praziquantel, currently available for treatment and it has high efficacy, low cost, and limited side effects. However, only 13% of the target population has received the drug, and those treated are at continuous risk of reinfection necessitating repeated drug administration and the emergence of drug resistant parasites is a constant threat. There currently is no vaccine. While the target of 〉40% protection has been achieved with some molecules such as excretory-secretory proteins including calpain, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and cysteine peptidases, very recent articles reiterate the findings published during the last 2 decades of the last century, contradicting the established data of the pioneers of schistosome biology. A consensus should be reached without delay, in order to propose collaborative independent experiments and proceed ahead to pre- and clinical trials with efficacious candidate vaccine molecules. The proposed plan aims to finally reach an objective and fruitful agreement , via inviting established and young researchers from the United States, Brazil, China, Australia, and Europe who are working with different vaccine antigens, adjuvants, and approaches for immunization against S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum. It is hoped that the forum will end with a very few candidate antigens and a consensus approach regarding target immune responses, thus leading to encouraging the World Health Organization and other international foundations to sponsor the development and implementation of the urgently required, yet still elusive, vaccine for preventing and eliminating the transmission of schistosomiasis.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; Schistosomiasis ; Schistosoma mansoni ; Schistosoma haematobium ; Type 2 cytokines ; Vaccine ; Immune responses ; Schistosoma japonicum ; Vaccine candidates ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Allergic Rhinosinusitis and Airway Diseases (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: This Book, entiled “Allergic Rhinosinusitis and Airway Diseases”, presents the concept of united airway disease interaction, which comprises chronic rhinosinusitis and other lower airway disorders such as asthma. This concept furthers a deeper comprehension on the pathophysiology and management of upper and lower airway diseases. In this Book, the published papers cover different interesting topics such as healthcare equality, advanced biomarkers, accurate diagnosis and treatment, occupational exposure-induced upper airway allergy and neoplastic disease mimicking chronic rhinosinusitis.
    Keywords: chronic rhinosinusitis ; B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder ; sinus ; nasal allergies ; tannery worker ; Kanpur ; asthma ; ovalbumin ; saffron ; salbutamol ; IL’s ; TNF-α ; allergic rhinitis ; bronchial asthma ; allergy ; Th17 cells ; IL-17 ; IL-33 ; microRNA ; miR ; airway mucosal inflammation ; united airway disease ; acute rhinosinusitis ; acute recurrent rhinosinusitis ; Mediterranean diet ; nutritional evaluation ; nutritional therapy ; olfactory dysfunction ; anosmia ; post-acute COVID-19 ; nitric oxide ; NO ; exhaled NO ; FENO ; nasal peak flow ; atopic status ; total IgE ; specific IgE ; childhood asthma ; immunoblot ; ImmunoCAP ; otolaryngology ; sinusitis ; ethnic groups ; patient-reported outcome measures ; quality of life ; social justice ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Less and Non-invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring Techniques (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: In the perioperative setting and in intensive care medicine, early and effective hemodynamic management including fluid therapy and administration of vasoactive drugs to maintain vital organ perfusion and oxygen delivery is mandatory. Understanding the different approaches in the management of critically ill patients during the resuscitation and further management is essential to initiate adequate context- and time-specific interventions. Optimization of hemodynamic variables to achieve a balance between organ oxygen delivery and consumption is a cornerstone. In general, cardiac output (i.e., the blood flow) is considered a major determinant of oxygen supply and thus its monitoring is regarded helpful. However, indicators of oxygen requirements are equally necessary to assess adequacy of oxygen supply. Currently, more and more less or even totally non-invasive monitoring systems have been developed and clinically introduced, but they require validation in particular clinical settings. Cardiac output monitors and surrogates of organ oxygenation only enable to adequately guide management, as patient’s outcome is determined by acquisition and interpretation of accurate measurements, and finally, suitable management decisions. This Research Topic focuses on the currently available techniques, especially the less and non-invasive ones, in the field of hemodynamic monitoring in the perioperative setting and in critically ill patients while summarizing their advantages and limitations.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular dynamics ; goal-directed therapy ; intensive care medicine ; Cardiac Output ; Anesthesiology ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Advances in Flow Modeling for Water Resources and Hydrological Engineering (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Water resource systems planning and management issues are often very complex. The pressures on water resources are increasing with the expanding scale of global development involving ecological and hydrological consequences in river basins and groundwater aquifers, and water-quality deterioration. All this leads to the increasing need for investigating the effects of different human influences and impacts on the hydrological regime and on water quality like as land-use changes, climatic variability and climate changes, and intensified water and land-use practices. The Special Issue “Advances in Flow Modeling for Water Resources and Hydrological Engineering” presents a collection of scientific contributions that provides a sample of the state-of-the-art and forefront research in this field. In particular, basin-wide water resources planning, watershed management, flood forecasting, droughts, climate change impacts on flood risk and water resources, reservoir operation and management, river morphology and sediment transport, river water quality, and irrigation were the main research and practice targets that the papers published in this Special Issue aimed to address.
    Keywords: stream discharge ; near-natural catchment ; trend analysis ; NW Spain ; field-scale hydrological models ; DRAINMOD ; tile drainage ; nitrate leaching ; climate change ; venturi flume ; CFD ; OpenFOAM ; RANS ; turbulence model ; numerical simulation ; Parshall flume ; water balance ; Thornthwaite–Mather method ; Python ; serverless computing approach ; watershed hydrology ; Yukon River plume ; river discharge ; sediment load ; flocculation ; plunging ; underflow ; flood ; geological categories ; probability ; Medvednica Mt. ; Croatia ; numerical model ; shallow water equations ; dam break ; dry and wet beds modeling ; river flow ; open channels ; eddy viscosity ; parabolic profile ; streamwise velocity distribution ; turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) ; mixing length ; log law ; log wake ; hydrological modeling ; streamflow ; SWAT ; Venturi flume ; nonlinear model ; burned areas ; hydrological modelling ; infiltration capacity ; SCS-CN ; post-fire ; shock wave ; spillway ; spillway pier ; flat chute ; physical modeling ; hydrology ; tiling ; subsurface flow ; Iowa ; variational ensemble forecasting ; hydrologic processing strategies or hypotheses ; SR2MR streamflow forecasting ; real-time hydrologic forecasting system ; satellite precipitation products ; multi models ; best streamflow prediction ; inverse variance weighting ; inverse probability weighting ; representative concentration pathways 4.5 and 8.5 ; modified Mann–Kendall trend test ; Ziway Lake Basin ; Rift Valley ; Ethiopia ; maximum precipitation ; maximum flow ; gravel bed rivers ; skin friction ; flow resistance ; bed forms ; energy slope ; boundary layer characteristics ; abrupt negative step ; hydraulic jump ; energy loss ; momentum closure ; Boussinesq equations ; specified intervals ; MODIS ; evapotranspiration ; multi-variable calibration ; regional flood frequency ; ungauged catchments ; direct rainfall modelling ; headwater catchments ; Australia ; drought ; water ; water resources modelling ; flood forecast ; climate-change impacts ; river quality ; river morphology ; watershed management ; reservoir management ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Advanced Control and Estimation Concepts, and New Hardware Topologies for Future Mobility (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: According to the National Research Council, the use of embedded systems throughout society could well overtake previous milestones in the information revolution. Mechatronics is the synergistic combination of electronic, mechanical engineering, controls, software and systems engineering in the design of processes and products. Mechatronic systems put “intelligence” into physical systems. Embedded sensors/actuators/processors are integral parts of mechatronic systems. The implementation of mechatronic systems is consistently on the rise. However, manufacturers are working hard to reduce the implementation cost of these systems while trying avoid compromising product quality. One way of addressing these conflicting objectives is through new automatic control methods, virtual sensing/estimation, and new innovative hardware topologies.
    Keywords: independent-wheel drive ; steering assistance ; nonlinear system ; active disturbance rejection control ; smooth road feeling ; city bus transport ; electric vehicles ; electrification ; software tool ; planning ; control ; charging management ; simulation ; analysis ; energy management ; hybrid electric vehicle ; powertrain electrification ; equivalent consumption minimization ; supercharging ; hardware-in-the-loop experiments ; driving force distribution ; decentralized traction system ; 4WD electric vehicle ; energy efficiency ; traction control ; efficiency optimization ; air mobility ; fuel cell hybrid aircraft ; stochastic optimal control ; drift counteraction optimal control ; normal force estimation ; unbiased minimum variance estimation ; controller output observer ; youla parameterization ; adaptive cruise control ; automated driving ; energy-saving ; fuel-saving ; optimal control ; passenger comfort ; new energy vehicles ; speed prediction ; macroscopic traffic model ; traffic big-data ; deep learning ; vehicle lateral dynamic and control ; unresolved issues ; application of speed prediction ; electric vehicle ; hybrid vehicle ; lithium ion ; ultracapacitor ; battery aging ; EHB ; EMB ; EWB ; system modeling ; bond graph ; optimization ; control design ; Youla parameterization ; robust control ; nonlinear optimization ; brake-by-wire ; actuator ; electro-mechanical brake ; electronic wedge brake ; electro-hydraulic brake ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Model-Informed Precision Dosing (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) is an advanced quantitative approach focusing on individualized treatment optimization. MIPD integrates mathematical models of drugs and diseases combined with individual patient characteristics (e.g., genotype, anthropometric factors, and organ function). MIPD has been highlighted as a useful tool for drug dosage selection in both the drug development process and clinical practice and it is a rapidly growing discipline that is supported by the main drug regulatory agencies. Despite the potential benefits of this methodology toward personalized medicine, its application is still limited. The Special Issue presented here includes several PKPD and PBPK models focused on improving the current state of art regarding the PK behaviour of different drugs with the aim of improving the efficacy/safety balance of these treatments and their clinical outcome; the Special Issue is intended to be of particular interest for clinical pharmacologists, pharmacometricians, and specific clinicians who routinely use the considered drugs.
    Keywords: model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) ; efficacy PKPD indexes ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; PKPD modeling and simulation ; dosing algorithms ; nomograms ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries::KNDP Pharmaceutical industries
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    10th Anniversary of Applied Sciences-Invited Papers in Chemistry Section (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: This book consists of 12 original research articles and one comprehensive review from invited chemists from around the world covering different fields of chemistry. The article on analytical chemistry features the analysis of highly polar metabolites in biological fluids, the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a gas chromatography coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry, and the synthesis of MoS2 nanostructures for the production of near-infrared photodetectors. The environmental chemistry articles include discussions on weekly and longitudinal elemental variability in hair samples, use of bottom ash as a stabilizing agent, the removal of phosphorus from the effluent of a paper company, and the chemistry and consequences of arsenic contamination of groundwater. Polymer/coating chemistry coverage includes the incorporation of superabsorbent polymers into cementitious-based composite materials, the use of licorice root extracts for edible coatings and postharvest quality improvement, and the use of mucin-grafted polyethylene glycol-based micro- for the oral delivery of insulin. The reported research on nanomaterials chemistry covers the synthesis of ZnO-doped ceria nanorods made up of CeO2/ZnO mixed oxides, and the production of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic bonded joints with novel carbon nanotube (CNT) adhesive films. A final paper on flavonol chemistry utilizes LC-MS/MS to investigate the stability of four common types of dietary flavonols.
    Keywords: carbon nanotubes ; aging ; structural health monitoring ; water uptake ; adhesive film ; surfactant ; insulin ; mucin ; polyethylene glycol ; microparticles ; toxicology ; biomass production ; Chlorella vulgaris ; microalgae ; nutrients removal ; paper industry effluent ; effluent treatment ; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ; urine ; doping analysis ; dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) ; gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ; sewage sludge disposal ; municipal solid waste ; co-combustion ; fly ash ; bottom ash ; heavy metal stabilization ; polar amino acids ; mixed cationic-RP column ; LC-HRMS ; BMAA ; TMAO ; flavonols ; H2O2 ; saliva ; metabolism ; oxidation ; LC-MS/MS ; CeO2/ZnO mixed oxides ; zinc oxide ; ceria nanorods ; oxygen storage capacity ; CO oxidation ; licorice ; chitosan ; edible coating ; strawberry shelf life ; rheological properties ; ultrasound-assisted extraction ; mechanical properties ; microstructure ; self-healing ; SAP ; microCT ; cementitious materials ; mortar ; hairs ; variability ; week ; longitudinal ; element ; metals ; INAA ; occupational exposure ; unexposed subject ; MoS2 ; microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis ; low-cost photosensors ; arsenic ; groundwater ; contamination ; water quality ; domestic filter systems ; health effects ; treatment methods ; Bangladesh ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    Ionizing Radiation, Antioxidant Response and Oxidative Damage: Radiomodulators (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Ionizing radiation (IR) exposure can be deleterious for living tissues and eventually lead to illness or even death. DNA breakdown and the overproduction of highly reactive free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are considered initiators of IR-induced molecular and cellular damages, whereas NO, TGF-β and other pro-inflammatory cytokines are the primary effectors involved in radiation bystander effects (RIBE). Radiomodulators can reduce (radioprotectors and radiomitigators) or increase (radiosensitizers) IR damage. Past world events have highlighted the urgent need to develop predictive biomarkers of the IR absorbed dose and radiation countermeasures to reduce IR damage. Despite the strong economic and scientific efforts over the last decades, at present, drugs for effective protection against lethal IRs remain an unmet need. Moreover, the development of radiosensitizers that selectively increase IR damage in cancer cells but protecting, or at least do not affect, healthy tissues is also of unquestionable importance to improving patient survival and quality of life. It includes contributions that will help to understand the mechanisms involved in radiation-derived cellular responses and damage, the importance of free radical scavengers and antioxidant cellular defenses in preventing harm, and the relevance of the antiinflammatory response to improve recovery. In accordance, the mechanism of action and effectiveness of relevant radiomodulators are described and discussed, and novel clinical models and IR biomarker technologies are presented.
    Keywords: ferulic acid ; total body irradiation ; bone marrow microenvironment ; stem cell senescence ; bone marrow injury ; reactive oxygen species ; antioxidant defense system ; planarians ; model animal ; irradiation ; regeneration ; radioprotection ; radiation ; melatonin ; nDNA-repair ; mtDNA-mutations ; oxidation stress ; protection ; mitigation ; H2O2 ; ATP ; MDA ; GSH ; X-ray radiation ; 3T3 fibroblasts ; proliferation ; apoptosis ; cellular stress ; senescence ; peroxiredoxin 6 ; Prdx6 ; radioprotector ; pharmacologic ascorbate ; vitamin C ; pancreatic cancer ; Auranofin ; thioredoxin ; thioredoxin reductase ; peroxiredoxin ; nuclear and radiological emergencies ; radioprotectors ; radiomitigators ; radionuclide scavengers ; radiation biodosimetry ; Olea europaea L. cv. Caiazzana ; oleacein ; ionising radiation ; cancer ; radiotherapy ; normal tissue ; radiosensitization ; radiomodulation ; proteomic analysis ; oxidative modification profiling ; serum albumin ; amino acid sequences ; radiation biomarker ; human lactoferrin ; acute gamma irradiation ; C57Bl/6 mice ; survival rate ; open field test ; spleen ; serum homeostasis ; leukocytes ; stilbenoid ; electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) ; FT-IR ; electron beam radiation ; radioresistance ; oxidative phosphorylation ; oncometabolites ; radiation response ; bioinformatics ; oxidative stress ; transcriptomics ; radiobiology database ; gene signature ; ionizing radiation ; intestine ; mucositis ; microbiome ; microbiota ; dysbiosis ; bacterial dietary supplement ; radiomitigator ; hyperthermia ; combination therapy ; synergistic effect ; oxygenation ; hypoxia ; immune response ; Tameron ; antioxidant ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
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    Deep Learning and Computer Vision in Remote Sensing (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: In the last few years, huge amounts of progress have been made regarding remote sensing in the field of computer vision. This success and progress is mostly due to the effectiveness of deep learning (DL) algorithms. In addition, the remote sensing community has shifted its attention to DL, and DL algorithms have been used to achieve significant success in many image analysis tasks. However, with regard to remote sensing, a number of challenges caused by difficulties in data acquisition and annotation have not been fully solved yet. This reprint is a collection of novel developments in the field of remote sensing using computer vision, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. The articles published involve fundamental theoretical analyses as well as those demonstrating their application to real-world problems.
    Keywords: tropical cyclone detection ; meteorological satellite images ; deep learning ; deep transfer learning ; generative adversarial networks ; image target detection ; multiple scales ; any angle object ; remote sensing of small objects ; point clouds ; 3D tracking ; state estimation ; Siamese network ; deep LK ; convolutional neural networks (CNNs) ; multilayer feature aggregation ; attention mechanism ; remote sensing image scene classification (RSISC) ; hyperspectral image classification ; variational autoencoder ; generative adversarial network ; crossed spatial and spectral interactions ; crater detection algorithm (CDA) ; R-FCN ; self-calibrated convolution ; split attention mechanism ; transfer learning ; remote sensing ; oriented object detection ; rotated inscribed ellipse ; remote sensing images ; keypoint-based detection ; gated aggregation ; eccentricity-wise ; object detection ; remote sensing image ; anchor free ; oriented bounding boxes ; deformable convolution ; three-dimensional radar imaging ; convolution neural network ; super-resolution ; side-lobe suppression ; terahertz radar ; aerial image generation ; satellite image generation ; structure map ; style vector ; high resolution image ; self-constructing graph ; semantic segmentation ; GAN ; image generation ; data augmentation ; remote sensing disaster image ; convolutional neural network ; double-stream structure ; feedback ; encoder–decoder network ; dense connections ; instance segmentation ; Swin transformer ; cascade mask R-CNN ; remote sensing image retrieval ; hashing algorithm ; binary code ; triplet ordinal relation preserving ; cross entropy ; feature distillation ; forest fire ; smoke segmentation ; Smoke-Unet ; residual block ; Landsat-8 ; band sensibility ; unsupervised domain adaptation ; bidirectional domain adaptation ; image-to-image translation ; generative adversarial networks (GANs) ; U-Net ; high-density laser scanning ; logging trails ; digital surface model ; canopy height model ; commercial thinning ; convolutional neural networks ; multiview ; satellite and UAV image ; joint description ; image matching ; neural network ; contextual information ; Anchor Free Region Proposal Network ; polar representation ; 3D object detection ; point cloud ; sampling ; single-stage ; rotated object detection ; angle-based detector ; angle-free framework ; rotated region of interests (RRoIs) ; representative points ; plastic ; UAVs ; contrastive learning ; mutual guidance ; spatial misalignment ; vehicle detection ; ANN ; automatic classification ; risk mitigation ; machine learning ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Personalized medicine, individual choice and the common good (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-11
    Description: law; medicine; medico legal; bioethics and health law; ethics; philosophy
    Keywords: law; medicine; medico legal; bioethics and health law; ethics; philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAD Bio-ethics ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy
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    10th Anniversary of Nanomaterials—Recent Advances in Environmental Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: This reprint contains contributions focusing on recent developments in the design, synthesis, and characterization of nanocatalysts intended for applications in environmental protection and low carbon footprint power generation processes thanks to the overall effort of scientists and researchers for a cleaner and more sustainable future. New synthetic approaches to the production and in-depth characterization of innovative nanostructured composites and hybrid materials with well-controlled textural and surface chemistry properties that give performance advantages in a variety of important environmental and energy applications such as CO2 utilization/recycling, hydrogen and syngas production, biosensing, and biocatalysis as well as in ways to obtain useful materials from waste are included, among others. This reprint is the result of one of the cutting-edge Special Issues in the field of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology organized by Nanomaterials to celebrate its 10th anniversary.
    Keywords: nanocarbon ; rocket fuels ; furfuryl alcohol ; fuming nitric acid ; waste ; hypergolics ; carbon materials ; CO2 methanation ; bimetallic catalysts ; Ni-based catalysts ; promoters ; alloy nanoparticles ; bimetallic synergy ; hybrid nanoflowers ; biosynthesis ; influencing factors ; biosensing cues ; bio-catalysis ; propane ; steam reforming ; hydrogen production ; perovskite ; ruthenium ; rhodium ; La2O2CO3 ; stability ; propane steam reforming ; H2 production ; Ni ; TiO2 ; CeO2 ; YSZ ; ZrO2 ; Al2O3 ; drifts ; n/a ; HDO reaction ; transition metal phosphides ; structure ; acidity ; characterization ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Medicamentos no Brasil : inovação e acesso (2021)
    SciELO Books - Editora FIOCRUZ
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Uma das particularidades da área da saúde é pertencer tanto à esfera social quanto à industrial, característica que representa oportunidades e grandes desafios. O livro Medicamentos no Brasil: inovação e acesso tem o objetivo de fomentar o desenvolvimento tecnológico e fortalecer a produção nacional, além de garantir que o conhecimento desses avanços beneficie a população brasileira. Como afirma o ministro da Saúde, José Gomes Temporão, no prefácio: “...inovação não pode estar desligada da idéia de acesso”. Reunindo os pontos de vista da academia, governo e setor produtivo público e privado, com abordagens que privilegiam o contexto nacional e refletem sobre a posição brasileira no cenário internacional, a obra apresenta um diagnóstico da área de medicamentos no país, avalia seus problemas e potencialidades e faz recomendações concretas para superação dos obstáculos e aproveitamento das oportunidades. Cabe destacar que é o segundo volume de uma série sobre pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação nos segmentos industriais da saúde, do Projeto Inovação em Saúde (presidência/Fiocruz), cujo primeiro livro é Vacinas, Soros e Imunizações no Brasil.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; MEDICAL ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: Portuguese
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    E-Textiles 2022: The 4th International Conference on the Challenges, Opportunities, Innovations and Applications in Electronic Textiles (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This Proceedings reprint is a collection of papers from the E-Textiles 2022 Conference and represents the state of the art from both academia and industry in the development of smart fabrics that incorporate electronic and sensing functionality. The Proceedings reprint presents a wide range of applications of the technology, including wearable textile devices for healthcare applications such as ECG measurements and functional electrical stimulation. Manufacturing approaches include printed smart materials, knitted e-textiles and flexible electronic circuit assembly within fabrics and garments. Supplying power is a constant challenge for all wireless wearable technologies, and therefore this collection includes papers on triboelectric energy harvesting and zinc-ion batteries fabricated on top of textile substrates.
    Keywords: electronics ; wearables ; smart fabrics ; e-textiles ; sensing ; healthcare devices ; textile antennas ; energy harvesting ; printed electronics ; knitted e-textiles ; functional yarns&nbsp ; &nbsp ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Polymer Materials in Additive Manufacturing: Modelling and Simulation (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Additive manufacturing (AM) has been at the center of attention of studies and industry. The AM process involves gradual build-up in layers, and capability in the fabrication of complex shapes with low cost. Advances in the processing of polymers and polymer composites with this method are in the domain of this journal, which can provide a vital resource for anyone involved in additive manufacturing. This Special Issue cover original reviews and research articles dedicated to: AM processes of manufacturing and materials; Process–microstructure/morphology–properties relationships; Optimization of process parameters; Mechanical properties of fabricated parts; Modeling and simulation.
    Keywords: hybrid bio-inspired design ; nacre ; woodpecker beak ; mechanical performance ; failure mode ; finite element simulation ; Taguchi design ; ANOVA ; FFF ; response surface ; cylindricity ; process optimization ; polymer gear ; additive manufacturing ; differential pressure vacuum casting ; polyurethane resin ; abrasion ; fused filament fabrication ; temperature distribution modelling ; dynamic and static model ; thermal history ; impeller ; polymers ; polymer composites ; manufacturing process ; conventional manufacturing ; injection moulding ; performance ; face mask ; medical devices ; filtration performance ; 3D reconstruction ; customized implant ; PEEK ; accuracy evaluation ; finite element analysis ; 3D printing ; fused deposition modeling ; tensile testing ; infill rate ; crystallizable PET ; micromechanical model ; viscoplasticity ; temperature effect ; biaxial loading ; polylactic acid (PLA) ; dimensional deviation ; definitive screening design ; desirability function ; material extrusion ; rheological behavior ; mechanical properties ; temperature profile ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Blood-Derived Products for Tissue Repair/Regeneration (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: This Special Issue on “Blood-Derived Products for Tissue Repair and Regeneration” reveals the evolution and diversity of platelet rich plasma (PRP) technologies, which includes experimental research on novel formulations, the creation of combination therapies, and the exploration of potential modifiers of PRPs, as well as efficacy of PRP therapies in clinical veterinary and human applications. Scientist and clinicians are now starting to develop different treatments based on their reinterpretation of the traditional roles of platelets and plasma, and the current Issue has provided a forum for sharing research and ways of understanding the associated medicinal benefits from different points of view. The research interest in this area has covered different medical disciplines, such as ophthalmology, dentistry, orthopedics, and sports medicine.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RM1-950 ; n/a ; biomaterial ; redifferentiation ; regenerative medicine ; skeletal muscle regeneration ; furcation defects ; Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) ; PRP ; fracture ; fibrin sealant ; periodontal surgery ; bone regeneration ; serum derived from plasma rich in growth factors (s-PRGF) ; cartilage repair ; myofibroblasts ; autologous platelet concentrates ; burns ; satellite cells ; articular cartilage ; stem cell niche ; wound healing ; quantification ; growth factors ; biologics ; platelet rich plasma ; meniscus ; adipose tissue ; Carprofen ; platelet-rich fibrin ; platelets ; hyperacute serum ; bone defects ; serum eye drops ; corneal epithelial defect ; fibrosis ; dog ; myoblasts ; differentiation ; chronic meniscal lesion ; horizontal meniscal tear ; PRGF ; collagen hydrogels ; periodontal defects ; bone grafting material ; composition ; cell therapy ; bone healing ; tissue healing ; trephination ; plasma rich plasma (PRP) ; bone repair ; plasma rich in growth factors ; knee arthrosis ; meniscus tear ; cornea regeneration ; wrist osteoarthritis ; periosteal sheet ; Platelet-Poor Plasma (PPP) ; platelet-rich plasma ; microfat ; bone grafting ; hyaluronic acid (NaHA) ; periodontal regeneration ; meniscus repair ; photobiomodulation therapy ; growth ; myogenesis ; blood derived products ; low-level laser therapy ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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    Ventricular Mechanics in Congenital Heart Disease (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Looking at "Horse in Motion", the iconic photograph by E. Muybridge, it is almost possible to hear the horse galloping. The pounding sound of the hoofs hitting the ground -like a drum- can also echo the rythmic beating of the human heart. That sound, that visceral rhythm, reminds us of the link between motion and performance: the perfectly executed stride of the horse, the incredible coordination of multiscale phenomena behind a heart beat. Furthermore, the decomposed sequence in Muybridge's photograph has become a well-known example of breaking motion into its components over time, and as such is reminiscent of those images that are routinely acquired in clinical practice, where the heart appears dilating and shirnking in a sequence of snapshots. The investigation of this motion and its subtleties is essential for refining our understanding of cardiac function, and the appreciation of how and when this motion is no longer perfectly executed can lead us to understand functional impairments and provide insight into the unfolding of pathology. In the presence of congenital heart disease (CHD), cardiac mechanics are altered: from single ventricle physiology to conduction abnormalities to different cardiomyopathies, it is important to both capture and interpret biomechanical changes that occur in the presence of a congenital defect. This special issue in Frontiers in Pediatrics, now an e-book, focuses on 'Ventricular mechanics in congenital heart disease' and looks at current knowledge of phenomena such as systolic/diastolic dysfuction and current methods (chiefly in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography) to evaluate cardiac function in the presence of CHD, and then presents a series of original studies that employ both medical imaging and computational modelling techniques to study specific CHD scenarios.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RJ1-570 ; cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging ; ventricular mechanics ; Congenital Heart Diseases ; hypoplastic left heart syndrome ; diastolic function ; computational modelling ; systolic function ; haemodynamics ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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    Clinical Advances in Chronic Intestinal Diseases Treatment (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Chronic intestinal diseases are increasing around the world. With poor quality of life and expensive healthcare costs, the patients demand novel approaches and treatments for better clinical outcomes. This book illustrates the state of the art and the envisaged near future in the management of these pathologies.
    Keywords: chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction ; parenteral nutrition ; pediatrics ; myopathy ; neuropathy ; IBS ; microbiota ; visceral hypersensitivity ; colorectal motility ; inflammatory bowel disease ; Crohn’s disease ; ulcerative colitis ; anti-TNF ; ustekinumab ; vedolizumab ; postoperative complications ; surgery ; preoperative therapy ; biologic therapy ; bio-naïve ; IBD ; pro-inflammatory cytokines ; lymphocyte migration ; treatment ; inflammatory bowel diseases ; biologic treatment ; combination ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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    Da compaixão à solidariedade : uma genealogia da assistência médica (2021)
    SciELO Books - Editora FIOCRUZ
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: A autora apresenta uma análise que vai da lógica da compaixão à lógica utilitarista, modalidades diferenciadas de intervenção sobre a saúde das pessoas e coletividades no século XIX e que, apesar de aparentemente antagônicas, estão mais próximas do que se possa imaginar. Analisa as motivações éticas a partir das quais se legitimaram diversas modalidades de assistência médica aos necessitados. Examina, também, a história de certas práticas e estratégias - a transformação do hospital em espaço médico, o papel da caridade e da filantropia e o nascimento da família moderna como agente de controle médico das populações. Constitui-se, assim, importante reflexão sobre os limites das duas estratégias das políticas assistenciais
    Keywords: R5-920 ; MEDICAL ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: Portuguese
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    Assessing Atmospheric Pollution and Its Impacts on the Human Health (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint contains articles published in the Special Issue entitled "Assessing Atmospheric Pollution and Its Impacts on the Human Health" in the journal Atmosphere. The research focuses on the evaluation of atmospheric pollution by statistical methods on the one hand, and on the other hand, on the evaluation of the relationship between the level of pollution and the extent of its effect on the population's health, especially on pulmonary diseases.
    Keywords: household air pollution ; fine particulate matter ; international environmental health ; cookstove ; respiratory disease ; brick worker ; particulate matter ; heavy metals ; Sulfate-Nitrate-Ammonium ; pollution levels ; mobile sources ; aerosols ; PAHs ; OC and EC ; transport sources ; urbanized coastal station ; grain dust ; health risk assessment ; Monte Carlo simulation ; disability adjusted life year ; multi-media exposure ; health risk ; probabilistic risk assessment ; Lake Chaohu ; PM10 ; health risks ; extreme learning machine ; echo state network ; neural networks ; pollution ; concentration ; indicators ; aberrant values ; nitrogen oxides ; ARIMA ; GRNN ; ARIMA–GRNN ; isolation forest ; LOF ; AOD ; classification ; dendrogram ; PCA ; air quality index ; polluting agents ; respiratory diseases ; monitoring stations ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology::MMGT Medical toxicology
    Language: English
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    Technology in Rehabilitative Interventions for Children (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This Special Issue is aimed to offer an overview of studies presenting new rehabilitation approaches addressed to children with neurodevelopmental disorders, designed to enhance the effects of learning processes through the use of new technologies. The contributions of this Special Issue, authored by researchers and clinicians from some of the most valued Italian scientific institutions in the field of neurodevelopmental disorders, can offer some useful data and advice on the use of technology in rehabilitation and telerehabilitation to researchers, rehabilitators, clinicians and pratictioners (psychologists, neuropsychologists, speech therapists, etc.).
    Keywords: neurorehabilitation ; cognitive enhancement in children ; tech mediated rehabilitation ; developmental coordination disorders ; virtual reality ; telerehabilitation ; specific learning disorders ; cerebral palsy ; well-being ; dyslexia ; rhythm ; music therapy ; intervention ; developmental dyslexia ; new technologies ; augmented reality ; good practices ; Delphi method ; rehabilitation ; remote intervention ; children ; age ; severity ; improvement ; follow-up ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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