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  • Bücher  (167)
  • QC1-999
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  • Bücher  (167)
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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: Anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are dramatically influencing the environment, and research is strongly committed to proposing alternatives, mainly based on renewable energy sources. Low GHG electricity production from renewables is well established but issues of grid balancing are limiting their application. Energy storage is a key topic for the further deployment of renewable energy production. Besides batteries and other types of electrical storage, electrofuels and bioderived fuels may offer suitable alternatives in some specific scenarios. This Special Issue includes contributions on the energy conversion technologies and use, energy storage, technologies integration, e-fuels, and pilot and large-scale applications.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; n/a ; PV ; GHG savings ; lithium-ion battery (LIB) ; probability prediction ; decarbonization ; supercapacitor (SC) ; least squares support vector machine ; EV fleet forecasts ; alternative maritime power (AMP) ; Markov chain ; feasibility study ; D funding ; hybrid power system ; numerical analysis ; ship structure ; optimal sizing ; cellulosic ethanol ; electric vehicles EV ; biofuel ; green ship ; R&amp ; bulk carrier ; molten carbonate fuel cell system ; sparse Gaussian process regression ; power-to-gas ; combination method ; charging infrastructure ; jet fuel ; flow characteristics ; hybrid refinery ; LNG-fueled ship ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: The Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method is proposed for studying hydrodynamic processes related to nuclear engineering problems. A problem of possible recriticality due to the sloshing motions of the molten reactor core is studied with SPH method. The accuracy of the numerical solution obtained in this study with the SPH method is significantly higher than that obtained with the SIMMER-III/IV reactor safety analysis code.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; CFD ; Sloshing ; Recriticality ; SPH ; Free Surface Flows ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: Ice crystals are the most ubiquitous material found in the cryosphere environment of the Earth, in the planetary system, and also in our daily lives. In recent years, ice crystals have increased in importance as one of the key materials for finding solutions to settle various environmental concerns at a global scale. Furthermore, ice crystals are unique materials which are potentially extremely useful in various applications, for example, within the food sciences, medical sciences, and other fields. In dealing with these interesting subjects, research on ice crystals has been more actively pursued in recent years. The Special Issue “Ice Crystals” presents a wide varieties of topics related to ice crystals. It can be considered as a status report reviewing the recent research on ice crystals and serves to provide readers with information on the latest developments concerning ice crystals.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; coarsening kinetics ; antifreeze protein ; microstructure ; ice crystals ; decomposition ; formation ; cryo-photo microscopy ; cryoprotective agent ; ice cream ; reformation ; tomography ; deformation ; clathrate hydrate ; Negative thermal expansivity ; tetrahydrofuran ; ice crystal ; pressure ; molecular dynamics ; Grüneisen parameter ; modelling ; ab initio calculation ; freezing ; nanoscale pores ; quasi-liquid layer ; electron paramagnetic resonance ; potential of mean force ; gas hydrate ; spin labeling ; pre-decomposition pressure ; mW model ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 4
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    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This publication presents results of an interdisciplinary field study assessing the contribution of biological and inorganic processes in the mobilisation and accumulation of arsenic in groundwater of the Bengal Delta Plain, West Bengal. Investigations were focussed on the distribution of arsenic in sediments and shallow groundwater of two representative study sites. All results were combined in an effort to develop a conceptional model describing the mobility of arsenic in West Bengal aquifers.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Arsenic ; Groundwater ; Bengal Delta Plain ; Groundwater abstraction ; West Bengal ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: Metasurfaces, the two-dimensional analog of metamaterials, have attracted progressively increasing attention in recent years due to their planar configurations and, thus, ease of fabrication, while enabling an unprecedented control over optical fields. The phase, amplitude, polarization, helicity, and even angular momentum of the reflected or transmitted optical fields can be controlled at will by tailoring optically thin planar arrays of resonant subwavelength elements arranged in a periodic or aperiodic manner. As a result, numerous applications and fascinating devices have been realized by designed planar metasurfaces, including beam deflectors, wave plates, flat lenses, holograms, surface wave couplers, and freeform metasurfaces. This Special Issue is launched to provide a possibility for researchers in the area of metasurfaces to highlight the most recent exciting developments and discuss different metasurface configurations in depth, so as to further promote practical applications of metasurfaces. There are 12 papers selected for this Special Issue, representing fascinating progress and potential applications in the area of metasurfaces, which is highly recommended and believed to benefit readers in various aspects.
    Schlagwort(e): QA1-939 ; QC1-999 ; multifunctional metasurfaces ; metasurface-based devices and applications ; Pancharatnam–Berry metasurfaces ; reflective metasurfaces ; nonlinear metasurfaces ; physics of metasurfaces ; dielectric metasurfaces ; free form and conformal metasurfaces ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: An important, open research topic today is to understand the relevance that dark matter halo substructure may have for dark matter searches. In the standard cosmological model, halo substructure or subhalos are predicted to be largely abundant inside larger halos, for example, galaxies such as ours, and are thought to form first and later merge to form larger structures. Dwarf satellite galaxies—the most massive exponents of halo substructure in our own galaxy—are already known to be excellent targets for dark matter searches, and indeed, they are constantly scrutinized by current gamma-ray experiments in the search for dark matter signals. Lighter subhalos not massive enough to have a visible counterpart of stars and gas may be good targets as well, given their typical abundances and distances. In addition, the clumpy distribution of subhalos residing in larger halos may boost the dark matter signals considerably. In an era in which gamma-ray experiments possess, for the first time, the exciting potential to put to test the preferred dark matter particle theories, a profound knowledge of dark matter astrophysical targets and scenarios is mandatory should we aim for accurate predictions of dark matter-induced fluxes for investing significant telescope observing time on selected targets and for deriving robust conclusions from our dark matter search efforts. In this regard, a precise characterization of the statistical and structural properties of subhalos becomes critical. In this Special Issue, we aim to summarize where we stand today on our knowledge of the different aspects of the dark matter halo substructure; to identify what are the remaining big questions, and how we could address these; and, by doing so, to find new avenues for research.
    Schlagwort(e): QB1-991 ; Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; gamma rays ; indirect searches. ; semi-analytic modeling ; cosmological model ; indirect dark matter searches ; particle dark matter ; indirect detection ; gamma-rays and neutrinos ; galactic subhalos ; indirect searches ; statistical data analysis ; subhalo boost ; dark matter halos ; halo substructure ; structure formation ; dark matter annihilation ; dark matter searches ; dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies ; galactic sub-halos ; subhalos ; dwarf spheroidal galaxies ; gamma-rays ; cosmological N-body simulations ; dark matter ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: Emergent quantum mechanics explores the possibility of an ontology for quantum mechanics. The resurgence of interest in ""deeper-level"" theories for quantum phenomena challenges the standard, textbook interpretation. The book presents expert views that critically evaluate the significance—for 21st century physics—of ontological quantum mechanics, an approach that David Bohm helped pioneer. The possibility of a deterministic quantum theory was first introduced with the original de Broglie-Bohm theory, which has also been developed as Bohmian mechanics. The wide range of perspectives that were contributed to this book on the occasion of David Bohm’s centennial celebration provide ample evidence for the physical consistency of ontological quantum mechanics. The book addresses deeper-level questions such as the following: Is reality intrinsically random or fundamentally interconnected? Is the universe local or nonlocal? Might a radically new conception of reality include a form of quantum causality or quantum ontology? What is the role of the experimenter agent? As the book demonstrates, the advancement of ‘quantum ontology’—as a scientific concept—marks a clear break with classical reality. The search for quantum reality entails unconventional causal structures and non-classical ontology, which can be fully consistent with the known record of quantum observations in the laboratory.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; non-locality ; ultraviolet divergence ; constraints ; Kilmister equation ; bohmian mechanics ; epistemic agent ; Bohmian mechanics ; relational space ; Feynman paths ; Langevin equation ; quantum causality ; emergent quantum gravity ; quantum ontology ; interpretations ; emergent quantum state ; undecidable dynamics ; molecule interference ; emergent quantum mechanics ; no-hidden-variables theorems ; mind–body problem ; physical ontology ; quantum foundations ; matter-wave optics ; conscious agent ; diffusion constant ; Bell theorem ; Burgers equation ; objective non-signaling constraint ; self-referential dynamics ; Bell inequality ; interpretation ; photochemistry ; Born rule statistics ; sub-quantum dynamics ; dynamical chaos ; weak measurement ; p-adic metric ; Levi-Civita connection ; David Bohm ; H-theorem ; the causal arrow of time ; strong coupling ; vortical dynamics ; fundamental irreversibility ; magnetic deflectometry ; quantum thermodynamics ; de Broglie–Bohm interpretation of quantum mechanics ; wavefunction nodes ; stochastic quantum dynamics ; entropic gravity ; metrology ; Schrödinger equation ; gauge freedom ; Monte Carlo simulations ; micro-constituents ; nonequilibrium thermodynamics ; Bell’s theorem ; emergent space-time ; spin ; quantum field theory ; time-symmetry ; Gaussian-like solutions ; Hamiltonian ; number theory ; fractional velocity ; ergodicity ; fractal geometry ; atomic metastable states ; operator thermodynamic functions ; Canonical Presentation ; Retrocausation ; interpretations of quantum mechanics ; Bohm theory ; quantum mechanics ; zero-point field ; conspiracy ; pilot wave ; quantum holism ; toy-models ; curvature tensor ; Aharonov–Bohm effect ; computational irreducibility ; Stochastic Electrodynamics ; diffraction ; retrocausality ; resonances in quantum systems ; stochastic differential equations ; Bianchi identity ; past of the photon ; commutator ; relational interpretation of quantum mechanics ; free will ; nomology ; trajectories ; primitive ontology ; Mach–Zehnder interferometer ; weak values ; singular limit ; interior-boundary condition ; Poincaré recurrence ; quantum inaccessibility ; symplectic camel ; surrealistic trajectories ; observables ; Stern-Gerlach ; decoherence ; quantum non-equilibrium ; generalized Lagrangian paths ; superdeterminism ; black hole thermodynamics ; nonlocality ; measurement problem ; entropy and time evolution ; bouncing oil droplets ; spontaneous state reduction ; quantum theory ; many interacting worlds ; complex entropy. ; Turing incomputability ; iterant ; space-time fluctuations ; quantum potential ; ontological quantum mechanics ; photon trajectory ; Dove prism ; the Friedrichs model ; contextuality ; discrete calculus ; transition probability amplitude ; gravity ; pilot-wave theory ; matter-waves ; de Broglie-Bohm theory ; covariant quantum gravity ; atom-surface scattering ; de Broglie–Bohm theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: The book continues with an experimental analysis conducted to obtain accurate and complete information about electric vehicles in different traffic situations and road conditions. For the experimental analysis in this study, three different electric vehicles from the Edinburgh College leasing program were equipped and tracked to obtain over 50 GPS and energy consumption data for short distance journeys in the Edinburgh area and long-range tests between Edinburgh and Bristol. In the following section, an adaptive and robust square root cubature Kalman filter based on variational Bayesian approximation and Huber’s M-estimation is proposed to accurately estimate state of charge (SOC), which is vital for safe operation and efficient management of lithium-ion batteries. A coupled-inductor DC-DC converter with a high voltage gain is proposed in the following section to match the voltage of a fuel cell stack to a DC link bus. Finally, the book presents a review of the different approaches that have been proposed by various authors to mitigate the impact of electric buses and electric taxis on the future smart grid.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; adaptive ; electric vehicle ; state of charge (SOC) ; high voltage gain ; lithium-ion battery ; climate change ; ssustainable transport ; driving cycle ; smart grid ; robust ; battery powered vehicle ; Huber’s M-estimation ; electric taxi ; public transportation ; sustainable development ; DC-DC converter ; square root cubature Kalman filter (SRCKF) ; coupled inductor ; fuel cell vehicles ; charging approaches ; ripple minimization current ; variational Bayesian approximation ; electric propulsion ; electric bus ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: In disordered solids, two-level atomic-tunneling systems are present in large quantity. Only recently, superconducting qubits opened a door for a detection and individual coherent manipulation of such microscopic quantum systems. We succeeded to tune the resonance frequencies of these systems by applying external strain on the qubit chip. Moreover, we observed and analyzed the interaction between two coupled tunneling systems.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; two-level systemQuantenbit ; Qubit ; qubit ; Superconducting qubit ; TunnelsystemQuantum bit ; TLS ; tunneling system ; phase qubit ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 10
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    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This work describes the development of an ultra-light-weight Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS), its detailed qualification, ground-based and airborne applications and studies on VOC emissions in connection with fossil fuel production. The new system was used aboard a mobile laboratory in order to investigate the chemical fingerprints of the diverse emitters at oil and natural gas well pads. Emissions of aromatic hydrocarbons at a hydraulically fractured well have been studied.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; PTR-MS Flüchtige organische Verbindungen Hydraulic Fracturing Aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe Flugzeuggestützte MessungenPTR-MS Volatile organic compounds Hydraulic Fracturing Aromatic hydrocarbons Airborne measurements ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: Accurate solar radiation knowledge and its characterization on the Earth’s surface are of high interest in many aspects of environmental and engineering sciences. Modeling of solar irradiance from satellite imagery has become the most widely used method for retrieving solar irradiance information under total sky conditions, particularly in the solar energy community. Solar radiation modeling, forecasting, and characterization continue to be broad areas of study, research, and development in the scientific community. This Special Issue contains a small sample of the current activities in this field. Both the environmental and climatology community, as the solar energy world, share a great interest in improving modeling tools and capabilities for obtaining more reliable and accurate knowledge of solar irradiance components worldwide. The work presented in this Special Issue also remarks on the significant role that remote sensing technologies play in retrieving and forecasting solar radiation information.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; PAR ; motion vector field ; radiative transfer ; global horizontal irradiance ; evapotranspiration ; HRV ; Kato bands ; understory light condition ; California Delta ; validation ; aerosol impact ; remote sensing ; solar radiation ; nowcasting ; India ; cloud categories ; Clouds and the Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES) ; brightness temperature ; Himawari-8/Advanced Meteorological Imager (Himawari-8/AHI) ; water vapor ; clear sky index ; water resource management ; broadband albedo at the top of the atmosphere (TOA albedo) ; data fusion ; solar energy ; shortwave radiation ; AMESIS ; satellite-derived dataset ; insolation ; solar variability ; subcanopy light regime ; clustering analysis ; solar energy systems ; forest canopy ; radiance ; MSG ; GOES satellites ; radiation model ; solar radiation trends ; clear sky ; downward shortwave radiation ; reflected shortwave radiation at the top of the atmosphere (RSR) ; SEVIRI ; photosynthetically active radiation ; surface solar radiation ; solar irradiance ; earth observation ; high turbidity ; Geostationary Korea Multi-Purse Satellite/Advanced Meteorological Imager (GK-2A/AMI) ; Solis scheme ; solar radiation forecasting ; surface energy balance ; light attenuation ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 12
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    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste as such or together with food waste, press water or patatoes sludge was investigated to equilibrate methane production within a day or over the weekend, when no OFMSW was available. A stable co-digestion process could be achieved with COD degradation between 60 and 80 %. The max. organic loading rates were 28 kg COD/L,d. For stable methane production the OLR during Co-digestion should not excede 22,5 kg/L,d.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Food waste ; Potatoes sludge ; Organic fraction of municipal solid waste ; Methane production ; Anaerobic digestion ; Co-digestion ; Press water ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 13
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: The main objectives of this book are (i) to investigate the electrochemical behavior and the analytical performance of a novel ultramicroelectrode array (UMEA); (ii) to assess the analytical parameters of square-wave anodic stripping voltammetric measurements (SWASV) using the UMEA; and (iii) to estimate the potential of the UMEA in developing decentralised analytical equipments for the determination of trace concentrations of heavy metals in natural waters. Surface analytical techniques (SEM, ESEM, and AFM) showed that the UMEA chips are of high quality in manufacture. Cyclic voltammetric and chronoamperometric experiments proved that the electrochemical behavior of the UMEA is dominated by the features characteristic for single microelectrodes.Chronocoulometry was found to be the most suitable method in generating the Hg-film of good quality. A new UMEA chip could be plated at least ten times, corresponding to about 500 measurements of trace metals in synthetic aqueous solutions. Using SWASV, detection limits of 〈0.1 ï¿g/l could be achieved for the metals (Pb, Cd). Precision and accuracy were found to be approx +/-10% of RSD.In natural waters, the results obtained with the UMEA sensor showed a reasonably good agreement with HR-ICP-MS analyses. Different experimental parameters were optimised and investigated. Interferences (e.g., DOC) were significantly reduced through medium exchange and standard addition. Ultrasonic bath proved to be very efficient in resurfacing electrodes in laboratory.The UMEA sensor shows a great potential in developing a portable trace metal analyzer. However, for in situ and on-site measurements, the protection of the UMEA sensor from fouling seems to be inevitable. In order to achieve a pure microelectrode behavior with the UMEA, increasing the ratio of interelectrode distance to electrode diameter is recommended for further developments.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Schwermetall ; Geochemie ; Chemischer Sensor ; Elektrochemischer Sensor ; Mikroelektrode ; Sensor ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: In the last decades, inedible lignocellulosic biomasses have attracted significant attention for being abundant resources that are not in competition with agricultural land or food production and, therefore, can be used as starting renewable material for the production of a wide variety of platform chemicals. The three main components of lignocellulosic biomasses are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, complex biopolymers that can be converted into a pool of platform molecules including sugars, polyols, alchols, ketons, ethers, acids and aromatics. Various technologies have been explored for their one-pot conversion into chemicals, fuels and materials. However, in order to develop new catalytic processes for the selective production of desired products, a complete understanding of the molecular aspects of the basic chemistry and reactivity of biomass derived molecules is still crucial. This Special Issue reports on recent progress and advances in the catalytic valorization of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin model molecules promoted by novel heterogeneous systems for the production of energy, fuels and chemicals.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; n/a ; hemicellulose ; catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis reactions ; furfural ; ZSM-5 ; syngas ; renewable aromatics ; Diels–Alder ; lignin ; hydroisomerization ; levulinic acid ; bio-oil upgrade ; metal ferrites ; aromatic ethers ; hierarchical zeolites ; Chilean natural zeolites ; bioethanol ; renewable p-xylene ; desilication ; dimethylfuran ; GC/MS characterization ; biomass ; H-donor molecules ; heterogeneous catalysis ; polyols ; Brønsted acids sites ; spinels ; solketal ; glycerol ; chemical-loop reforming ; zeolite ; cellulose ; insulating oils ; hydrogenolysis ; lignocellulosic biomasses ; bio-insulating oil ; glycidol ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 15
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    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: In this work two ideas of using individual metal organic molecules in applications for data storage are presented. On the one hand, metal-free phthalocyanine is used to form a GMR contact consisting of one single molecule leading to the world smallest magnetic sensor. On the other hand, chromium acetylacetonate was used to study the properties of magnetic molecules adsorbed on surfaces in order to build magnetic bits for date storage.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; spintronics ; nanotechnology ; magnetic sensors ; giant magneto resistance ; organic electronics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 16
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    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Atmospheric processes, such as wind, impact the ground motion of the earth and have the potential to induce strong broad-band noise in seismological records. In order to quantify the influence of wind on ground motion velocity joint seismological and meteorological measurements were conducted at the Dead Sea.Results reveal a pronounced impact of wind on seismological records. A methodology is presented to account for the dependency of PSD of ground motion velocity on the horizontal wind field.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Wind ; Microseisms ; Wind speed ; Topography ; Totes Meer ; TopographieSeismology ; Seismologie ; Rauschspektrum ; Dead Sea ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 17
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: Fractional calculus is allowing integrals and derivatives of any positive order (the term fractional is kept only for historical reasons). It can be considered a branch of mathematical physics that deals with integro-differential equations, where integrals are of convolution type and exhibit mainly singular kernels of power law or logarithm type. It is a subject that has gained considerably popularity and importance in the past few decades in diverse fields of science and engineering. Efficient analytical and numerical methods have been developed but still need particular attention. The purpose of this Special Issue is to establish a collection of articles that reflect the latest mathematical and conceptual developments in the field of fractional calculus and explore the scope for applications in applied sciences.
    Schlagwort(e): QA1-939 ; QC1-999 ; fractional calculus ; numerical methods ; fractional derivatives and integrals ; integral transforms and high transcendental functions ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 18
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    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: High-resolution regional ensemble climate simulations with the regional climate model COSMO-CLM are performed for Southwest Germany to study the sensitivity of meteorological and hydrological variables to parameter settings. The soil-vegetation model VEG3D is implemented into COSMO-CLM to assess the impact of the lower atmospheric boundary on simulation results. A statistical-dynamical downscaling method is tested to shorten the simulation time for regional climate studies.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; regional climate modelling ; climate ; sensitivity studies ; COSMO-CLM ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 19
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    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Doppler radars provide unique 3D information about precipitating clouds in high spatial and temporal resolutions. However, the observed quantities (reflectivity, Doppler velocity and polarization properties) are not directly comparable to the variables of numerical prediction models. In order to enable radar data assimilation, a comprehensive modular radar forward operator has been developed.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; NWP model ; radar simulator ; parallelized and vectorized code ; weather forecast ; data assimilation ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 20
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    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: While the universal quantum computer seems not in reach for the near future, this work focusses on analog quantum simulation of intriguing quantum models of light-matter interactions, with the goal of achieving a computational speed-up as compared to classical hardware. Existing building blocks of quantum hardware are used from superconducting circuits, that have proven to be a very suitable experimental platform for the implementation of model Hamiltonians at a high degree of controllability.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Festkörperphysik ; superconductivity ; quantum bit ; solid state physics ; Quantensimulation ; Quantenbits ; Quantenmechanik ; Supraleitung ; quantum computation ; Quantum simulation ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 21
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: The emission of dibenzofurans and dioxins from industrial processes is a major environmental concern. Focussing on dibenzofuran, this study tend to improve our understanding of the general oxidation chemistry and to provide a mechanism suitable for future modelling studies. Based on quantum chemical methods, energies, chemical structures and reactions are calculated numerically. Not only stable molecules and radicals, but also transition states are reported in this work.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; ADD ; Shower parametrization ; extra dimensions ; shower parameterisation ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 22
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Historically, the notion of entropy emerged in conceptually very distinct contexts. This book deals with the connection between entropy, probability, and fractional dynamics as they appeared, for example, in solar neutrino astrophysics since the 1970's (Mathai and Rathie 1975, Mathai and Pederzoli 1977, Mathai and Saxena 1978, Mathai, Saxena, and Haubold 2010). The original solar neutrino problem, experimentally and theoretically, was resolved through the discovery of neutrino oscillations and was recently enriched by neutrino entanglement entropy. To reconsider possible new physics of solar neutrinos, diffusion entropy analysis, utilizing Boltzmann entropy, and standard deviation analysis was undertaken with Super-Kamiokande solar neutrino data. This analysis revealed a non-Gaussian signal with harmonic content. The Hurst exponent is different from the scaling exponent of the probability density function and both Hurst exponent and scaling exponent of the Super-Kamiokande data deviate considerably from the value of ½, which indicates that the statistics of the underlying phenomenon is anomalous. Here experiment may provide guidance about the generalization of theory of Boltzmann statistical mechanics. Arguments in the so-called Boltzmann-Planck-Einstein discussion related to Planck's discovery of the black-body radiation law are recapitulated mathematically and statistically and emphasize from this discussion is pursued that a meaningful implementation of the complex ‘entropy-probability-dynamics’ may offer two ways for explaining the results of diffusion entropy analysis and standard deviation analysis. One way is to consider an anomalous diffusion process that needs to use the fractional space-time diffusion equation (Gorenflo and Mainardi) and the other way is to consider a generalized Boltzmann entropy by assuming a power law probability density function. Here new mathematical framework, invented by sheer thought, may provide guidance for the generalization of Boltzmann statistical mechanics. In this book Boltzmann entropy, generalized by Tsallis and Mathai, is considered. The second one contains a varying parameter that is used to construct an entropic pathway covering generalized type-1 beta, type-2 beta, and gamma families of densities. Similarly, pathways for respective distributions and differential equations can be developed. Mathai's entropy is optimized under various conditions reproducing the well-known Boltzmann distribution, Raleigh distribution, and other distributions used in physics. Properties of the entropy measure for the generalized entropy are examined. In this process the role of special functions of mathematical physics, particularly the H-function, is highlighted.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; geometrical probabilities ; fractional calculus ; mathematical physics ; applied analysis ; entropic functional ; statistical distributions ; multivariate analysis ; special functions ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 23
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: Micro-power domestic organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems and the selection of the expander and the working fluid are presented, analyzed thoroughly, and numerically evaluated. A promising decentralized hybrid PV-SOFC system is investigated for providing useful energy supply to commercial buildings, capable of power and heat generation at a lower cost. A hybrid solar-combined cycle power plant integrated with a packed-bed thermal energy storage system with a novel recycling configuration enables robust control of collector temperature and net power during times of high solar activity. An automated hybrid (solar and biomass) power plant for thermal energy production for indoor space heating loads coverage is presented. A comprehensive and up-to-date literature review is presented of non-iterative methods for the extraction of the single diode model parameters of photovoltaic modules. A prototype custom built two-speed gearbox with a single stage transmission electric vehicle achieves significant reductions in the overall energy consumption. Two new fuzzy models are presented of high concentrator photovoltaics using the high-accuracy Takagi–Sugeno–Kang approach and the ease of interpreting the Mamdani linguistic rules. Finally, the impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in the primary frequency regulation is studied and the effects of PHEVs in non-interconnected isolated power systems with significant renewable energy source (RES) penetration are demonstrated through simulations of the isolated power system of Cyprus Island.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; concentrated solar power ; artificial neural network ; ad hoc data-driven generation ; simulation ; hybrid system ; multi-vane expander ; scheduled charging ; decentralized system ; transmission ; review ; electric vehicle ; heating and cooling loads ; fuzzy rule-based systems ; energy consumption ; maximum power prediction ; photovoltaic (PV) ; 2-speed ; single-diode model ; explicit ; primary frequency control (PFC) ; gear change ; high concentrator photovoltaic modules ; experimental analysis ; adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system ; CVT ; ORC ; working fluid ; Lambert W function ; analytical ; hybridization ; vehicle-to-grid (V2G) ; thermal energy storage ; biomass-solar combi systems ; five parameters ; numerical analysis ; isolated power system dynamic simulation ; renewable energy systems modeling ; parameters extraction ; solar collectors’ simulation ; photovoltaic ; aggregator ; control ; solid oxide fuel cells ; battery storage ; thermoeconomic modeling ; combined-heat-and-power ; buildings energy performance upgrade ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 24
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-31
    Beschreibung: Due to the influence of pore-throat size distribution, pore connectivity, and microscale fractures, the transport, distribution, and residual saturation of fluids in porous media are difficult to characterize. Petrophysical methods in natural porous media have attracted great attention in a variety of fields, especially in the oil and gas industry. A wide range of research studies have been conducted on the characterization of porous media covers and multiphase flow therein. Reliable approaches for characterizing microstructure and multiphase flow in porous media are crucial in many fields, including the characterization of residual water or oil in hydrocarbon reservoirs and the long-term storage of supercritical CO2 in geological formations. This book gathers together 15 recent works to emphasize fundamental innovations in the field and novel applications of petrophysics in unconventional reservoirs, including experimental studies, numerical modeling (fractal approach), and multiphase flow modeling/simulations. The relevant stakeholders of this book are authorities and service companies working in the petroleum, subsurface water resources, air and water pollution, environmental, and biomaterial sectors.
    Schlagwort(e): QC801-809 ; Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; liquid rate ; particle size ; greenhouse gas emission ; wellbore multiphase flow ; oscillating motion ; oil tanker ; Lattice Boltzmann method ; base-level cycle ; fracture characterization and prediction ; submarine landslide ; Wilkins equation ; bulk density ; low-temperature nitrogen adsorption ; unconventional reservoirs ; air-entry value ; fractal model ; tight sandstone ; hazard prevention ; South China Sea ; loose media ; soil-water characteristic curve ; tight conglomerate ; supercritical CO2 ; creep ; seepage resistance ; classification ; mouth bar sand body ; Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) ; digital rock ; methane ; coal ; marine gas hydrate ; pore structure ; acoustic emission ; porous media ; damage ; initial void ratio ; Huanghua Depression ; fractal method ; gas rate ; petrophysics ; fractal porous media ; true density ; multilayer reservoir ; microfractures ; multifractal ; overburden pressure ; turbulence modelling ; numerical simulation ; diffusion coefficient ; inclined angle ; Ordos Basin ; producing degree ; pore-scale simulations ; lifecycle management ; porosity ; fractal dimension ; fractional derivative ; interlayer interference ; isotopic composition ; non-laminar flow ; temperature drop ; CT ; Bakken Formation ; salt rock ; gas hydrate ; multiphase flow ; oil properties ; pressure drawdown model with new coefficients ; controlling factors
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 25
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-31
    Beschreibung: The 11th International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and their Applications (ICAMDATA) was held on November 11–15, 2018, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and was organized by the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian. This meeting is a continuation of a series which began in 1997 that was chartered to promote the use of atomic and molecular (AM) data in various fields of science and technology, to provide a forum for the interaction of AM data producers and users, and to foster crossdisciplinary cooperation between AM data producers and users as the coordination of AM data activities and databases worldwide.
    Schlagwort(e): QC770-798 ; Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; atomic structure ; energy levels ; cross section ; Cowan code ; molecules ; electronic excitation ; hydrogen molecule ; rotational excitation ; electron scattering ; electron-impact excitation ; atoms ; inelastic scattering ; momentum transfer ; transition probabilities ; web ; charge exchange ; VAMDC ; noble gas ions ; databases ; cross sections ; N2 ; elastic scattering ; ionization ; scattering ; dissociation ; semiempirical parametric calculations
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 26
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Die Text- und Quellensammlung entstand als Arbeitsgrundlage für eine Exkursion nach Hamburg. Studierende der Architektur setzten sich mit der Frage auseinander, inwiefern sich der Umgang mit den Baumaterialien Ziegel und Klinker in konstruktiver und gestalterischer Hinsicht im Laufe der Zeit gewandelt hat. Der Fokus der Analysen wurde auf die Zeitspanne zwischen 1880 und 1930 gerichtet, da in diesen Dekaden das Bauen mit ""Backstein"" besonders starken Veränderungen unterworfen war.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Backstein ; Ziegel ; Klinker ; Hamburg ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 27
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-31
    Beschreibung: This book is a collection of contributions to the Special Issue “Historical Acoustics: Relationships between People and Sound over Time”. The research presented here aims to explore the origins of acoustics and examine the relationships that have evolved over the centuries between people and auditory phenomena. Sounds have indeed accompanied human civilizations since the beginning of time, helping them to make sense of the world and to shape their cultures. Several key topics emerged, such as the acoustics of historical worship buildings, the acoustics of sites of archaeological interest, the acoustics of historical opera houses, and the topic of soundscapes as cultural intangible heritage. The book, as a whole, reflects the vibrant research activity around the “acoustics of the past”, which will hopefully be serve as a foundation for inspiring the future path of this discipline.
    Schlagwort(e): QC221-246 ; Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; military history ; choir space ; reverberation time ; n/a ; Lazarica church ; acoustic heritage ; shape optimisation ; Spanish cathedrals ; sound ; architectural heritage ; cathedral acoustics ; theatre ; ancient Greek theatre ; music ; EDT ; acoustics ; architectural conservation ; restoration ; archaeoacoustics ; Süleymaniye Mosque ; historic soundscapes ; cave ; history ; cultural heritage ; worship acoustics ; Hagia Sophia ; Stonehenge ; digital humanities ; medieval building ; Classical Era ; room acoustics ; reverberation ; general’s harangue ; open-air performance space ; speech intelligibility ; archives ; church acoustics ; opera house ; political theater ; historical structures ; archeoacoustics ; Julius Caesar ; scenery ; historical speeches ; soundscapes ; soundscape survey ; archaeology ; Chaco Canyon ; memorial ; York Minster ; heritage acoustics ; acoustic simulation ; Ancestral Puebloan ; clarity ; acoustic design ; sound mapping ; Berlin Wall
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 28
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-31
    Beschreibung: Satellite altimetry is a radar technique for measuring the topography of the Earth’s surface. It was initially designed for measuring the ocean’s topography, with reference to an ellipsoid, and for the determination of the marine geoid. Satellite altimetry has provided extremely valuable information on ocean science (e.g., circulation surface geostrophic currents, eddy structures, wave heights, and the propagation of oceanic Kelvin and Rossby waves). With more than 25 years of observations, it is also becoming vital to climate research, providing accurate measurements of sea level variations from regional to global scales. Altimetry has also demonstrated a strong potential for geophysical, cryospheric, and hydrological research and is now commonly used for the monitoring of Arctic and Antarctic ice sheet topography and of terrestrial surface water levels. This book aims to present reviews and recent advances of general interest in the use of radar altimetry in Earth sciences. Manuscripts are related to any aspect of radar altimetry technique or geophysical applications. We also encourage manuscripts resulting from the application of new altimetric technology (SAR, SARin, and Ka band) and improvements expected from missions to be launched in the near future (i.e., SWOT).
    Schlagwort(e): QC801-809 ; Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; water level ; ALES ; wet path delay ; CryoSat-2 ; water volume transport ; water level time series ; storm surge ; filtering ; validation ; polar ocean ; ocean tides ; satellite altimetry ; lake level ; classification ; ENVISAT ; numerical modelling ; PISTACH ; water levels ; evaporation ; geodesy ; waveform ; ALES retracker ; waveform retracking ; unsupervised classification ; CryosSat-2 SAR ; peakiness ; Envisat ; Jason-2 ; calibration ; SARAL ; ACC ; microwave radiometer ; ocean geostrophy ; data processing ; fine scale ; SWOT ; orbit decay ; Aral Sea ; geodetic orbit ; radar altimetry ; oceanography ; streamflow ; K-medoids ; retracking ; ice ; SWOT simulator ; coastal altimetry ; Ka-band ; western Mediterranean Sea ; topography of the intertidal zone ; FVCOM ; HY-2A ; inland water ; tide gauge ; discharge ; ERS-2 ; marine gravity ; wet tropospheric correction ; South China Sea ; stack data ; upper layer thickness ; drifting orbit ; hydrology ; Sentinel-3 ; two-layer ocean model ; satellite geodesy ; Fram Strait ; space gravity ; leads ; satellite altimeter ; range precision ; sensor calibration ; ROMS model ; X-TRACK ; SAR ; Inner Niger Delta ; Greenland Sea ; Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) ; Mekong Basin ; altimetry ; Hong Kong coast ; soil moisture ; Argo ; Southern Ocean ; Landsat ; dielectric permittivity ; sea surface height ; lake volume
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 29
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: The initiation of atmospheric convection is investigated using the synergy of different instruments. The impact of increased spatial data resolution on the detection of the initiation of deep convection is analysed, and a methodology is developed to determine the likelihood of deep convection over flat and complex terrains. Intensive Observation Periods (IOPs) are used from the Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP), and the Convective and Orographically-Induced Precipitation Study (COPS).
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; COPS ; Wasserdampf ; atmosphärische Grenzschicht ; Konvektion ; deep convection ; water vapour ; CSIP ; COPSatmospheric boundary layer ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 30
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    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: After description of the uranium / plutonium fuel cycle results are reported for various isotopic compositions of reactor-grade plutonium for usability in hypothetical nuclear explosive devices. It is shown that it is mainly thermal analyses, besides neutron physics analyses, which indicate the limits of concentration of the Pu-238 plutonium isotope. Above these limits, such hypothetical nuclear explosive devices are not feasible technically. In the light of this finding, future proliferation-proof fuel cycles are proposed which make use of recent methods of actinide transmutation.The author is honorary professor at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and emeritus director of the former Institute for Neutron Physics and Reactor Engineering of the former Karlsruhe Research Center. For many years he was a member and, for some time, chairman of the German Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards (RSK).He is a member of the European Nuclear Society (ENS) and a member and fellow of the American Nuclear Society (ANS).
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Non-Proliferation ; Nuclear Fuel Cycle ; Proliferation-proof ; Plutonium ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 31
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: Through reading this book, you will obtain information on: (1) the main problems in air separation and natural gas treatment by membrane separation and how to solve them; (2) processes involving membranes and new membrane materials for the more economical utilization of bio-resources; (3) energy selection and membrane development for more expedient and stable harnessing of the natural osmosis phenomenon; (4) many excellent contributions about catalytic membrane bioreactors; (5) how to fine-tune the arrangement of aquaporins (i.e., proteins identified in biological cells) to achieve superior water treatment efficiency.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; n/a ; membrane ; draw solutes ; regeneration ; steam explosion ; wastewater treatment ; lignin ; hydrogen ; supported ionic liquid membranes ; chlorine resistance ; photocatalytic membrane ; thin-film composite ; photocatalytic membrane reactors ; single-sites ; pore modification ; polyimide ; separation ; dynamic membrane filtration ; microalgae ; structural stability ; energy ; fine chemistry ; pre-reforming ; costs ; fractionation ; carbon dioxide ; glucose ; alkanes ; immobilization ; biomimetic ; aquaporins ; nanofiltration ; interfacial polymerization ; cell disruption ; gas separation ; steam reforming ; plasticization ; xylose ; forward osmosis ; zeolite membrane ; membrane separation ; dopamine ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 32
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: The scope of this work is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the aerosol pollution in the megacity Beijing. The focus lies on the interaction of anthropogenic and geogenic aerosol particles, their spatio-temporal variation, the most important pollution sources as well as the impact of particulate aerosols on human health and the environment. Furthermore, the bioavailable fraction of metal concentrations and the effect of mitigation measures during the 2008 Olympic Games were evaluated.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Urban aerosols ; Single particle analyses ; Anthropogenic and geogenic particles ; Bioavailable metal concentrations ; Mitigation measures ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 33
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    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: By using COSMO-ART, highly resolved process study simulations for 2-3 July 2016 are conducted to assess the aerosol effect on the meteorological conditions of southern West Africa. The meteorological phenomenon Evening Monsoon Flow Enhancement (EMFE) is identified as highly susceptible to the aerosol direct effect, leading to a spatial shift of the EMFE front. In a second aerosol feedback chain the aerosol variation leads to a temporal shift of the stratus-to-cumulus transition.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; COSMO-ART ; Wolken ; Aerosol ; Westafrikanischer Monsun ; clouds ; West African monsoon ; Nächtlicher Stratus ; COSMO-ARTaerosol ; nocturnal stratus ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 34
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: Mathematical ecology is an area of applied mathematics concerned with the application of mathematical concepts, tools and techniques, usually in the form of mathematical models, to problems arising in population dynamics, ecology and evolution. This Special Issue is designed to provide a snapshot of the state of the art in mathematical ecology. Topics of interest are (in no particular order) biological invasions, biological control, ecological pattern formation, ecologically relevant multiscale models, food webs, individual movement and dispersal, eco-epidemiology, evolutionary ecology, agroecosystems, regime shifts and early warning signals, synchronization and chaos. The list is inclusive rather than exclusive, and a few other relevant topics will also be considered.
    Schlagwort(e): QA1-939 ; QH540-549.5 ; QC1-999 ; random walks ; chaos ; individual animal movement ; biodiversity ; environmental stochasticity ; fragmented environment ; dispersal ; biological control ; competition ; nonlocal consumption ; biological invasions ; immune response ; food web ; eco-epidemiology ; prey-predator ; mathematical genealogy ; Levy walks ; ecosystem engineers ; pattern formation ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 35
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Molecular electronics requires both profound knowledge of a molecule's structure and functionality on a surface and controlled positioning between electrodes with nanometer-sized gaps. In the first part of this work, a detailed scanning tunneling microscope study of two variants of oligo(phenylene ethynylene) molecules is presented. In the second part, methods of fabricating carbon nanotube nanogap electrodes as direct contacts to these molecules are explored.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Nanoelektronik Molekulardrähte Rastertunnelmikroskopie Kohlenstoffnanoröhren Nanogap-ElektrodenNanoelectronics Molecular wires Scanning tunneling microscopy Carbon nanotubes Nanogap electrodes ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 36
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    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: The methods of time-efficient simulation of surface-excited wave propagation in plate-like multilayered composites are presented. The mathematical model of wave propagation in laminated plate based on the elasticity theory is transformed and then solved in wavenumber-frequency domain. The numerical methods for computation of inverse transform in time-space domain are developed and used for analysis of wave and energy propagation phenomena occurring in composite plates due to surface excitation.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Lamb waves ; composites ; wave propagation ; piezoelectric actuators ; structural health monitoring ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 37
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    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Phase-field modeling has spread to a variety of applications involving phase transformations.While the method has wide applicability, derivation of quantitative predictions requires deeper understanding of the coupling between the system and model parameters. The book highlights a novel phase-field model based on a grand-potential formalism allowing for an elegant and efficient solution to problems in phase transformations.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; eutectic ; grand-potential ; solidification ; monotectic ; multi-component ; peritectic ; phase-field ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 38
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    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: The water content evolution of model dikes is monitored with geophysical methods. Water content changes are successfully quantified using electrical resistivity tomography. Numerical simulation of water flow in a dike model is used to estimate the variability of water content. Modeling of synthetic data sets is used to evaluate the quality of resistivity quantification using ERT. An ensemble approach is proposed to improve the interpretation of ERT inversions.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; electrical resistivity tomography ; modeling ; water content ; hydrogeophysics ; monitoring ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 39
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: Understanding the origins of the Universe and how it works and evolves is the present mission of a large community of physicists. It calls for a large scale vision, involving general relativity, astrophysics, and cosmology. Theoretical physics is presently at an important moment in its history. As predicted by Einstein, gravitational waves have been experimentally proven to exist. With the discovery of the Higgs boson, the set of interactions and elementary particles that is called the ""standard model"" (SM), is complete. Yet the Higgs boson itself, and how it breaks the electroweak symmetry, remains a fascinating subject requiring further studies and verification. Furthermore, several experimental facts are not accounted for by the SM: (i) the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, (ii) the nature and origin of dark matter, and (iii) the origin of neutrino masses; these have no unique, if any, explanation in the SM and yet will require answers from particle physics. We need to explore further both SM and its extensions. This is a subject of papers included in this book, which gives representation to the topics discussed during the Matter to the Deepest conference in 2019 in Poland (http://indico.if.us.edu.pl/event/5).
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; spacetime ; neutrinos ; gauge symmetry ; beyond Standard Model ; oscillons ; spectrum calculator ; theoretical physics ; lepton masses and mixing ; seesaw mechanism ; neutrino masses ; exotic R4 and cosmology ; W-boson ; axion stars ; radiative masses ; space topology changes ; QED ; exponentiation ; exotic K3 ; scalar sector ; particle physics ; extension of the standard model of particle interactions ; Bose stars ; family symmetry ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
    Format: application/octet-stream
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  • 40
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-31
    Beschreibung: The name of Joseph Fourier is also inseparable from the study of the mathematics of heat. Modern research on heat equations explores the extension of the classical diffusion equation on Riemannian, sub-Riemannian manifolds, and Lie groups. In parallel, in geometric mechanics, Jean-Marie Souriau interpreted the temperature vector of Planck as a space-time vector, obtaining, in this way, a phenomenological model of continuous media, which presents some interesting properties.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; entanglement indicators ; generalized uncertainty principle ; Tsallis entropy ; linear entropy ; quantum-classical relationship ; Wigner–Yanase–Dyson skew information ; deep learning ; spinors in quantum and classical physics ; quantum mechanics ; entropy ; original Bell inequality ; Bohmian dynamics ; qudit states ; square integrable ; uncertainty relation ; quantum bound ; uncertainty relations ; foundations of quantum mechanics ; Born probability rule ; Rényi entropy ; energy quantization ; quantum foundations ; Born rule ; measure of classicality ; minimal observable length ; quantum information ; Kochen–Specker theorem ; neuromorphic computing ; bell inequalities ; successive measurements ; Gleason theorem ; continuous variables ; quantum memory ; perfect correlation/anticorrelation ; quantum trajectory ; quantum computing ; high performance computing ; Quantum Hamilton-Jacobi Formalism ; quantum uncertainty
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 41
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: The many technical and computational problems that appear to be constantly emerging in various branches of physics and engineering beg for a more detailed understanding of the fundamental mathematics that serves as the cornerstone of our way of understanding natural phenomena. The purpose of this Special Issue was to establish a brief collection of carefully selected articles authored by promising young scientists and the world's leading experts in pure and applied mathematics, highlighting the state-of-the-art of the various research lines focusing on the study of analytical and numerical mathematical methods for pure and applied sciences.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; Bessel function ; n/a ; Grünwald–Letnikov derivative ; tensor calculus ; biosorption ; differential equations ; Caputo fractional derivatives of a function with respect to another function ; gamma distribution ; Mittag-Leffler function ; fractional Laplacian ; heavy metals toxicity ; discrete Fourier Transform ; anomalous diffusion ; ultraparabolic equation ; layer potentials ; exterior algebra ; Laplace transform ; Riemann–Liouville derivative ; integral transforms ; fredholmian operators ; time delay ; Orthogonality ; multispecies biofilm ; macroeconomics ; central limit theorem ; DFT in polar coordinates ; Bessel-Riesz motion ; Schur decomposition ; generating operator ; Mittag–Leffler function ; Fourier Theory ; multidimensional DFT ; fractional calculus ; Mellin integral transform ; electromagnetism ; fractional differential equations ; relativistic diffusion equation ; distributed lag ; space-time fractional diffusion equation ; Maxwell equations ; power law ; discrete Hankel Transform ; matrix function ; polar coordinates ; exterior calculus ; method of characteristics ; stable distribution ; mathematical finance ; linear elastostatics ; ultradiffusion process ; probabilistic representation ; Keynesian model ; subordination principle ; Laplace integral transform ; fractional derivative ; differential forms ; fractional integral ; integral equations ; transmutation operator ; operational calculus of Mikusinski type ; Caputo derivative ; Abel-type integral ; free boundary value problem ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 42
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-31
    Beschreibung: The present Special Issue intends to explore new directions in the field of acoustics and ultrasonics. The interest includes, but is not limited to, the use of acoustic technology for condition monitoring of materials and structures. Topics of interest (among others): • Acoustic emission in materials and structures (without material limitation) • Innovative cases of ultrasonic inspection • Wave dispersion and waveguides • Monitoring of innovative materials • Seismic waves • Vibrations, damping and noise control • Combination of mechanical wave techniques with other types for structural health monitoring purposes. Experimental and numerical studies are welcome.
    Schlagwort(e): QC221-246 ; QA1-939 ; QC1-999 ; Vibrations ; Combination of mechanical wave techniques with other types for structural health monitoring purposes ; Innovative cases of ultrasonic inspection ; damping and noise control ; Wave dispersion and waveguides ; Monitoring of innovative materials ; Seismic waves ; Acoustic emission in materials and structures (without material limitation)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Format: application/octet-stream
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  • 43
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    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Electrical power grids are the lifeline of technical infrastructure and fundamental for industry and modern lives. Fault Currents can disrupt the continuous supply of electrical energy, cause instable grid conditions and damage electrical equipment. The Air Coil Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (AC-SFCL) is a measure to effectively limit fault currents. The concept is investigated and proven experimentally by designing, building and successfully testing a 60 kV, 400 V, z = 6% demonstrator.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Netzsicherheit ; energy supply ; EnergieversorgungSuperconductivity ; Kurzschlussstrombegrenzung ; Drosselspule ; fault current limitation ; power grids ; Supraleitung ; air coil ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 44
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    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: We worked on different magnetic molecules containing 3d and 4f magnetic centers. Their growth on metallic surfaces, topographies, spin states, magnetic properties and electron transport were locally investigated by using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at temperatures down to 30mK. The main achievement of this dissertation reveals the abrupt switching of crystal fields during formation of molecular contacts.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Rastertunnelmikroskopie ; inelastic excitation ; molecular contact ; molekularer Kontakt ; einzelnes magnetisches Molekül ; single magnetic molecule ; Spinzustand ; scanning tunneling microscopy ; spin state ; unelastische Erregung ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 45
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: For the 250th birthday of Joseph Fourier, born in 1768 in Auxerre, France, this MDPI Special Issue will explore modern topics related to Fourier Analysis and Heat Equation. Modern developments of Fourier analysis during the 20th century have explored generalizations of Fourier and Fourier–Plancherel formula for non-commutative harmonic analysis, applied to locally-compact, non-Abelian groups. In parallel, the theory of coherent states and wavelets has been generalized over Lie groups. One should add the developments, over the last 30 years, of the applications of harmonic analysis to the description of the fascinating world of aperiodic structures in condensed matter physics. The notions of model sets, introduced by Y. Meyer, and of almost periodic functions, have revealed themselves to be extremely fruitful in this domain of natural sciences. The name of Joseph Fourier is also inseparable from the study of the mathematics of heat. Modern research on heat equations explores the extension of the classical diffusion equation on Riemannian, sub-Riemannian manifolds, and Lie groups. In parallel, in geometric mechanics, Jean-Marie Souriau interpreted the temperature vector of Planck as a space-time vector, obtaining, in this way, a phenomenological model of continuous media, which presents some interesting properties. One last comment concerns the fundamental contributions of Fourier analysis to quantum physics: Quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. The content of this Special Issue will highlight papers exploring non-commutative Fourier harmonic analysis, spectral properties of aperiodic order, the hypoelliptic heat equation, and the relativistic heat equation in the context of Information Theory and Geometric Science of Information.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; signal processing ; thermodynamics ; heat pulse experiments ; quantum mechanics ; variational formulation ; Wigner function ; nonholonomic constraints ; thermal expansion ; homogeneous spaces ; irreversible processes ; time-slicing ; affine group ; Fourier analysis ; non-equilibrium processes ; harmonic analysis on abstract space ; pseudo-temperature ; stochastic differential equations ; fourier transform ; Lie Groups ; higher order thermodynamics ; short-time propagators ; discrete thermodynamic systems ; metrics ; heat equation on manifolds and Lie Groups ; special functions ; poly-symplectic manifold ; non-Fourier heat conduction ; homogeneous manifold ; non-equivariant cohomology ; Souriau-Fisher metric ; Weyl quantization ; dynamical systems ; symplectization ; Weyl-Heisenberg group ; Guyer-Krumhansl equation ; rigged Hilbert spaces ; Lévy processes ; Born–Jordan quantization ; discrete multivariate sine transforms ; continuum thermodynamic systems ; interconnection ; rigid body motions ; covariant integral quantization ; cubature formulas ; Lie group machine learning ; nonequilibrium thermodynamics ; Van Vleck determinant ; Lie groups thermodynamics ; partial differential equations ; orthogonal polynomials ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 46
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: The need to reduce the ecological footprint of water/land/air vehicles in this era of climate change requires pushing the limits regarding the development of lightweight structures and materials. This requires a thorough understanding of their thermomechanical behavior at several stages of the production chain. Moreover, during service, the response of lightweight alloys under the simultaneous influence of mechanical loads and temperature can determine the lifetime and performance of a multitude of structural components. The present Special Issue, comprising eight original research articles, is dedicated to disseminating current efforts around the globe aimed at advancing understanding of the thermomechanical behavior of structural lightweight alloys under processing or service conditions.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; n/a ; microstructure ; strength ; X-ray diffraction ; 7003 alloy ; in situ synchrotron radiation diffraction ; 3D microstructure ; materials modelling ; zinc addition ; tensile test ; connectivity ; DSC ; in-situ tensile deformation ; wire fabrication ; magnesium alloys ; welding ; alloying ; AlMgSi alloy ; LPSO-phase ; mechanical properties ; Mg-Nd-Zn alloys ; thermomechanical treatment ; Cast Al-Si alloys ; EN AW-6082 ; 3D characterization ; damage ; dislocations ; dynamic recrystallization ; powder metallurgy ; aluminum welding ; recovery ; corrosion resistance ; recrystallisation ; numerical simulation ; second phases ; digital image correlation ; ECAP ; aluminum nanocomposites ; deformation behaviour ; thermo-mechanical analysis ; neodymium ; aluminium alloy ; TIG fillers ; electrical conductivity ; TEM ; synchrotron tomography ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 47
    facet.materialart.
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: ca. 200 words; this text will present the book in all promotional forms (e.g. flyers). Please describe the book in straightforward and consumer-friendly terms. Belgium is a small country. The days of mining minerals and ores from the former colony, Congo, have long passed by and the last coal mine was closed 25 years ago. Now, there are hardly any physical resources in Belgium which can be exploited in materials research and development or industry. Materials research in Belgium bypasses this drawback by focussing on highly technological research fields, not requiring vast amounts of raw material. This approach includes the development of new analytical methods for the characterization of materials, research into new advanced functional materials as well as defining new industrial processes utilizing existing materials. This book compiles recent review and research papers from Belgian universities, covering a wide range of research disciplines in materials science. It thus presents a contemporary view on materials research activities in Belgium.
    Schlagwort(e): QD1-999 ; QC1-999 ; functional materials ; Materials science ; catalysis ; construction materials ; optical materials ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 48
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Given their potentially positive impact on climate protection and the preservation of fossil resources, alternative energy sources have become increasingly important for the energy supply over the past years. However, the questions arises what economic and ecological impacts and potential conflicts over land use resources are associated with the promotion of renewable energy production. Using the examples of three selected European Regions in Poland, France and German, the dissertation discusses these questions and examines the potential and consequences of an intensified usage of renewable energy sources.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; GIS ; renewable energy ; regional planning ; land-use conflicts ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 49
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    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This thesis deals with the nonlinear aspects of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) as magnetic meta-atoms. Such meta-atoms are usually resonant structures that constitute the basic building blocks of a metamaterial with the purpose of giving the material unconventional magnetic properties. Due to their intrinsic nonlinearity, SQUIDs exhibit a number of phenomena such as frequency tunability and multi-stability that make them attractive as controllable meta-atoms.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Superconductivity ; Metamaterials ; Multi-stability ; SQUIDs ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 50
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: This book covers the technological progress and developments of a large-scale wind energy conversion system along with its future trends, with each chapter constituting a contribution by a different leader in the wind energy arena. Recent developments in wind energy conversion systems, system optimization, stability augmentation, power smoothing, and many other fascinating topics are included in this book. Chapters are supported through modeling, control, and simulation analysis. This book contains both technical and review articles.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; doubly-fed induction generator ; fault current limiters ; power system ; power smoothing ; fault characteristics ; prediction intervals ; wind forecast ; PI controller ; transmission line ; wake effect ; real fault cases ; reliability of electricity supplies ; load frequency control ; optimization ; reserve power ; battery energy storage system ; wind turbine allocation ; primary frequency control ; low voltage ride through (LVRT) ; de-loading ; fault ride-through ; fault diagnosis and isolation ; fractional order proportional-integral-differential controller ; multi-objective artificial bee colony algorithm ; Fault Ride Through (FRT) ; distance protection ; droop curve ; Distribution Static VAr Compensator(D-SVC) ; Distributed-Flexible AC Transmission system (D-FACTS) ; rotor inertia ; power wind turbine ; LPV observer ; doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) ; squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) ; wind farm ; optimal control ; fuzzy logic controller (FLC) ; wind power forecasting ; wavelet neural network ; DFIG-based wind farm ; permanent magnet synchronous generator ; automatic generation control ; series dynamic braking resistor ; hardware-in-the-loop ; superconductor ; Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (D-STATCOM) ; control wind turbine ; kinetic energy storage ; multiple sensor faults ; large-scale wind farm ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 51
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Coherent structures are patterns in the wind field of the atmospheric boundary layer. The deployment of two scanning Doppler lidars facilitates the measurement of the horizontal wind field, but the inherent averaging processes complicate an interpretation of the results. To assess the suitability of this technique for coherent structure detection large-eddy simulations are used as a basis for virtual measurements, and the effects of the lidar technique on the wind field structure are analyzed.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Doppler-Lidar ; atmosphärische GrenzschichtDoppler-lidar ; Meteorologie ; large-eddy simulation ; meteorology ; kohärente Strukturen ; boundary layer ; coherent structures ; Grobstruktursimulation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 52
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Spectral lines, widths, and shapes are powerful tools for emitting/absorbing gas diagnostics in different astrophysical objects (from the solar system to the most distant objects in the universe—quasars). On the other hand, experimental and theoretical investigations of laboratory plasma have been applied in spectroscopic astrophysical research, especially in research on atomic data needed for line shape calculations. Data on spectral lines and their profiles are also important for diagnostics, analysis, and the modelling of fusion plasma, laser-produced plasma, laser design and development, and various plasmas in industry and technology, like light sources based on plasmas or the welding and piercing of metals by laser-produced plasma. The papers from this book can be divided into four groups: 1. stark broadening data for astrophysical and laboratory plasma investigations; 2. applications of spectral lines for astrophysical and laboratory plasma research; 3. spectral line phenomena in extragalactic objects, and 4. laboratory astrophysics results for spectra investigation. The reviews and research papers, representing new research on the topics presented in this book, are of interest for specialists and PhD students. We hope that the present book will be useful and interesting for scientists interested in the investigation of spectral line shapes and will contribute to the education of young researchers and PhD students.
    Schlagwort(e): QB1-991 ; Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; radiative transfer ; asymmetry ; Doppler effect ; BL Lacertae objects ; corona discharge ; relativistic ; microwave discharges ; QSO selection ; ionization processes ; quasars: emission lines ; gas temperature ; emission line formation ; Sun: photosphere ; sun:photosphere ; Sun: atmosphere ; white dwarfs ; stark broadening parameters ; plasma turbulence ; spectra ; AO 0235+164 ; relativistic collision operator ; atomic processes ; photometry ; active galaxies ; Stark broadening ; Zeeman effect ; line: profiles ; Juttner-Maxwell ; line shapes ; numerical simulation ; Rosetta mission ; supermassive black holes ; laboratory plasma ; electric field solitons ; stars:atmospheres ; medium-band photometry ; tokamaks ; stark broadening ; atomic emission spectroscopy ; absorption quasi-molecular bands ; Ar VII line profiles ; Ar II ; wave collapse ; Maxwell ; atomic/molecular data ; electron scattering ; galaxies: active ; retarded interaction ; galaxies: nuclei ; impact approximation ; quasars ; alkali atoms ; line profiles ; inner plasma electrostatic screening ; subdwarfs B stars ; Lienard-Wiechert ; plasma spectroscopy ; astrophysics ; electron broadening ; astrophysical plasmas ; line shape ; atomic data ; scattering ; catalogs ; atomic spectroscopy ; stars: atmospheres ; QSO samples ; radiative and collisional processes ; emission line profiles ; neutral broadening ; surveys ; Stark effect ; different charged ions ; spectroscopy ; sun:atmosphere ; polarimetry ; cross sections ; plasmas ; Ar VII ; stars ; Na IV ; molecular processes ; atomic and molecular databases ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 53
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Agronomic efficiency and management of environmental P inputs can be improved by understanding soil-phosphorus interaction. Iron oxides and other clay minerals, P forms, and P sorption in young alluvial and weathered residual soils were determined. Phosphorus retention related to crystallinity and phase distribution of iron oxides. CBD and oxalate extractable iron and aluminum and smectite and kaolinite explained 90% variation while soil CaCO3 role was only insignificant in explaining P sorption.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; goethite ; P-fractionation ; hematite ; Fe-oxides ; phosphorus sorption ; calcareous soils ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 54
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: The phase-specific influence of cellulose ether (CEs) on Portland cement hydration was investigated in-situ, using synchrotron X-ray diffractometry. CE-caused retardation can be traced to the polymers adsorption behaviour. The adsorption decreases in following order: silicates and their hydrates (high), sulfates (low), ettringite (zero). The retarding effect is strong on silicates, moderate on sulfates and unspecific on alluminates.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; polymer ; cement ; cellulose ether ; hydration ; X-ray diffractometry ; construction chemistry ; kinetic ; synchrotron radiation ; Portland cement ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
    Format: image/jpeg
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  • 55
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Two fixed bed reactors for nitrification with either polyethylene/clay sinter lamellas (FBR A) or porous ceramic rings (FBR B) were continously run for treating synthetic saline wastewater. Seawater from Hafen Büsum was used as an inoculums. The performance of the system was evaluated under different operating conditions. A better overall nitrification without nitrite accumulation was observed in FBR B during continuous incubation. However, in term of ammonia (AOR) and nitrite oxidation rates (NOR) that were determined in batch incubations, FBR A revealed a higher AOR and NOR of 6 and 7 mg N L-1 h-1, compared to the AOR and NOR of 5 and 5.9 mg N L-1 h-1 in FBR B, respectively. For studies of the effect of fluctuating salinity on the nitrification, polyethylene/clay sinter lamellas or porous ceramic rings from FBR A and B, respectively, were used as a source of immobilized nitrifiers. Salt concentrations were decreased from 3.5% to 0.03% via 2, 1 and 0.5% and increased from 3.5% to 5, 7 and 9%. A similar result for AOR and NOR during batch incubation was obtained for both substrata in FBR A and FBR B. The salinity changes influenced more the nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) than the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Measurement of oxidation rates during changing conditions show that the NORs were always higher than the AORs in all reactors, especially in initial phase. However, NORs were more sensitive to the salinity fluctuation than AORs, especially at lower salinity. The AORs remained constant for 0.5-3.5% NaCl and dropped to 70% and 68.5% after the salt concentration was brought to 0.034 or 5%, respectively. The NORs decreased significantly to 62% and 87.5% of initial rates after the salt concentration was changed to 2 and 5%, respectively.Non-halotolerant nitrifiers reactors with fresh polyethylene/clay as supporting material were inoculated with water samples taken from a ""Brackwasser""-location at the North Sea and were continuously run. The salt content in medium was 0% at the start and was then increased up to 10.5%. Increases of the salt concentration in a non-salt-adapted FBR suppressed more to NOR than AOR. When salinity was increased from 0.03% to 0.5, 1 and 2%, AORs remained constant. The AORs were approx. 90% of initial rates after the salt concentrations were increased stepwise to 3.5%, whereas the NORs decreased to 85, 52 and 36% of initial rate after salinity was increased to 1, 2 and 3.5%, respectively.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Saline wastewater ; Free ammonia und Free nitrous acid ; Fixed bed-reactors ; Halophilic nitrification ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 56
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: Mathematical optimization is the selection of the best element in a set with respect to a given criterion. Optimization has become one of the most-used tools in modern control theory for computing the control law, adjusting the controller parameters (tuning), model fitting, and finding suitable conditions in order to fulfill a given closed-loop property, among others. In the simplest case, optimization consists of maximizing or minimizing a function by systematically choosing input values from a valid input set and computing the function value. Nevertheless, real-world control systems need to comply with several conditions and constraints that have to be taken into account in the problem formulation—these represent challenges in the application of the optimization algorithms. The aim of this Special Issue is to offer the state-of-the-art of the most advanced optimization techniques (online and offline) and their applications in control engineering.]
    Schlagwort(e): QA1-939 ; QC1-999 ; optimization ; optimal control ; optimal conditions ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 57
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-31
    Beschreibung: This book focuses on sustainable energy systems. While several innovative and alternative concepts are presented, the topics of energy policy, life cycle assessment, thermal energy, and renewable energy also play a major role. Models on various temporal and geographical scales are developed to understand the conditions of technical as well as organizational change. New methods of modeling, which can fulfil technical and physical boundary conditions and nevertheless consider economic environmental and social aspects, are also developed.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; coal-fired power unit ; capacity investment ; energy density ; sensitivity analysis ; fuel ; renewable energy source penetration ; AHP ; torrefaction ; Active Disturbance Rejection Control ; swell effect disturbance ; renewable energy ; resource efficiency ; choice experiment ; pseudo-Huber loss ; integrated model ; Probabilistic Robustness ; sustainable energy ; Energy Life-Cycle Assessment ; hysteresis switching ; areal grey relational analysis ; market power ; photovoltaic with energy storage system ; wind power plants ; power system stability ; alternative energy ; hollow rollers ; efficiency ; generation system scheduling ; energy from biomass ; fuelwood value index ; manufacturing industry ; game theory ; energy modelling ; peach ; grindability ; artificial neural networks control ; sustainability ; large bearings ; levelized cost of energy ; renewable energies ; ash recovery ; thermodynamic cycle concepts ; modified cycle concepts ; HOMER simulation ; low-carbon economy ; energy systems ; fuzzy logic control ; basic plan for long-term electricity supply and demand ; LCOE comparison ; post-harvest ; heating value ; power supply reliability ; Pinus pinaster ; doubly fed induction generator ; willingness to pay ; multilayer perception ; robust optimization ; forecasting model for electricity demand ; transient impact ; uncertainty ; power electronics ; electrostatic devices ; flexibility ; active power harmonics filter ; Monte Carlo ; energy storage systems ; energy costs ; SWOT analysis ; tidal stream generator ; textile industrial sector ; stochastic approach ; deficit ; uncertainty analysis ; rotary reactor ; biomass ; secondary air regulation ; forecasting ; photovoltaic ; electricity ; Internet of Things ; dynamic planning ; fuzzy rough set ; flexible resource ; wind resources ; op-amp ; maximum power point tracking ; nexus concept
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 58
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: During the past four decades or so, various operators of fractional calculus, such as those named after Riemann–Liouville, Weyl, Hadamard, Grunwald–Letnikov, Riesz, Erdelyi–Kober, Liouville–Caputo, and so on, have been found to be remarkably popular and important due mainly to their demonstrated applications in numerous diverse and widespread fields of the mathematical, physical, chemical, engineering, and statistical sciences. Many of these fractional calculus operators provide several potentially useful tools for solving differential, integral, differintegral, and integro-differential equations, together with the fractional-calculus analogues and extensions of each of these equations, and various other problems involving special functions of mathematical physics, as well as their extensions and generalizations in one and more variables. In this Special Issue, we invite and welcome review, expository, and original research articles dealing with the recent advances in the theory of fractional calculus and its multidisciplinary applications.
    Schlagwort(e): QA1-939 ; QC1-999 ; applied mathematics ; fractional derivatives ; fractional derivatives associated with special functions of mathematical physics ; fractional integro-differential equations ; operators of fractional calculus ; identities and inequalities involving fractional integrals ; fractional differintegral equations ; chaos and fractional dynamics ; fractional differential ; fractional integrals ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 59
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: The study examines the predictability during the extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones using the THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE), a multimodel ensemble prediction system (EPS). It is shown that TIGGE exhibits more possible development scenarios than a single EPS. By analysing the eddy kinetic energy budget of forecast scenarios for two ET cases, extracted from an EPS, the impact of the transitioning tropical cyclones on the midlatitude flow is studied in detail.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; extratropical transition multimodel ensemble eddy kinetic energy analysis tropical cyclones TIGGE ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 60
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This book covers aspects and achievements of the baryonic (star and gas) component of galaxy halos as presented at the successful conference “On the Origin (and Evolution) of Baryonic Galaxy Halos”, held on the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, March 13–17, 2017. It can be regarded as a compendium of the prominent results in this field. The main focus is the latest simulations and observations of galaxy halos. This compendium is recommended to researchers, and advanced students, as it contains peer-reviewed high quality papers that will meet their scientific needs and help to initiate new research directions. Everything described in this book is the result of a truly collective effort from the participants of the Galapagos conference.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; galaxies ; galaxy formation ; numerical simulations ; cosmology. ; galaxy halos ; galaxy evolution ; galaxy clusters ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 61
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: The impact of extratropical transition on the midlatitude flow is quantified based on potential vorticity inversion. The detailed study of Typhoon Jangmi (2008) reveals the diabatically enhanced net transport of low-PV air to the tropopause as the key physical process determining the direct impact of ET. Relocation experiments and further case studies show the crucial role of the relative position of the TC and the midlatitude flow for the downstream impact of ET and the reduced predictability.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Atmosphärische Dynamik ; mittlere Breiten ; Potentielle Vorticity Inversion ; Tropischer Wirbelsturm ; midlatitudes ; Atmospheric Dynamics ; jet stream ; potential vorticity inversion ; Strahlstrom ; Tropical Cyclone ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 62
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    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Dissolved and suspended particulate matter (SPM) bound Cu, Zn, Ni, As, Pb, Mn, and Fe are common pollutants in surface and groundwater of the Akaki Sub-Basin.This work (1) presents results of water quality analysis and (2) evaluates an innovative approach for removing heavy metals from polluted water using natural materials. Removal capacities of the filter media for Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb reach 90%. The main removal mechanisms involved are weak sorption and surface precipitation.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; SPM bound heavy metals ; Akaki Sub-Basin ; filter media ; volcanic materials ; suspended particulate matter (SPM) ; column experiment ; arsenic ; sorption ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 63
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This Special Issue "Differential Geometrical Theory of Statistics" collates selected invited and contributed talks presented during the conference GSI'15 on "Geometric Science of Information" which was held at the Ecole Polytechnique, Paris-Saclay Campus, France, in October 2015 (Conference web site: http://www.see.asso.fr/gsi2015).
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Hessian Geometry ; Shape Space ; Computational Information Geometry ; Statistical physics ; Entropy ; Cohomology ; Information geometry ; Thermodynamics ; Coding Theory ; Information topology ; Maximum entropy ; Divergence Geometry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 64
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: The last few years have been characterized by a tremendous development of quantum information and probability and their applications, including quantum computing, quantum cryptography, and quantum random generators. In spite of the successful development of quantum technology, its foundational basis is still not concrete and contains a few sandy and shaky slices. Quantum random generators are one of the most promising outputs of the recent quantum information revolution. Therefore, it is very important to reconsider the foundational basis of this project, starting with the notion of irreducible quantum randomness. Quantum probabilities present a powerful tool to model uncertainty. Interpretations of quantum probability and foundational meaning of its basic tools, starting with the Born rule, are among the topics which will be covered by this issue. Recently, quantum probability has started to play an important role in a few areas of research outside quantum physics—in particular, quantum probabilistic treatment of problems of theory of decision making under uncertainty. Such studies are also among the topics of this issue.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; irreducible randomness ; quantum-like models for social stochasticity ; partially defined algebras ; indeterminism ; protocol ; Gram–Schmidt process ; three-qubit random states ; complementarity ; entanglement classes ; maximization of quantum conditional min-entropy ; random numbers ; quantum computation ; MMP hypergraphs ; quantum information theory ; quasigroups ; potentiality ; random number generators ; social energy ; social thermodynamics ; quantum dynamics ; probability ; entanglement ; quantum foundations ; quantum technology ; vacuum state ; quantum contextuality ; orthogonality ; quantum information ; correlations ; entanglement polytope ; causation ; quantum-like models ; operational approach ; reality ; Borel normality ; Bell inequalities ; Copenhagen interpretation ; social laser ; quantum entanglement ; algebra ; Bose–Einstein statistics ; realism ; epistemic operations ; quantum random number ; information interpretation of quantum theory ; viable cultures ; master equation for socio-information excitations ; entropy ; quantum logics ; qubits ; holistic semantics ; Bayesian inference ; uncertainty relations ; Bayes’ formula ; Kochen–Specker sets ; model selection ; quantum logic ; groups ; randomness ; Greechie diagrams ; causality ; indefiniteness ; probability representation ; algorithmic complexity ; resonator of social laser ; bandwagon effect ; contextuality ; quantum probability ; geometry ; social atom ; bit commitment ; anisotropic invariants ; quantum information field ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 65
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Detailed information on the gravitational effect of the Earth’s topographic and isostatic masses can be calculated by gravity forward modeling. Within this book, the tesseroid-based Rock-Water-Ice (RWI) approach is developed, which allows a rigorous separate modeling of the Earth’s rock, water, and ice masses with variable density values. Besides a discussion and evaluation of the RWI approach, applications in the context of the GOCE satellite mission and height system unification are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Vorwärtsmodellierung ; Rock-Water-Ice approach ; Satellitenmission GOCE ; Gravity forward modeling ; Height system unification ; Tesseroids ; Vereinheitlichung von Höhensystemen ; Tesseroide ; Rock-Water-Ice Ansatz ; GOCE satellite mission ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 66
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: Wave energy has a higher potential than most of the available ocean energy resources; however, it fluctuates dramatically depending on geographical and temporal baselines. The complexity of wave energy is only exacerbated by that fact that the cycle of creation, transport, and disappearance of wave energy is influenced by a wide variety of factors. This Special Issue of Energies explores the latest developments in wave energy potential, behavior, and extraction. This Special Issue introduces 1) thorough reviews on the status of wave energy development, 2) novel technologies to extract wave energy including wave energy converter design, and 3) latest methodologies applied in analyzing wave energy potentials.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; efficiency improvement ; pontoon ; hydrodynamic optimization ; time domain ; power take-off ; hybrid system ; short-crested waves ; parks ; eigen-function expansion ; optimization ; linear potential flow theory ; capture width ratio ; wave energy converter ; potential flow theory ; OpenFOAM ; raft-type wave energy converter (WEC) ; survival ; wave energy converter (WEC) ; power take-off (PTO) ; oscillating water column ; multiple scattering ; wind power ; offshore oil platforms ; wave power ; wave energy converters (WEC) ; air chamber ; arrays ; Geographic Information Systems ; wave energy converters ; challenges ; power fluctuations ; frequency domain ; tsunami ; surrogate model ; design ; levelised cost of energy ; Gulf of Mexico ; extreme conditions ; Mediterranean Sea ; cost ; wave diffraction ; WaveWatch III ; meta-model ; wave energy ; friction ; station keeping ; extreme waves ; peak forces ; power capture ability ; point absorber ; linear damping ; multidirectional ; mooring ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 67
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This book contains the best and most up-to-date contributions in the field of late stage stellar evolution, as presented at the APNVII conference in Hong Kong in December 2017. A total of 60 scientists from 20 countries gathered to present, listen, interact and discuss the most current issues and problems in planetary nebulae and related objects research. The emphasis of this influential series of meetings, which was the seventh occasion over the last 20 years, has always been on the hypothesized and observed physical shaping mechanisms of the ejected nebulae that have such wonderful and intriguing forms. This special Galaxies conference issue of fully refereed contributions brings together a representative compilation of the meeting presentations in paper form. It captures the current “snap shot” status of this research field in some real sense. Such proceedings are well received and can be used as a reference material by both participants and all others working in the field for years to come.
    Schlagwort(e): QB1-991 ; Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; UIE bands ; stars: binaries ; X-rays ; binary stars ; planetary systems ; abundances ; post-AGB ; normal modes ; theory and observation ; binaries: spectroscopic ; stellar evolution ; binaries: close ; AGB stars ; stars: individual: WD 1751+106 ; displacement vectors ; AGB and post-AGB ; extinction ; circumstellar matter ; stars: individual: WD 2134+25 ; asymptotic giant branch stars ; winds and outflows ; ISM: abundances ; stars: AGB and post-AGB ; late stage stellar evolution ; central stars of planetary nebulae ; ultraviolet radiation ; supernovae ; stellar mass loss ; circumstellar dust ; integral field spectroscopy ; planetary nebulae ; radial velocity ; mass-loss ; pre-PN hydrodynamic models ; infra-red ; planetary nebulae: Common Envelope ; astrochemistry ; dust ; multi-wavelength photometry ; ISM: jets and outflows ; planetary nebulae: individual (OH231+8+04.2) ; radio continuum ; stars: abundances ; shock wave ; stars: individual: WD 0044–121 ; post-AGB stars ; proto-planetary nebulae ; binarity: transients: planetary nebulae ; stars: atmospheres ; stars: variables: general ; AGB and post-AGB stars ; jets ; (sub)millimeter interferometry ; discs ; binarity ; winds ; observations ; mass loss ; X-ray ; stars: winds ; aperture masking ; outflows ; fullerenes ; planetary nebula ; pulsation ; interstellar medium ; planetary nebulae: individual (NGC 6781) ; late-stage stellar evolution ; infrared interferometry ; accretion disks ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 68
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    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: This book collects various original contributions to the subject of higher spin gauge theory, as well as four review papers on the topic. The papers investigate the role of gauge fields with spin higher than two in the framework of classical and quantum field theories, the AdS/CFT correspondence and string theory.
    Schlagwort(e): QA1-939 ; QC1-999 ; string theory ; Higher-spin symmetry ; gauge theories ; gravity ; conformal field theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 69
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This study aimed to put constraints on regional and/or global environmental changes, which took place during the Frasnian-Famennian transition by using a geochemical multiproxy approach. The investigation of several key European Frasnian-Famennian boundary sections brings new geochemical evidences which emphasize the role of tectono-magmatic processes, like volcanism, hydrothermalism and major tectonic movements in the development of the particularities of the Kellwasser Horizons deposited close to the southern shores of Laurussia and the northern parts of Gondwana.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Kellwasser-Event ; Umweltgeochemie ; Umweltveränderung ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 70
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: Prototypical quantum optics models, such as the Jaynes–Cummings, Rabi, Tavis–Cummings, and Dicke models, are commonly analyzed with diverse techniques, including analytical exact solutions, mean-field theory, exact diagonalization, and so on. Analysis of these systems strongly depends on their symmetries, ranging, e.g., from a U(1) group in the Jaynes–Cummings model to a Z2 symmetry in the full-fledged quantum Rabi model. In recent years, novel regimes of light–matter interactions, namely, the ultrastrong and deep-strong coupling regimes, have been attracting an increasing amount of interest. The quantum Rabi and Dicke models in these exotic regimes present new features, such as collapses and revivals of the population, bounces of photon-number wave packets, as well as the breakdown of the rotating-wave approximation. Symmetries also play an important role in these regimes and will additionally change depending on whether the few- or many-qubit systems considered have associated inhomogeneous or equal couplings to the bosonic mode. Moreover, there is a growing interest in proposing and carrying out quantum simulations of these models in quantum platforms such as trapped ions, superconducting circuits, and quantum photonics. In this Special Issue Reprint, we have gathered a series of articles related to symmetry in quantum optics models, including the quantum Rabi model and its symmetries, Floquet topological quantum states in optically driven semiconductors, the spin–boson model as a simulator of non-Markovian multiphoton Jaynes–Cummings models, parity-assisted generation of nonclassical states of light in circuit quantum electrodynamics, and quasiprobability distribution functions from fractional Fourier transforms.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; microwave photons ; n/a ; circuit quantum electrodynamics ; fractional Fourier transform ; spin-boson model ; reconstruction of the wave function ; multiphoton processes ; quantum entanglement ; topological excitations ; Floquet ; light–matter interaction ; semiconductors ; quasiprobability distribution functions ; dynamical mean field theory ; global spectrum ; superconducting circuits ; Jaynes-Cummings model ; quantum Rabi model ; quantum simulation ; non-equilibrium ; stark-effect ; integrable systems ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 71
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    Unbekannt
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This study has developed a complete procedure for the measurement of oxygen isotopes in arsenic oxyanions in natural waters by using different adsorbents. The experimental results of kinetic exchange of oxygen between AsO43- and water show that the entire exchange procedure happens in a very short time at different pH conditions and temperatures.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Sauerstoff-Isotopenkomposition ; Arsenitspezies ; arsenate species ; kinetic exchange ; quantitative separation ; oxygen isotope composition ; Arsenatspezies ; Kinetischer Austausch ; arsenite species ; Quantitative Trennung ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 72
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    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: MEMS mirrors can steer, modulate and switch light, as well as control the wavefront for focusing or phase modulation. MEMS mirrors have found enormous commercial success in projectors, displays and fiberoptic communications. Micro-spectrometers based on MEMS mirrors are starting to appear in the consumer market. There are also many breakthroughs in applying MEMS mirrors for endoscopic imaging. Equally excitingly, a new wave of opportunities for MEMS mirrors is coming up, for example, micro-LiDAR for autonomous driving and robotics, optical cross connect (OXC) for cloud data centers, and optical scanners for virtual reality/augumented reality, just to name a few. Of course, there are a number of big challenges that researchers and engineers must overcome to fully utiltize MEMS mirrors’ potential: modeling and control are inherently complex due to the multiphysics, multi-DOF and nonlinear nature of the microactuators for MEMS mirrors; reliability is always a huge hurdle for commercilization; and the tradeoffs among the speed, aperture, and scan range are often overwhelming. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on: (1) novel designs, fabrication, control, and modeling of MEMS mirrors based on all kinds of actuation mechanisms; and (2) new developments of applying MEMS mirrors of any kind in consumer electronics, optical communications, industry, medicine, agriculture, space, or defense.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; MEMS mirror modeling ; MEMS mirror control ; Deformable micromirrors ; MEMS mirror applications ; MEMS mirrors ; MEMS mirror arrays ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 73
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    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: This Special Issue of Crystals contains papers focusing on various properties of conducting ceramics. Multiple aspects of both the research and application of this group of materials have been addressed. Conducting ceramics are the wide group of mostly oxide materials which play crucial roles in various technical applications, especially in the context of the harvesting and storage of energy. Without ion-conducting oxides, such as yttria-stabilized zirconia, doped ceria devices such as solid oxide fuel cells would not exist, not to mention the wide group of other ion conductors which can be applied in batteries or even electrolyzers, besides fuel cells. The works published in this Special Issue tackle experimental results as well as general theoretical trends in the field of ceramic conductors, or electroceramics, as it is often referred to.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; n/a ; ionic conductivity ; cation mixing ; aliovalent substitution ; substituted barium indate ; thermal expansion ; impregnation ; Cr substitution ; chemical expansion ; ball milling ; lanthanum orthoniobate ; perovskite oxides ; thermogravimetric analysis ; Hebb-Wagner measurements ; samarium-doped ceria (SDC) ; impedance spectroscopy ; hydration ; nanocrystalline ceramics ; binary fluorides ; Ni-Cr-ferrite ; solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) ; Mössbauer ; ceria ; current collector ; multifoil shape ; specific surface area of powders ; sol-gel ; molten salt synthesis ; Wulff shape ; relaxation experiments ; Ostwald ripening ; Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ; electronic conductivity ; proton ceramic fuel cells ; terbium orthoniobate ; water uptake ; high temperature proton conductors ; redox cycle ; metal foam ; protonic conductors ; protonic conductivity ; proton conductivity ; structure ; thin films ; e-beam physical vapor deposition ; TEC ; magnetic properties ; CTE ; coupled/decoupled ionic transport ; platelet morphology ; bismuth vanadate ; La-doped SrTiO3 ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 74
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: The intent of this Special Issue is to provide a framework with which scientists in several different disciplines, related to phase-contrast and dark-field imaging, can illustrate their ideas and results. The articles are reviews or very recent scientific reports; they address newcomers in the field, as well as experts and professors in fields of X-ray physics, electron, and phase-contrast X-ray imaging.
    Schlagwort(e): QA1-939 ; QC1-999 ; X-ray scattering ; Coded-aperture imaging ; Talbot-Interferometer ; Moiré pattern analysis ; Electron Backscatter imaging ; Dark-field imaging ; Computed Tomography ; cultural heritage ; X-ray Phase-contrast imaging ; medical imaging ; image processing: Fourier image analysis ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 75
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: In the framework of the rigorous fusion of GNSS and InSAR observations, the presented work carries out at a straightforward comparison of the wet delay, caused by water vapor, derived from GNSS and InSAR. The contributions of the two sensors to the wet delay are compared in the line of sight towards the SAR satellite. Comparisons of GNSS observations with the satellite-directed InSAR data show that only a partial component of the wet delay remains after the interferogram formation.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; atmosphere ; fusion ; Wasserdampf ; water vapor ; GNSS ; Atmosphäre ; InSAR ; Fusion ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 76
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: This Special Issue addresses the general problem of a proper match between the demands of energy users and the units for energy conversion and storage, by means of proper design and operation of the overall energy system configuration. The focus is either on systems including single plants or groups of plants, connected or not to one or more energy distribution networks. In both cases, the optimum design and operation involve decisions about thermodynamic processes, about the type, number, design parameters of components/plants, and storage capacities, and about mutual interconnections and the interconnections with the distribution grids. The problem is absolutely general, encompassing design and operation of energy systems for single houses, groups of houses, industries, industrial districts, municipal areas, regions and countries. The presented papers show that similar approaches can be used in different applications, although a general standard has not been achieved yet.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; techno-economic analysis ; mixed integer linear programming ; superstructure-free ; thermal power plants ; superstructure-based ; compressed natural gas (CNG) ; fleet of energy conversion and storage units ; oil palm ; spatial analysis ; optimization ; energy storage ; small-scale compressed-air energy storage (SS-CAES) ; distributed energy ; Mixed-Integer NonLinear/Linear Programming (MINLP/MILP) ; absorption refrigerator ; uncertainties ; electricity production ; design and operation optimization ; smart power systems ; IEEE-RTS ; smart energy systems ; exergy analysis ; palm oil residues ; intertemporal optimization ; supercritical CO2 ; thermo-electric ; integrated ship energy systems ; dynamic optimization ; sustainability ; mathematical programming ; cycle configuration ; palm oil mills ; energy systems ; advanced exergy-based analysis ; flowsheet synthesis ; solar energy ; reliability ; multi-energy systems ; uncertainty ; hourly distribution ; absorption technology ; Real Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA) ; thermal energy storage ; optimization of energy systems design and operation ; price estimation ; value-added products ; district energy system ; electricity demand ; Violation Constraint-Handling (VCH) ; synthesis ; synthesis/design optimization ; liquefied natural gas (LNG) ; supply chains optimization ; rolling-horizon ; dynamic modelling ; renewable energy systems ; battery storage ; wave energy ; MONA ; operating cost ; combined heat and power ; multi-objective optimization ; gas supply chain ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 77
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    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-31
    Beschreibung: The development of special and general relativity has relied significantly on ideas of symmetry. Similarly, modern efforts to test these theories have often sought either violations or extensions of the symmetries seen, and symmetry is regularly used a tool in seeking new applications. In this Special Issue of symmetry, we explore some contemporary research related to symmetry in special and general relativity.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; determinants of block matrices ; standard model extension ; penning trap ; Lorentz violation ; quantum mechanics ; CPT violation ; Palais principle of symmetric criticality ; Majorana neutrinos ; antimatter ; Noether’s theorem ; interferometry ; solutions to Einstein’s equations ; pulsar timing ; standard-model extension ; binary pulsars ; lorentz violation ; Lorentz and CPT violation ; Lorentz symmetry ; magnetic monopole ; Dirac fermions ; rotation invariance ; geodesic deviation ; Weyl method ; gravitational waves ; Standard-Model Extension ; Dirac neutrinos
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 78
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Line-shape analysis is one of the most important tools for diagnostics of both laboratory and space plasmas. Its reliable implementation requires sufficiently accurate calculations, which imply the use of analytic methods and computer codes of varying complexity, and, necessarily, varying limits of applicability and accuracy. However, studies comparing different computational and analytic methods are almost non-existent. The Spectral Line Shapes in Plasma (SLSP) code comparison workshop series [1] was established to fill this gap. Numerous computational cases considered in the two workshops organized to date (in April 2012 and August 2013 in Vienna, Austria) not only serve the purpose of code comparison, but also have applications in research of magnetic fusion, astrophysical, laser-produced plasmas, and so on. Therefore, although the first workshop was briefly reviewed elsewhere [2], and will likely be followed by a review of the second one, it was unanimously decided by the participants that a volume devoted to results of the workshops was desired. It is the main purpose of this special issue.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Zeeman effect ; code comparison ; spectral line shapes ; Stark effect ; line broadening ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 79
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This thesis presents a novel approach to the experimental realization of tunable, superconducting metamaterials. Therefore, conventional resonant meta-atoms are replaced by meta-atoms that contain Josephson junctions, which renders their resonance frequency tunable by an external magnetic field. This tunability is theoretically and experimentally investigated in one-dimensional magnetic and electric metamaterials. For the magnetic metamaterial, the effective, magnetic permeability is determined.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; microwaves ; Metamaterialien ; Festkörperphysik ; low temperature physics ; solid state physics ; Tieftemperaturphysiksuperconductivity ; metamaterials ; Mikrowellen ; Supraleitung ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 80
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This book provides selected results from the accompanying research of the project CROME. The vision of the project was to create and test a safe, seamless, user-friendly and reliable mobility with electric vehicles between France and Germany as a prefiguration of a pan-European electric mobility system. Major aims were contributions to the European standardisation process of charging infrastructure for electric mobility and corresponding services, and to provide an early customer feedback.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Frankreich ; Electric Vehicle ; Elektromobilität ; Ladeinfrastruktur ; Fleet Test ; France ; Flottentest ; Charging Infrastructure ; ElektrofahrzeugElectric Mobility ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 81
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: The present work introduces a new concept for magnetic resonance measurements in the GHz regime inside a scanning tunneling microscope. It is based on heterodyne detection in a spin-polarized tunneling barrier. The experimental requirements, including a new method to suppress transmission effects, are explained. Measurements on three model systems which were studied to validate the new technique are presented and compared to simulations.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; heterodyne ; Rastertunnelmikoskopie ; Spin ; spin ; magnetic ; resonance ; Resonanz ; STM ; magnetisch ; Heterodyne ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 82
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    Unbekannt
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This work describes the experimental study of electron-boson interactions in superconductors by means of inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy performed with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) at temperatures below 1 K. This new approach allows the direct measurement of the Eliashberg function of conventional superconductors as demonstrated on lead (Pb) and niobium (Nb). Preparative experiments on unconventional iron-pnictides are presented in the end.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; iron pnictide ; tunneling spectroscopy ; superconductivity ; Eliashberg theory ; Tunnelspektroskopie ; Eliashberg ; STM ; Supraleitung ; inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 83
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-31
    Beschreibung: Recent disasters caused by the spread of fire in buildings and in transportations remind us of the importance of fire protection. Using flame-retardant materials is one important element of the firefighting strategy, which aims to prevent fire development and propagation. These materials are used in different applications, such as in textiles, coatings, foams, furniture, and cables. The development of more efficient and environmentally friendly flame-retardant additives is an active multidisciplinary approach that has attracted a great deal of interest. Studies have aimed at the development of new, sustainable, and flame-retardant additives/materials, providing high performance and low toxicity. Also studied were their properties during ageing and recycling, as well as modeling physical and chemical processes occuring before ignition and during their combustion. The development of sustainable flame retardants and understanding their modes of action provide a strong link between these topics and cover many fields from organic chemistry, materials engineering, and toxicology, to physics and mathematics.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; nano-SiO2 ; polymer flammability ; biodegradable ; fracture toughness ; microcalorimetry of combustion ; lignin ; ZIF-8@GO hybrids ; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) ; biomaterials ; epoxy novolac resin ; phosphorylation ; PLA ROP ; thermal decomposition ; polyamide 11 ; flame retardant ; biobased materials ; flame retardance ; flexible ; phenolic resin ; condensed phase ; aluminum diethylphosphinate ; PLA ; melamine triazine ; chain extension ; EVA/LLDPE blend ; reactive flame retardancy ; dielectric constant ; clay ; composites ; ammonium polyphosphate ; phosphorus-containing flame retardant ; flame retardancy ; calorimetry ; pyrolysis–combustion flow calorimetry ; fire reaction ; DOPO ; van Krevelen approach ; melamine ; wire and cable ; cotton fabrics ; organophosphorus compounds ; flame-retardant ; lignin nanoparticles ; polylactide ; group contributions
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 84
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: Wood-based materials are CO2-neutral, renewable, and considered to be environmentally friendly. The huge variety of wood species and wood-based composites allows a wide scope of creative and esthetic alternatives to materials with higher environmental impacts during production, use and disposal. Quality of wood is influenced by the genetic and environmental factors. One of the emerging uses of wood are building and construction applications. Modern building and construction practices would not be possible without use of wood or wood-based composites. The use of composites enables using wood of lower quality for the production of materials with engineered properties for specific target applications. Even more, the utilization of such reinforcing particles as carbon nanotubes and nanocellulose enables development of a new generation of composites with even better properties. The positive aspect of decomposability of waste wood can turn into the opposite when wood or wood-based materials are exposed to weathering, moisture oscillations, different discolorations, and degrading organisms. Protective measures are therefore unavoidable for many outdoor applications. Resistance of wood against different aging factors is always a combined effect of toxic or inhibiting ingredients on the one hand, and of structural, anatomical, or chemical ways of excluding moisture on the other.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; neural network ; Pinus massoniana Lamb. ; intra-ring variation ; relative humidity ; ultimate state ; nondestructive assessment ; machinability ; stiffness ; wood based composites ; bamboo ; poplar seedlings ; thinning ; blue staining fungi ; tropical woods ; compression ; bending stiffness ; wooden windows ; ultrasonic wave velocity measurement ; glued lamella ; three-point bending ; wood properties ; technological and product innovations ; structural changes ; non-destructive testing ; hardwoods ; brittleness ; green larch ; root-collar diameter ; FTIR ; material preference ; cooling tower ; tensile modulus ; strength grading ; immigrants ; weight of a user ; density ; flexible chair ; predictive performance ; heat treatment ; modulus of elasticity ; orthotropic ; acoustic resonance ; building material ; CIEL*a*b* system ; deflection at the modulus of rupture ; marketing ; bamboo grid packing ; fungi ; minimal curve radius ; European hardwoods ; cyclic loading ; chemical composition ; laminated wood ; volume yield ; tensile strength ; artificial weathering ; glulam ; dynamic modulus of elasticity ; colour changes ; modulus of elasticity (MOE) ; coefficient of wood bendability ; urban housing ; Resistance to Impact Milling (RIM) ; nondestructive testing ; Coniophora puteana ; roughness ; brown rot ; wood ; phenol formaldehyde resin ; wood-processing industry performance ; elemental composition ; natural weathering ; longitudinal stress wave velocity ; mechanical properties ; aluminium reinforcements ; chemical changes ; colour change ; High-Energy Multiple Impact (HEMI)–test ; plantation timber ; fiber-managed hardwoods ; cooling packing ; wood mechanical properties ; flexural rigidity ; moisture content ; ultrasonic speed ; color ; elastic constants ; Douglas-fir ; mixed-effects hierarchical linear models ; wood impregnation ; dynamic strength ; microfibril angle ; silviculture ; low quality round wood ; Eucalyptus ; hybrid beams ; end-product-based fiber attribute determinates ; high frequency drying ; infrared spectroscopy ; building culture background ; lumber ; Euler-Bernoulli ; ultrasound ; cell-wall mechanics ; colour ; deflection at the limit of proportionality ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 85
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    Unbekannt
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This thesis aims to quantify the direct radiative effects of sea salt aerosol in the atmosphere. The online coupled regional scale model system COSMO-ART is extended for this objective with respect to the sea salt aerosol. Furthermore, a new sea salt optical parameterisation is developed for both the shortwave and longwave spectrum. Based on numerical simulations with the extended model system, the direct radiative effects of sea salt aerosol are investigated.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; numerical modelling ; COSMO-ART ; direct radiative effects ; regional scale ; sea salt aerosol ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 86
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Ambitious targets for the use of renewable electricity (RES-E) have been formulated by the EU Commission and the EU Member States. Taking into account technical, economic, and ecological framework conditions of the electricity market in a model-based approach, this book provides a comprehensive, quantitative assessment of the future penetration of renewable electricity in the European electricity market.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; energy system model ; RES ; optimisation ; electricity market ; enewable energy ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 87
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-01
    Beschreibung: At present, the impact of distributed energy resources in the operation of power and energy systems is unquestionable at the distribution level, but also at the whole power system management level. Increased flexibility is required to accommodate intermittent distributed generation and electric vehicle charging. Demand response has already been proven to have a great potential to contribute to an increased system efficiency while bringing additional benefits, especially to the consumers. Distributed storage is also promising, e.g., when jointly used with the currently increasing use of photovoltaic panels. This book addresses the management of distributed energy resources. The focus includes methods and techniques to achieve an optimized operation, to aggregate the resources, namely, by virtual power players, and to remunerate them. The integration of distributed resources in electricity markets is also addressed as a main drive for their efficient use.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; autonomous operation ; energy management system ; stochastic programming ; co-generation ; Unit Commitment (UC) ; distributed system ; demand-side energy management ; virtual power plant ; Powell direction acceleration method ; average consensus algorithm (ACA) ; transmission line ; interval optimization ; renewable energy ; microgrids ; scheduling ; business model ; non-cooperative game (NCG) ; domestic energy management system ; time series ; energy trading ; decision-making under uncertainty ; Demand Response Unit Commitment (DRUC) ; real-time simulation ; distributed generation ; discrete wavelet transformer ; microgrid (MG) ; probabilistic programming ; optimal bidding ; ac/dc hybrid microgrid ; building energy flexibility ; storage ; uncertainty ; Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) ; advance and retreat method ; multiplier method ; microgrid ; Demand Response (DR) ; electricity markets ; aggregators ; fault localization ; aggregator ; consensus algorithm ; black start ; microgrid operation ; local controller ; thermal comfort ; diffusion strategy ; optimal operation ; power system restoration (PSR) ; energy flexibility ; ARIMA ; pricing strategy ; clustering ; adaptive droop control ; multi-agent system (MAS) ; hierarchical game ; energy flexibility potential ; demand response
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 88
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This work presents the design and commissioning of a new low-temperature Scanning Tunnelling Microscope equipped with an innovative light collection setup using an integrated, micro-fabricated mirror tip. Commissioning experiments demonstrate the capabilities of this new instrument and reproduce known effects regarding gap plasmons on noble-metal surfaces. Furthermore, different contrasts in the plasmon-mediated light emission from Cobalt nano-islands on a Copper (111) substrate are reported.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Rastertunnelmikroskopie ; Molecules ; ""Metal Surfaces"" ; ""Low Temperatures"" ; Metalloberflächen ; Moleküle""Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy"" ; Plasmonen ; Plasmons ; Tieftemperatur ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 89
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: During the past few decades, plasma science has witnessed a great growth in laboratory studies, in simulations, and in space. Plasma is the most common phase of ordinary matter in the universe. It is a state in which ionized matter (even as low as 1%) becomes highly electrically conductive. As such, long-range electric and magnetic fields dominate its behavior. Cosmic plasmas are mostly associated with stars, supernovae, pulsars and neutron stars, quasars and active galaxies at the vicinities of black holes (i.e., their jets and accretion disks). Cosmic plasma phenomena can be studied with different methods, such as laboratory experiments, astrophysical observations, and theoretical/computational approaches (i.e., MHD, particle-in-cell simulations, etc.). They exhibit a multitude of complex magnetohydrodynamic behaviors, acceleration, radiation, turbulence, and various instability phenomena. This Special Issue addresses the growing need of the plasma science principles in astrophysics and presents our current understanding of the physics of astrophysical plasmas, their electromagnetic behaviors and properties (e.g., shocks, waves, turbulence, instabilities, collimation, acceleration and radiation), both microscopically and macroscopically. This Special Issue provides a series of state-of-the-art reviews from international experts in the field of cosmic plasmas and electromagnetic phenomena using theoretical approaches, astrophysical observations, laboratory experiments, and state-of-the-art simulation studies.
    Schlagwort(e): QB1-991 ; Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; cosmic ray knee and ankle ; blazars ; numerical methods ; global jets ; MHD–accretion ; muti-messenger astronomy ; massive star supernovae ; galaxies: active ; TBD ; 26Al ; black holes ; accreting black holes ; particle-in-cell simulations ; kink-like instability ; laser-induced nuclear reactions ; magnetic fields ; magneto-hydrodynamics ; gamma-ray bursts ; active galactic nuclei ; accretion discs–jets ; numerical relativity ; plasma physics ; GRMHD ; high-power laser systems ; radio interferometry ; recollimation shocks ; effective lifetime ; multi-wavelength astronomy ; relativistic jets ; high energy astrophysics ; jets ; active galaxies ; relativistic astrophysics ; helical magnetic fields ; laser plasma ; X-ray binaries ; polarization ; the Weibel instability ; AGN ; neutrino astrophysics ; radiation mechanism: non-thermal ; nuclear astrophysics ; cosmic rays ; mushroom instability ; accretion disks ; MHD winds ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 90
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: In the last few decades, natural fibers have received growing attention as an alternative to the synthetic fibers used in the reinforcement of polymeric composites, thanks to their specific properties, low price, health advantages, renewability, and recyclability. Furthermore, natural fibers have a CO2-neutral life cycle, in contrast to their synthetic counterparts. As is widely known, natural fibers also possess some drawbacks, e.g., a hydrophilic nature, low and variable mechanical properties, poor adhesion to polymeric matrices, high susceptibility to moisture absorption, low aging resistance, etc. This implies that their applications are limited to non-structural interior products. To overcome this problem, the hybridization of natural fibers with synthetic ones (i.e., glass, carbon, and basalt) or different natural fibers can be a solution. For this reason, extensive research concerning natural–synthetic and natural–natural hybrid composites has been done in the last years. In this context, this book aims to collect some interesting papers concerning the use of natural fibers together with synthetic ones with the aim of obtaining hybrid structures with good compromise between high properties (e.g., mechanical performances, thermal behavior, aging tolerance in humid or aggressive environments, and so on) and environment care.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; basalt fibers ; hybridization ; intraply flax/basalt hybrid ; jute ; composites ; natural fiber ; Unidirectional (UD) composites ; extrusion ; compression molding ; polyamide 11 ; flax fibres ; low-velocity impact ; interweaving flax-basalt fibers ; flax fibers ; flexural properties ; damage mechanisms ; mechanical properties ; hybrid bio-composite ; fabric ; renewable ; hybrid composites ; natural fibers ; polypropylene (PP) ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 91
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: The book compiles scientific articles describing advances in nanomaterial synthesis and their application in water remediation. The publications treat diverse problems such as dye degradation, heavy metal ion, as well as radioactive element capture and sequestration. There are 10 original research articles and one review article. The latter proposes graphene/CNT and Prussian blue nanocomposites for radioactive 137-cesium extraction from aqueous media. All reports thoroughly characterize the nanomaterials post-synthesis and describe their catalytic, photocatalytic, or ion exchange activities in contaminated water. The dyes studied in the collection are azo dyes, i.e. methylene blue and orange, rhodamine B, phenolic dyes viz. bromophenol blue, and other dyes with sulfonyl groups. Extraction of radioactive elements, including cationic 137Cs+ and anionic 125I?, is also investigated. The omnipresence of ZnO nanoparticles in everyday products and their effects in wastewater are also evaluated. Layered double hydroxide are capable of capturing Ag ions, which then has a catalytic effect on dye degradation. The nanomaterials considered are varied, viz., graphene, CNT, Prussian blue, nanoporous carbon, layered double hydroxides, magnetite, ferrites, organic powders, polymer membranes, bacteria, and inorganic nanomaterials such as MnO and Ag. The book targets an interdisciplinary readership.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; LDHs ; magnetic photocatalyst ; n/a ; bioremediation ; membrane ; BiOCl ; BiVO4 ; degradation ; agglomeration ; solvent vapor annealing ; nanoporous carbon ; nanocomposite ; Prussian blue ; stability ; silver nanomaterials ; adsorption ; wastewater ; desalination ; ZnO nanoparticles ; film ; magnetic performance ; metal-organic frameworks ; 137Cs+ selectivity ; nanomixtures ; water remediation ; photocatalytic activity ; adsorption properties ; magnetic extraction ; RGO ; structural regularity ; photocatalytic mechanism ; wastewater treatment ; 137-Cesium ; photocatalyst ; magnetic nanoparticles ; graphene ; radioactive iodine ; carbon nanotubes ; doping modification ; electrospinning ; radioactive contamination ; Mn–Zn ferrite ; mixed wastewater ; manganese oxide ; host–guest interaction ; bromophenol blue ; Dy3+ ; organic pollutants ; dye ; beta-cyclodextrin polymer ; polydopamine ; interaction ; dye removal ; adsorption models ; RhB photodegradation ; hydrothermal method ; supercapacitor ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 92
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: This Special Issue “Atmospheric Conditions for Wind Energy Applications” hosts papers on aspects of remote sensing for atmospheric conditions for wind energy applications. Wind lidar technology is presented from a theoretical view on the coherent focused Doppler lidar principles. Furthermore, wind lidar for applied use for wind turbine control, wind farm wake, and gust characterizations is presented, as well as methods to reduce uncertainty when using lidar in complex terrain. Wind lidar observations are used to validate numerical model results. Wind Doppler lidar mounted on aircraft used for observing winds in hurricane conditions and Doppler radar on the ground used for very short-term wind forecasting are presented. For the offshore environment, floating lidar data processing is presented as well as an experiment with wind-profiling lidar on a ferry for model validation. Assessments of wind resources in the coastal zone using wind-profiling lidar and global wind maps using satellite data are presented..
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; complex flow ; Floating Lidar System (FLS) ; mesoscale ; wind energy resources ; variational analysis ; wind turbine ; wind sensing ; wind energy ; wind gusts ; wake ; wind structure ; complex terrain ; global ocean ; remote sensing forecasting ; detached eddy simulation ; five-minute ahead wind power forecasting ; tropical cyclones ; fetch effect ; aerosol ; vertical Light Detection and Ranging ; range gate length ; resource assessment ; field experiments ; remote sensing ; optical flow ; turbulence ; atmospheric boundary layer ; Doppler Wind Lidar ; offshore ; empirical equation ; Lidar ; WindSAT ; coastal wind measurement ; offshore wind speed forecasting ; Doppler wind lidar ; Doppler ; wind ; wind lidar ; cross-correlation ; QuikSCAT ; wind resource assessment ; detecting and tracking ; single-particle ; gust prediction ; NWP model ; velocity-azimuth-display algorithm ; lidar-assisted control (LAC) ; Doppler lidar ; motion estimation ; power performance testing ; lidar ; large-eddy simulations ; wind farm ; coherent Doppler lidar ; wake modeling ; probabilistic forecasting ; control ; NeoWins ; wind turbine controls ; impact prediction ; wind turbine wake ; Hazaki Oceanographical Research Station ; VAD ; virtual lidar ; Doppler radar ; IEA Wind Task 32 ; ASCAT ; wind atlas ; turbulence intensity ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 93
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-31
    Beschreibung: Experimental and theoretical studies of Stark broadening of spectral lines in plasmas are the cornerstone of a large number of spectroscopic diagnostics of laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. As such, they are very important both fundamentally and practically, the latter being due to the numerous practical applications of plasmas. Examples are studies dealing with: controlled thermonuclear fusion (that would provide a virtually unlimited source of energy), plasma-based lasers for medical and other purposes, technological microwave discharges (especially those used for manufacturing microchips), a better understanding of solar activity, other astrophysical objects (white dwarfs, flare stars, and so on). The book reviews advances in this area achieved in recent years and presents new original papers building on these advances.
    Schlagwort(e): QC770-798 ; QA1-939 ; QC1-999 ; radiofrequency discharges ; relativistic laser-plasma interactions ; white dwarfs ; flare stars ; analytical advances in Stark broadening ; Spectroscopic diagnostics of plasmas ; fusion plasmas ; laboratory and astrophysical plasmas ; spectral lines shapes and shifts
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 94
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-31
    Beschreibung: The editors of this Special Issue titled “Intelligent Control in Energy Systems” have attempted to create a book containing original technical articles addressing various elements of intelligent control in energy systems. In response to our call for papers, we received 60 submissions. Of those submissions, 27 were published and 33 were rejected. In this book, we offer the 27 accepted technical articles as well as one editorial. Authors from 15 countries (China, Netherlands, Spain, Tunisia, United Sates of America, Korea, Brazil, Egypt, Denmark, Indonesia, Oman, Canada, Algeria, Mexico, and the Czech Republic) elaborate on several aspects of intelligent control in energy systems. The book covers a broad range of topics including fuzzy PID in automotive fuel cell and MPPT tracking, neural networks for fuel cell control and dynamic optimization of energy management, adaptive control on power systems, hierarchical Petri Nets in microgrid management, model predictive control for electric vehicle battery and frequency regulation in HVAC systems, deep learning for power consumption forecasting, decision trees for wind systems, risk analysis for demand side management, finite state automata for HVAC control, robust ?-synthesis for microgrids, and neuro-fuzzy systems in energy storage.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; energy management system ; artificial neural network ; control architecture ; intelligent buildings ; sensitivity analysis ; neural networks ; active balance ; photovoltaic system ; fast frequency response ; artificial intelligence ; MPPT operation ; model uncertainty ; load frequency control ; decision tree ; multi-agent control ; hybrid power plant ; Fault Ride Through Capability ; optimization ; small scale compressed air energy storage (SS-CAES) ; smart micro-grid ; current distortion ; hybrid electric vehicle ; parameter estimation ; railway ; ANFIS ; solar monitoring system ; urban microgrids ; phase-load balancing ; model reduction ; high-speed railway ; energy internet ; coordination of reserves ; differential evolution ; photovoltaic array ; ancillary service ; adjacent areas ; instantaneous optimization minimum power loss ; model predictive control ; HVAC systems ; sliding mode control ; MPPT: maximum power point tracking ; power oscillations ; thyristor ; interaction minimization ; occupancy model ; fuzzy logic controller ; power transformer winding ; RLS ; integrated energy systems ; vibration characteristics ; battery safety ; error estimation ; error compensation ; static friction ; convolutional neural network ; forecasting ; continuous voltage control ; medium voltage ; bridgeless SEPIC PFC converter ; building climate control ; PEM fuel cell ; proton exchange membrane fuel cell ; compound structured permanent-magnet motor ; occupancy-based control ; four phases interleaved boost converter ; long short term memory ; line switching ; lithium-ion battery pack ; back propagation (BP) neural network ; doubly-fed induction generator ; double forgetting factors ; current controller design ; repetitive controller ; exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve system ; neural network controller ; step-up boost converter ; internal short circuit resistance ; electric power consumption ; electric vehicle ; multiphysical field analysis ; energy efficiency ; multi-energy complementary ; system identification ; ?-synthesis ; network sensitivity ; intelligent control ; ?-class function ; frequency support ; multi-step forecasting ; frequency containment reserve ; orthogonal least square ; rule-based control ; industrial process ; hierarchical Petri nets ; wind integrated power system ; probabilistic power flow ; voltage controlling ; adaptive backstepping ; AC-DC converters ; line loss ; demand side management ; energy systems ; short-circuit experiment ; winding-fault characteristics ; neutral section ; stochastic power system operating point drift ; neural network algorithm ; operation limit violations ; fractional order fuzzy PID controller ; preventive control ; AC static switch ; battery packs ; model-based fault detection ; automotive application ; nonlinear power systems ; adaptive damping control ; pilot point ; energy management ; position control ; frequency control dead band ; fuzzy ; voltage violations ; distribution network planning ; frequency regulation ; energy management strategy ; multiple-point control ; electric meter ; polynomial expansion ; commercial/residential buildings ; system modelling ; three-stage ; soft internal short circuit ; demand response
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 95
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: [This issue of Proceedings gathers papers presented at XOVETIC2018 (A Coruña, Spain, 27–28 September 2018), a conference with the main goal of bringing together young researchers working in big data, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, HPC (high-performance computing), cybersecurity, bioinformatics, natural language processing, 5G, and others areas from the field of ICT(Information Communications Technology), and offering a platform to present the results of their research to a national audience in the north of Spain. This first edition aims to serve as the basis of this event, which will be consolidated over time and acquire international projection. The conference is co-funded by Xunta de Galicia and European Union. European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).]
    Schlagwort(e): QA75.5-76.95 ; TK7885-7895 ; QA1-939 ; QC1-999 ; 10.3390/books978-3-03897-301-0 ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 96
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-20
    Beschreibung: This book compiles selected papers from the Proceedings of the 1st International Online Conference on Nanomaterials, held 1–15 September, 2018 on sciforum.net, an online platform for hosting scholarly e-conferences and discussion groups. It targets a broad readership of physicists, chemists, materials scientists, biologists, environmentalists, and nanotechnologists, and provides interesting examples of the most recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanomaterials.
    Schlagwort(e): Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; graphene oxide ; n/a ; FTIR study ; XRD study ; hydrogel nanocomposites ; hybrid polymer composites ; functionalization degree ; carbon nanodots ; Caco-2 ; pseudo-crosslinking ; humidity ; branched polymers ; rotational rheology ; morphology ; nanoparticle transport ; iron oxide nanoparticles ; thermal stability ; functionalization ; quantum dots ; hydrophobicity ; optical properties ; Bragg stacks ; elastic modulus ; co-culture intestinal model ; optical sensing ; dispersion ; HT29-MTX ; hexamethylene diisocyanate ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 97
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) deliver intense, coherent, femtosecond laser pulses in the X-ray range. The XFELs are opening two new research fields. One is to study ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics in various forms of matter. XFELs can make atoms and electrons in action visible. Another field is to study the non-linear interaction of the unprecedented intense X-ray pulse with matter. XFELs transform matter into its new form in extreme conditions that have never been reached. The present special issue provides an overview of the current status and future direction of the development of XFELs and the research fields opened by XFELs. Featured are reports on the status and plans of all FEL facilities in the world, i.e., FLASH in Germany, LCLS in USA, SACLA in Japan, FERMI in Italy, European XFEL, SwissFEL, PAL-XFEL in Korea, and Shanghai SXFEL in China. Reports are also included on instrumentations and on science at these facilities, as well as on the relevant theory.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; structural dynamics ; electronic dynamics ; X-ray free electron lasers ; X-ray imaging ; time-resolved X-ray spectroscopy ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 98
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-31
    Beschreibung: This book is a result of the contributions of scientists involved in a Special Issue entitled “The Craft of Fractional Modelling in Science and Engineering” published by the journal Fractal and Fractional (MDPI). Most of the articles were published at the end of 2017 and the beginning 2018. In accordance with the initial aim of the Special Issue, the best published have now been consolidated into this book. The articles included span a broad area of applications of fractional calculus and demonstrate the feasibility of the non-integer differentiation and integration approach in modeling, directly related to pertinent problems in science and engineering. This a good beginning and it would be beneficial to continue with this collection under the same title and potentially provide a second volume of this book in the future.
    Schlagwort(e): QA1-939 ; QC1-999 ; fractional modelling ; local fractional calculus ; discrete fractional calculus ; control and identification ; fractional operator definitions ; solution techniques ; memory kernels ; electrochemical systems ; applied models ; biomechanical and medical applications
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 99
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This work concerns the characterization of high-temperature superconducting REBCO Roebel cables for use in accelerator magnets. The effects of bending, torsion and compressive stress on the cable are investigated. The second part concerns the effect of inter-strand resistance on the cable properties. A two-parameter model is proposed to describe inter-strand connections and predict the effect on AC loss and stability. Additionally, the AC loss and stability are experimentally investigated.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; Hochtemperatursupraleiter ; REBCO coated conductor ; High-temperature superconductor ; Hochfeldmagnete ; REBCO-Bandleiter ; Roebelkabel ; high-field magnets ; Roebel cable ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 100
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Phenol and chlorophenols are among the most important class of raw materials in chemical industry. These compounds also list among priority pollutants. The main problem in treating phenol or chlorophenol containing wastewater is the toxicity it exerts to the microbial flora in biological treatment plants. This may lead to partial or complete treatment plant failure, when the microbial flora is not adapted to phenol concentrations in the influent. The purpose of this thesis was to adapt the microbial flora of domestic sewage sludge to phenol and 2-chlorophenol at high concentration under continuous feeding conditions for long time periods and to study the response of suspension and fixed biofilm systems to transient loading and operation.
    Schlagwort(e): QC1-999 ; 2-chlorophenol ; Phenol ; fixed bed ; biodegradation ; suspension ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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