ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: The monograph shows zonal arid regional conformities of the composition formation and cryogenic structure of rocks in the north of West Siberia, revealed on the basis of long-term field investigations. Syngenetic permafrost and epigenetic permafrost are described. The connection of cryogenic structure and iciness of rocks with structural-tectonic factors has been observed. It is the first time when the salinity of cryogenic strata for the whole thickness and primary marine chloridesodium type of Quaternary sediments salinity were determined. The horizon of cooled saline rocks in a wide regional plan is picked out and observed. The deposits of massive ice bed have been characterized and studied in detail with the use of a number of methods. The materials presented have been widely used for a long time to develop the projects on oil and gas deposits development, pipeline construction and other objects and also for geocryological forecast for the creation of territorial complex scheme of nature protection. The monograph is intended for wide circle of geologists, geographers who are interested in Quaternary permafrost deposits of arctic low lands in Russia.

Description / Table of Contents: В монографии показаны выявленные на основе многолетних полевых исследований зональные и региональные закономерности формирования состава и криогенного строения пород на севере Западной Сибири. Описаны сингенетические и эпиrенетические мерзлые толщи. Прослежена связь криогенного строения и льдистости пород со структурно-тектоническими факторами. Впервые установлены засоленность криогенной толщи на всю ее мощность и первичный морской хлоридно-натриевый тип засоления четвертичных осадков. Выделен и прослежен в широком региональном плане горизонт охлажденных засоленных пород. С помощью комплекса методов детально изучены и охарактеризованы залежи пластовых льдов. Представленные материалы давно и широко используются при разработке проектов освоения нефтегазовых месторождений, строительстве трубопроводов и других объектов, а также для геокриологического прогноза при создании территориальной комплексной схемы зашиты природы. Монография предназначена для широкого круга геологов, географов, интересующихся многолетнемерзлыми четвертичными отложениями арктических низменностей России.

Description / Table of Contents: The editors and contributing authors of this volume participated in a short course on micas in Rome late in the year 2000. It was organised by Prof. Annibale Mottana and several colleagues (details in the Preface below) and underwritten by the Italian National Academy, Accademia Nationale dei Lincei (ANL). The Academy subsequently joined with the Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) in publishing this volume. MSA is grateful for their generous involvement. Micas are among the most common minerals in the Earth crust: 4.5% by volume. They are widespread in most if not all metamorphic rocks (abundance: 11 %), and common also in sediments and sedimentary and igneous rocks. Characteristically, micas form in the uppermost greenschist facies and remain stable to the lower crust, including anatectic rocks (the only exception: granulite facies racks). Moreover, some micas are stable in sediments and diagenetic rocks and crystallize in many types of lavas. In contrast, they are also present in association with minerals originating from the very deepest parts of the mantle-they are the most common minerals accompanying diamond in kimberlites. The number of research papers dedicated to micas is enormous, but knowledge of them is limited and not as extensive as that of other rock-forming minerals, for reasons mostly relating to their complex layer texture that makes obtaining crystals suitable for careful studies with modern methods time-consuming, painstaking work. Micas were reviewed extensively in 1984 (Reviews in Mineralogy 13, S.W. Bailey, editor). At that time, the "Micas" volume covered most if not all aspects of mica knowledge, thus producing a long shelf-life for this book. Yet, or perhaps because of that excellent review, mica research was vigorously renewed, and a vast array of new data has been gathered over the past 15 years. These data now need to be organized and reviewed. Furthermore, a Committee nominated by the International Mineralogical Association in the late 1970s concluded its long-lasting work (Rieder et al. 1998) by suggesting a new classification scheme which has stimulated new chemical and structural research on micas. To make a very long story short: the extraordinarily large, but intrinsically vague, mica nomenclature developed during the past two centuries has been reduced from 〉300 to just 37 species names and 6 series (see page xiii, preceding Chapter 1); the new nomenclature shows wide gaps that require data involving new chemical and structural work; the suggestion of using adjectival modifiers for those varieties that deviate away from end-member compositions requires the need for new and accurate measurements, particularly for certain light elements and volatiles; the use of polytype suffixes based on the modified Gard symbolism created better ways of determining precise stacking sequences. This resulted in new polytypes being discovered. Indeed, all this has happened over the past few years in an almost tumultuous way. It was on the basis of these developments that four scientists (B. Zanettin, A. Mottana, F.P. Sassi and C. Cipriani) applied to Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei-the Italian National Academy-for a meeting on micas. An international meeting was convened in Rome on November 2-3, 2000 with the title Advances on Micas (Problems, Methods, Applications in Geodynamics). The topics of this meeting were the crystalchemical, petrological, and historical aspects of the micas. The organizers were both Academy members (C. Cipriani, A. Mottana, F.P. Sassi, W. Schreyer, lB. Thompson Jr., and B. Zanettin) and Italian scientists well-known for their studies on layer silicates (Professors M.F. Brigatti and G. Ferraris). Financial support in additional to that by the Academy was provided by C.N.R. (the Italian National Research Council), M.U.R.S.T. (the Italian Ministry for University, Scientific Research and Technology) and the University of Rome III. Approximately 200 scientists attended the meeting, most of them Italians, but with a sizeable international participation. Thirteen invited plenary lectures and six oral presentations were given, and fourteen posters were displayed. The amount of information presented was large, although the organizers made it very clear that the meeting was to be limited to only a few of the major topics of mica studies. Other topics are promised for a later meeting. Oral and poster presentations on novel aspects of mica research are being printed in the European Journal of Mineralogy, as a part of an individual thematic issue: indeed thirteen papers have appeared in the November 2001 issue. The plenary lectures, which consisted mostly of reviews, are presented in expanded detail in this volume. This book is the first a co-operative project between Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei and Mineralogical Society of America. Hopefully, future projects will involve reviews of the remaining aspects of mica research, and other aspects of mineralogy and geochemistry. The entire meeting was made successful through a co-operative effort. The editing of this book was achieved by a co-operative effort of two Italian Academy members from one side, and by two American scientists from the other side, one of them (JBT) being also a member of Lincei Academy. The entire editing process benefited from the goodwill of many referees, both from those attending the Rome meeting and from several who did not. In all cases the reviewers were distinguished experts of the international community of mica scholars. Their work, as well as our editing work, were aided greatly by RiMG Series Editor, Professor Paul Ribbe, who continuously supported the effort with all his professional experience and friendly advice. We, the co-editors, thank them all very warmly, but take upon ourselves all remaining shortcomings: we are aware that some shortcomings may be present in spite of all our efforts to avoid them. Moreover, we are aware that there are puzzling aspects of micas that are unresolved. Please consider all these as possible avenues for future research!

Description / Table of Contents: In many geological epochs, glacial sediments are widespread. This type of sedimentation results from the interaction between atmosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere under temperatures ranging from 0 to -80. Two types of glacial sediments exists: those from sea-ice and those from icebergs. Both types can be subdivided into various subfacies. Most widespread in the Northern Hemisphere is the Siberian subfacies, characterized by silt and clay and often misinterpreted as sediments of temperate zones. This reference book for researchers working on this kind of sediments provides a complete overview of the various glacial deposits in the ocean. (AUT)

Description / Table of Contents: This 7.7 magnitude earthquake occurred in the state of Gujarat in western India. Approximately 14,000 lives were lost and over 167,000 persons injured. Damage was spread over a radius of 400 kilometers from the epicenter. The first major quake to hit an urban area of India in the last 50 years, it caused extensive liquefaction and slope failures but no primary surface fault rupture. The resulting net economic loss is estimated to be about US $5 billion. This volume is a joint report from the combined EERI-NSF team. It covers the seismotectonic setting; local geological and geotechnical effects; performance of buildings, lifelines, and other structures and facilities; and social and governmental response.

Description / Table of Contents: Profiles of particulate and dissolved 234Th (t1/2=24.1 days) in seawater and particulate 234Th collected in drifting traps were analyzed in the Barents Sea at five stations during the ALV3 cruise (from June 28 to July 12, 1999) along a transect from 78°15′N–34°09′E to 73°49′N–31°43′E. 234Th/238U disequilibrium was observed at all locations. 234Th data measured in suspended and trapped particles were used to calibrate the catchment efficiency of the sediment traps. Model-derived 234Th fluxes were similar to 234Th fluxes measured in sediment traps based on a steady-state 234Th model. This suggests that the sediment traps were not subject to large trapping efficiency problems (collection efficiency ranges from 70% to 100% for four traps). The export flux of particulate organic carbon (POC) can be calculated from the model-derived export flux of 234Th and the POC/234Th ratio. POC/234Th ratios measured in suspended and trapped particles were very different (52.0±9.9 and 5.3±2.2 μmol dpm−1, respectively). The agreement between calculated and measured POC fluxes when the POC/234Th ratio of trapped particles was used confirms that the POC/234Th ratio in trap particles is representative of sinking particles. Large discrepancies were observed between calculated and measured POC fluxes when the POC/234Th ratio of suspended particles was used. In the Barents Sea, vertical POC fluxes are higher than POC fluxes estimated in the central Arctic Ocean and the Beaufort Sea and lower than those calculated in the Northeast Water Polynya and the Chukchi Sea. We suggest that the latter fluxes may have been strongly overestimated, because they were based on high POC/234Th ratios measured on suspended particles. It seems that POC fluxes cannot be reliably derived from thorium budgets without measuring the POC/234Th ratio of sediment trap material or of large filtered particles.

Description / Table of Contents: An account of the results of the 2 March 1987 earthquake in the eastern Bay of Plenty and the aftermath's effects on the people and places on the Rangitaiki Plains

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Elliptic boundary value problems; 2. Introduction to the finite element method; 3. Conforming finite element methods for second-order problems; 4. Other finite element methods for second-order problems; 5. Application of the finite element method to some nonlinear problems; 6. Finite element methods for the plate problem; 7. A mixed finite element method; 8. Finite element methods for shells

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Data and Methods. Variability in Atmospheric Circulation in the Arctic between 1939 and 1990. Variability of Air Temperature. Variability of Atmospheric Precipitation. Scenarios of Thermal-Precipitation Conditions in a Warmer World.