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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2023-12-08
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-06-16
    Description: The Aegean region overlies a complex tectonic regime that experiences a wide diversity of earthquake behaviour, with enormous disparity in focal mechanism and spatio-temporal distribution. Multiple random earthquake simulations, via Monte Carlo simulation, offer the opportunity to analyse seismic hazard across the Aegean, whilst still allowing for uncertainty in various parameters such as frequency-magnitude relation, maximum magnitude (Mmax) and attenuation relation. They may also enable meaningful determination of hazard (in terms of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and MSK Intensity) with exceedence probabilities significantly smaller than those currently used in standard probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) techniques. In addition, these simulations can also be used to conduct sensitivity analyses that will act as a verification process, allowing assumptions regarding the seismic hazard parameters to be continually tested. A catalogue of earthquakes in the Aegean (1900-1999AD) is used as a basis for fitting appropriate models of spatial distribution, frequency-magnitude relation and maximum-magnitude. This has been achieved by random re-sampling of the catalogue, and by random sampling from a Gutenberg-Richter relation fitted to the observed data. Simple hazard analyses for five cities within the Aegean have been undertaken using the earthquake simulations. PGA has been determined using appropriate attenuation relations, and its variability quantified. For each site, the PGA with a 10% probability of exceedence in 50 years is largely consistent with those of current hazard analyses. This may give the user additional confidence in the hazard determined for lower exceedence probabilities.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 3
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    IUGG Secretariat, CIRES Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado
    In:  IUGG Annual Report
    Publication Date: 2023-03-02
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: The goal of the BEECD project is to prepare a basic parametric earthquake catalogue of Europe and a database of primary data, with special reference to long-term seismicity. This paper discusses the background of the project, with special reference to the reasons and the procedures according to which the catalogue and the database will be compiled. In the following the first results of the project are presented: first, procedures and problems in the compilation of the working file, including the analysis of the input catalogues; next, the definition of a tool for classifying the supporting data sets and its application to the entries of the input catalogue for the time-window before 1990, which shows that the average quality of the supporting data is rather poor; finally, some results of earthquake investigation, some potential use and the expected results.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 5
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2022-11-14
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-06-17
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    Publication Date: 2022-03-28
    Description: The IPOC seismic network is part of the Integrated Plate boundary Observatory Chile (IPOC), a European-Chilean network of institutions and scientists organizing and operating a distributed system of instruments and projects dedicated to the study of earthquakes and deformation at the continental margin of Chile. In particular, the seismic network is jointly operated by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany; the Institut de Physique du Globe Paris, France (IPGP); the Chilean National Seismological Centre (CSN); the Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (UdC); and the Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile (UCNA). The subduction plate boundary between the South American and the oceanic Nazca plates exhibits some of the largest earthquakes on Earth. The IPOC goal is to improve the understanding of both the physical mechanisms underlying these processes and the natural hazards induced by them. The observatory is designed to monitor the plate boundary system from the Peru-Chile border to south of the city of Antofagasta, from the coast to the high Andes, capturing both great and small earthquakes in this region. A key component of IPOC is its multi-parameter observatories, where at each site a suite of different physical parameters are measured continuously. So far about 20 such multi-parameter stations are installed. All of these sites are equipped with STS-2 broadband seismometers and accelerometers. Additional instrumentation at some of the stations includes continuous GPS, electric and magnetic field (MT), surface inclination, and climate (temperature, air pressure, humidity). Most sites transmit their data in near-real time using a suite of communication channels (VSAT, WiFi, telemetry etc.). Seismic instruments are deployed on concrete pedestals in bedrock caverns (a few meters deep) to measure ground shaking from earthquakes or other sources that last from a tiny fraction of a second to several hours. Strong-motion sensors are deployed next to the broadband sensors to increase the dynamic range and for earthquake engineering applications. Broadband data are freely distributed in real-time and archive data is also available. This DOI encompasses all IPOC seismic data; data is available under FDSN network code CX.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 8
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The main focus of this paper is on freight transportation and food supply in the United States and in Europe especially in Germany. Organic, resp. healthy and safe food is a growing demand in both countries. People who consume organic food often believe that this contributes to an environmentally sound behaviour. But transportation issues are not or rarely taken into consideration so far, although long distance transport not only needs energy, it as well influences quality, freshness and taste of food. On both sides of the Atlantic, in freight transportation and food supply can be found a lot of differences as well as similarities. Main differences to the U.S. from the European standpoint are e.g. the bigger land area and larger and much more concentrated economic units. Quite naturally one can find a higher volume of long distance freight transport than in Europe. Similarities can be observed, but very often they present themselves in another extent, e.g. the trend towards privatisation and liberalisation, to more extended suburbanisation or to an unreflected way of consumer behaviour. In addition, this report raises some new questions: is the ’technological solution’ of environmental problems the only way? What can be done to include lifestyles and consumer behaviour into a new strategy?
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
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  • 9
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: In this brochure, WISIONS focuses on the micro financing of renewable energy systems. WISIONS presents projects from Peru, South Africa, China and Nepal that have been successfully implemented, with the intention of further promoting the particular approaches used by these projects. Using a key number of internationally accepted criteria, the main consideration for the selection of the microfinance projects was the inclusion of renewable energy technologies like solar/photovoltaic systems, wind energy and hydropower biogas used for cooking, lighting, power telecommunications equipment, radio, television, household electrification, health clinics, water pumping, milling and grinding, water disinfection, fencing, computer education, machinery operation, etc. in households or businesses.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 10
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: In 2005 two very important milestones of international climate policy were reached: The entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol and the installation of a European wide emissions trading system. In Germany, the publication of the fifth report of the inter-ministerial working group on climate policy was published with an evaluation of climate protection policies. In 2004 the Japanese climate protection policy was fully revised so that Japan will also bring forth important developments in this area. The traditional close cooperation in this area between Japan and Germany, must now result in more concrete projects to keep this dynamic going well into the future. There is much potential to achieve a lot. Within the unique framework of the Germany in Japan Year 2005-2006, the German Ministry for the Environment, the Ministry for Innovation of Northrhine-Westfalia, together with the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (Japan) and the Wuppertal Institute (Germany) put together a two day event in Tokyo comprising an experts workshop and a one day conference. At the conference, experts and practitioners of the German government, the states, the private sector and environmental organisations from Germany and Europe presented the decisive factors for success as well as the difficulties encountered namely in introducing an eco-tax and the Emissions Trading Scheme. Japanese experts and practitioners reported on Japanese approaches and reviewed the German/European experiences in light of the Japanese situation. At the expert workshop, researchers and decision makers discussed the experiences with policy dialogues and stakeholder involvement. They assessed the transferability of German/European experiences into the Japanese context and the broader inclusion of civil society into the governmental decision making process, that is so say, the opportunities in co-operating with politics, private sector and environmental organisations. This report documents the events and highlights the most outstanding conclusions and ideas for further cooperation in the future.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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