ALBERT

Description: In den 10 Must-Knows aus der Biodiversitätsforschung legen 45 Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler fundiert und allgemein verständlich Fakten zur biologischen Vielfalt dar. Sie analysieren die komplexen Systeme der Erde, indem sie zehn Schlüsselbereiche hervorheben, von denen wiederum jeder untrennbar mit allen anderen verbunden ist. Sie zeigen Wege auf, um einen weiteren Verlust an Artenvielfalt und Ökosystemen zu stoppen und die biologische Vielfalt zu fördern. Ihr Ziel ist, für Politik und Gesellschaft wissenschaftlich gesicherte Bewertungen der aktuellen Erkenntnisse für bessere politische Entscheidungen und Maßnahmen auf lokaler, regionaler, nationaler und globaler Ebene zur Verfügung zu stellen, um die Vielfalt des Lebens – die Biodiversität – zu erhalten. Dies sind die 10MustKnows 2022: 1. Klima- und Biodiversitätsschutz zusammen verwirklichen 2. Planetare Gesundheit stärken 3. Unsichtbare Biodiversität beachten 4. Biokulturelle Lebensräume fördern 5. Wald nachhaltig nutzen 6. Landwirtschaft umbauen 7. Land und Ressourcen schützen 8. Transnationale Infrastrukturen und Bildung für Nachhaltigkeit 9. Zugang und offene Nutzung von Forschungsdaten sichern 10. Biodiversitätsfreundliche Anreize setzen

Description: After the 'March 15 incident' on Japanese Communist Party members in 1928, many activists converted in prison, and "conversion period" (tenkō jidai) appeared. The converted people (tenkōsha) then wrote notes in which they described the ideological and spiritual changes that occurred during their imprisonment. The change was prompted by the teachings of Buddhism, mainly Jōdo Shinshū, and the presence of chaplains (kyōkaishi) who mediated the teachings. The tenkōsha abandoned their faith in Marxism, returned to Japanese traditional familism, became devoted to the Emperor of Japan, and some started to practice agricultural fundamentalism. In this article, I will focus on a person named Kobayashi Morito (1902 -1984), who wrote about his own experience of conversion in Until He Left the Communist Party (1932) and also edited the notes of other conversion people and published them as Notes of a Converter (1933) and Thought and Life of the Converted（1935）, and will analyze the stories of conversion experiences of various tenkōsha, reexamining how they accepted conversion, and at the same time focus on the contradictions and conflicts that occurred there.

Description: The turtle (kame) is of great importance in East Asian culture and it is seen as a supernatural creature. In Japanese literature, we can find examples of the turtle in works dating back to the Nara period, such as Tangokuni fudoki and Nihonshoki. Just like the crane, the turtle is a symbol of longevity. However, from the Kamakura period a new and unique interpretation of the turtle as the “singing/crying turtle” makes its appearance. Of this topos, known as kame naku, we can find only very few examples in literature until the Meiji era and the most known are the waka anthologies Shinsen waka rokujō and Fuboku wakashō, and Kyokutei Bakin’s kigo collection Haikai saijiki shiorigusa. However, from the beginning of the modern age, kame naku has been used by many poets as a kigo connected to spring and its frequency has hugely increased. After the war, it began to appear not only in poetry but also in novels and essays. The best known examples of this being Mishima Yukio’s short novel Chūsei, Uchida Hyakken’s essay Kame naku ya, Kawakami Hiromi’s work Oboreru. Using kame naku as a keyword, in this paper we will analyze the attitudes and approaches of modern and contemporary poets and novelists toward the topos.

Description: Historical agreed minimum discharges of river Elbe at the czech-german border profile Hřensko/Schöna Discharges of the river Elbe at the border profile between the Czech Republic and Germany at Hřensko/ Schöna play an essential role for the suitability of the German river section downstream for shipping. A cascade of reservoirs upstream the border profile was mainly built between 1950 and 1964. Since then a significant supplemental low water management at the boarder profile is possible. Although the low wa¬ter control at the German-Czech boarder profile is currently managed by a network of German and Czech institutions the legal basis of this management regime is currently not fully understood. In particular, the question raised weather current management targets for low water supplement can be seen based on still valid German-Czech agreements between the former states German Democratic Republic and Czech Slovakian Socialistic Republic. This report summarizes the chronological follow up of the construction of the Czech reservoir system and the related agreements between the German and Czech site.The authors have assembled the development of the effectively agreed minimum discharges at the border profile ČSSR/GDR at Hřensko/Schöna. The available joint coordination statements between ČSSR and GDR during the period April 1983 and May 1988 were reviewed and compared to the recorded discharges. The capacity for low water supplements at Hřensko/Schöna increased since 1900 from 143,58 Mil. m³ to 2 566,24 Mil. m³ in 2010. The greatest parts of the total storage capacity are located in the Vltava and in the Ohře river basin with storage capacities of 1 894,03 Mil. m³ and 404,35 Mil. m³, respectively. The Vltava cascade is currently managed in a way that a minimum discharge is guaranteed of about 40,0 m³/s at barrage Vrané. This compares to a natural discharge situation with minimum flows between 12,0 to 15,0 m³/s. The barrage system in the Ohře river system can currently ensure minimum discharges of about 8,00 m³/s compared with natural discharges between 1,50 and 2,00 m³/s. The boarder profile at Hřensko/ Schöna is directly affected by the reservoir control in Vltava and Ohře. The GDR made several efforts to agree with the ČSSR on minimum discharge levels for the river Elbe at the border profile at Hřensko/Schöna. After years of negotiations minimum monthly medial discharges (Min MQ month) were defined for a hydrological year starting from November until October. However, these monthly medial values still allowed for shortfalls at the daily scale. Based on the monthly medial values two coordination arrangements were concluded between the ČSSR and the GDR about the supply of minimum discharge at their joint border profile at Hřensko/Schöna. The first started in April, 1983 and was valid till 1990. The agreement was updated and extended in May, 1988 till 2000. The lastly agreed monthly minimum values range between 86,8 m³/s in August and 185,2 m³/s in April. Although an agreement about these values exists, it never had a legally binding character. However, these values are still used as orientation for the control of Czech reservoirs in practise. In the past, the agreed minimum discharges felled only once below the limit. In July 1964, the observed monthly discharge was 89,1 m³/s which is 7.1 m³/s short of the agreed value of 96,2 m³/s. Climate change might lead to a more frequent short fall of the once agreed minimum values. Considering this fact and the informal nature of the current target values for control a new formal framework for the minimum flow regime at the German-Czech boarder might be in the interest of the German water users downstream.