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  • English  (4)
  • German
  • Turkish
  • German  (1)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-10-05
    Description: Institut für Geographische Wissenschaften, Freie Universität Berlin
    Description: research
    Keywords: 910 ; earthquake ; Pakistan ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: English
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 114
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-09-03
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.22 ; seismogram ; earthquake ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German , English
    Type: presentation
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-11-09
    Description: Earthquake Database of Germany Diethelm Kaiser, Gernot Hartmann Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Hannover, Germany The earthquake catalogue for Germany (Leydecker 2011) was integrated in the earthquake database GERSEIS of BGR. For this purpose, the database was extended and a browser based application was developed to improve the database access (Kaiser et al. 2014). The following requirements in terms of structure and functionality were considered: tracking of event parameter changes, archive of erroneously inserted events (fakes, misinterpretations), schemes of relationships among the references and sources for an event, macroseismic data points, prioritization of epicentres, magnitudes and intensities, synchronization with catalogues from other institutions. The parameters of 12,667 seismic events for the years 800 to 2008 have been integrated. 6,861 of these events could be associated to events already existing in GERSEIS. In the course of integration seismological parameters have been reviewed, they have been corrected or complemented for 68 earthquakes. The database GERSEIS now contains instrumental and macroseismic parameters of more than 43,000 earthquakes since the year 800 until today. For approximately 38,000 events at least one instrumental magnitude is available, mostly local magnitude ML. Homogenously determined ML (BGR/SZGRF) are available since 1995 for 11,000 earthquakes. For 6,700 earthquakes macroseismic parameters are available, mostly epicentral intensity which is the most common parameter for earthquakes older than 1970. The database contains isoseismal radii for 1100 earthquakes, 150 of these have isoseismal radii of intensity 5 and larger. The database GERSEIS is accessible as web map service (WMS) through the BGR Product-center https://produktcenter.bgr.de and by interactive query, map display, and data download through the BGR Geoviewer https://geoviewer.bgr.de. We plan to improve the earthquake database by re-evaluating important historical earthquakes, building a macroseismic database, and determining moment magnitudes from instrumental and macroseismic data. References Kaiser, D., Bürk, D., Hartmann, G., Stelling, U. & Schlote, H. (2014): Integration of catalogues of historical and instrumentally recorded earthquakes in Germany in a common database – Concepts, uses, and products. Second European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (2ECEES); Istanbul, http://www.eaee.org/Media/Default/2ECCES/2ecces_esc/3202.pdf. Leydecker, G. (2011): Erdbebenkatalog für Deutschland mit Randgebieten für die Jahre 800 bis 2008. Geologisches Jahrbuch, E 59, 1-198.
    Description: https://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Themen/Erdbeben-Gefaehrdungsanalysen/Veranstaltungen/HistEarth_Paleoseis_Okt2017/histEarth_paleoseis_2017_node.html
    Description: presentation
    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; earthquake ; earthquake catalogue
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: Detailed imaging of accretionary wedges reveals splay fault networks that could pose a significant tsunami hazard. However, the dynamics of multiple splay fault activation during megathrust earthquakes and the consequent effects on tsunami generation are not well understood. We use a 2‐D dynamic rupture model with complex topo‐bathymetry and six curved splay fault geometries constrained from realistic tectonic loading modeled by a geodynamic seismic cycle model with consistent initial stress and strength conditions. We find that all splay faults rupture coseismically. While the largest splay fault slips due to a complex rupture branching process from the megathrust, all other splay faults are activated either top down or bottom up by dynamic stress transfer induced by trapped seismic waves. We ascribe these differences to local non‐optimal fault orientations and variable along‐dip strength excess. Generally, rupture on splay faults is facilitated by their favorable stress orientations and low strength excess as a result of high pore‐fluid pressures. The ensuing tsunami modeled with non‐linear 1‐D shallow water equations consists of one high‐amplitude crest related to rupture on the longest splay fault and a second broader wave packet resulting from slip on the other faults. This results in two episodes of flooding and a larger run‐up distance than the single long‐wavelength (300 km) tsunami sourced by the megathrust‐only rupture. Since splay fault activation is determined by both variable stress and strength conditions and dynamic activation, considering both tectonic and earthquake processes is relevant for understanding tsunamigenesis.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: In subduction zones, where one tectonic plate moves beneath another, earthquakes can occur on many different faults. Splay faults are relatively steep faults that branch off the largest fault (the megathrust) in a subduction zone. As they are steeper than the megathrust, the same amount of movement on them could result in more vertical displacement of the seafloor. Therefore, splay faults are thought to play an important role in the generation of tsunamis. Here, we use computer simulations to study if an earthquake can break multiple splay faults at once and how this affects the resulting tsunami. We find that multiple splay faults can indeed fail during a single earthquake due to the stress changes from trapped seismic waves, which promote rupture on splay faults. Rupture on splay faults results in larger seafloor displacements with smaller wavelengths, so the ensuing tsunami is bigger and results in two main flooding episodes at the coast. Our results show that it is important to consider rupture on splay faults when assessing tsunami hazard.
    Description: Key Points: Multiple splay faults can be activated during a single earthquake by megathrust slip and dynamic stress transfer due to trapped waves. Splay fault activation is facilitated by their favorable orientation with respect to the local stress field and their closeness to failure. Long‐term geodynamic stresses and fault geometries affect dynamic splay fault rupture and the subsequent tsunami.
    Description: Volkswagen Foundation (VolkswagenStiftung) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001663
    Description: Royal Society (The Royal Society) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000288
    Description: EC | H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (ERC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: National Science Foundation (NSF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
    Description: https://github.com/TUM-I5/SWE
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6969455
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; earthquake ; tsunami ; subduction zone ; dynamic rupture ; splay fault ; numerical modeling
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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