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  • typology  (5)
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  • Language Science Press  (6)
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  • 1
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    A typology of marked-S languages (2021)
    Language Science Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: Case-systems all over the world exhibit striking similarities. In most lan- guages intransitive subjects (S) receives less overt marking than one of the two transitive arguments (agent-like A or patient-like P); the other one of these two arguments is usually encoded by the same form as S. In some languages the amount of overt marking is identical between S, A, and P. But hardly ever does the S argument receive more overt marking than A or P. Yet there are some languages that do not follow this general pattern. This book is about those languages that behave differently, the marked-S languages. Marked-S languages are well-known to be found in East Africa, where they occur in two different language families, Afro-Asiatic and Nilo-Sa- haran. They can also be found in North-Western America and the Pacific region. This book is the first investigation of marked S-languages that treats the phenomenon on a global scale. The study examines the functional distribution of the two main case- forms, the form used for S (S-case) and the case-form of the transitive ar- gument which receives less marking (the zero-case). It offers a very fine- grained perspective considering a wide range of constructions. The con- texts in which the case-marking patterns are investigated include nom- inal, existential and locational predication, subjects in special discourse function (e. g. focused constituents), subjects of passives and dependent clauses, as well as the forms used for addressing someone (vocative form) and for using a noun in isolation (citation form). Apart from the functional distribution of case forms, the formal means of marking are also considered. The main focus is on the synchronic de- scription and comparison of marked-S languages, but historical explana- tions for the unusual case-marking pattern are also discussed.
    Keywords: marked nominative ; typology ; case-marking ; alignment ; argument structure ; marked absolutive ; Accusative case ; Grammatical case ; Predicate (grammar) ; Relative clause ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Further investigations into the nature of phrasal compounding (2021)
    Language Science Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This collection of papers on phrasal compounding is part of a bigger project whose aims are twofold: First, it seeks to broaden the typological perspective by providing data for as many different languages as possible to gain a better understanding of the phenomenon itself. Second, based on these data which clearly show interaction between syntax and morphology it aims to discuss theoretical models which deal with this kind of interaction in different ways. Models like Generative Grammar assume components of grammar and a clear-cut distinction between the lexicon (often including morphology) and grammar. Other models, like construction grammar, do not assume such components and are rather based on a lexicon including constructs. A comparison of these models on the basis of this phenomenon on the morphology-syntax interface makes it possible to assess their descriptive and explanatory power.
    Keywords: construction grammar ; interaction between syntax and morphology ; typology ; generative grammar ; Bulgarian language ; Compound (linguistics) ; Genitive case ; Icelandic language ; Noun ; Polish language ; Semantics ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Adjective attribution (2021)
    Language Science Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: "This book is the first typological study of adjective attribution marking. Its focus lies on Northern Eurasia, although it covers many more languages and presents an ontology of morphosyntactic categories relevant to noun phrase structure in general. Beside treating synchronic data, the study contributes to historical linguistics by reconstructing the origin of new types specifically in the language contact area between the Indo-European and Uralic families."
    Keywords: nothern eurasia ; noun phrase ; attribution ; typology ; ontology of morphosyntactic categories ; adjectives ; Construct state ; Indo-European languages ; Nominalization ; Noun adjunct ; Syntax ; Uralic languages ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Grammaticalization in the North: Noun phrase morphosyntax in Scandinavian vernaculars (2021)
    Language Science Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This book looks at some phenomena within the grammar of the noun phrase in a group of traditional North Germanic varieties mainly spoken in Sweden and Finland, usually seen as Swedish dialects, although the differences between them and Standard Swedish are often larger than between the latter and the other standard Mainland Scandinavian languages. In addition to being conservative in many respects – e.g. in preserving nominal cases and subject-verb agreement – these varieties also display many innovative features. These include extended uses of definite articles, incorporation of attributive adjectives, and a variety of possessive constructions. Although considerable attention has been given to these phenomena in earlier literature, this book is the first to put them in the perspective of typology and grammaticalization processes. It also looks for a plausible account of the historical origin of the changes involved, arguing that many of them spread from central Sweden, where they were later reverted due to the influence from prestige varieties coming from southern Scandinavia.
    Keywords: typology ; grammar of the noun phrase ; grammaticalization process ; north germanic varieties ; Adjective ; Article (grammar) ; Dative case ; Definiteness ; Elfdalian ; Genitive case ; Swedish language ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Crossroads between contrastive linguistics, translation studies and machine translation (2021)
    Language Science Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: Contrastive Linguistics (CL), Translation Studies (TS) and Machine Translation (MT) have common grounds: They all work at the crossroad where two or more languages meet. Despite their inherent relatedness, methodological exchange between the three disciplines is rare. This special issue touches upon areas where the three fields converge. It results directly from a workshop at the 2011 German Association for Language Technology and Computational Linguistics (GSCL) conference in Hamburg where researchers from the three fields presented and discussed their interdisciplinary work. While the studies contained in this volume draw from a wide variety of objectives and methods, and various areas of overlaps between CL, TS and MT are addressed, the volume is by no means exhaustive with regard to this topic. Further cross-fertilisation is not only desirable, but almost mandatory in order to tackle future tasks and endeavours, and this volume is committed to bringing these three fields even closer together.
    Keywords: methodology of translation studies ; Adjective ; Anaphora (linguistics) ; Bigram ; Denmark ; Italy ; Machine translation ; N-gram ; Noun ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    The Alor-Pantar languages: History and typology (2021)
    Language Science Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: The Alor-Pantar family constitutes the westernmost outlier group of Papuan (Non-Austronesian) languages. Its twenty or so languages are spoken on the islands of Alor and Pantar, located just north of Timor, in eastern In- donesia. Together with the Papuan languages of Timor, they make up the Timor-Alor-Pantar family. The languages average 5,000 speakers and are under pressure from the local Malay variety as well as the national lan- guage, Indonesian. This volume studies the internal and external linguistic history of this interesting group, and showcases some of its unique typological features, such as the preference to index the transitive patient-like argument on the verb but not the agent-like one; the extreme variety in morphologi- cal alignment patterns; the use of plural number words; the existence of quinary numeral systems; the elaborate spatial deictic systems involving an elevation component; and the great variation exhibited in their kinship systems. Unlike many other Papuan languages, Alor-Pantar languages do not ex- hibit clause-chaining, do not have switch reference systems, never suffix subject indexes to verbs, do not mark gender, but do encode clusivity in their pronominal systems. Indeed, apart from a broadly similar head-final syntactic profile, there is little else that the Alor-Pantar languages share with Papuan languages spoken in other regions. While all of them show some traces of contact with Austronesian languages, in general, borrow- ing from Austronesian has not been intense, and contact with Malay and Indonesian is a relatively recent phenomenon in most of the Alor-Pantar region.
    Keywords: elevationals ; alor-pantar languages ; comparative linguistics ; papuan languages ; typology ; linguistics ; numeral systems ; Abui language ; Adang language ; Alor–Pantar languages ; Blagar language ; Parallel and cross cousins ; Teiwa language ; Wersing language ; Western Pantar language ; Woisika language ; thema EDItEUR::2 Language qualifiers::2P Oceanic and Austronesian languages::2PC Papuan languages ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics
    Language: English
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