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  • thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues  (916)
  • machine learning  (586)
  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (1,395)
  • RAND Corporation  (16)
  • English  (1,411)
  • Danish
  • Spanish
  • 2020-2024  (1,411)
  • 1980-1984
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  • English  (1,411)
  • Danish
  • Spanish
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  • 2020-2024  (1,411)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This book reprints articles from the Special Issue "Advances in Computer-Aided Technology" published online in the open-access journal Machines (ISSN 2075-1702). This book consists of thirteen published articles. This Special Issue belongs to the "Mechatronic and Intelligent Machines" section. Industry 4.0 is characterized by the integration of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and cloud computing, into traditional manufacturing and production processes. CAx (Computer-Aided Systems) systems are a set of computer software tools used in engineering and product design, covering various stages of the product development cycle. Advanced CAx tools combine many different aspects of product lifecycle management (PLM), including design, finite element analysis (FEA), manufacturing, production planning and product. In connection with the transition to Industry 4.0 concepts, the concept of the digital twin comes to the fore, and existing CAx systems must adapt to this trend. The Special Issue deals with a number of research areas, such as: - New trends in CAx systems; Digital manufacturing; Internet of Things in manufacturing; Simulation of production systems and processes; Systems for advanced finite element analysis; Material engineering; Digitization and 3D scanning.
    Keywords: tensor glyph ; golden section ; vector space ; sandwich ; springback ; Vegter yield criterion ; numerical simulation ; PAM-STAMP 2G ; isotropic hardening law ; kinematic hardening law ; bending ; Bauschinger effect ; machine learning ; artificial neural network ; additive manufacturing ; high precision metrology ; CAD ; predictive model ; ship hull structure ; computer-aided design of structure ; database ; function soft block ; gun drill tool ; deep-drilling technology ; optimization ; tool life ; angle ; digital implant impression ; interimplant distance ; intraoral scanner ; trueness ; sewing machine ; needle bar ; floating needle ; electromagnet ; electromagnetic simulation ; noise reduction ; cycloidal gearbox ; friction ; actuator ; servomotor ; permanent magnet synchronous machine ; fixture design ; machining ; sustainable manufacturing ; process innovation ; complex-shape part ; signal processing ; monitoring system ; laser profiler ; surface roughness ; quality assessment ; non-contact method ; vision-based method ; frequency analysis ; abrasive water jet ; wood plastic composite ; natural reinforcement ; knitting machine ; stroke ; drive ; simulation ; cylinder ; dynamic modeling ; load spectrum reconstruction ; fatigue test ; hydraulic excavator ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint concerns topics on chemical, functional, and technological features of wheats to obtain wheat-based foods improved in phytochemicals. Genetic materials, from landraces to ancient and modern wheat varieties, characterized for their content of bioactive compounds, were exploited to produce superior staple foods. The study of other species allowed to identify functional ingredients, in wholemeals or in their by-products, useful in the enrichment of formulations for various cereal-based products. Further, in the optic of circular economy, it is of great interest the extraction of bioactive components from food processing waste belonging to the other crops to functionalize final products.
    Keywords: durum wheat ; diversity ; pigmented cereals ; phytochemicals ; anthocyanins ; antioxidant activity ; protein ; gluten ; wheat aleurone ; dietary fibre ; extraction process ; antioxidant ; bread ; arabinoxylans ; bakery ; biologically active substances ; DPPH assay ; nutritional value ; sensory properties ; pasta fortification ; hemp flour ; durum wheat cultivar ; amino acids ; fatty acids ; mineral fortification ; brewers’ spent grain ; bread-making ; circular economy ; common wheat ; emmer ; phenolics ; proteins ; sustainable food production ; bread wheat ; spelt ; fibre ; metabolites ; minerals ; fertilisation ; health benefits ; colour ; farinograph ; rheofermentograph ; viscoelastic behaviour ; bread shelf life ; crumb porosity ; cereals ; wholemeal ; biscuits ; phenolic acid compositions ; carotenoids ; consumer acceptance ; wheat quality ; genetic resources ; ancient wheat ; avocado wastes/by-products ; functional bread ; lactic acid bacteria ; sourdough ; peels ; pulp ; seeds ; polyphenols ; antioxidant properties ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent years, the fascination with shape memory alloys (SMAs) has grown across industries such as aerospace, automotive, naval, civil, and biology. SMAs possess unique properties, including the ability to recover from deformation when heated, exhibit pseudoelastic stress-strain behavior for large deformations, and exceptional biocompatibility for bioengineering applications. However, a comprehensive understanding of critical characteristics like transformation temperature and stress values is necessary to fully utilize SMAs. The shape memory effect, where SMAs regain their original shape after deformation under specific thermal conditions, has driven innovative applications in various sectors. In aerospace, SMAs are used in wing structures and actuation systems, enabling morphing and improving aerodynamics. In healthcare, they are integrated into orthopedic devices, simplifying surgical procedures and providing necessary support. The automotive industry also benefits from SMAs, using them in seatbelts and vibration damping systems for enhanced safety and comfort. Accurate knowledge of critical characteristics is essential for effective utilization of SMAs, unlocking their potential in different fields. The remarkable versatility of SMAs, with their deformation recovery, pseudoelasticity, and biocompatibility, positions them as a material of immense interest. As research and development continue, SMAs are poised to drive future innovations, shaping various industries.
    Keywords: shape memory alloy (SMAs) ; shape memory effect (SME) ; superelasticity ; smart materials ; constitutive models ; simulation and modeling ; smart devices ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Mg alloy is the lightest metallic structural material and possesses the advantages of high specific strength, high specific stiffness, good electromagnetism shield, good damping capacity, good machinability, and easy recycling, etc. Therefore, it has extremely broad application prospects and has drawn considerable interest in the fields of automobile, electronics, electrical appliances, transportation, aerospace, and aviation. In addition, Mg alloys are gradually showing application potential in emerging industries, serving as biodegradable metals in the biomedical field, functional material for hydrogen storage, and so on. This Special Issue (SI), entitled “Research Progress in High-Performance Magnesium Alloy and Its Applications”, presents recent developments and excellent results in the field of Mg alloys, and includes 10 articles and one editorial covering some interesting aspects of the topic.
    Keywords: grain refinement ; high strength and toughness ; {10–12} twin ; Mg-Gd-Y alloy ; multidirectional impact forging ; Mg-Zn-Mn-Ca ; Ca2Mg6Zn3 phase ; corrosion behaviors ; SKPFM ; boride ; MgB2 ; mechanical alloying ; ignition ; combustion ; flame temperature ; magnesium alloy ; biocompatibility ; surface coating modification ; corrosion resistance ; implantable bio-metal materials ; filler material ; welding ; scandium ; microstructure modification ; mechanical properties ; microstructure ; texture ; stretch formability ; high temperature cross-rolling ; annealing ; wire arc additive manufacturing ; cold metal transfer ; Al-Mg alloys ; orthogonal experiment ; Mg-Bi-Ca alloy ; hot deformation ; constitutive model ; dynamic recrystallization kinetics ; Mg alloy ; twinning ; random orientation ; compression ; room temperature ; backward extrusion ; tensile strength ; failure mechanism ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Papers collected in the present Special Issue relate to the field of sericulture. They cover different aspects based on a very ancient human agricultural activity, taking into consideration classical agronomic aspects, such as the impact of feeding on silk quality and sericulture in different parts of the world. Nonetheless, cutting edge topics are addressed as well, with papers studying silk as a biomaterial, the silkworm as a model organism, and the possibility of exploring its physiology and the molecular mechanisms that stand behind it with the aid of modern tools such as gene profiling, the CRISPR/Cas-9 system, and -omics sciences.
    Keywords: silkworm ; Bombyx mori ; transcriptome analysis ; RNA-seq ; gene model transcriptional factor ; Cutibacterium acnes ; infection ; antibacterial drugs ; polyamines ; cell cycle progression ; Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus ; sequencing analysis ; qPCR ; pathogenicity difference ; maternal mRNAs ; 20-hydroxyecdysone ; pupa ; wandering ; fibroin ; sericin ; chrysalis ; diabetes ; hydrogen sulfide ; transcriptome ; differentially expressed genes ; expression pattern ; silk ; supercritical carbon dioxide impregnation ; nanofiller ; CRISPR-Cas ; silkworms ; genome engineering ; insect biotechnology ; entomology ; sericulture ; agroindustry ; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ; mulberry ; moriculture ; germplasm preservation ; 16S rRNA gene ; amplicon sequencing ; gut microbiota ; co-expression network analysis ; silk protein ; transcription factor ; Eri silkworm ; pentose-utilizing microbe ; lactic acid bacteria ; probiotic ; Eri culture ; silk fibroin ; SILKBridge® nerve conduit ; performance testing ; biocompatibility ; toxicology ; regulatory requirements ; quality requirements ; control manufacturing ; green material ; biomaterial ; 3D scaffolds ; cancer therapy ; bibliometric analysis ; mulberry silkworm pupae ; nutritional composition ; silk gland ; infection model ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; insect immune response ; antimicrobial compounds ; glycopeptide antibiotics ; vancomycin ; teicoplanin ; dalbavancin ; mulberry leaves ; chemical composition ; feeding experiment ; bacterial microbiome ; BmNPV ; Bombyx mori L. ; non-timber forest product ; livelihood ; Indonesia ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Metalliferous minerals play a central role in the global economy. They will continue to provide the raw materials we need for industrial processes. Significant challenges will likely emerge if the climate-driven green and low-carbon development transition of metalliferous mineral exploitation is not managed responsibly and sustainably. Green low-carbon technology is vital to promote the development of metalliferous mineral resources shifting from extensive and destructive mining to clean and energy-saving mining in future decades. Global mining scientists and engineers have conducted a lot of research in related fields, such as green mining, ecological mining, energy-saving mining, and mining solid waste recycling, and have achieved a great deal of innovative progress and achievements. This Special Issue intends to collect the latest developments in the green low-carbon mining field, written by well-known researchers who have contributed to the innovation of new technologies, process optimization methods, or energy-saving techniques in metalliferous minerals development.
    Keywords: metallurgical slag-based binders ; solidification/stabilisation ; As(III) ; As(V) ; calcium hydroxide ; sublevel caving ; numerical simulation ; physical model ; structural parameter ; green mining ; limestone ; high temperature ; confining pressure ; SHPB ; constitutive model ; open-pit mine ; PLAXIS 3D ; dynamic load ; safety factor ; acceleration ; particle sedimentation ; filling mining ; degree of influence ; pipeline transportation ; solid waste utilization ; tailings ; reclamation risk ; hazard identification ; complex network ; hazard management ; digital mine ; mine short-term production planning ; haulage equipment dispatch plan ; ABCA ; NSGA ; settlement velocity measurement ; K-means ; tailings backfill ; unsupervised learning ; cemented paste backfill ; ESEM ; picture processing ; floc networks ; pumping agent ; fractal dimension ; backfill slurry ; strength of cemented backfill ; inhomogeneity of cemented backfill ; cemented tailings backfill ; copper ; zinc ; recovery ; sulfide concentrate ; artificial microbial community ; granular backfill ; bearing characteristics ; numerical model ; particle size ; surface subsidence ; blasting dust movement ; dust concentration ; particle size distribution ; blasting dust reduction ; backfill ; metal mine ; log-sigmoid ; tailings pond ; regional distribution ; dam break ; accident statistics ; causation analysis ; backfilling ; increasing resistance and reducing pressure ; computational fluid dynamics ; spiral pipe ; stowing gradient ; coal-based solid waste ; orthogonal experiment ; strength development ; regression analysis ; engineering performance ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTU Mining technology and engineering
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Blockchain and cryptocurrencies have recently captured the interest of academics and those in industry. Cryptocurrencies are essentially digital currencies that use blockchain technology and cryptography to facilitate secure and anonymous transactions. The cryptocurrency market is currently worth over $500 billion. Many institutions and countries are starting to understand and implement the idea of cryptocurrencies in their business models. This Special Issue will provide a collection of papers from leading experts in the area of blockchain and cryptocurrencies. The topics covered in this Special Issue will include but are not limited to the following: academic research on blockchain and cryptocurrencies; industrial applications of blockchain and cryptocurrencies; applications of fintech in academia and industry; the economics of blockchain technology, and the financial analysis and risk management with cryptocurrencies.
    Keywords: cryptocurrencies ; connectedness ; spill overs ; spectral analysis ; time-frequency-dynamic ; Bitcoin ; cryptocurrency ; spillover risks ; Copulas ; Student’s-t ; survey ; bitcoin ; efficient market hypothesis ; ARIMA ; artificial neural network ; static forecast ; contagion effect ; detrended cross-correlation analysis ; liquidity ; Ethereum ; market liquidity ; Hurst exponent ; high frequency ; fraud ; algorithms ; correlations ; impact ; risks ; regulation ; blockchain ; autoregression ; time-series analysis ; simulation ; predictive modes ; endogenous ; exogenous variables ; Blockchain ; Cryptocurrencies ; Digital Currencies ; Risk management ; Financial analysis ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Smart materials and structures are capable of active or passive changes in terms of shapes, properties, and mechanical or electromagnetic responses in reaction to an external stimulus, such as light, temperature, stress, moisture, pH, and electric or magnetic fields. They have attracted increasing interest for their enhanced performance and efficiency over a wide range of industrial applications, especially for aerospace. These require novel engineering approaches and design philosophies in order to integrate the actions of sensors, actuators, and control circuit elements into a single system that can respond adaptively to its surroundings. This reprint has collected cutting-edge research and recent advances in smart materials and structures, including seven original research papers and three review articles, co-authored by 65 scientists and engineers from 18 institutions and 3 industries. The research topics mainly cover advanced materials, applications of smart materials and structures, as well as recent development in sensing techniques. We hope this reprint will contribute to disseminating the latest progress in smart materials and structures, as well as stimulate the interest of its audience to work in this important and vibrant area to promote and benefit the multidisciplinary scientific communities.
    Keywords: textile-based mechanical sensors ; mechanism ; preparation ; advantages ; applications ; Artificial Neural Network (ANN) ; guided waves ; Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) ; Finite Element Analysis (FEA) ; damage detection ; metals ; composites ; aeroelastic stability ; bladed disk ; intentional mistuning ; piezoelectric material ; topological optimization ; microstructure ; high-entropy alloy ; mechanical property ; bipedal robot ; dynamics simulation ; MRE isolator ; vibration reduction control algorithms ; no-core fiber ; polyaniline ; polyacrylic acid ; pH sensor ; multimode interference ; gas foil bearing ; Inconel alloy ; sensing foil ; strain field ; temperature field ; thermomechanical coupling ; thermomechanical characterization ; rotor dynamics ; turbomachinery ; cholesteric liquid crystals ; electro-optic response ; polymer stabilization ; ion-trapping mechanism ; liquid metal ; stretchable conductor ; 3D printing ; high dynamic stability ; wearable devices ; biomimetic ; Venus flytrap ; smart ; composite ; mechanics ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue was intended as a forum to advance research and apply machine-learning and data-mining methods to facilitate the development of modern electric power systems, grids and devices, and smart grids and protection devices, as well as to develop tools for more accurate and efficient power system analysis. Conventional signal processing is no longer adequate to extract all the relevant information from distorted signals through filtering, estimation, and detection to facilitate decision-making and control actions. Machine learning algorithms, optimization techniques and efficient numerical algorithms, distributed signal processing, machine learning, data-mining statistical signal detection, and estimation may help to solve contemporary challenges in modern power systems. The increased use of digital information and control technology can improve the grid’s reliability, security, and efficiency; the dynamic optimization of grid operations; demand response; the incorporation of demand-side resources and integration of energy-efficient resources; distribution automation; and the integration of smart appliances and consumer devices. Signal processing offers the tools needed to convert measurement data to information, and to transform information into actionable intelligence. This Special Issue includes fifteen articles, authored by international research teams from several countries.
    Keywords: virtual power plant (VPP) ; power quality (PQ) ; global index ; distributed energy resources (DER) ; energy storage systems (ESS) ; power systems ; long-term assessment ; battery energy storage systems (BESS) ; smart grids ; conducted disturbances ; power quality ; supraharmonics ; 2–150 kHz ; Power Line Communications (PLC) ; intentional emission ; non-intentional emission ; mains signalling ; virtual power plant ; data mining ; clustering ; distributed energy resources ; energy storage systems ; short term conditions ; cluster analysis (CA) ; nonlinear loads ; harmonics, cancellation, and attenuation of harmonics ; waveform distortion ; THDi ; low-voltage networks ; optimization techniques ; different batteries ; off-grid microgrid ; integrated renewable energy system ; cluster analysis ; K-means ; agglomerative ; ANFIS ; fuzzy logic ; induction generator ; MPPT ; neural network ; renewable energy ; variable speed WECS ; wind energy conversion system ; wind energy ; frequency estimation ; spectrum interpolation ; power network disturbances ; COVID-19 ; time-varying reproduction number ; social distancing ; load profile ; demographic characteristic ; household energy consumption ; demand-side management ; energy management ; time series ; Hidden Markov Model ; short-term forecast ; sparse signal decomposition ; supervised dictionary learning ; dictionary impulsion ; singular value decomposition ; discrete cosine transform ; discrete Haar transform ; discrete wavelet transform ; transient stability assessment ; home energy management ; binary-coded genetic algorithms ; optimal power scheduling ; demand response ; Data Injection Attack ; machine learning ; critical infrastructure ; smart grid ; water treatment plant ; power system ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The sustainable management of water cycles is crucial in the context of climate change and global warming. It involves managing global, regional, and local water cycles, as well as urban, agricultural, and industrial water cycles, to conserve water resources and their relationships with energy, food, microclimates, biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and anthropogenic activities. Hydrological modeling is indispensable for achieving this goal, as it is essential for water resources management and the mitigation of natural disasters. In recent decades, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in hydrology and water resources management has led to notable advances. In the face of hydro-geo-meteorological uncertainty, AI approaches have proven to be powerful tools for accurately modeling complex, nonlinear hydrological processes and effectively utilizing various digital and imaging data sources, such as ground gauges, remote sensing tools, and in situ Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The thirteen research papers published in this Special Issue make significant contributions to long- and short-term hydrological modeling and water resources management under changing environments using AI techniques coupled with various analytics tools. These contributions, which cover hydrological forecasting, microclimate control, and climate adaptation, can promote hydrology research and direct policy making toward sustainable and integrated water resources management.
    Keywords: ANN ; roadside IoT sensors ; simulations of the gridded rainstorms ; 2D inundation simulation and real-time error correction ; weather types and features ; meteorological feature extraction ; artificial neural network ; self-organizing map (SOM) ; urban agriculture ; resource utilization efficiency ; urban northern Taiwan ; machine learning ; random forest ; regression analysis ; support vector machine ; threshold rainfall ; threshold runoff ; XGBoost ; stochastic rainfall generator ; Huff rainfall curve ; copula ; GeoAI ; artificial intelligence ; hydrological ; hydraulic ; fluvial ; water quality ; geomorphic ; modeling ; anomaly detection ; deep reinforcement learning ; telemetry water level ; time series ; ensemble ; multi-model ensemble ; precipitation ; forecasting ; persian gulf ; deep learning ; dam inflow ; RNN ; LSTM ; GRU ; hyperparameter ; rainfall time series ; artificial neural networks ; Multiple Linear Regression ; Chania ; CNN ; ELM ; temporary rivers ; hydrological extremes ; multivariate stochastic model ; autoregressive model ; Markov model ; daily temperature ; temperature generator ; Bayesian neural network ; forecasting uncertainty ; multi-step ahead forecasting ; probabilistic streamflow forecasting ; variational inference ; smart microclimate-control system (SMCS) ; system dynamics ; water–energy–food nexus ; agricultural resilience ; hydroinformatics ; hydrological modeling ; early warning ; uncertainty ; sustainability
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: This book captures advancements in the applications of computational intelligence (artificial intelligence, machine learning, etc.) to problems in the mineral and mining industries. The papers present the state of the art in four broad categories: mine operations, mine planning, mine safety, and advances in the sciences, primarily in image processing applications. Authors in the book include both researchers and industry practitioners.
    Keywords: truck dispatching ; mining equipment uncertainties ; orebody uncertainty ; discrete event simulation ; Q-learning ; grinding circuits ; minerals processing ; random forest ; decision trees ; machine learning ; knowledge discovery ; variable importance ; mineral prospectivity mapping ; random forest algorithm ; epithermal gold ; unstructured data ; blast impact ; empirical model ; mining ; fragmentation ; mine worker fatigue ; random forest model ; health and safety management ; stockpiles ; operational data ; mine-to-mill ; geostatistics ; ore control ; mine optimization ; digital twin ; modes of operation ; geological uncertainty ; multivariate statistics ; partial least squares regression ; oil sands ; bitumen extraction ; bitumen processability ; mine safety and health ; accidents ; narratives ; natural language processing ; random forest classification ; hyperspectral imaging ; multispectral imaging ; dimensionality reduction ; neighbourhood component analysis ; artificial intelligence ; mining exploitation ; masonry buildings ; damage risk analysis ; Bayesian network ; Naive Bayes ; Bayesian Network Structure Learning (BNSL) ; rock type ; mining geology ; bluetooth beacon ; classification and regression tree ; gaussian naïve bayes ; k-nearest neighbors ; support vector machine ; transport route ; transport time ; underground mine ; tactical geometallurgy ; data analytics in mining ; ball mill throughput ; measurement while drilling ; non-additivity ; coal ; petrographic analysis ; macerals ; image analysis ; semantic segmentation ; convolutional neural networks ; point cloud scaling ; fragmentation size analysis ; structure from motion ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This book is motivated by our passion to compile recent research on antimicrobial surfaces. We aimed to assemble research papers on the preparation of new materials, antimicrobial testing using different pathogens (bacteria, fungi, and viruses), and the relationship between the coating nanostructure and its reactivity towards the studied pathogen(s). We believe that a good antimicrobial coating should by characterized by (i) a fast activity towards the pathogen, (ii) sustainable activity based on the stability of the coating, and (iii) the lowest possible toxicity for humans and reduced risks for the environment. Striking a compromise between these different challenges is difficult and requires more research.
    Keywords: active packaging ; chitosan ; methylcellulose ; natamycin ; antimicrobial action ; quaternary ammonium groups ; acrylic acid ; glycidyl methacrylate ; crosslinking reaction ; coating ; edible films ; edible coatings ; antimicrobial agents ; fresh fish ; spoilage ; shelf-life ; black anther disease ; orchid cut flower ; silver nanoparticles ; antifouling efficacy ; flow-through ; triangular box ; Amphibalanus amphitrite ; cuprous oxide ; dynamic aging ; repellant activity ; raft experiment ; bioassay ; biofouling of ships’ hull ; polypropylene ; hernia meshes ; antibacterial ; drug release ; polydopamine ; antimicrobial ; citric acid ; cross-linked ; cold plasma ; antimicrobial activity ; brilliant green ; crystal violet ; demethylation ; lignin ; polyurethane coatings ; triphenylmethane dyes ; 3D printing ; catheters ; dialysis ; extrusion ; infections ; manufacturing ; infection ; coatings ; silver ; nanomaterials ; plasma deposition ; titanium-based thin films ; copper ; magnetron sputtering ; super-elastic coatings ; E. coli inactivation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Third millennium engineering address new challenges in materials sciences and engineering. In particular, the advances in materials engineering combined with the advances in data acquisition, processing and mining as well as artificial intelligence allow for new ways of thinking in designing new materials and products. Additionally, this gives rise to new paradigms in bridging raw material data and processing to the induced properties and performance. This present topical issue is a compilation of contributions on novel ideas and concepts, addressing several key challenges using data and artificial intelligence, such as:- proposing new techniques for data generation and data mining;- proposing new techniques for visualizing, classifying, modeling, extracting knowledge, explaining and certifying data and data-driven models;- processing data to create data-driven models from scratch when other models are absent, too complex or too poor for making valuable predictions;- processing data to enhance existing physic-based models to improve the quality of the prediction capabilities and, at the same time, to enable data to be smarter; and- processing data to create data-driven enrichment of existing models when physics-based models exhibit limits within a hybrid paradigm.
    Keywords: plasticity ; machine learning ; constitutive modeling ; manifold learning ; topological data analysis ; GENERIC ; soft living tissues ; hyperelasticity ; computational modeling ; data-driven mechanics ; TDA ; Code2Vect ; nonlinear regression ; effective properties ; microstructures ; model calibration ; sensitivity analysis ; elasto-visco-plasticity ; Gaussian process ; high-throughput experimentation ; additive manufacturing ; Ti–Mn alloys ; spherical indentation ; statistical analysis ; Gaussian process regression ; nanoporous metals ; open-pore foams ; FE-beam model ; data mining ; mechanical properties ; hardness ; principal component analysis ; structure–property relationship ; microcompression ; nanoindentation ; analytical model ; finite element model ; artificial neural networks ; model correction ; feature engineering ; physics based ; data driven ; laser shock peening ; residual stresses ; data-driven ; multiscale ; nonlinear ; stochastics ; neural networks ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The eradication of vector-borne diseases is threatened by the limited range of available insecticides, leading, inevitably, to the development of resistance. This is particularly concerning for malaria control, which relies heavily on insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual sprays (IRS). New chemistries are being developed, and innovative deployment of insecticides may play a role in overcoming resistance, either through new types of tools or new means of distribution. A variety of novel product types and vector control strategies are under development and evaluation, which is to be celebrated, but a strong evidence base is needed to guide effective operational deployment decisions. Novel approaches should be supported by robust data collected using appropriate and validated methods to monitor efficacy, durability, and any emerging resistance. This reprint presents original research into developing and characterizing new vector control products, as well as understanding and monitoring insecticide resistance. Review articles explore the impact of insecticide resistance and offer guidance on insecticide choice in the face of pyrethroid resistance. Consensus methodologies are presented, in the form of standard operating procedures (SOPs) designed to be adopted and used to generate reproducible data that can be compared and interpreted across and between studies. It is hoped that this collection of articles offers inspiration and guidance on how consistent data can be generated to inform more effective development, evaluation, and use of new and existing vector control tools.
    Keywords: prallethrin ; insecticide ; spatial treatment ; mosquito fitness ; protection ; pyrethroids ; Aedes albopictus ; Culex pipiens ; life tables ; mosquito ; bite-proof garment ; model ; textile ; non-insecticidal ; physical barrier ; insecticide selection ; out-crossing ; strain authentication ; laboratory screening ; pyrethroid ; pyrethroid resistance ; insecticide resistance ; insecticide resistance management ; vector control ; malaria ; malaria control ; Anopheles ; host-seeking behavior ; insecticide exposure ; pathogen transmission ; Aedes aegypti ; Anopheles gambiae ; ATSB ; Culex quinquefasciatus ; Iroquois ; RNAi ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; yeast ; Anopheles mosquito ; fertility ; ovary development ; pyriproxyfen (PPF) ; side-effects ; machine learning ; image classification ; automated identification ; convolutional neural network ; insecticide-treated net (ITN) ; PBO ITN ; synergist ITN ; dual-AI ITN ; insecticide resistance management (IRM) ; method validation ; durability monitoring ; bioinsecticide ; disease transmission ; insecticide-resistance ; mosquito-borne disease ; mosquito control ; natural compounds ; phytochemical ; malaria vector ; insecticide treated nets ; cytochrome P450s ; kdr ; cuticular resistance ; deltamethrin ; imidacloprid ; bifenthrin ; β-cyfluthrin ; etofenprox ; α-cypermethrin ; λ-cyhalothrin ; thiacloprid ; mosquitoes ; Attractive Toxic Sugar Bait (ATSB) ; Attractive Targeted Sugar Bait (ATSB) ; diagnostic bioassay ; resistance monitoring ; insecticide-treated nets (ITN) ; strain characterisation ; method development ; product evaluation ; quality control (QC) ; dual active ingredients (dual-AI) ; bioefficacy ; IRS ; application technology ; broflanilide ; clothianidin ; pirimiphos-methyl ; WHO tube ; WHO tunnel test ; ITNs ; interceptor ; interceptor G2 ; membrane ; human arm ; rabbit ; bioassay ; bio-efficacy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue provides an insight, collated from 26 articles, focusing on various aspects of the Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration (FFPLA) concept and its application. It presents some influential and innovative trends and recommendations for designing, implementing, maintaining and further developing Fit-For-Purpose solutions for providing secure land rights at scale. The first group of 14 articles is published in Volume One and discusses various conceptual innovations related to spatial, legal and institutional aspects and its wider applications within land use management. The second group of 12 articles is published in Volume Two and focuses on case studies from various countries throughout the world, providing evidence and lessons learned from the FFPLA implementation process.
    Keywords: complete cadastre ; legal element ; fixing boundary ; eligible landowner ; agreement ; boundary marker ; fit-for-purpose land administration (FFP LA) ; violent conflict ; United Nations ; extra-legal ; transitional justice ; peace building ; land governance ; power relations ; securing land rights ; land registration ; development impacts ; fit-for-purpose land administration ; land administration ; decentralization ; India ; fit-for-purpose ; institutions ; governance ; politics ; Amazon ; deforestation ; Fit-For-Purpose land administration ; participatory mapping ; indigenous land conflict ; Cumaribo ; Colombia ; community-based land adjudication ; components of adjudication ; land tenure ; land rights ; good practices ; updating land records ; systematic land registration ; unconventional approach ; case study ; Benin ; cadaster ; land administration domain model ; LADM ; cadastre ; FFPLA ; customary tenure ; land inventory ; land management ; mobile-based applications ; pro-poor ; land surveying ; tenure security ; land rights and tenure ; fit-for-purpose approach ; human rights ; design science research ; design thinking ; fit for purpose ; spatial data quality ; spatial data quality assurance ; maintenance ; update ; upgrade ; upkeep ; renewal ; data quality ; spatial framework ; STDM ; technology ; UAV ; feature extraction ; rapid urbanization ; climate change ; pandemic ; urban resilience ; spatial ; legal ; and institutional frameworks ; land tenure security ; pro-poor land recordation ; land governance reform ; cost effectiveness ; innovative technology ; case studies ; Uganda ; customary land tenure ; land recordation tools ; semantic technologies ; land information system ; fit-for-purpose land management ; aerial and street level imagery ; machine learning ; integrated land programs ; land policy ; pilot study ; informal settlements ; urban development ; Brazil ; community-based crowdsourcing ; SiGIT ; Ecuador ; land and resources rights ; public-private partnerships ; corporate social responsibility ; poverty reduction ; business driven solutions ; social enterprises ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Supply Chain 4.0 is designed, planned, managed and optimized using Industry 4.0 technologies. There are many research issues and challenges associated with Supply Chain 4.0, a data rich complex system. The available data can interpret what happened in the past, what is currently happening, what will happen in the future and what are the best actionable decisions. Digitalization, visibility, connectivity and interoperability are integrated in Supply Chain 4.0. The operational, tactical and strategic plans across the supply chain are digitally interlinked and real-time synchronized with a 360-degree view. The win–win partnerships are dynamic and sustainable, with agility, flexibility and responsiveness to uncertain business environments. New models and methods are advocated to implement Supply Chain 4.0 research and development. With the progress and implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies, it is anticipated that there will be more and more breakthroughs in the models and methods of Supply Chain 4.0. This Special Issue will serve as a helpful reference for Supply Chain 4.0 researchers and practitioners.
    Keywords: Industry 4.0 ; supply chain management and optimization ; Supply Chain 4.0 ; supply chain analytics ; supply chain visibility and connectivity ; supply chain synchronization and coordination ; sustainable supply chain management&nbsp ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Microfluidic platforms are increasingly being used for separating a wide variety of particles based on their physical and chemical properties. In the past two decades, many practical applications have been found in chemical and biological sciences, including single cell analysis, clinical diagnostics, regenerative medicine, nanomaterials synthesis, environmental monitoring, etc. In this Special Issue, we invited contributions to report state-of-the art developments in the fields of micro- and nanofluidic separation, fractionation, sorting, and purification of all classes of particles, including, but not limited to, active devices using electric, magnetic, optical, and acoustic forces; passive devices using geometries and hydrodynamic effects at the micro/nanoscale; confined and open platforms; label-based and label-free technology; and separation of bioparticles (including blood cells), circulating tumor cells, live/dead cells, exosomes, DNA, and non-bioparticles, including polymeric or inorganic micro- and nanoparticles, droplets, bubbles, etc. Practical devices that demonstrate capabilities to solve real-world problems were of particular interest.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Today, the flow of electricity is bidirectional, and not all electricity is centrally produced in large power plants. With the growing emergence of prosumers and microgrids, the amount of electricity produced by sources other than large, traditional power plants is ever-increasing. These alternative sources include photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), geothermal, and biomass renewable generation plants. Some renewable energy resources (solar PV and wind turbine generation) are highly dependent on natural processes and parameters (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, solar irradiation, humidity, etc.). Thus, the outputs are so stochastic in nature. New data-science-inspired real-time solutions are needed in order to co-develop digital twins of large intermittent renewable plants whose services can be globally delivered.
    Keywords: self-healing grid ; machine-learning ; feature extraction ; event detection ; optimization techniques ; manta ray foraging optimization algorithm ; multi-objective function ; radial networks ; optimal power flow ; automatic P2P energy trading ; Markov decision process ; deep reinforcement learning ; deep Q-network ; long short-term delayed reward ; inter-area oscillations ; modal analysis ; reduced order modeling ; dynamic mode decomposition ; machine learning ; artificial neural networks ; steady-state security assessment ; situation awareness ; cellular computational networks ; load flow prediction ; contingency ; fuzzy system ; change detection ; data analytics ; data mining ; filtering ; optimization ; power quality ; signal processing ; total variation smoothing ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    RAND Corporation
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This report discusses the information revolution in the Asia-Pacific region and its likely course over the next five to ten years. Key questions addressed in this report include the extent to which the information revolution has taken hold of markets in this region, the political implications of the information revolution for Asian governments, the variations between individual countries, and the prospects for further information-technology-related developments in the region.
    Keywords: Technology ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZM Information architecture ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: In recent years, new and emerging digital technologies applied to food science have been gaining attention and increased interest from researchers and the food/beverage industries. In particular, those digital technologies that can be used throughout the food value chain are accurate, easy to implement, affordable, and user-friendly. Hence, this Special Issue (SI) is dedicated to novel technology based on sensor technology and machine/deep learning modeling strategies to implement artificial intelligence (AI) into food and beverage production and for consumer assessment. This SI published quality papers from researchers in Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Spain, and Mexico, including food and beverage products, such as grapes and wine, chocolate, honey, whiskey, avocado pulp, and a variety of other food products.
    Keywords: sensory ; physicochemical measurements ; artificial neural networks ; near infra-red spectroscopy ; wine quality ; machine learning modeling ; weather ; consumer acceptance prediction ; data fusion ; emotion recognition ; facial expression recognition ; galvanic skin response ; machine learning ; neural networks ; sensory analysis ; avocado ; cultivars ; preference mapping ; sensory evaluation ; sensory descriptive analysis ; consumer science ; unifloral honeys ; botanical origin ; physicochemical parameters ; classification ; natural language processing ; deep learning ; sensory science ; flavor lexicon ; long short-term memory ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book has focused on novel developments and advancements in the field of heterogeneous catalysis with the aim of greenhouse gas reduction. The book determines whether carbon dioxide is a crisis or an opportunity, as well as its conversion into useful products such as synthesis gas. Moreover, the selective catalytic removal of nitrogen oxides is also presented.
    Keywords: Al2O3 ; CO2 reforming ; La2O3 ; CH4 ; ZrO2 ; perovskites ; strontium ; cerium ; hydrogen ; sintering ; carbon deposition ; BiF3 nanostructure ; POP composite ; photocatalyst ; Rz ink ; CO2 ; stability ; H-ZSM-5 ; greenhouse gas reduction ; CeO2 ; MgO ; dry reforming ; heterogeneous catalysis ; in situ XRD ; carbon dioxide (CO2) ; carbon monoxide (CO) ; CO2 feedstock ; methanation ; catalyst ; catalysis ; photocatalysis ; Power-to-Gas ; catalyst design ; heterogenous catalysts database ; ceramic foams ; ZnO nanorods ; TiO2 nanorods ; NOx mitigation (deNOx) ; environmental nanocatalysis ; selective catalytic reduction SCR ; W and V catalytic sites ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book mainly deals with recent advances in biomedical sensing and imaging. More recently, wearable/smart biosensors and devices, which facilitate diagnostics in a non-clinical setting, have become a hot topic. Combined with machine learning and artificial intelligence, they could revolutionize the biomedical diagnostic field. The aim of this book is to provide a research forum in biomedical sensing and imaging and extend the scientific frontier of this very important and significant biomedical endeavor.
    Keywords: finite element method ; thin shell model ; β dispersion ; Maxwell–Wagner effect ; bio-impedance spectroscopy ; multisensory ; electromyography ; pattern recognition ; rehabilitation ; blood coagulation ; image sensing ; image classification ; electrical impedance tomography ; frequency difference ; time difference ; lung imaging ; electromagnetic detection and biosensors ; electromagnetic biological theory ; biomedical application ; frequency ; machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Describes a framework to guide assessments of the availability of data regarding U.S. anti- and counterterrorism systems, countermeasures, and defenses for planning attacks on the U.S. air, rail, and sea transportation infrastructure. Overall, the framework is useful for assessing what kind of information would be easy or hard for potential attackers to find.
    Keywords: Technology ; Transportation Studies ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WG Transport: general interest
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Mobile robotics is a challenging field with great potential. It covers disciplines including electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science, cognitive science, and social science. It is essential to the design of automated robots, in combination with artificial intelligence, vision, and sensor technologies. Mobile robots are widely used for surveillance, guidance, transportation and entertainment tasks, as well as medical applications. This Special Issue intends to concentrate on recent developments concerning mobile robots and the research surrounding them to enhance studies on the fundamental problems observed in the robots. Various multidisciplinary approaches and integrative contributions including navigation, learning and adaptation, networked system, biologically inspired robots and cognitive methods are welcome contributions to this Special Issue, both from a research and an application perspective.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; similarity measure ; swarm-robotics ; drag-based system ; PID algorithm ; human–robot interaction ; behaviour dynamics ; state constraints ; fair optimisation ; micro mobile robot ; robot ; actuators ; high-gain observer ; turning model LIP ; space robot ; manipulation action sequences ; subgoal graphs ; remotely operated vehicle ; constrained motion ; joint limit avoidance ; curvilinear obstacle ; rehabilitation system ; stability criterion ; system design ; quad-tilt rotor ; iterative learning ; spiral curve ; cable detection ; SEA ; douglas–peuker polygonal approximation ; predictable trajectory planning ; ATEX ; obstacle avoidance system ; kinematic singularity ; collision avoidance ; biologically-inspired ; jumping robot ; differential wheeled robot ; design and modeling ; control efficacy ; robotics ; extremum-seeking ; object-oriented ; non-holonomic mobile robot ; magneto-rheological fluids ; rendezvous consensus ; altitude controller ; master-slave ; switching control ; deep reinforcement learning ; mechanism ; expansion logic strategy ; negative buoyancy ; action generation ; radial basis function neural networks ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; extend procedure ; glass façade cleaning robot ; convolutional neural network ; climbing robot ; micro air vehicle ; car-like kinematics ; variable speed ; machine learning ; dynamical model ; transportation ; geodesic ; unmanned surface vessel ; medical devices ; stopper ; extended state observer (ESO) ; high efficiency ; object mapping ; multi-objective optimization ; hybrid robot ; robot learning ; auto-tuning ; cable disturbance modeling ; manipulation planning ; pesticide application ; high-speed target ; sparse pose adjustment (SPA) ; service robot ; lumped parameter method ; Geometric Algebra ; dynamic coupling analysis ; Thau observer ; tri-tilt-rotor ; industrial robotic manipulator ; hardware-in-the-loop simulation ; robotic drilling ; muscle activities ; small size ; chameleon ; continuous hopping ; wall climbing robot ; hover mode ; 3D-SLAM ; curvature constraints ; PSO ; drilling end-effector ; Rodrigues parameters ; gait adaptation ; static environments ; position/force cooperative control ; snake-like robot ; shape-fitting ; powered exoskeleton ; input saturation ; kinematic identification ; methane ; human–machine interactive navigation ; q-learning ; path following ; hopping robot ; mobile manipulation ; high step-up ratio ; actuatorless ; monocular vision ; stability analysis ; compact driving unit ; snake robot ; non-holonomic robot ; curvature constraint ; phase-shifting ; dialytic elimination ; gesture recognition ; snake robots ; series elastic actuator ; flapping ; servo valve ; motion camouflage control ; biomimetic robot ; minimally invasive surgery robot ; centralized architecture ; trajectory planning ; computing time ; adaptive control law ; kinematics ; facial and gender recognition ; single actuator ; victim-detection ; shape memory alloys ; undiscovered sensor values ; discomfort ; Differential Evolution ; numerical evaluation ; quadruped robot ; coverage path planning ; localization ; MPC ; n/a ; fault diagnosis ; neural networks ; disturbance-rejection control ; sample gathering problem ; cart ; bio-inspired robot ; opposite angle-based exact cell decomposition ; optimization ; safety ; goal exchange ; hierarchical planning ; ocean current ; robot motion ; nonlinear differentiator ; mapping ; finite-time currents observer ; Newton iteration ; inverse kinematics ; deposition uniformity ; spatial pyramid pooling ; hierarchical path planning ; end effector ; head-raising ; fault recovery ; LOS ; path tracking ; non-inertial reference frame ; step climbing ; obstacle avoidance ; sliding mode control ; symmetrical adaptive variable impedance ; lane change ; quadcopter UAV ; singularity analysis ; biped mechanism ; fault-tolerant control ; dynamic neural networks ; mobile robots ; data association ; UAV ; enemy avoidance ; reinforcement learning ; grip optimization ; safety recovery mechanism ; exoskeleton ; dynamic environment ; uncertain environments ; hybrid bionic robot ; potential field ; robot navigation ; cleaning robot ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; non-singular fast-terminal sliding-mode control ; contact planning ; Lyapunov-like function ; piezoelectric actuator ; transition mode ; non-prehensile manipulation ; multiple mobile robots ; Tetris-inspired ; real-time action recognition ; integral line-of-sight ; topological map ; alpine ski ; target tracking ; closed-loop detection ; working efficiency ; mathematical modeling ; curve fitting ; force control ; biped robots ; NSGA-II ; mobile robot ; load carriage ; prescription map translation ; artificial fish swarm algorithm ; Q-networks ; self-reconfigurable robot ; G3-continuity ; autonomous vehicle ; loop closure detection ; excellent driver model ; robots ; graph representation ; regional growth ; target assignment ; evolutionary operators ; intelligent mobile robot ; motion sensor ; exploration ; droplets penetrability ; dynamic uncertainty ; simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) ; area decomposition ; multi-criteria decision making ; 4WS4WD vehicle ; biped climbing robots ; skiing robot ; ROS ; decision making ; smart materials ; centrifugal force ; missile control system ; formation of robots ; electro-rheological fluids ; pneumatics ; variable spray ; inertial measurement unit (IMU) ; Robot Operating System ; trajectory interpolation ; formation control ; immersion and invariance ; dragonfly ; parallel navigation ; harmonic potential field ; pallet transportation ; mobile robot navigation ; negative-buoyancy ; grip planning ; manipulator ; position control ; external disturbance ; legged robot ; passive skiing turn ; autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) ; gait cycle ; path planning ; sliding mode observer ; dynamic gait ; self-learning ; polyomino tiling theory ; coalmine ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The ongoing deployment of 5G networks is a key enabler for realizing upcoming services at scale, including the massive deployment of the Internet of Things, providing communications to support autonomous vehicles, and supporting the realization of smart cities. However, as the limitations of existing approaches become apparent, the need for next-generation technologies is growing, in terms of improving spectral efficiency, increasing network data rates and densification, supporting local/wide area wireless coordination, and more. In this Special Issue, we present some technologies to meet these demanding requirements and facilitate coordinating wireless networks to support future Beyond 5G networks.
    Keywords: 5G fiber optic networks ; data-driven service assurance ; next generation networks ; predictive analytics ; live-video delivery ; 5G networks ; virtualized content delivery networks ; network function virtualization ; service function chain deployment ; deep reinforcement learning ; MAC classification ; vehicular networks ; VANETs ; distributed MAC ; centralized MAC ; multi-channel MAC ; single-channel MAC ; spectrum allocation ; private 5G ; mmWave RAN ; modulation and coding schemes ; spectral efficiency ; self-organization ; self-optimization ; self-healing ; SON applications and architecture ; SON design and dimensioning ; machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) for SON ; massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC) ; IoT ; URLLC ; backhauling ; SON for 3G/4G ; 5G and B5G networks ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book covers the latest development of bioprocess technology including theoretical, numerical, and experimental approaches in biotechnology as well as green technology that bridge conventional practices and Industry 4.0. Bioprocessing is one of the key factors in several emerging industries of biofuels, used in the production of biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel; industrial enzymes; waste management through biotechnology; new vaccines; and many more. It is hoped that the novel bioprocess and green biotechnologies presented in this book are useful in assisting the global community in working towards fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the United Nations.
    Keywords: extraction ; leaf ; liquid biphasic flotation ; polygonum ; protein ; date fruits ; proximate analysis ; physico-chemical characteristics ; date sugar ; phytoconstituents ; amino acids ; biomaterials ; Ficus carica ; diabetes mellitus ; proteomics ; sperm quality ; bioeconomy ; bioprocesses ; applications ; policy ; social welfare ; sustainability ; nanofiltration ; lipase ; Fusarium heterosporum ; fatty acid methyl ester ; electronics package ; induction heating ; magnetic field ; electric field ; TM110 single-mode cavity ; solder ; eddy current ; GABA ; fermented food ; functional food ; non-protein amino acid ; soy sauce fermentation ; lignocellulosic biomass ; holocellulose ; CMC ; degree of substitution ; excipient ; non-edible ; oil ; biodiesel production ; fuel ; Lactobacillus isolation ; lag phase ; bacteria sequencing ; breast milk ; chitosan ; co-loaded nanoparticles ; hydrophobic modification ; l-ascorbic acid ; thymoquinone ; sustainable supply chain management (SSSCM) ; social sustainability ; qualitative research ; Pakistan ; biohydrogen production ; immobilised cells ; entrapment ; alginate ; activated carbon ; carbon dioxide ; culture media ; microorganism ; optimization ; plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ; oil palm seedlings nursery ; biofertilizers ; chemical fertilizer ; n/a ; sago hampas ; amylase ; cellulase ; substrate feeding ; saccharification ; biomass ; waste cooking oil ; green fuel ; biodiesel ; heterogeneous catalyst ; deoxygenation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Food waste is becoming an important and growing concern at both local and global levels. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), one-third of all food production is wasted globally, and in particular, 1.3 billion tons of food produced for human consumption is wasted per year, representing an economic loss of EUR 800 billion. The main foods wasted are represented by vegetables, fruits, meat, and fish. Considering the high availability and the composition of food waste, there is an increasing interest in their bio-valorization. Moreover, according to the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 12 and 13), an appropriate waste management represents an essential prerequisite for the sustainable development.This reprint collects interesting manuscripts regarding innovative research focused on food waste valorization through fermentation processes for obtaining value-added products such as enzymes, feed additives, biofuels, animal feeds as well as other useful chemicals or products, food-grade pigments, and single-cell protein (SCP), enhancing food security and environmentally sustainable development.
    Keywords: industrial food waste ; valorization ; biorefinery ; bioenergy ; biobased materials ; promotion policy ; rice husk ; pyrolysis ; porous biochar ; pore property ; surface composition ; microbial red pigment ; Monascus purpureus ; simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation ; sustainability ; whey ; RSM ; bioethanol ; yeast fermentation ; sugar beet molasses ; industrial by-product ; scale-up ; agricultural waste ; wastewater ; microbial fuel cell ; techno-economic ; commercialization ; life cycle assessment ; Neurospora intermedia ; bread ; process development ; cheese whey ; Aspergillus awamori ; β-galactosidase ; lactose hydrolysis ; Acetobacter xylinum ; bacterial cellulose ; biosurfactant ; bioemulsifier ; waste frying oil ; Bacillus cereus ; food additives ; cookie ; microalgae ; DHA ; lignocellulosic biomass ; organosolv fractionation ; liquid fraction ; solid pulp ; omega-3 fatty acids ; soap ; olives ; olive oil ; fermentation ; food waste ; fish waste ; citrus peel ; aquafeed ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Lactobacillus reuteri ; whey product ; proteins ; ultrafiltration ; nanofiltration ; keratinocytes scratch assay ; mozzarella cheese manufacturing ; pressing residue ; grape ; apple ; silage ; animal production ; enzyme production ; polyphenols ; Juglans regia L. ; walnut green husk ; agricultural wastes ; soil conditions ; glucans ; pectins ; Aspergillus oryzae ; rice hull ; paper mill wastewater ; bioremediation ; amylase ; solid-state fermentation (SSF) ; goat feeding ; durian peel ; silage additives ; propionate ; methane mitigation ; nitrogen balance ; waste management ; biofuel production ; circular economy ; single cell protein ; value-added product ; food and feed production ; yeast ; probiotics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book, consisting of 21 articles, including three review papers, written by research groups of experts in the field, considers recent research on reinforced polymer composites. Most of them relate to the fiber-reinforced polymer composites, which are a real hot topic in the field. Depending on the reinforcing fiber nature, such composites are divided into synthetic and natural fiber-reinforced ones. Synthetic fibers, such as carbon, glass, or basalt, provide more stiffness, while natural fibers, such as jute, flax, bamboo, kenaf, and others, are inexpensive and biodegradable, making them environmentally friendly. To acquire the benefits of design flexibility and recycling possibilities, natural reinforcers can be hybridized with small amounts of synthetic fibers to make them more desirable for technical applications. Elaborated composites have great potential as structural materials in automotive, marine and aerospace application, as fire resistant concrete, in bridge systems, as mechanical gear pair, as biomedical materials for dentistry and orthopedic application and tissue engineering, as well as functional materials such as proton-exchange membranes, biodegradable superabsorbent resins and polymer electrolytes.
    Keywords: glass fibers ; surface modification ; polyethersulfone ; impregnation ; composite materials ; mechanical properties ; damping properties ; stability ; 3D printing ; composites ; DLP ; lignocellulose ; nanoindentation ; fiber-reinforced polymer ; natural fibers ; synthetic fibers ; PET fiber ; PP ; compatibility ; modification ; co-injection molding ; fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) ; fiber orientation distribution (FOD) ; micro-computerized tomography (μ-CT) scan technology ; bearing ; salt fog aging ; glass-flax hybrid coposites ; pinned joints ; failure modes ; polymer-matrix composites ; carbon fibers ; polysulfone ; rubber ; short jute fibers ; surface treatments ; scanning electron microscopy ; PVA ; CMC ; Na2CO3 ; film ; hydrogel mechanical properties ; nanocomposites ; double-network hydrogels ; polymer–nanoparticle interactions ; bamboo-plastic composites (BPCs) ; waste bamboo fibers ; chemical composition ; physico-mechanical properties ; thermal decomposition kinetics ; PEEK composites ; reinforcements ; self-lubricating bush ; friction and wear ; pin joints ; flat slab ; two-way shear ; carbon fiber reinforced polymers ; glass fiber reinforced polymers ; natural rubber ; maleated natural rubber ; palm stearin ; halloysite nanotubes ; heat treatment ; surface modification of staple carbon fiber ; natural rubber latex ; reinforcement mechanism ; dopamine ; rubber composite ; bifunctionally composite ; sulfonic acid based proton exchange membrane ; silica nanofiber ; mechanical stability ; high temperature fuel cell ; polyetherimide ; polycarbonate ; polyphenylene sulfone ; kenaf fibre ; glass fibre ; hybrid composites ; low velocity impact ; damage progression ; bamboo ; n/a ; poly (lactic acid) (PLA) ; wastes rubber ; recycling ; tensile properties ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Bioelectric sensors are unique diagnostic principles and technologies. Although they share many traits with electrochemical sensors, especially regarding the common features of instrumentation, they are focused on the measurement of the electric properties of biorecognition elements as a reflection of cellular, biological, and biomolecular functions in a rapid, very sensitive, and often non-invasive manner. Bioelectric sensors offer a plethora of options in terms both of assay targets (molecules, cells, organs, and organisms) and methodological approaches (e.g., potentiometry, impedance spectrometry, and patch-clamp electrophysiology). Irrespective of the method of choice, “bioelectric profiling” is being rapidly established as a superior concept for a number of applications, including in vitro toxicity, signal transduction, real-time medical diagnostics, environmental risk assessment, and drug development. This Special Issue is the first that is exclusively dedicated to the advanced and emerging concepts and technologies of bioelectric sensors. Topics include, but are not restricted to, bioelectric sensors for single cell analysis, electrophysiological olfactory and volatile organic compounds sensors, impedimetric biosensors, microbial fuel cell biosensors, and implantable autonomous bioelectric micro- and nano-sensors.
    Keywords: organic optoelectronic device ; pulse meter ; biosensor ; Bluetooth low energy (BLE) ; photoplethysmogram (PPG) ; chronic wounds ; electrical stimulation ; direct microcurrent ; non-invasive ; pressure ulcer ; wireless technology ; biochips ; impedance spectroscopy ; electrical equivalent circuit ; biomaterial ; Lysinibacillus sphaericus JG-A12 ; anticancer therapeutic strategies ; apoptosis ; bioelectric ; 5-fluorouracil ; HeLa cell line ; superoxide ; cell immobilization ; 3D-printed well ; bioelectric profiling ; impedance analysis ; real-time measurements ; electrochemical biosensors ; SWCNT ; point-of-care diagnostics ; label-free biosensors ; ELISA ; carbon nanotubes ; bovine serum albumin ; pacemaker ; threat modeling ; internet of things (IoT) medical devices ; vulnerabilities ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Open data and policy implications coming from data-aware planning entail collection and pre- and postprocessing as operations of primary interest. Before these steps, making data available to people and their decision-makers is a crucial point. Referring to the relationship between data and energy, public administrations, governments, and research bodies are promoting the construction of reliable and robust datasets to pursue policies coherent with the Sustainable Development Goals, as well as to allow citizens to make informed choices. Energy engineers and planners must provide the simplest and most robust tools to collect, process, and analyze data in order to offer solid data-based evidence for future projections in building, district, and regional systems planning. This Special Issue aims at providing the state-of-the-art on open-energy data analytics; its availability in the different contexts, i.e., country peculiarities; and its availability at different scales, i.e., building, district, and regional for data-aware planning and policy-making. For all the aforementioned reasons, we encourage researchers to share their original works on the field of open data and energy analytics. Topics of primary interest include but are not limited to the following: 1. Open data and energy sustainability; 2. Open data science and energy planning; 3. Open science and open governance for sustainable development goals; 4. Key performance indicators of data-aware energy modelling, planning, and policy; 5. Energy, water, and sustainability database for building, district, and regional systems; 6. Best practices and case studies.
    Keywords: data envelopment analysis ; Kohonen self-organizing maps ; factor analysis ; multiple regression ; energy efficiency ; social media ; energy-consuming activities ; energy consumption ; machine learning ; ontology ; energy performance certificate ; heating energy demand ; buildings ; data mining ; classification ; regression ; decision tree ; support vector machine ; random forest ; artificial neural network ; open data ; electrification modelling ; Malawi ; OnSSET ; MESSAGEix ; reproducibility ; collaborative work ; open modelling and data ; data-handling ; integrated assessment modelling ; data pre- and post-processing ; space heating ; domestic hot water ; market assessment ; EU28 ; district heating ; data analytics ; big data ; forecasting ; energy ; polygeneration ; clustering ; kNN ; pattern recognition ; heating ; building stock ; heat map ; spatial analysis ; heat density map ; building performance simulation ; parametric modelling ; energy management ; model calibration ; Passive House ; energy planning ; energy potential mapping ; urban energy atlas ; urban energy transition ; energy data ; data-aware planning ; spatial planning ; open data analytics ; smart cities ; open energy governance ; urban database ; energy mapping ; building dataset ; energy modelling ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Some terms, such as eco-friendly, circular economy and green technologies, have remained in our vocabulary, because the truth is that mankind is altering the planet to put its own subsistence at risk. Besides, for rationalization in the consumption of raw materials and energy, the recycling of waste through efficient and sustainable processes forms the backbone of the paradigm of a sustainable industry. One of the most relevant technologies for the new productive model is anaerobic digestion. Historically, anaerobic digestion has been developed in the field of urban wastes and wastewater treatments, but in the new challenge, its role is more relevant. Anaerobic digestion is a technologically mature biological treatment, which joins bioenergy production with the efficient removal of contaminants. This issue provides a specialized, but broad in scope, overview of the possibilities of the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass (mainly forestry and agricultural wastes), which is expected to be a more promising substrate for the development of biorefineries. Its conversion to bioenergy through anaerobic digestion must solve some troubles: the complex lignocellulosic structure needs to be deconstructed by pretreatments and a co-substrate may need to be added to improve the biological process. Ten selected works advance this proposal into the future.
    Keywords: exhausted sugar beet pulp ; pig manure ; anaerobic co-digestion ; thermophilic ; lignocellulosic waste ; anaerobic digestion ; biogas ; optimization ; operating parameters ; review ; particle-rich substrate ; suspended solids disintegration ; disintegration kinetics ; cellulase ; lignocellulosic biomass ; pretreatment methods ; limitations ; hydro-thermal pretreatment ; biofuels ; feedstock and degradation pathway ; AD systems ; pretreatment technologies ; process stability ; codigestion ; rice straw ; nutrients ; recycling ; digestate ; methane ; corn residue ; organosolv pretreatment ; sugar beet by-products ; manure ; semi-continuous feeding mode ; methane improvement ; non-classical parameters ; sorghum mutant ; biomass ; soluble sugars ; dilute acid pretreatment ; one-pot process ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: This Special Issue includes 14 contributions, with 2 review contributions and 12 research contributions. The review contributions provide a survey with an overview of the state of the art in detecting and projecting cyber-attack scenarios, and the review of a specific application area, the safety of autonomous haulage systems in the mining environment related to both cybersecurity and communication. 10 research contributions are addressing the area of advanced services for intrusion detection systems: (a) the use of different machine learning models depending on the specific scenarios and datasets; (b) the use of deep learning techniques for the detection of zero-day attacks; (c) a proposal of an integrated scalable framework aimed at efficiently detecting anomalous events on large amounts of unlabeled data logs; (d) a spatiotemporal characterization of cyber-attacks for detecting such attacks; (e) a two-stage intrusion detection system for industrial control networks; (f) a chatbot for detecting online sex offenders, based on an artificial conversational entity (ACE); and (g) an open-source platform for manipulating both streaming and archived network flow data in real time. This Special Issue also contains two protection-related research contributions, including: (a) a countermeasure for on–off web defacement attacks and (b) the evaluation of multi-path routing as a protection feature against network attacks and failures.
    Keywords: cybersecurity ; machine learning ; intrusion detection ; cybersecurity awareness&nbsp ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNT Media, entertainment, information and communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Energy is an important material basis that can promote the development of human society. Despite the increasing use of renewable energy, the overall energy supply is dominated by fossil fuels. For a long period of time, the main consumption proportion of fossil energy will not change. With the perspective of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, natural gas, shale oil, shale gas, and combustible ice, energy exploration, reservoir reconstruction, and intelligent applications in energy exploitation and energy occurrence geology are currently explored from the perspectives of exploration and exploitation technology. This reprint summarizes the intelligent unmanned mining and its development trends and conducts various research studies, including the stratigraphic correlation of sandy conglomerate in the Yellow River Delta Sag of the Bohai Bay basin, the growth and distribution of coal-measured hydrocarbon source rocks in a mixed platform, the physical and mechanical properties of sandstone, mudstone and granite in the geological environment of deep energy reservoirs, the formation mechanism of energy reservoirs and gas reservoirs, the two-phase flow experiment and numerical simulation in energy mining, the evolution law of cracks in the surrounding rock and the reinforcement principle of gradient support, and the comparison of particle pickup by axial flow and swirling flow in horizontal pneumatic conveying.
    Keywords: intelligent mine ; smart mining ; intelligent working face ; intelligent control ; adaptive ; robotic technology ; seismic rock physics ; sandstone and mudstone ; P-wave and S-wave velocity ; pressure ; temperature ; sandy conglomerate ; Huanghekou Sag ; stratigraphic correlation ; calcite U-Pb dating ; detrital zircon ; pressure-controlled pyrolysis ; oil–water separation ; centrifugal force ; two-phase vapor separation ; cyclone separation ; Tarim Basin ; mixed platform ; delta ; coal-measure distribution ; coal-measure logging response ; axial flow ; swirling flow ; pickup behavior ; coefficient of variation ; tight sandstone gas reservoir ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; fracture ; water blocking ; n/a ; rock mechanical properties ; MMTS ; geothermal development ; geothermal reservoir ; different depth of occurrence ; gas storage ; injection production simulation ; effective permeability ; seepage law ; two-dimensional simulation experiment ; fracture evolution law ; fractured seepage zone ; gradient failure support ; hierarchical control mechanism ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Robotics and control are both research and application domains that have been frequently engineered through the use of interdisciplinary approaches like cybernetics. Cognition is a particular concept of this approach, abstracted from the context of living organisms to that of artificial devices, and is concerned with knowledge acquisition and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses. Cognitive robotics and control refer to knowledge processing as much as knowledge generation from problem understanding, leading to special forms of architectures that enable systems to behave in an autonomous way. The main aim of this book is to highlight emerging applications and address recent breakthroughs in the domain of cognitive robotics and control and related areas. Procedures, algorithms, architectures, and implementations for reasoning, problem solving, or decision making are considered in the domain of robotics and control.
    Keywords: initial trajectory ; trajectory optimization ; Bézier surface ; robotics ; open FPGAs ; robot control ; surgical robotics ; human–machine interaction ; autonomous guidance ; low-cost platform ; FPGA ; S-curve ; motion control ; SoC ; telemanipulation ; haptics ; machine learning ; gesture recognition ; upper limb rehabilitation robot ; particle swam optimization (PSO) ; artificial bee colony (ABC) ; Ziegler Nichols ; Maximum sensitivity ; ontology ; robot task planning ; knowledge base ; knowledge representation ; industrial collaborative robots ; shared robotic tasks ; physical human–robot interaction ; human intention recognition ; time series classification ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Personalised medicine is the next step in healthcare, especially when applied to genetically diverse diseases such as cancers. Naturally, a host of methods need to evolve alongside this, in order to allow the practice and implementation of individual treatment regimens. One of the major tasks for the development of personalised treatment of cancer is the identification and validation of a comprehensive, robust, and reliable panel of biomarkers that guide the clinicians to provide the best treatment to patients. This is indeed important with regards to radiotherapy; not only do biomarkers allow for the assessment of treatability, tumour response, and the radiosensitivity of healthy tissue of the treated patient. Furthermore, biomarkers should allow for the evaluation of the risks of developing adverse late effects as a result of radiotherapy such as second cancers and non-cancer effects, for example cardiovascular injury and cataract formation. Knowledge of all of these factors would allow for the development of a tailored radiation therapy regime. This Special Issue of the Journal of Personalised Medicine covers the topic of Radiation Response Biomarkers in the context of individualised cancer treatments, and offers an insight into some of the further evolution of radiation response biomarkers, their usefulness in guiding clinicians, and their application in radiation therapy.
    Keywords: carbon-ion radiotherapy ; head-and-neck tumors ; squamous cell carcinoma ; radiosensitivity ; relative biological effectiveness ; lung cancer ; radiotherapy ; radiotherapy monitoring ; radiation-induced lung injury ; RILI ; pneumonitis ; radiation-induced lung fibrosis ; RILF ; circulating biomarkers ; microRNA ; micronuclei ; uterine cervical cancer ; cGAS ; STING ; abscopal effect ; immunotherapy ; PBMCS ; micronucleus assay ; biological dosimetry ; human blood ; genotoxicity tests ; ionizing radiation ; biomarkers ; dicentric assay ; gamma H2AX foci assay ; health surveillance analyses ; clonogenic assays ; methods ; plating ; cancer ; radiation ; head and neck cancer ; exosomes ; serum ; metabolomics ; GC/MS ; biodosimetry ; chromosome aberrations ; normal tissue toxicity ; predictive tests ; normal tissue ; biomarker ; protein ; immune infiltrate ; stroma ; tumour microenvironment ; proteomics ; telomeres ; chromosomal instability ; inversions ; prostate cancer ; IMRT ; machine learning ; individual radiosensitivity ; late effects ; personalized medicine ; liquid biopsy ; circulating tumour cells ; extracellular vesicles ; microRNAs ; immune system ; inflammation ; n/a
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent years, the implementation of sustainable concrete systems has been a topic of great interest in the field of construction engineering worldwide, as a result of the large and rapid increase in carbon emissions and environmental problems resulting from traditional concrete production and industry. For example, the uses of supplementary cementitious materials, geopolymer binder, recycled aggregate and industrial/agricultural wastes in concrete are all approaches to building a sustainable concrete system. However, such materials have inherent flaws due to their variety of sources, and exhibit very different properties compared with traditional concrete. Therefore, they require specific modifications in preprocessing, design, and evaluation before use in concrete. This reprint, entitled “Advances in Sustainable Concrete System”, covers a broad range of advanced concrete research in environmentally friendly concretes, cost-effective admixtures, and waste recycling, specifically including the design methods, mechanical properties, durability, microstructure, various models, hydration mechanisms, and practical applications of solid wastes in concrete systems.
    Keywords: high-strength concrete ; energy evolution ; elastic strain energy ; brittleness evaluation index ; concrete ; humidity ; moisture absorption ; moisture desorption ; numerical simulation ; acoustic emission ; AE rate process theory ; corrosion rate ; damage evolution ; axial load ; precast concrete structure ; lattice girder semi-precast slabs ; bending resistance ; FE modelling ; concrete damage ; GSP ; high strength ; hydration ; strength ; penetrability ; rice husk ash ; sustainable concrete ; artificial neural networks ; multiple linear regression ; eco-friendly concrete ; green concrete ; sustainable development ; artificial intelligence ; data science ; machine learning ; bagasse ash ; mechanical properties ; natural coarse aggregate ; recycled coarse aggregate ; two-stage concrete ; materials design ; recycled concrete ; crumb rubber concrete ; crumb rubber ; NaOH treatment ; lime treatment ; water treatment ; detergent treatment ; compressive strength ; materials ; adhesively-bonded joint ; temperature aging ; residual strength ; mechanical behavior ; failure criterion ; steel slag powder ; compound activator ; mortar strength ; orthogonal experiment ; GM (0, N) model ; ultrafine metakaolin ; silica fume ; durability ; fiber-reinforced concrete ; damage mechanism ; uniaxial tension ; cracked concrete ; crack width ; crack depth ; tortuosity ; sustainability ; concrete composites ; sulfate and acid attacks ; WPFT fibers ; coal gangue ; gradation ; cement content ; unconfined compressive strength ; freeze–thaw cycle ; minimum energy dissipation principle ; three-shear energy yield criterion ; damage variable ; constitutive model ; phosphorus slag ; limestone ; sulphate-corrosion resistance ; volume deformation ; blast furnace ferronickel slag ; alkali-activated material ; dosage of activator ; reactive powder concrete ; beam-column joint ; FE modeling ; crack ; cementitious gravel ; fly ash ; age ; optimal dosage ; bamboo ; sawdust ; pretreatment ; bio-based material ; mechanical property ; self-compacting concrete ; supplementary cementitious materials ; hydration mechanisms ; microstructure ; fresh properties ; synthetic polymer ; high temperature ; bentonite-free drilling fluid ; rheology ; filtration ; FRP reinforced concrete slab ; punching shear strength ; SHAP ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is a collection of recent publications from researchers all over the globe in the broad area of high-voltage engineering. The presented research papers cover both experimental and simulation studies, with a focus on topics related to insulation monitoring using state-of-the-art sensors and advanced machine learning algorithms. Special attention was given in the Special Issue to partial discharge monitoring as one of the most important techniques in insulation condition assessment. Moreover, this Special Issue contains several articles which focus on different modeling techniques that help researchers to better evaluate the condition of insulation systems. Different power system assets are addressed in this book, including transformers, outdoor insulators, underground cables, and gas-insulated substations.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; artificial neural network ; simulation ; high-frequency ; artificial flashover tests ; wide bandgap power modules ; tracking ; electrical field strength ; fast-rise square wave voltages ; FDTD simulation ; cable joint ; corona discharge ; feature selection ; post insulator ; earthing systems ; wind speed ; surface discharge ; oil/paper insulation ; oil-paper insulation ; high-magnitude currents and impulse polarity ; UFVM ; Tettex 9520 ; electrical tree ; flashover characteristics ; composite insulator ; partial discharge ; numerical modeling ; saline mechanism ; thermal parameters ; space charge density ; seasonal ; ion flow field ; denoising ; DDX 9121b ; temperature ; transformer asset management ; cavity discharge ; space/interface charge ; insulation health index ; heat transfer model ; leakage current ; machine learning ; partial discharges (PD) ; RF signal ; flashover ; high impulse conditions ; grounding electrodes ; generalized finite difference time domain ; curve fitting ; grounding ; plasma discharge ; outdoor insulators ; flashover dynamic model ; wavelet transform ; degradation ; thermal properties ; bipolar charge transport model ; UHF sensor ; cable ; random walk theory ; tracking test setup ; GIL ; pressure ; modelling ; non-uniform pollution between windward and leeward sides ; calibrator ; secondary arc ; polymeric insulation ; optical-UHF integrated detection ; shoreline ; dry band arcing ; photoelectric fusion pattern ; DDX 8003 ; XLPE ; silicone gel ; partial discharge modeling ; electric field analysis ; NSCT ; electrode’s geometry ; gas ; Comsol Multiphysics ; fast-impulses ; laying modes ; ageing ; cable ampacity ; residual resistance formulation ; finite element analysis ; thermal effect ; hydrophobicity ; soil resistivity ; charge simulation method ; short-circuit discharge ; dry band formation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book includes impactful chapters which present scientific concepts, frameworks, architectures and ideas on sensing technologies and machine learning techniques. These are relevant in tackling the following challenges: (i) the field readiness and use of intrusive sensor systems and devices for capturing biosignals, including EEG sensor systems, ECG sensor systems and electrodermal activity sensor systems; (ii) the quality assessment and management of sensor data; (iii) data preprocessing, noise filtering and calibration concepts for biosignals; (iv) the field readiness and use of nonintrusive sensor technologies, including visual sensors, acoustic sensors, vibration sensors and piezoelectric sensors; (v) emotion recognition using mobile phones and smartwatches; (vi) body area sensor networks for emotion and stress studies; (vii) the use of experimental datasets in emotion recognition, including dataset generation principles and concepts, quality insurance and emotion elicitation material and concepts; (viii) machine learning techniques for robust emotion recognition, including graphical models, neural network methods, deep learning methods, statistical learning and multivariate empirical mode decomposition; (ix) subject-independent emotion and stress recognition concepts and systems, including facial expression-based systems, speech-based systems, EEG-based systems, ECG-based systems, electrodermal activity-based systems, multimodal recognition systems and sensor fusion concepts and (x) emotion and stress estimation and forecasting from a nonlinear dynamical system perspective.
    Keywords: subject-dependent emotion recognition ; subject-independent emotion recognition ; electrodermal activity (EDA) ; deep learning ; convolutional neural networks ; automatic facial emotion recognition ; intensity of emotion recognition ; behavioral biometrical systems ; machine learning ; artificial intelligence ; driving stress ; electrodermal activity ; road traffic ; road types ; Viola-Jones ; facial emotion recognition ; facial expression recognition ; facial detection ; facial landmarks ; infrared thermal imaging ; homography matrix ; socially assistive robot ; EEG ; arousal detection ; valence detection ; data transformation ; normalization ; mental stress detection ; electrocardiogram ; respiration ; in-ear EEG ; emotion classification ; emotion monitoring ; elderly caring ; outpatient caring ; stress detection ; deep neural network ; convolutional neural network ; wearable sensors ; psychophysiology ; sensor data analysis ; time series analysis ; signal analysis ; similarity measures ; correlation statistics ; quantitative analysis ; benchmarking ; boredom ; emotion ; GSR ; classification ; sensor ; face landmark detection ; fully convolutional DenseNets ; skip-connections ; dilated convolutions ; emotion recognition ; physiological sensing ; multimodal sensing ; flight simulation ; activity recognition ; physiological signals ; thoracic electrical bioimpedance ; smart band ; stress recognition ; physiological signal processing ; long short-term memory recurrent neural networks ; information fusion ; pain recognition ; long-term stress ; electroencephalography ; perceived stress scale ; expert evaluation ; affective corpus ; multimodal sensors ; overload ; underload ; interest ; frustration ; cognitive load ; stress research ; affective computing ; human-computer interaction ; deep convolutional neural network ; transfer learning ; auxiliary loss ; weighted loss ; class center ; stress sensing ; smart insoles ; smart shoes ; unobtrusive sensing ; stress ; center of pressure ; regression ; signal processing ; arousal ; aging adults ; musical genres ; emotion elicitation ; dataset ; emotion representation ; feature selection ; feature extraction ; computer science ; virtual reality ; head-mounted display ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Herein we describe some molecular aspects of the recent anti-COVID-19 research, including some approaches making use of natural remedies, especially from medicinal plants, in silico methods, and different experimental procedures that led to the discovery of novel targets of SARS-CoV-2 and consequently novel potential COVID-19 therapeutics. COVID-19 vaccines also find mention in this book with also a description of some adverse effects reported in some cases. Considering that the different beta coronaviruses present certain conserved biomolecular mechanisms and, thus, some common therapeutic targets, finding effective therapies for a specific member of their family (such as SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV) even in a scenario of a reduced impact at the time of the related disease on humankind is still relevant as it could offer or inspire efficacious therapeutic strategies not only in the context of novel pathogenic mutations of the already known beta coronaviruses, but also when future zoonoses caused by other beta coronaviruses will emergence, which is not unlikely to occur in the current world where the interactions between humans and wildlife are made more and more frequent due to the growing loss of intact ecosystems worldwide.
    Keywords: coronavirus infections ; pandemics ; natural compounds ; clove ; Syzygium aromaticum ; eugenol ; eugeniin ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; phytochemicals ; herbal medicine ; catechin ; polyphenol ; tea leaf extract ; theaflavin ; virucidal activity ; MERS-CoV ; S1-NTD ; pharmacophore modeling ; ADME ; quantum mechanical calculation ; DFT ; FMO ; MM/GBSA ; molecular docking ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; HOMO ; LUMO ; COVID-19 vaccine ; disseminated intravascular coagulation ; heparin induced thrombocytopenia ; platelet factor 4 ; thrombosis ; thrombotic thrombo-cytopenic purpura ; vaccine induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis ; disinfectants ; ethanol ; hand hygiene ; ozonated water ; slightly acidic electrolyzed water ; virucidal mechanism ; coronavirus ; renal disease ; nephrotoxicity ; reno-protective effect ; green tea ; epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) ; flavonoids ; natural products ; medicinal plant ; SARS-Cov-2 nsp10 ; structural similarity ; fingerprint ; ADMET ; toxicity ; main protease ; triazole ; docking ; MD simulation ; drug ; proteomic ; vaccine ; immunology ; biomarker ; cheminformatics ; phytocompounds ; systems pharmacology ; anti-COVID-19 ; drug repositioning ; molecular dynamic simulations ; binding free energy ; signal peptide ; RBD protein ; secretion ; mutant ; nucleocapsid or nucleoprotein ; structure-based drug discovery ; alphafold model and molecular dynamics ; neuroinflammation ; brain fog ; neuropeptides ; neurotransmission ; metabolism ; NSAIDs ; inflammation ; ketoprofen ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The reprint focuses on the latest research in cybersecurity and data science. Digital transformation turns data into the new oil, so the increasing availability of big data, structured and unstructured datasets, raises new challenges in cybersecurity, efficient data processing and knowledge extraction. The field of cybersecurity and data science fuels the data-driven economy. Innovations in this field require strong foundations in mathematics, statistics, machine learning and information security. The unprecedented increase in the availability of data in many fields of science and technology (e.g., genomic data, data from industrial environments, network traffic, streaming media, sensory data of smart cities, and social network data) ask for new methods and solutions for data processing, information extraction and decision support. This stimulates the development of new methods of data analysis, including those adapted to the analysis of new data structures and the growing volume of data. The papers included in this reprint discuss various topics ranging from cyberattacks, steganography, anomaly detection, evaluation of the attacker skills, modelling of the threats, and wireless security evaluation, as well as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning. Given this diversity of topics the book represents a valuable reference for researchers in cybersecurity security and data science.
    Keywords: steganography ; network security ; steganography detection ; steganalysis ; machine learning ; big data ; IoT ; pattern mining ; wireless communications ; covert channel ; dirty constellation ; wireless postmodulation steganography ; phase drift ; drift correction modulation ; undetectability ; security ; quadrature amplitude modulation ; spam ; phishing ; classification ; augmented dataset ; multi-language emails ; cybersecurity ; data protection ; SoC ; threat agents ; motivation ; opportunity ; capability ; user profiling ; implicit ; modeling ; real-time user monitoring ; complexity threat agent ; threat assessment ; network traffic analysis ; convolutional neural networks ; network traffic images ; visualization of traffic ; classifiers ; e-mail ; ham ; data science ; datasets ; cyber threats modeling ; multi-agent systems ; cyber deception ; pseudorandom sequences generators ; prime numbers ; additive Fibonacci generator ; statistical characteristics ; android device ; BrainShield ; hybrid model ; malware detection ; Omnidroid ; image processing ; BOSS database ; ensemble classifier ; deep learning ; stegomalware ; traffic analysis ; network probe ; hash function ; SHA-3 ; FPGA ; cognitive security ; cyberattacks ; game software ; threat matrix computing ; evaluation function ; data modeling ; authentication ; bit template ; information-processing electronic device ; Poisson pulse sequences generators ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The articles featured in this Special Issue cover different aspects of the design, testing, and application of various types of supplementary cementitious materials in concrete. The results of the research, conducted by over 50 international universities and scientific centers, prove the great interest in the SCM topic.
    Keywords: crystalline admixture ; chemical exposure ; sulphuric acid attack ; durability ; Xypex ; fly ash ; substitution strategy ; structural concrete ; steel reinforcement ; limit states ; RC beams in bending ; carbon footprint ; concrete ; carbonation modeling ; calcareous fly ash ; biomass ; wood ash ; fibrocement ; strength ; mortar ; clean coal combustion ; fluidized bed fly ash ; microstructure ; phase composition ; portlandite ; unburned carbon ; slag ; soil stabilization ; embankment ; cement ; lime ; high temperature ; damage ; permeability ; CEMI and CEMIII ; mechanical properties ; alkali-activated concrete ; geopolymer concrete ; flexure ; beams ; fiber-reinforced concrete ; crack spacing ; tension stiffening ; bamboo ash ; supplementary materials ; elevated temperature ; high volume fly ash (HVFA) ; steel reinforcing fiber ; jacketing ; environmental impact ; fibre reinforced ; alkali-activated ; strain hardening ; recycled cementitious supplementary material ; comprehensive concrete recycling ; recycled fine fraction ; rehydration reactivity ; compressive strength ; ground granulated blast furnace slag ; apparent activation energy ; equivalent age ; construction debris ; recycling ; circular economy ; eco-friendly concretes ; fly ash (FA) ; silica fume (SF) ; palm oil fuel ash (POFA) ; rice husk ash (RHA) ; sewage sludge ash (SSA) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) ; mine tailings ; marble dust ; construction and demolition debris (CDD) ; porous feldspar ; activation ; substitute material ; energy saving concrete ; calcined clay ; binder ; supplementary cementitious materials ; cement-based materials ; steatite ; wood particles ; Portland cement ; fire performance ; tensile strength ; micro-silica/silica fume ; steel fiber ; high performance concrete (HPC) ; self-consolidating concrete (SCC) ; flowability ; freeze-thaw cycle ; fire resistance ; bentonite ; clays ; cryogenic condition ; GGBS ; thermal conductivity ; semi-adiabatic test ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Physical processes are keys for the status of a lake. In this Special Issue, the emphasis is on dissolved oxygen and on exchange of gases, energy and momentum between atmosphere and further mixing and consumption within the water. The studies presented relate to ice-free as well as ice-covered lakes. Field measurements are combined with theoretical approaches.
    Keywords: hydrodynamic model ; bubble plume ; artificial mixing ; GLM ; Si3D ; dissolved gas ; Henry law ; total gas pressure ; ebullition ; greenhouse gases ; lacustrine waters ; diurnal variation ; hourly model ; water temperature ; dissolved oxygen ; shallow lakes ; and sediment heat flux ; water quality ; chlorophyll-a ; phosphorus ; phosphorus release ; full set of turbulent stresses ; Acoustic Doppler current profilers ; interbeam velocity correlations ; ice-covered lakes ; convectively-mixed layer ; anisotropic turbulence ; shallow lake ; ice-covered period ; ice phenology ; snow-ice cover thickness ; under-ice irradiance ; radiatively driven convection ; climate change ; 3D modelling ; stratification ; bubble plumes ; fractal ; lakes ; mixing ; multi-scale ; turbulence ; energy fluxes ; energy content ; reservoirs ; internal waves ; surface waves ; biogenic turbulence ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: The book provides a comprehensive overview of nanostructures and methods used to design biosensors, as well as applications for these biosensor nanotechnologies in the biological, chemical, and environmental monitoring fields. Biological sensing has proven to be an essential tool for understanding living systems, but it also has practical applications in medicine, drug discovery, food safety, environmental monitoring, defense, personal security, etc. In healthcare, advancements in telecommunications, expert systems, and distributed diagnostics are challenging current delivery models, while robust industrial sensors enable new approaches to research and development. Experts from around the world have written five articles on topics including:Diagnosing and treating intraocular cancers such as retinoblastoma; Nanomedicine in cancer management; Engineered nanomaterials in osteosarcoma diagnosis and treatment; Practical design of nanoscale devices; Detect alkaline phosphatase quantitatively in clinical diagnosis; Progress in the area of non-enzymatic sensing of dual/multi biomolecules; Developments in non-enzymatic glucose and H2O2 (NEGH) sensing; Multi-functionalized nanocarrier therapies for targeting retinoblastoma; Galactose functionalized nanocarriers; Sensing performance, electro-catalytic mechanism, and morphology and design of electrode materials; Biosensors along with their applications and the benefits of machine learning; Innovative approaches to improve the NEGH sensitivity, selectivity, and stability in real-time applications; Challenges and solutions in the field of biosensors.
    Keywords: advanced nanomaterials ; dual in-line sensing ; bi-functional properties ; non-enzymatic ; electrochemical sensing ; glucose and H2O2 ; nanotechnology ; bone diseases ; drug delivery ; nanocarriers ; osteosarcoma ; tumor-targeted ; retinoblastoma ; rare cancer ; surface-tailored multi-functionalized nanoparticles ; metallic nanoparticle ; tumor-suppressor gene mutation ; alkaline phosphatase ; terminal protection ; copper nanoparticle ; fluorescence ; biosensor ; electrochemical ; sensitivity ; amperometric ; voltammetric ; food quality monitoring ; machine learning ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 44
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint focuses on basic and applied research on fatigue and fracture processes in engineering of materials and composites. Special attention is given to understanding fracture processes from the point of view of micro and nano damage mechanisms related to material microstructure. Advanced experimental methods such as tomography, digital image correlation, high resolution electron microscopy and fractography are applied in combination with theoretical multiscale models based on finite element methods and fracture mechanics to reveal the fundamental causes of material failure.
    Keywords: cyclic indentation ; Vickers hardness ; inverse analysis ; numerical simulations ; cyclic material properties ; fatigue life ; advanced high-strength steels ; hydrogen embrittlement ; in-situ testing ; scanning electron microscopy ; plasma charging ; coarse-grained Ni-based superalloys ; crystal plasticity ; notch effect ; strain concentration factor ; hull fracture ; inspection manholes ; bulk carrier ; cracks ; corrosion fatigue ; steel quality ; cleavage fracture ; finite element analysis ; local approach ; Weibull stress ; synchrotron tomography ; short fatigue crack growth ; residual stress ; very high cycle fatigue ; silicon carbide ; ceramic matrix composites ; creep properties ; high-temperature strength ; molecular dynamics ; artificial neural network ; forged titanium alloy ; low-cycle fatigue ; cycle wave form ; durability ; crack meso-tunneling ; fractography ; crack growth duration ; ultrasonic fatigue ; frequency effect ; strain rate effect ; environmental effect ; size effect ; high cycle fatigue ; underload cycles ; crack closure ; threshold ; fatigue crack growth ; oxidation ; EA4T steel ; fracture ; gigacycle fatigue ; surface morphology ; kinetic equation ; laminated metallic composites ; toughening mechanisms ; interfaces ; fatigue crack propagation ; large chamber SEM ; ultra-high steel grades ; tensile characteristics ; fracture toughness ; temperature dependence ; modelling fracture ; ductile-to-brittle transition ; local approach to fracture ; ferritic steel ; synchrotron radiation X-ray imaging ; fatigue performance ; fatigue crack ; FGH96 alloy ; microstructure ; micro-indentation ; mechanical and fracture properties identification ; optimisation analysis ; 316L stainless steel ; selective laser melting ; fatigue damage ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 45
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Animal production (e.g., milk, meat, and eggs) provides valuable protein production for human beings and animals. However, animal production is facing several challenges worldwide such as environmental impacts and animal welfare/health concerns. In animal farming operations, accurate and efficient monitoring of animal information and behavior can help analyze the health and welfare status of animals and identify sick or abnormal individuals at an early stage to reduce economic losses and protect animal welfare. In recent years, there has been growing interest in animal welfare. At present, sensors, big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence are used to improve management efficiency, reduce production costs, and enhance animal welfare. Although these technologies still have challenges and limitations, the application and exploration of these technologies in animal farms will greatly promote the intelligent management of farms. Therefore, this Special Issue will collect original papers with novel contributions based on technologies such as sensors, big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence to study animal behavior monitoring and recognition, environmental monitoring, health evaluation, etc., to promote intelligent and accurate animal farm management.
    Keywords: pig weight ; body size ; estimation ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; pig identification ; mask scoring R-CNN ; soft-NMS ; group-housed pigs ; audio ; dairy cow ; mastication ; jaw movement ; forage management ; precision livestock management ; equine behavior ; wearable sensor ; intermodality interaction ; class-balanced focal loss ; absorbing Markov chain ; cow behavior analysis ; prediction of calving time ; cow identification ; EfficientDet ; YOLACT++ ; cascaded model ; instance segmentation ; generative adversarial network ; machine learning ; automated medical image processing ; deep neural network ; animal science ; CT scans ; computer vision ; cow ; extensive livestock ; sensorized wearable device ; monitoring ; parturition prediction ; radar sensors ; radar signal processing ; animal farming ; computational ethology ; signal classification ; wavelet analysis ; dairy welfare ; hierarchical clustering ; mutual information ; precision livestock farming ; time budgets ; unsupervised machine learning ; wearables design ; animal-centered design ; animal telemetry ; modularity ; smart collar ; design contributions ; additive manufacturing ; low-frequency tracking ; commercial aviary ; laying hens ; false registrations ; tree-based classifier ; animal behaviour ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: We invite you to read the Special Issue on innovation for sustainable business. It is a collection of 7 articles published in a Special Issue of Sustainability MDPI in 2021-2022. Many of the articles in this reprint are related to leadership. In the context of sustainable development, issues such as dynamic capabilities, CSR, succession management and innovative projects were addressed. Sustainable innovation is also considered from other perspectives. One of them is the topic of introducing sustainable innovations to new ventures. In addition, drivers and impacts of eco-innovation were also examined. There was also research in the area of ​​live commerce, which includes the perspective of consumer behavior.
    Keywords: dynamic capabilities ; eco-innovation ; leadership ; corporate social responsibility ; the attitude of future managers towards CSR ; ethical aspects of companies’ operations ; sustainability ; green technologies ; environmental innovation ; industry ; Brazil ; capability ; organization ; survival ; workforce ; live commerce ; hunger marketing ; perceived trust ; perceived value ; impulse buying behavior ; Sustainable Industry 4.0 ; innovative projects ; interdisciplinarity ; project team competencies ; sustainable innovation ; knowledge search ; organizational learning ; strategic flexibility ; new ventures ; QCA ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 47
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint focuses on the position of sustainability in engineering and points to the multidimensionality of the issue. Architecture, civil and engineering issues are main themes of discussion, with special attention to research and design. Attention is focused on four thematic groups: energy (including energy harvesting), economy (including building circularity), pro-health activities, and design.
    Keywords: CFD ; mechanical ventilation ; industrial buildings ; thermal comfort ; air quality ; natural environment ; construction sector ; steel ; sustainable development ; cradle-to-gate with options ; Life Cycle Assessment ; life cycle costs ; maintenance costs ; warranty period ; number of use cycles ; building circularity assessment ; material flow model ; building circularity material passport ; building circularity calculation method ; adaption ; landscape pattern ; local microclimate ; comprehensive analysis ; morphological parameters ; space syntax ; façade configuration ; visual perception ; built heritage ; Kaunas ; cultural sustainability ; PV system ; social acceptability ; system dynamics ; CO2 emissions ; feed-in-tariffs ; subsidy policy ; water management ; housing environment quality ; multi-family settlements ; Bio-Morpheme ; greenery ; automated design ; plant selector ; sustainability ; algorithmic design ; landscape design ; BIM ; green BIM ; city breathability ; urban ventilation ; urban air quality management ; blue-green infrastructure ; integrated urban planning ; economic analysis ; marketplace regeneration ; optimisation ; spatial analysis ; urban design ; vibration ; energy harvesting ; green gardens ; multifunctionality ; plus-energy building ; thermal stack ; solar energy ; integrated design ; prefabricated rural housing ; PEST ; entropy weighted TOPSIS ; implementation potential ; Chongqing ; n/a ; urban planning ; building layout ; energy demand ; climate ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 48
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Functional coatings are cost-effective means to protect substrates from wear, corrosion, erosion, tribocorrosion, high temperature and high pressure in extreme environmental conditions. These are primarily manufactured through metal/ceramic powder deposition in a subsequent layer by layer fashion on the substrate materials. In all cases, the functional coatings need to be reliable for the intended application. The emerging techniques in 3D printing/additive manufacturing can be utilized to develop high-performance functional coatings. These methods provide geometrical precision, flexibility in geometrical complexity, customization of the coating layers, and reduce the raw materials waste, keeping the manufacturing cost low while addressing many of the technical barriers of conventional coating methods. With the rapid development of cutting-edge value-added technologies in aerospace, nuclear, military, space, and energy industry, 3D printing/additive manufacturing techniques will be major advantages. Novel functional coatings and 3D printing/additive manufacturing techniques will be critical to value-added components in the future development of technologies. The book provide an overview of the recent development in coating manufacturing techniques and potential to use in high-end engineering applications.
    Keywords: metal additive manufacturing ; nickel-based alloy ; microstructure ; cooling effect ; laser cladding ; TiC ; microstructure control ; wear behavior prediction ; ductile materials ; dislocation density ; microstructure and recrystallization ; cold gas dynamic spray ; molecular dynamics ; Ti coating ; cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) test ; hysteresis loop ; wear ; additive manufacturing ; Inconel 718 ; friction ; tribocorrosion ; corrosion ; H13 steel ; thermal stress cycle ; numerical simulation ; unstable alternating thermal stress ; residual stress ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint focuses on research concerning various types of nanoparticles in terms of their toxicity, removal of antibiotics, and behavior in natural environments. In addition, reviews on microplastics in the atmosphere and the possible health impacts of microplastics/nanoplastics on humans are included
    Keywords: nanomaterials ; cerium oxide nanoparticles ; wild herbs ; seed germination ; root length ; nanoplastics ; nanotoxicity ; toxicology ; plastics ; health impacts ; environmental impacts ; pollution ; artificial black carbon (aBC) ; thermal treatment ; cytotoxicity ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; graphene oxide ; sulfamethazine ; phototransformation ; free radicals ; nanopollution ; nano-enabled products ; engineered nanomaterials ; physicochemical properties ; aquatic environments ; microplastics ; atmosphere ; distribution ; characteristics ; toxicity ; quantitative analysis ; flow-through dissolution testing ; OECD guidelines ; environmental risk assessment ; silver nanoparticles ; zinc oxide nanoparticles ; developmental toxicity ; reactive oxidative stress ; apoptosis ; autophagy ; magnetite-halloysite composites ; magnetic sorbent materials ; fluoroquinolone antibiotic ; adsorption ; wastewater treatment ; magnetic remediation ; emerging contaminants ; ecotoxicity ; ZnO nanoparticles ; trophic transfer ; neurotoxicity ; GABAergic motor neuron ; neuron damage ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: A collection of 18 scientific papers written in honor of Professor Karlheinz Schwarz's 80th birthday. The main topics include spectroscopy, excited states, DFT developments, results analysis, solid states, and surfaces.
    Keywords: density functional theory ; Coulomb systems ; excited states ; nodal variational principle ; DFT ; anatase TiO2(101) surface ; adsorption energy ; Bader charge ; helium atom ; screened Coulomb potential ; variational Monte Carlo method ; Lagrange mesh method ; comparison theorem ; TD-DFT ; MC-PDFT ; Lie–Clementi ; Colle–Salvetti ; OLEDs ; subphthalocyanines ; UV–visible spectra ; axial substituents ; peripheral substituents ; time-dependent DFT ; hexatetra-carbon ; electrical properties ; molecular aggregates ; singlet excitons ; triplet excitons ; TDDFT ; charge-transfer states ; charge-resonance states ; Frenkel states ; localized excitations ; diabatic states ; adiabatic states ; semiconductors ; oscillator strength ; hybrid exchange-correlation functional ; non-local potential ; statistics ; methods comparison ; benchmarking ; band gaps ; atomization energy ; DFT codes ; electronic structure calculation ; numerical accuracy and precision ; kinetic functional ; Yukawa potential ; periodic DFTB ; deMonNano ; graphene ; graphite ; benzene dimers ; deposited benzene ; supported clusters ; weighted mulliken charges ; LAPW method ; APW+lo method ; all-electron DFT ; density matrix functional embedding ; density-functional theory ; householder transformation ; He atomic basis sets ; helium dimer ; He2 potential well ; correlation energy ; complete basis set ; sigma basis set ; atomic multiplet theory ; crystal/ligand-field theory ; coordination compounds ; electronic structure ; Cu2OCl2 ; Cu2OBr2 ; Cu2OI2 ; oxyhalides ; magnetic couplings ; Néel temperature ; chemical pressure ; NMR ; machine learning ; zeolites ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Over the last two decades, the literature on political participation has flourished, reflecting the increasing use of diverse modes of citizen involvement. These include established modes of participation, such as voting, protests, mass demonstrations, and petition signing, but also newer modes specific to the online environment (ICT-related), participation in referendums, public consultations, or engagement in political deliberation. The importance and intensity of these modes is reflected both in the number of people getting involved and in the increasing number of policies that are subject to various modes of participation on a regular basis. There is extensive literature about how these modes of participation function, why people get involved, and the consequences of their participation. However, limited attention is paid to the relationship between political participation and the pursuit of sustainability at a local, regional, or central level. Existing studies indicate that citizen engagement can be a cost-effective method to characterize changes of local environments; however, not much is known beyond this process. This Special Issue aims to address this void in the literature and brings together contributions that analyze how participation can be associated with sustainability and local development in various settings. It explores the relationship between political participation and the management of their local environment. This Special Issue enhances the existing knowledge and understanding about how modes of participation can be reflected in stronger sustainability. The Special Issue provides the space for an academic debate that addresses issues such as climate change, resource allocation, or the pursuit of sustainability programs and policies. The contributions include a mix of single-case studies and comparative analyses across European countries.
    Keywords: deliberation ; future generations ; future design ; political participation ; citizen engagement ; political institutions ; sustainability ; participation ; digitalization ; local government ; innovation ; mixed deliberation ; referendums ; municipal mergers ; democratic sustainability ; social trust ; political trust ; political efficacy ; citizens’ juries ; natural experiment ; opinion change ; windfarms ; Scotland ; deliberative mini-publics ; democratic innovations ; public opinion ; participatory budgeting ; ecology ; local level ; citizens ; support ; Romania ; citizens’ assemblies ; climate change ; decarbonization ; agenda setting ; deliberative democracy ; mini-publics ; environmental politics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a severe chronic health condition that is often misunderstood or ignored by health establishments. The lack of definitive diagnostic markers to separate ME/CFS patients from the healthy population as well as from other chronic disorders is problematic for both health professionals and researchers. A consortium of Australian researchers gathered to systematically understand ME/CFS, ranging from a deep analysis of clinical and pathology data to metabolomic profiles and the investigation of mitochondrial function. From this broad collaboration, a number of compelling insights have arisen that may form the basis of specific serum, blood, and/or urinary biomarkers of ME/CFS. This Special Edition reports on a conference centred on these biomedical discoveries, with other contributions, with a translation focus for predictive markers for ME/CFS diagnosis. By supporting health professionals with developments in diagnostics for this condition, the patients and their families will hopefully benefit from an improved recognition of the biomedical underpinnings of the condition and will be better able to access the care that is urgently required. This Special Edition contains a mix of speaker submissions and other accepted manuscripts that contributed to our objective of advancing biomedical insights to enable the accurate diagnosis of ME/CFS.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RM1-950 ; fatigue syndrome ; n/a ; work rehabilitation ; tryptophan metabolism ; substrate inhibition ; myalgic encephalomyelitis ; 3-dioxygenase ; ME (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis) ; assessment ; myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) ; muscles ; hypoacetylation ; circadian rhythm ; immune system ; chronic ; CFS (Chronic Fatigue Syndrome) ; energy metabolism ; ME/CFS ; immunological ; cytokine ; bistability ; diagnosis ; biomarker ; symptoms ; kynurenine pathway ; inflammation and immunity ; metabolism ; neuro-inflammation ; pathology ; signaling ; exercise ; Epstein Barr virus ; methylhistidine ; hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis ; potential biomarkers ; critical point ; inflammation ; histone deacetylation ; participatory research ; neurology ; neuroimmune ; activin ; mitochondria ; patient-driven questionnaire ; medical retirement ; machine learning ; prognosis ; gut microbiota ; post-exertional malaise ; chronic fatigue syndrome ; mathematical model ; reference intervals ; diagnostic biomarker ; indoleamine-2 ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Urological Cancer 2020 collection contains a set of multidisciplinary contributions to the extraordinary heterogeneity of tumor mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and therapies of the renal, urinary tract, and prostate cancers, with the intention of offering to interested readers a representative snapshot of the status of urological research.
    Keywords: renal cell carcinoma ; iron ; macrophages ; chelation therapy ; urothelial carcinoma ; transcriptome ; microtubule ; MAP1B ; prognosis ; KLF5 ; androgen receptor ; cell proliferation ; tumorigenesis ; prostate cancer ; precision medicine ; whole genome sequencing ; optical mapping ; therapy ; prostate carcinoma ; prostate mpMRI ; machine learning ; artificial intelligence ; deep learning ; neural network ; angiogenesis ; angiogenic growth factors ; antiangiogenic therapy ; renal tumors ; prevention ; α1-adrenoceptor antagonists ; anoikis ; vascularity ; research model ; oncogenes ; tumor suppressor genes ; MR-guided ; radiotherapy ; MRgRT ; stereotactic ablative radiotherapy ; stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) ; renal cell cancer ; RCC ; online adaptive ; [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT ; dual-time point imaging ; delayed imaging ; biphasic imaging ; lesion positivity rate ; CXCL9 ; PD1 ; PD-L1 ; stage T1 NMIBC ; prostatic neoplasms/mortality ; prostatic neoplasms/epidemiology ; SEER Program ; bladder cancer ; transurethral resection ; en-bloc resection ; CPT1A ; fatty acids ; serine ; androgen response ; ROS ; oxidative stress ; DONSON ; Downstream Neighbor of SON ; biomarker ; metastatic spread ; diagnosis ; differential diagnosis ; histopathology ; immunohistochemistry ; stroma signature ; patient-derived xenografts ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Adsorption is a well-established operation used for water decontamination and the remediation of industrial effluents. It is also recognized as a key technology for recovering substances of economic interest or those at risk of scarcity. The new sustainability paradigm of the circular economy and the current context of promoting the efficient use of natural resources, water and energy have been motivating the search for eco-friendly adsorbents for water and wastewater treatment and resource recovery. This Special Issue compiles 21 papers (17 research articles and 4 reviews), addressing the removal of heavy metals, toxic metalloids, precious metals and organics from aqueous solution, using a wide variety of adsorbents derived from natural and waste materials.
    Keywords: activated carbon ; modification ; surfactant ; adsorption ; methylene blue ; ions effect ; anionic dye ; cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ; sepiolite ; two-step modification ; electroplating sludge ; hydrothermal process ; heavy metal ; electroplating wastewater ; upcycling ; biochar ; thiourea ; cadmium pollution ; adsorption characteristics ; water treatment ; manganese ; iron ; banana peel ; pre-treatment ; phosphoric acid ; human hair ; kinetics ; isotherms ; biosorption ; algae ; bacteria ; biosorbent ; pharmaceutical waste ; complex nickel-aluminum-zirconium hydroxide ; arsenic ion ; different fractions ; Hg2+ ; characterization ; adsorption mechanism ; bisphenol A ; equilibrium ; heavy metals ; K-type zeolite ; fly ash ; lead ; immobilization ; Pb2+ removal ; sorption ; precipitation ; waste recycling ; removal mechanisms ; solid-to-water ratio ; microcystin ; separation ; water quality ; cyanobacteria ; algal bloom ; phenols ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; wastewater ; precious metals ; hydrometallurgical processing ; selectivity ; pine bark ; olive mill wastewater ; carbon nanotubes ; polydimethilsiloxane ; waste treatment ; phenolic compounds ; resources recovery ; dyes removal ; wastewater treatment ; agrowaste biomass ; diclofenac removal ; advanced oxidation treatments ; low-cost sorbents ; nano zerovalent iron ; granular activated carbon ; organoselenium ; water ; treatment ; cadmium ; cellulose nanofibrils ; iron nanoparticles ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Mountains encompass more than 30% of all land and 23% of the Earth’s forests, with high levels of biodiversity and endemism, and they support diverse habitats and refuges for approximately 85% of amphibian, bird, and mammal species. More than 1/4 of the global human population inhabits mountain environments, many of whom are among the world’s poorest people. The climate and anthropogenic changes have had a tremendous impact on biodiversity and ecosystems around the world. On the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau, which is characterized by a low temperature, short growing season, and diverse ecosystems, global changes such as the warming climate might reduce biodiversity and alter ecosystem functions. This reprint contains studies with a focus on the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau and the south-west mountainous areas of China. The topic deals with the application of multiscale methods and approaches in the context of biodiversity, from the scale of genes and individuals to ecosystems and landscapes, including the adaptations of organisms, like plants, birds, and micro-organisms, spatial–temporal variations in vegetation patterns and land use statuses, and the possible driving factors of the functional adaptation of organisms to climate and anthropogenic changes.
    Keywords: adaptation ; biogeography ; ecosystem functions ; functional traits ; genetic and species diversity ; global change ; landscape heterogeneity ; mountain environment ; NDVI ; sustainable development&nbsp ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This Special Issue is related to studies of the hydrogen production from formic acid decomposition. It is based on five research papers and two reviews. The reviews discuss the liquid phase formic acid decomposition over bimetallic (PdAg), molecular (Ru, Ir, Fe, Co), and heterogenized molecular catalysts. The gas-phase reaction is studied over highly dispersed Pd, Pt, Au, Cu, and Ni supported catalysts. It is shown that the nature of the catalyst’s support plays an important role for the reaction. Thus, N-doping of the carbon support provides a significant promotional effect. One of the reasons for the high activity of the N-doped catalysts is the formation of single-atom active sites stabilized by pyridinic N species present in the support. It is demonstrated that carbon materials can be N-doped in different ways. It can be performed either directly from N-containing compounds during the carbon synthesis or by a post-synthetic deposition of N-containing compounds on the carbon support with known properties. The Issue could be useful for specialists in catalysis and nanomaterials as well as for graduate students studying chemistry and chemical engineering. The reported results can be applied for development of catalysts for the hydrogen production from different liquid organic hydrogen carriers.
    Keywords: formic acid decomposition ; hydrogen production ; CuO-CeO2/γ-Al2O3 ; multifuel processor ; copper catalyst ; oxygenates ; fuel cell ; Pd/C ; melamine ; g-C3N4 ; bipyridine ; phenanthroline ; N-doped carbon ; hydrogen ; formic acid ; platinum ; nitrogen doped ; carbon nanotubes ; carbon nanofibers ; heterogeneous catalysts ; bimetallic nanoparticles ; PdAg ; AgPd ; alloy ; nickel catalyst ; porous carbon support ; nitrogen doping ; hydrogen energetics ; hydrogen carrier ; formic acid dehydrogenation ; supported gold catalysts ; formic ; formate ; hybrid ; functionalization ; co-catalyst ; additive ; amine ; molecular catalyst ; nanocatalyst ; nano co-catalyst ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Due to their lightweight and high specific strength, Mg-based alloys are considered as substitutes to their heavier counterparts in applications in which corrosion is non-relevant and weight saving is of importance. Furthermore, due to the biocompatibility of Mg, some alloys with controlled corrosion rates are used as degradable implant materials in the medical sector. The typical processing route of Mg parts incorporates a casting step and, subsequently, a thermo–mechanical treatment. In order to achieve the desired macroscopic properties and thus fulfill the service requirements, thorough knowledge of the relationship between the microstructure, the processing steps, and the resulting property profile is necessary. This Special Issue covers in situ and ex situ experimental and computational investigations of the behavior under thermo–mechanical load of Mg-based alloys utilizing modern characterization and simulation techniques. The papers cover investigations on the effect of rare earth additions on the mechanical properties of different Mg alloys, including the effect of long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structures, and the experimental and computational investigation of the effect of different processing routes
    Keywords: Arabidopsis ; abiotic stress response ; photosynthesis ; phosphoglycolate phosphatase ; photorespiration ; 2-phosphoglycolate ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; glycolate oxidase ; protein phosphorylation ; Zea mays ; Portulaca grandiflora ; C4 photosynthesis ; Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), evolution ; development ; PEP carboxylase ; Portulacaceae ; glycine decarboxylase ; metabolite signaling/acclimation ; TCA cycle ; Calvin–Benson cycle ; photoperiodic changes ; redox-regulation ; environmental adaptation ; Glycolate oxidase ; evolution ; Archaeplastida ; Cyanobacteria ; MCF ; oxidative phosphorylation ; mitochondrial carriers ; transporters ; energy balancing ; cyclic electron flux ; malate valve ; C3 cycle ; acclimation ; chlorophyll a fluorescence ; fluctuating light ; natural variation ; pyruvate kinase ; glycolysis ; respiratory metabolism ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is intended to highlight why SCP policy design and evaluation needs to overcome conventional environmental policy framework. Emerging SCP policy design and evaluation do not involve focusing on individual products or behaviors or improving efficiency in management systems in relation to environmental sustainability; instead, they address more socio-economic systems and target collective efforts for transition. Effort has been made for this book/Special Issue to feature studies contributing to policy design and evaluation in this direction. It contains 11 papers covering challenges and opportunities for SCP policy design, application of foresight to policy design, evaluation of NDC potentials to facilitate sustainable lifestyles, comparative analysis of sustainable development criteria, sustainable lifestyle and education, subjective wellbeing and sustainable consumption, case studies on challenges and opportunities for sustainability transition at the local and community level, and three case studies on how to fill gaps between policy goals and environmental behavior at a city level in China, Vietnam, and Thailand. The papers in this book suggest that SCP policy design and evaluation need to pay more attention to social aspects of sustainability such as social infrastructure and well-being and socio-technical systems to ensure effective and just transition to sustainability.
    Keywords: intrahousehold education gap ; marriage ; health status ; instrumental variable ; level of education ; self-rated health ; sustainable lifestyle ; policymaking ; multi-stakeholder participation ; long-term transition ; empowerment ; sustainable lifestyles ; food waste ; lifestyle ; SDGs ; households ; Hanoi ; collective actions ; One-Planet Network ; municipal solid waste ; garbage sorting behavior ; environmental awareness ; pro-environmental behavior ; altruism ; mottainai ; attachment ; subjective well-being ; life satisfaction ; happiness ; accelerated policy-driven sustainability transitions ; Asian sustainability transitions ; cleaner vehicle technology ; urban air pollution ; sustainable consumption and production ; sufficiency ; efficiency ; transition ; discourse analysis ; policy design ; COVID-19 ; plastic waste ; household ; Bangkok ; sustainability criteria ; national target ; country development stage ; indirect stated preference ; sustainable development goals (SDGs) ; climate change policies ; UNFCCC ; demand-side management ; behavioral change ; consumption-based emissions ; low-carbon lifestyles ; indirect emissions ; carbon footprint ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: In the last few years, huge amounts of progress have been made regarding remote sensing in the field of computer vision. This success and progress is mostly due to the effectiveness of deep learning (DL) algorithms. In addition, the remote sensing community has shifted its attention to DL, and DL algorithms have been used to achieve significant success in many image analysis tasks. However, with regard to remote sensing, a number of challenges caused by difficulties in data acquisition and annotation have not been fully solved yet. This reprint is a collection of novel developments in the field of remote sensing using computer vision, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. The articles published involve fundamental theoretical analyses as well as those demonstrating their application to real-world problems.
    Keywords: tropical cyclone detection ; meteorological satellite images ; deep learning ; deep transfer learning ; generative adversarial networks ; image target detection ; multiple scales ; any angle object ; remote sensing of small objects ; point clouds ; 3D tracking ; state estimation ; Siamese network ; deep LK ; convolutional neural networks (CNNs) ; multilayer feature aggregation ; attention mechanism ; remote sensing image scene classification (RSISC) ; hyperspectral image classification ; variational autoencoder ; generative adversarial network ; crossed spatial and spectral interactions ; crater detection algorithm (CDA) ; R-FCN ; self-calibrated convolution ; split attention mechanism ; transfer learning ; remote sensing ; oriented object detection ; rotated inscribed ellipse ; remote sensing images ; keypoint-based detection ; gated aggregation ; eccentricity-wise ; object detection ; remote sensing image ; anchor free ; oriented bounding boxes ; deformable convolution ; three-dimensional radar imaging ; convolution neural network ; super-resolution ; side-lobe suppression ; terahertz radar ; aerial image generation ; satellite image generation ; structure map ; style vector ; high resolution image ; self-constructing graph ; semantic segmentation ; GAN ; image generation ; data augmentation ; remote sensing disaster image ; convolutional neural network ; double-stream structure ; feedback ; encoder–decoder network ; dense connections ; instance segmentation ; Swin transformer ; cascade mask R-CNN ; remote sensing image retrieval ; hashing algorithm ; binary code ; triplet ordinal relation preserving ; cross entropy ; feature distillation ; forest fire ; smoke segmentation ; Smoke-Unet ; residual block ; Landsat-8 ; band sensibility ; unsupervised domain adaptation ; bidirectional domain adaptation ; image-to-image translation ; generative adversarial networks (GANs) ; U-Net ; high-density laser scanning ; logging trails ; digital surface model ; canopy height model ; commercial thinning ; convolutional neural networks ; multiview ; satellite and UAV image ; joint description ; image matching ; neural network ; contextual information ; Anchor Free Region Proposal Network ; polar representation ; 3D object detection ; point cloud ; sampling ; single-stage ; rotated object detection ; angle-based detector ; angle-free framework ; rotated region of interests (RRoIs) ; representative points ; plastic ; UAVs ; contrastive learning ; mutual guidance ; spatial misalignment ; vehicle detection ; ANN ; automatic classification ; risk mitigation ; machine learning ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This reprint presents groundbreaking discoveries, practical techniques, and rigorous analyses related to the cultivation, preparation, and exploitation of mycelium composites. The papers cover a wide range of topics, including functional modifications of mycelium with inorganic particles, modifying and assessing the mechanical properties of mycelium composites, strategies for improving the flexural behaviour of composites, beehives from fungal materials, bio-welding and reinforcement of composites, bioreactors for fungal production, co-production of composites by fungi and bacteria, growing large-scale mycelium structures, sound absorption by composites, and the geometrical parameterisation of fungi. This informative compendium of techniques, methods, and insights on growing fungal material appeals to readers from all walks of life, from high school pupils to university professors, from mathematicians, computer scientists, and engineers to chemists, from craft practitioners to industrial producers of fungal materials, and from biologists to architects and artists.
    Keywords: mycelium-based composites ; additive manufacturing ; bio-based materials ; circular construction ; digital fabrication ; mycelium ; bio-composites ; bio-fabrication ; ultrasonic welding ; wood printing ; robotic fabrication ; reinforced composites ; natural fiber reinforced polymers ; NFRP ; growing materials ; rattan ; lightweight structure ; architecture ; structural design ; computational design ; subtractive manufacturing ; circular economy ; compressive structures ; compressive strength ; digital image correlation ; masonry ; growth ; mechanical properties ; materials science ; mycelium-based composite ; biomaterials ; natural composites ; bacterial cellulose ; biocompatibility ; knitted fabric ; material tinkering ; lignocellulosic fibers ; natural fiber reinforcement ; mechanical characteristics ; manufacturing variables ; nanoclay ; fungal fruiting bodies ; parametric design thinking ; plasticity ; linearity ; non-linearity ; biohybrid architecture ; bio fabrication ; living architecture ; beehive ; 3D printing ; mycelium materials ; symbiosis ; multispecies architecture ; healthy materials ; binding capacity ; bio-adhesives ; building biomaterials ; fungal mycelium ; mechanical performance ; acoustic materials ; sound absorption ; fungal architecture ; myceliated material ; living material ; sustainability ; biotechnology ; compression ; bending ; waste upcycling ; mycoremediation ; myco-materials ; myco-fabrication ; sustainable buildings ; sustainable structures ; architectural design ; material ethics ; modular chain bioreactor ; solid-state fermentation ; mycelium production ; Ganoderma lucidum ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The use of renewable energy sources (RESs) is a need of global society. This editorial, and its associated Special Issue “Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Sources”, offers a compilation of some of the recent advances in the analysis of current power systems that are composed after the high penetration of distributed generation (DG) with different RESs. The focus is on both new control configurations and on novel methodologies for the optimal placement and sizing of DG. The eleven accepted papers certainly provide a good contribution to control deployments and methodologies for the allocation and sizing of DG.
    Keywords: solar energy ; wind energy ; energy storage ; renewable energy integration ; Europe ; advanced metering infrastructure ; data acquisition ; IEC standards ; low-cost ; open source ; power measurement ; smart meter ; uncertainty evaluation ; frequency stabilization ; coordinated control ; wind turbine generator ; high-fidelity battery model ; releasable and absorbable energy ; photovoltaic emulator ; photovoltaic panel ; single diode model ; MPPT ; FSWT-SCIG ; battery storage system ; power system stability ; synchronous generator ; hybrid system ; voltage source converter ; passivity-based control ; proportional-integral control ; voltage regulation ; bi-directional converter ; LC impedance source converter ; DC–DC power converter ; bi-directional power flow ; alternating current networks ; direct current networks ; optimal power flow ; non-linear optimization ; control of power electronic converters ; distributed generation ; mixed-integer nonlinear programming ; second-cone programming ; discrete-sine cosine algorithm ; metaheuristic optimization ; DG placement ; evolutionary algorithms ; energy management ; fuzzy controller ; power systems analysis ; interconnected power systems ; latencies ; time-delay effects ; wide area monitoring systems ; renewable energy conversion ; power conditioning devices ; renewable energy policies ; power quality ; computations methods ; control strategies ; electric vehicle charging ; energy management systems ; ancillary services ; monitoring ; prognostic and diagnostic ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This reprint focusses on Smartness, a multidisciplinary topic, which is examined from four perspectives: Sensors, IoT, and Data Generation; Data and Information Processing; Actuation; and Digital Systems and Infrastructure. We see smartness in the way sensing is embedded in a system, the way data and information are processed, how a system interacts internally and with its environment, and whether a system is ubiquitous or limited by space (cloud-based or edge-enabled). This reprint contains a total of 14 chapters, which are grouped according to their areas of application: mobility and transportation, healthcare, industrial environments, and other urban infrastructures. This book covers a range of topics, including mobility; healthcare; image analysis; permeable pavements; solid-waste management; sensor node and gateway architectures; cloud, fog, and edge computing; air-quality monitoring; thermal anomalies and smart helmets in industrial environments; smart airports; smart districts; smart travel choices; sensor cities; artificially intelligent cities; platform urbanism; and more.
    Keywords: artificial intelligence (AI) ; artificially intelligent city ; artificially intelligence commons ; smart city ; smart urban technology ; urban informatics ; sustainable urban development ; climate change ; pandemics ; natural disasters ; sensor city ; City 4.0 ; smart urbanism ; smart governance ; disruptive urban transition ; Internet-of-Things (IoT) ; technology giants ; sensors ; transit ; bus ; transfer ; smart card ; spatial analysis ; mode choice ; internet of everything (IoE) ; 6th generation (6G) networks ; artificial intelligence ; Distributed AI as a Service (DAIaaS) ; fog computing ; edge computing ; cloud computing ; smart airport ; smart districts ; PPE ; OHS ; risk detection ; naive Bayes ; support vector machine ; convolutional neural network ; deep learning ; microcontroller ; edge-fog-cloud computing ; Internet of Things ; robotics ; autonomous driving ; image registration ; smart sensor ; real time big data ; land-use ; air quality ; particulate matter (PM10 PM2.5) ; Intelligent Transportation Systems ; functional requirements ; machine learning ; model actionability ; model evaluation ; cloud server ; customized sensor node ; customized gateway ; FLoRa simulation ; LoRa range radio ; solid waste management ; smart cities ; big data ; event detection ; road traffic ; distributed machine learning ; automatic labeling ; social media ; data analytics ; social media analytics ; Arabic tweets ; 3D microstructure reconstruction ; permeable pavement ; generative adversarial networks ; tiny AI ; tiny ML ; distributed AI as a service (DAIaaS) ; skin disease diagnosis ; healthcare ; smart societies ; smart healthcare ; reference architecture ; TensorFlow ; visually impaired ; smart mobility ; LiDAR ; ultrasonic ; obstacle detection ; obstacle recognition ; assistive tools ; green computing ; sustainability ; Arduino Uno ; smart app ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Coastal regions are susceptible to rapid changes, as they constitute the boundary between the land and the sea. The resilience of a particular segment of coast depends on many factors, including climate change, sea-level changes, natural and technological hazards, extraction of natural resources, population growth, and tourism. Recent research highlights the strong capabilities for remote sensing applications to monitor, inventory, and analyze the coastal environment. This book contains 12 high-quality and innovative scientific papers that explore, evaluate, and implement the use of remote sensing sensors within both natural and built coastal environments.
    Keywords: big data applications ; data processing ; data visualization ; neural networks ; reduction ; coastal waters ; urban expansion ; remote sensing and GIS ; expansion types and rates ; major explanatory factors ; Miami metropolitan area ; cliff coastlines ; cliff retreat ; time-series analysis ; airborne laser scanner ; warm upwelling ; sea surface temperature ; numerical modelling ; winter ; southern Baltic Sea ; beach monitoring ; mobile terrestrial LiDAR ; intensity calibration ; beach surface moisture ; Baltic coast ; Poland ; CORINE Land Cover ; land cover flow ; urbanisation ; afforestation ; deforestation ; spatial analysis ; SDGs ; coastal habitats ; ecosystem monitoring ; land cover mapping ; random forest algorithm ; Sentinel-2 ; modified soil-adjusted vegetation index 2–MSAVI2 ; normalized difference water index 2–NDWI2 ; brightness index 2–BI2 ; oil spill ; remote sensing ; review ; machine learning ; deep learning ; trajectory modeling ; vulnerability assessment ; coastal geomorphology ; shoreline change ; coastal process ; monitoring ; geomatic techniques ; Po River Delta ; archival multi-temporal data ; coastline changes ; emerged/submerged surfaces ; land subsidence ; relative sea level rise 2100 ; land cover ; dune coast ; air photograph ; South Baltic Sea ; coastal monitoring ; estuaries ; IoT ; lidar ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Agricultural production management is facing a new era of intelligence and automation. With developments in sensor technologies, the temporal, spectral, and spatial resolution from ground/air/space platforms have been notably improved. Optical sensors play an essential role in agriculture production management. Specifically, monitoring plant health, growth conditions, and insect infestation has traditionally involved extensive fieldwork. We believe that sensors, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are not simply scientific experiments but opportunities to make our agricultural production management more efficient and cost-effective, further contributing to the healthy development of natural–human systems. This reprint compiles the latest research on optical sensors and machine learning in agricultural monitoring, including related topics: Machine learning approaches for crop health, growth, and yield monitoring; Combined multisource/multi-sensor data to improve the crop parameters mapping; Crop-related growth models, artificial intelligence models, algorithms, and precision management; Farmland environmental monitoring and management; Ground, air, and space platforms application in precision agriculture; Development and application of field robotics; High-throughput field information survey; Phenological monitoring.
    Keywords: soil moisture content ; spectral processing technology ; hyperspectral ; principal component analysis ; feature parameters extraction ; yield estimation ; rice ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; tasseled cap transformation ; precision agriculture ; weed identification ; YOLOv4-Tiny ; attention mechanism ; multiscale detection ; angle normalization ; vegetation canopy reflectance ; geostationary satellite ; path length correction ; Minnaert model ; GOCI ; winter wheat ; LSTM ; LAI ; deep learning ; land use ; land cover ; classification ; random forest ; Sentinel data ; SRTM ; feature selection ; accuracy ; validation ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; soybean ; convolutional neural network ; multispectral imagery ; fusarium head blight ; texture indices ; machine learning ; cropland ; multi-seasonal ; fractal feature ; feature extraction ; accuracy evaluation ; black soil ; UAV ; chlorophyll ; fractional vegetation cover ; maturity monitoring ; anomaly detection ; smart agriculture ; detection of apple leaf diseases ; YOLOv5 ; transformer ; CBAM ; crop type classification ; multi-temporal ; remote sensing ; dairy cows ; body condition score ; 3D TOF sensor ; non-contact evaluation ; recognize area of interest ; sugarcane clones ; canopy cover ; light interception ; biomass ; cane yield ; peanut southern blight ; reflection spectrum ; spectral index ; continuous wavelet transform ; VGNet ; corn diseases ; leaf detection ; lightweight ; transfer learning ; agriculture ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Pharmaceuticals represent an especially worrying class of micropollutants because they are biologically active. Thus, their occurrence in aquatic environments may cause undesirable effects in living organisms and, if present in water sources for human consumption, may constitute a public health issue. However, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which have not been designed for the removal of pharmaceuticals and cannot guarantee their full elimination, are considered hotspots for their dissemination in natural waters. In this context, the Special Issue (SI) entitled “Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Water: Conventional and Alternative Treatments” was launched to contribute to the assessment of the contemporary challenges and advances in the removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater. Papers published in the SI, which have been compiled in this book, approached the topic with either of the following different perspectives: (i) the fate and removal of pharmaceuticals by conventional treatments applied in existing WWTPs; or (ii) advanced and alternative green approaches to remove pharmaceuticals from water. Apart from the Editorial, papers published within this SI include two literature reviews and six experimental studies, all of them presenting unconventional approaches, original views, innovative research and/or novel methodologies. This compilation will definitely spark the attention of readers intrigued in the topic, and is useful for researchers in the field.
    Keywords: transportation of pharmaceuticals ; Malaysian aquatic environment ; pharmaceutical consumption ; LC-ToF/MS ; emerging contaminants (ECs) ; sorption ; wastewater treatment ; bioremediation ; algae ; Moringa stenopetala ; water-soluble proteins ; antibiotics removal efficiency ; pharmaceuticals ; water quality ; water treatment ; abatement options ; fungi ; biosorption ; removal of pharmaceuticals ; wastewater ; phyco-remediation ; emerging contaminants ; paracetamol ; Danio rerio ; advanced oxidation processes ; antibiotics ; photolysis ; ozone ; hydrogen peroxide ; Fenton ; heterogeneous photocatalysis ; sonochemical oxidation ; electrooxidation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Social media has the potential to provide rapid insights into unfolding public health emergencies such as infectious disease outbreaks. They can also be drawn upon for rapid, survey-based insights into various health topics. Social media has also been utilised by medical professionals for the purposes of sharing scholarly works, international collaboration, and engaging in policy debates. One benefit of using social media platforms to gain insight into health is that they have the ability to capture unfiltered public opinion in large volumes, avoiding the potential biases introduced by surveys or interviews. Social media platforms can also be utilised to pilot surveys, for instance, though the use of Twitter polls. Social media data have also been drawn upon in medical emergencies and crisis situations as a public health surveillance tool. A number of software and online tools also exist, developed specifically to aide public health research utilising social media data. In recent years, ethical issues regarding the retrieval and analysis of data have also arisen.
    Keywords: social media ; disordered eating behaviours ; body image ; female ; university students ; telemedicine ; carbon dioxide ; air pollutants ; vehicle emissions ; primary care ; machine learning ; teleconsultation ; remote consultation ; classification ; public health ; short video ; social network ; TAM ; cost analysis ; health technology assessment ; provider-to-provider telemedicine ; telehealth ; economic analysis ; questionnaires and surveys ; validation studies ; health personnel ; electronic nicotine delivery systems ; smoking ; twitter ; poor doctor-patient relationship ; healthcare consultation ; mobile context ; computer-mediated communication ; point-of-care systems ; ultrasonography ; traffic-related pollution ; primary health care ; acceptability of health care ; surveys and questionnaires ; health communication ; Spanish official medical colleges ; stakeholders ; Twitter ; systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) ; network analysis ; topic modeling ; text analysis ; online media ; vaccination ; social marketing ; stroke ; prehospital emergency care ; training ; stroke code ; large vessel occlusion ; prehospital scales ; hearing loss ; latent topic ; LDA ; social Q&amp ; A ; public voice ; public health emergency ; policy evolution ; product innovation ; cooperative governance ; COVID-19 ; coronavirus ; masks ; transmission ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Mechanical and hydraulic soil properties are strongly affected by the degree of saturation, with important consequences for earthen embankments, soil–vegetation–atmosphere interactions, geoenvironmental applications, and risk mitigation. The presence of sloping ground surfaces is common. In slightly inclined natural slopes, susceptible to deep landslides, the unsaturated condition of shallow soil horizons affects deep pore water pressures and, therefore, global stability. The stability of steep mountains covered by shallow deposits is often guaranteed by a shear strength contribution related to the unsaturated condition. In this case, the degree of saturation plays a key role in determining which rainfall events can act as landslide triggers, consequently controlling the post-failure evolution. Partial saturation is the basic characteristic of soils used as construction materials of geo-structures such as levees, dikes, and dams. It governs the structure behavior during construction phases, in serviceability, and in extreme scenarios. Hoping to provide a bridge between theoretical research and practical applications, this Special Issue collects quality contributions related to natural and artificial slopes under unsaturated conditions, focusing on aspects such as: water retention and transport properties, mechanical behavior, advances in experimental methods, laboratory and in situ characterization, field monitoring, geotechnical and geophysical field tests, landslide investigation and prevention, the design and maintenance of engineered slopes, and the constitutive and numerical modeling of hydro-mechanical behavior.
    Keywords: landslide ; soil slide ; LAMP ; soil water content ; soil moisture ; monitoring ; calibration ; installation ; rainfall ; debris flow ; in situ characterization ; triaxial tests ; unsaturated conditions ; unsaturated slope ; Ruedlingen field experiment ; lateral resistance ; limit equilibrium solution ; riverbank ; unsaturated soils ; water retention curve ; unsaturated permeability curve ; transient seepage ; slope stability ; pyroclastic soils ; infiltration ; capillary barriers ; stability analysis ; water retention ; suction ; silty sands ; commercial experimental techniques ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This special issue brings together cutting edge research and insightful commentary on the currentl state of the Cancer Nanomedicine field.
    Keywords: antibody drug conjugate (ADC) ; PD-L1 ; tumor spheroid disruption ; immune modulation ; doxorubicin ; graphene oxide ; adsorption ; cathepsin D ; cathepsin L ; anti-metastatic enzyme cancer therapy ; nanoparticles ; targeted delivery system ; siRNA ; osteopontin ; mammary carcinoma ; mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ; TAT peptide ; PLGA ; paclitaxel ; nano-engineered MSCs ; orthotopic lung tumor model ; intracranial glioma ; immunotherapy ; CPMV ; viral nanoparticles ; in situ vaccine ; albumin nanoparticles ; microbubble ; ultrasound ; theranostics ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; VX2 tumor ; intra-arterial chemotherapy ; lung cancer ; nanomedicine ; clinical status ; cancer therapy ; breast cancer ; cell signaling ; active targeting ; passive targeting ; EPR effect ; oncogenes ; nanoparticle ; drug delivery ; ligand ; tumor targeting ; biodistribution ; Mesoporous silica nanoparticle ; drug delivery system ; target treatment ; lanthanide metal ; hyaluronic acid ; hyaluronidase ; drug combination ; everolimus ; dual-targeting ; magnetic nanoparticles ; monoclonal antibodies ; nanostructured lipid carrier ; platelet membrane ; biomimicry ; plasmonic photothermal therapy ; gold nanorods ; surgery ; bleeding ; dogs ; cats ; stimuli-responsive ; DOX ; SN38 ; CSCs ; single-walled carbon nanotubes ; chirality separation ; NASH ; drug-gene delivery ; near IR hyperspectral imaging ; plasmonics ; copper ; VEGF ; glioblastoma ; differentiated neuroblastoma ; peptidomimetics ; real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) ; actin ; combinatorial therapy ; anticancer and antibacterial activity ; temoporfin ; drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposome ; hybrid nanoparticles ; multicellular tumor spheroids ; cyclodextrins ; photodynamic therapy article ; yet reasonably common within the subject discipline ; antitumor strategy ; biomimetic core–shell nanoparticles ; NK cell-derived exosomes ; folate receptor ; albumin nanoparticle ; microfluidic ; cabazitaxel ; polydopamine nanoparticles ; size ; cytotoxicity ; iron affinity ; FA-DABA-SMA ; self-assembly ; oncogenic proteins ; intracellular disruption ; folic receptor alpha ; pancreatic cancer ; parvifloron D ; albumin ; erlotinib ; photodynamic therapy ; lipid nanoparticles ; tumor vectorization ; verteporfin ; ovarian carcinomatosis ; spheroids ; integrin ; RGD peptide ; cancer diagnosis ; radiotherapy ; hyperthermia therapy ; biomimetic ; nanocarrier ; membrane-wrapped ; cancer ; targeted delivery ; photothermal therapy ; imaging ; cancer nanomedicine ; tumor microenvironment ; nano–bio interactions ; clinical translation ; magnetic nanowires ; magnetic hyperthermia ; magnetic actuation ; magnetic drug targeting ; titanate nanotubes ; gold nanoparticles ; vectorization ; colloidal stability ; docetaxel ; prostate cancer ; mangiferin ; anti-topoisomerase activity ; extracellular vesicles ; exosomes ; chemico-physical functionalization ; loading ; translational medicine ; nanotechnology: bioengineering ; anacardic acid ; mitoxantrone ; targeted drug delivery ; liposomes ; melanoma ; apoptosis ; ascorbic acid ; angiogenesis ; epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition ; hypoxia ; immunosuppression ; metabolism ; nanotherapeutics ; tumour microenvironment ; DNA origami ; liposome ; remote loading ; acute toxicity ; organoids ; magnetic silica-coated iron oxide nanochains ; photothermal treatment ; hyperthermia ; collagen ; cellular microenvironment ; lymphadenectomy ; magnetometer ; sentinel lymph node dissection ; SPION ; superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles ; Vδ2 T cells ; zoledronic acid ; polymeric nanoconstruct ; anti-tumor immunity ; colorectal carcinoma ; β-cyclodextrin nanosponges ; BALB-neuT mice ; brain tumours ; glioma ; blood brain barrier ; polymeric nanoparticles ; PEGylation ; dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine ; poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate-co-allyl methyl sulfide) copolymer ; folate ; oxidation-sensitive release ; cellular interaction ; in vitro anti-cancer activity ; triple negative breast cancer ; organotin ; mesoporous silica nanoparticles ; MDA-MB-231 ; theranostic nanomaterials ; nanobiotechnology ; molecular imaging ; nanosystems ; nanomicelles ; ovarian cancer ; tumour targeting ; chemotherapeutics ; riboflavin ; vitamin B2 ; nanomedicines ; secondary structure ; mixed micelle ; pH responsive ; targeted therapy ; anti-cancer ; shear stress ; flow ; in vitro ; therapeutics ; diagnostics ; Immunotherapy ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The ocean is the cradle of life and is rich in natural resources. With the worldwide boom in exploration and application of ocean resources, a dramatically increasing amount of coastal engineering and offshore engineering facilities have been constructed in the last few decades. The rapid development of human economic activities and the global climate change have significant impacts on the marine environment, resulting in frequent geological disasters. Under this circumstance, there is an urgent demand for a platform for scientists and engineers to share their state-of-art research outcomes in the field of Marine Engineering Geology. This book is a collection of a series of articles from the 2nd International Symposium of Marine Engineering Geology (ISMEG 2019), presenting some of the recent efforts made towards marine engineering geology and geotechnics, including theoretical advances, laboratory and field testing, design methods, and the potential for further development of these disciplines.
    Keywords: marine soft soil ; double-layer foundation ; consolidation theory ; drainage boundary ; spudcan ; skirted footing ; footprint ; jack-up ; clay ; large deformation analysis ; coral sands ; porous media ; model test ; dispersion ; mechanical dispersion ; molecular diffusion ; soft clay ; cyclic loads ; residual pore pressure ; suction anchor ; wave ; seafloor instability ; pore pressure ; slide surface ; gas distribution ; meshfree method ; VARANS ; Biot’s “u − p” approximation ; wave-current induced seabed response ; immersed tunnel ; sediment liquefaction ; heavy metal ; migration ; interior of sediment ; the subaqueous Yellow River Delta ; ocean waves ; double-frequency microseisms ; continental margin ; continental slope ; coral sand ; Fujian sand ; shaking table test ; dynamic response ; pile group ; marine engineering ; seismic liquefaction ; novel liquefaction-resistant structures ; mitigation strategies ; sand wave ; pressure sensing technique ; physical model test ; field application ; wingsail ; aerodynamics ; numerical simulation ; marine silty sand ; small-strain stiffness ; Hardin model ; binary packing model ; dredging and reclamation ; constitutive relationship ; centrifugal experiment ; void ratio–effective stress ; void ratio–permeability coefficient ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Global health, conceived as a discipline, aims to train, research and respond to problems of a transboundary nature, in order to improve health and health equity at the global level. The current worldwide situation is ruled by globalization, and therefore the concept of global health involves not only health-related issues, but also those related to the environment and climate change. Therefore, in this Special Issue, the problems related to global health have been addressed from a bibliometric approach in four main areas: environmental issues, diseases, health, education and society.
    Keywords: social networks ; health ; young people ; bibliometric study ; scientometrics ; obesity ; interventions ; children ; youths ; pediatrics ; reclaimed water ; advanced oxidation process ; microorganisms ; concern emergent contaminant ; worldwide ; content analysis ; text mining ; diabetes ; QOL ; artificial intelligence ; machine learning ; bibliometric ; LDA ; HIV/AIDS ; quality of life ; global health ; public health ; scientometric study ; knowledge map ; visualization analysis ; CiteSpace ; COPD ; QoL ; medicinal plants ; drugs ; worldwide research ; bibliometrics ; traditional medicine ; asthma ; HRQoL ; Scival ; patents ; Spain ; Research and Development (R&amp ; D) ; social returns ; COVID-19 ; biomechanics ; musculoskeletal disorders ; RULA ; ergonomics ; applications ; climate change ; infectious diseases ; bibliometric analysis ; co-word analysis ; biclustering ; strategic diagram ; academic performance ; citation network ; motivation ; microplastics ; network analysis ; VOSviewer software ; research hotspots ; pulmonary disease ; musculoskeletal risks ; wastewater treatment ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Land degradation, exacerbated by climate change and rapid urbanization, poses significant threats to socio-economic development. There is an urgent need to explore land degradation and its associated ecosystem responses and the suitable pathways for sustainable development in urban and rural regions. This reprint comprises a collection of 16 articles, featuring 1 review article and 15 research articles. There are some key practical experiences and scientific findings to support the ecosystem change response to land degradation, through either theoretical works or empirical research, identifying the characteristics and solutions for sustainable development. Key scientific issues addressed include land use and land cover change, ecological impacts of urbanization, mechanisms of land degradation on ecosystems, and coordinated social, economic, and ecological development. This reprint encouraged scholars to share the latest advancements in the research framework, datasets, methods, and case studies for assessing land degradation and associated ecosystem responses. We expect this reprint will inspire broader reflection and discussion within academic community regarding the theories and practices concerning land degradation and associated ecosystem responses. It could be a valuable reference for exploring potential solutions towards achieving land degradation neutrality and promoting regional sustainable development.
    Keywords: ecological compensation ; ecosystem services ; opportunity cost ; ecological compensation priority ; land degradation ; dust emission ; wind erosion ; dust models ; dust cycle ; carbon cycle ; livestock carrying capacity risk ; planting and breeding balance ; northeast China ; farmland circulation ; differential circulation features ; driving mechanism ; plot level ; plains and mountainous areas ; Zhangye City ; ecological carrying capacity ; supply and demand ; priority areas ; agricultural ecological efficiency ; spatial-temporal evolution ; SBM model ; spatial Markov chain ; spatiotemporal changes ; driving factors ; agro-pastoral transitional zone ; management ; Bashang Plateau ; Populus simonii forest ; optimal plant cover ; leaf-area index ; Biome-BGC model ; urban resilience ; land use/cover change ; urbanization ; carbon neutrality ; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration ; surface thermal environment ; standard deviation ellipse ; Shijiazhuang ; wildfires ; natural protected areas ; decision support system ; scenario-based analysis ; soil salinity ; sodicity ; GIS ; RS ; leaching and gypsum requirement ; carbon and nitrogen pools ; soil quality ; carbon and nitrogen management index ; land use ; arid environment ; eco-compensation ; ecosystem service value ; PAHs pollution ; risk assessment ; industrial legacy sites ; vertical distribution ; land reuse ; drylands ; sediment connectivity ; degradation ; land use and land cover change (LULCC) ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This book focuses on fundamental and applied research on construction project management. It presents research papers and practice-oriented papers. The execution of construction projects is specific and particularly difficult because each implementation is a unique, complex, and dynamic process that consists of several or more subprocesses that are related to each other, in which various aspects of the investment process participate. Therefore, there is still a vital need to study, research, and conclude the engineering technology and management applied in construction projects. This book present unanimous research approach is a result of many years of studies, conducted by 35 well experienced authors. The common subject of research concerns the development of methods and tools for modeling multi-criteria processes in construction engineering.
    Keywords: earned value method—EVM ; time variances ; cost variances ; schedule ; cadastre ; land surveyor ; construction surveying ; building layout ; polar coordinates ; stake-out methods ; total station ; construction reports ; construction contracts ; natural language processing ; machine learning ; simulation modeling ; bridge expansion and contraction installation (BECI) ; decision making (DM) ; technical condition assessment ; analytic hierarchy process (AHP) ; whale optimization algorithm ; Tent chaotic mapping ; Lévy flight ; resilience ; baseline schedule ; uncertainty ; taxonomy ; construction project ; PERT ; theory of constraint (TOC) ; drum-buffer-rope (DBR) ; construction schedule ; monitoring progress ; construction phase ; automated monitoring ; digital tools ; as-built ; as-planned ; efficiency ; risk ; randomization ; association analysis ; tabu search ; delay ; time schedules ; project risk ; construction project management ; Time-at-Risk (TaR) ; investment-construction process model ; Monte Carlo simulation ; decision-making process ; decision modelling in construction activities ; decisions in civil engineering ; liquid cooling system ; flow calibration ; differential pressure ; experimental method ; aircraft ; building information modelling (BIM) ; automatisation ; facilities design ; domestic plumbing and sanitation ; management ; project cost ; investment schedule ; risk mitigation ; randomness ; fuzziness ; health and safety control ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This reprint includes contributions from leaders in the field of personalized medicine in ophthalmology. The contributions are diverse and cover pre-clinical and clinical topics. We hope you enjoy reading the articles.
    Keywords: subthreshold micropulse laser ; 577-nm laser ; laser fixed parameters ; diabetic retinopathy ; diabetic macular edema ; optical coherence tomography ; autofluorescence ; real-life ; diabetic macular oedema ; visual prognosis ; indicators ; personalized medicine ; age-related macular degeneration ; choroidal neovascularization ; classification ; machine learning ; type 2 diabetes ; retinopathy ; ethnicity ; general practice ; risk factors ; progression ; glycemic gap ; glucose variability ; ETDRS classification ; biomarkers ; phenotypes ; anti-vascular endothelial growth factor ; diabetic retinopathy severity scale ; panretinal leakage index ; neovascular age-related macular degeneration ; anti-VEGF therapy ; retinal thickness ; visual acuity ; variability ; leakage index ; microaneurysms ; intravitreal aflibercept ; neovascularization ; ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography ; retinal imaging ; quantitative biomarkers ; precision medicine ; autoantibodies ; AT1-receptor ; PAR1 ; VEGF-A ; VEGF-B ; VEGF-receptor 2 ; AMD ; complement system ; semi-quantitative multiplex profilin ; mass spectrometry ; C4 ; vitronectin ; factor I ; genetic variants ; metabolites ; HDL ; central area thickness ; biomarker ; microRNA ; anti-VEGF ; retina ; edema ; OCT ; tomography ; microphysiological systems ; blood-neural barriers ; neurovascular unit ; disease modeling ; 3D models ; organ-on-a-chip ; inner blood-retinal barrier ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book, which is a reprint of articles published in the Special Issue "Advances in Hydrogen Energy" in Energies, seeks to contribute to disseminating the most recent advancements in the field of hydrogen energy. It does so by presenting scientific works from around the world covering both modeling and experimental analysis. The focus is placed on research covering all aspects of the hydrogen energy, from production to storage and final use, including the development of other easy to transport and versatile hydrogen-based energy carriers via the power-to-x (PtX) route, such as ammonia and methanol.Hydrogen energy research and development has attracted growing attention as one of the key solutions for clean future energy systems. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, governments across the world are developing ambitious policies to support hydrogen technology, and an increasing level of funding has been allocated for projects of research, development, and demonstration of these technologies. At the same time, the private sector is capitalizing on the opportunity with larger investments in hydrogen technology solutions.While intense research activities have been dedicated to this field, several issues require further research prior to achieving full commercialization of hydrogen technology solutions. This book addresses some of these issues by presenting detailed models to optimize design strategies and operating conditions for the entire hydrogen value chain, covering production via electrolysis, storage and use in different types of fuel cells and in different forms of energy carriers.
    Keywords: methanol steam reforming ; hydrogen production ; exhaust waste heat ; rib microreactor ; air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cells ; adiabatic fuel cell temperature ; thermodynamic analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cells ; ammonia ; hydrogen ; production ; storage ; utilization ; CO2 free ; hydrogen storage ; hydrogen compression ; non-mechanical compressors ; electrochemical compressors ; activated carbons ; computational analysis ; high-pressure methanol steam reformer ; phase change heat transfer ; high pressure steam condensation ; high temperature PEM ; fuel cell ; electro-osmotic drag ; polymer electrolyte membrane ; proton exchange membrane fuel cells ; proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells ; membrane water transport ; elementary reactions steps ; rate-determining step ; solid oxide electrolysis cell ; multi-physics ; optimal rib/pitch ratio ; parameters sensitivity ; analytical expression ; SOFC ; system ; model ; stack test ; hydrogen systems ; cryogenics ; vortex tubes ; computational fluid dynamics ; low melting metal ; Al-based alloy ; metal smelting ; fuel cells ; hydrogen hybrid energy system ; thermography ; CFD modeling ; heat transfer ; optimization ; PEM ; fault ; diagnosis ; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ; distribution of relaxation times ; reformate ; proton exchange membrane fuel cell ; gas diffusion layer ; microscopic porous layer ; fracture ; two phase flow ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: It is widely believed that a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions originated anthropogenically from the use of fossil fuels with additional contributions coming from manufactured materials, deforestation, soil erosion, and agriculture (including livestock). The global society actively supports measures to create a flexible and low-carbon energy economy to attenuate climate change and its devastating environmental consequences. In this Special Issue, the recent advancements in the next-generation thermochemical conversion processes for solid fuels and renewable energies (e.g., the operational flexibility of co-combustion of biomass and lignite, integrated solar combined cycle power plants, and advanced gasification systems such as the sorption-enhanced gasification and the chemical looping gasification) were shown.
    Keywords: hydrochar ; hydrothermal carbonization ; biogas upgrading ; CO2 capture ; pressure swing adsorption ; gasification ; kinetic model ; conversion model ; reaction model ; low-rank coal ; tar absorption ; process simulation ; validation study ; sensitivity analyses ; lignite ; lignite gasification ; fluidized-bed gasifier ; olivine ; solar cooling ; solar cooling system ; TRNSYS ; absorption chiller ; performance and analysis ; solar energy ; chemical looping ; biomass gasification ; process control ; CO2 absorption ; experimental study ; energy analysis ; exergy analysis ; CSP ; PTC ; ISCC ; power plant ; CFB combustion ; operational flexibility ; load transients ; fluctuating electricity generation ; renewables ; one-dimensional SEG model ; dual fluidized bed ; sorbent deactivation ; hydrodynamics ; kinetics ; fuel feeding rate ; biomass ; thermochemical conversion technologies ; combustion ; carbon capture and storage/utilization ; solar-driven air-conditioning ; integrated solar combined cycle ; energy and exergy analyses ; thermodynamic modeling ; dynamic process simulation ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book entitled "Feature Papers in Electronic Materials Section" is a collection of selected papers recently published on the journal Materials, focusing on the latest advances in electronic materials and devices in different fields (e.g., power- and high-frequency electronics, optoelectronic devices, detectors, etc.). In the first part of the book, many articles are dedicated to wide band gap semiconductors (e.g., SiC, GaN, Ga2O3, diamond), focusing on the current relevant materials and devices technology issues. The second part of the book is a miscellaneous of other electronics materials for various applications, including two-dimensional materials for optoelectronic and high-frequency devices. Finally, some recent advances in materials and flexible sensors for bioelectronics and medical applications are presented at the end of the book.
    Keywords: vertical GaN ; quasi-vertical GaN ; reliability ; trapping ; degradation ; MOS ; trench MOS ; threshold voltage ; nanomanufacturing ; high-throughput method ; material printing ; flexible bioelectronics ; nanomembrane ; hybrid integration ; GaAs ; InGaAs channel ; epitaxial lift-off ; HEMT ; van der Waals ; 3C-SiC ; stacking faults ; doping ; KOH etching ; silicon carbide ; radiation hardness ; proton and electron irradiation ; charge removal rate ; compensation ; irradiation temperature ; heteroepitaxy ; bulk growth ; compliant substrates ; defects ; stress ; cubic silicon carbide ; power electronics ; thin film ; iron-based superconductor ; pulsed laser deposition ; transmission electron microscopy ; diamond ; MPCVD growth ; electron microscopy ; chemical vapour deposition ; 2D materials ; MoS2 ; silica point defects ; optical fibers ; radiation effects ; 4H-SiC ; ohmic contact ; SIMS ; Ti3SiC2 ; simulation ; Schottky barrier ; Schottky diodes ; electrical characterization ; graphene absorption ; Fabry–Perot filter ; radio frequency sputtering ; CVD graphene ; GaN ; thermal management ; GaN-on-diamond ; CVD ; arrhythmia detection ; cardiovascular monitoring ; soft biosensors ; wearable sensors ; flexible electronics ; gate dielectric ; aluminum oxide ; interface ; traps ; instability ; insulators ; binary oxides ; high-κ dielectrics ; wide band gap semiconductors ; energy electronics ; ultra-wide bandgap ; diodes ; transistors ; gallium oxide ; Ga2O3 ; spinel ; ZnGa2O4 ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This reprint includes 22 research papers and an editorial, collected from the Special Issue "Modelling, Monitoring, Control and Optimization for Complex Industrial Processes", highlighting recent research advances and emerging research directions in complex industrial processes. This reprint aims to promote the research field and benefit the readers from both academic communities and industrial sectors.
    Keywords: open-die forging ; reinforcement learning ; double deep Q-learning ; process design ; process optimization ; RTO ; data reconciliation ; natural gas processing ; economic evaluation ; sequential-modular approach ; electric vehicle ; charging station ; photovoltaic ; maximum power point tracking ; data-driven ; state prediction ; fault classification ; multi-agent system ; parameter acquisition ; mechanism model ; forging machine ; continuous stirring reactors ; fault detection ; T-S fuzzy model ; channel fading ; performance optimization ; steam generator level control ; knowledge-informed simplex search method ; historical iteration information ; iteration termination control ; TLSCA-SVM ; optimization method ; fault diagnosis ; transfer learning ; porous structure ; finite element analysis ; CAD ; centroidal Voronoi diagram ; block cutting ; data reconstruction ; convex polyhedron (CPH) ; convex polygon (CPG) ; path optimization ; average material removal rate (AMRR) ; permanent magnet synchronous motor ; characteristic model ; linear golden-section adaptive control ; model-based design ; dividing-wall distillation column ; genetic algorithm ; temperature inferential control ; temperature difference ; quality estimator ; discrete element method ; particle modelling ; multi-sphere method ; simulation analysis ; anti-corrosion pill particle ; leakage current ; common-mode voltage ; model predictive control ; transformerless inverter ; H8 ; weak grid ; hyperchaotic complex system ; tracking control ; fractional order ; mathematical modeling ; production scheduling ; advanced optimization methodologies ; modeling of industrial processes ; VSM ; durability ; logistics 4.0 ; methodology ; automobile ; wiring ; wind farms ; inspection ; path planning ; chaotic neural network ; time delay ; bidirectional free-riding ; differential game ; bilateral cost-sharing decisions ; artificial intelligence (AI) ; music generation ; natural language processing ; transformer ; GANs ; green growth ; influencing factor ; factor identification ; DEMATEL method ; manufacturing enterprises ; resilient dynamically triggering controller (DTRC) ; dynamically triggering mechanisms (DTMs) ; denial-of-service (DoS) ; networked nonlinear systems (NNSs) ; resilient dynamically event-triggering (RDET) ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Whether U.S. terrorism-prevention efforts match the threat continues to be central in policy debate. Part of this debate is whether the United States needs a dedicated domestic counterterrorism intelligence agency. This book examines such an agency's possible capability, comparing its potential effectiveness with that of current efforts, and its acceptability to the public, as well as various balances and trade-offs involved.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Technology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPW Political activism / Political engagement::JPWL Terrorism, armed struggle ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The aim of this Special Issue is to explore new advanced solutions in electronic systems and interfaces to be employed in sensors, describing best practices, implementations, and applications. The selected papers in particular concern photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) interfaces and applications, techniques for monitoring radiation levels, electronics for biomedical applications, design and applications of time-to-digital converters, interfaces for image sensors, and general-purpose theory and topologies for electronic interfaces.
    Keywords: CMOS image sensor ; linearity ; adaptive nonlinear ramp ; fully differential pipeline ; double auto-zeroing ; high framerate ; fixed pattern noise ; floating diffusion ; readout scheme ; ramp generator circuit ; ultrasound ; PMUT ; high-voltage (HV) transmitter ; low-voltage receiver (RX) amplifier ; ultrasound application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) ; monolithical integration ; CMOS ; MEMS ; electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) ; time-to-digital converter (TDC) ; time interpolator ; phase ; polar demodulator ; quantization ; reconfigurability ; current mode ; sensor interface ; silicon photomultiplier ; transimpedance amplifier ; voltage current conveyor ; field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) ; non-uniform multiphase (NUMP) method ; temperature correction ; radiation sensor interface ; silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) ; mobile dosimeter ; analog-to-digital converter (ADC) ; magnetic bioreactor ; magnetoactive scaffolds ; tissue engineering ; magnetic actuator ; magnetoelectric stimulation ; selectable gain amplifier ; resistive-sensor ; current divider ; current reference ; front-end electronics ; single-photon response ; timing accuracy ; ultrasonic gas flowmeter ; the principle of time-difference method ; data filtering ; low-power measurement ; auto-balancing bridge method ; FIR filter ; FPGA ; impedance ; inductive-loop sensor ; multifrequency ; vehicle magnetic profile ; vector voltmeter ; signal processing ; background radiation monitoring system ; Atmel AVR ATmega328 microcontroller (MC) ; Geiger-Mueller counter ; Petri net model ; fifth-order low-pass filter ; operational transconductance amplifier ; multiple-input bulk-driven technique ; subthreshold region ; nanopower ; temperature compensation ; hysteresis ; quartz flexible accelerometer ; aerial inertial navigation system ; thermal effect ; creep effect ; electronic nose ; convolutional neural network ; component analysis ; xenon TPC ; trigger concepts ; data acquisition circuits ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: After almost two decades of continuous development in bio, circular, and green economy, the time is ripe for the assessment of the major achievements and challenges that private and public enterprises face today to further enhance these global sustainability concepts. Due to the central role of political incentives for the development and implementation of environmentally friendly and sustainable practices, the present book project focuses on the nexus between public policies, institutions, quality of public sector management, and patterns of interaction between government and private businesses in backing bio, green, and circular economy practices and eco-innovation. In addition, the project also accommodates surveys that elaborate on the differences between the implementation of new organizational forms and scientific innovations in technologically advanced and developing settings.
    Keywords: energy demand ; renewable energy ; biomass ; energy policies ; organizational factors ; healthcare waste management practices ; public hospitals ; Libya ; consumers ; cluster analysis ; sustainable consumption ; mass media ; social media ; green hydrogen ; green hydrogen value chain ; developing countries ; renewable energy sources ; hydrogen strategy ; scaling ; upscaling ; scaling innovation ; innovation diffusion ; innovation ; systematic literature review ; garbage sorting ; urban garbage disposal ; rural garbage disposal ; willingness ; family life ; neighbourhood ; COVID-19 ; Pakistan economy ; economic scale ; Keynesian theory ; mitigation ; economic revival measures ; innovations ; renewable power ; rebound effect ; low-carbon economy ; carbon pricing policy ; border carbon tax ; Sino–US trade friction ; export grab effect ; firm innovation ; GDP prediction ; feature selection ; deep learning ; temporal convolutional network ; organizational sustainability ; social and economic sustainability ; knowledge sharing ; organizational agility ; organizational behavior ; sustainable organizations ; economic sustainability ; consumer experience ; sustainable commerce ; online consumer behaviour ; e-commerce platform ; online purchase intention ; online customer engagement ; energy security ; energy policy ; energy resources ; sustainability ; bibliometrics ; circular business model ; open business model ; sharing economy ; circular economy ; peer-to-peer ; electricity trading ; green product ; green consumer behavior ; environmental responsibility ; environmental concern ; green purchasing decisions ; green business ; consumption dimension ; production dimension ; financial dimension ; technological dimension ; fundraising campaigns ; social networking sites ; NPO ; humanitarian response ; Kuwait ; Bahrain ; Guatemala ; forest ; property rights ; community concession ; entrepreneurship ; forest sustainability ; economic development ; free-market environmentalism ; Latin America ; consumption coupons ; purchase probability ; inventory optimization ; minimum-cost maximum-flow ; bioeconomy ; green growth ; eco-innovation ; environmental Kuznets curve ; EKC ; environmental economics and policy ; ecological economics ; resource management ; sustainable development ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent decades, the environmental impact of organic pollutants, especially persistent and emerging organic pollutants, has attracted widespread attention, and related research has been rapidly developed. Organic pollutants represent a popular topic of research in the environmental field. Large amounts of organic pollutants, which are widely distributed in air, water, sediment, soil, and other environmental media, are created via industrial production and other human activities. A series of research projects have been carried out regarding the development of analytical methods for organic pollutants, the distribution of environmental media, environmental concentration, environmental fate, the exploration of new pollutants, and the non-target analysis of organic pollutants.
    Keywords: regulated e-waste recycling ; polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) ; heavy metals ; environmental media ; vegetable ; risks ; cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) ; heart failure ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ; trace elements ; serum ; polyhaloaromatic compounds ; chemiluminescence ; analytical method ; Fenton system ; hydroxyl radicals ; bisphenol analogues ; zebrafish ; joint toxicity ; gene expression ; online monitoring ; diagnosis ; PCDD/F ; incineration ; feedback control ; volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ; reference materials (RMs) ; quality control (QC) ; water analysis ; resin ; adsorption ; pore size distribution ; chemical modification ; water treatment ; PCNs ; spatial distribution ; congener ; environmental risk ; sediment ; VOCs ; distribution ; risk assessment ; chemical industrial park ; phthalate ; dietary intake ; DEHP ; DBP ; DIBP ; bottled drink ; PFASs ; QSAR–ICE–SSD ; electroplating industry ; ecological risk assessment ; PAHs ; historical trends ; shallow lake ; economic parameters ; sources ; sediment core ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; HBCD ; EPS ; XPS ; POPs ; tetrabromobisphenol A ; Xenopus laevis ; brain development ; thyroid hormone ; biphasic concentration-response ; composting ; turning frequency ; ammonia oxidizing bacterial ; ammonia oxidizing archaeal ; N fractions ; ammonia emission ; screening assay ; thibz gene ; multiwell plate ; biomass combustion ; CHP plant ; renewable energies ; emission ; organic pollutants ; bisphenol analogs ; oxidative stress ; dechlorane plus ; maternal blood ; sequential samples ; variation ; correlation ; bisphenol A ; emissions ; polypropylene ; bottom sediments ; environmental monitoring ; Odra River estuary ; organotin compounds ; trueness ; verification ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The need for energy is increasing and at the same time production from the conventional reservoirs is declining quickly. This requires an economically and technically feasible source of energy for the coming years. Among some alternative future energy solutions the most approachable source is from unconventional reservoirs. As the name “unconventional” implies it requires different and challenging approach to characterize and to develop such a resource. This special issue covers some of the technical challenges for developing unconventional energy sources from shale gas/oil, tight gas sand, and coalbed methane.
    Keywords: bedding fractures ; failure criterion ; lamina ; tight oil ; tight sandstone ; finite element simulation ; numerical simulation ; unconventional reservoir ; permeability ; group method of data handling ; artificial neural network ; well logs ; sensitivity analysis ; tight gas reservoir ; multi-fractured horizontal well (MFHW) ; unstable productivity model ; productivity forecast ; influencing factor analysis ; horizontal well with multiple finite-conductivity fractures ; elliptical-shaped drainage ; productivity index ; non-Darcy flow ; pressure-dependent conductivity ; reservoir properties ; void space structure ; porosity ; complex rocks ; NMR ; MICP ; CT ; SEM ; coal-bearing tight sandstone ; organic-rich clasts ; occurrence ; classifications ; formation mechanisms ; Ordos Basin ; hydraulic fracturing ; fracturing fluids ; fluids-rock interaction ; environmental implication ; history matching ; semianalytic model ; unconventional gas reservoirs ; multistage fractured horizontal wells ; fractal theory ; pore structure ; heterogeneity ; NMR measurements ; multifractal analysis ; shale reservoir ; elastic properties ; brittleness ; rock physics ; brittle spot identification ; shale gas ; reservoir characteristics ; gas content ; eastern Sichuan Basin ; the Da’anzhai member ; pulse decay method ; gas adsorption ; dual media ; unconventional core ; natural fracture ; influencing factor ; oil production ; carbonate rock ; basement reservoir ; Jizhong Sub-basin ; dynamic pore network modeling ; shale reservoirs ; water imbibition ; discrete element method ; modified fluid-mechanical coupling algorithm ; injection sequence ; well spacing ; stress shadow effect ; seismic location ; microseismic events ; waveform stacking ; induced seismicity ; CBM ; surfactant ; solid-free drilling fluid ; CBM reservoir wettability ; machine learning ; lithofacies ; umiat ; Alaska ; proppant transportation ; cross fractures ; CFD simulation ; dimensional analysis ; equilibrium proppant height ; coalbed methane ; Lattice Boltzmann method ; gas diffusion ; adsorption–desorption ; pore-scale ; clay minerals ; pore structures ; tight gas reservoirs ; Xujiaweizi Rift ; Northern Songliao Basin ; methane adsorption isotherm ; coal properties ; gradient boosting decision tree ; estimation model ; shale gas reservoir ; geology ; Gibbs excess adsorption ; supercritical adsorption ; gas viscosity ; high voltage spark discharge ; electrohydraulic effect ; electrical conductivity ; drilling ; rock damage ; pressure waves ; water fracturing ; turbulence effect ; Eulerian multiphase modeling ; proppant transport mechanism ; equilibrium height prediction model ; adaptive filtering ; complex noise canceling ; electromagnetic telemetry ; multifractured horizontal wells ; production analysis ; irregular stimulated region ; natural gas hydrate ; seismic modeling ; fractional derivatives ; gas geochemical characteristics ; noble gas ; shale gas evolution ; Large Igneous Province (LIP) ; gas loss ; geological structure ; gas controlling pattern ; neutral surface ; tectonic movement ; Bumu region ; seismic interpretation ; depositional environments characteristics ; Wheeler diagram ; seismic attributes ; heterogeneous sequence ; sample size ; neutron scattering ; mercury injection capillary pressure ; adsorption ; shale ; junggar basin ; hong-che fault zone ; carboniferous ; volcanic reservoir ; main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation ; fracture ; vug ; micro CT ; carbonate ; wave velocity ; amorphous SiO2 ; X-ray diffraction ; X-ray fluorescence spectrometry ; scanning electron microscope ; quantitative analysis ; void ratio ; FEM ; ABAQUS ; matrix porosity ; kerogen porosity ; water saturation ; gas hydrate ; saturation ; deep learning ; recurrent neural network ; molecular simulation ; enhanced oil recovery ; methane ; shale petroleum ; technological development ; patent ; network analysis ; imbibition ; osmosis ; unconventional formations ; EOR ; water flooding ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Hydropower is an essential part of the renewable energy sector. High efficiency, immediate availability, and safe operation of hydroelectric power plants are the three key issues in recent developments in the hydropower sector. This book brings together the latest achievements addressing these key factors. In addition, one contribution deals with the alternative harvesting of hydro energy from pivoted cylinders by generating flow-induced vibrations, which are unwanted phenomena in classical pump–turbine units.
    Keywords: annular seal ; CFD ; dynamic coefficients ; fluid forces ; nonlinear dynamic model ; static eccentricity ; reversible hydraulic machines ; penstocks ; pressure pipelines ; performance tests ; flow rate measurements ; volumetric gauging method ; pressure-time method ; water-hammer ; pump-turbine ; flow patterns ; pressure pulsations ; similarities ; differences ; S-shaped characteristics ; runaway transient process ; VIV ; FIV ; renewable energy ; pivoted cylinder ; cross section ; geometry ; pump as turbine (PAT) ; Francis turbine ; calculation model ; efficiency ; hydropower ; computational fluid dynamics ; hydraulic efficiency ; Gibson method ; manifolds ; turbine ; thermodynamic method ; air cushion surge tank (ACST) ; air friction model ; flexible hydro power plants ; mechanistic model ; OpenHPL ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue (SI) on “Land Degradation Assessment with Earth Observation” comprises 17 original research papers with a focus on land degradation in arid, semiarid and dry-subhumid areas (i.e., desertification) in addition to temperate rangelands, grasslands, woodlands and the humid tropics. The studies cover different spatial, spectral and temporal scales and employ a wealth of different optical and radar sensors. Some studies incorporate time-series analysis techniques that assess the general trend of vegetation or the timing and duration of the reduction in biological productivity caused by land degradation. As anticipated from the latest trend in Earth Observation (EO) literature, some studies utilize the cloud-computing infrastructure of Google Earth Engine to cope with the unprecedented volume of data involved in current methodological approaches. This SI clearly demonstrates the ever-increasing relevance of EO technologies when it comes to assessing and monitoring land degradation. With the recently published IPCC Reports informing us of the severe impacts and risks to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems and the ecosystem services they provide, the EO scientific community has a clear obligation to increase its efforts to address any remaining gaps—some of which have been identified in this SI—and produce highly accurate and relevant land-degradation assessment and monitoring tools.
    Keywords: bfast ; Mann–Kendall ; Sen’s slope ; East Africa ; NDVI ; breakpoint analysis ; vegetation trends ; greening ; browning ; Kenya ; Uganda ; trend analysis ; land use ; land cover ; spatial heterogeneity ; mining development ; geographically weighted regression (GWR) ; Mann-Kendall ; arid and semi-arid areas ; salinization ; irrigated systems ; Niger River basin ; salinity index ; vegetation index ; TI-NDVI ; Sentinel-2 images ; high temporal resolution ; wind erosion modeling ; RWEQ ; GEE ; central Asia ; spatial-temporal variation ; land degradation ; archetypes ; self-organizing maps ; drivers ; savannah ; Nigeria ; reference levels ; REDD+ ; greenhouse gas emissions ; Xishuangbanna ; monitoring and reporting ; Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) ; Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) ; drought ; land use-land cover ; remote sensing ; Botswana ; developing countries ; Google Earth Engine ; Landsat time series analysis ; semi-arid areas ; sustainable land management programmes ; precipitation ; breakpoints and timeseries analysis ; ecosystem structural change ; BFAST ; land degradation neutrality ; SDG ; land productivity ; Landsat ; vegetation-precipitation relationship ; soil organic carbon ; Kobresia pygmaea community ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; Gaofen satellite ; spatial distribution ; aridity index ; satellite-based aridity index ; remote sensing index ; salinized land degradation index (SDI) ; Amu Darya delta (ADD) ; satellite imagery ; gully mapping ; machine learning ; random forest ; support vector machines ; South Africa ; semi-arid environment ; shrub encroachment ; slangbos ; Earth observation ; time series ; Sentinel-1 ; Sentinel-2 ; Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) ; Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) ; Kyrgyzstan ; pastures ; MODIS ; land surface phenology ; drought impacts ; drought adaptation ; drought index ; vegetation resilience ; drought vulnerability ; standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index ; AVHRR ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 85
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Micro/nanofluidic chips have found increasing applications in the analysis of chemical and biological samples over the past two decades. Electrokinetics has become the method of choice in these micro/nano-chips for transporting, manipulating and sensing ions, (bio)molecules, fluids and (bio)particles, etc., due to the high maneuverability, scalability, sensitivity, and integrability. The involved phenomena, which cover electroosmosis, electrophoresis, dielectrophoresis, electrohydrodynamics, electrothermal flow, diffusioosmosis, diffusiophoresis, streaming potential, current, etc., arise from either the inherent or the induced surface charge on the solid-liquid interface under DC and/or AC electric fields. To review the state-of-the-art of micro/nanochip electrokinetics, we welcome, in this Special Issue of Micromachines, all original research or review articles on the fundamentals and applications of the variety of electrokinetic phenomena in both microfluidic and nanofluidic devices.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; micro/nanofluidics ; streaming potential/current ; electrical sensing ; electrokinetics ; diffusioosmosis ; dielectrophoresis ; electroosmosis ; electrophoresis ; diffusiophoresis ; induced charge electrokinetics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 86
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Today, modern Geotechnical Engineers, who in the past would have considered the phenomena occurring in the (primarily soil) environment, are faced with developments in environmental sciences that are becoming increasingly more detailed and sophisticated, with the natural phenomena and processes surrounding the civil engineering infrastructure being modeled, designed, monitored, and assessed in a more holistic way. This book brings together the state of the art in geotechnics with a focus on sustainable design, resilience, construction, and monitoring of the performance of geotechnical assets from ground investigations, through foundation and drainage design to soil stabilization and reinforcement. Engineers and scientists working in the fields of green infrastructure, nature-based solutions, sustainable drainage, eco-engineering, hydro-geology, landscape planning, plant science, environmental biology or bio-chemistry, earth sciences, GIS, and remote sensing are represented here by articles that show significant geotechnical components or applications. Case studies showcasing the application of the sustainable development principles (e.g., reuse, recycle, reduce; stakeholder engagement; public health; UN Global Sustainability Goals) in Geotechnics are also included in this book.
    Keywords: machine learning ; random forest ; particle swarm optimization ; Vietnam ; Seepage ; Earth-fill dam ; Experimental analysis ; Numerical analysis ; SEEP/W model ; Dam safety and sustainability ; highway construction ; environmental protection ; soil loss ; erosion control ; risk ; hazard ; vulnerability ; landslides ; multicriteria assessment ; analytical hierarchy process ; calcium sulfoaluminate cement ; stabilized soil ; unconfined compressive strength ; hydration products ; microstructure ; sustainability ; geosynthetics ; poly(lactic acid) ; biopolymers ; geogrids ; tensile strength ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 87
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Twelve edited original papers on the latest and state-of-art results of topics ranging from calibration, validation, and science to a wide range of applications using ALOS-2/PALSAR-2. We hope you will find them useful for your future research.
    Keywords: Sentinel-1 ; ALOS/PALSAR-2 ; land subsidence ; accuracy assessment ; Alexandria City ; Egypt ; local climate zone ; random forest ; feature importance ; land surface temperature ; grid cells ; Sentinel-2 ; PALSAR-2 ; ASTER ; soil moisture ; ALOS-2 ; GA-BP ; water cloud model ; L-band ; SAR ; backscattering ; soil moisture content ; LAI ; HH and HV polarization ; flood ; NoBADI ; Florida ; Hurricane Irma ; synthetic aperture radar ; polarimetric radar ; co-polarized phase difference ; radar scattering ; vegetation ; radar applications ; agriculture ; leaf area index ; leave-one-out cross-validation ; oil palm ; radar vegetation index ; vegetation descriptors ; ecosystem carbon cycle ; L-band SAR ; vegetation index ; random forest regression ; plantation ; permafrost ; InSAR ; Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ; ALOS ; thermal melting collapse ; Sentinel-1A ; SBAS-InSAR ; heavy forest area ; potential landslide identification ; SAR-based landslide detection ; Growing Split-Based Approach (GSBA) ; Hokkaido landslide ; Putanpunas landslide ; SAR polarimetry ; model-free 3-component decomposition for full polarimetric data (MF3CF) ; radar polarimetry ; calibration ; Faraday rotation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 88
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In the last decade, design and material innovations for manufacturing composites have reached new heights. Thermoplastic polymers and their composites have become the most in-demand materials in recent times as they provide numerous advantages over thermoset composites. Thermoplastic polymers have a high damage tolerance, high impact resistance, recyclability, formability, weldability, repairability, and cost-effectiveness compared with thermoset composites. Thermoplastic polymers and composites are widely used in automotive, aerospace, electrical and electronics, industrial, and medical applications. Thermoplastic composites are estimated to grow from USD 28.0 billion in 2019 to USD 36.0 billion by 2024. High-performance thermoplastic materials are used in conjunction with a multitude of manufacturing processes like injection moulding, thermoforming, prepreg, liquid injection processes, automated tape placement, filament winding, pultrusion, additive manufacturing, and other processes. The material limits, design, and assembly requirements, as well as the processing constraints, are significantly important for the realisation of novel product development using a manufacturing process by simultaneously optimising reliability, safety, and other performance-related issues. The current thermoplastic material systems and manufacturing techniques still have plenty of room for optimisation and advancement. This reprint presents the latest scientific and technical advances in thermoplastic materials and their composites, processing, characterisation, product development, and manufacturing process parameter optimisations.
    Keywords: thermoplastic composites ; automated tape placement ; fibre misalignment ; voids ; CT scan ; circular distribution ; textured surface ; scratch ; scratch resistance ; thermoplastic polymer ; finite element modelling ; antimicrobial ; metallic ions ; ligand ; copper nanoparticles ; polypropylene ; thermoplastic resin ; process modeling ; filament winding ; automated fiber placement ; EWF ; polymer-layered silicates ; oMMT ; clay minerals ; mechanical properties ; nanocomposite ; physio-thermo-mechanical properties ; polyurethane ; polymers ; bio-applications ; energetic binder ; block copolyurethane ; sensitivity ; mechanical property ; thermal behavior ; bone scaffold ; recycled bone powder ; chitosan ; PLA ; PCL ; antibacterial activity ; aircraft cabin interior panels ; optimal curing of prepregs ; foams ; non-structural composite panels ; thermoplastic starch ; nanocomposites ; biopolymers ; properties ; packaging ; nanofiller ; vacuum forming ; thermoplastic face sheets ; polyphenylene sulfone ; cardo fragments ; IR spectroscopy ; heat resistance ; thermostability ; FDM ; oil palm fiber ; ABS ; rheology ; 4D printing ; material programming ; digital fabrication ; shape-memory polymers ; PPS ; carbon nanotubes ; thermal analysis ; electrical properties ; rheological properties ; resin transfer molding ; non-crimp fabrics ; consolidation ; ultra-high molecular weight component ; rheological property ; crystallization behavior ; polyimide foam ; rigid closed-cell foam ; high temperature ; benzimidazole ; polyamide 12 ; carbon nanofiller ; carbon nanotube ; graphene nanoplatelet ; 3D printing ; thermal conductivity ; compound ; fluorinated aromatic polyimide ; low dielectric loss ; molecular chain orientation ; molecular dynamics simulation ; long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic ; fiber length ; fiber orientation ; injection molding ; hollow composite tubes ; bending ; failure mechanisms ; in situ consolidation ; void content ; processing parameters ; thermosetting resins ; thermoplastics ; co-bonding ; interphase ; diffusion ; adhesion ; phosphorescent composites ; compatibilizer ; thermal and mechanical ; composite ; thermoplastic ; thermoforming ; simulation ; Taguchi ; DOE ; oil palm fiber composites ; 3D composites ; thermoset ; off-axis flexure behaviour ; on-axis flexure behaviour ; hybrid fibers ; hybrid composites ; vacuum assisted resin infusion (VARI) ; fracture toughness ; fractography ; reinforcements ; thermal properties ; biobased polymer composites ; polymer modification ; PBAT ; starch ; microcrystalline cellulose ; biodegradable ; polyethylene glycol ; poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) ; supercritical CO2 ; foam ; thermoplastic matrix composites ; impregnation processes ; manufacturing ; fiber reinforced ; processing ; retrogradation ; extrusion ; co-plasticization ; isosorbide ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book focuses on advanced techniques to reduce the impact of the transport sector and, more specifically, of Spark-Ignition (SI) Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) on atmospheric air pollution and climate change. Hybrid vehicles represent the most suitable option for addressing these issues in the medium term, since hybridization allows us to overcome the major disadvantages of ICEs, electric units, and energy storage devices and merge their respective benefits. In this scenario, ICEs will remain the core component of automotive propulsion systems in the years to come. Of course, further efforts to improve the efficiency and reduce the pollutant and CO2 emissions of ICEs are necessary.
    Keywords: washcoat ; powder material bulk density ; coating ; backpressure ; PN filtration efficiency ; spark ignition engine ; combined method of power regulation ; fuel economy ; the idling mode ; switching off the cylinder group ; spark-ignition engine ; model predictive control ; electric pump ; engine thermal management ; Miller cycles ; early intake valve closing ; electro hydraulic valve train ; energy balance ; heat losses ; spark plug ; new design ; experimental analysis ; thermo-mechanical model ; Inconel 601 ; virtual engine calibration ; ultra-lean combustion ; hybrid vehicle ; 0D-1D engine modelling ; internal combustion engine ; combustion ; emission ; RANS simulation ; turbocharged gasoline engine ; port water injection ; predictive combustion model ; knock mitigation ; engine performance ; virtual test rig ; engine fan ; rotor blade ; electromagnetic scattering characteristic ; dynamic simulation ; grid transformation ; hybrid powertrain ; optimization strategy ; computational efficiency ; energy management ; biodiesel ; load ; heat loss ; cylinder pressure ; heat release rate ; python ; CFD ; cycle-to-cycle variations ; knock ; efficiency improvement ; CO2 emissions ; control ; adaptive strategy ; modeling ; transport ; engines ; diesel oil ; biocomponents ; environment ; sustainable development ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of testing of different materials and elements in civil engineering, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in concrete elements and structures, and acoustic methods predominate in this field. As in medicine, the trend is towards designing test equipment that allows one to obtain a picture of the inside of the tested element and materials. Interesting results with significance for building practices were obtained.
    Keywords: rock bolt ; grouting quality ; dynamic response ; natural frequency ; finite element method ; monitoring ; historical masonry wall ; hygrothermal processes ; internal insulation ; testing of building materials ; test uncertainty ; validation of test methods ; sustainable test methods ; recycling ; foamed asphalt mixtures with cement (FAC) ; base layer ; reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) ; fatigue durability ; GFRP ; FRP reinforcement ; shear ; capacity ; reinforced concrete beams ; column ; stiffness ; FRCM ; PBO mesh ; PBO–FRCM ; carpentry joints ; scarf and splice joints ; stop-splayed scarf joints (‘bolt of lightning’) ; static behaviour ; experimental research ; concrete ; non-destructive testing ; ultrasounds ; ultrasonic tomography ; acoustic methods ; defects ; diagnostic ; detection ; convolutional neural networks ; transfer learning ; monitoring FBG ; power transmission tower ; civil engineering ; X-ray microtomography ; microstructure characteristics ; infiltration damage ; high-strength concrete ; steel fibres ; flexural tensile strength ; fracture energy ; numerical analysis ; concrete floors ; compressive strength ; strength distribution ; industrial floors ; ultrasound tests ; ventilated facades ; large-scale facade model ; fire safety ; fiber cement board ; large-slab ceramic tile ; plasterboards ; moisture content ; hydration processes ; mechanical properties ; ultrasound measurements ; ESD resin ; expansion joint ; quasi-plastic material ; energy absorption ; asphalt mix ; compaction index ; volumetric parameters ; stiffness modulus ; moisture resistance ; roughness ; texture ; close-range photogrammetry ; bond strength ; random field generation ; semivariograms ; hybrid truss bridge ; steel–concrete connection joint ; mechanical behavior ; failure mode ; strain ; static test ; static elastic modulus ; dynamic elastic modulus ; machine learning ; P-wave ; S-wave ; resonance frequency test ; nondestructive method ; Al–Ti laminate ; fracture ; acoustic emission diagnostic ; pattern recognition ; clustering AE signal ; storage systems ; tab connector ; flexural test ; capable design moment ; restrained ring test ; autogenous shrinkage cracking ; concrete cracking test ; concrete shrinkage cracking test ; restrined ring calibration ; cement–fiber boards ; acoustic emission method ; k-means algorithm ; wavelet analysis ; fiber composites ; ground penetrating radar (GPR) ; HMA dielectric constant ; road pavement thickness estimation ; early age concrete ; damage processes detection before loading ; strength of structures ; aggregate ; classification ; wire mesh ; roundness ; tilting angle ; opening size ; concrete centrifugation ; morphology ; image processing ; porosity ; cement ; waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) ; controlled low-strength material (CLSM) ; unconfined compressive strength ; bearing capacity ; backfill material ; P-wave velocity ; amplitude attenuation ; resistivity ; CT scan ; sandstone ; damage variable ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; spin-lattice relaxometry ; proton ; hydration kinetics ; superplasticizer ; ready-mixed concrete ; construction material ; quality assessment ; conformity criteria ; statistical-fuzzy method ; FRTP ; rivet ; connection ; polyethylene pipe ; mechanical properties of polyethylene ; resistance strain ; computer simulation ; residual shear stress ; particle crushing ; ring shear test ; particle flow code (PFC2D) ; frictional work ; fibre-reinforced concrete ; recycled steel fibres ; micro-computed tomography ; scanning electron microscopy ; tensile strength ; reinforced concrete ; diagnostic testing ; corrosion ; carbonation ; galvanostatic pulse method ; phase composition analysis ; X-ray analysis ; thermal analysis ; quasi-brittle cement composites ; low-module polypropylene fibres ; elastic range ; digital image correlation ; Arcan shear test ; wood ; orthotropic shear modulus ; elastic-plastic material ; shear wave velocity ; sand ; bender elements test ; grain-size characteristics ; complex modulus ; shrinkage analysis ; reclaimed asphalt ; mineral–cement emulsion mixtures ; cement dusty by-products (UCPPs) ; degradation of glass panels ; effective area ratio ; relative mass loss ; visible light transmittance ; windblown sand ; wood-plastic composites ; methods of testing resistance to fungi ; methods of assessment ; ground-penetrating radar (GPR) ; non-destructive techniques (NDT) ; corrosion of reinforcement ; slip resistance ; granite floor ; slip resistance value ; ramp test ; acceptance angle ; sliding friction coefficient ; comparability of test methods ; wall temperature ; fibre bragg grating sensors ; freeze-thaw cycles ; signal analysis ; short-time Fourier transform ; fast Fourier transform ; brine ; sodium chloride ; X-ray ; partition walls ; brick walls ; bending strength ; cracking ; post-tension ; cable ; girder ; destructive test ; non-destructive test ; structural health monitoring ; safety ; monitoring fibre Bragg grating ; mining areas ; strain/stress distribution ; geopolymer concrete ; fly-ash ; bottom-ash ; neural network ; sustainability ; industrial waste management ; flexural strength ; cladding ; AE acoustic emission ; micro-events ; sound spectrum ; traditional and quasi-brittle cement composites ; residual-state creep ; saturation front ; landslides ; erosional stability ; laboratory testing ; grout mixtures ; groundwater ; test apparatus ; testing ; building materials ; elements ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 91
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Agriculture requires technical solutions for increasing production while lessening environmental impact by reducing the application of agro-chemicals and increasing the use of environmentally friendly management practices. A benefit of this is the reduction of production costs. Sensor technologies produce tools to achieve the abovementioned goals. The explosive technological advances and developments in recent years have enormously facilitated the attainment of these objectives, removing many barriers for their implementation, including the reservations expressed by farmers. Precision agriculture and ‘smart farming’ are emerging areas where sensor-based technologies play an important role. Farmers, researchers, and technical manufacturers are joining their efforts to find efficient solutions, improvements in production, and reductions in costs. This book brings together recent research and developments concerning novel sensors and their applications in agriculture. Sensors in agriculture are based on the requirements of farmers, according to the farming operations that need to be addressed.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; optical sensor ; spectral analysis ; response surface sampling ; sensor evaluation ; electromagnetic induction ; multivariate water quality parameters ; mandarin orange ; crop inspection platform ; SPA-MLR ; object tracking ; feature selection ; simultaneous measurement ; diseases ; genetic algorithms ; processing of sensed data ; electrochemical sensors ; thermal image ; ECa-directed soil sampling ; handheld ; recognition patterns ; salt concentration ; clover-grass ; bovine embedded hardware ; weed control ; soil ; field crops ; vineyard ; connected dominating set ; water depth sensors ; SS-OCT ; wheat ; striped stem-borer ; silage ; geostatistics ; detection ; NIR hyperspectral imaging ; electronic nose ; machine learning ; virtual organizations of agents ; packing density ; data validation and calibration ; dataset ; Wi-SUN ; temperature sensors ; geoinformatics ; gas sensor ; X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy ; vegetable oil ; photograph-grid method ; Vitis vinifera ; WSN distribution algorithms ; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; irrigation ; quality assessment ; energy efficiency ; wireless sensor network (WSN) ; geo-information ; Fusarium ; texture features ; weeds ; discrimination ; big data ; soil moisture sensors ; meat spoilage ; land cover ; stereo imaging ; near infrared sensors ; biological sensing ; compound sensor ; pest management ; moisture ; plant localization ; heavy metal contamination ; artificial neural networks ; spectral pre-processing ; moisture content ; apparent soil electrical conductivity ; data fusion ; semi-arid regions ; smart irrigation ; back propagation model ; wireless sensor network ; energy balance ; light-beam ; fluorescent measurement ; agriculture ; precision agriculture ; deep learning ; spectroscopy ; hulled barely ; dielectric probe ; RPAS ; water supply network ; rice leaves ; mobile app ; gradient boosted machines ; hyperspectral camera ; one-class ; nitrogen ; LiDAR ; total carbon ; chemometrics analysis ; rice ; agricultural land ; on-line vis-NIR measurement ; CARS ; obstacle detection ; stratification ; neural networks ; regression estimator ; Kinect ; proximity sensing ; distributed systems ; pest ; noninvasive detection ; texture feature ; soil mapping ; classification ; soil salinity ; visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy ; germination ; computer vision ; hyperspectral imaging ; diffusion ; dielectric dispersion ; UAS ; random forests ; case studies ; total nitrogen ; thermal imaging ; cameras ; dry matter composition ; near-infrared ; salt tolerance ; deep convolutional neural networks ; soil type classification ; water management ; preprocessing methods ; wireless sensor networks (WSN) ; remote sensing image classification ; precision plant protection ; radar ; spatial variability ; GF-1 satellite ; plant disease ; naked barley ; leaf area index ; CIE-Lab ; change of support ; radiative transfer model ; 3D reconstruction ; plant phenotyping ; vine ; near infrared ; vegetation indices ; remote sensing ; greenhouse ; time-series data ; scattering ; sensor ; crop area ; speckle ; spatial data ; grapevine breeding ; wide field view ; partial least squares-discriminant analysis ; spiking ; area frame sampling ; chromium content ; machine-learning ; RGB-D sensor ; pest scouting ; PLS ; Capsicum annuum ; spatial-temporal model ; drying temperature ; boron tolerance ; ambient intelligence ; laser wavelength ; fuzzy logic ; dynamic weight ; landslide ; management zones ; real-time processing ; event detection ; crop monitoring ; apple shelf-life ; rice field monitoring ; wireless sensor ; birth sensor ; proximal sensor ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The use of telemedicine and mobile devices is growing, and sensors might aid in creating creative solutions. Developing these solutions is crucial for monitoring senior citizens, lifestyles, and medical procedures. This Special Issue’s goal was to bring together academics and professionals in healthcare and medicine interested in using information and communication technologies (ICT) to serve people with special needs. The development of assistive technology for various users to follow sports and other activities is strongly tied to this study area. Data protection is crucial, and the development of these solutions for medical uses should be verified. The security and privacy of the information may be tied to other recognized research projects for their acceptability. ICT research has considerably improved quality of life and has fully assimilated all citizens into society through medical rehabilitation and assistive technology. The technologies and research fields that influence medical informatics include databases, networking, graphical user interfaces, data mining, machine learning, intelligent decision support systems, and specialized programming languages. Because mobile devices are commonly used for several everyday chores and are equipped with sensors that monitor various physical and physiological indicators, it is crucial to encourage the development of m-Health and e-Health solutions for healthcare practitioners. In this area, several solutions are now being developed. In addition, they can collaborate with emerging technologies for social assistance while enhancing life quality.
    Keywords: data privacy ; taxonomy ; IoT ; COVID-19 ; mobile application ; accelerometer sensor ; stand-up time ; total time ; aging ; linear-map convolutional neural network ; direct acyclic graph ; action recognition ; spatial feature ; temporal feature ; frailty ; home monitoring ; user-centered design ; usability ; user experience ; acceptance ; activity recognition ; Internet of Things ; smart house ; deep learning ; channel state information ; glaucoma screening ; retinal images ; segmentation ; classification ; precision nutrition ; food plans ; machine learning ; food logging ; Eight Hop Test ; systematic review ; measurement ; sensors ; diseases ; wrist-wearable device ; PPG processing ; physiological parameters ; web-based applications ; data analysis ; elderly monitoring ; successful aging ; gerontechnology ; AAL ; healthcare ; prevalidation ; deployment ; chronic heart failure ; large-scale pilot ; H2020 ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science
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  • 93
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This overview of the most recent advances in the field of SMA research and applications in civil engineering aims to help remove the knowledge barriers across disciplines and sheds considerable light on the opportunity to commercialize SMA products in the construction industry.
    Keywords: seismic analysis ; rocking pier ; shape memory alloy ; ECC material ; bridge engineering ; television transmission tower ; seismic excitation ; shape memory alloy damper ; parametric study ; vibration control ; shape memory alloys ; engineered cementitious composites ; composites materials ; self-recovery capacity ; bending behavior ; machine learning ; artificial neural networks ; superelastic ; parameter identification ; constitutive model ; thermodynamic parameters ; shape memory alloy (SMA) ; self-centering SMA brace ; loading rate ; initial strain ; energy dissipation coefficient ; self-centering ; beam-column joints ; seismic performance ; iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) ; shape memory effect ; martensitic transformation ; prestressing ; low cycle fatigue ; seismic ; damping ; transmission tower ; wind excitation ; SMA damper ; energy response ; viscoelastic ; brace ; hybrid control ; seismic resilience ; self-centering rocking (SCR) piers ; seismic fragility ; resilience ; life-cycle loss ; ferrous shape memory alloys ; prestress ; recovery stress ; relaxation ; thermomechanical behavior ; fatigue ; active materials ; low-cost SMAs ; civil engineering applications ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials::TNKX Conservation of buildings and building materials
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book celebrates the life, work and influence of Professor Roger W.H. Sargent of Imperial College London. It does so through a range of original contributions that span the wide academic and industry interests of Professor Sargent. Roger Sargent passed away in late 2018, but his legacy lives on through his enormous academic tree, which traces to the early 1960s. That huge body of work has also had significant impacts on industrial practices. Roger was regarded as “the father of Process Systems Engineering (PSE)”. This area of Chemical Engineering continues to influence the modelling, design, control, optimization and integrated performance of industrial and related processes. This book highlights some of those impacts and the ongoing importance of PSE in helping to solve some of the grand challenges of our time.
    Keywords: input-output model ; fuzzy optimization ; process synthesis ; preliminary stage design ; process systems engineering ; energy systems engineering ; process design ; optimization ; nonlinear programming ; process monitoring ; nonlinear principal component analysis ; parallel neural networks ; autoassociative neural network ; big data ; process scheduling ; process system engineering ; mixed-integer programming ; scheduling ; process control ; integration ; distribution ; planning ; oil supply chain ; robust optimization ; uncertainty ; bio-jet diesel ; co-hydrotreating ; hydrodesulphurisation ; hydrodeoxigenation ; reactive distillation ; coproduction ; Lurgi syngas ; cryogenic separation ; methanol synthesis ; LNG ; symmetry ; quadratic optimization ; quadratically-constrained quadratic optimization ; process modeling ; mathematical programming ; MINLP ; generalized disjunctive programming ; design ; higher education ; curricula ; visualization ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 95
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Nowadays, forecast applications are receiving unprecedent attention thanks to their capability to improve the decision-making processes by providing useful indications. A large number of forecast approaches related to different forecast horizons and to the specific problem that have to be predicted have been proposed in recent scientific literature, from physical models to data-driven statistic and machine learning approaches. In this Special Issue, the most recent and high-quality researches about forecast are collected. A total of nine papers have been selected to represent a wide range of applications, from weather and environmental predictions to economic and management forecasts. Finally, some applications related to the forecasting of the different phases of COVID in Spain and the photovoltaic power production have been presented.
    Keywords: Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) ; IFS/ECMWF ; forecast ; evaluation ; DNI attenuation Index (DAI) ; bias correction ; nowcast ; meteorological radar data ; optical flow ; deep learning ; Bates–Granger weights ; uniform weights ; (REG) ARIMA ; ETS ; Hodrick–Prescott trend ; Google Trends indices ; Himalayan region ; streamflow forecast verification ; persistence ; snow-fed rivers ; intermittent rivers ; costumer relation management ; business to business sales prediction ; machine learning ; predictive modeling ; microsoft azure machine-learning service ; travel time forecasting ; time series ; bus service ; transit systems ; sustainable urban mobility plan ; bus travel time ; learning curve ; forecasting ; production cost ; cost estimating ; semi-empirical model ; logistic map ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; PV output power estimation ; PV-load decoupling ; behind-the-meter PV ; baseline prediction ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 96
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Climate change is becoming visible today, and so this book—through including innovative solutions and experimental research as well as state-of-the-art studies in challenging areas related to sustainable energy development based on hybrid energy systems that combine renewable energy systems with fuel cells—represents a useful resource for researchers in these fields. In this context, hydrogen fuel cell technology is one of the alternative solutions for the development of future clean energy systems. As this book presents the latest solutions, readers working in research areas related to the above are invited to read it.
    Keywords: fuel cell powered vehicle ; medium- and heavy-duty trucks ; component sizing ; ownership cost ; optimization ; hybrid power systems ; renewable energy sources ; fuel cell systems ; required-power-following control ; fuel economy ; permanent magnet synchronous generator ; fault ride-through ; interval type-2 fuzzy logic system ; wind energy conversion ; proton exchange membrane fuel cell ; hydrogen economy ; fueling flows control ; global extremum seeking ; load following ; matlab ; simulink ; real-time capability ; dynamic fuel cell model ; electricity distribution networks ; optimal capacitor allocation ; Genetic Algorithm ; Particle Swarm Optimization ; Bat Algorithm ; Whale Algorithm ; Sperm-Whale Algorithm ; alternative energy ; energy efficiency ; fuel cell ; hydrogen energy ; stationary application ; electrical vehicle ; AC charging station in mode 3 ; PLC ; steam methane reforming ; steam methanol reforming ; electrical efficiency ; exergy efficiency ; LNG ; Stirling engine ; solar concentrator ; automation system ; human–machine interface ; sensors ; direct methanol fuel cell ; multi stacks ; portable power ; energy management system ; Internet of Things ; long-term ; in-field test ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 97
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: We know that sustainability has become an important topic in every aspect of life. The textile, fashion, and material industries must also be sustainable, which could be imparted in their development, production, or even marketing. The textile industry has a huge market, as clothing is arguably the most important human need after food. Recently, this industry has been labeled as a polluting industry, a label that could be overcome by the proper development of textile goods and careful marketing strategies. There are specific roles that government, entrepreneurs, and even universities can play in properly educating people to make the textile industry cleaner and greener. Several journals focus only on one of the aspects of this key problem, i.e., the production of sustainable materials, textile education, or textile marketing. However, herein, we strive to bring different areas together on one platform to cover different aspects, i.e., production, policy, education, and marketing related to textile fashion and textile materials.
    Keywords: antibacterial ; textiles ; bibliometric analysis ; database ; web of science ; inherited knowledge system ; human resource ; learning ; training ; hands-on experience ; prolonged engagement ; culture and tradition ; handloom industry of Sri Lanka ; clinical practice guideline ; Korean medicine ; lumbar intervertebral disc herniation ; grading of recommendations assessment ; development and evaluation ;   ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering
    Language: English
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  • 98
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Nanotechnologies leverage different hierarchical levels of novel technological applications by introducing molecular functionalities into the macroworld. A novel set of applications emerges by integrating photons and quantum information with the nanoworld. The current Special Issue “Dynamics and Applications of Photon Nanostructured Systems” is shaped by innovative ideas with strong, interdisciplinary, fundamental, theoretical, and applied characteristics, and the content covers a wide range of thematic areas in physics, chemistry and engineering. The book comprises twelve original studies and three review articles addressing novel nanodevices, functionalities, nanothermodynamics, chaos, non-linear dynamics, nanoresonators and applications based on photonic nanostructured devices and photon–nanomaterial interactions.
    Keywords: nanomechanical resonator ; superconducting resonator ; wave function ; unitary transformation ; Hamiltonian ; probability density ; adiabatic condition ; quantum solution ; nanohole ; microsphere ; subwavelength-scale light focusing ; high-responsivity ; ultraviolet photodetectors ; nano-scale fin isolation ; wide-band gap semiconductors ; ZnO nanorods ; two-dimensional electron gas ; visible-blind ; whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) ; sensor ; water-immersion-objective (WIO) ; microdisk ; laser ; inorganic boron-based nanostructures ; boron monoelement nanowire and nanotube ; borophene ; rare-earth boride (REB6) ; optoelectronic properties ; guided mode resonance ; figure of merit ; biosensor ; detection limits ; transition metal ; surface plasmon ; nanoparticle ; nanophotonics ; hydrogen storage ; sensing ; nuclear fusion ; energy device ; microdisk laser ; spectral modulation ; optofluidic ; coupled microdisk ; nanostructures ; optical pillar gratings ; photonic crystals ; two-photon lithography ; direct laser writing ; laser induced subwavelength ripples ; surface plasmon polaritons ; coulomb explosion ; stainless steel ; photonic nanoscience ; nanotechnology ; porous Si-SiO2 ; UV filters ; responsivity ; photodetectors ; interface/interface engineering ; charge carriers ; nanowire ; nanolaser ; metal grating ; nanocavities ; non-thermal equilibrium ; water ; entropy ; nanothermodynamics ; nanoindentation ; AFM ; electric dipole interactions ; VUV irradiation ; random walk ; EUV lithography ; chemically amplified resists ; inorganic resists ; main chain scission resists ; electron-induced chemistry ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 99
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book introduces and provides solutions to a variety of problems faced by society, companies and individuals in a quickly changing and technology-dependent world. The wide acceptance of artificial intelligence, the upcoming fourth industrial revolution and newly designed 6G technologies are seen as the main enablers and game changers in this environment. The book considers these issues not only from a technological viewpoint but also on how society, labor and the economy are affected, leading to a circular economy that affects the way people design, function and deploy complex systems.
    Keywords: Industry 4.0 ; cognitive manufacturing ; cognitive load ; human–computer interaction ; 6GIIoE priorities ; 6GIIoE challenges ; 6GIIoE applications ; information system ; sequential methodology ; 6GIIoE theoretical framework ; circular economy ; circular building ; implementation strategies ; design strategies ; circular resource flows ; digital twin ; digital model ; system optimization ; predictive maintenance ; artificial and human intelligence ; security ; risks and risk management ; quality of life ; common welfare ; socio-political assessment ; assembly ; process planning systems ; concurrent engineering ; automotive industry applications ; manufacturing industry applications ; artificial intelligence ; sustainable development ; construction ; civil engineering ; machine learning ; construction engineering ; cognitive data intelligence ; cognitive healthcare ; tiny machine learning ; 6GCIoHE theoretical framework ; data science ; statistical data processing ; predictive analytics ; classification ; clustering ; labor productivity ; health management ; health-saving strategies ; electric power industry ; bridge ; expansion joint ; joint gap ; smart bridge maintenance equipment ; sensor ; structural health monitoring ; line-scan camera ; machine vision ; change management ; COVID-19 ; decision-support model ; digitization ; employee motivation ; employee satisfaction ; human resources ; software tool ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 100
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This is a reprint of a Special Issue of Energies, titled "Condition Monitoring and Failure Prevention of Electric Machines". This Special Issue primarily focused on the issues related to the advanced monitoring, diagnosis, and prevention of typical and complex faults in all kinds of electric machines. Four guest editors, namely Prof. Yu-Ling He (Department of Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, China), Prof. David Gerada (PEMC group, University of Nottingham, UK), Prof. Conggan Ma (School of Automotive Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, China), and Prof. Haisen Zhao (School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, North China Electric Power University, China), worked together on this Special Issue.
    Keywords: synchronous generator ; dynamic rotor interturn short circuit (DRISC) ; electromagnetic torque (EMT) ; magneto-motive force (MMF) ; harmonic component ; line start permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor ; power factor curve valley ; efficiency ; whole load region ; in situ efficiency ; induction motors ; quantum particle swarm optimization ; trust region algorithm ; QPSO-TRA ; rotor slot harmonics frequencies ; linear motor feeding system ; lack of abnormal samples ; deep neural network ; anomaly detection ; semi-supervised anomaly detection generative adversarial network (GANomaly) ; long short-term memory (LSTM) network ; doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) ; radial static air-gap eccentricity (RSAGE) ; radial dynamic air-gap eccentricity (RDAGE) ; radial hybrid air-gap eccentricity (RHAGE) ; circulating current inside parallel branches (CCPB) ; hydro-turbine modeling ; dynamic modeling ; transient processes ; hydropower ; hydropower plants ; mathematical modeling ; water flow inertia ; artificial neural networks ; contrast estimation ; fault diagnosis ; short-circuited turns ; transformer fault ; vibroacoustic signals ; condition monitoring ; demagnetization ; direct torque control ; eccentricity ; field oriented control ; high resistance connection ; turn-to-turn short circuit ; permanent magnet synchronous machine ; supervised classification ; power supply systems ; unbalanced load flows ; unbalanced load ; parameter identification ; hybrid surrogate model ; performance optimization ; Kriging ; RBF ; genetic algorithm ; pulse-jet cleaning ; field-oriented control ; symmetrical components ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities
    Language: English
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