ALBERT

Note: Contents: 1 Introduction. - 2 Geology of the Floor of Bering and Chukchi Seas - American Studies. - 3 Late Quaternary Sediments of Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska. - 4 Quaternary Marine Transgressions in Alaska. - 5 Quaternary Geology of the Alaskan Shore of Chukchi Sea. - 6 Quaternary Geology of Western Seward Peninsula, Alaska. - 7 Paleogeography of Chukotka During Late Neogene and Quaternary Time. - 8 Radiocarbon Chronology in Siberia. - 9 Neogene and Early Quaternary Vegetation of Northwestern North America and Northeastern Asia. - 10 Quaternary Vegetational History of Arctic Alaska. - 11 Vegetation of Eastern Siberia During the Anthropogene Period. - 12 Distribution, Ecology, and Cytology of the Ogotoruk Creek Flora and the History of Beringia. - 13 Mammal Remains of Pre-Wisconsin Age in Alaska. - 14 On the Origin of the Mammalian Fauna of Canada. - 15 The Effect of the Bering Land Bridge on the Quaternary Mammalian Faunas of Siberia and North America. - 16 Palearctic-Nearctic Mammalian Dispersal in the Late Cenozoic. - 17 The Stratigraphy of Tjbrnes, Northern Iceland, and the History of the Bering Land Bridge. - 18 Cenozoic Migrations of Marine Invertebrates Through the Bering Strait Region. - 19 Marine Mammals and the History of Bering Strai. - 20 Depth Changes in Bering Sea During the Upper Quaternary, as Indicated by Benthonic Foraminifera. - 21 Diatom Floras and the History of Okhotskand Bering Seas. - 22 On Migrations of Hunters across the Bering Land Bridge in the Upper Pleistocene. - 23 Human Migration and Permanent Occupation in the Bering Sea Area. - 24 The Cenozoic History of Beringia - A Synthesis. - General Index. - Index to Faunal and Floral Taxa.

Note: Table of Contents: Preface. - 1.0 Introduction. - 2.0 Geo-referenced data base. - 3.0 Polar stereographic elevation grid. - 4.0 Goid grid. - Tables. - Appendix. - References.

Note: SUMARIO: Presentación. - Hidrografía al borde del hielo entre las islas Elefante y las Orcadas del Sur durante el verano austral 1988- 1989 / F. G. Figueiras y F. F. Pérez. - Hidrografía de Admiralty Bay, isla King George, Antártida, al comienzo del verano austral de 1988-1989 / R. Prego, F. F. Pérez y F. G. Figueiras. - Saruracrón de oxigeno disuelto en las aguas Investigadas durante la campaña "Antártida 8611" / A. Alvarez Meneses. - Peces capturados durante la campaña "Antártida 8611" / J. Matallanas. - Edad y crecimiento de Notothenia gibberifrons (Lönnberg, 1905), en Georgia del Sur / M. T. García Santamaría y E. Balguerias. - Algunos datos sobre la distribución, abundancia y biología de Patagonotothen brevicauda guntheri (Norman, 1937) en Shag Rocks / E. Balguerias y M. E. Quintero. - Dos nuevas especies de picnogónidos antárticos / T. Munilla. - Distribución espacial del Krill (Euphasia superba; Dana, 1852), obtenida durante la campaña "Antártida 8611" / l. Sobrino. - Análisis de los porcentajes de hembras fecundadas de Krill (Euphasia superba; Dana, 1852), obtenidos durante la campaña "Antártida 8611" / I. Sobrino. - Primeros datos sobre la flora y vegetación liquénica de isla Livingston (islas Shetland del Sur, Antártida) / L. G. Sancho, L. Kappen y B. Schroeter. - lnvestigaciones ecofisiológicas en líquenes antárticos. Primeros datos sobre la actividad fotosintética de líquenes crustáceos "in situ" / L. Kappen, B Schroeter y L. G. Sancho. - Microclima y fotosíntesis neta de Usnea antarctica a partir de mediciones realizadas "in situ" en isla Livingston (islas Shetland del Sur, Antártida) / B. Schroeter, L. Kapen y L. G. Sancho. - Notas acerca de una colonia de nidificación de Cormoran carunculado del Antártico (Phalacrocorax atriceps) en Bahía Paraíso (península Antartrca) / J. Curt y A . Fernández Riestra. - Observación de cinco cisnes de cuello negro (Cygnus melanocoryphus) en la zona del Tratado Antártico / J. Curt. - Catálogo de ceráceos, pinnípedos y aves observados desde el buque oceanográfico "Las Palmas" durante las navegaciones efectuadas en la zona del Tratado Antártico y en sus destacamentos de las islas Shetland del Sur y estrecho de Bransfiel (25-I-89 a 1-III-89) / J. Curt. - Foraminíferos, biofacies e hidrodinámica sedimentaria en la Antártida / G. Mateu. - Actividad antimicrobiana de un nuevo monoterpeno del Plocamium cartilagineum de la península Antártica / J. Rovirosa, L. Sánchez, Y. Palacios, J. Darías y A. San Martín. - Aspectos taxonómicos de bacterias aisladas en la isla Livingston durante la campaña 1986-1987 / N. Bozal, J. G. Loren y J. Guinea. - Observaciones de NO2 y ozono en el interíor del Vértice Polar Antártico / M. Gil, J. Cacho, L. Acedo y M. J. Sainz de Aja. - Condiciones meteorológicas del agujero del ozono en la Antártida / J. M. Cisneros. - Altos valores de humedad relativa medidos en la estratosfera antártica / J . M. Cisneros. - Aproximación al estudio de fenómenos micrometeorológicos en la isla Decepción / J . Vira, M. Ramos y M. R. Soler. - Las campañas 1987-1988, 1988-1989 al sur del mar de Brandsfield. Resultados científicos / M. Catalán. - Las campañas geodésicas 1987- 1988, 1988-1989 en las Shetland del Sur / J. Ballesteros, M. Berrocoso, M. Catalán, F. Cruz. R. Estrada. J. M. Fernández López, A. Luján, J. Muñoz, J. Sánchez del Toro, J. C. Sastre, R. Soto y J. G. Viramonte. - Las observaciones GPS en la red antártica 1988-1989. El efecto del campo gravitatorio austral en la observación de satélites / M. Catalán y M. Berrocoso. - Origen y estructura de la isla Decepción (islas Shetland del Sur) / J. Martí, A . Baraldo y J. Rey. - Geoquímica de fluidos en la isla Decepción / A. Valentin, M. Martini y J. L. Diez Gil. - Los enclaves de las rocas volcánicas de terraza Kendall y Bahía Murature, isla Decepción, Shetland del Sur. Antártida / C. Risso, A . Aparicio y J. G. Viramonte. - Anomalías térmicas y balance de flujo disipado en la isla Decepción, Shetland del Sur / M. Ramos, R. Ortiz, J. L. Diez Gil y J. G. Viramonte. - Caracterización de algunos parámetros termodinámicos del suelo del volcán Decepción (Antártida) / M. Ramos, M. Domínguez y R. Ortiz. - Temblores volcánicos en Decepción. Origen y evolución / J. Vila, A. M. Correig, R. Ortiz y J. Batlló. - Detección de una capa de baja velocidad asociada a las últimas erupciones en Decepción / J. Vila, A. M. Correig, R. Maciá y R. Ortiz. - Interpretación preliminar de un ensayo de perfil sísmico de refracción en Port Foster (isla Decepción) / R. Ortiz, R. Boloix y E. Carreño. - Actividad sísmica en el entorno de la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos I (islas Livingston y Decepción) / R. Ortiz, J. Vila y J. C. Sastre. - Estudio del campo magnético en Port Foster (isla Decepción) / A. García, J. G. Viramonte, J. Vila y J. M. lbáñez. - Perfiles magnéticos sobre el sistema de fracturas del sector noroeste de Decepción / J. G. Viramonte, M Ramos, A. García, C. Suazo y J. L. Díez Gil. - Anomalías magnéticas al sur del mar de Bransfield / J. Acosta, M. Catalán, J. L. Diez, J. M Fernández López, A. García, P. Herranz, R. Ortiz y J. C. Sastre. - Tectónica reciente en los depósitos submarinos de la bahía de Depción / J. Rey, J. R. de Andrés, J. M. Fernández López y C. Palomo. - Nuevos datos de sísmica continua por reflexión sobre la evolución geodinámica reciente del margen de las Shetland del Sur y estrecho de Bransfield / J. L. Sanz, J. Acosta y P. Herranz. - Perfiles sísmicos en las Shetland del Sur y estrecho de Bransfiel. Estructura y dinámica reciente / J. Acosta, M. Catalán, P. Herranz y J. L. Sanz. - Análisis estructural del hielo del glaciar Cazadora, cuantificación direccional de la anisotropia y predicción del drenaje subglaciar. Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / A. Erase, l. Antigüedad y M. Taylor. - Distribución vertical de isótopos estables (Deuterio y Oxígeno-18) en el hielo del glaciar Cazadora junto a la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / A. Eraso, l. Antigüedad, R. Gonfiantini, L. Araguas, M Gómez Martos y J. A. López Geta. - Distribución vertical de algunos oligoelementos presentes en el glaciar Cazadora junto a la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / A. Eraso, l. Antigüedad. A. llarri, J. A. López Geta y M. Gómez Martos. - Análisis mineralógico y por microsonda de las cenizas volcánicas existentes junto a la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / A. Eraso, l. Antigüedad, P. Herrero, J. Arostegui. L Eguiluz, C. Quesada y A. Sánchez. - Diferentes tipologías de aguas encontradas en la proximidad de la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / l. Antigüedad, A. Eraso y R. Fernández Rubio. - Correlación entre caudales drenados y parámetros hidroquimicos en el río de la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / l. Antigüedad, A. Eraso y R. Fernández Rubio. - Caracteríscicas del hidrograma en función de los datos meteorológicos y elaboración de la curva de gastos del río de la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / l. Antigüedad. A. Eraso, A. Mangín y R. Fernández Rubió. - Anteproyecto de construcción de un azud en la albufera fósil del sexto nivel de playa existente junto a la Base Antá rtica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla livingston (Shetland del Sur) / A. Eraso, A. Sánchez de Toro, R. Fernández Rubio y J. Presa. - Instrumentación Antártica, unidad automática de adquisición de datos para aplicación general. / R. Ortiz y E. Giménez. - Instrumentación Antártica. Red Sísmica Digital / R. Ortiz y J. Vila. - Experiencias térmicas realizadas sobre el comportamiento térmico del acero en condiciones polares (Polo Norte Geográfico) / J. Aguirre, M Ramos, P. D. Sanz y A. Sigot. - Estudio de fa resistencia térmica del traje polar prototipo "CM" e , Sprache der Zusammenfassung: Englisch

Note: CONTENTS Preface Nomenclature Introduction Background Field experiments Test location and test sites Test vehicles Test procedures Results CIV traction and motion resistance Wheels/trackcs vehicles traction and motion resistance Shear annulus device Accuracy and limitations of data Snow conditons Analysis Determination of snow strength parameters Traction analysis Traction model predictions Resistance analysis Resistance model predictions Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: Shallow snow mobility model, version 1.0 Appendix B: Test vehicle data Appendix C : Selected test data Appendix D : Snow data Appendix E: Shallow snow mobility model code, version 2.0 Abstract

Note: Contents: CHAPTER 1 ROLE OF PROBABILITY METHODS IN POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING ; CHAPTER 2 CONCEPTS AND THEOREMS OF PROBABILITY ; CHAPTER 3 RANDOM VARIABLES ; CHAPTER 4 FUNCTIONS OF RANDOM VARIABLES ; CHAPTER 5 STOCHASTIC PROCESSES ; CHAPTER 6 DECISION ANALYSIS ; CHAPTER 7 RELIABILITY ; CHAPTER 8 PROBABILISTIC STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS ; CHAPTER 9 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION, AND REPLACEMENT ; CHAPTER 10 PROBABILISTIC LOAD-FLOW STUDIES ; CHAPTER 11 PROBABILISTIC SHORT-CIRCUIT ANALYSIS ; CHAPTER 12 PROBABILISTIC POWER SYSTEM STABILITY ; CHAPTER 13 MONTE CARLO SIMULATION ; CHAPTER 14 ELEMENTS OF ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Chapter 1. The CO2-Carbonic Acid System and Solution Chemistry Basic Concepts Activity Coefficients in Solutions Influences of Temperature and Pressure The Carbonic Acid System in Seawater Calculation of the Saturation State of Seawater with Respect to Carbonate Minerals Concluding Remarks Chapter 2. Interactions Between Carbonate Minerals and Solutions Sedimentary Carbonate Minerals Basic Concepts Characteristics of Sedimentary Carbonate Minerals Solubility Behavior of Carbonate Minerals General Considerations Calcite and Aragonite Solubility Methods for the Calculation of Equilibrium Solution Composition Under Different Conditions Surface Chemistry of Carbonate Minerals Basic Principles Adsorption of Ions on Carbonate Surfaces Carbonate Dissolution and Precipitation Kinetics Basic Principles Reaction Kinetics in Simple Solutions Reaction Kinetics in Complex Solutions Concluding Remarks Chapter 3. Coprecipitation Reactions and Solid Solutions of Carbonate Minerals General Concepts Background Information Basic Chemical Considerations Coprecipitation of "Foreign" Ions in Carbonate Minerals Examples of Coprecipitation Reactions General Models for Partition Coefficients in Carbonates Magnesian Calcite General Considerations The Fundamental Problems Experimental Observations Hypothesis of a Hydrated Magnesian Calcite Stable Isotope Chemistry General Considerations Oxygen Isotopes Carbon Stable Isotopes Concluding Remarks Chapter 4. The Oceanic Carbonate System and Calcium Carbonate Accumulation in Deep Sea Sediments An Overview of Major Processes The CO2 System in Oceanic Waters The Upper Ocean The Deep Sea Saturation State of Deep Seawater with Respect to CaCO3 Sources and Sedimentation of Deep Sea Carbonates Sources Sedimentation The Distribution of CaCO3 in Deep Sea Sediments and Carbonate Lithofacies General Considerations The Distribution of CaCO3 in Surface Sediments Factors Controlling the Accumulation of Calcium Carbonate in Deep Sea Sediments General Relations Factors Leading to Variability Near Interfacial Processes Variability of Calcium Carbonate Deposition in Deep Sea Sediments with Time Influence of Glacial Times The Impact of Fossil Fuel CO2 on the Ocean-Carbonate System Concluding Remarks Chapter 5. Composition and Source of Shoal-Water Carbonate Sediments Introduction Shoal-Water Carbonates in Space and Time Carbonate Grains and Skeletal Parts Overview and Examples Sediment Classification Depositional Environments Concluding Statement Biomineralization General Aspects Environmental Controls on Mineralogy Stable Isotopes Coprecipitation Precipitation of Carbonates from Seawater Carbonate Chemistry of Shallow Seawater Abiotic Precipitation of CaCO3 from Seawater Sources of Aragonite Needle Muds Formation of Oöids Concluding Remarks 238 Chapter 6. Early Marine Diagenesis of Shoal-Water Carbonate Sediments Introduction Some Preliminary Thermodynamic and Kinetic Considerations Very Early Diagenesis Major Diagenetic Processes Pore Water Chemistry Precipitation of Early Carbonate Cements Dissolution of Carbonates Concluding Remarks Chapter 7. Early Non-Marine Diagenesis of Sedimentary Carbonates Introduction Plate-Tectonic Controls on Diagenesis General Considerations for Early Non-Marine Diagenesis Major Types of Non-Marine Environments Water Chemistry Reactivity of Sedimentary Carbonates Major Phase Transformations The Transformation of Aragonite to Calcite Dolomite Formation Summary Remarks Mass Transfer During Diagenesis General Considerations Geochemical Constraints on Mass Transfer Beachrock Formation Lithification in the Meteoric Environment Introduction The Meteoric Environment and Cement Precipitates Bermuda: A Case Study of a Meteoric Diagenetic Environment Introduction Geological Framework Limestone Chemistry and Isotopic Composition Water Chemistry Carbonate Mass Transfer A Brief Synthesis of Meteoric Diagenesis Diagenetic Stages Effect of Original Mineralogy Climatic Effects Rock-Water Relationships Mixed Meteoric-Marine Regime Concluding Remarks Chapter 8. Carbonates as Sedimentary Rocks in Subsurface Processes Introduction P,T, and X and Carbonate Mineral Stability Subsurface Water Chemistry in Sedimentary Basins Continuous Processes Pressure Solution Dolomitization Mud to Spar Neomorphism Secondary Porosity Cementation in the Subsurface Examples of "Models" of Long-Term Diagenesis The Present Ocean Setting The Present Continental Setting Concluding Remarks Chapter 9. The Current Carbon Cycle and Human Impact Introduction Modern Biogeochemical Cycle of Carbon A Model for the Cycle of Carbon Methane and Carbon Monoxide Fluxes CO2 Fluxes Human Impact on Carbon Fluxes The Fossil Fuel and Land Use Fluxes Observed Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Increase Future'Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Trends Consequences of Increased Atmospheric CO2 Levels The Oceanic System Sources of Calcium, Magnesium, and Carbon for Modern Oceans Mass Balance of Ca, Mg, and C in Present Oceans Oceanic Mass Balance of Elements Interactive with Ca, Mg, and C Concluding Remarks Chapter 10. Sedimentary Carbonates in the Evolution of Earth's Surface Environment Introduction Sedimentary Rock Mass-Age Distributions Secular Trends in Sedimentary Rock Properties Lithologic Types Chemistry and Mineralogy Carbon Cycling Modeling Introduction and Development of a Global Model Glacial-Interglacial Changes of Carbon Dioxide Long-Term Changes of Atmospheric CO2 Phanerozoic Cycling of Sedimentary Carbonates Synopsis of the Origin and Evolution of the Hydrosphere-Atmosphere-Sedimentary Lithosphere Origin of the Hydrosphere The Early Stages The Transitional Stage Modern Conditions Concluding Remarks Epilogue Introduction The Road Traveled The State of the Art Ever Onward References Index

Note: Table of Contents: Preface. - Why Learn UNIX?. - How to Use This Book. - A Word About UNIX Versions. - Conventions Used in This Handbook. - Chapter 1 Introduction to the UNIX Operating System. - Logging In to UNIX. - UNIX Commands. - The UNIX File System. - Files and Filenames. - The File System's Structure. - Simple Commands for Working with Files. - Simple Commands for Working with Directories. - Wildcards. - File Access Permission. - Standard Input and Output. - Pipes. - Controlling Execution. - Stopping Programs. - Foreground and Background. - Running a Job at a Later Time. - Shell Programs. - Command Line Arguments. - Shell Variables. - Loops. - Conditionals. - Shell Customization. - Environment Variables. - Shell Variables. - Aliases. - Other Basic Tools. - Standard UNIX Documentation. - Online Help. - Chapter 2 Creating a FORTRAN Program with vi. - Invoking vi. - Retrieving Backup Versions. - Modes. - Text Mode. - Command Mode. - Moving Within a File. - Adding and Deleting Text. - Search Operations. - Moving Blocks of Text-Named Buffers. - Saving and Exiting. - Editing and Inserting Other Files. - Executing UNIX Commands from vi. - Other Features. - Options. - Pattern Matching. - Chapter 3 Compiling and Linking FORTRAN Programs. - FORTRAN Compilation. - Libraries. - Output Files. - make and the Compiler. - Compilation Options. - The Preprocessor. - Preprocessor Statements. - File Inclusion. - Conditional Compilation. - Comments. - Summary of Preprocessor Statements. - Assembling a FORTRAN Program. - Invoking the Assembler. - Linking FORTRAN Programs. - Invoking Id. - Linker Options. - Error Messages. - Creating Libraries. - Chapter 4 FORTRAN Working Environment. - FORTRAN I/O. - Default Filenames. - FORTRAN I/O Initialization. - Simple Character I/O. - File System Information. - Tape I/O. - UNIX System Calls and Functions. - Command Line Arguments. - Accessing the Environment. - Timing. - Mathematical Routines. - Executing UNIX Commands. - System Error Handling. - Installing Local Programs. - Chapter 5 Debugging FORTRAN Programs. - Source-level Debugging with dbx. - Compilation for dbx. - Starting dbx. - Basic dbx Commands. - Current File and Current Function. - Definitions and Conventions. - Advanced Features. - Debugging at the Assembly Level with adb. - Invoking adb. - adb Commands. - Executing a Program Under adb. - Working with Subroutines and Functions. - Working with Common Blocks. - Modifying Values. - Some Hints. - Chapter 6 Automatic Compilation with make. - Creating a makefile. - Dependencies. - Abbreviations and Macros. - Search Directories. - Default Compilation Rules. - Invoking make. - Convenient Flags. - make and RCS. - A Note on Source Files. - Error Messages. - Some Final Notes. - Chapter 7 Source Management with RCS. - Revision Trees. - Basic Operations. - RCS Directories and Files. - The Revision Log. - Identification Strings. - Strict Access. - More About Checking In. - New and Old Generations. - Other Features. - States. - Names. - Changing a File's Description. - Access Lists. - Chapter 8 Program Timing and Profiling. - Simple Timings. - Introduction to Profiling. - Preparing a Program for Profiling. - Name Handling. - Generating a Profile with gprof. - Interpreting a Profile from gprof. - The Flat Profile. - The Call Graph Profile. - Profiling with prof. - Appendix A Extensions and Oddities: UNIX Compatibility Issues. - UNIX FORTRAN Compilers. - UNIX Extensions. - Data Types. - Constants. - Tab Formatting. - File Inclusion. - I/O Extensions. - Intrinsic Functions. - Extensions to Avoid. - Quirks. - Save Status and Zero Initialization. - Common Block Padding. - Argument Matching. - Capitalization. - Listings. - Miscellaneous. - Appendix B Programs Mixing FORTRAN and C. - Calling C Procedures from FORTRAN. - Naming. - Arguments to Procedures. - Appendix C Data Representations. - Data Representations. - Storage Layout. - Integer Representation. - Logicals. - Floating-Point Numbers. - Single Precision (REAL, REAL*4). - Double Precision. - COMPLEX. - Error Conditions. - Appendix D UNIX Error Numbers and Signals. - General UNIX Error Numbers. - FORTRAN-Specific Error Numbers. - Signals. - Index.

Note: Beilage unter dem Titel: SCAR : Wissenschaftliches Komitee für Antarktisforschung , Beilage unter dem Titel: Deutsche Mitglieder in SCAR-Gruppen = German members in SCAR Groups , Beilage unter dem Titel: Corrigendum / German Antarctic Research Report to SCAR, No. 12 - 1990 , Beilage unter dem Titel: SCAR Bulletin : No. 99, October 1990 ; Stations of SCAR nations operating in the Antarctic, winter 1990 , CONTENTS: I. National Committee for Antarctic Research, and National Operating Organization/Agency. - II. Map of Stations. - Ill. Permanent Observatories, Regular Observations and Long-term Monitoring. - IV. Report on Highlights of Science Activities from Previous Reporting Period (1 Oct. 89 - 31 March 90). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences. - V. List of Permits and Rationale for Entry into SPAs and SSSIs. - VI. Prospectus of Planned Activities for Coming Reporting Period (1 April 90 - 31 March 91). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences. - VII. Future Activities Planned & Funded (beyond 31 March 91). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences. - VIII. Bibliography. - IX. List of Principal Investigators and Responsible Authorities.

Note: Beiträge teilweise Deutsch, teilweise Englisch, teilweise Spanisch

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS ECOLOGY 1 Sea ice: its formation, distribution and properties 2 Ice-associated ecosystems 3 Ice diatoms 4 Techniques for sampling sea-ice algae 5 The Antarctic planktonic ecosystem 6 Some aspects of the large-scale physical oceanography of the Arctic Ocean influencing biological oceanography 7 Arctic planktonic ecosystems 8 Arctic plankton diatoms: dominant species, biogeography 9 The paleontological significance of fossil diatoms from the high-latitude oceans TAXONOMY 10 Key to diatom families and glossary 11 Family Thalassiosiraceae Section 1: the genera Skeletonema, Pororsira, Bacterosira, and Detonula and the genus Thalassiosira from the Arctic Section 2: the genus Thalassiosira from the Antarctic 12 Family Leptocylindraceae: the genus Corethron 13 Family Coscinodiscaceae: the genus Stellarima 14 Family Hemidiscaceae: the genera Actinocyclus and Azpeitia 15 Family Rhizosoleniaceae: the genera Rhizosolenia and Proboscia 16 Family Biddulphiaceae: the genus Eucampia 17 Family Diatomaceae: the genera Thalassiothrix and Trichotoxon 18 Family Naviculaceae: Arctic species of the genera Diploneis, Gyrosigma, Haslea, Navicula, Pinnularia, Pleurosigma, Stauroneis and Stenoneis 19 Family Naviculaceae: the genera Plagiotropis, Manguinea, Membraneis, and Banquisia 20 Family Naviculaceae: the genus Pseudogomphonema 21 Family Auriculaceae and Bacillariaceae: the genera Auricula, Hantzschia, and Nitzschia 22 Family Bacillariaceae: the genus Nitzschia section Pseudonitzschia 23 Family Bacillariaceae: the genus Nitzschia section Nitzschiella 24 Family Bacillariaceae: the genus Nitzschia section Fragilariopsis BIBLlOGRAPHY

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD PREFACE LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES 1. NORTHERN HYDROLOGY: AN OVERVIEW 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Definition of "North" 1.2.1. Physical North 1.2.1.1. Polar Circles 1.2.1.2. Temperature 1.2.1.3. Snow/Ice Covers 1.2.1.4. Frozen Ground 1.2.1.5. Vegetation 1.2.1.6. Run-Off Direction 1.2.1.7. Composite Definition 1.2.1.8. Guideline Definition 1.3. Natural Landscape, Climate and Hydrology 1.3.1. General Landscape 1.3.2. Hydroclimatic Characteristics 1.3 .2.1. Precipitation/Snowcover 1.3.2.2. Drainage/Run-Off 1.3.2.3. Surface Storage 1.3.2.4. Permafrost 1.3.2.5. Ground Water 1.3.2.6. Evaporation/Evapotranspiration 1.3.2.7. Freshwater Ice Cover 1.3.2.8. Data-Collection Networks 1.4. Hydrological Classifications 1.4.1. Church (1974) Classification 1.4.1.1. Arctic-Nival 1.4.1.2. Subarctic-Nival 1.4.1.3. Proglacial 1.4.1.4. Muskeg 1.4.2. Network Classification 1.5. Development and Water Use 1.5.1. Historical Resource Development 1.5.2. Present Resources 1.5.2.1. Hydro-Power 1.5.2.2. Diversions 1.5.2.3. Mining 1.5.2.4. Oil and Gas 1.6. Evolving Issues 1.6.1. Northem Pollution 1.6.2. Global Change Effects 1.6.2.1. Precipitation/Snow/Glaciers 1.6.2.2. Floating Ice 1.6.2.3. Permafrost 1.6.2.4. Other 1.6.3. Monitoring Global Change 1.7. Reflections 2. SNOW HYDROLOGY 2.1. Introduction 2.1.1. Basic Processes 2.1.1.1. Atmospheric Processes 2.1.1.2. Snowcover Formation 2.1.1.3. Snowmelt Run-Off Processes 2.1.1.4. Snowcover Chemistry 2.1.2. Geographical Variations 2.1.2.1. Snowfall 2.1.2.2. Snowcover 2.1.2.3. Nival Streamflow Regimes 2.1.3. Relationship to Other Hydrological Variables 2.2. Historical Background 2.2.1. Snowfall 2.2.2. Snowcover Properties 2.2.3. Snowmelt Run-Off 2.3. Current Research 2.3.1. Blowing Snow 2.3.2. Meltwater Infiltration 2.3.3. Water Flux Through Cold Snowcovers 2.3.4. Remote Sensing 2.3.5. Snow Chemistry 2.3.6. Snow/Ground Interface Temperature 2.3.7. Snow Radiative Properties 2.4. Future Research Needs 2.4.1. Snowfall 2.4.2. Snowcover 2.4.3. Snowmelt 2.4.4. Snowmelt Run-Off 2.4.5. Removal of Solutes from Melting Snowcovers 3. PERMAFROST HYDROLOGY 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Historical Background 3.2.1. Streamflow Studies 3.2.2. Water-Balance Studies 3.2.3. Hillslope Hydrological Studies 3.2.4. Studies of Lake and Wetland Hydrology 3.3. Recent Trends 3.4. Current Research 3 .4.1. Coupling Snowmelt, Infiltration and Soil Moisture 3.4.2. Hydrological Modelling 3.5. Future Research Needs 3.5.1. Regional Hydrology 3.5.2. Climatic Change and Permafrost Hydrology 3.5.2.1. Application of Spatial Analogues 3.5.2.2. Application of Climatic Variability Analogues 3.5.2.3. Use of Simulation Models 4. GROUND-WATER HYDROLOGY 4.1. Introduction 4.1.1. Permafrost 4.1.2. Properties of Frozen Ground and Permafrost 4.1.2.1. Ice and Water Contents 4.1.2.2. Hydraulic Conductivity 4.1.3. Effects on Water Chemistry 4.1.3.1. Low Temperatures 4.1.3.2. Permafrost 4.2. Aquifers in Permafrost Areas 4.2.1. Position Relative to Permafrost 4.2.2. Suprapermafrost Aquifers 4.2.2.1. Subtype I Aquifers 4.2.2.2. Subtype II and III Aquifers 4.2.2.3. Chemical composition of suprapermafrost water 4.2.3. Intrapermafrost Aquifers 4.2.3.1. Open Taliks 4.2.3.2. Lateral Taliks 4.2.3.3. Isolated Taliks 4.2.3.4. Chemical Composition of Intrapermafrost Water 4.2.4. Subpermafrost Aquifers 4.2.4.1. Unconsolidated Deposits 4.2.4.2. Sedimentary Bedrock 4.2.4.3. Karst 4.2.4.4. Igneous and Metamorphic Terrain 4.2.4.5. Chemical Composition of Subpermafrost Water 4.3. Ground-Water Hydrology 4.3.1. Comparison with Non-Permafrost Areas 4.3.2. Infiltration and Ground-Water Recharge 4.3.3. Lateral Movement of Ground Water 4.3.4. Discharge of Ground Water 4.3.4.1. Springs 4.3.4.2. Base Flow 4.3.4.3. Icings 4.3.4.4. Ground-Water Discharge Rates from Icing Volumes 4.3.4.5. Chemical Composition of Icings and Meltwater 4.3.5. Importance of Ground Water 4.3.5.1. Fisheries 4.3.5.2. Vegetation 4.3.5.3. Water Supply 4.3.5.4. Recreation and Space Heating 4.4. Historical Background 4.4.1. Pre-1970 Situation 4.4.2. Recent Advances 4.4.3. Agencies Involved in Recent Research 4.4.4. Incentives for Recent Research 4.5. Current Research 4.6. Future Research Needs 4.6.1. Major Unknowns 4.6.2. Subjects Requiring Research 4.6.3. Future Incentives for Ground-Water Research 4.6.4. Major Impediments 5. HYDROLOGY OF FLOATING ICE 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Ice Processes on Rivers and Lakes: an Overview 5.3. Historical Background 5.3.1. Floods and High Stages 5.3.2. Low Flow 5.3.3. Flow Duration 5.3.4. Flow Measurement 5.4. Current Research 5.4.1. Ice Jams, Break-Up and Freeze-Up 5.4.2. Low Flows 5.4.3. Flow Duration 5.4.4. Flow Measurement 5.5. Future Research Needs 5.5.1. Ice Jams, Break-Up and Freeze-Up 5.5.2. Low Flows 5.5.3. Continuous Simulation 5.5.4. Flow Measurement 5.6. New Research Approaches 5.7. Conclusion 5.8. Acknowledgements 6. GLACIER HYDROLOGY 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Glacier Hydrology: an Overview 6.2.1. Run-Off 6.2.2. Local Variability in Climatic Inputs 6.2.3. Regional Variability 6.2.4. Temporal Variability in Climatic Inputs 6.2.5. Glacier Outburst Floods 6.2.6. Distribution and Characteristics of Canadian Glaciers 6.3. Process and Regional Examples 6.3.1. Typical Run-off Components from a Glacierized Catchment 6.3.2. Western Cordilleran Example - Peyto Glacier 6.3.3.1. Basin Description 6.3.3.2. Meteorological Inputs and Snow-Line Movement 6.3.3.3. Internal Hydrology of the Glacier 6.3.3.4. Specific Yield within the Basin 6.3.3.5. The Resultant Hydrographs 6.3.3.6. Detailed Interrelationship (1970/74) 6.3.4. High-Arctic Example - White Glacier 6.4. A History of Glacier Hydrology Studies 6.4.1. Studies in the Western Cordillera 6.4.2. The Arctic lslands 6.4.3. Studies in the Yukon 6.4.4. Studies in Labrador 6.4.5. The International Hydrological Decade 6.4.6. International Hydrological Programme 6.5. The Main Achievements of Hydrology Studies in Glacierized Basins 6.5.1. Basic Description of Resources 6.5.2. Achievements in Glacier Mass Balance 6.5.3. Achievements in Glacier-Run-Off Studies 6.5.3.1. Meltwater Generation 6.5.3.2. Glacier Outburst Floods 6.5.3.3. Models of Basin Run-Off 6.5.4. Achievements in Surveying and Remote Sensing 6.6. The Future 7. WATER-QUALITY RESEARCH 7.1. Introduction 7 .2. Historical Background 7.2.1. Activities Prior to 1969 7.2.2. Overview ofN.W.T. Water-Quality Network Data 7.2.3. Mackenzie River Basin 7.2.4. Yukon River Basin 7.2.5. Limnological Research Activities near Resolute, Cornwallis Island and at Saqvaqjuac 7.3. Current Research - Long-Range Atmospheric Transport and Deposition 7.4. Future Research Needs 7.5. Acknowledgements 8. THE REGIONAL ENERGY BALANCE 8.1. Introduction 8.1.1. Basic Processes 8.1.2. Regional Variations 8.1.3. Relationship to Other Hydrological Variables 8.1.4. Importance to the Northern Environment 8.2. Historical Background 8.2.1. Subarctic 8.2.2. Arctic Tundra 8.2.3. Glacierized Basins 8.3. Current Research 8.4. Future Research Needs 9. REGIONAL HYDROLOGY 9.1. Introduction 9.2. Hydrological Regions 9.2.1. Shawinigan Engineering Studies 9.2.2 Acres Consulting Services Ltd 9 .2.2.1. Annual Yield 9.2.2.2. Low Flow 9.2.2.3. Floods 9.2.3. Joint DOE-DIAND Studies 9.2.4. 1985-86 IWD Network Evaluation in Western and Northern Region 9.2.5 The Maekenzie River Basin Flow Model 9.3. River Elements in the Northern Hydrological Cycle 9.3.1. Snowfall Components 9.3.2. Ice Proeesses and Northem Streamflow 9.3.2.1. The Freeze-Up 9.3.2.2. Midwinter Flows 9.3.2.3. Streamflow in the Annual Break-Up 9.4. Northern Streamflow Data Collection 9.5. Conclusions 10. WATER MANAGEMENT NORTH OF 60° 10.1. lntroduction 10.2. Legislative Framework 10.3. Water Boards 10.4. Licensing and Authorization 10.4.1. Lieensing 10.4.2. Authorization 10.5. Enforcement 10.6. Data Collection 10.6.1. Water Quantity 10.6.2. Water Quality 10.6.3. Preeipitation 10.7. Planning 10.7.1. Comprehensive Planning 10.7.2. Integrated Planning 10.8. Major Ma

Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.

Note: Masterarbeit, University of Waterloo, 1990 , TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract Acknowledgements List of figures List of tables List of plates preamble CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE 1.2 LOCATION AND CLIMATE 1.3 GEOLOGICAL SETTING 1.3.1 Bedrock geology 1.3.2 Glacial history 1.3.2 Surficial geology 1.4 PREVIOUS RESEARCH AND PARALLEL STUDIES 1.5 SITE INVESTIGATIONS 1.5.1 Introduction 1.5.2 Water sampling methods 1.5.3 Piezometer methods 1.5.4 Measuring hydraulic conductivity 1.S.S Surface flow monitoring 1.5.6 Seepage meters 1.5.7 Coring and porewater squeezing 1.5.8 Frost table probing 1.5.9 Geological mapping 1.5.10 Weather records 1.5.11 Depth sounding 1.6 ANALYTICAL METHODS AND LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS 1.6.1 Sample collection, filtration, and alkalinity 1.6.2 Analytical methods 1.6.3 Quality of chemical analyses 1.6.4 Grain-size distributions and organic matter contents in till 1.6.5 Core logging and porewater squeezing 1.6.6 SEM examination of mineral weathering CHAPTER 2: HYDROLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY synopsis 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 LOCATION AND CLIMATE 2.3 FIELD AND ANALYTICAL METHODS 2.3.1 Field methods 2.3.2 Analytical methods 2.4 SETTING 2.5 HYDROLOGY 2.5.1 Surface hydrology 2.5.2 Groundwater hydrology 2.5.2.1 Thawing of the active layer 2.5.2.2 Structure and composition of the active layer till 2.5.2.3 Groundwater flow 2.6 DISCUSSION 2.7 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 3: A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF ISOTOPE HYDROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY abstract 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 STUDY AREA 3.3 ANALYTICAL METHODS 3.4 VEGETATION AND ACTIVE LAYER PROPERTIES 3.5 STABLE ISOTOPE DATA 3.6 WATER CHEMISTRY 3.7 SUMMARY CHAPTER 4: ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS OF EVAPORATION synopsis 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 STUDY AREA 4.3 FIELD AND LABORATORY METHODS 4.3.1 Materials and field methods 4.3.2 Analytkal methods 4.4 THEORY 4.4.1 Theoretical development 4.4.2 Basis of this approach 4.5 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA 4.6 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 4.7 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 5: WATER BALANCE AND GEOCHEMICAL EVALUATIONS abstract 5.l INTRODUCTION 5.2 SETTING 5.3 ANALYTICAL METHODS 5.4 HYDROLOGY 5.5 WATER BALANCE CALCULATIONS 5.6 GEOCHEMISTRY 5.7 DISCUSSION 5.8 CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 6.1 SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS 6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH References LIST OF APPENDICES A. Part A: Stable isotope analyses of water samples Part B: Tritium analyses Part C: Field geochemical measurements Part D: Major ion analyses of water samples B. GROUNDWATER SAMPLING FROM PIEZOMETERS C. RELIABILITY OF Eh MEASUREMENTS D. PIEZOMETER DESIGNS/INSTALLATION PROCEDURES Part A: 1988 Part B: 1989 E. HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY TESTING/DATA F. SURFACE FLOW MEASUREMENTS Part 1: Weir Part 2: Stream gauging G. SEEPAGE METER METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS H. CORING AND SQUEEZING METHODS I. CORE AND SOIL PIT DESCRIPTIONS J. LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS TO ADDRESS WATER QUALITY Part A: Duplicates, blanks, and comparative analyses Part B: Filtration experiment Part C: Dissolved organic carbon Part D: Carbon-13 K. CHEMICAL AND ISOTOPIC ANALYSES OF POREWATERS EXTRACTED FROM CORES L. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF TILL M. WATER BALANCE THEORY

Note: Preface Introduction Magmatic and hydrothermal processes in ore-bearing systems Judith L. Hannah and Holly J. Stein Theoretical and Experimental Studies Theoretical contraints on the chemistry of the magmatic aqueous phase Philip A. Candela Partitioning of F and Cl between magmatic hydrothermal fluids and highly evolved granitic magma James D. Webster and John R. Holloway Internal differentiation of rare-element pegmatites; A synthesis of recent research David London Fluorine-rich Granite-Rhyolite Systems The petrogenetic and metallogenetic significance of topaz granite from the southwest England orefield D.A.C. Manning and P. I. Hill The role of fluorine in the petrogenesis of magmatic segregations in the SL Francois volcano-plutonic terrane, southeastern Missouri P. I. Nabelek and C. Russ-Nabelek Melt inclusions in the quartz phenocrysts of rhyolites from Topaz and Keg Mountains, Thomas Range, Utah Christine Payette and Robert F. Martin Rare-metal enriched peralumininous rhyolites in a continental arc, Sierra Bianca area, Trans-Pecos Texas; Chemical modification by vapor-phase crystallization Jonathan G. Price, Jeffrey N. Rubin, Christopher D. Henry, Thomas L. Pinkston, Steven W. Tweedy, and David W. Koppenaal Tin and Tungsten-bearing Granitoids Comparative petrologic evolution of the Sn and W granites of the Fairbanks-Circle area, interior Alaska R. J. Newberry, L. E. Bums, S. E. Swanson, and T. E. Smith Mineralogical variation as a guide to the petrogenesis of the tin granites and related skarns, Seward Peninsula, Alaska Samuel E. Swanson, Rainer J. Newberry, Gary A. Coulter, and Thomas M. Dyehouse Geochemistry of highly fractionated I- and S-type granites from the tin-tungsten province of western Tasmania W. N. Sawka, M. T. Heizler, R. W. Kistler, and B. W. Chappell Genesis and fluid evolution of the East Kemptville greisen-hosted tin mine, southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada Jean M. Richardson, Keith Bell, David H. Watkinson, and John Blenkinsop Mica chemistry as an indicator of oxygen and halogen fugacities in the CanTung and other W-related granitoids in the North American Cordillera W. T. van Middelaar and J. D. Keith The Black Pearl mine, Arizona; Wolframite veins and stockscheider pegmatite related to an albitic stock Christopher Schmitz and Donald M. Burt Tin-bearing Rhyolites, Black Range, New Mexico Genesis of the rhyolite-hosted tin occurrences in the Black Range, New Mexico, as indicated by stable isotope studies Robert O. Rye, John L. Lufkin, and Michael D. Wasserman Eruptive fountains of silicic magma and their possible effects on the tin content of fountain-fed lavas, Taylor Creek Rhyolite, New Mexico Wendell A. Duffield Origin of Taylor Creek rhyolite magma, Black Range, New Mexico, based on Nd-Sr isotope studies Cadi Reece, Joaquin Ruiz, Wendell A. Duffield, and P. Jonathan Patchett Other Pre-Tertiary Granitoid Examples Petrogenesis of the Proterozoic rapakivi granites of Finland Ilmari Haapala and O. Tapani Rämö The Topsails igneous suite, western Newfoundland; Fractionation and magma mixing in an "orogenic" A-type granite suite Joseph B. Whalen and Kenneth L. Currie Anorogenic, bimodal emplacement of anorthositic, charnockitic, and related rocks in the Adirondack Mountains, New York James McLelland and Philip Whitney Geochemistry and metallogeny of Arizona peraluminous granitoids with reference to Appalachian and European occurrences Anne L. Shaw and John M. Guilbert Index

Note: Zugl.: Berlin, Freie Univ., Habil.-Schr.

Note: CONTENTS: 1 Overview. - 1.1 Introduction. - 1.2 Examples and Scope of This Book. - 2 Fundamental Concepts. - 2.1 Stochastic Processes. - 2.2 The Autocovariance and Autocarrelation Functions. - 2.3 The Partial Autocarrelation Function. - 2.4 White Noise Processes. - 2.5 Estimation of the Mean, Autocovariances, and Autocarrelations. - 2.5.1 Sample Mean. - 2.5.2 Sample Autocovariance Function. - 2.5.3 Sample Autocarrelation Function. - 2.5.4 Sample Partial Autocarrelation Function. - 2.6 Moving Average and Autoregressive Representations of Time Series Processes. - 2.7 Linear Difference Equations. - Exercises. - 3 Stationary Time Series Models. - 3.1 Autoregressive Processes. - 3.1.1 The First Order Autoregressive AR(1) Process. - 3.1.2 The Second Order Autoregressive AR(2) Process. - 3.1.3 The General pth Order Autoregressive AR(p)Process. - 3.2 Moving Average Processes. - 3.2.1 The First Order Moving Average MA(1) Process. - 3.2.2 The Second Order Moving Average MA(2) Process. - 3.2.3 The General qth Order Moving Average MA(q) Process. - 3.3 The Dual Relationship between AR(p) and MA(q) Processes. - 3.4 Autoregressive Moving Average ARMA(p,q) Processes. - 3.4.1 The General Mixed ARMA(p,q) Process. - 3.4.2 The ARMA(1, 1) Process. - Exercises. - 4 Nonstationary Time Series Models. - 4.1 Nonstationarity in the Mean. - 4.1.1 Deterministic Trend Models. - 4.1.2 Stochastic Trend Models and Differencing. - 4.2 Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average ARIMA Models. - 4.2.1 The General ARIMA Model. - 4.2.2 The Random Walk Model. - 4.2.3 The ARIMA(0, 1, 1) or IMA(1, 1) Model. - 4.3 Nonstationarity in the Variance and the Autocovariance. - 4.3.1 Variance and Autocovariance of the ARIMA Models. - 4.3.2 Variance Stabilizing Transformations. - Exercises. - 5 Forecasting. - 5.1 lntroduction. - 5.2 Minimum Mean Square Error Forecasts. - 5.2.1 Minimum Mean Square Error Forecasts for ARMA Models. - 5.2.2 Minimum Mean Square Error Forecasts for ARIMA Models. - 5.3 Computation of Forecasts. - 5.4 The ARIMA Forecast as a Weighted Average of Previous Observations. - 5.5 Updating Forecasts. - 5.6 Eventual Forecast Functions. - 5.7 A Numerical Example. - Exercises. - 6 Model ldentification. - 6.1 Steps for Model ldentification. - 6.2 Empirical Examples. - 6.3 Inverse Autocarrelation Function (IACF). - 6.4 Extended Sample Autocarrelation Function and Other ldentification Procedures. - 6.4.1 Extended Sample Autocarrelation Function (ESACF). - 6.4.2 Other ldentification Procedures. - Exercises. - 7 Parameter Estimation, Diagnostic Checking, and Model Selection. - 7.1 The Method of Moments. - 7.2 Maximum Likelihood Method. - 7.2.1 Conditional Maximum Likelihood Estimation. - 7.2.2 Unconditional Maximum Likelihood Estimationand Backcasting Method. - 7.2.3 Exact Likelihood Functions. - 7.3 Nonlinear Estimation. - 7.4 Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Estimation in Time Series Analysis. - 7.5 Diagnostic Checking. - 7.6 Empirical Examples for Series W1-W7. - 7.7 Model Selection Criteria. - Exercises. - 8 Seasonal Time Series Models. - 8.1 Introduction. - 8.2 Traditional Methods. - 8.2.1 Regression Method. - 8.2.2 Moving Average Method. - 8.3 Seasonal ARIMA Models. - 8.4 Empirical Examples. - Exercises. - 9 Intervention Analysis and Outlier Detection. - 9.1 Intervention Models. - 9.2 Examples of Intervention Analysis. - 9.3 Time Series Outliers. - 9.3.1 Additive and Innovational Outliers. - 9.3.2 Estimation of the Outlier Effect When theTiming of the Outlier ls Known. - 9.3.3 Detection of Outliers Using an Iterative Procedure. - 9.4 Examples of Outlier Analysis. - 9.5 Remarks on Outlier and Intervention Problems. - Exercises. - 10 Fourier Analysis. - 10.1 Introduction. - 10.2 Orthogonal Functions. - 10.3 Fourier Representation of Finite Sequences. - 10.4 Fourier Representation of Periodic Sequences. - 10.5 Fourier Representation of Nonperiodic Sequences - The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform. - 10.6 Fourier Representation of Continuous-Time Functions. - 10.6.1 Fourier Representation of Periodic Functions. - 10.6.2 Fourier Representation of Nonperiodic Functions - The Continuous-Time Fourier Transform. - 10.7 The Fast Fourier Transform. - Exercises. - 11 Spectral Theory of Stationary Processes. - 11.1 The Spectrum. - 11.1.1 The Spectrum and lts Properties. - 11.1.2 The Spectral Representation of Autocovariance Functions - The Spectral Distribution Function. - 11.1.3 Wold's Decomposition of a Stationary Process. - 11.1.4 The Spectral Representation of Stationary Processes. - 11.2 The Spectrum of Same Common Processes. - 11.2.1 The Spectrum and the Autocovariance Generating Function. - 11.2.2 The Spectrum of ARMA Models. - 11.2.3 The Spectrum of the Sum of Two Independent Processes. - 11.2.4 The Spectrum of Seasonal Models. - 11.3 The Spectrum of Linear Filters. - 11.4 Aliasing. - Exercises. - 12 Estimation of the Spectrum. - 12.1 Periodogram Analysis. - 12.1.1 The Periodogram. - 12.1.2 Sampling Properties of the Periodogram. - 12.1.3 Test for Hidden Periodic Components. - 12.2 The Sample Spectrum. - 12.3 The Smoothed Spectrum. - 12.3.1 Smoothing in the Frequency Domain - The Spectral Window. - 12.3.2 Smoothing in the Time Domain - The Lag Window. - 12.3.3 Some Commonly Used Windows. - 12.3.4 Approximate Confidence Intervals for Spectral Ordinates. - 12.4 ARMA Spectral Estimation. - Exercises. - 13 Transfer Function Models. - 13.1 Single-Input Transfer Function Models. - 13.1.1 General Concepts. - 13.1.2 Some Typical Impulse Response Functions. - 13.2 The Cross-Correlation Function and Transfer Function Models. - 13.2.1 The Cross-Correlation Function (CCF). - 13.2.2 The Relationship between the Cross-Correlation Function and the Transfer Function. - 13.3 Construction of Transfer Function Models. - 13.3.1 Sample Cross-Correlation Function. - 13.3.2 Identification of Transfer Function Models. - 13.3.3 Estimation of Transfer Function Models. - 13.3.4 Diagnostic Checking of Transfer Function Models. - 13.3.5 An Empirical Example. - 13.4 Forecasting Using Transfer Function Models. - 13.4.1 Minimum Mean Square Error Forecasts for Stationary Input and Output Series. - 13.4.2 Minimum Mean Square Error Forecasts for Nonstationary Input and Output Series. - 13.4.3 An Example. - 13.5 Bivariate Frequency-Domain Analysis. - 13.5.1 Cross-Covariance Generating Functions and the Cross-Spectrum. - 13.5.2 Interpretation of the Cross-Spectral Functions. - 13.5.3 Examples. - 13.5.4 Estimation of the Cross-Spectrum. - 13.6 The Cross-Spectrum and Transfer Function Models. - 13.6.1 Construction of Transfer Function Models through Cross-Spectrum Analysis. - 13.6.2 Cross-Spectral Functions of Transfer Function Models. - 13.7 Multiple Input Transfer Function Models. - Exercises. - 14 Vector Time Series Models. - 14.1 Covariance and Correlation Matrix Functions. - 14.2 Moving Average and Autoregressive Representations of Vector Processes. - 14.3 The Vector Autoregressive Moving Average Process. - 14.3.1 Vector AR(1) Models. - 14.3.2 Vector AR(p) Models. - 14.3.3 Vector MA(1) Models. - 14.3.4 Vector MA(q) Models. - 14.3.5 Vector ARMA(1, 1) Models. - 14.3.6 Remarks on Vector ARMA Representations. - 14.4 Nonstationary Vector Autoregressive Moving Average Models. - 14.5 Identification of Vector Time Series Models. - 14.5.1 Sample Correlation Matrix Function. - 14.5.2 Partial Autoregression Matrices. - 14.5.3 Partial Lag Correlation Matrix Function. - 14.6 Model Fitting and Forecasting. - 14.7 An Empirical Example. - 14.8 Partial Process and Partial Process Correlation Matrices. - 14.8.1 Covariance Matrix Generating Functions. - 14.8.2 Partial Covariance Matrix Generating Function. - 14.8.3 Partial Process Sample Correlation Matrix Functions. - 14.8.4 An Empirical Example - The U. S. Hog Data. - 14.9 Spectral Properties of Vector Processes. - Exercises. - 15 State Space Models and the Kaiman Filter. - 15.1 Introduction. - 15.2 The Relationship between State Space and ARMA models. - 15.3 State Space Model Fitting and Canonic

Note: Table of Contents PROLOGUE The Geological History of Cenozoic Polar Oceans: Arctic Versus Antarctic - An Introduction / U. Bleil, and J. Thiede PHYSIOGRAPHY AND PLATE TECTONICS OF THE POLAR DEEP-SEA BASINS AND THEIR CONTINENTAL MARGINS Morphology and Plate Tectonics: The Modern Polar Oceans / G. L. Johnson The Opening of the Arctic Ocean / L. A. Lamer, R. D. Müller, S. P. Srivastava, and W. Roest On the Tectonic Evolution and Paleoceanographic Significance of the Fram Strait Gateway / Y. Kristoffersen The Evolution of the Svalbard Margins: Synthesis and New Results / E. Sundvor, and A. Austegard The Western Barents Sea During the Cenozoic / T. O. Vorren, G. Richardsen, S.-M. Knutsen, and E. Henriksen Structures in Rift-Basin Sediments on the Conjugate Margins of Western Tasmania, South Tasman Rise, and Ross Sea, Antarctica / K Him, M. Hemmerich, U. Salge, and O. Eiken A Fine-Scale Seismic Stratigraphy of the Eastern Margin of the Weddell Sea / H. Miller, J. P. Henriet, N. Kaul, and A. Moons Some Speculations Regarding the Nature of the Explora-Andenes Escarpment, Weddell Sea / J. P. Henriet, and H. Miller POLAR ICE - COVERS AS GEOLOGICAL AGENTS A Comparison of Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice and the Effects of Different Properties on Sea Ice Biota / M. Spindler Sea Ice Characteristics and the Role of Sediment Inclusions in Deep-Sea Deposition: Arctic - Antarctic Comparisons / Pfirman, M. A. Lange, I. Wollenburg, and P. Schlosser Cycles, Rhythms, and Events in Quaternary Arctic and Antarctic Glaciomarine Deposits / R. Henrich Cenozoic Glacier Fluctuations in Polar Regions - Terrestrial Records From Antarctica and the North Atlantic Sector of the Arctic / B. G. Andersen Past Changes in Precipitation Rate and Ice Thickness as Derived From Age-Depth Profiles in Ice-Sheets; Application to Greenland and Canadian Arctic Ice Core Records / N. Reeh Stability of the Arctic Ocean Ice-Cover and Pleistocene Warming Events: Outlining the Problem / D. L. Clark Late Weichselian Ice Recession in the Central Barents Sea / A. Elverhøi, M. Nyland-Berg, L. Russwurm, and A. Solheim MODERN DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF POLAR OCEANS Distribution Patterns of Calcareous Foraminifers in Arctic Ocean Sediments / N. V. Befyaeva, and T. A. Khusid Physiographic and Biologic Factors Controlling Surface Sediment Distributionin the Fram Strait / H. Berner, and G. Wefer Norwegian - Iceland Seas: Transfer Functions Between Marine Planktic Diatoms and Surface Water Temperature / H. Schroder, and N. Koc Karpuz Particle Sedimentation and Productivity in Antarctic Waters of the Atlantic Sector / G. Wefer, G. Fischer, D. K Futterer, R Gersonde, S. Honjo, and D. Ostermann Sediment Patterns in the Southern Weddell Sea: Filchner Shelf and Filchner Depression / D. K. Futterer, and M. Melles QUATERNARY HISTORY AND PALEOCEANOGRAPHY OF POLAR OCEANS The Last Deglaciation in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres: A Comparison Based on Oxygen Isotope, Sea Surface Temperature Estimates, and Accelerator 14C Dating From Deep-Sea Sediments / E. Bard, L. D. Labeyrie, J.-J. Pichon, M. Labracherie, M. Arnold, J. Duprat, J.Moyes, and J.-C. Duplessy Synthesis of Arctic and Sub-Arctic Coccolith Biochronology and History of North Atlantic Drift Water Influx During the Last 500.000 Years / G. Gard, and J. Backman Coccoliths in Sediments of the Eastern Arctic Basin / M. Baumann Foraminiferal Assemblages in Sediments From Mendeleev Ridge, Arctic Ocean / N. V. Befyaeva, and T. A. Khusid Physical and Acoustic Properties of Arctic Ocean Deep-Sea Sediments: Paleoclimatic Implications / J. Mienert, L. A. Mayer, G. A. Jones, and J. W. King High Resolution 10Be and 230Th Stratigraphy of Late Quaternary Sediments From the Fram Strait (Core 23235) / A. Eisenhauer, A. Mangini, R Botz, P. Walter, J. Beer, G. Bonani,M. Suter, H. J.Hofmann, and W. Wölfli The Enigma of Oxygen Isotope Stage 5 in the Central Fram Strait / S. E. I. Kohler, and R F. Spielhagen Dropstones in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea - Indications of Late Quaternary Circulation Patterns? / J. Bischof Glacial to Interglacial Changes in the Isotopic Gradients of Southern Ocean Surface Water / C. D. Charles, and R G. Fairbanks Stable Isotope Record and Late Quaternary Sedimentation Rates at the Antarctic Continental Margin / H. Grobe, A. Mackensen, H.-W. Hubberten, V. Spiess, and D.K Futterer PRE-QUATERNARY RECORDS OF POLAR OCEAN HISTORY Evolution of Biosiliceous Sedimentation Patterns - Eocene through Quaternary: Paleoceanographic Response to Polar Cooling / J. G. Baldauf, and J. A. Barron Neogene to Recent Palynostratigraphy of Circum-Arctic Basins: Results of ODP Leg 104, Norwegian Sea, Leg 105, Baffin Bay, and DSDP Site 611, Irminger Sea / P.J. Mudie, A. de Vernal, and M.J. Head Miocene to Quaternary Paleoceanography in the Northern North Atlantic: Variability in Carbonate and Biogenic Opal Accumulation / G. Bohrmann, R Henrich, and J. Thiede Neogene and Pleistocene Glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere and Late Miocene - Pliocene Global Ice Volume Fluctuations: Evidence From the Norwegian Sea / E. Jansen, J. Sjoholm, U. Bleil, and J. A. Erichsen Southern Ocean Response to the Intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation at 2.4 Ma / D. A. Hodell, and P. F. Ciesielski Pliocene - Pleistocene Paleoceanography in the Weddell Sea - Siliceous Microfossil Evidence / A. Abelmann, R. Gersonde, and V. Spiess Polar Front Fluctuations and the Upper Gauss to Brunhes Paleoceanographic Record in the Southeast Atlantic Ocean / F. Westall, and J. Fenner Authors Index Subject Index