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  • ddc:600  (736)
  • thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history  (717)
  • English  (1,450)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-07-03
    Description: The implementation of the circular economy is crucial to combat climate change especially in energy- and carbon-intensive sectors like the steel industry. It requires the environmental assessment of circular interventions to steel products to ensure that they are in line with targets of the circular economy - increase of resource efficiency and sustainability. Based on previous case studies and established methodologies, an environmental assessment framework is suggested and applied. It comprises a Material Flow Analysis to quantify selected mass-based indicators to evaluate the parameters of circular economy, as well as a Life Cycle Assessment to quantify the difference of the environmental impact. The application to a case study in the metalworking industries shows that the implementation of repurposing to a machining knife and hand tools contributes to all circular economy strategies - narrowing, slowing, and closing. At first, however, the circular intervention did not lead to a reduction of the environmental impact. It was found that the optimization of share of secondary material, energy mix, grinding, and transportation can lower the environmental impact of the circular compared to the conventional product system. Considering the increased product functionality, the environmental performance of the circular product system is superior. The study shows the importance of integrating assessment methods covering the resource level and environmental sustainability since focusing only on the resource efficiency can be misleading. At the same time, it stresses the need to apply environmental assessments in the product development stage to design environmentally sustainable and resource-efficient product systems.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-06-07
    Description: Over 175 million Nigerians rely on the use of traditional biomass for cooking, and it is estimated that more than 128,000 people died in Nigeria in 2019 from household air pollution related to these fuels. There is currently a gap in the study of possible pathways to meet Nigeria's goals in clean cooking and in understanding the health and climate impacts that different pathways can bring about. We explore clean cooking access scenarios for Nigeria until 2060 under a business-as-usual scenario, a moderate climate mitigation scenario, and an ambitious transformative scenario. We carry out a disaggregation at the state level for the period up to 2030 to better guide shorter-term policy development. Our analysis shows that under an ambitious scenario where 85 million households achieve access to clean cooking by 2060, annual premature deaths due to exposure to household air pollution would decrease by 7 % compared to 2018 levels. A baseline scenario, on the other hand, sees a dramatic 77 % increase, resulting in 209,000 people dying prematurely, of which 94,000 children under 5. Furthermore, we find that woodfuel removals from forestland would lead to a tripling of carbon dioxide emissions from land use change, reaching 602 Mt CO2 by 2060. Our findings stress the vital importance of a clean cooking transition in Nigeria and underline the urgent need for immediate acceleration in national efforts regarding access to clean cooking for all.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Education for Sustainable Development requires raising individuals' awareness of problems relevant to the environment. We designed a Generative Toolkit that supports industrial design students carrying out a Speculative Design task and through this process initiates greater problem awareness of low metal recycling rates. In this paper we give insights into the Toolkit's theoretical derivation and the design process. Findings from testing suggest that there are several opportunities for improvement, such as considering further content-related competencies in the Toolkit's design.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: The steel industry is responsible for eight per cent of global CO2 emissions. As more than seven out of ten of today's coal-fired blast furnaces are due to be refurbished or replaced in the 2020s, there is a key window of opportunity to shift to low-emission production methods before the end of this decade. The analysis by Agora Industry, Wuppertal Institute and Lund University assesses eight potential breakthrough technologies in terms of their market readiness, cost and impact on emissions. The methods analysed include the use of hydrogen to produce direct reduced iron, scrap-based electric arc furnaces, electrolysis and the implementation of carbon capture in existing coal-fired facilities. While some of these technologies can already be deployed today to kick-start the market for green steel, others will take more time to reach technological maturity, but show promise in the long-term. A third group may never turn into adequate solutions for decarbonising the steel sector. In their analysis, the scientists conclude that scrap and hydrogen-based methods hold the biggest promise for companies aiming to make the switch this decade. By contrast, retrofitting existing coal-based facilities with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology entails the biggest economic and environmental risk, the authors find. Regardless of the technologies chosen, appropriate regulatory frameworks, international cooperation, and targeted incentives are necessary to boost demand for green steel and promote its production. At the same time, such measures can help steer manufacturers away from costly technological dependencies.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 6
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    Central European University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Escaping Kakania is about fascinating characters—soldiers, doctors, scientists, writers, painters—who traveled from their eastern European homelands to colonial Southeast Asia. Their stories are told by experts on different countries in the two regions, who bring diverse approaches into a conversation that crosses disciplinary and national borders. The 14 chapters deal with the diverse encounters of eastern Europeans with the many faces of colonial southeast Asia. Some essays directly engage with post-colonial studies, contributing to an ongoing critical re-evaluation of eastern European “semi-peripheral” (non-)involvement in colonialism. Other chapters disclose a range of perspectives and narratives that illuminate the plurality of the travelers’ positions while reflecting on the specificity of the eastern European experience. The travellers moved—as do the chapter authors—between two regions that are off-centre, in-between, shiftingly “Eastern,” and disorientingly heterogeneous, thus complicating colonial and postcolonial notions of “Europe,” “East,” and East-West distinctions. Both at home and overseas, they navigated among a multiplicity of peoples, “races,” and empires, Occidents and Orients, fantasies of the Self and the Other, adopting/adapting/mimicking/rejecting colonialist identities and ideologies. They saw both eastern Europe and southeast Asia in a distinctive light, as if through each other—and so will the readers of Escaping Kakania.
    Keywords: Travel and travel writing; eastern Europe; southeast Asia; colonialism/empire; European representations of Asia ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WT Travel and holiday::WTL Travel writing
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: The steel and chemical production industries are the largest industrial emitters of greenhouse gases in the European Union, together accounting for half of the EU’s industrial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A promising strategy for achieving deep GHG emissions reductions is the electrification of these two industries, which would depend on the rapid expansion of renewable electricity supply. Such electrification can be direct, where electrical appliances replace fossil fuel powered ones, or indirect, using renewable hydrogen produced from water by electricity. Both methods of electrification represent a systemic shift for these industrial systems and require a major wave of investment into new process technologies, as well as access to renewable electricity and green hydrogen. Old industrial structures could become stranded as a consequence of shifting energy and feedstock supply in this way. The thesis focuses geographically on the major region for EU steel and chemical production: the area between the two North Sea ports of Antwerp and Rotterdam in the west and the Rhine-Ruhr area in the east. It studies the technical and economic feasibility of electrification in the steel and chemical production industries (specifically petrochemicals), followed by an analysis of the impact on locational factors and possible spatial reconfigurations of the production system. The analysis builds on scenario methodology with extensive stakeholder engagement and uses different quantitative bottom-up models developed during several projects. To accelerate and facilitate the transformation of the two focal industries in the region, the thesis identifies strategic options for policy makers, steel and petrochemical companies, as well as for infrastructure providers such as port authorities and network operators. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of electrification and its potential to play a crucial role in the defossilised production of steel and petrochemicals, even in a region with a relatively low renewable electricity potential (such as the one studied). The transformation requires a hydrogen infrastructure for steel and petrochemical clusters and increased circularity, especially in the petrochemical industry. Some production steps in the value chain, such as iron making or chemical feedstock production, will have strong incentives to relocate (either partially or fully). However, other factors, such as the benefits of existing assets and the advantages of vertical integration in existing clusters, may discourage the total relocation of entire production chains.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 8
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    Central European University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-12
    Description: A long essay entitled 'Three Historical Regions of Europe', appearing first in a samizdat volume in Budapest in 1980, instantly put its author into the forefront of the transnational debate on Central Europe, alongside such intellectual luminaries as Milan Kundera and Czesław Miłosz. The present volume offers English-language readers a rich selection of the depth and breadth of the legacy of Jenő Szűcs (1928–1988). The selection documents Szűcs’s seminal contribution to many contemporary debates in historical anthropology, nationalism studies, and conceptual history. It contains his key texts on the history of national consciousness and patterns of collective identity, as well as medieval and early modern political thought. The works published here, most of them previously unavailable in English, provide a sophisticated analysis of a wide range of subjects from the myths of origins of Hungarians before Christianization to the political and religious ideology of the Dózsa peasant uprising in 1514, the medieval roots of civil society, or the revival of ethnic nationalism during the communist era. The volume, with an introduction by the editors locating Szűcs in a transnational context, offers a unique insight into the complex and sensitive debate on national identity in post-1945 East Central Europe.
    Keywords: historiography; nationalism; conceptual history; national identity; ethnic identity ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHA History: theory and methods::NHAH Historiography ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTR National liberation and independence
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Central European University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-05-12
    Description: Through a skillful combination of economic and cultural history, this book describes the impact on Moldavia and Wallachia of steam navigation on the Danube. The Danube route integrated the two principalities into a dense network of European roads and waterways. From the 1830s to the 1860s, steamboat transport transformed time and space for the areas that benefited from regular services. River traffic accelerated urban development along the Lower Danube and contributed directly to institutional modernization in one of Europe’s peripheries. Beyond technological advances and the transportation of goods on a trans-imperial waterway, steamboat travel revolutionized human interactions, too. The book offers a fascinating insight into the social and cultural milieu of the nineteenth century, drawing on first-hand accounts of Danube cruising. Describing the story of travelers who interacted, met, and visited the places they stopped, Constantin Ardeleanu creates a transnational history of travel up and down the Danube from Vienna to Constantinople. The pleasures and sometimes the travails of the travelers unfold against a backdrop of technical and economic transformation in the crucial period of modernization.
    Keywords: Transportation revolution; sociality; quarantines; Wallachia; Moldavia ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WT Travel and holiday::WTL Travel writing ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DZ Europe: physical features::1DZA Europe: rivers, lakes etc::1DZAD Danube river and tributaries ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DX Southeast Europe ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MN 19th century, c 1800 to c 1899
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-05-12
    Description: This open access book explores the role of continuity in political processes and practices during the Age of Revolutions. It argues that the changes that took place in the years around 1800 were enabled by different types of continuities across Europe and in the Americas. With historians of modernity tending to emphasise the rise of the new, scholarship has leaned towards an assumption that existing modes of action, thought and practice simply became extinct, irrelevant or at least subordinate to new modes. In contrast, this collection examines continuities between early modern and modern political cultures and organization in Europe and the Americas. Shifting the focus from political modernization, the authors examine the continued relevance of older, often local, practices in (post)revolutionary politics. By doing so, they aim to highlight the role of local political traditions and practices in forging and enabling political change. The book argues that while political change was in fact at the centre of both the old and new polities that emerged in the Age of Revolutions, it coexisted with, and was indeed enabled by, continuities at other levels.
    Keywords: Political culture ; Political processes ; Age of Revolutions ; Early modern ; Modern Europe ; Modernity ; Local politics ; Political tradition ; Political change ; Transition ; Political activism ; Citizenship ; Continuity ; Revolutionary Era ; Europe and the Americas ; American history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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