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  • Political Science  (1,103)
  • ddc:600  (736)
  • English  (1,839)
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  • 1
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    An environmental assessment framework for circular steel products (2024)
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    Publication Date: 2024-07-03
    Description: The implementation of the circular economy is crucial to combat climate change especially in energy- and carbon-intensive sectors like the steel industry. It requires the environmental assessment of circular interventions to steel products to ensure that they are in line with targets of the circular economy - increase of resource efficiency and sustainability. Based on previous case studies and established methodologies, an environmental assessment framework is suggested and applied. It comprises a Material Flow Analysis to quantify selected mass-based indicators to evaluate the parameters of circular economy, as well as a Life Cycle Assessment to quantify the difference of the environmental impact. The application to a case study in the metalworking industries shows that the implementation of repurposing to a machining knife and hand tools contributes to all circular economy strategies - narrowing, slowing, and closing. At first, however, the circular intervention did not lead to a reduction of the environmental impact. It was found that the optimization of share of secondary material, energy mix, grinding, and transportation can lower the environmental impact of the circular compared to the conventional product system. Considering the increased product functionality, the environmental performance of the circular product system is superior. The study shows the importance of integrating assessment methods covering the resource level and environmental sustainability since focusing only on the resource efficiency can be misleading. At the same time, it stresses the need to apply environmental assessments in the product development stage to design environmentally sustainable and resource-efficient product systems.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 2
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    Towards clean cooking energy for all in Nigeria : pathways and impacts (2024)
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    Publication Date: 2024-06-07
    Description: Over 175 million Nigerians rely on the use of traditional biomass for cooking, and it is estimated that more than 128,000 people died in Nigeria in 2019 from household air pollution related to these fuels. There is currently a gap in the study of possible pathways to meet Nigeria's goals in clean cooking and in understanding the health and climate impacts that different pathways can bring about. We explore clean cooking access scenarios for Nigeria until 2060 under a business-as-usual scenario, a moderate climate mitigation scenario, and an ambitious transformative scenario. We carry out a disaggregation at the state level for the period up to 2030 to better guide shorter-term policy development. Our analysis shows that under an ambitious scenario where 85 million households achieve access to clean cooking by 2060, annual premature deaths due to exposure to household air pollution would decrease by 7 % compared to 2018 levels. A baseline scenario, on the other hand, sees a dramatic 77 % increase, resulting in 209,000 people dying prematurely, of which 94,000 children under 5. Furthermore, we find that woodfuel removals from forestland would lead to a tripling of carbon dioxide emissions from land use change, reaching 602 Mt CO2 by 2060. Our findings stress the vital importance of a clean cooking transition in Nigeria and underline the urgent need for immediate acceleration in national efforts regarding access to clean cooking for all.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    A generative toolkit to help raise industrial design students' awareness of low metal recycling rates (2024)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Education for Sustainable Development requires raising individuals' awareness of problems relevant to the environment. We designed a Generative Toolkit that supports industrial design students carrying out a Speculative Design task and through this process initiates greater problem awareness of low metal recycling rates. In this paper we give insights into the Toolkit's theoretical derivation and the design process. Findings from testing suggest that there are several opportunities for improvement, such as considering further content-related competencies in the Toolkit's design.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    What is the voluntary carbon market - and what contribution does it make to climate action? (2024)
    München : acatech - Deutsche Akademie der Technikwissenschaften
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Low-carbon technologies for the global steel transformation : a guide to the most effective ways to cut emissions in steelmaking (2024)
    Berlin : Agora Industry
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: The steel industry is responsible for eight per cent of global CO2 emissions. As more than seven out of ten of today's coal-fired blast furnaces are due to be refurbished or replaced in the 2020s, there is a key window of opportunity to shift to low-emission production methods before the end of this decade. The analysis by Agora Industry, Wuppertal Institute and Lund University assesses eight potential breakthrough technologies in terms of their market readiness, cost and impact on emissions. The methods analysed include the use of hydrogen to produce direct reduced iron, scrap-based electric arc furnaces, electrolysis and the implementation of carbon capture in existing coal-fired facilities. While some of these technologies can already be deployed today to kick-start the market for green steel, others will take more time to reach technological maturity, but show promise in the long-term. A third group may never turn into adequate solutions for decarbonising the steel sector. In their analysis, the scientists conclude that scrap and hydrogen-based methods hold the biggest promise for companies aiming to make the switch this decade. By contrast, retrofitting existing coal-based facilities with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology entails the biggest economic and environmental risk, the authors find. Regardless of the technologies chosen, appropriate regulatory frameworks, international cooperation, and targeted incentives are necessary to boost demand for green steel and promote its production. At the same time, such measures can help steer manufacturers away from costly technological dependencies.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Interaction between defossilisation of basic industries and relocation : scenario-based explorative and normative transition pathways to electrification for European basic industries and specific clusters (2024)
    Lund : Lund University
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: The steel and chemical production industries are the largest industrial emitters of greenhouse gases in the European Union, together accounting for half of the EU’s industrial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A promising strategy for achieving deep GHG emissions reductions is the electrification of these two industries, which would depend on the rapid expansion of renewable electricity supply. Such electrification can be direct, where electrical appliances replace fossil fuel powered ones, or indirect, using renewable hydrogen produced from water by electricity. Both methods of electrification represent a systemic shift for these industrial systems and require a major wave of investment into new process technologies, as well as access to renewable electricity and green hydrogen. Old industrial structures could become stranded as a consequence of shifting energy and feedstock supply in this way. The thesis focuses geographically on the major region for EU steel and chemical production: the area between the two North Sea ports of Antwerp and Rotterdam in the west and the Rhine-Ruhr area in the east. It studies the technical and economic feasibility of electrification in the steel and chemical production industries (specifically petrochemicals), followed by an analysis of the impact on locational factors and possible spatial reconfigurations of the production system. The analysis builds on scenario methodology with extensive stakeholder engagement and uses different quantitative bottom-up models developed during several projects. To accelerate and facilitate the transformation of the two focal industries in the region, the thesis identifies strategic options for policy makers, steel and petrochemical companies, as well as for infrastructure providers such as port authorities and network operators. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of electrification and its potential to play a crucial role in the defossilised production of steel and petrochemicals, even in a region with a relatively low renewable electricity potential (such as the one studied). The transformation requires a hydrogen infrastructure for steel and petrochemical clusters and increased circularity, especially in the petrochemical industry. Some production steps in the value chain, such as iron making or chemical feedstock production, will have strong incentives to relocate (either partially or fully). However, other factors, such as the benefits of existing assets and the advantages of vertical integration in existing clusters, may discourage the total relocation of entire production chains.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 7
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    Pulling Together or Pulling Apart? (2021)
    Peter Lang International Academic Publishers
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-12
    Description: In the aftermath of the twentieth century’s raging warfare, attempts were made to create an environment in which new relationships between European nations could be built around a common identity. Yet, in the twenty-first century, identity conflicts are gaining a new intensity in parts of the continent. In the analysis of some sub-state nationalist parties, the prospect of European Union membership reduces the economic and political risks of secession. Meanwhile, to the east, any moves towards expansion of EU membership are viewed by Russia not as a peace project but as acts of aggression. This volume assembles a series of comparative and single-area case studies drawn from different academic disciplines.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Archival Silences (2023)
    Routledge
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-11
    Description: Archival Silences demonstrates emphatically that archival absences exist all over the globe. The book questions whether benign ‘silence’ is an appropriate label for the variety of destructions, concealment and absences that can be identified within archival collections. Including contributions from archivists and scholars working around the world, this truly international collection examines archives in Australia, Brazil, Denmark, England, India, Iceland, Jamaica, Malawi, The Philippines, Scotland, Turkey and the United States. Making a clear link between autocratic regimes and the failure to record often horrendous crimes against humanity, the volume demonstrates that the failure of governments to create records, or to allow access to records, appears to be universal. Arguing that this helps to establish a hegemonic narrative that excludes the ‘other’, this book showcases the actions historians and archivists have taken to ensure that gaps in archives are filled. Yet the book also claims that silences in archives are inevitable and argues not only that recordkeeping should be mandated by international courts and bodies, but that we need to develop other ways of reading archives broadly conceived to compensate for absences.Archival Silences addresses fundamental issues of access to the written record around the world. It is directed at those with a concern for social justice, particularly scholars and students of archival studies, history, sociology, international relations, international law, business administration and information science.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Censorship ; History ; Language Arts & Disciplines ; Library & Information Science ; Archives & Special Libraries ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFV Ethical issues and debates::JBFV3 Ethical issues: censorship ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GL Library and information sciences / Museology::GLC Library, archive and information management
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Logics of War (2021)
    Cornell University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-11
    Description: Most wars between countries end quickly and at relatively low cost. The few in which high-intensity fighting continues for years bring about a disproportionate amount of death and suffering. What separates these few unusually long and intense wars from the many conflicts that are far less destructive? In Logics of War, Alex Weisiger tests three explanations for a nation’s decision to go to war and continue fighting regardless of the costs. He combines sharp statistical analysis of interstate wars over the past two centuries with nine narrative case studies. He examines both well-known conflicts like World War II and the Persian Gulf War, as well as unfamiliar ones such as the 1864–1870 Paraguayan War (or the War of the Triple Alliance), which proportionally caused more deaths than any other war in modern history.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Adolf Hitler ; Argentina ; Germany ; Paraguay ; Unconditional surrender ; United States ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JW Warfare and defence::JWA Theory of warfare and military science
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    15 insights on the global steel transformation (2024)
    Berlin : Agora Industry
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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