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  • thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general  (856)
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  • 101
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue highlights how zoos, aquariums, and botanical gardens have partnered with organizations and agencies to address local and regional conservation issues through research and education projects, rehabilitation programs, policymaking efforts, and other types of activities. Understanding how such partnerships are developed and maintained, the challenges encountered, and success stories (as well as unsuccessful ones) were of interest. Hopefully, the stories shared and lessons learned will guide other organizations in their local and regional conservation efforts.
    Keywords: botanical gardens ; conservation ; collaboration ; natural resource management ; outreach ; science communication ; endangered species ; pollinator ; conservation horticulture ; seed banking ; conservation partnerships ; amphibian ; translocation ; release ; head-starting ; reintroduction ; breeding ; New England cottontail ; ex situ breeding ; rattlesnake ; head-start ; Conservation ; zoo ; aquarium ; southern sea otter ; surrogacy ; wildlife rehabilitation ; zoos ; local native species ; regional conservation ; local wildlife ; collaborative partnership ; habitat restoration ; pollinator garden ; community engagement ; n/a ; headstarting ; land management ; rehabilitation ; sustainability ; bison ; butterfly ; ex situ conservation ; government agency ; in situ conservation ; native mussels ; turtles ; zoos and aquariums ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 102
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue published one editorial, eight articles and four reviews from approximately one hundred authors. It aimed to provide cutting-edge research on pre-clinical development and the clinical translation of radiopharmaceuticals within the molecular imaging community. The Special Issue covered radioligand development, existing radiotracer optimization, imaging agent evaluation in animal models, the clinical production of radiopharmaceuticals, and investigative research on the use of molecular imaging probes in human subjects. We appreciate all the authors’ significant contributions to this Special Issue and hope the readers will enjoy the content.
    Keywords: nanoparticle ; multimodal imaging ; photoacoustic ; heterobivalent peptide ; Alzheimer’s disease ; amyloid-beta ; animal model ; astrocyte ; blood–brain barrier ; imaging ; metabolism ; microglia ; neuroinflammation ; neurotransmitter receptors ; positron emission tomography ; synaptic density ; vascular imaging ; FDG ; PET/CT ; microvasculature imaging ; ABC-transporter ; drug-induced liver injury ; hepatotoxicity ; organic anion-transporting polypeptide ; pharmacokinetics ; liver function ; SLC-transporter ; V/Q PET/CT ; [68Ga]Ga-MAA ; 68Ga-labelled carbon nanoparticles ; glioblastoma ; fluorescence guided surgery ; 5-ALA ; fluorescein ; NIR-AZA ; magnetic resonance imaging ; high resolution ; hybrid imaging ; psychiatric disorders ; extracellular vesicles (EVs) ; umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC) ; diabetes ; I-124 ; positron emission tomography (PET) ; intravenous (I.V.) administration ; intra-arterial (I.A.) administration ; biodistribution ; fluorine-18 ; PET ; oxime ; PSMA ; lipophilicity ; radiometals ; copper-61 ; liquid targets ; post-processing ; [61Cu]Cu-DOTA-NOC ; [61Cu]Cu-DOTA-TOC ; [61Cu]Cu-DOTA-TATE ; FAP ; 99mTc-FAP inhibitor ; 99mTc-labeled iFAP ; tumor microenvironment ; SPECT ; GluN1/2B receptors ; NMDA ; [3H]ifenprodil ; σ1 and σ2 receptors ; receptor occupancy ; PET imaging ; drug development ; neurodegenerative diseases ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 103
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The application fields of colloid and interface chemistry are very wide, covering many aspects such as industrial and agricultural production, daily chemistry, enhanced oil recovery, and so on. The traditional experimental analysis of a colloid and interface chemistry system includes various instrumental analysis methods such as spectroscopy, rheometer, microscopes, etc. In recent decades, molecular simulation has become an important research method in this field. It can investigate at the molecular level and provide mechanisms or insights that are hard or even impossible to obtain from an experiment. Many applications of molecular simulation have been reported in the literature, such as the behavior of surfactant, self-assembly, enhanced oil recovery, adsorption around interface, etc. This reprint has collected ten research articles which relate to the application of molecular dyamics simulation in colloide and interface chemistry.
    Keywords: minimum miscible pressure ; CO2 enhanced oil recovery ; molecular dynamics ; antifouling membrane ; protein adsorption ; mussel protein ; hydrophilic film ; hydrophobic film ; molecular dynamics simulation ; pH-induced structural transitions ; rodlike micelle ; sphecial micelle ; cationic surfactant ; MHD stagnation flow ; nanofluid ; heat transfer ; carbon nanotube ; heat sink ; self-diffusion in liquids ; transport properties of liquids ; random walk process ; viscosity of liquids ; one-component plasma ; collective motion in liquids ; microemulsion ; interfacial tension ; end to end distance ; dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation ; demulsifier ; fluorinated ; demulsification mechanism ; neural network analysis ; genetic function approximation ; heavy oil-in-water emulsion ; demulsification ; Janus graphene oxide ; molecular dynamic simulation ; bidirectional pulsed electric field ; O/W emulsion ; antifouling polymer ; zwitterionic ; surface hydration ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry
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  • 104
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint titled “Analysis of Natural Bioactive Compounds in Plant, Food, and Pharmaceutical Products Using Chromatographic Techniques” deals with the separation and analysis of natural bioactive compounds in plants, foods, and pharmaceutical products. A growing tendency toward the discovery and use of natural bioactive compounds that are least harmful, have the fewest side effects, and fit the human body the most naturally has been noticed during the past few decades. As evidenced by the rise in recent studies on the therapeutic properties of plants, this trend has caused a return of healthcare professionals to nature and plants, but with a modern approach that specifically questions how plants help to heal humans and what their exact effects on the human body are. In order to identify and analyze natural bioactive compounds in plant, food, and pharmaceutical products, this reprint attempted to compile latest improvements, advancements, and analytical innovations in chromatographic techniques. In the last few decades, tremendous research on the analysis of natural bioactive compounds in plants, foods, and pharmaceutical products using wide range of chromatography techniques have been performed. This reprint has brought together prominent researchers who have explored a diverse applications range of chromatographic techniques in the extraction, separation, identification, and analysis of natural bioactive compounds.
    Keywords: C. indica ; propolis ; GC-MS ; antibacterial ; bioactive compounds ; chemical composition ; AGREE ; Curcuma longa ; curcumin ; nanoemulsion ; greener HPLC ; validation ; lavender oil ; cytotoxic ; scolicidal ; Musca domestica ; acaricide ; capillary electrophoresis ; fluorescence detection ; honey ; sugars ; breast cancer ; liquid chromatography ; bioanalytical methods ; neratinib ; naringenin ; dosage form ; HPLC ; pterostilbene ; solubility ; stability ; lamb meat ; heterocyclic aromatic amines ; roasted ; spices ; olive leaves ; extraction ; optimization ; ultrasound ; polyphenols ; flavonoids ; antioxidant ; Haberlea rhodopensis ; myconoside ; hispidulin 8-C-(6-O-acetyl-2″-O-syringoyl-β-glucopyranoside) ; GLUT1 transporter ; estrogen receptor and MYST acetyltransferase ; Gymnosperma glutinosum ; cosmetology ; skin care ; antioxidants ; bisabolol ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
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  • 105
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The potential of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) as an efficient tool in providing precise positioning has been widely recognized. In particular, the precise point positioning (PPP) technique is receiving increasing interest due to its cost-effectiveness, global coverage, and high accuracy. In addition, the emergence of multiple satellite navigation systems, including BDS, Galileo, modernized GPS, and GLONASS, brings great opportunities and challenges for PPP. For instance, the additional frequency as well as the new signal of BDS-3 and Galileo enables the fast convergence of PPP by efficient ambiguity resolution (AR). More recently, besides the standard point positioning, BDS, Galileo, as well as QZSS have also provided the satellite-based PPP service. Obviously, the development of multi-frequency multi-GNSS and their built-in PPP service has popularized the use of PPP as an efficiency technique in navigation, timing, as well as geoscience applications.
    Keywords: multi-GNSS ; precise point positioning (PPP) ; BDS ; GPS ; GLONASS ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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  • 106
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue contains 28 papers covering a wide range of topics related to plant genomics and genetics. The papers utilize a variety of genomic tools and techniques to explore topics such as identification of quantitative trait loci associated with flax seed yield and oil quality, mucilage and hull content in flax seeds, and genomic prediction for pasmo resistance in flax. Other papers focus on the identification and characterization of specific genes, such as the EXO70 gene family in wheat and related species, hydroxycinnamoyl transferase in tea plants, and the WRKY transcription factor GmWRKY12 in soybeans. Several papers examine gene expression and regulation in response to abiotic stress, such as drought and salt tolerance in moso bamboo, and the response to chilling in bell peppers. Other topics include genetic diversity analysis of crested wheatgrass, genome-wide analysis of chitin-binding protein gene family in peppers, and genome-wide bioinformatics analysis of MAPK gene family in kiwifruit. Overall, this Special Issue provides a comprehensive view of the current state of plant genomics research, showcasing the diversity of approaches and tools being used to better understand and improve crop plants.
    Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum ; UGlcAE gene family ; identification ; characterization ; plant hormones ; gene expression ; Jatropha curcas ; Dof gene family ; transcription factor ; phylogenetic analysis ; gene expression analysis ; warming ; BrHSFA2 ; BrHSP18.2s ; transcriptome ; alternative splicing ; Kenshin ; Verbena bonariensis ; drought stress ; transcriptome sequencing ; differentially expressed genes ; analysis ; non-coding RNA ; transcriptomes ; bell pepper ; chilling injury ; longan ; WRKY ; expression analysis ; flower induction ; abiotic stress ; chitin-binding protein ; chitinase ; pepper ; expression ; biotic stress ; flax ; genome-wide association study (GWAS) ; selective sweep ; genotyping by sequencing (GBS) ; bi-parental population ; single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ; seed yield ; plant height ; maturity ; fatty acid composition ; DNA methylation ; flower color chimera ; bisulfate sequencing ; comparative epigenomes ; transposon ; ornamental Prunus mume ; novel accessions ; PIC ; PCR ; EST-gSSRs ; genes ; genetic distance ; apple ; SAP gene family ; function analysis ; osmotic stress ; mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) ; kiwifruit ; phylogenetic relationships ; biotic and abiotic stresses ; genotyping-by-sequencing ; Agropyron ; genetic diversity ; genetic structure ; SNP ; flaxseed ; Linum usitatissimum ; GWAS ; seed mucilage content ; seed hull content ; ZmWRKY106 ; drought tolerance ; thermotolerance ; maize ; Pyrus hopeiensis ; cp genome ; IR boundary ; phylogeny ; Betula halophile ; salt stress ; Cleistogenes songorica ; LEA proteins ; abiotic stresses ; flow cytometry ; genome size ; nuclear DNA content ; reference genome assembly ; standardization ; upland cotton ; TCP genes ; miR319 ; target genes ; tea ; hydroxycinnamoyl transferase ; ABA signaling ; hormone ; stress responsive mechanism ; salt tolerance ; transgenic hairy root assay ; soybean ; regulation and efficiency of translation ; genome-wide scale ; experimental approaches ; computational algorithms ; features of plant mRNAs ; EXO70 ; Haynaldia villosa ; gene family ; phylogenetic relationship ; subcellular localization ; expression profiling ; rice ; trihelix transcription factor ; stress response ; light ; genomic selection ; genomic prediction ; genotyping by sequencing ; pasmo resistance ; pasmo severity ; quantitative trait loci ; single nucleotide polymorphism ; Septoria linicola ; Phyllostachys edulis ; Dof transcription factor ; flowering time ; satellite DNA ; genome evolution ; plants ; next-generation sequencing ; high order repeats ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 107
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Despite recent progress in developing new strategies, practices and technologies for water resource management, their dissemination and implementation have been limited. The nexus approach encompasses these interdependencies, and to promote this idea, different global frameworks are there to address global health in a holistic and comprehensive ways, such one earth, one health, eco-health, planetary health, etc. Planetary health is the most recent one advocated by the scientific communities as well as policy makers, however, very little has been done to present empirical scientific evidence from the ground. Considering the above-mentioned information gap, this special issue aimed to capture the persistently changing dimensions and new paradigms of water security, providing a holistic view including a wide range of sustainable solutions to address water security at different landscapes.
    Keywords: socio-hydrology ; Con Dao Island ; water resilience ; WEAP ; eutrophication ; variable interactions ; multiple linear regression ; reservoir ; water quality ; buffer zone ; land use/land cover ; Bangladesh ; heavy metals ; ecological risk ; Surma River ; Monte Carlo simulation ; multivariate analysis ; Hakanson risk index ; groundwater ; fractured rock ; hydrogeochemistry ; geochemical evolution ; environmental isotopes (δ18O ; δ2H ; and 3H) ; Ambaji Basin ; NW India ; socio-economic development ; water resource management ; EcoLab module ; hydrodynamics modeling ; surface water quality ; one dimension ; cage culture ; pond/lagoon culture ; MODFLOW ; groundwater modeling ; hydraulic conductivity ; coastal aquifer ; Mahanadi delta ; groundwater hydrology ; groundwater resource evaluation ; groundwater management ; groundwater reserves ; sustainable water resource management ; risk ; vulnerability ; climate change ; principal component analysis ; low-lying delta ; IPCC AR 4 and AR 5 ; microplastics ; freshwater ; human health ; Asia ; systematic review ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 108
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Inland lakes are indicators of climate change and environmental deterioration. As a unique ecosystem unit, an inland lake is one of the basic locations for human survival and development. In recent years, with the rapid development of regional society and economy, the ecological environment of inland lakes has been continuously disturbed by human activities under the influence of large-scale water and soil exploitation activities, which have affected the ecological environment of lakes. Therefore, lake ecological restoration and water quality monitoring under the coupled effect of climate change and human activities are the key to lake protection and management. In recent years, remote sensing has played an increasingly important role in the monitoring of the terrestrial water cycle. Remote sensing technology has been applied in many fields, such as water storage, water quality, water level, and hydrodynamics. Furthermore, the explosive growth of remote sensing data applications is driven by the coupling of multisource remote sensing data and the expansion of new modeling technology.
    Keywords: Lakes ; rivers ; water environment ; remote sensing ; modeling ; water resource management ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 109
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The broad field of hydrogen and power-to-gas promises us renewable energy storage and use in molecular forms—either gaseous or liquid—to decarbonise all energy sectors that currently depend on fossil fuels. We have recently witnessed a number of technical developments, trends and advancements that have enabled us to stand where we stand today. We find ourselves at a crossroads between theoretical groundwork and the actual, large-scale technical implementation of the energy transition.This reprint brings together current research findings from highly diverse disciplines, all of which can make a valuable contribution to the success of the energy transition. The research results yield insights into possible partial solutions that can be implemented in national, regional or even local energy systems at different implementation levels and detail, depending on boundary conditions and specific demands.The first contribution in this reprint is an editorial summarising the ten following research articles. It contains a table of the articles including research fields, titles, and methods. The reader can use it as a quick overview before turning to the detailed articles. The overarching themes covered here are: combustion research, electro catalysis, energy economy, energy storage, mobility, energy system analyses and finally, energy law and regulation.Enjoy reading “Progress in Power-to-Gas Energy Systems” to receive your personal update on this exciting research field.
    Keywords: gas network simulation ; energy system simulation ; hydrogen ; power-to-gas ; multi-energy system ; electrolysis ; steel ; Power-to-X ; wind power ; thermal energy storages ; oxysulfide ; electrocatalysis ; alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction ; combustion ; admixture ; blend ; H2NG ; emissions ; decarbonisation ; pollutants ; appliance technology ; geo-methanation ; CCU ; life cycle assessment ; large-scale energy storage ; energy transition ; PtG ; H2 ; energy system ; energy modelling ; energy system optimisation ; system analysis ; Power-to-Gas ; Power-to-Liquid ; transport ; future mobility concepts ; LCA ; environmental impacts ; synthetic fuels ; synthetic natural gas ; technology readiness level ; natural gas ; partially premixed ; water heater ; furnace ; appliances ; NOx emissions ; hythane ; hydrogen-blended gas ; power-to-hydrogen ; energy law ; energy regulation ; renewable energy ; legal framework ; energy ; residential appliances ; renewable energy adoption ; fuel interchangeability ; combustion performance ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 110
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The aim of this reprint is to provide more awareness of the use of bioplastics obtained from renewable resources in numerous aspects of our daily used items. This reprint presents recent progress in the use of innovative feedstock, full characterization of new biomaterials and innovative technologies used to produce innovative sustainable materials.
    Keywords: biobased polymers ; biobased polyesters ; biodegradable polymers ; sustainable development ; waste-derived materials ; renewable resources ; sustainable packaging ; green composites ; furan-based polymers ; compostable materials&nbsp ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 111
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: We are delighted to present this Special Issue to celebrate a remarkable milestone in the journey of Applied Dentistry. With great pleasure, we announce the publication of the journal's 20,000th paper. This remarkable achievement reflects the unwavering commitment and dedication of our esteemed authors, reviewers, and readers who have contributed to the advancement of dental research.Over the years, Applied Dentistry has emerged as a beacon of knowledge, serving as a platform for the dissemination of cutting-edge research and innovative ideas in various domains of dental science. Our journal encompasses a wide range of disciplines, covering everything from dental materials and biomaterials to preventive and therapeutic strategies, from clinical applications to regenerative dentistry.We envision this milestone as a stepping stone toward even greater accomplishments. Through the collaboration and collective efforts of researchers worldwide, we strive to push the boundaries of dental science, explore new frontiers, and improve oral health outcomes for individuals across the globe.In conclusion, we extend our warmest congratulations to all those who have contributed to the publication of the Special Issue celebrating Applied Dentistry's 20,000th paper milestone.
    Keywords: cigarette smoking ; cytokines ; pain ; peri-implantitis ; peri-implant crevicular fluid ; inflammation ; sealers ; vertical fracture ; root filling ; fracture resistance ; obturation technique ; clinical manifestations ; gingival disorders ; oral scurvy ; scurvy ; vitamin C deficiency ; marginal misfit ; laser profilometry ; Micro-CT ; selective laser melting ; CAD-CAM ; periapical surgery ; surgical endodontic treatment ; preoperative factors ; prospective study ; migrants ; middle-and low-income countries ; oral health of migrants ; oral hygiene habits ; migrant children’s oral health status ; dental caries ; gingival bleeding ; polymers ; polymethyl methacrylate ; bacteria ; disinfection ; oral health ; tooth shade ; skin color ; shade and age ; skin and shade ; Saudi ; PMMA ; acrylic teeth ; non-anatomic teeth ; semi-anatomic teeth ; injection molding technique ; compression molding technique ; denture processing ; tooth movement ; denture base resin ; posterior tooth form ; linear dimensional change ; complete denture ; CAD/CAM ; resin composite ; hardness ; instrumented indentation testing ; titanium alloy ; zirconia ; retention ; additive manufacturing ; subtractive manufacturing ; custom post and core ; 3D printing ; non-precious alloy ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 112
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Earth observation (EO), remote sensing (RS), and geoinformation (GI) technologies play a critical role in the study of Svalbard's environment, providing insights into the region's changes and supporting decision-making processes. This reprint presents a comprehensive overview of the applications of EO and RS technologies in Svalbard, covering a wide range of topics related to the environment. It includes contributions from leading experts in the field, providing insights into the current state of the art and future directions for research. The reprint starts by introducing the status of EO and RS in Svalbard, providing a solid foundation for readers new to the field. It then delves into specific applications of these technologies, including the monitoring of glaciers, snow cover, and permafrost using ground-, space-, and air-based RS platforms. Overall, this book aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the applications of EO and RS technologies in Svalbard, highlighting their importance in understanding and addressing the challenges faced by the region. It will be a valuable resource for researchers, students, policymakers, and practitioners in the fields of environmental science, geography, and remote sensing.
    Keywords: snow cover ; remote sensing ; sea ice variability ; vegetation growth ; arctic climate change ; Arctic aerosol ; aerosol transport ; aged aerosol ; aerosol modification ; aerosol optical properties ; aerosol microphysical properties ; aerosol remote sensing ; microphysical inversion ; aerosol radiative effect ; Arctic radiative budget ; earth observation ; COVID-19 ; Svalbard ; earth system science ; SIOS ; polar regions ; snow modelling ; MODIS ; Sentinel-2 ; permafrost ; active layer ; InSAR ; time series ; ground displacement ; ground temperature ; displacement progression ; thaw progression ; Arctic ; NDVI ; time-series ; onset of growth ; classifier ; disturbance ; drone ; ecological monitoring ; GLCM ; herbivore ; random forest ; winter climate effect ; grubbing ; Arctic clouds ; cirrus clouds ; ice clouds ; lidar ; ocean eddies ; marginal ice zone ; sea ice ; SAR imaging ; Fram Strait ; Greenland Sea ; Hopen Island ; Arctic Ocean ; tidewater glaciers ; surface elevation changes ; glacier geometry ; structure-from-motion ; terrestrial laser scanning ; digital elevation model ; ICESat-2 ; laser altimetry ; kinematic GPS experiments ; glaciology ; surge glaciers ; svalbard ; density dimension algorithm for ice surfaces ; airborne validation of satellite data ; lake ice ; Sentinel-1 ; water temperature ; glacier facies ; atmospheric correction ; pansharpening ; WorldView-2 ; Ny-Ålesund ; Chandra–Bhaga basin ; target detection ; supervised classification ; Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 ; time series analysis ; snow melt ; tundra ; plant phenology ; ice cover ; Antarctic ; spectral reflectance ; hyperspectral data ; ocean colour ; coastal darkening ; SPM ; sediment plumes ; Arctic coast ; regional tuning ; coastal ecosystems ; land-ocean-interaction ; riverine inputs ; geographic object-based image analysis ; glacier surface facies ; surface facies of glaciers ; pixel-based image analysis ; atmospheric corrections ; image processing routines ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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  • 113
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: "Molecules at Play in Cancer" is a collection of 24 research articles on recent findings about some important molecules responsible for either cancer development and proliferation, or anti-cancer therapy. It covers a wide range of tissues and organs affected by cancer: adrenal glands, blood, breasts, muscles, ovaries, prostate, stomach, and testicles.
    Keywords: Agkistrodon ; leucine ; membrane ; phenylalanine ; venom peptides ; familial hyperaldosteronism type 3 ; KCNJ5 ; adrenal tumor ; β-catenin ; MALDI-IMS ; CYP11B2 ; PNU-74654 ; TNF receptor-1 ; apoptosis ; testicular cancer ; alveolar epithelial stem cells ; ACE2 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; RBD of spike glycoprotein ; metastatic microenvironment ; ovarian cancer ; exosomal microRNA ; biomarker ; early diagnosis ; BSG ; basigin ; CD147 ; MM ; multiple myeloma ; survival ; AP5M1 ; BAIAP2L1 ; CRISPR ; ENTPD2 ; master regulator ; LOC145474 ; MTOR ; PRRG1 ; VIM ; WFDC3 ; circulating tumor cells ; non-small-cell lung cancer ; single cell next generation sequencing ; nematode ; microenvironment ; cancer ; research ; ZEB2 ; prognosis ; immune cells ; cyclin D1 ; epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ; stage I gastric cancer ; early gastric cancer ; node-negative gastric cancer ; B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) ; soluble BCMA (sBCMA) ; multiple myeloma (MM) ; anti-BCMA CAR-T cell therapy ; INDEL ; genetic ancestry ; Amazon ; biomarkers ; KIRC ; GOT2 ; multi-omics ; epigenetics ; immune cell infiltration ; arsenic trioxide ; Parkin ; HeLa ; autophagy ; salivaomics ; breast cancer ; saliva ; molecular biological subtype ; HER2 status ; estrogen receptors ; progesterone receptors ; HPV DNA in breast ; nested PCR ; gastric cancer ; hsa-miR-942-3p ; AR ; MAPK/ERK signaling pathway ; HCC ; CTCs ; miRNAs ; proteomics ; fenbendazole ; microtubule polymerization ; self-administration ; EMT ; UQCRB ; ROS ; hypoxia ; HIF-1α ; deuterium-depleted water (DDW) ; deuterium-depleted yolk (DDyolk) ; anticancer drug development ; D/H ratio ; production of metabolic water ; ketogenic diet ; NEAT1 ; liver cancer cell line ; drug resistance ; SOD2 ; MAPK ; AKT ; rhabdomyosarcoma ; sarcoma ; mouse model ; Nf1 ; Ink4a/Arf ; vincristine ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 114
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue is dedicated to collating recent research on the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean and Antarctica Peninsula region. This Issue also considers the spreading of Antarctic Bottom Water. Papers in this issue are focused on field research of the physical properties and ecology of this key region of the Southern Ocean. The main objects of the study are the properties of seawater, currents, ecosystems, and biological communities in the South Atlantic, the Powell Basin of the northwestern Weddell Sea, the Bransfield Strait, and the Antarctic Sound. The Antarctic marine ecosystem is unique in terms of its biodiversity and high productivity of the basic trophic levels of the ecosystem. This ecosystem is efficiently used by organisms such as seabirds, seals, and whales that feed on Antarctic krill.
    Keywords: cryptophytes ; nanophytoplankton ; picophytoplankton ; photosynthetic picoeukaryotes ; phytoplankton bloom ; Bransfield Strait ; Antarctic Peninsula ; flow cytometry ; subtropical rings ; Subantarctic rings ; CTD ; ADCP ; optical and hydrochemical parameters ; methane ; primary production ; plankton ; fish ; birds and whales ; Orkney Passage ; hydraulic control ; subcritical ; supercritical flows ; deep overflow ; LADCP ; bottom circulation ; Antarctic krill Euphausia superba ; eggs ; nauplii ; calyptopis ; furcilia ; abundance ; distribution ; Atlantic sector ; Southern Ocean ; temperature ; salinity ; current system ; the Bransfield Strait ; South Ocean ; Antarctic Bottom Water ; Vema Channel ; CTD/LADCP measurements ; three jets of bottom current ; chlorophyll a ; Euphausiacea ; Euphausia superba ; Salpa thompsoni ; planktonic tunicate ; climate change ; feeding competition ; Malvinas Current ; submesoscale ; water mass ; Lagrangian analysis ; upper mixed layer ; euphotic layer ; bio-optical ; fluorescence ; SADCP ; mesoparasitic copepods ; bacterioplankton ; bioluminescence ; optically active components ; trace elements ; heavy metals ; Atlantic sector of the Antarctic ; benthos ; nemerteans ; larvae ; bipolar distribution ; mesozooplankton ; copepods ; euphausiid larvae ; biomass ; Antarctic Sound ; Weddell Sea ; South Orkney Islands ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 115
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    UNICApress | UNICApress
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This volume reports, in brief, the experience of the students enrolled in the XXXIV cycle of the PhD courses at the University of Cagliari. The contributions are grouped by course and are preceded by a presentation of the coordinators of each PhD program. In two pages each student gives the reader an idea of his/her personal experience and of the results of his/her research.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: PhD ; University ; Research ; Students ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 116
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This year marks the 50th anniversary of the metaphorical butterfly effect, born from Edward Lorenz's 1963 work on initial condition sensitivity. In 1972, it became a metaphor for illustrating how minor changes could yield an organized system. •Lorenz Models: Chaos and Regime Changes: Explore Lorenz models' 1960–2008 evolution, chaos theory, and coexisting attractors. •Unraveling High-dimensional Instability: Challenge norms in "Butterfly Effect without Chaos?" as non-chaotic elements contribute uniquely. •Modeling Atmospheric Dynamics: Delve into atmospheric dynamics via "Storm Sensitivity Study." •Navigating Data Assimilation: Explore data assimilation's dance in chaotic and nonchaotic settings via the observability Gramian. •Chaos, Instability, Sensitivities: Explore chaos, instability, and sensitivities with Lorenz’s 1963 and 1969 models. •Unraveling Tropical Mysteries: Investigate tropical atmospheric instability, uncovering oscillation origins and cloud–radiation interactions. •Chaos and Order: Enter atmospheric regimes, exploring attractor coexistence and predictability. •The Art of Prediction: Peer into predictability realms, tracing the "butterfly effect's" impact on predictions. •Navigating Typhoons: Journey through typhoons, exploring rainfall and typhoon trajectory prediction. •Analyzing Sea Surface Temperature: Examine sea surface temperature analysis and nonlinear analysis for classification.
    Keywords: Lorenz model ; chaos ; instability ; saddle point ; SDIC ; sensitivities ; finite predictability ; ill-conditioned ; El Niño ; EOF ; ISOMAP ; La Niña ; Niño 3.4 ; PCA ; SST ; quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) ; typhoon ; time-lagged ensemble ; cloud-resolving model ; categorical statistics ; Philippines ; predictability ; predictions ; Laplace’s demon ; butterfly effect ; weather forecasts ; MM5 ; Rayleigh–Bénard convection ; data assimilation ; observation placement ; forecast sensitivity ; chaotic regimes ; low-order modeling ; dual nature ; generalized Lorenz model ; multistability ; tropical clouds ; radiation ; oscillations ; ventilation effect ; cloud resolving model ; cloud dynamics ; sensitive dependence on initial conditions ; Zika toy model ; numerical weather prediction (NWP) ; Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) criterion ; Purdue regional climate model (PRCM) ; convective available potential energy (CAPE) ; shallow water equations (SWE) ; Bernoulli function ; dynamics system ; forward–backward scheme ; leapfrog scheme ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBP Meteorology and climatology
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  • 117
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Porphyrins, metalloporphyrins, and their analogs are a family of macrocycles that are ubiquitous in nature, playing key roles in a myriad of biological functions, such as in plant light-harvesting (e.g., chlorophyll, a magnesium–chlorin complex), oxygen binding and transport (e.g., heme group, an iron–porphyrin complex, responsible for animal cellular respiration), and bacteria photosynthesis. The pivotal functions fulfilled by these naturally occurring porphyrinoids have motivated and inspired organic chemists to produce synthetic porphyrins and analogs in the laboratory. In recent years, a multitude of applications for porphyrins has shifted the focus from purely academic interest to industrial processes. There is a growing recognition of the need to develop new, more selective, and environmentally friendly synthetic methods. Within this Special Issue, readers will find a collection of 16 original research papers and a comprehensive review, all dedicated to exploring the synthesis and functionalization of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles. These papers shed light on the vast potential applications of these compounds across various fields.
    Keywords: porphyrin ; human serum albumin ; spectroscopy ; molecular docking ; chemical-biological interactions ; Spirulina maxima ; chlorophyll a derivatives ; photosensitizers ; semisynthesis ; photodynamic inactivation ; array ; artificial photosynthesis ; building block ; copper-free Sonogashira coupling ; ethyne ; perylene ; solar ; carboxylated pyrrolidine-fused chlorin ; fluorescence ; glutathione detection ; porphyrin macrocycles ; photodynamic therapy ; theranostic agents ; corroles ; trans-A2B-corroles ; photophysics ; photobiology ; asymmetrical porphyrins ; human U937 monocytic cells ; transmembrane potential ; membrane anisotropy ; sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2b) ; Slo1 ; SUR2 ; asymmetric catalysis ; Diels–Alder reaction ; imidazolidin-4-ones ; organocatalysis ; photocatalysis ; porphyrins ; reductive amination ; sulfonamides ; MRSA ; antimicrobial resistance ; photosensitizer ; singlet oxygen ; potassium iodide ; gram-positive bacteria ; Staphylococcus aureus ; copper-64 ; positron emission tomography ; circular dichroism ; chirality ; chiral layers ; supramolecular chirality ; reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy ; DFT ; organometallic ; density functionals ; transition metals ; green chemistry ; C-H functionalization ; epoxidation ; iron porphyrin ; oxidation catalysis ; renewable aromatics ; phthalocyanines ; solubility ; gas sensors ; quartz microbalances ; porphyrinoids ; phenothiazine ; radical cation ; EPR spectroscopy ; ENDOR ; HYSCORE ; spectroelectrochemistry ; BODIPY ; pyridyl ; nitro ; chloro ; methyl ester ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
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  • 118
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has demonstrated its potential in monitoring geological disasters, e.g., in relation to subsidence, landslides, earthquakes, and volcanoes. Such monitoring results provide significant information for further physical modeling, driving mechanism interpretation, developments in early warning technology, and the management and formulation of policies by relevant authorities and stakeholders. This reprint focuses on monitoring and modelling of geological disasters using InSAR observations. The content covers topics such as PS/DS processing, deformation parameter inversion, motoring deformation (e.g., earthquakes, volcanoes, and oil extraction), and driving mechanism interpretation. These excellent reports significantly contribute to further developments in the monitoring and modeling of geological disasters using InSAR techniques.
    Keywords: landslide ; DS-InSAR ; deformation monitoring ; stability analysis ; InSAR ; mine ; land subsidence ; time series deformation ; model ; Su-Xi-Chang area ; InSAR time-series ; ground fissure ; FLAC3D ; Yangbi MW 6.1 earthquake ; time-series InSAR ; error elimination ; high-precision coseismic deformation ; fault inversion ; Anak Krakatau volcano ; the Nobuyuki Otsu (OTSU) method ; multi-polarization ; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ; Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) ; coseismic displacement ; tropospheric delay correction ; small-to-moderate earthquakes ; geodetic earthquake catalogue ; source inversion ; rupture model ; strong motion ; seismic hazard ; Altyn Tagh Fault ; asymmetry interseismic strain ; viscoelastic ; permafrost ; ALT ; FCNInSAR ; CSK images ; thaw settlement coefficient ; VWC ; SoilGrids ; ankang airport ; expansive soil ; phase optimization ; PS-InSAR ; singular spectrum analysis (SSA) ; dataset calibration ; quadratic polynomial fitting ; spatiotemporal evolution characteristics ; Dalian Jinzhou Bay International Airport ; SBAS-InSAR ; Terzaghi consolidation theory ; subsidence monitoring ; subsidence prediction ; ground deformation ; PSInSAR ; leveling ; groundwater ; Shanghai Lingang New City ; Wuhan city ; urban construction ; land uplift ; Persistent Scatter Interferometry (PSI) ; persistent scatterers (PSs) ; distributed scatterers (DSs) ; Bayesian theory ; land deformation ; ERA5 ; the crustal movement observation network of China ; variance component estimation weighting (VCE) ; accuracy analysis ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 119
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The article collection of this Special Issue reprint covers a wide range of neurorehabilitation modalities, although they only represent a small proportion of the whole scene. We trust that they will assist clinicians in performing evidence-based interventions and illuminate the necessity of multidisciplinary collaboration. Furthermore, they share an important motivational drive, that is, the inspiration to move forward to a new era where medical, basic research, engineering, and high-tech advances can develop more efficacious approaches, combining neuromodulation techniques under sophisticated neuroimaging guidance. These can be widely and remotely applied to all people that need them, organized under a fresh “patient-centric” approach, with home-based and tele-rehabilitation protocols replacing long stays in medical centers.
    Keywords: Covid-19 ; telerehabilitation ; post-stroke rehabilitation ; virtual reality ; stroke ; percutaneous electric nerve stimulation ; transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation ; adult ; urinary bladder ; overactive ; urinary incontinence ; tibial nerve ; multiple sclerosis ; employment ; patient-reported outcome ; MSWDQ-23 ; validation ; rTMS ; dementia ; Alzheimer’s disease ; magnetic stimulation ; non-pharmacological treatments ; refractory temporal seizures ; neurosurgery ; cognitive outcome ; memory ; long-term follow-up ; backward walking ; balance ; cerebral palsy ; mental motor imagery ; neurorehabilitation ; cost–utility ; upper extremity ; EQ-5D ; cognitive exercise therapy ; sensorimotor ; activity of daily living ; Parkinson’s disease ; salivation ; clinical features ; non-motor ; motor ; sialorrhea ; drooling ; oxidative stress ; antioxidant defense ; Oxidative Status Index (OSI) ; hydroperoxides ; rehabilitation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 120
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint focuses on applications of different Space Geodetic Techniques on Earth exploration and geodetic research. The topics range from the classical estimation of Earth observation at high precision, to more comprehensive aims and scales. Special attention is given to the new orbit determination method, development status and service performance of the BeiDou global navigation system, intersystem bias of satellite onboard receiver and precise orbit determination of low-earth-orbit vehicles, ultra-rapid satellite clock offset estimation, variability of GNSS-derived water vapor, refined gravity field modeling in China, local enhancement of marine gravity fields assisted by satellite SAR data, enhanced prediction models of universal time, etc.
    Keywords: ground and satellite gravimetry ; satellite altimetry ; positioning ; orbit determination ; atmosphere ; space weather ; global climate change ; geodynamics ; natural hazard monitoring ; earth rotation ; planetary geodesy ; GNSS-R&nbsp ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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  • 121
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Inland wetlands are among the ecosystems disappearing with the highest rate, although they can offer numerous benefits to humans and their welfare. We have learned that wetlands are not just the treasures of biodiversity and a refuge for many threatened or vulnerable species but are also one of the best tools to mitigate the consequences of climate changes. The significance of this should not be understated if we want to increase the resilience of our cities, communities and civilization to extreme weather events. This Special Issue contains 17 papers presenting a variety of wetland types, species and communities thriving within, discussing their structure, functioning and suitable management practices to preserve them.
    Keywords: Wetlands ; Communities ; Species diversity ; Plants ; Diatoms ; Macroinvertebrates ; Alien Invasive Species ; &nbsp ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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  • 122
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Fungi-induced stains on paper are one of the most challenging forms of biodeterioration to study and to prevent; this is because they involve living organisms, and the ways in which fungi respond to changes in the environment and modifications of paper are unpredictable. Yet, there is a great desire among those who encounter fungi on documents, manuscripts, or artwork to remove fungi and clean the paper. This experience in most cases is particularly challenging. What are the reasons behind this challenge? This ground-breaking book attempts to answer this question, among others, by exploring the complex interfacial forces between paper, fungi, and their pigmented secretions which result in bio-stains on paper. Black fungi, collectively referred to as Dematiaceous fungi, were used in this study as a subset of pigment-producing fungi species. The focus is on two, under-studied aspects of the fungi infestation of paper, an interface of fungal pigments and paper, and the impact of light on the production of fungi bio-stains. The results of analytical testing included in this book elucidate the synergistic interactions between the environment, biological clocks of the microorganisms, and secretion of fungal pigments to paper. The black fungal pigment formation is explored in-depth in two scenarios: one that is ‘natural’, when the bio-stains of original artworks have occurred over time by chance, and another, induced by Aspergillus niger, in bio-simulation on known papers in a controlled environment. The findings are intended to provide guidance for preservation strategies, mitigating the biodeterioration of paper, and designing conservation treatment when applicable. The surface of artworks and artifacts is of great aesthetic and artistic importance; conversely, it plays a significant role in governing fungal attachments. In this book, the paper surface is characterized in detail and in correlation with chemical and physical alterations caused by fungal pigmentation. A broad range of analytical instruments was used for surface characterization, such as surface metrology profilometers, a confocal laser scanning microscope, and environmental scanning electron microscope; chemical microanalysis was carried out using X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. The novel, three-dimensional characterization of pigmented fungal inclusions and their interaction with paper matrix was studied with micro-X-ray-computed micro-tomography on the synchrotron ESRF. The proposed book is the first to explore the complexity of fungal–paper interactions with the intention to assist professionals working with cultural materials, especially paper-based materials, to make informed decisions when dealing with the fungi infestation of paper.
    Keywords: Dematiaceous fungi ; fungal pigments ; X-ray-CT microtomography ; fungi-paper interfaces ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 123
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The agri-food supply chain (AFSC) is undoubtedly a chain that must be transformed to adjust to the needs and requirements of the new era, following the COVID-19 pandemic. New challenges and prospects and the sustainability of the AFSC are already emerging, with the scientific community obliged to come up with answers and solutions to global food consumption issues. Scientific research concerning different aspects of the AFSC with selected topics, including technologies, new foods, consumers’ perceptions, socioeconomic and environmental issues of conservation and sustainability, eco-innovation solutions, and green transformative pathways in the agri-food sector are included in this Special Issue. Emphasis is placed on the end users—the consumers—who need healthy, sustainable, value-added, economic food produced within the new global environmental, political, and social conditions which are currently, and for a long time have been, under a major transformation. The papers included in this Special Issue give practical, innovative, and sustainable solutions to existing drawbacks of the supply chain, thus providing useful knowledge to readers or researchers interested in these specific subject matters. This is the second Special Issue of a series of Special Issues that we initiated a year ago as a follow-up to the changes and progress of the AFSC, and we will continue this, with more Special Issues on the way, highlighting more and more scientific achievements in selected subject areas of the chain to our respected global readers.
    Keywords: grape skin ; wine making by-products ; phenolics ; antiradical activity ; antioxidant activity ; antiplatelet activity ; Greek oregano ; essential oils ; geographical differentiation ; chemometrics ; rice farming ; contract farming ; modern distributors ; multinomial treatment effects ; conditional quantile regression ; unconditional quantile regression ; knowledge ; edible insects ; factor analysis ; cluster analysis ; sustainable food ; nutritional value ; food consumption ; food choice motives (FCM) ; convenience ; health ; sensory appeal ; nutritional quality ; ethical concern ; weight control ; mood and stress ; familiarity ; price ; sustainable ; vegetable oil ; heterogeneous catalysis ; questionnaire survey ; post-COVID-19 era ; Greek semi-hard and hard cheese ; Ladotyri cheese of Mytilene ; consumer’s purchase and consumption of cheese ; quality cheese ; food choice motives ; food ; gastric mucosa repair ; sericin ; lactoferrin ; inulin ; sodium bicarbonate ; global economy II ; food safety ; food hazards ; plants ; RASFF ; distance learning ; mobile learning ; professional learning ; beekeeping ; survey ; farmers ; plant-based alternatives ; cultured meat ; animal-free dairy ; consumer attitudes ; insects ; animal feed ; insect meal ; sustainability ; consumer acceptance ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
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  • 124
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint focuses on land use change processes and their driving mechanisms, ecological risks and eco-environmental effects. The spatio-temporal pattern changes and key driving factors of cultivated land, urban land, wetland, ecological land and mining land were studied at national or regional scales, such as in China, the Tibetan Plateau, the Yangtze River Delta, the Yellow River Basin, urban agglomeration and mountainous areas. The economic or ecological efficiency, ecological risks and environmental effects of typical land use changes, e.g., the effects of ecological restoration on critical services, the impact of planting structure changes on water resources and the impacts of urban expansion on food security and air pollution, as well as the environmental risks of chemical fertilizer application and coal-mining, were analyzed in depth using multi-source data and multiple methods. Revealing land use change characteristics and their potential ecological risks and impacts on food security, ecosystem services and climate change is an important basis for the sustainable development of social economies and ecosystems. The scientific methodologies, analyzed findings, systematic insights, and policy implications of this reprint will contribute to the advancement of knowledge and provide practical guidance for sustainable land management and land optimization to improve human wellbeing and eco-environment quality.
    Keywords: land use changes ; reclamation and abandonment of cropland ; urban expansion ; ecologically fragile areas ; ecosystem risk ; fragility of ecosystems ; ecological corridor ; ecosystem service ; ecological security ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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  • 125
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The production of food enriched with bioactive compounds, through natural means, represents a concept desired by nutritionists, doctors and consumers. Animal products with high nutritional quality can be designed using innovative feeding strategies. Animals are known to be able to ‘‘bio-convert’’ health-promoting components from their diet into their eggs, milk or meat. The nutritional quality of animal products depends on genetic, physiological and environmental conditions, but also upon their diets. Lately, various feed additives have been shown to increase the nutritional quality of animal-origin food, which in turn promotes a healthy human diet. Some of them have proven effects on productive parameters or on the sensory attributes of animal products, or modify the nutrient composition of products. Nutritional evaluations of animal products and feeds are necessary for establishing the bioconversion yield of nutrients, from feeds to animal-origin food. This Special Issue focuses on, but is not limited to, the development of new feeding formulas thst lead to improved animal production or the enhanced nutritional profiles of conventional or ecological animal products. Studies presenting feed additives that have beneficial effects on the production and quality of animal products, as well as natural feeding solutions that are environmentally friendly, were also welcomed. The proposed Special Issue is addressed to specialists from the domains of animal nutrition, food quality, chemistry and biology.
    Keywords: L. acidophilus ; L. plantarum ; microencapsulated probiotics ; weaning piglets ; performance ; microflora ; piglets’ health ; parsnip fermented juice ; hawthorn extract ; natural nitrite ; natural antioxidant ; lipids stability ; spoilage bacteria ; heme pigment conversion degree ; bioactive compounds ; carcass ; chromium supplementation ; ionophore ; nutrition ; yeast-based blend ; male layer-type chickens ; age ; meat quality ; fatty acids ; ruminants ; tannins ; saponins ; feed additives ; dairy cows ; Clostridium ; Bacillus ; probiotics ; resistance ; blood chemistry ; antioxidants ; detoxification ; health benefits ; Bos indicus ; NutraGen ; stress ; supplementation ; weaned calves ; artificial pigment alternative ; broiler nutrition ; carotenoids ; health ; pigment additives ; vegetal waste ; zearalenone ; piglets ; weaning ; inflammation ; oxidative stress ; signaling pathway ; olive ; atherogenic ; milk ; sheep ; lipids ; small ruminants ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFU Animals and society
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  • 126
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Plant responses to environmental factors are extraordinarily complex. They can be observed at various levels of plant organization, ranging from changes in the intensity of basic biochemical processes, such as respiration, photosynthesis, and transpiration, to morphological and anatomical changes in organs. However, these biochemical changes are preceded by the activation of an efficient signaling system which endures environmental fluctuations. This Special Issue showcases the latest reports on the impact of abiotic factors on plant responses. It contains 3 reviews and 9 original works and is preceded by an editorial summarizing the most important issues discussed in the publications.
    Keywords: abiotic stress ; GWAS ; Oryza sativa L. ; plant omics ; Triticum aestivum L. ; Sorghum bicolor L. ; transcription factors ; Zea mays L. ; Oryza sativa ; Hordeum vulgare ; hypoxia tolerance ; nitric oxide ; imbibition ; reactive oxygen species ; ATP/ADP ratio ; biotic stress ; cereal ; crosstalk ; drought ; heavy metal ; phytohormone ; salinity ; pathogen ; pest ; LBD ; drought stress ; ROS ; stomata ; maize ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; ABI4 ; MAPK ; ABA ; proteasome ; transcription factor ; transcriptional memory ; grazing ; T. mongolicum ; Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings ; photosynthesis ; chloroplast ; salt stress ; Prunus persica (L.) Batsch ; lauric acid ; physiological indicators ; transcriptome ; rice ; water management ; nitrogen metabolism genes ; primary metabolites ; mulberry ; waterlogging ; gene regulation ; bHLH transcription factors ; transcriptional regulation ; post-translational regulation ; ovules ; plant stress ; fertility ; seed formation ; reactive oxygen ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAL Forestry industry
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  • 127
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Due to the accumulation of oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere, endogenous antioxidants in aerobic organisms evolved. More than a simple attack (reactive species) or a defense (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants) duel, redox metabolism also comprises non-radical redox metabolites, redox-sensitive transcription factors, and redox-sensitive proteins that form a network of signaling pathways. These pathways are now known to mediate important processes in aerobic organisms, from circadian rhythms to ageing and lifespan regulation. Indeed, oxidative stress is considered to be important to living organisms. Unsurprisingly, environmental stresses might disrupt the redox balance, triggering compensatory adaptive responses. The modulation of redox metabolism has been documented for phylogenetically diverse species exposed to a myriad of environmental stressors, such as warming, freezing, dehydration, exposure to UV radiation, exposure to pollutants, and variations in oxygen availability. In natural settings, several of these environmental factors (e.g., temperature, water availability, oxygen availability, and radiation incidence) fluctuate over time (e.g., daily and seasonally). This Special Issue focuses on the responses of organisms’ redox metabolism when exposed to single or combined changes, biotic or abiotic, in environmental factors (e.g., oxygen availability, temperature, drought, radiation, and pollutants) and provides insights into the adaptive responses of antioxidant systems to environmental perturbations.
    Keywords: oxidative stress ecology ; reactive oxygen and nitrogen species ; hormesis ; redox biology ; environmental stress ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 128
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Air pollution is a mixture of particles and gases, which can reach unsafe concentrations for human health, the environment, vegetation, and materials. It has become one of the main sustainability issues and a concerning topic in atmospheric science. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 90% of the world’s population lives in highly polluted environments, and about 7 million premature deaths are caused yearly by outdoor and indoor air pollution. The combination of fast-growing populations, transport, fossil fuels, and biomass burning leads to pollution levels being especially high in some urban areas. Agriculture and natural phenomena are also important sources of pollution, underscoring the multi-faceted and transboundary nature of air pollution. The monitoring and understanding of the temporal and spatial behaviours of air pollutant concentrations are essential for both the implementation of air quality policies and the definition of effective measures to mitigate air pollution and its effects. Quantifying and monitoring exposure to air pollution in terms of public health is also a critical component in policy discussion. This reprint presents recent research activities concerning the characterization of air pollution and the applied modelling approaches.
    Keywords: carbon trading ; green innovation efficiency ; propensity score matching ; difference in differences model ; meteorology ; WRF ; air quality ; AERMOD ; source apportionment ; environmental impact assessment ; condensable particulate matter ; air quality model ; PM2.5 ; air pollution ; particulate matter ; microplastics ; non-exhaust emissions ; NORTRIP ; air pollution transmission ; indoor–outdoor relation ; urban canyon ; computational fluid dynamics ; factors of transmission ; cluster analysis ; meteorological influence ; Multiple linear regression ; NOx influence ; Pearson’s correlation ; rural trends ; surface ozone ; mashrabiya ; total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) ; formaldehyde (HCHO) ; retention period ; hot desert climate ; occupational exposure ; Bayesian spline model ; time-series ; public transport ; inhalation ; air quality plans ; PM2.5 episodes ; air pollution policy ; NO2 concentrations ; diff-in-diff-regression ; urban agglomeration (UA) ; regional difference ; distribution dynamics ; convergence ; Utah ; environmental history ; national ambient air quality standards ; machine learning ; atmospheric pollution ; self-organizing maps ; Salvador-BA ; COVID-19 ; Tehran ; AQI ; landscape architecture ; urban green space ; human thermal comfort ; spatial differentiation ; evidence-based design ; dispersion model ; health risk assessment ; indoor air quality ; cook stove ; biomass burning ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQK Pollution control
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  • 129
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint considers studies related to the bone graft materials used for bone regeneration in dental and medical areas, and particularly studies on new development and development directions, such as synthetic bone and heterologous bone. Bone regeneration is one of the most important challenges in medicine. Previously, patients' autologous bones were collected and transplanted for bone regeneration, but this had many limitations. Many researchers are currently developing a method that surpasses the bone regeneration ability of an autologous bone, via the use of artificial bone or heterologous bone. By developing and commercializing more functional, more efficient graft materials, both medical standards and patients’ quality of life will be improved. This reprint reflects some of the related studies, but its greatest contribution to the field is its suggestions for future research and possible developments in this area.
    Keywords: biphasic calcium phosphate ; bone regeneration ; bone substitute ; recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 ; carboxymethyl cellulose ; xenograft ; porcine bone ; porosity ; dental implant ; osseointegration ; bone formation ; titanium ; Ca-based ; resorption ; animal study ; histology ; high hydrostatic pressure ; mechanical characterization ; uniaxial compression test ; bone substitutes ; allograft ; bovine ; oral regeneration ; biofunctionalization ; hyaluronic acid ; osteoblasts ; collagen ; gamma radiation ; surface modification ; titanium implant ; autograft extender ; bone ; polyurethane ; poly(lactide-co-glycolide) ; magnesium hydroxide ; extracellular matrix ; polydeoxyribonucleotide ; porous scaffold ; bovine-derived xenograft ; hydrogel ; polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implants ; silicon dioxide ; hydroxyapatite (HA) ; animal rat model ; mechanical testing ; tissue integration ; implant interface ; osteoconductive modification ; pull-out ; synthetic bone graft ; micro-channel ; multiple pores ; drug carrier ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 130
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint is a collection of recent advanced studies in the field of heat and fluid flow in porous media. The pore size of the studied porous media in this reprint starts from a nanoscale, and the applications include the drying process of materials such as clay and lentil grain as well as the enhancement of heat transfer by using high thermal conductive porous media such as metal foams and stacked woven wire mesh. The use of a suitable porous structure for helium gas cooling under high heat flux conditions of a nuclear fusion divertor is an interesting application of porous structures for heat transfer enhancement, which is discussed in this reprint. A method for the trade-off thermo-hydrodynamic performance of a porous medium, which is an important issue for heat transfer enhancement, is also discussed. In the performed numerical studies, different methods such as finite volume method, lumped analysis and molecular dynamics are employed. Heat and mass transfer in structural ceramic blocks is analyzed by an analytical and phenomenological approach. All chapters of this reprint are advanced studies including wide application areas of porous media as well as interesting computational models that are useful for the researchers in the field of “Heat Transfer in Porous Media”.
    Keywords: mass ; heat ; sisal fiber ; experimental ; simulation ; drying ; lentil grain ; oblate spheroid ; modeling ; numerical simulation ; ceramic materials ; industrial brick ; lumped model ; metal foam ; graphite foam ; geometric modelling ; heat transfer ; porous media ; metal foams ; thickness ratio ; pore density ; porosity ; pressure drop ; trade-off ; TOPSIS ; unidirectional porous tube ; gas cooling ; high heat flux condition ; fusion reactor ; divertor ; effective thermal conductivity ; sintered particles ; porous silicon ; thermal cloak ; phonon localization ; molecular dynamics ; nanoscale ; porous media modeling ; woven wire-mesh ; LTNE ; correlations ; stacking types ; ceramic block ; lumped analysis ; analytical ; local thermal nonequilibrium model (LTNE) ; forced convection ; performance factor ; solar air heater ; single pass ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Soil degradation is a complex phenomenon that can result in a diminished capacity of the ecosystem to provide goods and services for its beneficiaries. Degraded soils have a health status such that they do not provide the normal goods and services of the particular soil in its ecosystem. Ecological rehabilitation is required when the soil is degraded to such an extent that the land becomes unproductive. Soil degradation can be caused by various factors, including physical aspects such as soil sealing and crusting, soil erosion, and soil compaction, which may result in severe landscape deterioration. Soil nutrient imbalance or depletion is also a widespread cause of soil degradation due to inappropriate practices in agricultural areas. Acidification, alkalization, and salinization are also serious problems of soil degradation. In addition to physical and chemical soil degradation, the biological health of the soil can be damaged as well. In recent decades, toxic contamination of soil, for instance, heavy metal pollution, organic pollutant contamination, etc., has brought more pressing issues. Therefore, effective and up-to-date technology for soil degradation and soil pollution restoration is urgently needed. The goal of this Special Issue was to establish a platform for researchers to communicate research results or the latest insights in related fields.
    Keywords: coal mining ; soil reclamation ; bacterial community ; bacterial diversity ; high-throughput sequencing ; farmland consolidation ; cultivated land quality ; soil basic physical and chemical properties ; heavy metals ; microorganisms ; karst areas ; soil depth ; land use types ; soil metal elements ; soil enzyme activity ; soil fungal community and diversity ; soil erodibility ; saturated hydraulic conductivity ; soil nutrients ; opencast coalmine ; Loess Plateau ; GLCM ; texture feature ; soda saline–alkali soil ; soil surface crack ; Songnen Plain ; antibiotics in soils ; microbial community ; soil degradation ; soil oxidoreductases ; compost fertility ; industries of concern ; source apportionment ; spatial patterns ; prevention distance ; soil health ; biochar ; manure ; soil structure ; vertisol ; agricultural environment ; soil and water resources ; agricultural engineering ; synergetic development strategy ; soil ; absolute altitude ; Jaworzyna Krynicka ; contamination ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 132
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: "Polymer Biodegradation and Polymeric Biomass Valorization" is devoted to the current trends in research on the biodegradation of waste polymer materials, both of natural (cellulose and chitin) and artificial origins. New methods of management and valorization in accordance with the hierarchy of the waste pyramid by means of new methods and technologies, as well as the development of new bioremediation techniques, are also of interest to this reprint. In addition, recycling, recovery, and ways to produce and research new environmentally friendly polymeric materials are at the center of interest.
    Keywords: epoxidation ; thermoset recycling ; organic waste ; mealworm ; waste management ; entomoremediation ; bioremediation ; biopolymers ; hydrolytic degradation ; crystal structure ; lignin ; amination ; emulsion ; bitumen ; rheology ; microstructure ; ureteral stent ; biodegradable stent ; drug eluting stent ; chemotherapy ; UTUC ; polylactic acid (PLA) ; polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) ; blend polymeric material ; biodegradation ; industrial compost ; home-compost ; microplastics ; polystyrene ; Bacillus cereus ; Pseudomonas alcaligenes ; Taguchi design ; full factorial design ; biodegradable polymers ; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) ; hemin ; electrospinning ; outdoor weathering ; new technologies ; bacterial cellulose ; agricultural waste ; Komagateibacter xylinus ; active film ; antioxidant properties ; ABTS ; DPPH ; TPC ; plastic ; mealworms ; insect ; bacteria ; gut microbiome ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics
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  • 133
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Various scientific events are being held around the world under the auspices of this landmark event, the Year of Mineralogy, and it is highly satisfying that this Special Issue “Mineralogical Crystallography Volume II” is published in 2022. The first volume of the “Mineralogical Crystallography” Special Issue [1] consisted of such topics as: Discovery of new mineral species; Crystal chemistry of minerals and their synthetic analogs; Behavior of minerals at non-ambient conditions; Biomineralogy; and Crystal growth techniques, and appeared to be very fruitful. The Special Issue “Mineralogical Crystallography Volume II” covers the following topics: Crystal chemistry and properties of minerals and their synthetic analogs; Gemology; Natural-based cement materials; Biomineralogy; and Crystal growth techniques. Additionally, we hope that this continuation will be just as successful, and that the new set of papers will again arouse genuine interest among readers and, perhaps, inspire them in their own successful research. We also believe that with the current collection of papers, we will be able to pay tribute to the union of Mineralogy and Crystallography.
    Keywords: uranyl ; carbonate ; mineral ; crystal structure ; topology ; structural complexity ; bentonite ; mordenite ; smectite ; pozzolanicity test ; cement ; concrete ; shchurovskyite ; synthesis ; X-ray diffraction ; oxocentered tetrahedra ; Barite ; hydrothermal synthesis ; typomorphic characteristics ; in-situ mixing solutions at high temperature ; high iron and quartz contents coal gangue ; acid leaching ; alkali melting ; hydrothermal reaction ; NaA zeolite ; fluorite ; pozzolan ; mortar ; mechanical strength ; reduction of CO2 emissions ; hydroxyapatite composite ; spinel ; beverage cans ; bovine bones ; lorenzenite ; perovskite ; loparite ; titanite ; apatite ; carbonates ; Khibiny ; Lovozero ; Kovdor ; Afrikanda ; alkaline intrusions ; NF Fennoscandia ; glass-ceramics ; phase separation ; nucleation ; crystallization ; microstructure ; gahnite ; gold nanoparticles ; surface plasmon resonance ; plasmonics ; ivanyukite ; lintisite ; SIV ; AM-4 ; sorption ; lead ; ion-exchange ; titanosilicate ; Arctic ; channel-water ; X-ray fluorescence ; infrared spectroscopy ; UV–vis spectroscopy ; transition metal ions ; self-healing concrete ; calcium nitrate ; mineralization reaction ; cracks ; near-infrared spectroscopy ; kaolinite ; dickite ; OH group ; forsterite ; boron ; spectroscopy ; orthoclase crystal ; ultra-microchannel ; water ; feldspar alteration ; sericitization ; gemological ; mineralogical ; greenish blue apatite ; fluorapatite ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The articles collected focused on the construction of delivery systems aiming at enhancing the physicochemical stability, bioavailability, and bioactivity of active lipids and liposoluble ingredients, as well as flavor retention and slow release, and its potential application in the development of functional foods with different phase states and suitable for the physiopathological characteristics of different populations. A growing application of lipids and liposoluble ingredients are emerging in functional foods, such as beverages, meal replacement powders, and foods with special medical purpose. Liposoluble ingredients including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), phytosterols (esters), carotenoids, polyphenols, and liposoluble vitamins, play an important role in balancing the insufficient nutrient intake and occurrence of chronic diseases. However, a critical challenge for their efficient and rational application arises due to the properties of strong hydrophobicity, easy oxidation, unpleasant flavor, and adverse interaction with other components. The construction, perfection, and regulation of lipid delivery system are of great significance for overcoming the challenge.
    Keywords: Lipids ; liposoluble ingredients ; delivery system ; biochemical actions ; functional food ; nutritional aspects of food ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 135
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint, named “Landslides in Forests around the World: Causes and Mitigation”, covers various topics, such as the impact mechanism of tree roots on landslide stability, landslide deformation monitoring, landslide disaster prevention and control engineering technology, the automatic identification of regional landslides, susceptibility and hazard assessment, and a rainfall-induced mass landslide warning.
    Keywords: shallow landslide ; probability of occurrence ; typhoon ; data-driven model ; Ningguo City ; landslide susceptibility ; antecedent effective precipitation ; daily precipitation ; hybrid landslide warning model ; multibaseline InSAR techniques ; Guang’an Village Landslide ; InSAR ; time-series analysis ; post-event deformation mapping ; root-soil composite ; root reinforcement coefficient ; shear strength parameters ; root distribution angle ; root diameter ; landslide susceptibility mapping ; random forest model ; qualitative analysis ; quantitative evaluation ; Yunyang County ; granular flow ; ring-shear test ; fluctuation characteristics ; landslide ; susceptibility ; tree species ; age group ; woodland type ; forest origin ; YOLOv3 ; deep learning ; automatic landslide identification ; remote sensing image ; flexible rockfall barrier ; energy capacity ; landslide debris ; field investigation ; coupled numerical simulation ; land-use suitability ; Hechuan District ; landslide susceptibility assessment ; machine learning ; Three Gorges Reservoir area ; early-warning model ; Random Forest ; model study ; nucleation process ; waveform similarity ; repeating earthquakes ; neighboring earthquakes ; reinforcement of roots ; slope stability ; growth and decay ; Japanese cedar trees ; shallow landslides ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics
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  • 136
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint is dedicated to Professor Delfim F. M. Torres for his 50th birthday. Professor Delfim F. M. Torres is a recognized researcher, particularly in the calculus of variations, optimal control, and mathematical biology. In this reprint, several studies in his research fields are presented.
    Keywords: calculus of variations ; non-Newtonian calculus ; multiplicative integral functionals ; multiplicative Euler–Lagrange equations ; admissible positive functions ; epidemiology ; mathematical modeling ; fractional calculus ; equilibrium ; stability ; fractional (p, q)-integral ; fractional (p, q)-difference ; periodic boundary value problems ; existence ; coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ; ABC derivative ; hybrid method ; existence analysis ; semi-analytical solution ; fractional derivatives ; distributional derivatives ; Sobolev spaces ; bounded variation functions ; embeddings ; compactness ; Abel equation ; optimal control ; maximum principle ; mixed constraints ; Physics Informed Neural Networks ; data analysis ; COVID-19 ; vaccination ; basic reproduction number ; Lyapunov function ; weighted generalized fractional calculus ; integration by parts formula ; Euler–Lagrange equation ; quantum mechanics ; fractional differential equations ; boundary value problems ; Kolmogorov–Riesz theorem ; fixed point theorems ; Nemytskii operator ; approximation solution ; fuzzy number ; fuzzy fractional order derivative ; coronavirus infection system ; Adomian decomposition method ; convex surfaces ; surface area measure of a convex body ; Newton’s problem of minimal resistance ; measles ; mathematical model ; global sensitivity analysis ; partial rank correlation coefficient (PRCC) ; fractional derivative ; Caputo derivative ; Ulam–Hyers stability ; fractional control systems ; neutral evolution systems ; controllability ; minimum energy ; Banach fixed point theorem ; population dynamics ; vertical transmission ; epidemic fear ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Light is the main source of energy for the primary process that sustains life on our planet, known as photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the strategy adopted by many living organisms for capturing and incorporating energy, and it is under this context that light is primarily experienced, explored, and exploited. Plants perceive information from the ambient environment and communicate with other organisms using light. They have developed a plethora of photoreceptors that permit this communication with the surrounding environment. Additionally, the physical properties of light, such as the spectral quality, irradiance, intensity, and photoperiod, play an integral role in the morphogenesis, growth, and metabolism of many biochemical pathways in plants.To facilitate photosynthesis in controlled environments, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have been shown to offer interesting prospects for use in plant lighting designs in controlled-environment agriculture (greenhouses) and growth chambers for in vitro cultures. In high-technology greenhouses (for instance, vertical agriculture), artificial light may assume both assimilative (optimizing photosynthetic efficiency) and control functionality (guiding growth and development or the synthesis and accumulation of plant metabolites). In vitro cultures are regulated by different factors, and among them, light is the most important.
    Keywords: Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don ; alkaloid content ; callus ; in vitro culture ; LED lights ; light intensity ; saponarin ; isoorientin ; hexacosanol ; octacosanol ; fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase (FAR) ; blue LED ; flower bud formation ; number of flowers ; photoperiod ; photomorphogenesis ; blue photon flux density ; functional structural plant modelling ; indoor farming ; LED lighting ; artificial lighting ; energy use efficiency ; protected horticulture ; light exposure ; far-red illumination ; medicinal plants ; water use efficiency ; growth analysis ; canopy size ; incident light ; light interception ; light use efficiency ; mizuna ; projected canopy size ; quantum yield of photosystem II ; blue light ; Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber) ; green light ; light-emitting diode (LED) ; morphology ; photosynthesis ; red light ; intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) ; photostationary state of phytochrome (PSS) ; photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) ; yield photon flux (YPF) ; medicinal plant ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; flavones ; metabolites ; light-emitting diode ; daily light integral ; volatile organic compounds ; energy consumption ; plant morphology ; biomass efficacy ; sodium lamps ; plants cultivation ; silicon fertilizer ; red-leaved lettuce ; green-leaved lettuce ; CoeLux® ; LEDs ; light spectrum ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; growth and development ; confined environment ; low light ; mint ; monoterpenes ; solid phase microextraction (SPME) ; hydroponics ; LED supplement ; LED light ; fluorescent light ; UV light ; elicitation ; plant secondary metabolites ; plant in vitro cultures ; LED ; ascorbic acid ; chlorophylls ; carotenoids ; light quality ; tomato ; greenhouse ; light spectra ; root stock ; photosensors ; host-pathogen interaction ; resistance genes ; gene regulation ; bacterial growth ; Erwinia amylovora ; circadian rhythms ; optogenetics ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; optimal control ; supplemental lighting in greenhouses ; image processing ; light-emitting diodes (LEDs) ; intra-canopy illumination ; interlighting ; bell pepper ; fruit set ; daily light integral (DLI) ; Lactuca sativa ; plant factory ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; carbon isotope discrimination ; light fluence rate ; growth regulators ; alfalfa ; growth ; adaption ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book explores sustainable urban development, addressing the challenges and opportunities encountered in the 21st century. It addresses topics such as resilience, blockchain architecture, and green roofs, offering insights into urban challenges and opportunities. The research provides innovative strategies and best practices for sustainable, equitable, and resilient urban communities. The collection emphasizes stakeholder integration, community engagement, and the importance of addressing specific challenges faced by vulnerable populations. As a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and students, this publication aims to foster informed conversations about the future of urban planning and design, and inspire further research and dialogue on sustainable urban development, paving the way for more sustainable urban communities worldwide.
    Keywords: green buildings ; occupant well-being ; healthy buildings ; occupant-orientation ; indoor environment conditions ; residential property ; public transportation ; metro ; rail ; flat ; resource-based city ; green land use efficiency (GLUE) ; carbon emissions ; the Yellow River Basin (YRB) ; multimodal data ; attention mechanisms ; data fusion ; urban planning ; energy consumption ; building energy ; spatial autocorrelation ; multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) ; prefabricated construction ; digital green innovation management ; venture capital ; project partners ; transfer of development rights (TDR) ; land registry ; land management ; preservation of buildings ; historic buildings ; development restriction ; development loss ; floor area ; Turkey ; sustainable urban planning ; digital legislation and policy ; rural digitalization reform ; digital technology ; energy conservation ; extraversion ; green hotel ; past behaviour ; personality traits ; pro-environmental management ; city–county consolidation ; market competition ; earnings management ; urbanization development ; sustainable urban development ; urban resilience ; influencing factors ; Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration ; urban rail transit (URT) ; PPP ; value creation ; grounded theory ; smart home ; secure architecture ; blockchain ; storage efficiency ; IoT ; climate change ; GHG mitigation ; public policy ; enabler networks ; net-zero roadmap ; developing countries ; social network analysis ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 response policy ; operational restrictions on facilities ; Night-Time Economy (NTE) ; Night-Time Economic Vitality (NTEV) ; credit-card sales ; PLS-SEM (partial least square structural equation modeling) ; formative measurement model ; superblocks urbanism ; gulf urbanization ; street connectivity and efficiency ; walkability ; sustainable urban development policy and practice ; urban vulnerabilities ; vulnerable communities ; multidisciplinary approach ; disciplinary boundaries ; design workshops ; research by design ; Design for Vulnerables ; Krebs cycle design ; generative urban design ; evidence-based design decision-making ; activity-based model ; transit-oriented development ; amenity accessibility ; green roofs ; sustainable urban planning and design ; urban development ; public perception ; urban policy and governance ; Saudi Arabia ; post-occupancy evaluation ; semantic differential method ; sports parks ; real estate enterprise ; digitalization ; operations management ; barriers ; FTA–DEMATEL–ISM ; sustainability ; heritage redevelopment ; participatory design ; public engagement ; community value ; social value ; Faro Convention ; HUL ; heritage ; cognitive mapping ; urban regeneration ; text mining ; keyword network analysis ; students’ participation ; social network service ; stakeholder ; Korea ; industrial building renovation ; brownfield buildings ; conflicts ; stakeholders ; n/a ; innovation district ; user preferences ; user-centric planning ; decision makers’ perspectives ; urban policy ; Kelvin Grove Urban Village ; Diamantina Knowledge Precinct ; Brisbane Technology Park ; Brisbane ; Australia ; sustainable development ; Central Taiwan Science Park ; green infrastructure ; residents’ opinions ; urban ecosystem ; environmental education ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 139
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint contains the original articles and reviews compiled in the Special Issue "The Role of PPARs in Disease II" published in Cells. Nicole Wagner and Kay-Dietrich Wagner from the University Côte d'Azur served as the Guest Editors of this Special Issue and compiled the reprint.
    Keywords: PPAR ; immune function ; liver ; adipose tissue ; cardiovascular system ; muscle ; neurological and psychiatric disease ; cancer ; transcriptional regulation ; ligands ; agonists/antagonists ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 140
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The Laser Wakefield Acceleration (LWFA) has advanced the accelerating gradient many orders of magnitude over the conventional technologies. Their application to high energy accelerators has been considered, while a new field of micrometric accelerators appears for medical applications.
    Keywords: laser ; wakefield ; inhomogeneous plasma ; acceleration ; high energy ; LWFA ; fiber optics ; medicine ; brachytherapy ; cancer ; fiber laser ; coherent beam combination ; ion acceleration ; laser wakefield ; PIC simulation ; phase velocity ; group velocity ; near critical density plasma ; laser wakefield acceleration ; beat wave ; near-critical acceleration ; endoscopic radiotherapy ; laser wakefield accelerator ; six-dimensional phase-space brightness ; beam quality optimization ; pulse compression ; ultrashort lasers ; ultrafast nonlinear optics ; high power lasers ; electron ; photoneutron ; high-repetition laser ; few-cycle laser ; intense laser ; high-field science ; laser plasma ; laser wake wave ; QED critical field ; AnaBHEL (Analog Black Hole Evaporation via Lasers) ; Hawking radiation ; information loss paradox ; relativistic flying mirror ; high quality ; monoenergetic ; laser-driven ; plasma ; low divergence ; particle-in-cell ; instability ; steep front ; plasma shutter ; plasma wakefield acceleration ; PWFA ; compact particle acceleration ; radiation sources ; laser plasma acceleration ; beamline ; plasma lens ; FLASH-radiotherapy ; ion irradiation ; vacuum laser acceleration ; ponderomotive force ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHJ Optical physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The forest, as the main body of the terrestrial ecosystem, has a huge carbon sink function and plays an important role in coping with global climate change. This reprint on “Monitoring forest carbon sequestration with remote sensing” mainly focuses on new remote sensing theories, methods, and technologies for monitoring carbon sinks in forest ecosystems (including urban forest ecosystems).
    Keywords: forest height ; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ; interferometry ; random volume over ground (RVoG) model ; three-stage inversion method ; bamboo forest ; BEPS model ; gross primary productivity ; net primary productivity ; spatiotemporal evolution ; climate change ; backscatter coefficients ; polarization decomposition ; collinearity ; ridge regression ; RF ; PCA ; aboveground carbon density ; LiDAR ; stratified estimation ; machine learning algorithm ; Northeast China ; canopy closure ; the GOST model ; fisheye camera photos ; transects ; LAI ; forest height inversion ; three-stage algorithm ; coherence optimization ; complex coherence amplitude inversion ; SRTM ; random forest ; stochastic gradient boosting ; random forest Kriging ; wavelet analysis ; carbon storage ; land use/cover change ; scenario simulation ; PLUS model ; InVEST model ; remote sensing inversion ; dynamic change ; driving factors ; Shaoguan City ; above-ground biomass (AGB) ; airborne LiDAR ; airborne hyperspectral ; wavelet transform ; feature fusion ; Landsat time-series ; VCT model ; classifying forest types ; forest aboveground biomass ; forest aboveground biomass (AGB) ; scale effect ; random forest (RF) ; scale correction ; phenology ; dynamic threshold method ; northeast China ; TIMESAT ; forest carbon stocks ; simulation ; LUCC ; multi-source data ; feature selection ; aboveground biomass ; habitat dataset ; Landsat 8-OLI images ; pine forest ; model comparison ; 3D green volume ; UAV-Lidar ; urban forest ; random forest model ; remote sensing ; MODIS ; FY-3C VIRR ; Yunnan Province ; mangrove forests ; Hainan Island ; deep learning ; influential mechanism ; Bayesian hierarchical modelling ; geostatistics ; Eucalyptus grandis ; Eucalyptus camaldulensis ; Pinus patula ; spatial random effects ; spatially varying coefficient ; rubber plantation ; time series ; shapelet ; Landsat ; Pinus densata ; terrain niche index ; dynamic model ; canopy volume ; diameter at breast height (DBH) ; aboveground biomass (AGB) ; stem volume (V) ; near-infrared reflectance of vegetation ; carbon budget ; L-band PolInSAR ; RVoG model ; forest density ; terrain slope ; coherence ; extinction coefficient ; signal penetration ; 3-PG model ; eucalyptus ; forest age ; forest structure ; sensitivity ; clumping index ; estimation ; impact analysis ; field measurement ; Sentinel-2 images ; artificial neural network ; random forests ; quantile regression neural network ; Pinus densata forests ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability and statistics
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  • 142
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue aimed to explore the cutting-edge advancements in vision science, optometry, and ocular surface research. In an era marked by rapid technological progress, there is an imperative to understand how innovations in diagnostic tools, treatment protocols, and computational models are reshaping our understanding of ocular health and vision care. We invited contributions that delved into novel methodologies, uncovered new aspects of ocular physiology, or offered fresh perspectives on the management of eye conditions.
    Keywords: ocular discomfort ; CLDEQ-8 ; dry eye ; refractive errors ; pre-lens tear film ; lipid pattern ; non-invasive break-up time ; contact lens ; accommodation response ; university population ; near-vision activities ; accommodation disorders ; Sjögren’s syndrome ; evaporative dry eye ; water deficiency dry eye ; questionnaires ; Schirmer I test ; Schirmer II test ; invasive tear film rupture time ; tear meniscus height ; small aperture intracorneal inlay ; SAICI ; KAMRA inlay ; corneal inlay pinhole ; intraoperative complications ; postoperative complications ; refractive surgery ; presbyopia ; axial length ; ocular biometry ; early diagnosis ; myopia progression ; Scheimpflug technology ; micro-monovision ; SMILE ; efficacy ; binocular summation ; pre-lens tear film dynamics and stability ; breakup patterns ; soft contact lens ; wettability ; tear film lipid layer spread ; dry eye disease ; diagnostic device ; ocular surface ; amblyopia ; fixation stability ; retinal microvasculature ; macular thickness ; macular volume ; stereoacuity ; strabismus ; anisometropia ; n/a ; personalized spectacle ; visual quality ; progressive addition lens ; eye tracker ; eye movements ; aberrometry ; optical coherence tomography ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The development of science has led to the emergence of many new modern materials, which also require more advanced tools for their characterization and analysis. NMR and MRI are certainly among such tools, also due to their continuous development, which has made them more powerful, versatile, and sensitive. With these advances, these two techniques have been able to address many open problems associated with the emergence of new materials.This reprint comprises a collection of advanced NMR and MRI techniques and methods, together with a demonstration of their application to the target materials for which they were designed and optimized. These are presented in 25 original, peer-reviewed articles for the Special Issue in the MDPI journal Molecules. The topics covered include MR methods in pharmaceutical research, NMR in cement research, MR methods in wood research, diffusion in materials, characterization of materials by NMR relaxometry, NMR spectroscopy of materials, and MRI of materials.
    Keywords: lamellar 2D zeolites ; pillared zeolites ; mordenite ; ZSM-5 ; CTAB ; NMR ; magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents ; renal clearance ; nanodots ; gadolinium (III)-based composites ; cement hydration ; titanium dioxide TiO2 ; ultrasonic ; calorimetry ; diffusion ; PGSE ; Rouse ; reptation ; hydrophilic matrix tablets ; magnetic resonance ; hydrogel ; drug release ; biorelevant dynamic conditions ; foam flow ; magnetic resonance imaging ; velocity mapping ; pipe flow ; two-phase flow ; hyperpolarization ; flip angle ; plasticizer ; PVC ; identification ; quantification ; non-deuterated solvent ; low-field NMR spectroscopy ; gabapentin ; impurity A ; validation ; limit of the quantitation ; linearity ; accuracy ; repeatability ; precision ; specificity ; robustness ; qNMR ; HPLC ; low field NMR ; Inverse Laplace Transform ; L-Curve regularization ; confined liquid ; relaxometry ; drying process ; solid-state NMR spectroscopy ; porous material ; drug delivery system ; heteronuclei ; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ; relaxation times ; beech (Fagus sylvatica) ; wood ; moisture content (MC) ; carthamin-3′potassium salt ; green metallic luster ; fermented safflower petal tablet ; natural soil material ; fast relaxation times ; water content ; water flow ; asphaltenes ; maltenes ; relaxation ; NMR relaxometry ; accelerators ; pore evolution ; partially saturated ; fractal dimension ; electrical conductivity ; anisotropy ; diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) ; conductivity tensor imaging (CTI) ; NMR diffusometry ; zeolites ; heterogeneous catalysis sugar conversion ; biomolecules ; [Pyr13][Tf2N] ; [Pyr16][Tf2N] ; MAS ; CPMG ; 13-interval PGSTE ; VXC72 carbon black ; diffusion-NMR ; Ionic liquids ; polyoxometalates ; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging ; paramagnetic relaxation enhancement ; lanthanides ; relaxivity ; dysprosium ; erbium ; time-domain NMR ; dipolar echoes ; polymerization reaction ; epoxy resin ; autocatalytic reaction ; budesonide ; 22R and 22S epimers ; archaeological wood ; silane ; siloxane ; wood consolidation ; 2D NMR ; chemical reactivity ; solution-state NMR ; wood conservation ; waterlogged wood ; induction period ; accelerator ; Fast Field Cycling ; 3-Tau model ; gradient broadening ; profile ; swelling ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This book focuses on applied technologies on biowaste treatment with the aim to minimize its environmental impact and to recover resources in the form of energy, nutrients, and other valuable products. As a result of this, the book has collected the latest research on mature, conventional, and innovative technologies used to address the challenging issues with the treatment and valorization of different flows of biowaste.
    Keywords: OFMSW ; digested sewage sludge ; waste characterization ; anaerobic digestion ; operating temperature ; mesophilic ; psychrophilic ; compost quality ; backyard compost ; toxins ; nutrient ; oxygen consumption ; AT4 value ; weed control ; hygienisation ; compost stability ; waste circulation ; OMW ; OMP ; evaporation pond ; heavy metals ; LC-HRMS ; metagenomics ; indigenous microbiota ; toxicity alleviation ; anaerobic treatment ; raw cheese whey ; multiscale analysis ; pH time series ; Anaeromyces mucronatus ; lignocellulose ; Neocallimastix frontalis ; Piromyces rhizinflatus ; pretreatment ; hydrogen ; biomass ; charged ultrafiltration membranes ; α-lactalbumin ; β-lactoglobulin ; protein fractionation ; protein electrostatic interaction ; protein ultrafiltration ; fouling ; biochemical methane potential (BMP) ; biogas ; by-products ; higher heating value ; alcoholic beverage production ; biogas valorization ; heat recovery ; engine cooling circuit ; electricity self-consumption ; global efficiency ; biochar ; germination ; seedling vigor ; chlorophyll ; germination rate ; maize growth ; biodegradable solvents ; cell disruption ; deep eutectic solvents ; extraction with solvents ; ionic liquids ; microalgae biorefinery ; protein recovery ; protein release ; solvent recovery ; biowastes ; bioadsorbents ; activated carbon ; raw wastes ; industrial contaminants ; nutrients ; pharmaceuticals ; municipal leachate treatment ; microbial fuel cell ; single chamber ; waste treatment ; ceramic cathodes ; ultrasound-assisted deposition/infiltration ; wash coat ; brush coat ; energy production ; facile preparation ; bio-augmentation ; composting time ; organic matter ; textile solid waste ; composting ; phenolics ; antioxidants ; food wastes ; green solvents ; extraction kinetics ; grape pomace ; apple pomace ; biorefinery ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Fast, non-destructive detection technology and equipment for food quality and safety is a powerful technical support tool to ensure the development of food industry informatization and intelligence, with the advantages of fast speed, convenient operation, and easy online inspection. During the past two decades, such technologies have found numerous successful applications for food and agricultural product detection and processing. Owing to improvements in the manufacturing of photoelectric sensor pieces and progress in artificial intelligence and software algorithms, fast non-destructive detection technologies are able to provide more accurate, reliable, and stable solutions for food quality and safety detection and processing. They are closely integrated with the Internet of Things and intelligent manufacturing, promoting a new wave of innovation in intelligent manufacturing in the food industry. The application of new sensing technology and equipment in the fast, non-destructive detection of food has always been at the forefront of scientific and technological research. This Special Issue aims to focus on the latest research progress of this application and jointly discuss the focus of development of this research direction.
    Keywords: maize ; moldy level ; catalase activity ; hyperspectral image ; data fusion ; feature selection ; fruit quality monitoring ; room-temperature ethylene sensor ; density functional theory ; adsorption energy ; band energy alignment ; apple ; NIR ; size correction ; extinction coefficient ; fruit diameter difference ; acceptability ; benchtop NMR ; mandarins ; NMR ; successive projective algorithm ; uninformative variable elimination ; support vector regression ; Korla fragrant pear ; stone cell content ; intelligent evaluation ; cultivation ; visible/near infrared spectrum ; fresh jujube ; model update ; variable fusion ; defective apples ; apple grading ; deep learning ; object detection ; semantic segmentation ; shrimp ; hot air drying ; quality change ; hyperspectral images ; low field magnetic resonance ; micro Raman ; microfluidic chip ; fungal spores ; crop disease ; numerical simulation ; degree of milling ; multi-scale information fusion ; residual network model ; Bayesian optimization algorithm ; hyperspectral imaging ; maize seeds ; defect detection ; convolutional neural network ; tomato ; leaf mildew ; terahertz time-domain spectroscopy ; near infrared hyperspectral technology ; multi-source information fusion ; YOLOv5 ; walnut kernels ; impurities detection ; small object detection ; liposomes ; high stability ; freshness ; bi-layer indicator ; light penetration depth ; spatial-frequency domain imaging ; depth-resolved ; bruise ; scattering ; near infrared spectroscopy ; vegetables ; anthocyanidins ; fast determination ; Curcumae Longae Rhizoma ; volatile oil ; 60Co ; GC–IMS ; SERS detection ; chromium contamination ; tea sample ; carbimazole hydrolysate ; Au@Ag nanoparticles ; PAEs ; Raman ; DFT ; HF ; theoretical study ; gas sensor ; spoilage monitoring ; early warning ; logistics control ; simulated annealing ; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy ; flexible substrate ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; in situ detection ; common carp ; texture ; machine learning ; visualization ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue, “Ecophysiology and Ecology of Grassland”, contains 11 research articles and 1 review that focus on recent advancements in integrated research on natural grasslands and artificial grasslands in response to human disturbances, abiotic stresses and climate change from a species to ecosystem level.
    Keywords: leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents ; N:P ratio ; biomass ; herb community ; driving factor ; Loess Plateau ; precipitation changes ; increased temperatures ; desert grassland ; plant diversity ; plant biomass ; soil bacteria diversity ; soil fungi diversity ; the Mongolia Plateau ; grassland degradation ; vegetation coverage ; surface bareness degree ; self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) ; water stress ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; biomass allocation ; water use efficiency ; drought resistance ; biogeographic patterns ; leaf stoichiometry ; climatic variables ; soil physicochemical properties ; Stellera chamaejasme L. ; functional traits ; productivity ; grassland ; fertilization ; soil water regime ; stress tolerance indices ; forage yield ; Panicum maximum ; Urochloa sp. ; plant functional traits ; plants diversity ; soil properties ; random forest algorithm ; PLS-SEM ; semiarid grassland ; leaf functional trait ; leaf photosynthesis ; atmospheric nitrogen deposition ; grassland ecosystem ; structure ; stability ; ecosystem services ; karst desertification control ; biomass production ; chemical composition ; ecological management ; ecosystem diversity ; grazing ; abiotic factors ; flowering phenology ; nitrogen addition ; common garden ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: We are pleased to introduce this collection of research papers entitled "Horticultural Plants Facing Stressful Conditions - Strategies for Stress Mitigation". This reprint comprises twelve research papers and a review paper exploring the impact of stress factors on plant growth and ways to eliminate or mitigate them. The studies investigate various plant species, including sunflowers, zinnias, orchids, buttercups, tomatoes, snap beans, lettuce, jojoba, grapevines, strawberries and apple trees. The impact of stress caused by high temperatures, spring frosts, drought, salinity, copper and asbestos on the physiological, biochemical and anatomical changes in plants at the cellular, tissue, organ and whole-plant levels was described by the authors. The presented issues are crucial for comprehending the metabolic, molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying the enhancement of plant resistance to environmental stresses. This reprint focuses on three essential topics: (1) using exogenous compounds and bioinoculants to increase stress tolerance, (2) improving the quality and nutritional value of fruits and vegetables and (3) planting ornamental plants in polluted areas. Each paper has been meticulously prepared and contains figures, tables and a list of references to support a deeper understanding of the subject matter. In our opinion, this revised reprint will benefit scientists who are specifically interested in horticulture, plant physiology, biochemistry, microbiology and environmental sustainability.
    Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum L. ; salinity ; quality ; nano-silicon ; plant hormones ; chlorophyll a fluorescence ; temperature ; solar radiation ; tolerance ; pigments ; proteins ; zinnia ; redox-active metal ; cell-wall lignification ; phenolics ; phenylpropanoid metabolic-pathway genes ; landscaping of urban areas ; antioxidant systems ; brassinolide ; grapevine ; ion accumulation ; leaf anatomy ; salt stress ; ultrastructure ; brassinosteroids ; strawberry ; growth ; stress ; Orchidaceae ; ornamental plant introduction ; serpentine outcrops ; stressful conditions ; adaptive responses ; plant water status ; redox balance ; non-enzymatic antioxidants ; nonessential elements ; moderate salinity ; biofortification ; gas exchange ; Lactuca sativa L. ; jojoba ; proline ; malondialdehyde ; total phenolic content ; climate change ; seawater ; ion leakage ; priming of defense ; G proteins ; calcium signaling ; mitogen-activated protein kinase ; phytohormones ; SA signaling ; JA signaling ; reactive oxygen species ; antioxidant proteins ; defense genes ; buttercup ; melatonin ; POD activity ; STI ; antioxidant enzymes ; nutrient homeostasis ; osmolytes ; Phaseolus vulgaris L ; polyamine oxidation ; putrescine and saline conditions ; adaptogenic preparations ; foliar sprays ; tolerance of spring frosts ; yield ; fruit quality ; drought ; high temperature ; antioxidants ; free radicals ; photosynthesis ; lipid peroxidation ; mitigation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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  • 148
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. It has been recognized that dysregulation of miRNAs reflects the state and function of cells and tissues, contributing to their dysfunction. The identification of hundreds of extracellular miRNAs in biological fluids has underscored their potential in the field of biomarker research. In addition, the therapeutic potential of miRNAs is receiving increasing attention in numerous conditions. On the other hand, many operational issues, including stability, delivery systems, and bioavailability, have yet to be resolved. In this dynamic field, biopharmaceutical companies are increasingly engaged, and ongoing clinical trials point to anti-miR and miR-mimic molecules as novel classes of molecules for upcoming therapeutic applications. This reprint aims to provide a broad overview of current knowledge on several outstanding issues and new opportunities offered by miRNAs in the treatment of diseases and as early diagnostic tools for next-generation medicine.
    Keywords: mi-RNA ; physical exercise ; gene expression ; stress ; head and neck cancer ; miRNA ; chemoresistance ; protocol ; systematic review ; hazard ratio ; patient survival ; up-regulation ; down-regulation ; microRNA ; circulating miRNA ; theranostic biomarkers ; chemosensitivity ; melanoma ; meta-analysis ; miRNAs ; microRNAs ; liver neoplasms ; angiogenesis ; cancer biomarkers ; transfection ; qRT-PCR ; plasma ; amplification efficiency ; EBV ; LMP1 ; nasopharyngeal cells ; expression profiling ; chronic low-grade inflammation ; inflammation-associated biomarkers ; overweight and obesity ; children/adolescents ; sex-related associations ; DNA copy number variation ; comparative study ; progenitor cells ; amniotic fluid ; leiomyoma ; myometrium ; divergent cell commitment ; linear dysregulation ; circulating microRNAs ; extracellular miRNA ; nasopharyngeal carcinoma ; miRNA-based diagnosis ; HNSCC ; tumor-suppressor ; miR-30e-5p ; FOXD1 ; TCGA ; cervical cancer ; non-coding RNAs ; diagnosis ; prognosis ; therapeutics ; regulation of gene expression ; alveolar epithelial type II cells ; type II pneumocytes ; ATII ; AECII ; flow cytometry ; autofluorescence ; pathway analysis ; TGF-beta ; homeostasis ; EMT ; RNA-based therapeutic ; personalized medicine ; translational medicine ; breast cancer ; diagnostics ; therapy response ; hepatitis C virus ; liver injury ; microRNA-192 ; microRNA-29a ; HCV genotype-3 ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: In April 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration successfully imaged the first supermassive black hole (M87*), opening a new era in detailed study of these exotic objects. By sharply enhancing the capabilities of black hole imaging, the next-generation EHT (ngEHT) is poised to again revolutionize our view of horizon-scale physics. The ngEHT will enable the first movies of black hole accretion, produce high-dynamic-range images that connect black holes directly to their galactic-scale relativistic jets, and bring into range a larger population of black holes and explosive transients to explore. This Special Issue develops the key science drivers and architecture of the ngEHT. The contributions sharpen the ngEHT scientific vision and implementation by illuminating and proposing new possibilities in the following areas: Fundamental physics; Black holes and their cosmic context; Accretion; Jet launching; Transients and impulsive phenomena; Algorithms and inference; History, philosophy, and cultural implications of building new instruments in the current era; Advances in submillimeter VLBI instrumentation; VLBI array design and optimization
    Keywords: black holes ; general relativity ; accretion ; relativistic jets ; very-long-baseline interferometry ; SMBHs ; VLBI ; ngEHT ; photon rings ; Radio Astronomy ; accretion disk ; relativistic Jet ; GRMHD ; signal processing ; very long baseline interferometry (1769) ; radio astronomy (1338) ; millimeter astronomy (1061) ; submillimeter astronomy (1647) ; radio telescopes (1360) ; high angular resolution (2167) ; astronomical instrumentation (799) ; AGN ; radio interferometry ; black hole ; astrometry ; SFPR ; relativistic jet ; interferometry ; polarimetry ; magnetohydrodynamics ; radiative transfer ; Messier 87 ; Sagittarius A* ; supermassive black holes ; very long baseline interferometry ; EHT ; precipitable water vapor ; Very Long Baseline Interferometry ; radio astronomy ; millimeter astronomy ; radio telescopes ; high angular resolution ; astronomical instrumentation ; M87* ; plasma composition ; active galactic nuclei ; imaging ; instrument design ; telescopes ; algorithms ; data analysis ; SMA ; correlation ; GPU ; Tensor Core ; accretion inflows ; jet launching ; event horizon telescope ; next-generation event horizon telescope ; astronomical techniques ; very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) ; multi-wavelength studies ; Sgr A* ; hot spot ; dynamical image reconstruction ; StarWarps ; time-variability ; robustness ; no hair theorems ; scientific collaborations ; philosophy ; history ; social sciences ; governance ; visualization ; neutrinos ; active galaxies ; galaxy jets ; quasars ; radio continuum ; interferometric techniques ; n/a ; radio instrumentation ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue focuses on recent technology developments in the measurement of the thermal conductivity/diffusivity of micro/nanoscale materials, including 2D materials, micro/nanoscale wires/fibers, and nanostructured materials. Techniques such as photothermal, transient electrothermal, and energy transport state-resolved Raman have been reviewed in great detail.
    Keywords: Thermal conductivity ; thermal diffusivity ; micro/nanoscale materials ; experimental characterization ; &nbsp ; Raman spectroscopy ; TET technique ; photothermal technique ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Today, researchers are focused on studying and identifying new products that can be beneficial for both food and pharmaceutical purposes. In this context, sprouts and microgreens are widely recognized as functional foods due to their high nutritional value, and in particular, their high bioactive compound content, which is mainly composed of phytochemicals. However, despite extensive research on the germination of species cultivated under optimal conditions, knowledge gaps remain regarding various aspects of sprout and microgreen production. To address this research issue, interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial. This involves the identification of novel species for edible sprout cultivation, the exploration of innovative strategies to stimulate bioactive compound production, and the development of new “nutraceutical” foods. Moreover, it is imperative to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of the consumption of microgreens. This reprint presents cutting-edge research on sprouts and microgreens, providing valuable insights for the academic community.
    Keywords: Canavalia ; molybdenum ; seed priming ; nitrogen assimilation ; high CO2 ; caraway plants ; sprouting ; mature plants ; nutritious metabolites ; antioxidant ; antimicrobial activity ; anise sprouts ; He–Ne laser ; bacterial endophytes ; Chenopodium sp. ; sprouts ; photosynthesis ; amino acid metabolism ; phenolics metabolism ; anti-inflammatory ; Medicago species ; priming ; KNO3 ; bioactivity ; Medicago interexta ; SeNPs ; BABA ; anti-diabetic ; microscale vegetables ; microgreens ; phytonutrients ; functional foods ; malnutrition ; biofortification ; illumination ; health-promoting compounds ; pakchoi ; greenhouse ; UV-B ; antioxidant activity ; flavonoids ; biosynthetic pathway ; Triticum dicoccum ; salinity ; calcium homeostasis ; phenolic acid ; hydrogen peroxide ; oat seedling ; policosanol ; hexacosanol ; AMPK ; growth times ; GC-MS ; bioactive compounds ; carotenoid ; chlorophyll ; gold nanoparticles photometric assay ; seedling ; spectroscopy ; vegetation index ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Abiotic stress includes not only single adversities, i.e., drought, salt, temperature, and elevated CO2, but also complex stresses, i.e., saline and alkali soil, and karst environment. Abiotic stresses strongly affect many aspects of a plant’s substance and energy metabolism. Meanwhile, abiotic stress not only affects the physiological processes of photosynthesis, water metabolism, and inorganic nutrient absorption, but it also influences the electrophysiology and other physical parameters of plants. Plant physiological information, especially online physiological information, helps us to understand the plant’s adaptive mechanism and take the effective measures to improve the production of horticultural plants. This Special Issue contains a collection of 11 important research works, which deepen the connotation and expand the denotation of plant physiology under abiotic stress. These works will provide a theoretical basis for the production of horticultural crops under single stresses, such as drought and salt stress, or under complex stresses, such as saline and alkali and karst environments. Readers from all over the globe are expected to greatly benefit from this Special Issue collection both in terms of their own work and to improve the productivity of horticultural crops under complex abiotic stresses. In the future, we hope that the field of plant (horticultural crop) physiology under abiotic stresses flourishes in terms of academic research and publications.
    Keywords: genovese ; leaf area ; root length ; nitrogen balance index ; anthocyanin ; epicuticular leaf waxes ; drought stress ; GABA: gamma aminobutyric acid ; metabolism ; pea ; Pisum sativum L. ; seedling growth ; water deficit ; agricultural production ; redox ; photorespiration ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; dose effect ; Annonaceae ; antioxidant enzymes ; carbohydrates ; liriodenine ; photosynthesis ; garlic ; chitosan ; yeast ; antioxidant system ; reactive oxygen species ; citrus ; oxidative stress ; proline ; water potential ; vascular bundle modifications ; electrophysiological signals ; intracellular water metabolism ; bioenergetics ; plant physiological information ; water shortage response ; coastal areas ; ornamental plants ; gas exchange ; chlorophyll a fluorescence ; enzyme activity ; jujube ; saline–alkali stress ; sugar metabolism ; antioxidant enzyme ; RT-qPCR ; salinity ; biomass ; chlorophyll ; woody plants ; tolerance ; electrophysiology ; anatomical structure ; cell elasticity ; water status ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
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  • 153
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Renewable energy resources are used as distributed generation (DG) units and installed near to where the energy is converted and consumed. Further, the integration of renewable energy sources at home is very important. IoT helps smart grids to support various network functions throughout the generation, distribution, and consumption of energy by incorporating IoT devices (such as sensors, actuators, and smart meters), as well as by providing connectivity, automation, and tracking for such devices. For these applications, the use of low-power long-range wireless networks (LPWAN) is fundamental to facilitate all the necessary tasks in the smart grids in City 4.0 and Industry 4.0. The integration of renewable energies (photovoltaic solar, wind energy, biomass energy, hydroelectric energy, and other sources) in smart grids implies the monitoring of households, cities, industries, and electric vehicles at all times. In this sense, the development of monitoring and control applications using mobile devices is a fundamental tool in this type of system, which complements all the possibilities offered by the IoT. Smart energy meters are used to allow for communication between consumers and utility command centers to exchange messages about electrical consumption. Thus, it is essential to have access from any location and instant access to information using mobile devices or computers.
    Keywords: knowledge-based sensor ; Internet of Things ; high-concentration photovoltaic systems ; sun tracker ; buildings energy management ; deep learning ; energy consumption prediction ; LSTM ; autoencoder ; load forecasting ; smart sensors ; smart meter ; temporal data granularity ; electric load profile ; time slices ; time series ; advanced metering infrastructure ; monitoring ; data acquisition systems ; renewable energy ; multi-objective optimization ; reactive power (RP) planning ; hybrid algorithm ; virus colony search ; particle swarm optimization ; LoRaWAN ; smart irrigation systems ; smart energy ; IoT ; renewable energy sources ; photovoltaic energy ; I-V curve ; monitoring and data acquisition ; microgrid ; open-source ; communication protocols ; DC interrupting ; digitization ; remote control ; electric energy measurement ; miniature circuit breaker ; power meter ; internet of things ; load control ; energy meter ; smart socket ; intelligent campus ; smart building ; internet of things platform ; remote monitoring and control ; classification ; data anomalies ; data imputation ; energy consumption data ; ensemble classifiers ; machine learning ; smart home data ; smart meter data ; tracebase dataset ; home energy management system ; smart home ; cloud infrastructure ; distributed PV ; energy management system ; energy storage units ; charging piles ; smart grid ; redundancy ; Home Assistant ; low-carbon island ; Kinmen ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 154
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint contains 12 high-quality original research and reviews papers by 62 authors from 10 countries on 3 continents: Asia (China, India, Indonesia, and Malaysia), Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Portugal, Romania, and Ukraine), and Africa (South Africa). These papers were published in a Special Issue, “Recent Developments in Eco-Friendly Wood-Based Composites II”, of the journal Polymers. These papers provide examples of the most recent developments in eco-friendly wood-based composites.
    Keywords: tree bark fibre ; thermal insulation panels ; thermal conductivity ; self-bonded boards ; zero formaldehyde content ; eco-friendly wood-based composites ; wood polymer composites ; bio composites ; wall cladding ; ceiling materials ; RDP housing ; lignosulphonates ; lignin ; formaldehyde ; wood adhesives ; plastic film-bonded plywood ; polyethylene film ; physical–mechanical properties ; bonding strength ; wood species ; thermoplastic resin ; formaldehyde-free adhesive ; hot-pressing technique ; wood-based panels ; wood composites ; biodegradable polymers ; wood flour ; characterization ; processing ; applications ; biocomposite ; mechanical properties ; physical properties ; polypropylene ; thermal properties ; nanocellulose aerogels ; modification techniques ; environmental wastes ; oil absorption ; composite panel ; biomass ; oil palm trunk (OPT) ; particleboards ; deadwood ; wood particles ; formaldehyde emission ; urea-formaldehyde adhesive ; bending strength ; internal bond strength ; modulus of elasticity ; thickness swelling ; bamboo ; thermal modification ; bamboo cell wall ; anti-mildew property ; wood–plastic plywood ; hot-press ; secondary press ; aldehyde-free ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNA Agribusiness and primary industries::KNAL Forestry industry
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  • 155
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Dietary habits differ from person to person and usually are determined by cultural habits and traditions that determine lifestyles linked to the socio-demographic characteristics associated with ethnicity. It is known that dietary habits, lifestyle and socio-demographic factors impact human health. Eating disorders, increasing consumption of less-healthy foods, lack of exercise, genetic predisposition, along with other factors, increase risk of diseases such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and various mental disorders. This reprint entitled “Dietary Influence on Nutritional Epidemiology, Public Health and Our Lifestyle”, addresses the associations between some dietary patterns, lifestyle and socio-demographic factors, analyzed either separately or in combination, with the risk and management of cardiovascular diseases and mental health problems, such as depression and dementia. This reprint includes nine original articles and one systematic review.
    Keywords: fatty acids ; postprandial state ; chylomicron ; olive oil ; dendritic cells ; myeloid lineage ; triglyceride-rich lipoprotein ; early-onset dementia ; dietary habits ; MIND diet ; DASH diet ; Mediterranean diet ; risk ; prevention ; DNA methylation ; epigenetics ; Adventist Health Study-2 ; vegetarian diet ; linear regression ; permutation ; healthy eating index ; depression ; NHANES ; diet pattern ; DGA ; nutrition ; Roma ; Hungary ; health ; dietary patterns ; dietary indicators ; sustainability ; dietary recall ; high-density lipoprotein ; lipidome ; proteome ; exposome ; diet ; lifestyle ; demographics ; cardiovascular disease ; cholesterol ; triglycerides ; blood pressure ; glycemic control ; adlay ; hypertension ; ACE ; ET-1 ; eating disorder ; all-cause mortality ; epidemiology ; hazard ratio ; general population ; Canada ; daily total intake of dietary nutrients ; RGCS ; HbA1c ; odds ratio ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Dear Colleagues, Zoological institutions contribute a large amount of fundamental and applied knowledge on a diverse array of animal species. Despite this significant contribution, research conducted within zoos or other captive wildlife facilities has historically been skewed toward charismatic mammals, which comprise only a small proportion of the species that are held in captive collections. Modern zoos play an important role in animal welfare, conservation, and environmental education; therefore, this shortfall in knowledge may have large, unseen, and negative impacts on these “forgotten species”. Hypothesis-driven, experimental research plays a key role in filling these knowledge gaps; however, other avenues of data collection exist which may be equally important. These include observational data (collected without experimental interventions), operational data (data collected within the general management activities of a facility), and incidental data (data collected for one purpose which may reveal further important information when explored in more detail). These unpublished datasets may provide fundamental information on species for which comparatively little is known.
    Keywords: Bucovus leadbeateri ; Bucerotidae ; mirror ; carcass feeding ; spread of participation index ; amphibian ; behaviour ; diet ; nitrogenous waste ; welfare ; zoo research ; behavior ; environmental enrichment ; evidence-based ; husbandry ; reptile ; lizard ; zoo ; captive ; cognition ; play ; tree kangaroo ; zoos ; activity budget ; enclosure use ; Dendrolagus ; understudied ; alligator ; animal welfare ; behavioral observation ; comparative ; social behavior ; Psitaccidae ; ultraviolet light ; artificial lighting ; T5 lamps ; vision ; red panda ; maternal behaviour ; elasmobranch ; sharks ; space use ; ZooMonitor ; cusimanse ; Crossarchus obscurus ; AWAG ; welfare assessment ; carnivore ; Verreaux’s eagle owl ; Bubo lacteus ; macroplastic ; litter ; digit constriction ; cooperation ; loose-string task ; rodents ; synchronized actions ; cooperative breeding ; pair bonds ; tortoise ; diversity index ; enrichment ; ethogram ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences
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  • 157
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint is focused on analyzing modern trends and recent advances in the synthesis of new metal-based composite materials. Such composites are increasingly used in civil, automotive, and aerospace engineering, shipbuilding, robotics, nuclear power, portable energy devices, biomedicine, electronic devices, and portable aircraft. Non-ferrous metals are often used as the matrix of composites, aluminum, magnesium, nickel, titanium, and their alloys can act as modifiers with boron, carbon structures, borides, carbides, nitrides, and oxides of refractory metals and high-strength steel. For high-temperature composites, tungsten or molybdenum fibers are used. Despite the large number of scientific works, new methods for the synthesis of such composites in order to improve and optimize their structure and properties are still needed. In this regard, completed works of experimental and theoretical orientation, aimed at the development and optimization of methods for the synthesis of composite materials, as well as the search for new materials, were welcomed for inclusion in this reprint.
    Keywords: composite ; molecular dynamics ; magnesium ; aluminum ; mechanical properties ; Al composite ; Fe40Al intermetallic ; mechanical milling ; damage ; elastic modulus ; microindentation ; metal matrix composite ; high temperatures ; 7075 alloy ; lithium-ion battery ; silicon ; halide melt ; electrodeposition ; silicon fibers ; nanotubes ; nanoneedles ; composite anode ; tungsten ; rhenium ; dealloying ; anodic polarization ; developed surface ; catalyst for HER ; joining of CFRT/metal ; hybrid technology ; pin geometry ; continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastics ; electric field ; perovskite ; polaron ; proton ; metal-matrix composite ; nano-alumina ; molten salt synthesis ; zinc ; aluminum and magnesium coating ; HC340LAD + ZM ; spot welding ; corrosion ; GaN/AlN ; molecular beam epitaxy ; CVD graphene ; buffer layer ; gallium nitride ; GaN-on-Si technology ; nanoparticles ; TiO2 ; oxygen vacancies ; nuclear reactions ; deuterium probes ; silicon carbide ; electrodeposited silicon ; composite material ; anode material ; Coulombic efficiency ; high temperature ; simulation ; rheology ; neural network ; relaxation ; rheological behavior ; flow stress ; Al-Mg alloy ; Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 158
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This reprint brings together fifteen articles published in the Special Issue of the journal Atmosphere, entitled “High-Performance Computing Serving Atmospheric Transport & Dispersion Modelling”. These articles cover a wide variety of topics related to air quality in urban areas and nature-based solutions to improve it in the context of climate change; impact studies on human health and the environment of facilities and infrastructure projects as well as risk studies; the assessment of emerging threats; and preparations for and responses to emergencies involving toxic, flammable, or explosive atmospheric releases. As the fifteen articles presented here remarkably illustrate, what these contemporary topics have in common is the implementation of multi-scale simulations of atmospheric transport and dispersion by means of physical models of computational fluid dynamics (CFDs), whose potential is enhanced by high-performance computing (HPC). This reprint thus addresses the answers provided by modelling and the most advanced simulations to some societal matters of major interest.
    Keywords: operational emergency modeling ; atmospheric release ; high-resolution metric grid ; 3D ; PMSS modeling system ; Code_Saturne ; EMERGENCIES project ; lattice Boltzmann method ; large eddy simulation ; pollutant dispersion ; urban physics ; urban air pollution ; nature-based solutions ; green infrastructure ; PMSS Lagrangian model ; NOx ; PM10 ; large-eddy simulation ; plume dispersion ; urban area ; coupling simulation ; mesoscale meteorological simulation model ; meteorological observation ; graphics processing unit computing ; atmospheric dispersion modelling ; microscale dispersion ; model validation ; database ; on-site meteorological observation ; water mist dispersion ; lagrangian dispersion model ; web visualization ; web mapping ; emergencies project ; atmospheric boundary layer ; OpenFOAM ; gas dispersion ; CFD ; turbulence model ; hazard assessment ; horizontal homogeneity ; wind field ; deposition ; machine learning ; hazardous release ; WRF ; FLEXPART ; prediction ; air pollution ; air quality modelling ; ADMS-Urban ; high performance computing ; HPC ; West Midlands ; air quality ; urban scale ; traffic emissions ; micro-scale dispersion models ; aerosols ; South Asia ; WRF-Chem ; precipitation ; CAPE ; CIN ; urban dispersion ; complex terrain ; fast-response dispersion modeling ; computational fluid dynamics ; RANS ; urban dispersion modelling ; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes ; situational awareness ; CityGML ; air quality impact study ; PMSS model ; high resolution grid ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 159
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: In recent years, there have been significant advances made in emulsion science in order to improve the quality and performance of different emulsion-based products using new techniques and structural designs. Emulsion systems have been employed for many years to develop a wide variety of commercial emulsified products, including food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products. Furthermore, this type of colloidal system has been utilized as a vehicle for the encapsulation and delivery of different bioactive compounds, such as antioxidants, vitamins, and fragrances. Therefore, a new generation of advanced emulsions may lead to products with enhanced quality and functionality.
    Keywords: Emulsion Science and Technology ; Emulsion Applications ; Emulsion Structure ; Advances in Emulsion Systems ; Emulsions ; Novel Emulsifiers ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
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  • 160
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The agri-food sector has faced several challenges in recent years. The increase in the global population, and thus, growing food demand has led to the over-exploitation of numerous agricultural systems by farmers and agri-food entrepreneurs. However, in most cases, producers prioritize increasing their incomes, neglecting to consider the environmental and social impacts of their production processes. The search for ever greater yields and revenues has degraded agro-ecosystems, forcing both farmers and agri-food firms leave rural areas. Moreover, as global warming requires us to rethink existing production processes from economic, environmental and social points of view to reduce GHGs emissions, it is necessary to adopt sustainable agri-food production. This reprint contains empirical studies and systematic reviews regarding the achievement of a sustainable agri-food sector by assessing entrepreneurs’ choices, consumer behavior and policy interventions.
    Keywords: agroecology ; consumers&rsquo ; behavior ; green economy ; organic farming ; innovation adoption ; sustainable development ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
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  • 161
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: In view of the general trend that the development of the global energy industry is oriented toward green, low-carbon, and efficient utilization, scientific research teams in various fields dominated by the coal industry have conducted much research on coal and coal-like materials by borrowing the technologies and concepts of modern materials science and rock mass mechanics, hoping to explore new directions for the high value-added utilization of structural coal resources and the development of new coal-like materials. On behalf of Materials, we invited you to contribute an original research article to a Special Issue on the microstructure, characterization, and mechanical properties of coal and coal-like materials. This Special Issue aimed to showcase the latest scientific and technological achievements and cutting-edge test technologies in the study of coal and coal-like materials, with exploration of their structural change characteristics and mechanical properties under various influencing factors. Hot topics to be covered include: Analysis of mechanical properties of coal and coal-like materials;Multiscale characterization of coal and coal-like materials;Development and utilization of coal resources with high added value;Void structure and seepage characteristics of coal and coal-like materials;Establishment of constitutive relationships.
    Keywords: coal and gangue ; impact contact ; response differences ; equivalent stiffness ; rigid–flexible coupling ; different parts ; rock mechanics ; compression test ; acoustic emission ; ambient pressure effect ; rupture precursor ; rock ; Young’s modulus ; Poisson’s ratio ; parameters field ; inversion method ; gob-side entry retaining ; cyclical loading ; back-filling concrete ; damage evolution ; energy dissipation ; rock discontinuity ; energy evolution ; energy dissipation ratio ; coal and gas outburst ; gas-containing coal ; complete stress–strain process ; permeability ; solid-gas coupling ; anchored bedding rock material ; impact loading ; instability mechanism ; complex stress environment ; shear failure ; deep mining ; mining roadway ; surrounding rock ; numerical analysis ; multi-level support ; coal tar pitch ; additives ; co-carbonization ; co-pyrolysis ; interaction ; super-thick nappe ; roadway-concentrated areas ; influencing factors ; ground pressure behavior ; numerical simulation ; computed tomography ; F–T action ; microstructure ; dynamic mechanics ; microcrack evolution ; defects angles ; failure modes ; multi-scale characterization ; particle flow code ; rock fractures ; mechanical aperture ; contact area ; digital analysis ; pressure film ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 162
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the character of academic conferences has changed. Formerly, conferences required the physical presence of their members and audiences. However, travel restrictions due to the pandemic caused a shift in the traditional conference format, thus resulting in the rise of online conferences after 2020. In 2021 and 2022, the journal “Diversity” similarly organized online conferences. The well-attended online conference in March of 2021 attracted a wide range of speakers on biodiversity, ecology and evolution, as well as on 17 publications from this Special Issue. The publications cover several timely aspects of biodiversity, such as the importance of invasive species, the ecology of urbanization, the effects of drought on wildlife in Southern Africa, the results of human activities on insect, mammal, bird, reptile and amphibia populations, and the genetic diversity of animal breeds, microbiomes and planktonic organisms. Additionally, taxonomic and biosystematic topics are also covered in several SI publications.
    Keywords: chelonians ; pelomedusidae ; foraging ecology ; invasive species ; alien ; translocated ; critically endangered ; freshwater fishes ; freshwater ecosystems ; conservation ; biodiversity ; red list ; diversity ; algae ; alpine lake ; bioindication ; ecological characteristic ; ecosystem ; Nesamovyte Lake ; Eastern Carpathians ; CITES ; endangered species ; SDM ; degraded amazon ; machine learning ; taxonomic diversity ; functional richness ; Rao’s quadratic entropy ; climatic variables ; generalized additive mixed models ; macroecological patterns ; diversity drivers ; urban birds ; bird assemblages ; urbanisation ; landscape ecology ; land use change ; geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) ; Australian monsoonal tropics ; wild goats ; single nucleotide polymorphisms ; genetic diversity ; population structure ; cattle ; Kalmyk cattle ; Kyrgyz cattle ; Kazakh cattle ; Kazakh white-headed breed ; historical specimens ; microsatellites ; consensus genotypes ; sheep ; runs of homozygosity ; genomic inbreeding ; bees ; pollinators ; urban management ; ecological niche model ; distribution ; aquaculture ; mosquitofish ; climate change ; expansion ; catena ecosystem ; ephemeral mud wallows ; habitat use ; mammal variety ; Skukuza area ; species presence ; Stevenson-Hamilton supersite ; Bryodelphax mareki sp. nov. ; DNA barcoding ; Eutardigrada ; Heterotardigrada ; Macrobiotus birendrai sp. nov. ; water bears ; eutrophication ; exotic species ; tropical lakes ; zooplankton ; agroecosystems ; arthropods ; environment ; indicators ; RDP measures ; Porifera ; microbiome ; sponge disease ; 16S rRNA sequencing ; Baikal ; Poland ; Europe ; Cydalima perspectalis ; box tree moth ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 163
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Fruit- and vegetable-based products (F&Vs) have been conventionally processed using thermal techniques such as pasteurization, scalding, and/and drying, ensuring microbial safety and/or enzyme deactivation. Although thermal treatments are the most cost-effective tools, they could also reduce bioactive compounds, nutrients, and even sensory attributes. Nowadays, non-thermal food-processing technologies such as UV light and high-pressure processing have been proposed to develop food products with extended shelf life and preserved/encouraged bioactive compounds, while preserving the sensory properties. This reprint addresses the existing knowledge gaps of novel thermal and non-thermal techniques in the production of F&Vs and their derivatives. This reprint focuses on the effect of thermal and non-thermal treatments (light stresses, high hydrostatic pressure, pulse electric fields, oscillating magnetic fields, cold plasma, ultrasound, drying, etc.) on shelf-life, key bioactive compound changes (antioxidants, nutraceuticals, flavonoids, and non-flavonoids), enzymatic antioxidant systems, and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems of fruit- and vegetable-based products. Apart from an editorial written by the guest editors, the Special Issue consists of 13 papers that cover a range of subjects: thermal and non-thermal treatments on whole fruits (n = 4); thermal and non-thermal treatments on fruit and vegetable byproducts (n = 3); and, thermal and non-thermal treatments on fruit-based beverages and purées (n = 6).
    Keywords: carotenoids ; phenolic compounds ; puree ; juice ; bioaccessibility ; pulsed electric fields ; carrot ; microstructure ; quality attributes ; orange juice ; nisin-assisted thermosonication ; microbial and enzyme inactivation ; sensory quality ; bioactive properties ; Aronia melanocarpa L. ; by-products ; sustainability ; inulin ; trehalose ; polyphenols ; HMF ; unsupervised chemometric analysis ; high hydrostatic pressure ; thermal pasteurization ; anthocyanin ; vitamin C ; flavanones ; high-pressure processing ; potatoes ; polyphenol oxidase ; antioxidant activity ; smoothies ; juices ; elicitors ; abiotic stresses ; nutraceuticals ; health-promoting compounds ; garlic ; ageing process ; bioactive compounds ; organoleptic properties ; HPLC-MS/MS analysis ; controlled abiotic stresses ; elicitation ; functional foods ; whole fruits and vegetables ; stress-induced biosynthesis ; secondary metabolites ; innovative technologies ; non-thermal technologies ; apple ; strawberry ; food processing ; thermal processing ; stability ; storage ; ozonisation ; antioxidants ; table grape ; wine grape ; wine ; zero waste ; green technologies ; circular economy ; UV ; UVB ; UVC ; UV illumination ; photochemical treatments ; abiotic stress ; phytochemicals ; quality ; food safety ; Punica granatum ; phenolics ; encapsulation ; green-technology ; minimally processed ; food losses ; clean label ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The second volume of the Special Issue entitled “Antimicrobial Prescribing and Stewardship” consists of manuscripts, including original research articles, review articles, and opinion papers regarding antimicrobial stewardship-related topics, including disease-based/organism-based antimicrobial stewardship; the influence of antimicrobial utilization changes on antimicrobial resistance; the impact of antimicrobial stewardship on quality performance measures and patient outcomes; novel antimicrobial stewardship education and training approaches or interventions aimed toward the public and/or healthcare workers; behavioral change approaches to antimicrobial stewardship; collaborative practice agreements in antimicrobial stewardship; antimicrobial stewardship in special populations (e.g., pediatrics, geriatrics, emergency medicine, hematology/oncology); tackling AMR through antimicrobial stewardship in low- and middle-income countries; antimicrobial stewardship for animal health; antimicrobial stewardship in alternative settings (e.g., community practice, long-term care, resource-limited settings, small and rural hospitals); antimicrobial use and stewardship in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic; and global collaborations to tackle AMR through antimicrobial stewardship.
    Keywords: antimicrobial stewardship programs ; hospitals ; multi-drug resistance ; antibiotics ; antimicrobial stewardship ; quality of prescription ; prescriptive appropriateness ; surgical prophylaxis ; antibiotic stewardship ; febrile neutropenia ; appropriateness ; pharmacist-driven ; hematology oncologic patient ; hospital care ; primary care ; physicians ; antibiotic ; prescription ; Portugal ; upper respiratory tract infections ; antimicrobial resistance ; parental knowledge ; attitudes ; practices ; child ; Greece ; COVID-19 ; emergency department ; prescribing ; antimicrobial prescribing ; behavior change ; primary healthcare ; general practice ; community pharmacy ; qualitative study ; patient attitudes ; self-care ; questionnaire ; behavioural science ; global-pps ; antimicrobial surveillance ; antimicrobials ; ceftriaxone prescription ; prevalence ; Uganda ; life-long ; suppression ; multi-resistant organisms ; antibiotic prophylaxis ; joint replacement ; prosthetic joint infection ; oral implantology ; dental implants ; hospital physicians ; low-resistance country ; antibiotic prescription ; semi-structured interviews ; antibiotic prescribing quality ; low-risk intra-abdominal infections ; post-operative antibiotic treatment ; antimicrobial drug use ; dairy cattle ; knowledge ; logistic regression models ; machine learning ; survey ; cystitis ; fluoroquinolones ; point prevalence survey ; antibiotic use surveillance ; hospital ; private sector ; global health security ; multisectoral ; stewardship ; surveillance ; collaboration ; antimicrobial use ; food animals ; AMU ; DDD ; biosecurity ; animal welfare ; anthelmintics ; prudent use ; imprudent use ; livestock production systems ; Fiji ; healthcare providers ; infectious diseases ; caregivers ; antibiotic resistance ; rural population ; India ; antimicrobial resistance (AMR) ; antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) ; AMS Game ; board game ; online game ; Commonwealth Partnerships for Antimicrobial Stewardship ; CwPAMS ; gaming ; game-based learning ; gamification ; prescribing app ; anti-infective ; antimicrobial ; behaviour change ; healthcare workers ; national action plans ; pharmacy ; One Health ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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  • 165
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Explore a decade of groundbreaking research in "10th Anniversary of Cells—Advances in Plant, Algae, and Fungi Cell Biology." This reprint offers a comprehensive journey into the realms of plant, algae, and fungi cell biology. Delve into the world of genomics, cellular defense mechanisms, mycorrhizal fungi, and the physiology of extremophile algae. A celebration of scientific excellence, this reprint is a valuable resource for researchers, educators, and enthusiasts passionate about these fascinating domains. Join us in commemorating a decade of discovery and advancement in cellular biology.
    Keywords: membrane proteins ; overproduction ; production platform ; protein purification ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; solute carrier 39 ; SLC39 ; family ; yeast ; zinc ; zinc transporters ; ZIPs ; Agave americana ; crassulacean acid metabolism ; genetic engineering ; Nicotiana sylvestris ; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase ; photosynthesis ; drought tolerance ; salt tolerance ; microalgae ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; starch ; supraoptimal temperature ; cell cycle ; pilot-scale production ; DNA methylation ; Fusarium graminearum ; in vitro subcultures ; virulence reduction ; ddRAD-MCSeEd ; virulence genes ; 13C ; 14C ; aldol ; Calvin-Benson cycle ; light respiration ; isotope labeling ; cytokinin ; endocytosis ; cytoskeleton ; actin ; plant immunity ; induced resistance ; Parachlorella kessleri ; supra-optimal temperature ; energy reserves ; growth processes ; reproduction events ; deuterium ; deuterated starch ; deuterated lipid ; soft scale insects ; Ophiocordyceps ; symbiosis ; transovarial transmission ; Verticillium wilt ; Glomus viscosum Nicolson ; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; oxidative stress ; antioxidant systems ; defense ability ; ABI5 ; ABF ; AREB ; abiotic stress response ; abscisic acid ; phytohormone crosstalk ; salinity stress ; chloroplast ; plastid ; osmolytes ; osmotic adjustment ; reactive oxygen species ; herbivory ; membrane potential ; ion channel ; Arthrospira ; haloalkalotolerant cyanobacteria ; metagenomics ; phylogenomics ; fatty acid ; enveloped virus ; Ebola virus ; HIV ; herpes simplex virus ; human cytomegalovirus ; influenza virus ; MERS-CoV ; SARS-CoV-2 ; N-glycosite ; O-glycosite ; high-mannose glycan ; complex N-glycans ; Vicieae man-specific lectin ; T/Tn-specific lectin ; specific interaction ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 166
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Near-Infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has become one of the most attractive and used technique for analysis as it allows a fast and simultaneous qualitative and quantitative characterization of a wide variety of food samples. NIR spectroscopy is essential in various other fields, e.g., pharmaceuticals, petrochemical, textiles, cosmetics, medical applications, and chemicals such as polymers. The high level of interest in NIR spectroscopy among scientific and professional sectors demonstrates its relevance. We feel that the Special Issue's scope has facilitated the interchange of ideas and thereby aided in expanding the new development in this field of knowledge. Furthermore, we aimed to provide the readership with a comprehensive summary of present state-of-the-art NIR spectroscopy, current development trends, and future possibilities. We also believe that by doing so, we will be able to provide an accceptable opportunity for all contributors to make their results and methodologies more visible, as well as to highlight their recent achievements in their respective fields which have been made possible by the use of NIR spectroscopy. The Special Issue had a resoundingly enthusiastic response, with several submissions from academics and professional spectroscopists, resulting in the collection of 13 papers, including 1 exhaustive review paper. The articles submitted well represent the variety of the application field. These articles cover a wide range of topics related to NIR spectroscopy in a broad sense. The majority of the papers concentrate on applied qualitative and quantitative analysis in a variety of fields.
    Keywords: hyperspectral ; spatial-spectral features ; classification ; principal component analysis ; convolutional neural network ; near infrared spectra ; chemometry ; dry meat ; artificial neural networks ; organoleptic parameters ; prediction ; protected geographical indication distinguishing ; near infrared ; vitamin C ; ellagic acid ; wild harvest ; Kakadu plum ; chemometrics ; proximal sensing ; precision agriculture ; E. coli ; S. typhimurium ; biofilm ; hyperspectral imaging ; discriminant analysis ; pesticide residues ; spectroscopy ; PLS ; soft computing ; algorithm ; NIRS ; muscle ; bovine ; MUFA ; PUFA ; SFA ; NIR spectrometer ; intact potato ; dry matter ; reducing sugars ; MPLS ; pepper leaf ; SPAD value ; hyperspectral inversion ; characteristic waveband selection ; NIR ; calibration models ; PLS-R ; volatile phenols ; aged wine spirit ; breast milk quality control ; handheld ; olive oil ; near-infrared spectroscopy ; quality parameters ; mangetout ; pea pod ; near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 167
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint emerges as a beacon guiding researchers, scientists, and medical professionals through uncharted territories. In this volume, we delve deep into the intricate world of immunization, where the fusion of bioinformatics and network medicine reshapes our understanding of vaccines' efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity.
    Keywords: monkeypox ; mpox ; MPXV ; universal vaccine ; multi-epitope mRNA vaccine ; immunoinformatics ; influenza ; H3N2 ; antigenic distance ; hemagglutinin ; attribute network embedding ; herpes simplex virus ; HSV-2 ; vaccine ; costimulation ; genital ; antibodies ; T cells ; MDV ; chickens ; Th17 cells ; IL-17A ; interferon-gamma and adaptive immunity ; adenoviral vector ; cell fusion ; human endogenous retrovirus type W (HERV-W) ; R-peptide ; Syncytin-1 ; HIV ; PLWH ; ART ; vaccination ; immune responses ; CD4 ; COVID-19 ; HPV ; respiratory syncytial virus ; RSV ; mucosal vaccine ; inactivated vaccine ; low-energy electron irradiation ; LEEI ; PC formulation ; PCLS ; binding antibody assay ; immune correlates of protection ; modified treatment policy ; neutralizing antibody assay ; principal stratification ; principal surrogate ; SARS-CoV-2 ; stochastic intervention ; stochastic interventional vaccine efficacy ; peste des petits ruminants ; ewes ; lambs ; passive immunity ; quadrivalent adjuvanted influenza vaccines ; toll-like receptors ; CVID ; azoximer bromide ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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  • 168
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Nanofluid flows are characterized by intricate and multi-level physics, which has led to substantial study from both fundamental and practical viewpoints. This collection examines the progress made in modeling and experimental methods used to study nanofluids. It specifically focuses on how these nanofluids might be used to tackle thermal challenges in renewable energy systems. The phenomenon of improving heat transfer via the use of nanofluids is well recognized; however, further research is necessary to comprehensively comprehend the interplay between nanoparticles and base fluids, as well as their influence on heat convection. Furthermore, the extensive use of nanofluids in solar thermal, geothermal, heat storage, and heat recovery systems has not been thoroughly investigated. The current difficulty is in creating precise and economical computational methods to forecast the heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids. This requires thorough experimental investigations at the system level. This edition highlights the significant contribution of nanofluid heat transfer in promoting carbon-free thermal technology and supporting the shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, in line with the worldwide effort to decarbonize the energy sector.
    Keywords: partial slip boundary conditions ; polynomial theory ; linear polarization ; fraction plasma modelling ; triadic hybridize nanofluid model ; heat and mass flux ; MHD ; morphology effect ; computational analysis (shooting technique) ; MgO–Ni nanoparticles ; magnetic hybrid nanofluids ; porous medium ; thermal and velocity slip ; solar coatings ; stagnation flow ; CNTs ; nanofluid ; stretching surface ; heat transfer ; stagnation point ; non-Newtonian nanofluids ; mathematical modeling based on experimental data ; heat-flow characteristics ; power-law fluid model ; nanoparticles ; biodiesel ; vegetable oil ; alcohol ; research hotspots ; fuel properties ; engine characteristics ; solar–thermal ; plasma functionalisation ; carbon nanotubes ; adsorption ; biochar ; BC-ZrFe2O5 NCs ; batch study ; response surface methodology ; lithium-ion battery ; cathode material ; LiMPO4 ; olivine structure ; lithium transport ; first-principle calculations ; density functional theory ; solar radiations ; exponential heat source ; copper nanoparticles ; gyrotactic motile microorganisms ; EMHD ; Joule heating ; porous media ; Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer ; nanofluids ; solar thermal energy conversion ; direct-absorption solar collectors ; solar-thermal nanofluids ; dispersion stability ; medium-temperature nanofluid ; solar collector ; stabilization mechanism ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 169
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The Special Issue “Cartography and Geomedia” presents a view of cartography as a combination of technology, science, and art, with a focus on the development of geomedia in a geomatic and design-based context. Individual considerations are presented according to the following topics: efficiency of mapping techniques; historical cartographic works in a geomedial context; cartographic pragmatics for cultural heritage, teaching, and tourism; and pragmatism in gaming cartography. The main conclusion is that the two approaches to learning, revealing, and understanding geographic phenomena—starting from a specific geographical phenomenon and starting from maps and geomedia to understand geographical space—have their pragmatic strengths.
    Keywords: cartography ; geomedia ; map ; symbol efficiency ; virtual reality ; geovisualization ; gaming cartography ; geographical space ; mapping techniques ; cartographic pragmatics ; eye tracking ; 3D modeling ; historio-geographical video ; map information potential ; virtual globe ; 3D visual parameters ; web-mapping ; geomedial teaching ; multimedia materials ; augmented reality ; topographic map ; mini-map ; pragmatics ; geographical phenomenon ; geographic information ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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  • 170
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Electric motors consume about 70% of industrial electricity and about 40%–45% of produced electricity in the world. This means that using high-efficiency electric motors will improve the level of energy consumption. In addition, it will reduce the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the environment. Furthermore, it will significantly reduce the need for new power plants, thus reducing the invested resources to do so. Electric machines employing rare-earth magnets have higher efficiency and power density. However, rare-earth magnets are expensive, and their manufacturing process, as well as the process of mining rare-earth raw materials, is harmful to the environment. Thereby, the development of energy-efficient electric machines without rare-earth magnets is of great interest. The aim of this reprint was to gather new research publications in various topics related to improving the energy efficiency of electric machines without using rare-earth magnets. Ten articles have been published which cover various topics.
    Keywords: centrifugal pump ; energy efficiency ; induction motor ; line-start synchronous motor ; synchronous reluctance motor ; throttling control ; simulation-based optimization ; coyote optimization algorithm ; water pumping ; axial flux induction motor ; finite element analysis ; performance evaluation ; cogging torque ; ferrite PM ; flux reversal machine ; non-rare earth ; wind energy ; international electrotechnical committee ; line start synchronous reluctance motor ; power factor ; super premium efficiency ; switched reluctance machine ; winding arrangement ; static torque ; dynamic torque ; torque ripple ; core loss ; flux reversal ; leakage-flux ; magnetic flux path ; electric motorcycle ; switched reluctance motors ; indirect torque control ; linear machine ; flux switching machine ; modular stator ; crooked tooth ; ferrite magnet ; genetic algorithm ; thermal analysis ; LPMEC model ; field-excited machine ; flux-switching machine ; performance analysis ; optimization ; switched reluctance motor (SRMs) ; hybrid excitation of SRM (HESRM) ; hybrid excitation of SRM without a permanent magnet ; permanent magnet (PM) ; electric vehicle motor ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Grateful thanks are given to Dr. Fouad El Monsouri and coworkers for contributing Chapter 1, which deals with ground water contamination with nitrate. Thanks are due to Dr. Arcadius Martininen Agassin Ahogle and coworkers for contributing Chapter 2, dealing with the assessment of soil organic carbon. Grateful thanks are provided to Dr. Puttapati Sampath Kumar and coworkers for contributing Chapter 3, dealing with the exploitation of eucalyptus leaves for electrode fabrication in supercapacitors. Indebtedness is due to Dr. Almaz S Jalilov and coworkers for contributing Chapter 4, dealing with the production of activated carbon from petroleum waste (vacuum residue). Thanks are due to Dr. Yongdan Li and coworkers for contributing Chapter 5, dealing with the use of exhausted olive pomace for the production of fuel for direct carbon fuel cells (DCFC). Grateful thanks are due to Dr. Roberta Mota-Panizio and coworkers for Chapter 6, dealing with the development of a concept for the production of essential oils and biomethane from biomass waste. Thanks are due to Dr. Vitali Nitsenko and coworkers for contributing Chapter 7, dealing with the modelling studies on the yield of biogas from organic mass. Thanks are due to Dr Imane Moulefera and coworkers for contributing Chapter 8, dealing with the adsorption of atenolol. Grateful indebtedness is due to Dr. Denis Mirohnichenko and coworkers for contributing Chapter 9, dealing with the development of bioedegradable polymer gels. Finally, indebtedness is due to Dr. Steven C Peterson and coworkers for contributing Chapter 10, dealing with the production of porous and polar biochar for composite applications.
    Keywords: biochar ; surface treatment ; lauric acid ; rubber composite ; activated carbon ; Stipa tenacissima ; chemical activation ; adsorption ; atenolol ; carbon sequestration ; sustainable farming systems ; particulate organic carbon ; particle-size fractionation ; environmentally safe ; biodegradable ; hydrogel films ; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ; bactericidal properties ; humic acids ; hybrid ; modification ; biogas ; biogas production ; bioenergy ; energy security ; organic mass ; nitrate contamination ; groundwater ; leaching ; soil chemical characterization ; biomass valorization ; biorefineries ; gasification ; essential oils ; biomass wastes ; biomethane ; vacuum residue ; supercapacitor ; carbon nanotechnology ; DCFC ; exhausted olive pomace ; electrochemistry ; limitations ; eucalyptus leaves ; nitrogen doping ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: History is the basis for our interpretation of humanity’s past. Indeed, new developments in digital humanities and the digitalization of archives can place historical sources in a new light. Systematized historical sources allow us to see the practical changes that have occurred over centuries of ethnobotany and analyze (although sometimes solely hypothesize on) the causes of such changes. Studying history helps us to understand the influences on the evolution of local ecological knowledge regarding plant use. In ethnobotany, numerous understudied historical sources are awaiting modern interpretations. Old uses enhanced by the new possibilities offered by technology can enrich our everyday lives. Yet, understanding historical sources, especially in ethnobotany, where several disciplines are involved, is not univocal. Mistakes introduced by misidentified plants or information misinterpreted from old languages can have negative, long-term consequences. This Special Issue provides examples of the critical analyses of various historical sources and insights into ongoing historical and diachronic studies on plant use. This reprint is intended for a broad interdisciplinary audience interested in historical ethnobotany, history of plant studies, and human culture.
    Keywords: history of ethnobotany ; early citizen science studies ; history of ethnomedicine ; archive data ; ethnopharmacology ; plant identification ; ethnobotany ; folk poetry ; plant symbolism ; ritual plants ; useful plants ; historical ethnobotany ; local ecological knowledge ; old herbals ; scholarly medicine ; Livonia ; Courland ; duckweed ; ethnobotanical convergence ; Hildegard von Bingen ; Paul Emile Botta ; Ritual of the Bacabs ; Babylonian Talmud ; Kurma Purana ; Ono no Komachi ; Ho Ching-ming ; Cyprus ; Maronites ; Mediterranean diet ; wild greens ; folklore collections ; biocultural diversity ; Estonian history ; folk medicine ; medicinal plants ; anthropology ; arable weed conservation ; charismatic species ; cultural history ; cultural symbols ; human–plants relations ; wild food plants ; cultural relict plants ; herbal remedies ; living biocultural heritage ; silvopastoral system ; Central Europe ; traditional use ; historical ethnopharmacology ; natural dyes ; traditional ecological knowledge ; textiles ; wool ; flax ; Easter eggs ; art ; Baroque ; floral elements ; NE Mediterranean ; Pelješac peninsula ; sacral heritage ; Alps ; borders ; ethnomedicine ; mountain regions ; ethnobotanical investigation ; diachronic comparison ; historical sources ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This is a collection of research articles reporting the most recent progress in organic optoelectronic materials and devices. The involved research work covers materials of organic and hybrid semiconductors, designs in micro and nano scales, structures for microcavity and random lasing, and devices for light emission or detection. Although these research results deal with only a narrow band of the broad topic of organic optoelectronics, they are believed to make excellent contributions to the new development of related fields. Appreciations should be delivered to all of the authors, whose support enabled the successful completion of this Special Issue.
    Keywords: quasicrystal resonator ; analytic model ; cavity coupling ; micro-nano photonics devices ; optical microcavity ; micro-nano vortex laser ; orbital angular momentum ; plasmonic devices ; flexible transparent electrodes ; silver nanowires ; laser nano-welding ; organic electronics ; small molecules ; crystallization ; moving in solid film ; glass transition temperature ; annealing temperature ; annealing time ; two-dimensional patterning ; periodical grids ; hybrid halide perovskites ; random lasing ; large-scale thin-film networks ; all-inorganic lead halide perovskite ; CsPbBr3 ; Cs4PbBr6 ; perovskite nanocrystals ; photodetector ; Y6 ; non-fullerene acceptor ; organic solar cell ; machine learning ; multi-function ; substrate effects ; random lasers ; surface morphology ; multicrystalline film of MAPbBr3 ; contact angles ; narrowband ; near-infrared ; perovskite ; organic ; TCAD ; responsivity ; FWHM ; random laser ; spatial coherence ; random scattering feedback ; tunable scattering coefficient ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint focuses on proteins as critical components of plant cell walls. They contribute not only to the overall architecture of the walls but also to the rearrangement of the cell wall polymers to enable growth, differentiation, and appropriate responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, thus allowing the adaptation of plants to their changing environment. Different experimental approaches are illustrated and the roles of a set of protein families are described. Moreover, new concepts involving the role of cell wall proteins in organ morphogenesis through calcium signaling are discussed.
    Keywords: Brachypodium ; cell wall ; nucleus ; zygotic embryo ; arabinogalactan proteins ; cellulose ; pectin ; matricellular proteins ; SOS5 ; periostin ; Mpb83 ; cellulase ; glycosyl hydrolase family 9 ; carbohydrate binding module (CBM) ; bioinformatics ; RT-qPCR ; morphogenesis ; cell wall protein ; hechtian oscillator ; calcium signaling ; H+-ATPase ; nutrients ; root system architecture ; Glycine max ; XTH gene family ; transgenic soybean ; plant genome ; plant hormone ; flooding ; root plasticity ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Class III peroxidase ; Medicago truncatula ; microdomains ; phylogenetics ; plasma membrane ; protein–protein interaction ; Oryza sativa ; tonoplast ; Zea mays ; pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI), pectin ; homogalacturonan (HG) ; cell wall properties ; degree of methylesterification (DM) ; stress ; development ; applications ; fasciclin-like AGP ; FLA ; evolution ; phylogeny ; plant cell wall ; proteome ; monocot ; stiff brome ; rice ; sugarcane ; Brachypodium distachyon ; Saccharum spp. ; extensins ; immunohistochemistry ; leaf ; temperature stress ; plant cell walls ; plasmodesmata ; callose ; callose synthase ; DUF642 family ; homogalacturonans ; plant development ; pectins ; EXO70 ; exocyst complex ; phosphatidic acid ; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate ; phospholipids ; plasma membrane domains ; polar exocytosis ; trichome ; phosphate starvation ; Pi mobilization ; roots ; grain ; remodeling ; polysaccharide ; wheat ; Phyllotaxis ; auxin ; acid growth ; Hechtian oscillator ; plasma membrane ion fluxes ; n/a ; green lineage ; modeling ; PAC domain ; plant ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Dive into the fascinating world of photosynthesis through the latest publications. This comprehensive work delves deep into the intricate regulatory mechanisms that underpin the vital process of photosynthesis. From the molecular reactions at the core to the overarching responses of entire plants, explore the diverse facets of this fundamental phenomenon. Discover how plants adeptly adapt to an ever-changing and often challenging environment. Gain valuable insights with real-world applications, spanning agriculture, forestry, and biotechnology. Whether you're a scientist, educator, or enthusiast, this reprint promises to unravel the mysteries of life's essential processes. Join us in this exploration of photosynthesis as we bridge the gap between scientific inquiry and practical knowledge, ensuring a sustainable future for both natural ecosystems and cultivated environments.
    Keywords: abiotic stressors ; environmental stress ; growth ; light intensity ; photosynthetic pigments ; picocyanobacteria ; plant physiology ; Alternaria brassicicola ; chlorophyll a fluorescence ; chloroplast ultrastructure ; defense response ; microarray ; photosynthesis ; susceptibility ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; extremely low frequency magnetic field ; Schumann resonance frequencies ; photosynthetic light reactions ; non-photochemical quenching ; quantum yield of photosystem II ; wheat ; pea ; endophytes ; culture filtrate ; exogenously hormone ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; antioxidant enzymes ; antioxidants ; carotenoids ; photochemical efficiency ; protein ; tocopherol ; xanthophyll cycle ; zeaxanthin ; root ; rhizosphere ; rhizobacteria ; root morphology ; abiotic stresses ; phase-sensitive imaging ; magnetopriming ; UV exclusion ; leaf venation ; leaf hydraulics ; high light ; thylakoid membrane ; microdomains ; photoprotection ; Synechocystis ; photoinhibition ; photosystems ; seed priming ; nanotechnology ; germination ; seed resistance ; sustainability ; cold plasma technology ; machine learning ; proton gradient regulation 5 (PGR5) ; PGR5-like photosynthetic phenotype 1 (PGRL1) ; photosynthetic electron transport ; PSI photoinhibition ; oxidation of P700 ; oxidative stress ; combined effect ; Pisum sativum L. ; nanoparticles ; cerium oxide ; zinc oxide ; metal uptake ; hydroponic culture ; photomorphogenesis ; Pinus sylvestris ; light of various spectral composition ; gene expression ; pigment content ; lipid droplets ; microalgae ; Raman spectroscopy ; Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ; cyanobacteria ; heavy metals ; nitrogenase ; heterocyst ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Since the discovery and clinical application of penicillin, microbial natural products have played a critical role in protecting public health. However, the emergence and wide spread of drug-resistant pathogens pose a new grave threat to humankind and make this issue one of the world’s most severe public health problems. New chemical entries with antimicrobial activities, new mechanisms, or novel therapeutic methods are urgently needed for drug development. By exploring new sources, new technologies in separation and structural elucidation, genome mining, and synthetic biology, natural product research is entering a new golden age.This Special Issue on natural products with antimicrobial activities covers the discovery of new secondary metabolites, new mechanisms, and new therapeutic methods for potential application in antimicrobial drug screening and development.
    Keywords: antimicrobials ; Bacillus ; probiotic ; animal feed ; omics ; curcumin ; metabolism ; bioavailability ; formulations ; pharmacological activities ; cyclic tetrapeptides ; synergistic antifungal activity ; molecular networking ; Aspergillus westerdijkiae ; marine-derived fungus ; Talaromyces sp. ; antibacterial ; Staphylococcus aureus ; polyketide ; Aspergillus terreus ; Aspergillus unguis ; co-culture ; antimicrobial activity ; LC-PDA-MS/MS ; molecular network ; database mining ; plant metabolite ; Bryophytes ; moss ; Physcomitrium patens ; Sphagnum fallax ; antibacterial activity ; exudate ; extract ; bacitracin ; cream ; in vitro evaluation ; chitosan ; propolis ; ethanol extracts ; blends of propolis ; phenolic compounds ; antioxidant potential ; Candida albicans ; antagonistic microorganisms ; biocontrol strategy ; bioactive compounds ; pestalachlorides ; halogenase ; genome-mining ; flavin-dependent halogenases (FDHs) ; atropisomers ; antimicrobial ; antifungal ; heteroaryl (aryl) thiazole derivatives ; docking ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This reprint focuses on the application of groundwater models developed with the aim of optimizing the management of water resources in urban environments, coastal areas, karst aquifers, and riparian zones, among other environments. The testing of innovative techniques applied to traditional models, including machine learning techniques, is of particular interest. Special attention is given to the application of tools for the evaluation of climate change effects on groundwater.
    Keywords: groundwater monitoring ; modeling ; MODFLOW ; kriging ; residuals ; water levels ; Edwards–Trinity aquifer ; GIS ; remote sensing ; groundwater potential assessment ; analytical hierarchy processes ; weight overlay analysis ; West Arsi Zone ; groundwater ; physically-based models ; machine learning models ; artificial neural network ; random forest ; support vector machine ; carbonate aquifer ; faults and folds ; groundwater modelling ; multilayer aquifer ; MODFLOW-NWT formulation ; Central Italy ; heat transport ; watershed modeling ; temperature ; climate change ; water pollution ; solute transport modelling ; Geographic Information System (GIS) ; pollution prevention plans ; pharmaceuticals ; carbamazepine ; longitudinal dispersion coefficient ; decay rate coefficient ; small island ; groundwater storage ; groundwater management ; geo-electrical survey ; density-dependent model ; SEAWAT ; water security ; unsaturated zone ; water management ; groundwater forecasting ; foothill aquifers ; Brenta River plain ; Empoli plain ; Magra Valley ; groundwater hydrochemistry ; principal component analysis ; multi-aquifer system ; flow model ; contaminant sources ; urban hydrogeology ; rising groundwater levels ; shallow aquifer ; 3D geodatabase ; horizontal flow barrier ; Milan ; Italy ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The application of generalized and fractional derivatives, such as Caputo and Riemann–Liouville derivatives, has witnessed a dramatic increase in recent years. This reprint focuses on related theoretical and applied research in areas such as the stability of time series, Lotka–Volterra systems, distributed delays, Fornberg–Whitham equations, abstract evolution and fractional wave equations, cantilever beams, and fractional Riccati and Volterra equations, as well as fractional visco-elasto-plasticity, spectral theory for fractional Sturm–Liouville problems, generalized differential equations, Mittag–Leffler functions, and fractional Laplacians.
    Keywords: Mellin-Barnes integrals ; Sinc methods ; Sinc quadrature ; Fox functions ; Aleph functions ; Saxena function ; definite integrals ; fractional calculus ; fractional Langevin equation ; ML-kernel ; existence of solutions ; UH-type stability ; numerical simulation ; Caputo sense ; space-fractional Fisher’s equation ; cubic polynomial spline ; von Neumann stability ; fractional differential equations ; κ(x)-Laplacian ; χ-Hilfer fractional derivative ; existence ; multiplicity of solutions ; genus theory ; Concentration-Compactness Principle ; Mountain Pass Theorem ; variable exponents ; variational methods ; Fractional Sturm–Liouville ; Laplace transform ; Mittag-Leffler function ; eigenvalues ; asymptotics ; Cahn–Hilliard equation ; fractional Laplacian ; memory ; two dimensional Volterra integral equation ; operational matrix ; block pulse ; Taylor polynomials ; gradient nonlinearity ; fractional diffusion equation ; hyper-Bessel ; fractional partial differential equations ; fractional differential equation ; p-derivative ; power-law visco-elasto-plasticity ; time-fractional integration ; fractional quasi-linear viscoelasticity ; fractional Riccati differential equation ; approximate solution ; residual power series ; fractional wave equation ; Riemann–Liouville derivatives ; inverse problem ; determination of the order of derivative ; Fourier method ; evolution equations ; operator function ; Abel–Lidskii basis property ; Schatten–von Neumann class ; multi-order fractional differential equation ; stability ; instability ; Caputo derivative ; cantilever beam ; existence and uniqueness of minimizers ; fractional boundary value problem ; Euler–Lagrange theorem ; homotopy perturbation method ; fractional Fornberg–Whitham equation ; partial differential equation ; Caputo’s derivatives ; variational iteration method ; Adomian decomposition method ; homotopy analysis method ; fractional-order nonlinear system ; Razumikhin approach ; input delay ; distributed delay ; leader–following consensus ; Lotka–Volterra system ; boundedness ; fractional piecewise order derivative ; variable kernel ; existence of solution ; stability results ; time series ; sequence operator ; fractional-order operator ; model stability ; model perturbation analysis ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Recently, aluminium scandium nitride (AlScN) emerged as a material with superior properties compared to aluminium nitride (AlN). Substituting Al with Sc in AlN leads to a dramatic increase in the piezoelectric coefficient as well as in electromechanical coupling. This discovery finally allowed us to overcome the limitations of AlN thin films in various piezoelectric applications while still enabling us to benefit from all of the advantages of the parent material system, such as a high temperature stability, CMOS compatibility, and good mechanical properties. Potential applications include RF filters (bulk acoustic wave (BAW) or surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators), energy harvesting, sensing applications, and infra-red detectors. The recent progress in MOCVD- and MBE-grown AlScN has led to high-frequency and -power electronics, (high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs)). AlScN is the first wurtzite III-nitride where ferroelectric switching was observed, allowing for many new possible applications in semiconductor memories additionally, it enables the additional functionality of switching to applications where piezoelectric materials are already in use. This Special Issue was very successful in covering all of the main aspects of AlScN research, including its growth, the fundamental and application-relevant properties, and device fabrication and characterization. We can see that AlScN technology is mature enough to be utilized in wafer-level material development and complicated devices, but there is still much to discover in terms of deposition process control, anisotropy, and, in particular, ferroelectric behavior.
    Keywords: AlN ; AlScN ; aluminum nitride ; aluminum scandium nitride ; micromirror ; microscanner ; piezoelectric ; aluminium scandium nitride ; piezoelectric thin films ; MEMS ; non-metallic substrates ; scandium-doped aluminum nitride ; ferroelectric ; substrate-RF ; residual stress ; coercive field ; leakage current ; high temperature ; nonvolatile memory ; retention ; fatigue ; wurtzite ; film ; sputter deposition ; scandium–aluminum nitride ; Lamb-wave resonators ; complementary switchable ; SAW devices ; piezoelectricity ; ScAlN thin film ; diamond thin film ; 5G technology ; electromechanical coupling coefficient k2 ; Q-factor ; aluminum scandium nitride (AlScN) ; aluminum nitride (AlN) ; wet etch ; potassium hydroxide (KOH) ; physical vapor deposition ; stress ; stress gradient ; fabrication ; cantilever beams ; thermal stability ; structure analysis ; X-ray diffraction ; ferroelectrics ; thin film ; PUND test ; laser ultrasound ; surface acoustic waves ; magnetron sputter epitaxy ; elastic properties ; thin films ; piezoelectric films ; Raman spectroscopy ; alloy scattering ; temperature coefficient ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    African Minds
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Young scientists are a powerful resource for change and sustainable development, as they drive innovation and knowledge creation. However, comparable findings on young scientists in various countries, especially in Africa and developing regions, are generally sparse. Therefore, empirical knowledge on the state of early-career scientists is critical in order to address current challenges faced by those scientists in Africa. This book reports on the main findings of a three-and-a-half-year international project in order to assist its readers in better understanding the African research system in general, and more specifically its young scientists. The first part of the book provides background on the state of science in Africa, and bibliometric findings concerning Africa's scientific production and networks, for the period 2005 to 2015. The second part of the book combines the findings of a large-scale, quantitative survey and more than 200 qualitative interviews to provide a detailed profile of young scientists and the barriers they face in terms of five aspects of their careers: research output; funding; mobility; collaboration; and mentoring. In each case, field and gender differences are also taken into account. The last part of the book comprises conclusions and recommendations to relevant policy- and decision-makers on desirable changes to current research systems in Africa.
    Keywords: science ; scientists ; Africa ; research ; technology ; innovation ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1H Africa ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDG Industrial applications of scientific research and technological innovation ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general::GPS Research methods: general ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research and statistics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The discipline of aquaculture ecology is developing rapidly and has generated much valuable progress in recent decades. This reprint mainly describes the recent advances in the individual ecology of commercial aquatic organisms, the ecology of aquaculture systems, the interaction between aquaculture activities and the environment, the structure of function of microbial communities, the principles of environmental management in aquaculture ecosystems, etc. Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing human activities, and has achieved high and predictable yields in recent decades. However, the industry is also facing numerous long-term challenges, such as environmental pollution, excessive resource consumption, etc. Aquaculture ecology aims to lay an ecological foundation for the sustainable development of aquaculture. This reprint hosts 10 papers and 1 editorial, with topics including, but not limited to, the impact of floating raft aquaculture on the hydrodynamic environment of an open sea area; the bioremediation of aquaculture wastewater using seaweed; the production environment in biofloc systems; the effects of various environmental factors, including temperature, carbonate alkalinity and protein levels in compound feed on commercial aquatic species; advances in ecology research on major integrated rice field aquaculture models in China, etc. The advances in aquaculture ecology research collected in this reprint can provide references for the sustainable development of aquaculture.
    Keywords: aquaculture wastewater ; desiccation ; growth ; Neoporphyra ; nitrogen limitation ; NO3-N and PO4-P removal ; water velocity ; molasses ; PHBV ; water quality ; nitrification rate ; heterotrophic ; bacteria community ; bacterial function ; rice–crab co-culture ; Eriocheir sinensis ; dietary protein content ; ecological environment ; rice field ; integrated aquaculture ; ecology ; review ; prospects ; coupling degree ; eco-certification ; biochemical composition ; golden tide ; NO3-N uptake ; photosynthesis ; seaweed cultivation ; mud crab ; temperature ; molting ; energy metabolism ; floating raft aquaculture area ; open sea area ; hydrodynamic environment ; water exchange capacity ; numerical simulation ; carbonate alkalinity stress ; Exopalaemon carinicauda ; reproduction ; ovary ; eyestalk ; transcriptome ; growth performance ; bacterial community ; Bacillus pumilus BP-171 ; Penaeus vannamei ; Daphniopsis tibetana ; biology ; different habitats ; population growth parameters ; third-generation transcriptome sequencing ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: In this Special Issue “2D Nanostructures for Optoelectronic and Green Energy Devices”, we have collected nine high-quality, original research papers and one comprehensive review paper by outstanding scientists and engineers from relevant fields, covering the topics in optical properties and couplings in 2D nanostructures, spectroscopic analysis in atomic scale, 2D transistors, 2D optoelectronics, and 2D energy storage applications. This Special Issue is expected to attract and enrich readers by providing innovative research articles and a review paper in the field of 2D nanostructures.
    Keywords: 2D materials ; Heterostructures ; Electronic devices ; Optoelectronic devices ; Nanogenerator ; Solar cells/LEDs ; Supercapacitor and batteries ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In order to solve richer and more diverse problems in environmental and Earth sciences and other fields that have a direct impact on human society and human life, it has become a global trend to synergistically utilize methodological innovations in all relevant fields, including statistical science, systems science, complexity science, and artificial intelligence, to tackle the problems. This Reprint, a collection of papers published in a Special Issue of Applied Sciences, demonstrates the feasibility of such a rationale. This Special Issue is hoped to instigate further activities along this line.
    Keywords: complexity science ; chaos ; fractal ; multiscale analysis ; globalization ; international trade ; digital elevation model ; facies heterogeneity ; snow cover simulation ; ice elevation change ; earthquakes ; seismic activity ; landslide susceptibility ; reforestation ; ecosystem service ; indoor positioning ; risk analysis ; human movement ; city transportation dynamics ; recommander systems ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Special Issue of Molecules entitled “Food Processing and Its Impact on Phenolic and Other Bioactive Constituents in Food—Second Edition”. Bioactive compounds, including phenolic ingredients, have long been used as important constituents of a healthy diet. As a result, consumer awareness about the important role of high-quality products rich in bioactive compounds—especially phenolic compounds—in human nutrition, health, and prevention against diseases has increased. Additionally, methods for food processing, regardless of the technology used, have a huge impact on the quality of the final products. Therefore, the big challenges for scientists lie in the monitoring of changes during food processing and the optimization of technology to achieve minimal degradation of nutrients (including phenolic compounds). Thus, for this Special Issue, we published the latest scientific news, insights, and advances in the field of food processing and its impact on bioactive constituents in food, especially phenolic compounds. The information presented will certainly attract considerable interest among a large group of our readers from different disciplines and research fields.
    Keywords: cherry elaeagnus ; chemical composition ; biologically active compounds ; antioxidant activity ; cultivation ; sea-buckthorn ; defatted juice ; wheat beer ; beer quality ; bioactive compounds ; antioxidant potential of beer ; Saskatoon berry fruit ; ozonation ; wheat beers ; quality of fruity wheat beers ; Physalis alkekengi ; bladder cherry fruit ; seeds ; peel ; pulp ; oil ; composition ; concretes ; ultrasound ; acetic acid ; peracetic acid ; disinfection ; vegetables ; ready-to-eat ; food safety ; non-chlorine sanitizer ; emerging technologies ; untargeted metabolomics ; markers ; food processing ; processing degree ; antioxidant ; bitter gourd ; carotenoid ; fruit stage ; polyphenol ; thermal processing ; antioxidants ; cuticular waxes ; cyclooxygenases ; GC-MS ; Golden Delicious ; Ligol ; Malus domestica ; phytosterols ; Redkroft ; triterpenes ; ursolic acid ; okara ; sustainable food production ; buckwheat ; rice ; millet ; phenolics ; antioxidant properties ; polyphenols ; color ; yeast ; quality of wine ; wine preservation ; environmental protection ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue is a continuation of our previous Special Issue “Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Plasticity: Dynamic Changes in Neurons Functions”. With the aim to present good research papers provided by specialists, this Special Issue published basic research and pre-clinical research articles, case reports, case series or clinical image articles, short communications, and review articles.
    Keywords: electrophysiology ; microdialysis ; immunohistochemistry ; L-DOPA ; deep brain stimulation ; Fingolimod ; FTY720 ; BDNF ; primary cultures ; dendrites ; dendritic spines ; Rett syndrome ; Mecp2 ; Cdkl5 ; paired associative stimulation (PAS) ; multiple sclerosis (MS) ; interleukin (IL)-1β ; synaptic plasticity ; long-term potentiation (LTP) ; transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) ; stroke ; neuronal extracellular matrix ; neurovascular unit ; matrix metalloproteinases ; systems biology ; maladaptive plasticity ; glutamatergic system ; synaptic ultrastructure ; schizophrenia ; autism spectrum disorder ; fear extinction ; fear conditioning ; medial prefrontal cortex ; RNA sequencing ; differential gene expression ; electrophysiological recordings ; excitatory post-synaptic currents ; spinogenesis ; fear-related disorders ; food deprivation ; dietary restriction ; dorsolateral striatum ; GluA1 ; calcium-permeable AMPA ; naphthyl-acetyl spermine ; A2A ; cAMP ; A2A mRNA ; dystonia ; DYT1 ; basal ganglia ; D2 ; cerebellar atrophy ; bipolar disorder ; voxel-based morphometry ; cerebellar grey matter volume ; 22q11 deletion syndrome ; synapses ; mitochondria ; astrocytes ; Parkinson’s disease ; PBMCs ; Seahorse ; immunometabolic pathway ; neuroinflammation ; biomarkers ; synaptopathy ; CDKL5 ; inhibitory synapse ; gephyrin ; collybistin ; GABAA receptor ; pregnenolone-methyl-ether ; microRNA ; miR-132/212 ; dorsal hippocampus ; ventral hippocampus ; corticosterone ; emotional behavior ; anxiety-like behavior ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The "New Approaches to Synthetic Organic Chemistry" Special Issue has continued to challenge and expand our scientific knowledge of the surrounding world, exploring the frontiers between at least two of its dynamic interfaces: human life and the environment. Subject to all evolutionary facets of organic chemistry, its perpetual developments reimagined within the current organic synthesis (strategies, methodologies, reaction mechanisms, reagents, catalysts, chemical and instrumental auxiliaries) nevertheless obey two crucial common denominators, "selectivity" vs. “specificity” (these terms being, equally, preceded by typical prefixes, either chemo-, regio- or stereo-), as mandatory criteria. The present Special Issue gathered research articles, communications, and review papers, disclosing the most recent advances in organic synthesis, i.e., those related to its near future defined as “atomic precision” in chemical reactions. The sustainability of these efforts, which denotes an intrinsic chemical diversity, is expected to highlight, to the interested readers, their innovative applications in human life and the environment.
    Keywords: 3-(1,3-diarylallylidene)oxindole ; knoevenagel condensation ; allylic oxidation ; wittig reaction ; aldol reaction ; non-palladium-catalyzed ; glycals ; 2-OH thioglycosides ; glycosyl donors ; glycosylation ; one-pot reaction ; cyclopropenes ; cyclopropanes ; nucleophilic addition ; metal-templated reactions ; flavonoids ; 1,3-dithiolium salts ; dithiocarbamates ; homophthalic anhydride ; imine ; Castagnoli–Cushman reaction ; tetrahydroisoquinolone ; lactam ; all-carbon quaternary atom ; gold(I)-catalyzed ; arylalkyne ; benzene derivatives ; cyclopentene derivatives ; furan and pyran derivatives ; copper catalysis ; asymmetric reaction ; desymmetrization ; glycerol ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ; double hetero[7]helicene ; short-step synthesis ; electrochemical cross-coupling ; nucleus-independent chemical shift ; acylethynylpyrroles ; alkynones ; terminal alkynes ; deacylation ; retro-Favorsky reaction ; asymmetric organocatalysis ; quaternary ammonium salts ; phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs) ; camphor ; camphor-derived diamines ; β-keto esters ; enantioselective α-fluorination ; electrophilic α-chlorination ; asymmetric Michael addition ; α-nitroketones ; alkenes ; alkynes ; 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition ; p-TsOH ; isoxazolines ; nitroacrylates ; organocatalysis ; stereoselective synthesis ; reduction ; chiral nitro derivatives ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This reprint focuses on monitoring and analysis of the relationship between urbanization and ecosystem services on the different scales. The use of innovative technologies for land cover change monitoring, ecosystem services modeling and mapping, innovation in land use planning, and which highlight the potential of technologies to tackle challenges such as sustainability of urbanization, climate change adaptation, sustainable land management, and food security are of particular interest.
    Keywords: urbanization ; land use–land cover change ; landscape pattern ; green space area ; ecosystem services ; Jakarta ; Changchun ; China ; air pollution removal ; ecosystem assessment ; food security ; heat mitigation ; urban green areas ; urban recreation ; urban ecosystem services ; land cover ; Copernicus ; land monitoring ; CORINE land cover ; carbon storage capacity ; EAGLE matrix ; nature-based solutions ; conservative agriculture ; erosion protection ; water regulation and supply ; N balance ; ecosystem services flows ; land consumption ; Italy ; ecosystems governance ; knowledge ; regulations ; Urban Agenda for the EU ; under-used spaces ; urban regeneration ; carbon budget ; spatiotemporal patterns ; drivers ; Yangtze River Delta ; coupling coordination relationship ; Inner Mongolia ; deep learning ; convolutional neural networks ; land consumption mapping ; remote sensing ; semantic segmentation ; urban–rural continuum ; land use efficiency ; SDG ; urban expansions ; population dynamics ; ecosystem accounting ; SEEA-EA ; MAES ; EAGLE ; carbon stock ; crop production ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: In the last few decades, the application of fractional calculus to real-world problems has grown rapidly, with dynamical systems described by fractional differential equations (FDEs) representing one of the ways by which to understand complex materials and processes. Due to the power required to model the non-locality, memory, spatial heterogeneity and anomalous diffusion inherent in many real-world problems, FDEs have attracted significant attention in many fields of science and are still under development. However, generally, fractional mathematical models from science and engineering are so complex that analytical solutions are not available. Therefore, the numerical solution is an effective tool in fractional mathematical models. This Special Issue presents the latest developments in fractional differential equations, reports the state-of-the-art numerical methods, and discusses the future trends and challenges.
    Keywords: fractional calculus ; numerical methods ; numerical analysis ; fractional differential equations ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The present text is an edited Special Issue in reprint form. This Special Issue took the opportunity to invite researchers to contribute their latest original research findings, which were either advances in the state-of-the-art of mathematical methods, theoretical studies, or experimental studies that extend the bounds of existing methodologies to new contributions, addressing current challenges and engineering problems on “Recent Advances in Mathematical Aspect in Engineering”. Although this reprint is not a formal textbook, it will definitely be useful for university teachers, research students and industrial researchers, and will assist in overcoming difficulties while dealing with the nonlinear governing equations of fluid mechanics, energy, heat transfer, steady and unsteady flow problems, nanofluids, thermodynamics, magnetohydrodynamics, peristaltic and blood flow. For nonlinear and coupled differential equations, it is often more difficult to achieve an analytic solution or even a numerical one. This reprint has successfully handled this challenging task with the techniques reported within. In addition, the findings of the simulations are logically realistic and meet the standard of sufficient scientific value.
    Keywords: rotating disk ; Arrhenius activation energy ; nanoparticles ; binary chemical reaction ; MHD ; heat generation/absorption ; slip effects ; numerical solution ; Keller-box technique ; Casson nanofluid ; Power law fluid ; Convective boundaries ; Radiation effect ; Inclined surface ; maxwellfluid ; mixed convection ; isothermal stretching disks ; homotopy analysis method ; rotating stretchable disk ; newtonian fluid ; axisymmetric flow ; convection ; entropy production ; heat transfer engineering ; blood flow ; flow distribution ; maldistribution ; numerical modeling ; symmetry ; printed circuit heat exchanger ; finite-time boundedness ; T-S fuzzy systems ; time-varying delay ; Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) ; cilia motion ; blood clot ; endoscopy ; mass transport ; particle-fluid ; symmetric curved channel ; Johnson-Segalman fluid ; convective conditions ; compliant walls ; fluid mechanics ; optimization ; energy ; heat transfer ; steady and unsteady flow problems ; porosity ; nanofluids ; particle shape effects ; multiphase flow ; thermodynamics ; magnetohydrodynamics ; electromagnetic ; physiological fluid phenomena in biological systems ; peristaltic ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Syngas (CO and H2) is a crucial platform for the production of a variety of high-value compounds. This reprint focused on research into the production of syngas, the conversion and application of syngas, and catalyst synthesis.
    Keywords: mesoporous titanosilicate ; hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS) ; vanadium catalyst ; methanol-selective oxidation ; dual bed ; syngas ; methanol ; dimethyl ether ; light paraffins ; propane ; Fischer-Tropsch ; cobalt carbide ; active phase ; product distribution ; metallic cobalt ; H2 production ; Ni-(Fe/Cr) ; layered double hydroxide ; CO2 reforming ; formaldehyde ; acid treatment ; MnO2 ; catalyst ; LDPE ; ZSM-5 ; HY ; MCM-41 ; catalytic pyrolysis ; dimethyl carbonate ; Y zeolite ; Cu states ; density functional theory ; reaction mechanism ; CO methanation ; Ni/MCM-41 catalyst ; deactivation ; synthetic natural gas ; slurry-bed reactor ; CO2-CH4 reforming ; Ni-based catalyst ; carbon deposition ; base-free ; crystal type ; furfural oxidation to furoic acid ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The effects of nutrition on chronic conditions, such as diabetes, obesity, heart disease, and stroke, continue to generate interest among researchers. This is because diet is a modifiable risk factor. The composition of diet, including the proportions and types of macronutrients and micronutrients, is a major contributor to chronic diseases. The beneficial effects of nutritional interventions on chronic conditions have been well documented, although differences remain among researchers concerning their overall impact. The evaluations of the role of nutrition in chronic conditions draw on diet’s effects on body weight, body composition, glycemic, and insulin excursions, and vascular remodeling. The effect of diet in modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis is also an evolving area of research. This reprint, entitled “Nutrition in Chronic Conditions”, aims to examine the effect of nutrition in the development, care, and management of chronic conditions. This reprint includes 11 original studies conducted in high- and middle-income countries, 3 systematic reviews with meta-analysis, and 3 literature reviews. The topics covered in the reprint include: the effects of diet on (1) insulin and glucose metabolism; (2) gut health; (3) brain and cognitive impairment; (4) infections, chronic conditions, malnutrition, and all-cause mortality; (5) obesity and dietary variables in post-menopausal women; (6) non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice, specifically with the consumption of coffee; and (7) chronic conditions and COVID-19 infection.
    Keywords: metabolic syndrome ; insulin resistance ; diabetes mellitus type 2 ; mild cognitive impairment ; Alzheimer’s disease ; NAFLD ; coffee ; lncRNA ; Gm16551 ; H19 ; diabetes ; chronic kidney disease ; proteinuria ; inflammation ; diet ; nutrition ; plant-based foods ; medical nutrition therapy ; type 2 diabetes ; almonds ; tree nuts ; glycated haemoglobin ; gut microbiota ; body mass index ; bone metabolism ; obesity ; osteoporosis ; fracture ; bone turnover markers ; economic analysis ; chronic heart failure ; nutritional support ; clinical outcomes ; cost savings ; COVID-19 ; micronutrients ; deficiency ; SARS-CoV-2 ; hospital outcomes ; childhood obesity ; pandemic ; personalised lifestyle intervention ; overweight ; BMI ; extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) ; innate immunity ; PBLs ; cytokines ; handgrip strength ; malnutrition ; cancer ; glycemic control ; intake ; adolescents ; glycemic index ; glycemic load ; dietary fiber ; mortality ; cardiovascular diseases ; cohort study ; beta-hydroxybutyrate ; evolution ; ketogenesis ; anti-inflammatory ; zinc deficiency ; inflammatory bowel disease ; meta-analysis ; dietary habits ; Helicobacter pylori ; socio-demographic factors ; biochemical measurement ; vitamin D ; Bahrain ; postprandial ; hypertension ; insulinaemia ; triglyceridaemia ; prebiotics ; oral anti-diabetic agents ; gut microbiome ; Network meta-analysis ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Coasts are highly dynamic and geomorphologically complex systems that evolve under the growing pressures of climate change and anthropogenic activities, which can have direct or indirect impacts on the coastal environment. Among the major adverse effects, coastal erosion represents one of the most pressing global issues, especially in flat and low-lying coastal areas that appear to be particularly susceptible to beach erosion and related shoreline retreat. This Special Issue presents twelve papers on “Shoreline Dynamics and Beach Erosion” that contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the dynamics and spatial-temporal evolution of shorelines and beach systems. Using multi-, interdisciplinary, and new experimental approaches, coastal systems of variable complexities located in different geographic and climatic contexts are investigated. The major topics covered concern the morphodynamics and hydrodynamics of coastal systems, the driving factors of coastal erosion, and the use of models and indexes to study coastal vulnerability, and the mitigation of human and natural pressures affecting coastal ecosystems.
    Keywords: Baltic Sea ; cliff ; sandy spit ; beach ; beach gravels ; gravel grain shape ; lithostatistical analysis ; coastal zone dynamics ; lithodynamics ; beach sediment budget ; coastal dynamics ; beach evolution ; coastal morphology ; feed-back processes ; Philippines ; Lingayen Gulf ; Suruga Bay ; high-angle waves ; sand spit ; shoreline instability ; BG model ; rate of longshore sand transport ; wave climate ; nearshore bars ; field data ; cross-shore bar migration ; wave conditions ; wave non-linearity ; storms ; teleconnection patterns ; Black Sea ; crenulated-bay beach ; hyperbolic-tangent shape ; shoreline response ; Boussinesq Wave model ; coastal defences ; extreme wave storms ; tidal levels ; tourist beaches ; beach erosion ; infrastructure damage ; socioeconomic impacts ; Tenerife ; Canary Islands ; volcanic coast ; cliff instability ; rock falls ; Campi Flegrei ; southern Italy ; sea-level rise ; InSAR ; Magdalena River ; coastal changes ; subsidence ; mangroves ; sediment compaction ; La Mancha lagoon ; coastal ; dynamics ; DESCR framework ; barrier spit ; overwash ; barrier migration ; shoreline change ; hurricane ; extra-tropical storm ; North Captiva Island ; barrier island ; Hurricane Charley ; sediment transport ; shoreline evolution ; UAV data elaboration ; coastal vulnerability assessment ; CVA approach ; Molise coast ; Italy ; morpho-sedimentological characterization ; coastal system analysis and modeling ; hydro-meteorological extremes ; sea level rise ; coastal hydrodynamics ; beach erosion drivers ; coastal susceptibility and risk ; coastal dune and beach management ; coastline defense and anthropization ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint provides research on how technologies such as artificial intelligence-based machine learning and deep learning can be applied to remote sensing. Through this, we can see the process of solving the existing problems of image and image signal processing for remote sensing. These techniques are computationally intensive and require the help of high-performance computing devices. With the development of devices such as GPUs, remote sensing technology, and aerial sensing technology, it is possible to monitor the Earth with high-resolution images and to obtain vast amounts of Earth observation data. The papers published in this reprint describe recent advances in big data processing and artificial intelligence-based technologies for remote sensing technology.
    Keywords: live fuel moisture content ; deep learning ; ensemble learning ; multi-source remote sensing ; spatiotemporal fusion ; dilated convolution ; improved transformer encoder ; global correlation information ; semantic segmentation ; attention mechanism ; robust deep learning ; remote sensing ; data fusion ; low-light image enhancement ; retinex theory ; remote-sensing ; orbital angular momentum ; mode detection ; fine-grained image classification ; attention pyramid ; atmospheric turbulence ; sea surface temperature ; mutual information ; LSTM ; self-attention ; interdimensional attention ; noise suppression deblurring ; curriculum learning ; image reconstruction ; turbulence degradation ; depthwise separable convolutional neural networks ; spectrogram augmentation ; sound detection ; vehicle detection ; image super-resolution ; model design ; evaluation methods ; maritime communication ; evaporation duct ; multi-dimensional prediction model ; digital surface model ; multimodal ; multi-scale supervision ; feature separation ; reconstruction refinement ; significant wave height ; autoencoder ; principal component analysis ; SAR ; altimeter ; Gaussian process regression ; convolutional neural network ; computer vision ; solar farm ; solar panel ; capacity estimation ; photovoltaics ; optical remote sensing ; peri-urban forests ; lightweight convolutional neural network ; FlexibleNet ; carbon sequestration ; semi-supervised learning ; few-shot learning ; SAR target recognition ; discriminative representation learning ; remote image ; CNN ; multiscale feature fusion ; Transformer ; improved Tversky loss ; two-step convolution model ; cloud detection ; cloud matting ; cloud removal ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Polyoxometalates (POMs) are a large and rapidly growing class of early-transition-metal oxide clusters. POMs are formed via acid-involved condensation reactions from monomeric oxometalate units, thus holding a special position (intermediate state) between monomeric oxometalate units and infinite metal oxide frameworks. POMs continue to show remarkable advances and unexpected surprises in both their fundamentals and applications. The chemical compositions (addenda atoms) of POMs are mainly Mo, W, V, Nb, and Ta, and the heteroatoms of POMs are more variable, including P, As, B, Al, Si, Ge, S, and so on. The wide range of chemical composition variability and the large amount of unusual structural types enable POMs to exhibit a large number of different properties, such as rich solution equilibria, significant chemical and thermal stability, strong acidity, and the ability to act as proton–electron sinks due to their fast and reversible proton-coupled redox processes. Based on their intrinsic multifunctional nature, POMs have significant applications in catalysis, medicine, and materials science, etc. POMs not only can be used widely in different disciplines but can also be combined with polymers, oxides, ionic liquids, or carbonaceous supports to construct new and advanced composite (hybrid) materials, which have important, extensive applications in catalysis, electrode materials, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and so on.
    Keywords: vanadium-containing polyoxoniobates ; electrocatalysis ; benzyl alcohol oxidation ; nickel complexes ; polyoxometalate ; Anderson-Evans ; triol ligand ; cation-modulation ; polyoxometalates ; azobenzene ; photo-responsive ; ion-mobility mass spectrometry ; shape characterization ; TiO2 nanowire ; composite film ; bifunctional electrochromic energy storage ; hydrothermal syntheses ; cluster-organic frameworks ; helical chain ; vanadogermanate ; secondary transition metal substituted Ge-V-O clusters ; Anderson structure ; organic synthesis ; molecular catalysis ; green chemistry ; vanadomolybdate ; covalent modification ; hybrid ; decaborate ; DFT ; NMR ; hydrogen evolution reaction ; proton transfer ; octamolybdate ; chromatography ; structural analysis ; titanium ; zirconium ; transition metal substitution ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNK Inorganic chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Sustainability is a critical global challenge that requires comprehensive assessments of environmental, social, and economic indicators. The formulation of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represents a significant leap forward in humanity's pursuit of sustainability. The SDGs now serve as a shared platform for global development, guiding current actions towards and shaping visions of a sustainable future. Monitoring progress towards the SDGs and sustainability in general is essential. This is true not only at the global and national scales, but also at the subnational and landscape levels. Geographic information science (GIScience) and remote sensing (RS) have made significant advances in these areas. These breakthroughs include the increasing availability of geospatial data, a development which plays a crucial role in this regard. This Special Issue aimed to bring together novel contributions on the assessment of sustainability and sustainability-related indicators over space and time using geospatial data, tools, and techniques (GIScience and RS). This publication contains 11 peer-reviewed papers, including two review articles and nine research articles.
    Keywords: sustainable development ; Earth observation ; SDG indicators ; EO4SDG ; SDG global indicator framework ; global SDG indicators database ; social-ecological indicators ; Urban Surface Ecological Status (USES) ; Remotely Sensed Surface Ecological Index (RSUSEI) ; sustainability ; impervious surfaces ; US cities ; National Land Cover Database (NLCD) ; wetland ; muthurajawela marsh and negombo lagoon ; socio-ecological ; spatio-temporal analysis ; urban ecology ; remote sensing ; conflict resources monitoring ; disease control and prevention ; human rights ; genocide tracking ; human rights violation ; geopolitics ; population mapping ; Landsat ; deep learning ; multi-temporal ; ResNet-N ; Google Earth Engine ; China ; SDGs ; remote sensing ecological index ; ecological protection ; principal component analysis ; entropy value method ; spatial autocorrelation ; Wuhan city ; M-RSEQI ; DMSP ; entropy method ; coupling coordination degree model ; remote sensing data ; urbanization ; sustainable development path ; life service resources ; spatial justice ; GIScience ; Beijing ; SDG11 ; geospatial big data ; sustainable development goals ; earth observation ; Guilin ; intra-urban heat island ; space-time ; GIS ; land use and land cover change ; shifting cultivation ; tropical forest gain and loss ; topographic factors ; distance to roads ; logistic regression ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The prevalence of dietary supplement is increased in the world. The primary purpose of dietary supplements is the provide nutrients, such as vitamin and mineral, to maintain health. However, the functional ingredients in food, especially polyphenols, have attracted attention in recent decades, and these ingredients have beneficial effects on human health. On the other hand, a lot of ingredients with poor evidence as to their effects have also been marketed as dietary supplements, and adverse events associated with dietary supplement use have been reported. It is important to choose dietary supplements whose efficacy and safety for our health have been studied.
    Keywords: tinnitus ; antioxidant supplementation ; oxidative stress ; a-lipoic acid ; multi-vitamin supplement ; dietary supplements ; fish protein ; marine protein ; hydroxybutyrate ; TMAO ; biomarkers ; test–retest ; nutritional supplement ; vitamin ; mineral ; herbal ; natural ; botanical ; nutraceutical ; Euglena gracilis EOD-1 ; β-glucan ; paramylon ; fatigue ; selective attention ; antioxidant ; B-vitamins supplement ; vitamin B6 ; ageing ; B-vitamin bioavailability ; ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry ; excretion ; alternative medicine ; public health ; Internet ; asymptomatic hyperuricemia ; DKB114 ; Chrysanthemum indicum Linn ; Cinnamomum cassia ; clinical trial ; uric acid ; isoflavones ; flavonoids ; phytoestrogens ; soy ; bone health ; cardiovascular risk ; cancer ; menopausal symptoms ; sage ; Salvia officinalis ; Salvia lavandulaefolia ; polyphenols ; cognition ; Cosmos caudatus ; cognitive function ; mood ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC4 Cultural studies: food and society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint aims to provide a common forum to share knowledge about the growing threat of geohazards such as landslides, earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, coastal changes, and drought, among many others, due to the expanding size of cities and urban areas, the critical use of agricultural lands, the increased use of infrastructure, and the effects of climate change.A total of thirty-one papers (twenty-eight research papers, one review paper, and one technical note) on different topics like coastal changes, landslides, earthquakes, and others are presented in this reprint. The published works have been carried out in different parts of the world, such as Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Hungary, China, South Korea, India, Malaysia, Algeria, Canada, or Mexico.
    Keywords: debris flow ; berm ; mitigation measure ; volumetric concentration ; gas hydrates ; European margins ; geohazard assessment ; electric tomography ; three-dimensional ; electrodes ; seat control ; foundations ; stabilization methodology ; landslide displacement prediction ; decomposition-ensemble model ; recurrent neural network (RNN) ; ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) ; maximal information coefficient (MIC) ; flood vulnerability ; spatial analysis ; logistic regression ; ROC analysis ; flood detection ; site effects ; spectral ratio ; trans-mexican volcanic belt ; landslide ; safety factor ; Central Spanish Pyrenees ; soft rocks ; stabilization measures ; b value ; stable state ; depth ; Longmenshan fault ; flood risk ; cultural heritage sites ; bathymetric data ; manning’s roughness coefficient ; hydrodynamic modelling ; beach erosion ; storm waves ; recovery process ; video monitoring ; pocket beach ; Middle-Chelif sedimentary basin ; HVSR ; array measurement ; frequency–wavenumber (F–K) method ; landslide-induced wave ; lake-tsunami assessment ; mountain lakes ; landslides ; artificial rainfall ; grain size ; rainfall pattern ; pore water pressure ; generator of earthquakes ; low-to-moderate seismicity ; stochastic ; France ; loess ; dry-wet cycles ; triaxial creep test ; creep behavior ; strain-time ; long-term strength ; forest fires ; Cat model ; climate change ; disaster risk ; machine learning ; R programming language ; extreme droughts ; modeling ; crop yield losses ; crop insurance ; landslide dynamics ; landslide classification ; dynamic models ; depth-averaged model ; GIS ; coastal morpho-sedimentary dynamics ; erosion/accretion patterns ; remote sensing ; beach types ; meteo-ocean effects ; landslide susceptibility ; volume ratio ; reserve increase-rate-analysis method ; Loess Plateau ; landslide risk ; natural phenomena ; Reggio Calabria ; AHP method ; multi-hazard ; earthquake ; wind ; flood ; hazards ; hurricane ; mitigation ; resilience ; risk assessment ; bridge ; building ; wind turbine ; control system ; Middle-Chelif Basin ; ambient vibrations ; array techniques ; Vs30 ; site classification ; liquefaction ; electron bursts ; NOAA satellite ; East Pacific earthquakes ; conditional probability ; risk reduction ; validation ; predictive capability ; tropical climate ; Malaysia ; insurance hazard model ; earthquake clustering ; space–time ETAS model ; Hungarian earthquake catalogue ; 2020 Petrinja earthquake ; multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) ; analytical hierarchy process (AHP) ; receiver operating characteristics ; area under the curve (AUC) ; completely weathered granite ; runoff ; sediment production ; slope erosion ; flow velocity hydrodynamic characteristics ; combination weighting method ; cluster analysis ; optimization ; classification of debris flows ; Longmenshan Town ; dune cliff ; land management ; data analysis ; earth fissure ; microtremor testing ; spectrum analysis ; amplification effect ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructure, one of most famous nanomaterials in past decades, provides extensive and adaptive applications to wide communities include material, physics, daily-use chemical industry and medical societies. Controlled synthesis, advancing characterization tools, and endless healthcare from materials, drive rapid evolution of understanding and engineering on ZnO nanomaterials. Here, in this reprint, novel research articles and mini reviews are included with the focus on the novel synthesis, applications on the air and liquid purifications by using the photocatalytic merits of ZnO. Additionally, antibacterial performance from the ZnO nanostructures were demonstrated by these original contributions, which directs the new possibility from ZnO towards medical usage.
    Keywords: ZnO nanostructures ; hydrothermal synthesis ; ZnO doping ; photocatalysis ; water purification ; degradation mechanism study ; green synthesis ; ZnO nanoparticles ; antibacterial activity ; anticancer activity ; fruit peels ; water hyacinth ; ZnO nanowires ; piezoelectric nanogenerator ; VING nanogenerator ; energy harvesting ; ZnO nanowire arrays ; bacteria motility ; antibacterial ; particle tracking ; thermoelectric material ; nanostructure approach ; doping approach ; nanoparticle ; zinc oxides ; ZnO cane-like nanostructures ; ZnO grass-like nanostructures ; CO2 physisorption ; artificial photosynthesis ; thermal oxidation ; carbon dioxide ; mitochondria ; apoptosis ; zinc oxide ; nanoparticles ; electromagnetic absorbers ; metamaterial absorbers ; SiO2 ; Al2O3 ; TiO2 ; ZnO ; microwave absorbers ; plasmonic metamaterial absorbers ; absorption spectrum ; FDTD ; nonlinear grain boundary length ; nanorobot-based three-dimensional characterization ; structure reconstruction ; bulk ZnO ; SEM ; zinc oxide nanoparticles ; photocatalytic ; methylene blue ; Pyrus pyrifolia ; dielectric ; 2D ZnO ; surfactant-assisted ion-layer epitaxy ; growth mechanism ; controlled synthesis ; nano-structure ; dewetting ; antibiotics ; photodegradation ; ZnO-based nanoparticles ; mechanisms ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The main difficulty of radiotherapy is to destroy cancer cells without depletion of healthy tissue. Stem cells and cancers are tightly interrelated. On one hand, radiosensitivity/radioressistance of cancer stem cells affects the radiocurability of tumors. On the other hand, radiosensitivity is responsible for the stem cell depletion of organs at risk exposed to irradiation. Efficient solide cancer destruction is limited by the preservation of organ homeostasis. For this reason, targeted irradiation is an effective cancer therapy, but damage inflicted to normal tissues surrounding the tumor may cause severe complications. The consequences of stem cell depletion of healthy tissue irradiated are acute and chronic radiation diseases. Research on the radiosensitivity of cancer stem cells and adult stem cells associated with tissue regeneration medicine will bring forth the solution for optimal radiocurability associated with long-term patients’ quality of life.
    Keywords: human epidermis ; keratinocytes ; stem cells ; precursor cells ; low-dose γ irradiation ; regeneration ; dysplasia ; epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) ; ZEB1 ; experimental radiotherapy ; radiobiology ; mesenchymal stem cells ; cell therapy ; exosome ; annexin A1 ; acute respiratory-distress syndrome ; COVID-19 ; local radiation injuries ; conditioned medium ; cell technologies ; X-ray radiation ; skin ; placenta ; Radiation ; stem/progenitor cells ; organoids ; radiation therapy ; radiation cystitis ; fibrosis ; treatment ; stem cells therapy ; macrophages ; mesenchymal stem cell ; radiation damage ; BCSC ; ALDH activity ; fractionated dose of γ radiation ; radioresistance ; ROS ; Nrf2 ; Keap1 ; miR200a ; epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) ; colorectal cancer ; cancer-stem like cells ; SOX2 ; PI3K/AKT ; radiation-induced injury ; radiotherapy ; radiation ; mesenchymal ; stem cell ; extracellular vesicles ; micro vesicles ; paracrine effect ; adipose tissue derived stem cells ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Quantum information and quantum computing are very rapidly developing research directions in recent years. This reprint introduces some of the latest developments in quantum theory, including basic physical theories such as quantum entanglement, and quantum information processing; and applications such as quantum secret key allocation, and several types of quantum algorithms. This reprint is suitable for some researchers or students to read.
    Keywords: maximally entangled state ; positive partial transpose ; moment ; genuine entanglement ; entanglement measure ; complete monogamy ; strong incoherence ; weak coherence ; orthonormal basis ; mutually unbiased basis ; quantum correlation ; nonlocality ; Bell inequality ; quantum network ; quantum computation ; secure delegated computation ; distributed architecture ; incompatibility criterion ; quantum channels ; quantum measurements ; Fisher information ; Belavkin–Staszewski relative entropy ; geometric Rényi relative entropy ; conditional entropy ; mutual information ; classical-quantum setting ; quantum key distribution ; GHZ entangled state ; measurement-device-independent ; multi-user ; system identification ; linear systems of equations ; quantum algorithm ; time complexity ; quantum error-correcting codes ; k-uniform states ; orthogonal array ; orthogonal partition ; self-testing ; symmetric states ; device independent ; quantumness in ensembles ; quantum channel ; quantum Markovianity ; non-commutativity ; quantum correlation swapping ; werner-like state ; measurement-induced disturbance (MID) ; ameliorated MID (AMID) ; rate compatible ; LDPC ; continuous-variable quantum key distribution ; wide range of SNRs regime ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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