ALBERT

Anmerkung: In norwegischer Sprache

Anmerkung: English

Anmerkung: Beiträge teilweise in englischer, teilweise in französischer Sprache

Anmerkung: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2019 , TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract Zusammenfassung Table of contents List of figures List of tables List of abbreviations 1 Introduction 1.1 Scientific background and motivation 1.1.1 Permafrost degradation 1.1.2 Snow cover 1.1.3 Vegetation phenology 1.2 Remote sensing of rapid changes 1.2.1 SAR remote sensing 1.2.2 TerraSar-X 1.3 Data and methods 1.4 Aims and objectives 1.5 Study areas and data 1.6 Thesis structure and author contributions 1.6.1 Chapter 2 – Monitoring inter-and intra-seasonal dynamics of rapidly degrading ice-rich permafrost riverbanks in the Lena Delta with TerraSAR-X time series 1.6.2 Chapter 3 – TerraSAR-X time series fill a gap in spaceborne snowmelt monitoring of small Arctic catchments 1.6.3 Chapter 4 – Estimation of Arctic tundra vegetation phenology with TerraSAR-X 2 Monitoring inter-and intra-seasonal dynamics of rapidly degrading ice-rich permafrost riverbanks in the Lena Delta with TerraSAR-X time series 2.1 Abstract 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Study area 2.4 Data and methods 2.4.1 SAR data and processing 2.4.2 Automated cliff-top line extraction from SAR data 2.4.3 Quantification of cliff-top erosion with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System 2.4.4 Cliff top mapping from optical satellite data 2.4.5 In-situ observations of cliff top erosion 2.4.6 Climate data 2.4.7 Statistical data analysis 2.5 Results 2.5.1 TSX erosion versus in-situ and optical datasets 2.5.2 Inter-and intra-annual cliff-top erosion and climate data 2.5.3 Backscatter time series 2.6 Discussion 2.6.1 Inter-annual dynamics of cliff-top erosion 2.6.2 Intra-annual dynamics of cliff-top erosion 2.6.3 Backscatter dynamics of tundra and cliff surfaces 2.7 Conclusions 2.8 Acknowledgments 3 TerraSAR-X time series fill a gap in spaceborne snowmelt monitoring of small Arctic catchments 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Study area 3.4 Data and methods 3.4.1 SAR satellite data 3.4.2 Optical satellite data 3.4.3 In-situ time-lapse camera data 3.4.4 Snow Cover Extent from TerraSAR-X 3.4.5 Snow Cover Extent from Landsat 8 3.4.6 Accuracy assessment of TerraSAR-X Snow Cover Extent 3.4.7 Fractional Snow Cover time series analysis 3.5 Results 3.5.1 Evaluation of TSX Snow Cover Extent 3.5.2 Time series of Fractional Snow Cover in all catchments 3.5.3 Time series of Fractional SnowCover in small catchments 3.6 Discussion 3.6.1 Spatiotemporal monitoring of snowmelt dynamics using TSX 3.6.2 Technical considerations for using TSX for wet snow detection 3.7 Conclusions 3.8 Acknowledgements 3.9 Appendix 4 Relationships between X-Band SAR and vegetation phenology in a low Arctic ecosystem 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Study area 4.4 Data and methods 4.4.1 In-situ time-lapse phenological cameras 4.4.2 Time-lapse image analysis 4.4.3 SAR satellite data 4.4.4 Backscatter and coherence time series 4.4.5 In-situ vegetation and climate data 4.5 Results 4.5.1 Phenocams 4.5.2 Backscatter dynamics 4.5.3 Coherence dynamics 4.6 Climate data 4.7 Backscatter and vegetation height 4.8 Discussion 4.9 Conclusion 4.10 Acknowledgments 5 Synthesis 5.1 Rapid permafrost disturbance 5.2 Snowmelt dynamics 5.3 Arctic tundra vegetation phenology 5.4 Seasonality and complementarity of TSX 5.5 Limitations and technical considerations 5.6 Key findings and outlook References Acknowledgements

Anmerkung: Chinese and English.

Anmerkung: Contents: Preface. - Chapter 1: Overview of modern and Quaternary vegetation in China. - 1.1 Northwest region / Tang Lingyu and Shen Caiming. - 1.1.1 Overview of modern vegetation. - 1.1.1.1 Gobi desert and desert vegetation in eastern Xinjiang. - 1.1.1.2 Extremely arid desert and shrubland vegetation in the Qaidam Basin. - 1.1.1.3 Arid desert shrub and semi-shrub vegetation in the Hexi Corridor. - 1.1.1.4 Sylvosteppe or pine-oak forest in the transitional region between semi-humid and semi-arid monsoonal climate of temperate zone in the Loess Plateau. - 1.1.2 Overview of Quaternary vegetation. - 1.1.2.1 Vegetation and environment since the early Pleistocene in Qinghai. - 1.1.2.2 Holocene vegetation succession of steppe/meadow in north Xizang (Tibet). - 1.1.2.3 Vegetation and environment since the late Pleistocene in the Loess Plateau. - 1.1.2.4 Vegetation and environment since the early Pleistocene in Xinjiang. - 1.2 Northern region / Tang Lingyu and Li Chunhai. - 1.2.1 Overview of modern vegetation. - 1.2.1.1 Coniferous and broadleaved forest and meadow of temperate zone in Northeast China. - 1.2.1.2 Oak forest of river valley, Chinese pine forest, and shrub steppe in the lower valley of Liaohe River, North China plain, southern Shanxi, and central Shaanxi plain. - 1.2.2 Overview of Quaternary vegetation. - 1.2.2.1 Vegetation and environment since the early Pleistocene in North China. - 1.2.2.2 Vegetation and environment since the early Pleistocene in Northeast China. - 1.3 Southeast region / Shu Junwu and Tang Lingyu. - 1.3.1 Overview of modern vegetation. - 1.3.2 Overview of Quaternary vegetation. - 1.3.2.1 Vegetation succession since the mid-Pleistocene in Hubei. - 1.3.2.2 Vegetation and environment since the late Pleistocene in the lower valley of the Yangtze River. - 1.3 .2.3 Forest succession since the last glaciation in southeast coast of Fujian. - 1.3.2.4 Vegetation and environment since the late Pleistocene in the central Taiwan. - 1.4 South region / Mao Limi, Tang Lingyu and Shen Cairning. - 1.4.1 Overview of modern vegetation. - 1.4.1.1 Vegetation in the southern zone of middle subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest. - 1.4.1.2 Vegetation in the zone of south subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest. - 1.4.1.3 Tropical semi-evergreen monsoonal forest and tropical monsoonal forest. - 1.4.2 Overview of Quaternary vegetation. - 1.4.2.1 Vegetation in the Zhujiang delta and Chaozhou plain since the Pleistocene recorded by pollen and spores. - 1.4.2.2 Vegetation and climate since the late Pleistocene in Leizhou Peninsula and Holocene vegetation and climate in Hainan Island. - 1.4.2.3 Late Quaternary pollen and spores, vegetation and climate records in the South. - 1.4.2.4 Vegetation and climate since the late Pleistocene in Hong Kong. - 1.5 Southwest region / Shu Junwu, Tang Lingyu and Shen Caiming. - 1.5.1 Overview of modern vegetation. - 1.5.1.1 Vegetation of evergreen broadleaved forest in the Yunnan , Guizhou and western Sichuan Plateau. - 1.5.1.2 Vegetation of coniferous forest in southeast Xizang. - 1.5.2 Overview of Quaternary vegetation. - 1.5.2.1 Holocene vegetation in northwest Yunnan. - 1.5.2.2 Vegetation and monsoonal climate history since the late Pleistocene in western and south-central Yunnan. - 1.5.2.3 Holocene vegetation in western Sichuan. - 1.5.2.4 Vegetation and environment since the late Pleistocene in Guizhou. - 1.5.2.5 Vegetation and monsoonal climate history since the late Pleistocene in southeastern Xizang. - Chapter 2 Main types of Quaternary pollen and spores and their characteristics in different regions of China. - 2.1 Northwest region / Tang Lingyu and Mao Limi. - 2.1.1 Types of Quaternary pollen and spores in Northwest China. - 2.1.2 Identifiable features of major Quaternary pollen and spores in Northwest China. - 2.1.2.1 Identifiable features of main Compositae pollen types. - 2.1.2.2 Identifiable features of Artemisia, Tamarix, and Zygophyllum pollen. - 2.1.2.3 Identifiable features of Rhamnus, Hippophae, and Elaeagnus pollen. - 2.1.3 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary spores and pollen in Northwest China. - 2.1.3.1 Photomicrographs for major Quaternary pollen types in Northwest China. - 2.1.3.2 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen types in Northwest China. - 2.2 Northern region / Tang Lingyu. - 2.2.1 Types of Quaternary pollen and spores in Northern China. - 2.2.2 Identifiable features of major Quaternary pollen and spores in Northern China. - 2.2.2.1 Identification keys of pollen morphology for several saccate genera of Pinaceae. - 2.2.2.2 Identifiable features of pollen morphology for genera of Betulaceae. - 2.2.2.3 Identifiable features of tricolpate pollen from Salix and Cruciferae. - 2.2.2.4 Identifiable features of tricolpate pollen from Ranunculaceae and Labiatae. - 2.2.3 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary spores and pollen in Northern China. - 2.2.3.1 Photomicrographs for major Quaternary pollen types in Northern China. - 2.2.3.2 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen types in Northern China. - 2.3 Southeast region / Tang Lingyu and Shu Junwu. - 2.3.1 Types of Quaternary pollen and spores in Southeast China. - 2.3.2 Identifiable features of major Quaternary pollen and spores in Southeast China. - 2.3.2.1 Identifiable features of pollen morphology for Fagaceae. - 2.3.2.2 Identification keys of pollen morphology for several genera of Fagaceae. - 2.3.2.3 Identifiable features of pollen morphology for several genera of Fagaceae. - 2.3.2.4 Identifiable features of pollen morphology for several genera of tropical and subtropical. - 2.3.3 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen and spores in Southeast China. - 2.3.3.1 Photomicrographs for major Quaternary pollen types in Southeast China. - 2.3.3.2 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen types in Southeast China. - 2.4 South region / Mao Limi and Tang Lingyu. - 2.4.1 Types of Quaternary pollen and spores in South China. - 2.4.2 Identifiable features of main Quaternary pollen and spores in South China. - 2.4.2.1 Modern distribution and paleophytogeography of Sonneratia and its identifiable features of pollen morphology. - 2.4.2.2 Modern distribution and paleoecology significance of Rhizophoraceae and its identifiable features of pollen morphology. - 2.4.3 Photomicrographs and descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen and spores in South China. - 2.4.3.1 Photomicrographs for major Quaternary pollen and spores in South China. - 2.4.3.2 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen and spores in South China. - 2.5 Southwest region / Tang Lingyu and Shu Junwu. - 2.5.1 Types of Quaternary pollen and spores in Southwest China. - 2.5.2 Identifiable feature of main Quaternary pollen and spores in Southwest China. - 2.5.2.1 Plant distribution and pollen features of Pinaceae in Southwest China. - 2.5.2.2 Identification keys of pollen morphology for Pinaceae. - 2.5.3 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen and spores in Southwest China. - 2.5.3.1 Photomicrographs for common pollen in Southwest China. - 2.5.3.2 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen and spores in Southwest China. - Chapter 3 Plates and descriptions of Quaternary pollen and spores in different region of China. - 3.1 Northwest region / Tang Lingyu and Mao Limi. - Spores of the pteridophyte Plates 1-3. - Gymnosperm pollen Plates 3-10. - Angiosperm pollen Plates 11-63. - 3.2 Northern region / Tang Lingyu and Li Chunhai. - Spores of the algae Plates 1-3. - Spores of the bryophyte Plate 4. - Spores of the pteridophyte Plates 5-9. - Gymnosperm pollen Plates 9-24. - Angiosperm pollen Plates 25-63. - 3.3 Southeast region / Tang Lingyu, Zhou Zhongze and

Anmerkung: Introduction / Sandra RendgenHow I strive to understand what it is like not to understand / Richard Saul Wurman -- How data changed journalism / Simon Rogers -- Turning visualisations into stories and "big pictures" / Paolo Ciurrarelli -- Projects. Location ; Time ; Category ; Hierarchy..