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  • Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie  (50)
  • Oxford : Oxford University Press
  • English  (82)
  • Chinese
  • 2020-2022  (10)
  • 2015-2019  (72)
  • 1945-1949
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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Call number: M 16.89793
    Description / Table of Contents: Plate tectonics caused a revolution in our understanding of the Earth. It has aided our understanding of why earthquakes and volcanoes are found in distinct locations, how oceans form and disappear, and how mountain ranges were built. In this volume, Peter Molnar explores the history and significance of plate tectonics
    Description / Table of Contents: Plate tectonics caused a revolution in our understanding of the Earth. It has aided our understanding of why earthquakes and volcanoes are found in distinct locations, how oceans form and disappear, and how mountain ranges were built. In this volume, Peter Molnar explores the history and significance of plate tectonics. --
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xvii, 136 p , Ill., maps , 18 cm
    Edition: 1st ed
    ISBN: 9780198728269 , 0198728263
    Series Statement: Very short introductions 425
    Language: English
    Note: 1. The basic idea -- 2. Seafloor spreading and magnetic anomalies -- 3. Fracture zones and transform faults -- 4. Subduction of oceanic lithosphere -- 5. Rigid plates of lithosphere -- 6. Tectonics of continents -- 7. From whence to whither?
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Call number: IASS 17.90838
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xxiii, 821 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: First edition
    ISBN: 9780199684601
    Language: English
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 3
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Call number: PIK D 024-16-90309 ; IASS 17.90309
    Description / Table of Contents: "Climate change is a pressing international political issue, for which a practical but principled solution is urgently required. Climate Justice in a Non-Ideal World aims to make normative theorising on climate justice more relevant and applicable to political realities and public policy. The motivation behind this edited collection is that normative theorising has something to offer even in an imperfect world mired by partial compliance and unfavourable circumstances. In the last years, a lively debate has sprung up in political philosophy about non-ideal theory and there has also been an upsurge of interest in the various normative issues raised by climate change such as intergenerational justice, transnational harm, collective action, or risk assessment. However, there has been little systematic discussion of the links between climate justice and non-ideal theory even though the former would seem like a paradigm example of the relevance of the latter. The aim of this edited volume is to address this. In doing so, the volume presents original work from leading experts on climate ethics, including several who have participated in climate policy. The first part of the book discusses those facets of the debate on climate justice that become relevant due to the shortcomings of current global action on climate change. The second part makes specific suggestions for adjusting current policies and negotiating procedures in ways that are feasible in the relatively short term while still decreasing the distance between current climate policy and the ideal. The chapters in the third and final part reflect upon how philosophical work can be brought to bear on the debates in climate science, communication, and politics."--
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xvii, 323 Seiten , 24 cm
    Edition: 1. edition
    ISBN: 9780198744047
    Language: English
    Note: Climate change and non-ideal theory : six ways of responding to non-compliance / Simon Caney -- A climate of disorder : what to do about the obstacles to effective climate politics / Aaron Maltais -- Difference-making and individuals' climate-related obligations / Holly Lawford-Smith -- Reducing injustice within the bounds of motivation / Dominic Roser -- Taking UNFCCC norms seriously / Darrel Moellendorf -- Justice and choice of legal instrument under the Durban mandate : ideal and not so ideal legal forms / Peter Lawrence -- Emissions trading schemes in a 'non-Ideal' world / Jonathan Aldred -- A responsible path : advancing a full-participation climate regime through enhanced action on short-lived climate pollutants / Andrew Light and Gwynne Taraska -- Climate justice for LDCs through global decisions / Achala Abeysinghe and Saleemul Huq -- A free movement passport for the territorially dispossessed / Clare Heyward and Jorgen Odalen -- Aristotle on the ethics of communicating climate change / Melissa Lane and Michael Lamb -- Moral language in climate politics / Jonathan Pickering -- The costs of moralizing : how about a 'government house climate ethics'? / Christian Seidel -- Principles or pathways? Improving the contribution of philosophical ethics to climate policy / Martin Kowarsch and Ottmar Edenhofer..
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 4
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Call number: IASS 16.90080
    Description / Table of Contents: Exploring the politics of inclusive development : towards a new conceptual approach / Sam Hickey, Kunal Sen, and Badru Bukenya -- The political determinants of economic growth : an analytical review / Kunal Sen -- The politics of what works for the poor in public expenditure and taxation / Paul Mosley -- Governing natural resources for inclusive development / Anthony Bebbington -- The politics of what works in service delivery / Claire Mcloughlin -- Political factors in the growth of social assistance / Armando Barrientos and Sony Pellissery -- The politics and process of rule of law systems in developmental states / Deval Desai and Michael Woolcock -- The gendered politics of securing inclusive development / Sohela Nazneen and Simeen Mahmud -- Ethnicity, state capacity, and development : reconsidering causal connections / Prerna Singh and Matthias vom Hau -- The politics of aid revisited : a review of evidence on state capacity and elite commitment / Arjan de Haan and Ward Warmerdam -- China in Africa : impacts and prospects for accountable development / Giles Mohan
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XX, 396 S. , graph. Darst.
    Edition: 1. ed.
    ISBN: 9780198722564 (hbk.)
    Language: English
    Note: Exploring the politics of inclusive development : towards a new conceptual approach / Sam Hickey, Kunal Sen, and Badru BukenyaThe political determinants of economic growth : an analytical review / Kunal Sen -- The politics of what works for the poor in public expenditure and taxation / Paul Mosley -- Governing natural resources for inclusive development / Anthony Bebbington -- The politics of what works in service delivery / Claire Mcloughlin -- Political factors in the growth of social assistance / Armando Barrientos and Sony Pellissery -- The politics and process of rule of law systems in developmental states / Deval Desai and Michael Woolcock -- The gendered politics of securing inclusive development / Sohela Nazneen and Simeen Mahmud -- Ethnicity, state capacity, and development : reconsidering causal connections / Prerna Singh and Matthias vom Hau -- The politics of aid revisited : a review of evidence on state capacity and elite commitment / Arjan de Haan and Ward Warmerdam -- China in Africa : impacts and prospects for accountable development / Giles Mohan..
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 5
    Call number: AWI G1-17-90601
    Description / Table of Contents: This innovative study presents concepts and problems in soil physics, and provides solutions using original computer programs. It provides a close examination of physical environments of soil, including an analysis of the movement of heat, water and gases. The authors employ the programming language Python, which is now widely used for numerical problem solving in the sciences. In contrast to the majority of the literature on soil physics, this text focuses on solving, not deriving, differential equations for transport. Using numerical procedures to solve differential equations allows the solution of quite difficult problems with fairly simple mathematical tools. Numerical methods convert differential into algebraic equations, which can be solved using conventional methods of linear algebra. Each chapter introduces a soil physics concept, and proceeds to develop computer programs to solve the equations and illustrate the points made in the discussion. Problems at the end of each chapter help the reader practise using the concepts introduced. The text is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduates and researchers of soil physics. It employs an open source philosophy where computer code is presented, explained and discussed, and provides the reader with a full understanding of the solutions. Once mastered, the code can be adapted and expanded for the user's own models, fostering further developments. The Python tools provide a simple syntax, Object Oriented Programming techniques, powerful mathematical and numerical tools, and a user friendly environment.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: X, 449 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Edition: First edition
    ISBN: 0199683093 , 9780199683093
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: 1 Introduction. - 2 Basic Physical Properties of Soil. - 2.1 Geometry of the Soil Matrix. - 2.2 Soil Structure. - 2.3 Fractal Geometry. - 2.4 Geometry of the Pore Space. - 2.5 Specific Surface Area. - 2.6 Averaging. - 2.7 Bulk Density, Water Content and Porosity. - 2.8 Relationships between Variables. - 2.9 Typical Values of Physical Properties. - 2.10 Volumes and Volumetric Fractions for a Soil Prism. - 2.11 Soil Solid Phase. - 2.12 Soil Texture. - 2.13 Sedimentation Law. - 2.14 Exercises. - 3 Soil Gas Phase and Gas Diffusion. - 3.1 Transport Equations. - 3.2 The Diffiisivity of Gases in Soil. - 3.3 Computing Gas Concentrations. - 3.4 Simulating One-Dimensional Steady-State Oxygen Diffusion in a Soil Profile. - 3.5 Numerical Implementation. - 3.6 Exercises. - 4 Soil Temperature and Heat Flow. - 4.1 Differential Equations for Heat Conduction. - 4.2 Soil Temperature Data. - 4.3 Numerical Solution of the Heat Flow Equation. - 4.4 Soil Thermal Properties. - 4.5 Numerical Implementation. - 4.6 Exercises. - 5 Soil Liquid Phase and Soil-Water Interactions. - 5.1 Properties of Water. - 5.2 Soil Water Potential. - 5.3 Water Potential-Water Content Relations. - 5.4 Liquid- and Vapour-Phase Equilibrium. - 5.5 Exercises. - 6 Steady-State Water Flow and Hydraulic Conductivity. - 6.1 Forces on Water in Porous Media. - 6.2 Water Flow in Saturated Soils. - 6.3 Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity. - 6.4 Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity. - 6.5 Exercises. - 7 Variation in Soil Properties. - 7.1 Frequency Distributions. - 7.2 Probability Density Functions. - 7.3 Transformations. - 7.4 Spatial Correlation. - 7.5 Approaches to Stochastic Modelling. - 7.6 Numerical Implementation. - 7.7 Exercises. - 8 Transient Water Flow. - 8.1 Mass Conservation Equation. - 8.2 Water Flow. - 8.3 Infiltration. - 8.4 Numerical Simulation of Infiltration. - 8.5 Numerical Implementation. - 8.6 Exercises. - 9 Triangulated Irregular Network. - 9.1 Digital Terrain Model. - 9.2 Triangulated Irregular Network. - 9.3 Numerical Implementation. - 9.4 Main. - 9.5 Triangulation. - 9.6 GIS Functions. - 9.7 Boundary. - 9.8 Geometrical Properties of Triangles. - 9.9 Delaunay Triangulation. - 9.10 Refinement. - 9.11 Utilities. - 9.12 Visualization. - 9.13 Exercise. - 10 Water Flow in Three Dimensions. - 10.1 Governing Equations. - 10.2 Numerical Formulation. - 10.3 Coupling Surface and Subsurface Flow. - 10.4 Numerical Implementation. - 10.5 Simulation. - 10.6 Visualization and Results. - 10.7 Exercises. - 11 Evaporation. - 11.1 General Concepts. - 11.2 Simultaneous Transport of Liquid and Vapour in Isothermal Soil. - 11.3 Modelling evaporation. - 11.4 Numerical Implementation. - 11.5 Exercises. - 12 Modelling Coupled Transport. - 12.1 Transport Equations. - 12.2 Partial Differential Equations. - 12.3 Surface Boundary Conditions. - 12.4 Numerical Implementation. - 12.5 Exercises. - 13 Solute Transport in Soils. - 13.1 Mass Flow. - 13.2 Diffusion. - 13.3 Hydrodynamic Dispersion. - 13.4 Advection-Dispersion Equation. - 13.5 Solute-Soil Interaction. - 13.6 Sources and Sinks of Solutes. - 13.7 Analytical Solutions. - 13.8 Numerical Solution. - 13.9 Numerical Implementation. - 13.10 Exercises. - 14 Transpiration and Plant-Water Relations. - 14.1 Soil Water Content and Soil Water Potential under a Vegetated Surface. - 14.2 General Features of Water Flow in the SPAC. - 14.3 Resistances to Water Flow within the Plant. - 14.4 Effect of Environment on Plant Resistance. - 14.5 Detailed Consideration of Soil and Root Resistances. - 14.6 Numerical Implementation. - 14.7 Exercises. - 15 Atmospheric Boundary Conditions. - 15.1 Radiation Balance at the Exchange Surface. - 15.2 Boundary-Layer Conductance for Heat and Water Vapour. - 15.3 Evapotranspiration and the Penman-Monteith Equation. - 15.4 Partitioning of Evapotranspiration. - 15.5 Exercise. - Appendix A: Basic Concepts and Examples of Python Programming. - A.1 Basic Python. - A.2 Basic Concepts of Computer Programming. - A.3 Data Representation: Variables. - A.4 Comments Rules and Indendation. - A.5 Arithmetic Expression. - A.6 Functions. - A.7 Flow Control. - A.8 File Input and Output. - A.9 Arrays. - A.10 Reading Date Time. - A.11 Object-Oriented Programming in Python. - A.12 Output and Visualization. - A.13 Exercises. - Appendix B: Computational Tools. - B.1 Numerical Differentiation. - B.2 Numerical Integration. - B.3 Linear Algebra. - B.4 Exercises. - List of Symbols. - List of Python Variables. - List of Python Projects. - References. - Index.
    Location: AWI Reading room
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 6
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Call number: IASS 16.90594
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: ix, 204 Seiten , Karten
    ISBN: 9780198747338
    Series Statement: SIPRI research report No. 25
    Language: English
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 7
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Call number: PIK N 071-19-92127
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xvi, 260 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Edition: First edition
    ISBN: 9780198813248
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: : 1: Climate Justice: Integrating Economics and Philosophy, Ravi Kanbur and Henry Shue ; 2: Poor People on the Front Line: The Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty in 2030, Julie Rozenberg and Stephane Hallegatte ; 3: Governing the Commons to Promote Global Justice: Climate Change Mitigation and Rent Taxation, Michael Jakob, Ottmar Edenhofer, Ulrike Kornek, Dominic Lenzi, and Jan Minx. ; 4: Equity Implications of the COP21 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Adam Rose, Dan Wei, and Antonio Bento ; 5: Climate Change and Inequity: How to Think about Inequities in Different Dimensions, Nicole Hassoun and Anders Herlitz ; 6: Climate Change and Economic Self-Interest, Julie Nelson ; 7: Noncompliers' Duties, Anja Karnein ; 8: Divest-Invest: A Moral Case for Fossil Fuel Divestment, Alex Lenferna ; 9: Justice and Posterity, Simon Caney ; 10: Discounting and the Paradox of the Indefinitely Postponed Splurge, Matthew Rendall ; 11: The Controllability Precautionary Principle: Justification of a Climate Policy Goal under Uncertainty, Eugen Pissarskoi ; 12: The Social Cost of Carbon from Theory to Trump, Paul Kelleher ; 13: Long-term Climate Justice, John Nolt ; Appendix: Declaration on Climate Justice
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 8
    Call number: PIK N 630-18-91681
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xxii, 231 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Edition: First edition
    ISBN: 9780198757368 , 9780198757375
    Uniform Title: Diversité fonctionnelle des plantes
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: 1: A functional approach to biological diversity ; 2: Trait-based ecology: definitions, methods, and a conceptual framework ; 3: The functional characterisation of plants ; 4: Gradients, response traits, and ecological strategies ; 5: A functional approach to plant community structure ; 6: Plant traits and ecosystem properties ; 7: Functional diversity and ecosystem services ; 8: Functional diversity in agriculture: the cases of grasslands and crop weeds ; 9: Managing functional diversity data ; 10: Perspectives for functional diversity research
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
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  • 9
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Call number: IASS 18.91713
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xxi, 410 Seiten
    Edition: First published in paperback
    ISBN: 9780198803065 , 0198803060 , 9780198724506 , 0198724500
    Language: English
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 10
    Call number: IASS 19.92042
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume defines, illustrates, and challenges the field on environmental political theory. Through a broad range of approaches, it shows how scholars have used concepts, methods, and arguments from political theory and closely related disciplines to address contemporary environmental problems.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xvii, 662 Seiten , Diagramm
    Edition: First edition
    ISBN: 9780199685271
    Series Statement: Oxford handbooks
    Language: English
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 11
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Call number: IASS 19.92583
    Description / Table of Contents: Origins -- Earth system -- Geologic time -- The great acceleration -- Anthropos -- Oikos -- Politikos -- Prometheus
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xxii, 183 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    Edition: First edition
    ISBN: 0198792980 , 9780198792987
    Series Statement: Very short introductions 558
    Language: English
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 12
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Call number: PIK B 100-21-94537
    Keywords: Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung ; Volksvermögen
    Description / Table of Contents: Why are some nations wealthy and others poor? How did the wealthy nations become rich? What are the components of wealth? How should nations manage their wealth for the future? These are among the most important questions in economics. They are also impossible to answer without defining wealth, and understanding how it can be created, destroyed, stored, and managed. National Wealth: What is Missing, Why it Matters assembles a collection of high-quality contributions to define the key concepts and address the economic and policy issues around national wealth. It considers insights from economic history, addresses the impacts of the changes to national accounting, and teases out the policy implications for both rich and poor countries and the institutions within them. Using expert analysis and theoretically grounded empirical work, this book evaluates the progress that has been made in measuring national wealth, as well as the recent developments in theory and practice which show that the change in real wealth is an essential indicator of economic progress and future well-being. Measuring the change in real wealth answers the fundamental question: How much does the stream of future well-being of the population rise or fall as a result of policy actions today? Organized into four parts, National Wealth defines the key political and economic concepts of wealth. examines the history of wealth creation and destruction, and provides a detailed analysis of the individual components of wealth before finally examining the lessons for managing wealth for sustainable national prosperity.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xxiv, 468 Seiten , Illustrationen , 24 cm
    Edition: First edition
    ISBN: 9780198803720
    Language: English
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
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  • 13
    Call number: 9780191079993 (e-book)
    Type of Medium: 12
    Pages: 1 online resource (254 pages)
    Edition: First edition
    ISBN: 9780191079993 (e-book)
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Acknowledgments 1 Introduction to environmental DNA (eDNA) 1.1 Definitions 1.2 A brief history of eDNA analysis 1.3 Constraints when working with eDNA 1.4 Workflow in eDNA studies and main methods used 1.5 Environmental DNA as a monitoring tool 2 DNA metabarcode choice and design 2.1 Which DNA metabarcode? 2.2 Properties of the ideal DNA metabarcode 2.3 In silica primer design and testing 2.3.1 Prerequisites 2.3.2 Reference sequences: description, filtering, and formatting for ecoPrimers 2.3.3 In silica primer design with ecoPrimers 2.3.3.1 'Ihe ecoPrimers output 2.3.4 In silica primer testing with ecoPCR 2.3.4.1 The ecoPCR output 2.3.4.2 Filtering of the ecoPCR output 2.3.4.3 Evaluation of primer conservation 2.3.4.4 Taxonomic resolution and Bs index 2.4 Examples of primer pairs available for DNA metabarcoding 3 Reference databases 3.1 Extracting reference databases from EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ 3.1.1 Downloading a local copy of EMBL 3.1.2 Identifying sequences corresponding to the relevant metabarcode 3.2 Marker-specific reference databases 3.2.1 Nuclear rRNA gene reference databases 3.2.2 Eukaryote-specific databases 3.3 Building a local reference database 3.3.1 PCR-based local reference database 3.3.2 Shotgun-based local reference database 3.4 Current challenges and future directions 4 Sampling 4.1 The cycle of eDNA in the environment 4.1.1 State and origin 4.1.2 Fate 4.1.3 Transport 4.2 Sampling design 4.2.1 Focusing on the appropriate DNA population 4.2.2 Defining the sampling strategy 4.3 Sample preservation 5 DNA extraction 5.1 From soil samples 5.2 From sediment 5.3 From litter 5.4 From fecal samples 5.5 From water samples 6 DNA amplification and multiplexing 6.1 Principle of the PCR 6.2 Which polymerase to choose? 6.3 The standard PCR reaction 6.4 The importance of including appropriate controls 6.4.1 Extraction negative controls 6.4.2 PCR negative controls 6.4.3 PCR positive controls 6.4.4 Tagging system controls 6.4.5 Internal controls 6.5 PCR optimization 6.6 How to limit the risk of contamination? 6.7 Blocking oligonucleotides for reducing the amplification of undesirable sequences 6.8 How many PCR replicates? 6.9 Multiplexing several metabarcodes within the same PCR 6.10 Multiplexing many samples on the same sequencing lane 6.10.1 Overview of the problem 6.10.2 Strategy 1: single-step PCR with Illumina adapters 6.10.3 Strategy 2: two-step PCR with Illumina adapters 6.10.4 Strategy 3: single-step PCR with tagged primers 7 DNA sequencing 7.1 Overview of the first, second, and third generations of sequencing technologies 7.2 The Illumina technology 7.2.1 Library preparation 7.2.2 Flow cell, bridge PCR, and clusters 7.2.3 Sequencing by synthesis 7.2.4 Quality scores of the sequence reads 8 DNA metabarcoding data analysis 8.1 Basic sequence handling and curation 8.1.1 Sequencing quality 8.1.1.1 The pros and cons of read quality-based filtering 8.1.1.2 Quality trimming software 8.1.2 Paired-end read pairing 8.1.3 Sequence demultiplexing 8.1.4 Sequence dereplication 8.1.5 Rough sequence curation 8.2 Sequence classification 8.2.1 Taxonomic classification 8.2.2 Unsupervised classification 8.2.3 Chimera identification 8.3 Taking advantages of experimental controls 8.3.1 Filtering out potential contaminants 8.3.2 Removing dysfunctional PCRs 8.4 General considerations on ecological analyses 8.4.1 Sampling effort and representativeness 8.4.1.1 Evaluating representativeness of the sequencing per PCR 8.4.1.2 Evaluating representativeness at the sampling unit or site level 8.4.2 Handling samples with varying sequencing depth 8.4.3 Going further and adapting the ecological models to metabarcoding 9 Single-species detection 9.1 Principle of the quantitative PCR (qPCR) 9.1.1 Recording amplicon accumulation in real time via fluorescence measurement 9.1.2 The typical amplification curve 9.1.3 Quantification of target sequences with the Ct method 9.2 Design and testing of qPCR barcodes targeting a single species 9.2.1 1he problem of specificity 9.2.2 qPCR primers and probe 9.2.3 Candidate qPCR barcodes 9.3 Additional experimental considerations 9.3.1 General issues associated with sampling, extraction, and PCR amplification 9.3.2 The particular concerns of contamination and inhibition 10 Environmental DNA for functional diversity 10.1 Functional diversity from DNA metabarcoding 10.1.1 Functional inferences 10.1.2 Targeting active populations 10.2 Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics: sequencing more than a barcode 10.2.1 General sampling constraints 10.2.1.1 Optimization of the number of samples 10.2.1.2 Enrichment in target organisms 10.2.1.3 Enrichment in functional information 10.2.2 General molecular constraints 10.2.3 From sequences to functions 10.2.3.1 Assembling (or not) a metagenome 10.2.3.2 Sorting contigs or reads in broad categories 10.2.3.3 Extracting functional information via taxonomic inferences 10.2.3.4 Functional annotation of metagenomes 11 Some early landmark studies 11.1 Emergence of the concept of eDNA and first results on microorganisms 11.2 Examining metagenomes to explore the functional information carried by eDNA 11.3 Extension to macroorganisms 12 Freshwater ecosystems 12.1 Production, persistence, transport, and delectability of eDNA in freshwater ecosystems 12.1.1 Production 12.1.2 Persistence 12.1.3 Transport/ diffusion distance 12.1.4 Detectability 12.2 Macroinvertebrates 12.3 Diatoms and microeukaryotes 12.4 Aquatic plants 12.5 Fish, amphibians, and other vertebrates 12.5.1 Species detection 12.5.2 Biomass estimates 12.6 Are rivers conveyer belts of biodiversity information? 13 Marine environments 13.1 Environmental DNA cycle and transport in marine ecosystems 13.2 Marine microbial diversity 13.3 Environmental DNA for marine macroorganisms 14 Terrestrial ecosystems 14.1 Delectability, persistence, and mobility of eDNA in soil 14.2 Plant community characterization 14.3 Earthworm community characterization 14.4 Bacterial community or metagenome characterization 14.5 Multitaxa diversity surveys 1 5 Paleoenvironments 15.1 Lake sediments 15.1.1 Pollen, macrofossils, and DNA metabarcoding 15.1.2 Plants and mammals from Lake Anteme 15.1.3 Viability in the ice-free corridor in North America 15.2 Permafrost 15.2.1 Overview of the emergence of permafrost as a source of eDNA 15.2.2 Large-scale analysis of permafrost samples for reconstructing past plant communities 15.3 Archaeological midden material 15.3.1 Bulk archaeological fish bones from Madagascar 15.3.2 Midden from Greenland to assess past human diet 16 Host-associated microbiota 16.1 DNA dynamics 16.2 Early molecular-based works 16.3 Post-holobiont works 17 Diet analysis 17.1 Some seminal diet studies 17.1.1 Proof of concept-analyzing herbivore diet using next-generation sequencing 17.1.2 Assessing the efficiency of conservation actions in Bialowieza forest 17.1.3 Characterizing carnivore diet, or how to disentangle predator and prey eDNA 17.1.4 Analyzing an omnivorous diet, or integrating several diets in a single one 17.2 Methodological and experimental specificities of eDNA diet analyses 17.2.1 eDNAsources 17.2.1.1 Feces 17.2.1.2 Gut content 17.2.1.3 Whole body 17.2.2 Quantitative aspects 17.2.2.1 Relationship between the amount of ingested food and DNA quantity in the sample 17.2.2.2 Quantifying DNA with PCR and next-generation sequencing 17.2.2.3 Empirical correction of abundances 17.2.3 Diet as a sample of the existing biodiversity 17.2.4 Problematic diets 18 Analysis of bulk samples 18.1 What is a bulk sample? 18.2 Case studies 18.2.1 Bulk insect samples for biodiversity monitoring 18.2.2 Nematode diversity in tropical rainforest 18.2.3 Marine metawan diversity in benthic ecosystems 18.3 Metabarcoding markers for bulk samples 18.4 Alternative strategies 19 The future of eDNA metabarcoding 19.1 PCR-based approaches 19.1.1 Singl
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  • 14
    Call number: 9780191091926 (e-book)
    Type of Medium: 12
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 231 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Edition: Second edition
    ISBN: 978-0-19-109192-6 , 9780191091926 (e-book)
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Preface Introduction to the second edition What this book is about How the book is organized Why R? Updates Acknowledgements Chapter 1: Getting and Getting Acquainted with R 1.1 Getting started 1.2 Getting R 1.3 Getting R Studio 1.4 Let's play 1.5 Usin g R as a giant calculator (the size of your computer) 1.6 Your first script 1.7 Intermezzo remarks 1.8 Important functionality: packages 1.9 Getting help 1.10 A mini-practical - some in-depth play 1.11 Some more top tips and hints for a successful first (and more) R experience Appendix 1a Mini-tutorial solutions Appendix 1b File extensions and operating systems Chapter 2: Getting Your Data into R 2.1 Getting data ready for R 2.2 Getting your data into R 2.3 Checking that your data are your data 2.4 Basic troubleshooting while importing data 2.5 Summing up Appendix Advanced activity: dealing with untidy data Chapter 3: Data Management, Manipulation, and Exploration with dplyr 3.1 Summary statistics for each variable 3.2 dplyr verbs 3.3 Subsetting 3.4 Transforming 3.5 Sorting 3.6 Mini-summary and two top tips 3.7 Calculating summary statistics about groups of your data 3.8 What have you learned ... lots Appendix 3a Comparing classic methods and dplyr Appendix 3b Advanced dplyr Chapter 4: Visualizing Your Data 4.1 The first step in every data analysis — making a picture 4.2 ggplot2: a grammar for graphics 4.3 Box-and-whisker plots 4.4 Distributions: making histograms of numeric variables 4.5 Saving your graphs for presentation, documents, etc. 4.6 Closing remarks Chapter 5: Introducing Statistics in R 5.1 Getting started doing statistics in R 5.2 x2 contingency table analysis 5.3 Two-sample t-test 5.4 Introducing ... linear models 5.5 Simple linear regression 5.6 Analysis of variance: the one-way ANOVA 5.7 Wrapping up Appendix Getting packages not on CRAN Chapter 6: Advancing Your Statistics in R 6.1 Getting started with more advanced statistics 6.2 The two-way ANOVA 6.3 Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) 6.4 Overview: an analysis workflow Chapter 7: Getting Started with Generalized Linear Models 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Counts and rates — Poisson GLMs 7.3 Doing it wrong 7.4 Doing it right — the Poisson GLM 7.5 When a Poisson GLM isn’t good for counts 7.6 Summary, and beyond simple Poisson regression Chapter 8: Pimping Your Plots: Scales and Themes in ggplot2 8.1 What you already know about graphs 8.2 Preparation 8.3 What you may want to customize 8.4 Axis labels, axis limits, and annotation 8.5 Scales 8.6 The theme 8.7 Summing up Chapter 9: Closing Remarks: Final Comments and Encouragement General Appendices Appendix 1 Data Sources Appendix 2 Further Reading Appendix 3 R Markdown Index
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  • 15
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Call number: IASS 16.90506
    Description / Table of Contents: In times of climate change and public debt, a concern for intergenerational justice should lead us to have a closer look at theories of intergenerational justice. It should also press us to provide institutional design proposals to change the decision-making world that surrounds us. This book provides an exhaustive overview of the most important institutional proposals as well as a systematic and theoretical discussion of their respective features and advantages. It focuses on institutional proposals aimed at taking the interests of future generations more seriously, and does so from the perspective of applied political philosophy, being explicit about the underlying normative choices and the latest developments in the social sciences. It provides citizens, activists, firms, charities, public authorities, policy-analysts, students, and academics with the body of knowledge necessary to understand what our institutional options are and what they entail if we are concerned about today's excessive short-termism
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 432 Seiten
    ISBN: 0198746954 , 9780198746959
    Language: English
    Branch Library: RIFS Library
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  • 16
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Call number: IASS 17.91265
    Description / Table of Contents: A critical reflection on ICTs and 'development' -- Understanding the technologies -- The international policy arena: ICTs and Internet governance -- Partnerships in ICT4D: rhetoric and reality -- From regulation to facilitation: the role of ICT and telecommunication regulators in a converging world -- Reflections on the dark side of ICT4D -- ...In the interests of the poorest and most marginalized
    Description / Table of Contents: This book draws on the author's 15 years of practical and conceptual experience of research and practice in delivering development initiatives that effectively use information and communication technologies (ICTs) to empower some of the world's poorest and most marginalized people
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: viii, 226 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 9780198795292
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Call number: PIK N 072-18-91858
    Description / Table of Contents: This textbook, by three experts in the field, provides a comprehensive overview of international climate change law. Climate change is one of the fundamental challenges facing the world today, and is the cause of significant international concern. In response, states have created an international climate regime. The treaties that comprise the regime - the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the 1997 Kyoto Protocol and the 2015 Paris Agreement establish a system of governance to address climate change and its impacts. This book provides a clear analytical guide to the climate regime, as well as other relevant international legal rules. The book begins by locating international climate change law within the broader context of international law and international environmental law. It considers the evolution of the international climate change regime, and the process of law-making that has led to it. It examines the key provisions of the Framework Convention, the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. It analyses the principles and obligations that underpin the climate regime, as well as the elaborate institutional and governance architecture that has been created at successive international conferences to develop commitments and promote transparency and compliance. The final two chapters address the polycentric nature of international climate change law, as well as the intersections of international climate change law with other areas of international regulation. This book is an essential introduction to international climate change law for students, scholars and negotiators.--
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xxxix, 374 Seiten
    Edition: First edition, Impression: 3
    ISBN: 9780199664306 , 9780199664290
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: 1: Introduction ; 2: Climate Change and International Law ; 3: Treaty-Based Lawmaking: Rules, Tools and Techniques ; 4: Evolution of the United Nations Climate Regime ; 5: The Framework Convention on Climate Change ; 6: Kyoto Protocol ; 7: Paris Agreement ; 8: Climate Governance beyond the United Nations Climate Regime ; 9: International Climate Change Law & Other Areas of International Regulation ; 10: Conclusion
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  • 18
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Call number: PIK E 821-19-92908
    Description / Table of Contents: 'Mass Exodus' is the first serious historical and sociological study of Catholic lapsation and disaffiliation. Drawing on a wide range of theological, historical and sociological sources, Bullivant offers a comparative study of secularization across two famously contrasting religious cultures: Britain and the USA.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VIII, 309 Seiten , Diagramme
    Edition: First edition Impression: 6
    ISBN: 9780198837947
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: 1: Looking Foolish ; 2: The Demographics of Disaffiliation ; 3: Why They Say They Leave ; 4: The Night Before ; 5: Gaudium et spes, luctus et angor ; 6: The Morning After ; 7: Unto the Third and Fourth Generations ; Epilogue: Did the Council Fail?
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  • 19
    Call number: IASS 20.95234
    Description / Table of Contents: Deliberative democracy has challenged two widely-accepted nostrums about democratic politics: that people lack the capacities for effective self-government; and that democratic procedures are arbitrary and do not reflect popular will; indeed, that the idea of popular will is itself illusory. On the contrary, deliberative democrats have shown that people are capable of being sophisticated, creative problem solvers, given the right opportunities in the right kinds of democratic institutions. But deliberative empirical research has its own problems. In this text two leading deliberative scholars review decades of that research and reveal three important issues.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: ix, 189 Seiten , Illustrations
    ISBN: 9780199672196
    Language: English
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  • 20
    Call number: PIK M 490-19-92571 ; PIK M 490-19-92571/2
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xiv, 431 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Edition: First edition
    ISBN: 019882193X , 9780198821939
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: 1: Introduction to complex systems ; 2: Probability and random processes ; 3: Scaling ; 4: Networks ; 5: Evolutionary processes ; 6: Statistical mechanics & information theory for complex systems ; 7: The future of the science of complex systems? ; 8: Special functions and approximations
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  • 21
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Call number: PIK B 020-19-92795
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xiii, 571 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme , 25 cm
    Edition: First edition
    ISBN: 9780198804406 , 9780198804390
    URL: Cover
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: Part I: An Introduction to Fortran 90 and Numerical Methods ; 1: Fortran 90: A Simple Programming Language ; 2: Numerical Solution Methods ; Part II: Computational Economics for Beginners ; 3: The Static General Equilibrium Model ; 4: Topics in Finance and Risk Management ; 5: The Life Cycle Model and Intertemporal Choics ; 6: The Overlapping Generations Model ; 7: Extending the OLG Model ; Part III: Advanced Computational Economics ; 8: Introduction to Dynamic Programming ; 9: Dynamic Macro I: Infinite Horizon Models ; 10: Life-Cycle Choices and Risk ; 11: Dynamic Macro II: The Stochastic OLG Model
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  • 22
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Call number: PIK N 401-22-94782
    Description / Table of Contents: The concept of the Earth's atmosphere, biosphere, oceans, soil, and rocks operating as a closely interacting system has rapidly gained ground in science. This new field, involving geographers, geologists, biologists, oceanographers, and atmospheric physicists, is known as Earth system science. This introductory text considers how a world in which humans could evolve was created; how, as a species, we are now reshaping that world; and what a sustainable future for humanity within the Earth system might look like. Drawing on elements of geology, biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics, it also asks whether Earth system science can help guide us onto a sustainable course before we alter the Earth system to the point where we destroy ourselves and our current civilisation.--
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 153 Seiten , Diagramme
    ISBN: 978-0-19-871887-1
    Language: English
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  • 23
    Call number: IASS 20.95233
    Description / Table of Contents: Deliberative democracy has been the main game in contemporary political theory for two decades and has grown enormously in size and importance in political science and many other disciplines, and in political practice. The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy takes stock of deliberative democracy as a research field, as well as exploring and creating links with multiple disciplines and policy practice around the globe. It provides a concise history of deliberative ideals in political thought while also discussing their philosophical origins. It locates deliberation in a political system with different spaces, publics, and venues, including parliament and courts but also governance networks, protests, mini-publics, old and new media, and everyday talk. It documents the intersections of deliberative ideals with contemporary political theory.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xxi, 948 Seiten
    ISBN: 9780198747369 , 9780191809699
    Language: English
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  • 24
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Call number: 18 / M 21.94608
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xi, 780 Seiten , Diagramme , 191 x 254 x 48
    Edition: Second edition
    ISBN: 9780198805090
    URL: Cover
    Language: English
    Location: Reading room
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  • 25
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Call number: PIK B 100-17-91198
    Description / Table of Contents: The financial crisis of 2007 and the following recession present a major challenge to macroeconomic theory. The same holds true for exceptionally low interest rates during the recent years and for the puzzle that super-expansive monetary policies failed to produce high inflation. Approaches that focus on steady states, rational expectations, and individuals planning over infinite horizons, are not suitable for analysing such abnormal situations. 'A Study in Monetary Macroeconomics' refines and improves mainstream approaches to resolve these puzzles and to contribute to a better understanding of monetary and fiscal policies. Using a rich institutional structure that includes features such as credit money, external finance, borrowing constraints, net worth, real estate and commercial banks, this timely study reduces rationality requirements to cope with its complex setting. It starts with a simple baseline model, deriving results from mathematical reasoning and simulations whilst adhering to the method of dynamic general equilibrium (DGE) with optimizing agents and fully specified models. Highly topical, 'A Study in Monetary Macroeconomics' uses a unified theoretical framework to demonstrate that a DGE approach makes it possible to develop clean models that work outside steady states and are appropriate for answering macroeconomic questions of actual interest
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: x, 205 Seiten , Diagramme
    Edition: First edition
    ISBN: 9780198807537
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: 1: Introduction ; 2: Framework ; 3: Traditional topics ; 4: Constrained credit ; 5: Net worth ; 6: Real estate ; 7: Commerical banks ; 8: Methods
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  • 26
    Call number: IASS 17.91113
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I. Introductory chapters -- Introduction: Scientific and political drivers for the Paris Agreement / Andreas Fischlin, Maria Ivanova -- Foundations for the Paris Agreement / Joanna Depledge, Andrew Higham -- Negotiating history of the Paris Agreement / Jane Bulmer, Meinhard Doelle, and Daniel Klein -- Central concepts in the Paris Agreement and how they evolved / Lavanya Rajamani and Emmanuel Guérin -- Legal form of the Paris Agreement and nature of its obligations / Ralph Bodle and Sebastian Oberthür -- Part II. Analysis of the provisions of the agreement -- Contextual provisions (Preamble and Article 1) / María Pía Carazo-- Objective (Article 2.1) / Halldór Thorgeirsson -- Guiding principles and general obligation (Article 2.2 and Article 3) / Lavanya Rajamani -- Mitigation (Article 4) / Harald Winkler -- Conserving and enhancing sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases, including forests (Article 5) / Antonio G M La Viña and Alaya de Leon -- Voluntary cooperation (Article 6) / Andrew Howard -- Adaptation (Article 7) / Irene Suárez Pérez and Angela Churie Kallhauge -- Loss and damage (Article 8) / Linda Siegele -- Climate finance (Article 9) / Jorge Gastelumendi and Inka Gnittke -- Technology development and transfer (Article 10) / Heleen de Conick and Ambuj Sagar -- Capacity-building (Article 11) / Crispin d'Auvergne and Matti Nummelin -- Education, training, public awareness participation and access to information (Article 12) / Jeniffer Hanna Collado -- Transparency (Article 13) / Yamide Dagnet and Kelly Levin -- Global stocktake (Article 14) / Jürgen Friedrich -- Facilitating implementation and promoting compliance (Article 15) / Yamide Dagnet and Eliza Northrop -- Institutional arrangements and final clauses (Articles 16-29) / Christina Voigt -- Part III. Concluding reflections -- Assessment of strengths and weaknesses / Meinhard Doelle -- Implications for public international law : initial considerations / María Pía Carazo -- Epilogue: Making the transition from an international agreement to a new epoch of human prosperity in one generation / Andrew Higham
    Description / Table of Contents: The most important climate agreement in history, the Paris Agreement on Climate Change represents the commitment of the nations of the world to address and curb climate change. Signed in December 2015, it will come into force on the 4th November, and efforts toward fulfilling its ambitious goals are already under way. The Paris Climate Agreement: Commentary and Analysis combines a comprehensive legal appraisal and critique of the new Agreement with a practical and structured commentary to all its Articles. Part I discusses the general context for the Paris Agreement, detailing the scientific, political, and social drivers behind it, providing an overview of the pre-existing regime, and tracking the history of the negotiations. It examines the evolution of key concepts such as common but differentiated responsibilities, and analyses the legal form of the Agreement and the nature of its provisions. Part II comprises individual chapters on each Article of the Agreement, with detailed commentary of the provisions which highlights central aspects from the negotiating history and the legal nature of the obligations. It describes the institutional arrangements and considerations for national implementation, providing practical advice and prospects for future development. Part III reflects on the Paris Agreement as a whole: its strengths and weaknesses, its potential for further development, and its relationship with other areas of public international law and governance. The book is an invaluable resource for academics and practitioners, policy makers, and actors in the private sector and civil society, as they negotiate the implementation of the Agreement in domestic law and policy
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xxxii, 435 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme (teilweise farbig) , 25 cm
    Edition: First edition
    ISBN: 9780198803768 , 9780198789338
    Language: English
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  • 27
    Call number: PIK C 111-18-91861
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xxxiii, 415 Seiten
    Edition: First edition, Impression: 1
    ISBN: 9780198795919 (hbk.)
    Language: English
    Note: Contents: INTRODUCTION ; 1: Ius Constitutionale Commune in América Latina: A Regional Approach to Transformative Constitutionalism ; PART I: FRAMEWORK ; 2: Ius Constitutionale Commune in América Latina: A Conceptual Clarification ; 3: Ius Constitutionale Commune in América Latina: Context, Challenges, and Perspectives ; 4: The Struggle for Rights and the Ius Constitutionale Commune ; 5: A Multidimensional Approach to Equality in the Inter-American Context: Redistribution, Recognition, and Participatory Parity ; 6: Transformative Constitutionalism and the Global South: The View from South Africa ; 7: Preserving the Acquis of Transformative Constitutionalism in Times of Constitutional Crisis: Lessons from the Hungarian Case ; PART II: THE DOMESTIC ELEMENT ; 8: The Mexican Constitution of 1917: An Early Example of Transformative Constitutionalism ; 9: The Amparo as an Instrument of Ius Constitutionale Commune ; 10: The Presidential System in Latin America: A Hallmark and Challenge to a Latin American Ius Constitutionale Commune ; 11: The Roberto Gargarella ; 12: The Block of Constitutionality as the Doctrinal Pivot of a Ius Commune ; 13: Inter-Americanization: Its Legal Bases and Political Impact ; PART III: THE INTER-AMERICAN ELEMENT ; 14: The Inter-American System of Human Rights: Essential Features ; 15: The American Human Rights Navigation: Toward a Ius Commune ; 16: The Conventionality Control as a Core Mechanism of the Ius Constitutionale Commune ; 17: The Transformative Dimension of Inter-American Jurisprudence ; 18: The Impact of Inter-American Judgments by Institutional Empowerment ; 19: The Added Value of the Inter-American Human Rights System: Comparative Thoughts
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  • 28
    Call number: IASS 19.92866
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: xxx, 438 Seiten , graphische Darstellungen
    Edition: Second edition
    ISBN: 9780198843504 , 9780198843498
    Language: English
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  • 29
    Unknown
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Keywords: change agents ; campaigners ; lobbyists ; officials ; public services ; activists ; social change ; political change ; NGOs
    Description / Table of Contents: Human society is full of would-be ‘change agents’, a restless mix of campaigners, lobbyists, and officials, both individuals and organizations, set on transforming the world. They want to improve public services, reform laws and regulations, guarantee human rights, get a fairer deal for those on the sharp end, achieve greater recognition for any number of issues, or simply be treated with respect. Striking then, that not many universities have a Department of Change Studies, to which social activists can turn for advice and inspiration. Instead, scholarly discussions of change are fragmented with few conversations crossing disciplinary boundaries, rarely making it onto the radars of those actively seeking change. This book aims to bridge the gap between academia and practice, bringing together the best research from a range of academic disciplines and the evolving practical understanding of activists to explore the topic of social and political change. Drawing on many first-hand examples from the global experience of Oxfam, one of the world’s largest social justice NGOs, as well as insights gleaned from studying and working on international development, it tests ideas and offers the latest thinking on what works to achieve progressive change. Table of Contents Foreword, Ha-Joon Chang Introduction Part 1. A Power and Systems Approach 1: Systems Thinking Changes Everything 2: Power Lies at the Heart of Change 3: Shifts in Social Norms often Underpin Change Case Study: The Chiquitanos of Bolivia Part 2. Institutions and the Importance of History Introduction to Section 2 4: How States Evolve 5: The Machinery of Law 6: Accountability, Political Parties,and the Media 7: How the International System Shapes Change 8: Transnational Corporations as Drivers and Targets of Change Case Study: The December 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change Part 3. Activists Introduction to Section 3 9: Citizen Activism and Civil Society 10: Leaders and leadership 11: The Power of Advocacy 12: A Power and Systems Approach to Making Change Happen In Conclusion
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 268 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780198785392
    Language: English
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  • 30
    Keywords: development ; capability ; reform ; government ; poverty ; services ; policy ; PDIA ; politics ; foreign aid
    Description / Table of Contents: Governments play a major role in the development process, and constantly introduce reforms and policies to achieve developmental objectives. Many of these interventions have limited impact, however; schools get built but kids don’t learn, IT systems are introduced but not used, plans are written but not implemented. These achievement deficiencies reveal gaps in capabilities, and weaknesses in the process of building state capability. This book addresses these weaknesses and gaps. It starts by providing evidence of the capability shortfalls that currently exist in many countries, showing that many governments lack basic capacities even after decades of reforms and capacity-building efforts. The book then analyzes this evidence, identifying capability traps that hold many governments back—particularly related to isomorphic mimicry (where governments copy best practice solutions from other countries that make them look more capable even if they are not more capable) and premature load bearing (where governments adopt new mechanisms that they cannot actually make work, given weak extant capacities). The book then describes a process that governments can use to escape these capability traps. Called PDIA (problem-driven iterative adaptation), this process empowers people working in governments to find and fit solutions to the problems they face. The discussion about this process is structured in a practical manner so that readers can actually apply tools and ideas to the capability challenges they face in their own contexts. These applications will help readers devise policies and reforms that have more impact than those of the past. | Table of Contents Introduction: "The Long Voyage of Discovery" Part 1. The Problem: The Creation and Consolidation of Capability Traps 1: The Big Stuck in State Capability 2: Looking Like a State: The Seduction of Isomorphic Mimicry 3: Premature Load Bearing: Doing Too Much Too Soon 4: Capability for Policy Implementation 5: What Type of Organization Capability is Needed? Part 2. A Strategy for Action: Problem-Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) 6: The Challenge of Building (Real) State Capability for Implementation 7: Doing Problem-Driven Work 8: The Searchframe: Doing Experimental Iterations 9: Managing Your Authorizing Environment 10: Building State Capability at Scale Through Groups
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 257 pages) , 27 Figures, 25 Tables, 6 Boxes
    ISBN: 9780198807186
    Language: English
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  • 31
    Unknown
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Keywords: Natural disaster ; Extreme event ; Pandemic ; Disaster risk finance ; Time inconsistency ; Commitment device ; Planning ; Behavioural psychology ; Politics of disaster relief ; Risk management
    Description / Table of Contents: In recent years, typhoons have struck the Philippines and Vanuatu; earthquakes have rocked Haiti, Pakistan, and Nepal; floods have swept through Pakistan and Mozambique; droughts have hit Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia; and more. All led to loss of life and loss of livelihoods, and recovery will take years. One of the likely effects of climate change is to increase the likelihood of the type of extreme weather events that seems to cause these disasters. But do extreme events have to turn into disasters with huge loss of life and suffering? Dull Disasters? harnesses lessons from finance, political science, economics, psychology, and the natural sciences to show how countries and their partners can be far better prepared to deal with disasters. The insights can lead to practical ways in which governments, civil society, private firms, and international organizations can work together to reduce the risks to people and economies when a disaster looms. Responses to disasters then become less emotional, less political, less headline-grabbing, and more business as usual and effective. The book takes the reader through a range of solutions that have been implemented around the world to respond to disasters. It gives an overview of the evidence on what works and what doesn't and it examines the crucial issue of disaster risk financing. Building on the latest evidence, it presents a set of lessons and principles to guide future thinking, research, and practice in this area.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 139 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780198785576
    Language: English
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  • 32
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    Aachen : Shaker-Verl. | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Description: In 2009, the German government launched its "National Development Plan for Electric Mobility" which set the concrete target of having 1 million electric vehicles on the road by 2020. However, there have been hypes around e-mobility before and even if this goal were to be reached, a merely quantitative aim of a certain number of electric vehicles will not suffice to contribute to a more sustainable development in transport. This requires a more comprehensive vision of sustainable e-mobility as a system innovation. Thus, the question addressed in this thesis is: How can we assess - at this critical early stage - whether there is potential for e-mobility developing as a sustainable system innovation? A theoretical framework will be developed for assessing the potential of a wider transition at an early stage by analyzing current patterns of socio-technical co-evolution and embedding these in a wider framework of the structural dynamics involved in transitions. The aim of the analysis is to identify whether 'system-innovative' projects do emerge in the case of Germany/Baden-Württemberg and what patterns (e.g. in terms of specific actor constellations, institutional adjustments etc.) can explain this. It will be shown that the system-innovative potential of this e-mobility niche remains limited, due to the powerful influence of incumbents, conflicting political goals and traditional science approaches. A few more system-innovative activities emerge where powerful actors from outside are involved, who are capable of viewing mobility in a more systemic way (e.g. actors from the public transport or housing sector). It is argued that the role of large demonstration projects is important, but they need to be designed as transdisciplinary research projects from the beginning.
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 35
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    London : Zed Books | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2020-02-05
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    London : Zed Books | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2020-02-05
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 37
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    Hamburg : Kovac | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Description: How can renewable energy sources be efficiently integrated into the North African electricity systems? By using techno-economic modeling methods, this book explores optimized electricity system expansion pathways until the year 2030 for the five North African countries - Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt. The results indicate that renewable energy integration is actually a viable business case for the entire region, if wind and solar capacities are properly planned in conjunction with the conventional generation system and under consideration of the country-specific electricity supply-/demand patterns. Further aspects featured in this publication are the impact of renewable power on the transnational electricity transmission system and the question how decision making processes about renewable energy strategies can be improved in the North African context. The book is a contribution to the scientific literature about energy issues in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), but also seeks to address political and industrial practitioners concerned with the development of the region's renewable energy future.
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    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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    Publication Date: 2021-04-20
    Description: On 8 November 2016, Donald Trump was elected to become the 45th President of the United States of America. In his campaign, he repeatedly expressed his intention to "cancel the Paris Agreement". How can the course set with the adoption of the Paris Agreement be continued independently of the developments in the US? Lukas Hermwille and Wolfgang Obergassel sketch possible consequences of the sea change of US climate policy for the international negotiation process and identify options for a "Trump-resilient" way forward.
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2021-08-06
    Description: Given that over 50% of Myanmar's urban inhabitants and nearly 75% of the rural population lack access to adequate electricity, the country's development agenda includes electrification as a key policy goal. The government's National Electrification Project (NEP) aims to reach 100% household electrification by 2030. To achieve this ambitious target, the government of Myanmar has established a set of strategic electrification priorities. The primary focus is to electrify the country through extension of the national grid and construction of large power plants based on fossil fuels and renewable energy. For decades, decentralised energy solutions have played a niche role in Myanmar's electrification journey. Local developers have constructed thousands of nominal "mini-grids", powered by a range of sources, including water, diesel, and solar. With the support of local communities, these initiatives provide positive stimuli for the social and economic development of villages across the country. To achieve its electrification goals, the NEP includes a segment to promote the development of new mini-grids through a set of subsidies and private sector cooperation initiatives. These target remote regions, which are difficult to electrify through extension of the main grid. This report takes an in-depth look at decentralised electrification through community-based mini-grids with a focus on renewable energy. The aim is to provide insights into the potential role of sustainable electrification and to identify both enabling and limiting factors related to the institutional and policy landscape (macro), as well as the local conditions (micro). It also aims to explore whether the cooperative model is a suitable organisational framework for the operation of mini-grids in Myanmar. The results of the study will help to inform policymakers and supporters of decentralised electrification about the potential role for cooperatives and provide ways to improve the operating environment for sustainable, community-based mini-grids.
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    Publication Date: 2021-08-06
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    Publication Date: 2021-04-06
    Description: On 26 January 2019, the Commission on Growth, Structural Change and Employment recommended that no more coal-fired power plants would be operated in Germany by 2038 at the latest. In this paper the Wuppertal Institute comments on the results of the Commission and makes recommendations for the current necessary steps for the climate and innovation policy in Europe, Germany and North Rhine-Westphalia.
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    Publication Date: 2020-01-31
    Description: This report on urban mobility performance measurement is aimed at enabling stake- holders of the city of Bucharest and the public to understand their current urban mobility situation through a point-based results framework. It shall provide the city of Bucharest with a yardstick to measure its performance and benchmark the progress against some of its counterparts. It measures the urban mobility and compares it with 13 other European cities: Berlin, London, Vienna, Brussels, Moscow, Rome, Zurich, Paris, Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Oslo, Budapest and Madrid. Similar to many other European cities, Bucharest employs a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) in order to continuously improve urban transport and mobility and to make it more sustainable. In this respect, the report should also be regarded as a document which supports the stakeholders in Bucharest in their efforts to develop transport and mobility in the city more sustainable.
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    Publication Date: 2020-01-27
    Description: Digitalisation is in full swing and it is changing and influencing the world of the 21st century as no other dynamics of change has done before. Dealing with its impacts and at the same time shaping digitalisation itself is therefore a core task for achieving a globally sustainable transformation (German Advisory Council on Global Change - WGBU, 2019). But which direction should digitalisation take to ensure that it makes e ective contributions to globally sustainable development? And what is the specific approach needed to steer digitalisation in the right direction?
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-18
    Description: The European Union (EU) has established that the goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050 as a key driver of innovation and growth for industry and the economy in the EU. In addition to offering great opportunities, this also poses considerable challenges for the European economy and, for the most part, for basic industries, which are particularly emission-intensive and face strong international competition. An integrated climate and industry strategy is of central importance to protecting the climate, since the production of steel, cement, basic chemicals, glass, paper, and other materials in the EU and worldwide accounts for roughly one fifth of total greenhouse gas emissions. Even in a greenhouse gas-neutral future, we will not be able to fully eliminate our need for these materials. At the same time, it is particularly challenging to produce these materials without creating emissions given the state of technology and the necessary infrastructures. This applies above all to the question of how large amounts of green energy, including electricity and hydrogen, can be produced at competitive prices. Analyses show that despite the considerable costs involved in process changeover, the costs of transforming the raw materials industry are acceptable to society as a whole, given that the additional costs usually only increase the price of the end products by a few percentage points. However, in the case of crude steel or cement, the price would increase by between one third and 100 per cent. Since almost all raw materials manufacturers face strong global market competition, in most cases they are not able to bankroll the investments in climate-neutral production and the required energy infrastructure without outside support. This paper outlines an integrated climate industrial policy package that allows the EU to utilise its existing technological leadership in many of these industries to build a greenhouse gas-neutral raw materials industry.
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2021-04-20
    Description: While the Paris Agreement (PA) has enshrined ambitious long-term objectives, the current actions of the Parties to the Agreement fall far short of these goals. The Global Stocktake (GST), established in Art. 14 of the PA, may help narrow this gap between ambition and action: its purpose is to review the implementation of the PA and to assess the collective progress of the international community towards Paris goals. While some general modalities on how to conduct the GST have been adopted, the details are still to be determined. The objective of this report is to analyze existing international regimes as regards their review processes, the contribution of these review processes to various governance functions and, finally, to derive lessons for the GST. Processes analyzed include: the design of the upcoming Global Stocktake itself, the Talanoa Dialogue (TD) which is the direct precursor of the GST, the Agenda 2030 High-Level Political Forum (HLPF), which features a regular stocktaking process focused on progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the review processes of the UN human rights system (UNHRS) and the review processes and assessment panels of the Montreal Protocol (MP). The analysis of each review process is organised in four section: (1) political background and context, (2) technical and organisational details of the processes, (3) interface between the political and technical processes, and (4) how the review processes contribute to achieving the objectives of the respective regime, particularly governance functions of the regime (guidance and signal, transparency and accountability, and knowledge and learning).
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: This chapter turns to the measurement of performance in delivering corporate and ecosystem purposes. The metrics are designed to capture the pain points in the ecosystem that need to be addressed and the success of the intervention in addressing them. This requires measures of non-financial as well as financial performance. The chapter provides an overview of measurements of non-financial forms of capital: natural, human, and social. In examining natural capital, it contrasts input measures that record the amount of natural resources that are used in the production process and output measures that examine the impact of the inputs on products, emissions, waste, etc. It notes that measuring inputs is in general more straightforward than outputs and it therefore argues that natural capital metrics should be constructed around inputs rather than outputs.
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    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
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    Publication Date: 2021-04-20
    Description: On 8 November 2016, Donald Trump was elected to become the 45th President of the United States of America. In his campaign, he repeatedly expressed his intention to "cancel the Paris Agreement". How can the course set with the adoption of the Paris Agreement be continued independently of the developments in the US? The authors sketch possible consequences of the sea change of US climate policy for the international negotiation process and identify options for a "Trump-resilient" way forward.
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    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
    Description: Germany's waste management system is one of the world's most advanced - its primary objective is to dispose of waste in a way that is safe for both people and the environ- ment. However, only about 14 per cent of the raw materials used in industry are derived from recycling processes; the remainder are still sourced from primary materials. The circular economy is not yet being implemented on a large enough scale. Recyclates or recycled materials, i.e. secondary raw materials recovered from waste, are being fed back into production and usage processes at volumes that are far below what is possible. If this system were to be improved, loss of value, dependence on volatile commodity markets, lower resource productivity, and externalities in the form of environmental pollution could be avoided. A drive towards digitalisation in industry and the waste management sector could make this happen. A study by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) indicates that no other lead market in the environmental sector stands to benefit from digitalisation more than the circular economy - and that, at the same time, no sector has ever been so poorly positioned.
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2021-03-04
    Description: Science and education are central fields and a lever for sustainable development. With the newly developed student teaching and learning format "Transformative Innovation Lab" - TIL for short - students are to be enabled to conduct independent transformative research. To this end, the researchers, under the direction of the Wuppertal Institute, developed and tested the new learning concept in the project "Development, testing and dissemination of new qualification offers for 'change agents' for transformative learning using the real-world laboratory approach" (EEVA). The detailed results and numerous implementation tips have been published in a practical handbook aimed at academic teaching staff and other multipliers.
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Transport is a key economic sector in Europe, it influences the opportunities of production and consumption. By improving access to markets, goods and services, employment, housing, health care, and education, transportation projects can increase economic productivity and development. The ability to be mobile is also a prerequisite for inclusion. At the same time, transport induces a range of negative effects, most notably the emission of greenhouse gases. At the urban level, motorised transport significantly contributes to air pollution. Since 2013, the European Commission has increased EU funding for projects: The "Urban Mobility Package" provided EUR 13 billion for investments into sustainable urban mobility between 2014 and 2020. This has allowed cities across Europe to put in place a range of initiatives. European funding programmes and financing institutions such as the European Investment Bank increasingly insist on a contribution to more sustainable mobility systems in their financing commitments. The impact, however, is mixed. The European Court of Auditors warned that EU cities must shift more traffic to sustainable transport modes. They found that EU-funded projects were not always based on sound urban mobility strategies and were not as effective as intended. In many EU member states, the transfer of EU funds to cities is contingent on the existence of a SUMP. A statistical analysis of the modal split of 396 cities in the European Union revealed that the implementation of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans positively correlates with a reduction of the share of the private car in the cities. Such plans include strategies and activities to pursue sustainable mobility. This report analyses transport and mobility in Bratislava with a view to providing a clear picture about its current sustainability state. It points to both good practice and areas of improvement. In so doing, it provides recommendations how mobility in the city can be developed increasingly sustainable. Bratislava is the capital and largest city of Slovakia. In 2016, the population of the city was 426,000 inhabitants, the Bratislava region was home to 642,000 inhabitants.
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Concretely defined targets are guiding policy efforts and the measures required to achieve national energy and low-carbon transformations in order to reach the maximum 2 degree climate change mitigation target agreed at the COP in Paris in 2015. Reducing energy consumption by harnessing the potential of energy efficiency, expanding the use of renewable energy resources, and transforming all sectors into low-energy and low-carbon structures is crucial. Among the G20 states, most states have set targets for renewable energies, energy efficiency, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions. Yet, it seems that starting points and target units differ a lot between the G20, and hence comparability is difficult. This topical paper presents a synopsis on the current targets within the G20. The relative lack of energy efficiency targets shows that this pillar needs much greater efforts in current and future energy policy.
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: From 7 to 18 November 2016, the twenty-second Conference of the Parties (COP22) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) took place in Marrakech. Due to the early entry into force of the Paris Agreement, Marrakech also hosted the first Conference of the Parties serving as Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA1). Researchers from the Wuppertal Institute observed the conference and elaborated a detailed analysis of the results. The report starts by discussing developments regarding the implementation of the Paris Agreement, in particular the detailed "rulebook" and cooperative mechanisms. Next, the article discusses developments in the various avenues for raising climate ambition that have been put in place by the Paris conference: the 2018 facilitative dialogue, the engagement of non-state and sub-national actors, and the elaboration of mid-century climate strategies. In addition, the article discusses other Marrakech developments, in particular on issues of climate finance and adaptation, as well as recent developments in the wider world that have an impact on the UNFCCC, in particular developing alliances, developments in the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) and under the Montreal Protocol, and possible repercussions of the US presidential election.
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The brochure summarises the project's objectives and methodological approach, its key findings as well as conclusions. Both case studies have shown that technological solutions for low carbon development should be embedded in a well-developed institutional framework to foster their deployment and implementation. Therefore, recommendations for Wuxi include examples of innovative and integrated technical projects for increasing energy and resource efficiency, combining them with recommendations for the development of institutional frameworks. One element of such a framework could be a local energy agency in Wuxi, which would offer support and expertise to potential investors in low carbon technologies. Also for the German pilot region, the brochure offers concrete recommendations how to facilitate low carbon planning within the region.
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: In the Paris Agreement, the governments of the world have pledged to attain climate neutrality in the second half of this century. More precisely, in Art. 4.1 parties agreed to "achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases". However, the collective as well as the majority of measures by individual countries fall short of embarking on a pathway towards that objective. But nevertheless, an increasing number of actors - countries, sub-national entities, as well as corporations - have stepped up their efforts and set themselves carbon neutrality goals. In this Policy Brief Lukas Hermwille and Markus Gornik portray the commitments of Costa Rica, Norway, Sweden, the City of Melbourne, Australia and the corporation Microsoft. All cases have set themselves ambitious neutrality goals and have implemented measures to achieve them. However, none of the cases will be able to achieve accomplish neutrality on their own, at least not on short-term. The remaining emissions will be compensated using carbon credits either from domestic offset schemes (Costa Rica) or from international schemes. For the time being, voluntary carbon neutrality goals, as presented in this Policy Brief, are an effective way to demonstrate leadership in climate protection. For the near future, pioneering actors that set voluntary carbon or climate neutrality goals could provide a significant source of demand for international carbon credits.
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: While the Paris Agreement (PA) has enshrined ambitious long-term objectives, the current level of action of the Parties to the Agreement falls far short of this ambition, as is recognised in the very COP decision adopting the Agreement. The Global Stocktake (GST) established in Art. 14 of the PA is a key element to address this problem. Its purpose is to review the implementation of the PA and to assess the progress made towards the collectively agreed goals. The aim of this report is to develop recommendations on how to maximise the potential impact of the GST. The report starts from a perspective of what the GST could ideally do, irrespective of decisions already taken under the UNFCCC and other political constraints. In the second step, the report takes these limitations into account and suggests ways for how to nonetheless work towards the desired outcome.
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: In the context of the German-Korean Energy Policy Dialogue, integration of renewable power sources and smart grids have been identified as topics with high relevance. This study aims to support mutual learning and exploration of new fields for collaboration by identifying similarities and differences in the respective status quos, strategies and policies in both countries. After a short introduction to the South Korean energy situation, Chapter 2 provides an overview of the South Korean power market, its situation regarding renewable power sources and the Korean definition of smart grids. Chapter 3 of this study highlights the major South Korean energy strategies and regulatory frameworks relevant to integration of renewable energies and smart grids. In Chapter 4, the status and perspectives of renewable energy sources integration and smart grids in South Korea are discussed, presenting various demonstrative examples, new business models and the current situation of technology deployment. Chapter 5 puts South Korea in the global context and compares it to Germany. Finally, Chapter 6 draws conclusions and presents recommendations on suitable areas for mutual learning.
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    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The Paris Agreement adopted in December 2015 provides the basis for future international cooperation on the field of climate change mitigation. While truly global in reach, the agreement will however result in an increasingly complex new climate regime: Instead of using a uniform formula, Parties are allowed to autonomously define their NDCs (nationally determined contributions), resulting in a large diversity of contributions. This poses significant challenges for emissions accounting and the transfer of emission units. This Policy Paper explores how these challenges can be addressed by analysing different types of NDCs and assessing their compatibility with the export and use of emission units. On that basis, the authors develop opt-in provisions for Parties willing to participate in unit transfers under the new climate regime and illustrate how potential risks to environmental integrity can be addressed.
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement established three approaches for countries to cooperate with each other: cooperative approaches under Art. 6.2, a new mechanism to promote mitigation and sustainable development under Art. 6.4, and a framework for non-market approaches under Art. 6.8. Detailed rules for these three approaches are currently being negotiated. This Policy Paper summarises the views submitted by Parties in March 2017 to identify points of controversy and convergence. It builds on a previous paper which summarised views submitted in September 2016. Compared to the 2016 round of submissions, some conceptual advances can be noted. However, a number of issues continue to be controversial with little indication of a convergence of views.
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The Greens / European Free Alliance Group of the European Parliament contracted Wuppertal Institute in collaboration with Energiaklub to develop scientifically sound, comprehensive, alternative, and sustainable long term energy scenarios for Hungary, which cover potential development paths till 2030 and 2050. The scenarios developed deliver information about the costs and long-term effects of different energy choices for Hungary as well as credible information on potential benefits of greening the energy mix. As a result, the study aims to provide policy makers with better evidence for making informed, prudent and forward-thinking decisions in this field.
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: At the 46th meeting of the UNFCCC's subsidiary bodies in Bonn, it was decided that Parties submit their input on selected aspects of the Art. 6 negotiations shortly before COP 23, taking place in Bonn in early November. This Policy Paper summarises the views submitted in October 2017 to identify points of controversy and convergence. It builds on previous papers summarising the views submitted in September 2016 and March 2017, respectively.
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: European coal mining regions face massive transformational challenges. The necessity of climate protection only intensifies a trend, prevalent in all of Europe: coal mining has been losing its economic importance over the last decades. Fewer and fewer people are employed in the sector. Coal regions face the challenge of how to facilitate a just transition, and which perspectives to develop for a future beyond coal. Against this background this study analyses the current situation in four key European coal mining regions, namely: Aragon in Spain, Lusatia in Germany, Silesia in Poland and Western Macedonia in Greece. The study provides a brief summary of the regions' socio-economic structure, including the respective role of coal mining. An assessment of how existing European structural instruments, specifically the European Structural and Investment Funds (the ESI Funds) are utilised in the region, forms the core of the study.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 70
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The maritime part of all transport via the port of Rotterdam is linked to the brunt of all CO2 emissions (87 %) the port can potentially influence. This report aims to quantitatively grasp the maritime transport of the Port of Rotterdam, in terms of ships, total tonnages, energy consumption and CO2 emissions in respect to types of cargo and regions. In the first and broad part of the report, the emissions and energy demands of sailing ships are assessed. Emissions and energy demand for the port itself are subject of a separate part at the end.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 71
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This JIKO Policy Paper analyses a series of very ambitious mitigation scenarios and complements this analysis with a review of several sectoral technology roadmaps. The results are quite clear: there is no reason to believe that international carbon trading will become obsolete any time soon. Whether or not international carbon trading is to play a role in international climate protection efforts is in the end not a physical or economic question, but a political one.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The core objective of Energy Efficiency Watch 3 (EEW3) is to establish a constant feedback loop on the implementation of European and national energy efficiency policies and thus enable both compliance monitoring and mutual learning on effective policy making across the EU. The project team applied a mixed-method approach to assess energy efficiency policy developments in EU Member States. EEW3 analysed the progress made in the implementation of energy efficiency policies in European Member States since the publication of the second National Energy Efficiency Action Plans (NEEAPs) in 2011 by screening official documents, sought experts' knowledge via an EU-wide survey and has been creating new consultation platforms with a wide spectrum of stakeholders including parliamentarians, regions, cities and business stakeholders. Results are presented in Country Reports for each of the 28 Member States, the Expert Survey Report, 10 Case Studies presenting outstanding energy efficiency policies in Europe, the Key Policy Conclusions, the project summary report in brochure format and this Feedback Loop Report, which summarises the overall EEW3 portfolio.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The current utilisation of natural resources in Germany and Europe is not sustainable, as inter alia stated by the German government as well as by the European Commission. At the same time, increased resource efficiency could lead to various environmental but also economic benefits. This brief study commissioned by Changing Markets presents developments in the field of resource efficiency policies, analyses the status quo of resource consumption with a special focus on fast moving consumer goods and describes potential effects of resource conservations.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 74
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This paper analyses the risks to environmental integrity associated to the transfers of mitigation outcomes in the context of Art. 6 of the Paris Agreement and provides an overview on approaches and tools that could be used for addressing them. The analysis shows that some of the environmental integrity risks can be dealt with at the technical level. This relates, inter alia, to the risks of mitigation outcomes being unreal or non-permanent as well as to carbon leakage and rebound effects. Here, robust MRV provisions should be established. Other risks will be difficult to address without touching the new and open structure of the Paris Agreement. This applies, for example, to risks associated to the diverse nature of NDCs, and requires further investigation.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2021-12-03
    Description: The first step of complete transformation will be utilizing digital technologies and applications to improve current procedures, processes, and structures (Improve). Next, complete digitalisation will pave the way for new business models and framework conditions (Convert). Finally, comprehensive transformation of the economy and value creation will ensure the effective reorientation of society and lifestyles towards sustainability (Transform). This last step is critical for a successful ecological transformation, or a "green transformation", must be placed front and centre during international debate. Through this report, we aim to highlight and discuss the opportunities that digitalisation can bring to Germany. In particular, we will discuss three exemplary areas of ecological transformation where action is necessary: 1) A digital and circular economy that uses data to increase resource efficiency. 2) Intelligent, sustainable mobility that connects us in eco-friendly ways. 3) Transparent transitions towards sustainable food chains and agriculture. This report represents the first phase of the Shaping Digital Transformation project. In this report, we will outline the framework of our project to create a starting point for further debates.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 76
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2021-12-15
    Description: Cities and municipalities have had to endure a great deal in recent years, including a global coronavirus pandemic, fire disasters in the US and devastating floods like those in Germany. These are also consequences of anthropogenic climate change, and cities have to be better prepared for such events in future. In particular, the cata-strophic flooding Germany experienced in July 2021 demonstrated how ill-equipped municipalities are for this type of incident. In this paper, we look at how cities can become more resilient, sustainable and ready for the future.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2021-11-15
    Description: Nutrition is one of the most important areas for the great transformation. So how can a shift towards a sustainable food system be achieved? This paper addresses this question - based on more than ten years of research on sustainable nutrition at the Wuppertal Institute. It focuses on public catering, because even small changes - for example in the choice of ingredients - have a huge impact here. With appropriate policy frameworks, public catering can serve as an easily accessible place for consumers to experience sustainable food and at the same time be a reliable buyer of biodiversity and climate-friendly food from farmers. However, other actors are also needed for a transformation of the food system: The "Zukunftsimpuls" addresses politics, (agricultural) industry, science and every individual - because the transformation of the food system is a task for the entire society.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2021-11-26
    Description: More and more companies are announcing their intention to become climate-neutral and numerous companies already offer climate-neutral products or services: From climate-neutral parcel delivery to air travel. But what exactly do the companies' net-zero targets mean? Is the target set ambitious? And what role does offsetting play, i.e., purchasing carbon credits that are accounted against the company's own climate target? The approaches behind the proclaimed targets are often difficult to understand. Against this background, this Zukunftsimpuls provides ten recommendations for the definition and implementation of neutrality targets. Among other things, the authors advocate the use of a robust database as the basis for net-zero targets, emphasize the importance of transparent communication, and highlight the role that offsetting should play. Purchased carbon credits should make as limited a contribution as possible for meeting climate targets and should only be used to offset emissions that cannot be reduced or avoided. More generally, net-zero targets should not be made the sole criterion for ambitious climate strategies. Rather, they are a building block of a much more comprehensive strategy of corporate climate action.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: In spite of current multiple political crises, global warming will remain a prime issue on the global agenda. The adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015 and its quick ratification in 2016 have created a strong momentum for worldwide action against climate change. As global greenhouse gas emissions must decline towards levels close to zero by the middle of the century, the rapid decarbonisation of energy systems is high on the agenda of most countries around the globe. This publication delivers insights into cutting edge research on the necessary transitions towards low carbon societies and by this aims to contribute to international as well as national policymaking. The topics covered in more than 20 concise original articles are among the most important issues for progressing solutions for climate change and sustainable development. The papers discuss recent findings and case studies in the following subject areas: Governance of the necessary long-term transitions in the context of potential known and unknown adverse developments; Policy instruments and strategies that allow for financing the transition to low carbon economies and, at the same time, respond to today's economic and social challenges; Integrated strategies for three of the most important arenas of global decarbonisation: Cities, as much of the change and necessary investment for low carbon societies must take place, be planned, be financed and be built in cities; industry, particularly the energy-intensive processing industries, which are at the core of society's metabolism and are responsible for a large and growing share of global emissions and science as a whole, which must become more solutions-oriented because the transitions needed will rely heavily on research providing solutions for technological as well as societal problems. As a contribution to these great challenges and at the request of the G7 Environment Ministers, the Low Carbon Society Research Network (LCS-RNet) acts as a forum aimed at fostering research and policymaking to jointly achieve decarbonised energy systems in countries around the world. It convenes leading scientists, practitioners and policymakers and aims at supporting governments in proceeding jointly towards the design and implementation of climate-friendly low carbon societies.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: In this policy paper we discuss policy instruments which can help to decarbonise passenger cars in the European Union. We elaborate to what extent these policy instruments are effective, technology-neutral, predictable, cost-effective and enforceable. Based on these criteria, we develop recommendations for the European Union and its Member States on (1) how to shape their policy frameworks in order to achieve existing climate change mitigation targets; (2) how to support car manufacturers in selling innovative and competitive products; and (3) how to encourage consumers in Europe to purchase appropriate vehicles. We conclude that favourable policy instruments are used, but there is a strong need for adjustment and further development. The effectiveness of the current EU emission standard should be further increased by turning away from granting "super-credits" and introducing a size-based (instead of weight-based) credit system. Moreover, its overall ambition is questionable and the existing compliance mechanisms should be sharpened. Fuel taxes are an effective means to push consumers to buy energy-efficient cars. However, a sharp increase may not have the desired effects. Instead, the Member States should harmonise their excise duties at the level of those Member States, which currently impose the highest taxes (Netherlands, Italy). This includes the abolition of any diesel tax bonus. An introduction and harmonisation of vehicle taxes (purchase and circulation) should be based on a vehicle's energy consumption. Additionally, reformation efforts should aim to change the taxation of company cars in a way that vehicle sizes are reduced over time. Ambitious Member States may also want to introduce a sales quota for electric vehicles. Sales quotas are a very cost-effective policy instrument provided that the mandated technology will achieve a certain market share. This may be assumed for battery-electric vehicles. Further supportive instruments that should be considered are eco-labelling, public procurement and purchase incentives. However, the latter instrument's effectiveness is debatable and its implementation should therefore not be a Member State's priority.
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 81
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: Europe needs a new vision of progress. An energy transition has this potential. It can give the "European idea" a future-oriented content. The goal for 2050 is clear: a Europe without fossil and nuclear energy! This is not a utopia. Studies, resolutions of the EU and some member states prove that this vision is feasible and has many advantages: more jobs, more security of supply, fewer premature deaths due to air pollution, reduction of resource conflicts, falling energy costs. New green lead markets for renewable energies and resource efficiency are emerging. A European energy transition requires an alliance, ideally fuelled by neighbours France and Germany. Many are hoping for Germany as a driver of nuclear and coal phase-out. But deciding on "revolutionary goals" is not enough: finally implementing them is what Germany and Europe are waiting for. This report shows which concrete steps can advance this vision of progress.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: Alternative power initiatives are socio-ecological innovations that substantially contribute to city's sustainable development and, therefore, are of particular societal benefit and value. Cities should, consequently, have an inherent interest in their existence and proliferation. This, however, asks for strategic innovation management. While, acknowledgement of the project's innovativeness constitutes the precondition for management, in the further process of steering activity the tasks to reduce hurdles, create open space and support the project's capacities need to be mastered. Thereby, cities are increasingly asked to become innovative themselves in order to find ways to optimally make use of their available tools and capacities.
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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