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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The Viennese Jesuit astronomer Maximilian Hell was a nodal figure in the eighteenth-century circulation of knowledge. This study of his career sheds light on the Enlightenment, Catholicism, reform in the Habsburg monarchy, and the cultivation of science in the Republic of Letters. Readership: Anyone interested in eighteenth-century Central Europe and Scandinavia, in the production and circulation of knowledge in the Enlightenment, in enlightened absolutism, in Catholicism and the Society of Jesus in the eighteenth century, in the history of astronomy and related subjects, and the history of comparative linguistics and its ideological implications.
    Keywords: History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Terminologies present various challenges to their inventors and to their users, ranging from epistemic adequacy over linguistic concerns to matters of strategy and group construction. With respect to historical terminologies, however, research has been dominated by linguistic approaches. Breaking new ground, Coming to Terms collects eleven articles that combine an interest in the history of knowledge, mostly ancient Greek, with research on scientific terminologies. They all share an interest in terminological practices, that is, questions such as how and when to coin a term and then what to do with it. Among the fields discussed are astronomy, the Roman surveyors, Aristotelian science, Renaissance and modern biology, contemporary medicine, ancient Chinese philosophy, 20th-century physics, and colonial linguistics. Confronting ancient with modern terminologies, the collection intends to test integrative interpretive approaches. Thus, the collection documents how rich ancient (and modern) terminologies are and shows that they are, beyond lexicography, worth being studied per se. ; Terminologies present various challenges to their inventors and to their users, ranging from epistemic adequacy over linguistic concerns to matters of strategy and group construction. With respect to historical terminologies, however, research has been dominated by linguistic approaches. Breaking new ground, Coming to Terms collects eleven articles that combine an interest in the history of knowledge, mostly ancient Greek, with research on scientific terminologies. They all share an interest in terminological practices, that is, questions such as how and when to coin a term and then what to do with it. Among the fields discussed are astronomy, the Roman surveyors, Aristotelian science, Renaissance and modern biology, contemporary medicine, ancient Chinese philosophy, 20th-century physics, and colonial linguistics. Confronting ancient with modern terminologies, the collection intends to test integrative interpretive approaches. Thus, the collection documents how rich ancient (and modern) terminologies are and shows that they are, beyond lexicography, worth being studied per se.
    Keywords: Terminologie ; antike Wissenschaft ; Aristoteles ; terminology ; ancient science ; Aristotle ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBB Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Kriterium | Kriterium
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Olov Janse was an archaeologist with a remarkable life. From his birth in Sweden 1892 to his death in the United States 1985, he travelled several times across the world and was present in some of the most important episodes of 20th century world history. His works and networks connected museums and political institutions in Sweden, France, Vietnam and the United States: from the Swedish History Museum, the Museum of Far Easter Antiquities, the French Musée d’antiquites nationales, the Cernuchi museum, and the French research institute EFEO in Hanoi, to UNESCO, the Harvard Peabody Museum, the Smithsonian Institution, and the U.S. Department of State. He left behind artefacts and documents in museum collections and archives across the world. But his name is largely unknown, and his most important contributions – the connection of people and ideas between continents and contexts – have remained invisible in historical accounts of all these institutions. He was, in every sense, an archaeologist in-between. This book follows in the footsteps of Olov Janse and his wife Renée, as they move between continents and contexts, connecting key actors and institutions in social and professional networks across the world. It tells the formidable story of an archaeologist navigating through world politics, from a late 19th century industrial town in Sweden, to early 20th century Parisian museums, to French Indochina and the Philippines in the 1930s, to the formation of UNESCO in 1946, and ending with public diplomacy for the U.S. Department of State at the verge of the Vietnam War.
    Keywords: Olov Janse ; UNESCO ; Archaeology ; OSS ; History museums ; Indochina ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSD Diplomacy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GL Library and information sciences / Museology::GLZ Museology and heritage studies
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book addresses the age-old problem of infinite regresses in epistemology. How can we ever come to know something if knowing requires having good reasons, and reasons can only be good if they are backed by good reasons in turn? The problem has puzzled philosophers ever since antiquity, giving rise to what is often called Agrippa's Trilemma. The current volume approaches the old problem in a provocative and thoroughly contemporary way. Taking seriously the idea that good reasons are typically probabilistic in character, it develops and defends a new solution that challenges venerable philosophical intuitions and explains why they were mistakenly held. Key to the new solution is the phenomenon of fading foundations, according to which distant reasons are less important than those that are nearby. The phenomenon takes the sting out of Agrippa's Trilemma; moreover, since the theory that describes it is general and abstract, it is readily applicable outside epistemology, notably to debates on infinite regresses in metaphysics. The book is a potential game-changer and a must for any advanced student or researcher in the field.
    Keywords: Epistemology ; Mathematical Logic and Foundations ; Statistical Theory and Methods ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics ; Operations Research/Decision Theory ; Philosophical Foundations of Physics and Astronomy ; Operations Research and Decision Theory ; Epistemic Justification ; Infinite Regress ; Regresses in Epistemology ; Regresses in Ethics ; Regresses in Metaphysics ; Regresses in Philosophy of Mind ; Open Access ; Philosophy: epistemology & theory of knowledge ; Mathematical foundations ; Mathematical logic ; Probability & statistics ; History of science ; Operational research ; Management decision making ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPK Philosophy: epistemology & theory of knowledge ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PB Mathematics::PBC Mathematical foundations ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability & statistics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJT Operational research ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBC Mathematical foundations ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability and statistics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJT Operational research
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This Open Access book gives a comprehensive account of both the history and current achievements of molecular beam research. In 1919, Otto Stern launched the revolutionary molecular beam technique. This technique made it possible to send atoms and molecules with well-defined momentum through vacuum and to measure with high accuracy the deflections they underwent when acted upon by transversal forces. These measurements revealed unforeseen quantum properties of nuclei, atoms, and molecules that became the basis for our current understanding of quantum matter. This volume shows that many key areas of modern physics and chemistry owe their beginnings to the seminal molecular beam work of Otto Stern and his school. Written by internationally recognized experts, the contributions in this volume will help experienced researchers and incoming graduate students alike to keep abreast of current developments in molecular beam research as well as to appreciate the history and evolution of this powerful method and the knowledge it reveals.
    Keywords: Quantum Physics ; Atomic/Molecular Structure and Spectra ; Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics ; Physics, general ; Atomic and Molecular Structure and Properties ; History of Physics and Astronomy ; Philosophical Foundations of Physics and Astronomy ; Physics and Astronomy ; Open Access ; Molecular Beam History ; Precision Measurements ; Femto- and Atto-science ; Foundations of Quantum Mechanics ; Droplet Beams ; Molecular Beam Applications ; Matter Wave Interferometry ; Ultracold Atoms ; Quantum physics (quantum mechanics & quantum field theory) ; Nuclear physics ; Theoretical & mathematical astronomy ; History of science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    UCL Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Bloomsbury Scientists is the story of the network of scientists and artists living in a square mile of London before and after the First World War. This inspired group of men and women viewed creativity and freedom as the driving force behind nature, and each strove to understand this in their own inventive way. Their collective energy changed the social mood of the era and brought a new synthesis of knowledge to ideas in science and art. Class barriers were threatened as power shifted from the landed oligarchy to those with talent and the will to make a difference. A time of unexpected opportunities, from the new disciplines of Genetics and Ecology to Post-Impressionism and beyond, Michael Boulter seamlessly weaves together the stories originating from Bloomsbury’s laboratories, libraries and studios. He narrates the breakthroughs of scientists such as Ray Lankester and Marie Stopes alongside the creative outputs of H. G. Wells and Virginia Woolf, among many others, and intricately connects them all through personal friendships, grievances, quarrels and affections. Bloomsbury Scientists offers a fresh and crucial perspective on this history at a time when the complex relationship between science and art continues to be debated.
    Keywords: london ; history of science ; bloomsbury ; scientists ; Biology ; Charles Darwin ; Evolution ; Francis Galton ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DD Western Europe::1DDU United Kingdom, Great Britain ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Brill
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: A Literary History of Medicine by the Syrian physician Ibn Abī Uṣaybiʿah (d. 1270) is the earliest comprehensive history of medicine. It contains biographies of over 432 physicians, ranging from the ancient Greeks to the author’s contemporaries, describing their training and practice, often as court physicians, and listing their medical works; all this interlaced with poems and anecdotes. These volumes present the first complete and annotated translation along with a new edition of the Arabic text showing the stages in which the author composed the work. Introductory essays provide important background. The reader will find on these pages an Islamic society that worked closely with Christians and Jews, deeply committed to advancing knowledge and applying it to health and wellbeing.
    Keywords: Greco-Roman ; ancient healthcare ; medieval healthcare ; Arabic literature ; Arabic poetry ; medieval history ; medieval society ; ʿUyūn ; Islam ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHG Middle Eastern history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: Arabic , English
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  • 8
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This Open Access book discusses the progress of science and the transfer of scientific knowledge to technological application. It also identifies the factors necessary to achieve this progress. Based on a case study of the physical chemist Fritz Haber's discovery of ammonia synthesis between 1903 and 1909, the book places Haber's work in historical and scientific (physicochemical) context. The scientific developments of the preceding century are framed in a way that emphasizes the confluence of knowledge needed for Haber's success. Against this background, Haber's work is presented in detail along with the indispensable contributions of his colleague, the physical chemist, Walter Nernst, and their assistants. The detailed accounts of scientific advancement remind us of the physical basis on which our scientific theories and ideas are built. Without this reminder we often forget how complex, and how beautiful achievements in science can be.
    Keywords: Fritz Haber ; Ammonia Synthesis ; Scientific Discovery ; Technological Innovation ; Physical Chemistry ; Theory of Scientific Progress ; The challenge of technical Implementation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Physiognomy and ekphrasis are two of the most important modes of description in antiquity and represent the necessary precursors of scientific description. The primary way of divining the characteristics and fate of an individual, whether inborn or acquired, was to observe the patient’s external characteristics and behaviour. This volume focuses initially on two types of descriptive literature in Mesopotamia: physiognomic omens and what we might call ekphrastic description. These modalities are traced through ancient India, Ugaritic and the Hebrew Bible, before arriving at the physiognomic features of famous historical figures such as Themistocles, Socrates or Augustus in the Graeco-Roman world, where physiognomic discussions become intertwined with typological analyses of human characters. The Arabic compendial culture absorbed and remade these different physiognomic and ekphrastic traditions, incorporating both Mesopotamian links between physiognomy and medicine and the interest in characterological ‘types’ that had emerged in the Hellenistic period.This volume offer the first wide-ranging picture of these modalities of description in antiquity.
    Keywords: Physiognomy Description Ekphrasis ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBB Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Istanbul University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Published
    Description: One of the most significant events of the history of Turkish universities in the Republican era is the 1933 University Reform. Darülfünun which had been founded in the Ottoman era and which had sustained its activities for the first ten years of the Republic was closed through this reform and Istanbul University was founded instead. At the same time a large number of the instructors of Darülfünun were dismissed and a new academic cadre was created. This cadre consisted primarily of three groups. The first group consisted of instructors remaining from Darülfünun which had been closed down, the second group consisted of young people who had studied abroad and then returned to their homeland, and the third and largest group consisted of foreign refugee instructors, most of whom were German. The years in which reform preparations were sustained and reform was realized were those in which the instructors who had escaped from the oppressions of the regime in Germany or who were dismissed by the German Government sought the chance to be employed in other countries. Those instructors who were dismissed because they or their spouses were of Jewish origin and/or because they were opposed to the practices of national socialists in power in Germany had to continue their studies in countries other than Germany. Thus many scientists took refuge in Turkey firstly from Germany and Austria and then from other countries under Nazi occupation. The sad circumstance of these scientists being forced to leave their countries led to the biggest brain drain in the history in Germany and became a significant milestone in the scientific, cultural and educational life of Turkey. To date many studies have been conducted about those refugee scientists who took office in various education and science institutions particularly including Istanbul University. There are comprehensive studies about both the university reform and the scientists who came to Turkey with this reform and who studied in the fields of fundamental sciences, medicine and architecture. However the studies conducted on the refugee scientists who worked at Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters are more restricted both in qualitative and quantitative terms. The initial researchers for the creation of the present work, prepared for the purpose of filling this gap, started with a project* support received from Istanbul University in 2007 and this book was written with the support of many documents and information contained in the current literature. This book first gives information about the history of the Faculty of Letters before the University Reform was passed. Next the book covers the biographies of twenty-four scientists who came to Turkey through the 1933 University Reform and who took office at Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters. Included in these biographies are accounts of their studies conducted in Turkey. Personnel files available in the Rector’s Office of Istanbul University, Personnel Office and in the Archive of Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters, were used essentially for the preparation of the biographies of the scientists. In addition, newspaper archives were reviewed and the information obtained was supported and extended with the printed sources published within the homeland and abroad. This study, which covers the research and publication activities of those scientists who contributed to the development of the scientific branches of which they were members in Turkey and which is enriched with many photographs and documents, some of which have not been published anywhere so far, aims to reveal the contributions of refugee scientists who took positions at Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters after the 1933 University Reform and who contributed to Turkish scientific life. We hope that this work will lay the basis for and contribute to more detailed and comprehensive studies to be conducted in this field. The most significant contribution to the creation of this work belongs to Prof. Dr. Feza Günergun who encouraged us with her suggestion and who supported us in starting our research as a project. We are thankful to her. We are further thankful to Prof. Dr. Emre Dölen whose knowledge and opinion and pioneer works in this field we benefited from during our research. We particularly appreciate Assistant Professor Kaan Ata who carried out the immense task of page-setting of the book at great sacrifice of his own time and effort. We also thank Prof. Dr. Atilla Bir, Prof. Dr. Mustafa Kaçar, Prof. Dr. Mahmut Karakuş for their support and contribution to our study as well as Associate Professor Meltem Kocaman and Assistant Professor Deniz Atalay Ata whose knowledge we referred to for remedying certain difficulties. We further thank the employees of the Rector’s Office of Istanbul University, Personnel Office and Faculty of Letters and General Library for their help in enabling us to access the personnel files and publications of the scientists mentioned in our study. We thank Assistant Professor Metin Tunç, the Consultant of the Rector’s Office of Istanbul University, for his support with the publication of this English version of our book. We further thank Nihal Uzan and Elizabeth Earl, for their contributions to the translation. We express our gratitude towards Prof. Dr. Mahmut Ak, Rector of Istanbul University and Prof. Dr. Hayati Develi, Dean of Faculty of Letters, for their encouragement and support for our research to be issued as a publication of our university. We dedicate our work to our families who provided us with unconditional support.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    University of Tartu Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This volume is dedicated to the historiography and analysis of the present state of Estonian archaeology. Part I (articles by Valter Lang and Marge Konsa) provides a review of the general development of archaeological research in Estonia from the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century, focusing on institutional changes and advances in theoretical thinking and approaches. Part II includes articles by Aivar Kriiska, V. Lang, Andres Tvauri, Heiki Valk, Ain Mäesalu, Anton Pärn, Erki Russow and Arvi Haak on the previous research into the prehistoric and historical periods. In Part III, A. Tvauri and Mauri Kiudsoo discuss the formation and present situation of the archaeological and numismatic collections, and the establishment and development of archaeological heritage protection. Part IV discusses some more specific areas of research in Estonian archaeology, such as application of methods from the natural sciences in archaeology (A. Kriiska), settlement archaeology (V. Lang), underwater archaeology (Maili Roio), and connections between archaeology and oral tradition (H. Valk).
    Keywords: Estonian archaeology ; history of archaeology ; Hillfort ; Iron Age ; Low German ; Stone Age ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DT Eastern Europe::1DTE Estonia ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Springer Nature | A History of Force Feeding | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: It is the first monograph-length study of the force-feeding of hunger strikers in English, Irish and Northern Irish prisons. It examines ethical debates that arose throughout the twentieth century when governments authorised the force-feeding of imprisoned suffragettes, Irish republicans and convict prisoners. It also explores the fraught role of prison doctors called upon to perform the procedure. Since the Home Office first authorised force-feeding in 1909, a number of questions have been raised about the procedure. Is force-feeding safe? Can it kill? Are doctors who feed prisoners against their will abandoning the medical ethical norms of their profession? And do state bodies use prison doctors to help tackle political dissidence at times of political crisis?
    Keywords: force-feeding ; northern irish prisons ; hunger strikers ; irish prisons ; ethics ; prison doctors ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Open Book Publishers
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: "Forms of Life and Subjectivity: Rethinking Sartre’s Philosophy explores the fundamental question of why we act as we do. Informed by an ontological and phenomenological approach, and building mainly, but not exclusively, on the thought of Sartre, Daniel Rueda Garrido considers the concept of a ""form of life” as a term that bridges the gap between subjective identity and communities. This first systematic ontology of ""forms of life” seeks to understand why we act in certain ways, and why we cling to certain identities, such as nationalisms, social movements, cultural minorities, racism, or religion. The answer, as Rueda Garrido argues, depends on an understanding of ourselves as ""forms of life” that remains sensitive to the relationship between ontology and power, between what we want to be and what we ought to be. Structured in seven chapters, Rueda Garrido’s investigation yields illuminating and timely discussions of conversion, the constitution of subjectivity as an intersubjective self, the distinction between imitation and reproduction, the relationship between freedom and facticity, and the dialectical process by which two particular ways of being and acting enter into a situation of assimilation-resistance, as exemplified by capitalist and artistic forms of life. This ambitious and original work will be of great interest to scholars and students of philosophy, social sciences, cultural studies, psychology and anthropology. Its wide-ranging reflection on the human being and society will also appeal to the general reader of philosophy."
    Keywords: anthropology; art; capitalism; conversion; cultural studies; facticity; forms of life; freedom; identity; imitation; intersubjectivity; life; ontology; phenomenology; philosophy; power; psychology; reproduction; Sartre; social sciences; subjectivity; ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTJ Philosophy: metaphysics and ontology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHR Western philosophy from c 1800::QDHR5 Phenomenology and Existentialism
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Manchester University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Measuring difference, numbering normal provides a detailed study of the technological construction of disability by examining how the audiometer and spirometer were used to create numerical proxies for invisible and inarticulable experiences. Measurements, and their manipulation, have been underestimated as crucial historical forces motivating and guiding the way we think about disability. Using measurement technology as a lens, this book draws together several existing discussions on disability, healthcare, medical practice, embodiment and emerging medical and scientific technologies at the turn of the twentieth century. As such, this work connects several important and usually separate academic subject areas and historical specialisms. The standards embedded in instrumentation created strict but ultimately arbitrary thresholds of normalcy and abnormalcy. Considering these standards from a long historical perspective reveals how these dividing lines shifted when pushed. The central thesis of this book is that health measurements are given artificial authority if they are particularly amenable to calculability and easy measurement. These measurement processes were perpetuated and perfected in the interwar years in Britain as the previously invisible limits of the body were made visible and measurable. Determination to consider body processes as quantifiable was driven by the need to compensate for disability occasioned by warfare or industry. This focus thus draws attention to the biopower associated with systems, which has emerged as a central area of concern for modern healthcare in the second decade of the twenty-first century.
    Keywords: disability ; measurement ; normalcy ; quantification ; technology ; interwar ; classification ; standardisation ; history ; medical humanities ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Springer Nature | A History of Force Feeding | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: It is the first monograph-length study of the force-feeding of hunger strikers in English, Irish and Northern Irish prisons. It examines ethical debates that arose throughout the twentieth century when governments authorised the force-feeding of imprisoned suffragettes, Irish republicans and convict prisoners. It also explores the fraught role of prison doctors called upon to perform the procedure. Since the Home Office first authorised force-feeding in 1909, a number of questions have been raised about the procedure. Is force-feeding safe? Can it kill? Are doctors who feed prisoners against their will abandoning the medical ethical norms of their profession? And do state bodies use prison doctors to help tackle political dissidence at times of political crisis?
    Keywords: force-feeding ; northern irish prisons ; hunger strikers ; irish prisons ; ethics ; prison doctors ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Springer Nature | A History of Force Feeding | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: It is the first monograph-length study of the force-feeding of hunger strikers in English, Irish and Northern Irish prisons. It examines ethical debates that arose throughout the twentieth century when governments authorised the force-feeding of imprisoned suffragettes, Irish republicans and convict prisoners. It also explores the fraught role of prison doctors called upon to perform the procedure. Since the Home Office first authorised force-feeding in 1909, a number of questions have been raised about the procedure. Is force-feeding safe? Can it kill? Are doctors who feed prisoners against their will abandoning the medical ethical norms of their profession? And do state bodies use prison doctors to help tackle political dissidence at times of political crisis?
    Keywords: force-feeding ; northern irish prisons ; hunger strikers ; irish prisons ; ethics ; prison doctors ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: This open access book explores commentaries on an influential text of pre-Copernican astronomy in Europe. It features essays that take a close look at key intellectuals and how they engaged with the main ideas of this qualitative introduction to geocentric cosmology. Johannes de Sacrobosco compiled his Tractatus de sphaera during the thirteenth century in the frame of his teaching activities at the then recently founded University of Paris. It soon became a mandatory text all over Europe. As a result, a tradition of commentaries to the text was soon established and flourished until the second half of the 17th century. Here, readers will find an informative overview of these commentaries complete with a rich context. The essays explore the educational and social backgrounds of the writers. They also detail how their careers developed after the publication of their commentaries, the institutions and patrons they were affiliated with, what their agenda was, and whether and how they actually accomplished it. The editor of this collection considers these scientific commentaries as genuine scientific works. The contributors investigate them here not only in reference to the work on which it comments but also, and especially, as independent scientific contributions that are socially, institutionally, and intellectually contextualized around their authors.
    Keywords: History ; History ; Europe—History ; Mathematics ; History ; Books—History ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBX History of mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; Anatomy ; Autopsy ; Capital punishment ; Dissection ; Gallows ; Hanging ; London ; Surgeons' Hall ; Surgery ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Berghahn Books
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The distinction between basic and applied research was central to twentieth-century science and policymaking, and if this framework has been contested in recent years, it nonetheless remains ubiquitous in both scientific and public discourse. Employing a transnational, diachronic perspective informed by historical semantics, this volume traces the conceptual history of the basic–applied distinction from the nineteenth century to today, taking stock of European developments alongside comparative case studies from the United States and China. It shows how an older dichotomy of pure and applied science was reconceived in response to rapid scientific progress and then further transformed by the geopolitical circumstances of the postwar era.
    Keywords: History of Science & Technology ; History ; Political Science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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    Springer Nature | A History of Force Feeding | Negotiating bioethics | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: It is the first monograph-length study of the force-feeding of hunger strikers in English, Irish and Northern Irish prisons. It examines ethical debates that arose throughout the twentieth century when governments authorised the force-feeding of imprisoned suffragettes, Irish republicans and convict prisoners. It also explores the fraught role of prison doctors called upon to perform the procedure. Since the Home Office first authorised force-feeding in 1909, a number of questions have been raised about the procedure. Is force-feeding safe? Can it kill? Are doctors who feed prisoners against their will abandoning the medical ethical norms of their profession? And do state bodies use prison doctors to help tackle political dissidence at times of political crisis?
    Keywords: force-feeding ; northern irish prisons ; hunger strikers ; irish prisons ; ethics ; prison doctors ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This newest volume in the acclaimed Papers of Thomas A. Edison covers one year in the life of America's greatest inventor—1878. That year Edison, whom a New York newspaper in the spring first called "the Wizard of Menlo Park," developed the phonograph, one of his most famous inventions; made a breakthrough in the development of telephone transmitters, which made the instrument commercially viable; and announced the advent of domestic electric lighting, with only a few weeks' worth of tinkering necessary to complete its design (the announcement sent gas-company stocks plummeting; the research and development went on for four years).These inventions brought Edison financial support for his work and attention from the public. In January investors in the Edison Speaking Phonograph Company agreed to fund development work on the phonograph. The invention made Edison internationally famous and in May he traveled to Washington, D.C., to show the phonograph at the National Academy of Sciences, to Congress, and to President Rutherford B. Hayes at the White House. That same month Western Union agreed to pay Edison an annual salary of $6,000 for his telephone inventions, although other support from the company declined following the death of its president, William Orton. The stress of unceasing public attention, including a trans-Atlantic dispute over the question of who invented the microphone, led an exhausted Edison to travel west during the summer to witness a solar eclipse but also to seek rest. His six-week trip took him to San Francisco and the Yosemite region of California. Edison began working on electric lighting after his return and in October the Edison Electric Light Company was formed to support his research.
    Keywords: History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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    Springer Nature | A History of Force Feeding | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: It is the first monograph-length study of the force-feeding of hunger strikers in English, Irish and Northern Irish prisons. It examines ethical debates that arose throughout the twentieth century when governments authorised the force-feeding of imprisoned suffragettes, Irish republicans and convict prisoners. It also explores the fraught role of prison doctors called upon to perform the procedure. Since the Home Office first authorised force-feeding in 1909, a number of questions have been raised about the procedure. Is force-feeding safe? Can it kill? Are doctors who feed prisoners against their will abandoning the medical ethical norms of their profession? And do state bodies use prison doctors to help tackle political dissidence at times of political crisis?
    Keywords: force-feeding ; northern irish prisons ; hunger strikers ; irish prisons ; ethics ; prison doctors ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The Dutch seventeenth century, a ‘Golden Age’ ridden by intense ideological conflict, pioneered global trade, participatory politics and religious toleration. Its history is epitomized by the life and works of the brothers Johan (1622-1660) and Pieter de la Court (1618-1685), two successful textile entrepreneurs and radical republican theorists during the apex of Dutch primacy in world trade. This book explores the many facets of the brothers’ political thought, focusing on their ground-breaking argument that commerce forms the mainstay of republican politics. With a contextual analysis that highlights the interaction between thinking and acting, between intellectual and cultural history, the book reveals the international significance of this commercial republicanism and it proposes a novel, rhetorical approach to seventeenth-century Dutch political culture.
    Keywords: citizenship ; free speech ; political economy ; republicanism ; dutch golden age ; toleration ; free trade ; commerce ; rhetoric ; citizenship ; free speech ; political economy ; republicanism ; dutch golden age ; toleration ; free trade ; commerce ; rhetoric ; Leiden ; Pieter de la Court ; Thomas Hobbes ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access book demonstrates that, while occupation has been used to treat the mentally disordered since the early nineteenth century, approaches to its use have varied across different countries and in different time periods. Comparing how occupation was used in French and English mental institutions between 1918 and 1939, one hundred years after the heyday of moral therapy, the book is an essential read for those researching the history of mental health and medicine more generally. It provides an overview of the legislation, management structures and financial conditions that affected mental institutions in France and England, and contributed to their differing responses to the new theories of occupational therapy emerging from the USA and Germany during the interwar period.
    Keywords: Mental health ; Moral therapy ; History of psychiatry ; Psychology ; History of work ; Mental institutions ; Mental disorder ; Interwar period ; Neurology ; Occupational therapy ; Medical history ; Patient ; France ; England ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Dissecting the Criminal Corpse | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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    Bloomsbury Academic | Bloomsbury Academic
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access bookA Cultural History of Chemistry in Antiquity covers the period from 3000 BCE to 600 CE, ranging across the civilizations of the Mediterranean and Near East. Over this long period, chemical artisans, recipes, and ideas were exchanged between Mesopotamia, Egypt, Phoenicia, Greece, Rome, and Byzantium. The flowering of alchemy in the Middle and Early Modern Ages had its roots in the chemical arts of antiquity. This study presents the first synthesis of this epoch, examining the centrality of intense exchange and interconnectivity to the discovery and development of sources, techniques, materials, and instruments. The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Chemistry presents the first comprehensive history from the Bronze Age to today, covering all forms and aspects of chemistry and its ever-changing social context. The themes covered in each volume are theory and concepts; practice and experiment; laboratories and technology; culture and science; society and environment; trade and industry; learning and institutions; art and representation. Marco Beretta is Professor of History of Science at the University of Bologna, Italy. Volume 1 in the Cultural History of Chemistry set. General Editors: Peter J. T. Morris, University College London, UK, and Alan Rocke, Case Western Reserve University, USA. The open access edition of this book is available under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license on www.bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by the European Research Council.
    Keywords: Social and cultural history ; History of engineering and technology ; Social and cultural anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
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    UCL Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Histories of Technology, the Environment and Modern Britain brings together historians with a wide range of interests to take a uniquely wide-lens view of how technology and the environment have been intimately and irreversibly entangled in Britain over the last 300 years. It combines, for the first time, two perspectives with much to say about Britain since the industrial revolution: the history of technology and environmental history. Technologies are modified environments, just as nature is to varying extents engineered. Furthermore, technologies and our living and non-living environment are both predominant material forms of organisation – and self-organisation – that surround and make us. Both have changed over time, in intersecting ways. Technologies discussed in the collection include bulldozers, submarine cables, automobiles, flood barriers, medical devices, museum displays and biotechnologies. Environments investigated include bogs, cities, farms, places of natural beauty and pollution, land and sea. The book explores this diversity but also offers an integrated framework for understanding these intersections.
    Keywords: british history ; technology ; environmental history ; environment ; Asbestos ; Bulldozer ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DD Western Europe::1DDU United Kingdom, Great Britain ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999::3MPQM c 1950 to c 1959 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999::3MPQS c 1960 to c 1969 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999::3MPQV c 1970 to c 1979 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999::3MPQX c 1980 to c 1989 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPQ Later 20th century c 1950 to c 1999::3MPQZ c 1990 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MR 21st century, c 2000 to c 2100 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies::JBCC9 History of ideas ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::2 Language qualifiers::2A Indo-European languages::2AC Germanic and Scandinavian languages::2ACB English ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3ML 18th century, c 1700 to c 1799 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MN 19th century, c 1800 to c 1899 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBA c 1900 to c 1909 ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBF c 1910 to c 1919::3MPBFB c 1914 to c 1918 (World War One period) ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBG c 1919 to c 1939 (Inter-war period) ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period)
    Language: English
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This book approaches its topic from three angles: diachronic semantics, a panorama of science and scientific writing in Latin from antiquity up to the present, and linguistic forays that try to demarcate scientific Latin from other registers and to identify groups of different language use among the authors introduced in the panorama. The transition of science from Greek through Latin to the modern vernaculars is especially emphasised.
    Keywords: Latin Science ; Semantics of Science ; Corpus Linguistics ; Languages of Science ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFF Historical and comparative linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFX Computational and corpus linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBB Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTZ General studies and General knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: How early twentieth century fumigation technologies transformed maritime quarantine practices and inspired utopian visions of disease-free global trade. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, fumigation technologies transformed global practices of maritime quarantine through chemical and engineering innovation. One of these technologies, the widely used Clayton machine, blasted sulphuric acid gas through a docked ship in an effort to eliminate pathogens, insects, and rats while leaving the cargo and the structure of the vessel unharmed, shortening its time in quarantine and minimizing the risk of importing infectious diseases. In Sulphuric Utopias, Lukas Engelmann and Christos Lynteris examine this overlooked but historically crucial practice at the intersection of epidemiology, hygiene, applied chemistry, and engineering. They show how maritime fumigation inspired utopian visions of disease-free trade to improve global shipping and to encourage universally applicable standards of sanitation and hygiene. Engelmann and Lynteris chart the history of ideas about fumigation, disinfection, and quarantine, and chronicle the development of the Clayton machine in 1880s New Orleans. Built by the Louisiana Board of Health and adapted and patented by Thomas Clayton, the machine offered a barrier against bacteria and pests and enabled a highway to global trade. Engelmann and Lynteris chronicle the Clayton machine's success and examine its competitors, including carbon-based fumigation methods in Germany and the Ottoman Empire as well as the “Sulfurozador” in Argentina. They follow the international standardization of maritime fumigation and explore the Clayton machine's decline after World War I, when visions of “sulphuric utopia” were replaced by a pragmatic acknowledgment of epidemiological complexity.
    Keywords: quarantine ; shipping ; disinfection ; plague ; yellow fever ; disease ; cholera ; hygiene ; syphilis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTM Maritime history
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    Springer Nature | Dissecting the Criminal Corpse | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This book provides a reading of Newton’s argument for universal gravity that is focused on the evidence-based, "experimental" reasoning that Newton associates with his program of experimental philosophy. It highlights the richness and complexity of the Principia and also draws important lessons about how to situate Newton in his natural philosophical context. The book has two primary objectives. First, it defends a novel interpretation of the third of Newton’s four Rules for the Study of Natural Philosophy – what the author terms the Two-Set Reading of Rule 3. Second, it argues that this novel interpretation of Rule 3 sheds additional light on the differences between Newton’s experimental philosophy and Descartes’s "hypothetical philosophy," and that it also illuminates how the practice of experimental philosophy allowed Newton to make a universal force of gravity the centerpiece of his explanation of the system of the world. Newton’s Third Rule and the Experimental Argument for Universal Gravity will be of interest to researchers and advanced students working on Newton’s natural philosophy, early modern philosophy, and the history of science.
    Keywords: Descartes ; early modern experimental philosophy ; hypothetical philosophy ; Isaac Newton ; Mary Domski ; one-set reading ; Principia ; third rule ; two-set reading ; universal gravity ; universal qualities ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPC History of Western philosophy::HPCF Western philosophy, from c 1900 - ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHR Western philosophy from c 1800 ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book is open access under a CC BY license and explores the under-researched history of male mental illness from the mid-twentieth century. It argues that statistics suggesting women have been more vulnerable to depression and anxiety are misleading since they underplay a host of alternative presentations of 'distress' more common in men.
    Keywords: History of Science ; Social History ; History of Britain and Ireland ; Modern History ; Psychotherapy ; Gender Studies ; Mental illness ; gender ; masculinity ; psychosomatic illness ; alcoholism ; suicide ; general practice ; history ; alcohol ; anxiety ; coping ; depression ; health ; pharmacology ; stress ; women ; History of science ; Social & cultural history ; European history ; History ; Clinical psychology ; Gender studies, gender groups ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKM Clinical psychology::MKMT Psychotherapy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSF Gender studies, gender groups
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    Springer Nature | Dissecting the Criminal Corpse | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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    Manchester University Press | Manchester University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This study explores the practice of scientific enquiry as it took place in the eighteenth-century home. While histories of science have identified the genteel household as an important site for scientific experiment, they have tended to do so via biographies of important men of science. Using a wide range of historical source material, from household accounts and inventories to letters and print culture, this book investigates the tools within reach of early modern householders in their search for knowledge. It considers the under-explored question of the home as a site of knowledge production and does so by viewing scientific enquiry as one of many interrelated domestic practices. It shows that knowledge production and consumption were necessary facets of domestic life and that the eighteenth-century home generated practices that were integral to ‘Enlightenment’ enquiry.
    Keywords: History ; Modern ; 18th Century ; Science ; History ; Europe ; Great Britain ; Georgian Era (1714-1837) ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book on the history of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory covers the scientific discoveries and technical innovations of late 20th century radio astronomy with particular attention to the people and institutions involved. The authors have made extensive use of the NRAO Archives, which contain an unparalleled collection of documents pertaining to the history of radio astronomy, including the institutional records of NRAO as well as the personal papers of many of the pioneers of U.S. radio astronomy. Technical details and extensive citations to original sources are given in notes for the more technical readers, but are not required for an understanding of the body of the book. This book is intended for an audience ranging from interested lay readers to professional researchers studying the scientific, technical, political, and cultural development of a new science, and how it changed the course of 20th century astronomy.
    Keywords: Astronomy, Observations and Techniques ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics ; History of Science ; Philosophical Foundations of Physics and Astronomy ; Radio Astronomy in the USA ; NRAO ; Radio astronomers ; SETI ; Search for extraterrestrial intelligence ; Radio astronomy politics and culture ; Radio telescope construction ; open access ; Astronomy, space & time ; History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book provides a historical treatment of scientific control in experimentation in the longue durée. The introduction distinguishes four related strands in the history of experimental control: the development of practices to stabilize experimental conditions; the career of the comparative design; the unfolding of methodological discussions about control practices and designs; and the history of the term “control”. Each chapter brings these distinctions to bear on specific historical episodes. The focus is on experiments with complex, elusive phenomena such as perception and learning, irregular movements, and unobservable elements. Such experiments bring control issues to the fore because they are difficult to design and stabilize and often controversial. Together, the chapters show that the local context shapes what exactly is controlled, how control can be accomplished, and how controls are justified. They also show that control strategies and methodological ideas often remain stable for a long time and change only gradually. This book, as well as the volume on analysis and synthesis in experimentation by the same editors, contains contributions by an array of experts from multiple disciplines, making it suitable for historians and philosophers of science and students alike.
    Keywords: Control experiment ; History of experimental practice ; History of life sciences ; History of physical sciences ; History of philosophy of science ; visions on experimentation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBX History of mathematics
    Language: English
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    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Gretchen Krueger's poignant narrative explores how doctors, families, and the public interpreted the experience of childhood cancer from the 1930s through the 1970s. Pairing the transformation of childhood cancer from killer to curable disease with the personal experiences of young patients and their families, Krueger illuminates the twin realities of hope and suffering. In this social history, each decade follows a family whose experience touches on key themes: possible causes, means and timing of detection, the search for curative treatment, the merit of alternative treatments, the decisions to pursue or halt therapy, the side effects of treatment, death and dying—and cure. Recounting the complex and sometimes contentious interactions among the families of children with cancer, medical researchers, physicians, advocacy organizations, the media, and policy makers, Krueger reveals that personal odyssey and clinical challenge are the simultaneous realities of childhood cancer. This engaging study will be of interest to historians, medical practitioners and researchers, and people whose lives have been altered by cancer.
    Keywords: History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Purdue University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Author Diann Jordan took a journey to find out what inspired and daunted black women in their desire to become scientists in America. Letting 18 prominent black women scientists talk for themselves, Sisters in Science becomes an oral history stretching across decades and disciplines and desires. From Yvonne Clark, the first black woman to be awarded a B.S. in mechanical engineering to Georgia Dunston, a microbiologist who is researching the genetic code for her race, to Shirley Jackson, whose aspiration led to the presidency of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Jordan has created a significant record of women who persevered to become firsts in many of their fields. It all began for Jordan when she was asked to give a presentation on black women scientists. She found little information and little help. After almost nine years of work, the stories of black women scientists can finally be told.
    Keywords: History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: How the tools of STS can be used to understand art and science and the practices of these knowledge-making communities. In Art, Science, and the Politics of Knowledge, Hannah Star Rogers suggests that art and science are not as different from each other as we might assume. She shows how the tools of science and technology studies (STS) can be applied to artistic practice, offering new ways of thinking about people and objects that have largely fallen outside the scope of STS research. Arguing that the categories of art and science are labels with specific powers to order social worlds—and that art and science are best understood as networks that produce knowledge—Rogers shows, through a series of cases, the similarities and overlapping practices of these knowledge communities. The cases, which range from nineteenth-century artisans to contemporary bioartists, illustrate how art can provide the basis for a new subdiscipline called art, science, and technology studies (ASTS), offering hybrid tools for investigating art–science collaborations. Rogers's subjects include the work of father and son glassblowers, the Blaschkas, whose glass models, produced in the nineteenth century for use in biological classification, are now displayed as works of art; the physics photographs of documentary photographer Berenice Abbott; and a bioart lab that produces work functioning as both artwork and scientific output. Finally, Rogers, an STS scholar and contemporary art–science curator, draws on her own work to consider the concept of curation as a form of critical analysis.
    Keywords: History of science ; History of art ; Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AG The Arts: treatments and subjects::AGA History of art ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MN 19th century, c 1800 to c 1899 ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Places Ellis at the heart of early-Victorian Cambridge with in-depth descriptions on his scientific work and tragic life Provides a unique glimpse into Victorian intellectual culture, based on previously unpublished archival materials This open access book brings together for the first time all aspects of the tragic life and fascinating work of the polymath Robert Leslie Ellis (1817–1859), placing him at the heart of early-Victorian intellectual culture. Written by a diverse team of experts, the chapters in the book’s first part contain in-depth examinations of, among other things, Ellis’s family, education, Bacon scholarship and mathematical contributions. The second part consists of annotated transcriptions of a selection of Ellis’s diaries and correspondence. Taken together, A Prodigy of Universal Genius: Robert Leslie Ellis, 1817–1859 is a rich resource for historians of science, historians of mathematics and Victorian scholars alike. Robert Leslie Ellis was one of the most intriguing and wide-ranging intellectual figures of early Victorian Britain, his contributions ranging from advanced mathematical analysis to profound commentaries on philosophy and classics and a decisive role in the orientation of mid-nineteenth century scholarship. This very welcome collection offers both new and authoritative commentaries on the work, setting it in the context of the mathematical, philosophical and cultural milieux of the period, together with fascinating passages from the wealth of unpublished papers Ellis composed during his brief and brilliant career. - Simon Schaffer, Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge
    Keywords: Robert Leslie Ellis ; the Cambridge network ; mathematical education ; William Whewell ; history of science in Britain ; the history of ideas ; early-Victorian Cambridge ; history of mathematical sciences ; Victorian intellectual culture ; life of Robert Leslie Ellis ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPC History of Western philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PB Mathematics::PBX History of mathematics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBX History of mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies
    Language: English
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This volume explores the complexity, diversity and interwoven nature of taxonomic pursuits within the context of explorations of humans and related species. It also pays tribute to Professor Colin Groves, whose work has had an enormous impact on this field. Recent research into that somewhat unique species we call humankind, through the theoretical and conceptual approaches afforded by the discipline of biological anthropology, is showcased. The focus is on the evolution of the human species, the behaviour of primates and other species, and how humans affect the distribution and abundance of other species through anthropogenic impact. Weaving together these three key themes, through the considerable influence of Colin Groves, provides glimpses of how changes in taxonomic theory and methodology, including our fluctuating understanding of speciation, have recrafted the way in which we view animal behaviour, human evolution and conservation studies.
    Keywords: Biological Sciences ; History of Science & Technology ; Anthropology ; Zoology ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest::WNCF Wildlife: mammals: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences::PSVM Zoology: mammals (mammalogy) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAB Taxonomy and systematics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology
    Language: English
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    Arc Humanities Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Military history; Ecological history; war and the environment; Natural barriers in history; wildlife protection, mosasaur; premodern environmentalism
    Keywords: Military history; Ecological history; war and the environment; Natural barriers in history; wildlife protection, mosasaur; premodern environmentalism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3K CE period up to c 1500 ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology::NKP Environmental archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTP Historical geography
    Language: English
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: "Scientists, engineers, and a free-choice society is a book about control, largely the governing of children and young people in Sweden and the efforts made to persuade them to choose careers—and identities—in science and technology in the period 1950–2000. It is very much part of an interdisciplinary research tradition in which perspectives taken from the history of science and education are combined with theories from the field of governmentality studies. The book begins by describing a new societal problem that confronted Sweden, like so many other Western countries, in the immediate post-war years, namely a lack of engineers and scientists. The period from the outbreak of the Second World War to the mid fifties saw a new appreciation for scientific research and its application in both the military and civilian sectors. With the reconstruction of Europe and the Marshall Plan at its height in the fifties, technology and science became gradually associated with rising industrial productivity and with economic growth in general. By the sixties this had left national employment policy with some markedly pronounced objectives. By the end of the decade, it was obvious that the determination to increase student numbers in science and engineering ran contrary to other political ambitions, and did not sit well with the right of the individual to freedom of choice in education. The attempt to respect people’s autonomy while at the same time enabling more of them study these particular disciplines shaped a distinct set of strategies that made up the ‘positive exercise of power’—what might also be called liberal governing—in which the main idea was to encourage students to come to science and engineering of their own free will. The book goes on to demonstrate how this strategy of governing through individual autonomy would result in a series of specific measures in the seventies and on, including changes to the curricula and teaching materials, which were matched by activities outside the traditional bounds of learning such as a travelling science shows, advertising campaigns, and the construction of science and technology centres. The book also spells out the sheer reach of this recruitment policy. Many leading figures in Sweden set out to encourage people to become scientists and engineers—these were voices heard not only from government quarters, but also from industry and special interest groups. Scientists, engineers and a free-choice society does not set out to answer the question of how best to set about attracting young people into science and technology; rather, it is concerned with how that question has been answered by others, and what impact their responses have had on power relations between society and the individual, and indeed on the place of science and engineering education in the present.
    Description: Naturvetarna, ingenjörerna och valfrihetens samhälle handlar om styrning av framförallt barn och ungdomar i Sverige till att välja naturvetenskap och teknik som utbildning, yrke och identitet mellan åren 1950–2000. Ämnesmässigt befinner sig texten i en tvärvetenskaplig forskningstradition där perspektiv från vetenskapshistoria och utbildningshistoria används tillsammans med teoretisk inspiration från fältet governmentality studies. I boken beskrivs inledningsvis framväxten av en ny samhällelig problembild i Sverige och övriga västvärlden under tidig efterkrigstid, nämligen bristen på ingenjörer och naturvetare. Den period som sträckte sig från andra världskriget krigets utbrott till 1950-­?talets mitt hade sett en ny värdering av vetenskaplig forskning och tillämpning, både från de militära och civila delarna av samhället. I samband med återuppbyggnaden av Europa och den pågående Marshallhjälpen sammankopplades teknik och naturvetenskap alltmer med ökad industriell produktivitet men också med ekonomisk tillväxt. Ovanstående utveckling ledde under 1960-­?talet till att rekryteringspolitiska målsättningar uttalades allt starkare. I slutet av decenniet blev det uppenbart att viljan att höja antalet studerande i teknik och naturvetenskap kom att kollidera med andra utbildningspolitiska ambitioner, framförallt den om individens rätt till ett fritt val av utbildning. I försöken att på samma gång respektera detta självbestämmande och samtidigt skapa fler studerande inom de ovan nämnda disciplinerna växte strategier fram i formen av ett slags ”positiv maktutövning” – vad som också kallas liberalt styre – där den bärande idén var att förmå elever att söka sig till naturvetenskap och teknik av sin egen fria vilja. Boken ger fortsättningsvis prov på hur denna strategi att styra genom individens autonomi frambringade en rad olika specifika påverkanssåtgärder från 1970-­?talet och framåt. Bland dessa återfinns förändrade kursplaner och läromedel, men också insatser utanför den traditionella läromiljön, såsom kringresande vetenskapsshower, reklamkampanjer och uppförandet av teknik-­? och vetenskapscentra. Vad som också framträder i boken är rekryteringspolitikens bredd. Många aktörer i samhället verkade för fler naturvetare och ingenjörer – inte endast på myndighetsnivå utan även inom näringsliv och bland enskilda intresseorganisationer. Naturvetarna, ingenjörerna och valfrihetens samhälle ger inga svar inte på hur fler ungdomar skall förmås bli intresserade av naturvetenskap och teknik. Snarare handlar boken om hur den frågan besvarats av andra och vilka konsekvenser detta har fått för uppkomsten av nya maktrelationer mellan samhälle och individ, men också för de naturvetenskapliga och tekniska utbildningarnas positioner i samtiden."
    Keywords: freedom of choice ; recruitment ; vocational guidance ; education policies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPH Political structure and processes ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes
    Language: Swedish
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    Springer Nature | Dissecting the Criminal Corpse | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: This open access book studies breath and breathing in literature and culture and provides crucial insights into the history of medicine, health and the emotions, the foundations of beliefs concerning body, spirit and world, the connections between breath and creativity and the phenomenology of breath and breathlessness. Contributions span the classical, medieval, early modern, Romantic, Victorian, modern and contemporary periods, drawing on medical writings, philosophy, theology and the visual arts as well as on literary, historical and cultural studies. The collection illustrates the complex significance and symbolic power of breath and breathlessness across time: breath is written deeply into ideas of nature, spirituality, emotion, creativity and being, and is inextricable from notions of consciousness, spirit, inspiration, voice, feeling, freedom and movement. The volume also demonstrates the long-standing connections between breath and place, politics and aesthetics, illuminating both contrasts and continuities.
    Keywords: health humanities ; medical humanities ; breath in literature ; COPD ; breathlessness ; literature and science ; Open Access ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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  • 46
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: This open access book demonstrates that despite different epistemological starting points, history and speculative fiction perform similar work in “making the strange familiar” and “making the familiar strange” by taking their readers on journeys through space and time. Excellent history, like excellent speculative fiction, should cause readers to reconsider crucial aspects of their society that they normally overlook or lead them to reflect on radically different forms of social organization. Drawing on Gunlög Fur’s postcolonial concept of concurrences, and with contributions that explore diverse examples of speculative fiction and historical encounters using a variety of disciplinary approaches, this volume provides new perspectives on colonialism, ecological destruction, the nature of humanity, and how to envision a better future.
    Keywords: Science Fiction ; speculative fiction ; historical fiction ; postcolonialism ; Literature and Postcolonial Studies ; alternative realities ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history
    Language: English
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    mediastudies.press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Before arriving in the field of communication, Larry Gross was a psychology student at Brandeis University; Creativity: Process and Personality was Gross’s undergraduate thesis at Brandeis, completed in 1964. This mediastudies.press edition is the initial publication of that undergraduate thesis, with a new preface by Gross himself. Creativity: Process and Personality finds Gross exploring the nature of creativity by interviewing some of the era’s most noteworthy experts in psychology, including Herbert Simon, Milton Rokeach, Abraham Maslow, David McClelland, Jerome Bruner, and B. F. Skinner. The result of Gross’s interviews is a nuanced and multi-perspectival set of interlocking chapters, each of which probes the psychological, social, and cultural aspects of creativity. Creativity: Process and Personality remains a provocative consideration of how creativity takes form, while also operating as a revealing snapshot of mid-twentieth century psychological thought.
    Keywords: Cognition and cognitive psychology;Psychology;Psychology: the self, ego, identity, personality ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMA Psychological theory & schools of thought::JMAN Humanistic psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMS The self, ego, identity, personality ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMA Psychological theory, systems, schools and viewpoints::JMAN Humanistic psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMS Psychology: the self, ego, identity, personality ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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  • 48
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: History of Science and Technology, Intellectual History, Medieval History, Religious History, Social and Cultural History, World/International History
    Keywords: History of Science and Technology, Intellectual History, Medieval History, Religious History, Social and Cultural History, World/International History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHG Middle Eastern history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTM Regional / International studies
    Language: English
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  • 49
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    Springer Nature | Birkhäuser
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book collects the historical and medial perspectives of a systematic and epistemological analysis of the complicated, multifaceted relationship between model and mathematics, ranging from, for example, the physical mathematical models of the 19th century to the simulation and digital modelling of the 21st century. The aim of this anthology is to showcase the status of the mathematical model between abstraction and realization, presentation and representation, what is modeled and what models. This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. ; Open Access
    Keywords: history of mathematics: 19th to the 21st century ; mathematical model ; model theory ; mathematization of nature ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBX History of mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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  • 50
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    Springer Nature | Dissecting the Criminal Corpse | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | A History of Force Feeding | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: It is the first monograph-length study of the force-feeding of hunger strikers in English, Irish and Northern Irish prisons. It examines ethical debates that arose throughout the twentieth century when governments authorised the force-feeding of imprisoned suffragettes, Irish republicans and convict prisoners. It also explores the fraught role of prison doctors called upon to perform the procedure. Since the Home Office first authorised force-feeding in 1909, a number of questions have been raised about the procedure. Is force-feeding safe? Can it kill? Are doctors who feed prisoners against their will abandoning the medical ethical norms of their profession? And do state bodies use prison doctors to help tackle political dissidence at times of political crisis?
    Keywords: force-feeding ; northern irish prisons ; hunger strikers ; irish prisons ; ethics ; prison doctors ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book presents a new translation, interpretation and analysis of selected passages from the so-called Mohist Canon, a Chinese text from ca. 300 BCE, and discusses the role of the text in the world history of science, arguing that it represents an early emergence of theoretical, systematized knowledge that is independent from parallel developments in ancient Greece. It is aimed at historians of science, of knowledge and of philosophy, and generally at readers interested in these topics from an intercultural perspective and particularly with respect to China.
    Keywords: Chinese science ; Mohism ; Mohist Canon ; Epistemological foundations ; Spatial and temporal paradoxes ; Corporeal extension ; Theoretical reflection ; Schemmel on Mohist ; Chinese philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This open access book is the culmination of many years of research on what happened to the bodies of executed criminals in the past. Focusing on the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, it looks at the consequences of the 1752 Murder Act. These criminal bodies had a crucial role in the history of medicine, and the history of crime, and great symbolic resonance in literature and popular culture. Starting with a consideration of the criminal corpse in the medieval and early modern periods, chapters go on to review the histories of criminal justice, of medical history and of gibbeting under the Murder Act, and ends with some discussion of the afterlives of the corpse, in literature, folklore and in contemporary medical ethics. Using sophisticated insights from cultural history, archaeology, literature, philosophy and ethics as well as medical and crime history, this book is a uniquely interdisciplinary take on a fascinating historical phenomenon.
    Keywords: History ; Great Britain—History ; History ; Crime—Sociological aspects ; Historical sociology ; Social history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKV Crime and criminology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book is the biography of one of Britain’s foremost animal welfare campaigners and of the world of activism, science, and politics she inhabited. In 1964, Ruth Harrison’s bestseller Animal Machines triggered a gear change in modern animal protection by popularising the term ‘factory farming’ alongside a new way of thinking about animal welfare. Here, historian Claas Kirchhelle explores Harrison’s avant-garde upbringing, Quakerism, and how animal welfare debates were linked to concerns about the wider ethical and environmental trajectories of post-war Britain. Breaking the myth of Harrison as a one-hit wonder, Kirchhelle reconstructs Harrison’s 46 years of campaigning and the rapid transformation of welfare politics and science during this time. Exacerbated by Harrison’s own actions, the decades after 1964 saw a polarisation of animal politics, a professionalisation of British activism, and the rise of a new animal welfare science. Harrison’s belief in incremental reform allowed her to form ties to leading scientists but alienated her from more radical campaigners. Many of her 1964 demands gradually became part of mainstream politics. However, farm animal welfare’s increasing marketisation has also led to a relative divorce from the wider agenda of social improvement that Harrison once bore witness to. This is the first book to cast light on the interlinked histories of British farm animal welfare activism, science, and legislation. Its unique scope allows it to go beyond existing accounts of modern British animal welfare and will be of interest to those interested in animal welfare, environmentalism, and the behavioural sciences.
    Keywords: History of Science ; Animal Welfare/Animal Ethics ; History of Medicine ; History of Britain and Ireland ; Social History ; Animal Ethics ; Animal Machines ; UK government ; Brambell Committee ; Campaign ; Factory farms ; Veterinary science ; Animal psychology ; Animal emotions ; Farming standards ; Agricultural legislation ; Farm Animal Care Trust (FACT) ; Animal welfare post-Brexit ; Political debate ; Environmentalism ; Open Access ; Veterinary medicine ; Bioethics ; European history ; Social & cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MZ Veterinary medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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    Brill | BRILL
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The book analyses from a comparative perspective the exploration of territories, the histories of their inhabitants and local natural environments, covering different regions in Europe, the Americas and Asia, during the long eighteenth century. ; Readership: Institutes, scholars, students, academic libraries interested in Early Modern and Modern History, Postcolonial Studies, Latin American Studies, European Studies, History of Science, History of Medicine; Knowledge History; Social History; Rural History; Environmental Studies.
    Keywords: Science ; History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This open access book chronicles the rise of a new scientific paradigm offering novel insights into the age-old enigmas of existence. Over 300 years ago, the human mind discovered the machine code of reality: mathematics. By utilizing abstract thought systems, humans began to decode the workings of the cosmos. From this understanding, the current scientific paradigm emerged, ultimately discovering the gift of technology. Today, however, our island of knowledge is surrounded by ever longer shores of ignorance. Science appears to have hit a dead end when confronted with the nature of reality and consciousness. In this fascinating and accessible volume, James Glattfelder explores a radical paradigm shift uncovering the ontology of reality. It is found to be information-theoretic and participatory, yielding a computational and programmable universe.
    Keywords: Popular works ; Physics ; Epistemology ; Physics ; Statistical physics ; Dynamical systems ; Philosophy and science ; Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDX Popular philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDZ Popular science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHS Statistical physics ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDX Popular philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDZ Popular science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHS Statistical physics
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | A History of Force Feeding | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: It is the first monograph-length study of the force-feeding of hunger strikers in English, Irish and Northern Irish prisons. It examines ethical debates that arose throughout the twentieth century when governments authorised the force-feeding of imprisoned suffragettes, Irish republicans and convict prisoners. It also explores the fraught role of prison doctors called upon to perform the procedure. Since the Home Office first authorised force-feeding in 1909, a number of questions have been raised about the procedure. Is force-feeding safe? Can it kill? Are doctors who feed prisoners against their will abandoning the medical ethical norms of their profession? And do state bodies use prison doctors to help tackle political dissidence at times of political crisis?
    Keywords: force-feeding ; northern irish prisons ; hunger strikers ; irish prisons ; ethics ; prison doctors ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Brill | Brill
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Compound Histories: Materials, Governance and Production, 1760-1840 explores the intertwined realms of production, governance and materials, placing chemists and chemistry at the center of processes most closely identified with the construction of the modern world. Readership: All interested in European history since the mid-eighteenth century, and anyone interested in the history of industrialization, science, technology, modernization, political economy, environmental history, materials and governance.
    Keywords: History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Kriterium
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This book highlights the diverse roles of the humanities in the history of the Swedish welfare society. This society has often been seen as dominated by an instrumental view of knowledge that rewarded the social sciences, natural sciences and technology, but the contributions in this book show the significant role that the humanities played in the Swedish welfare state. Various forms of humanistic knowledge and knowledge actors were part of large networks and left a clear mark on the public sphere and society at large. A narrative of the marginalization and crisis of the humanities in the postwar period must therefore be problematized. This edited volume brings together some twenty scholars from a number of humanities disciplines (history, history of ideas, media history, literary studies, archaeology, education, etc.). Much of the current research on the history of the humanities conducted in Sweden today is brought together here and put in relation to international discussions in fields such as history of humanities, history of knowledge, etc. The book is a sibling to the monograph Humanister i offentligheten, which was published in 2022.
    Keywords: The humanities; Public sphere; History of knowledge; Knowledge; History ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AK Design, Industrial and commercial arts, illustration::AKH Book design and Bookbinding ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture::AMX History of architecture ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHA History: theory and methods ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3K CE period up to c 1500
    Language: Swedish
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This book is about how we make choices. Drawing together evidence from 21st century chemistry to Victorian politics, enlightenment philosophy, Roman drama and beyond, it is a compelling hunt for the nature of free will.
    Keywords: 21st century ; Age of Enlightenment ; drama ; drawing ; enlightenment ; free will ; memory ; nature ; philosophy ; physics ; politics ; prose ; style ; Victorian era ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPM Philosophy of mind ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDZ Popular science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTM Philosophy of mind ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDZ Popular science
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This chapter traces cross-communal interactions in the fields of medicine, mathematics and what the historical actors called the natural sciences. It discusses various modern interpretations of those interactions and engages with a number of historical problems researchers face when studying the extant sources. After a substantive survey of the current state of research, the chapter addresses four areas which offer fascinating evidence for interactions between scholars adhering to different faith communities: textual practices; teaching; patronage; workplaces. The chapter ends by suggesting future research directions.
    Keywords: History of Science and Technology, Intellectual History, Medieval History, Religious History, Social and Cultural History, World/International History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHG Middle Eastern history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTM Regional / International studies
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This groundbreaking, open access volume analyses and compares data practices across several fields through the analysis of specific cases of data journeys. It brings together leading scholars in the philosophy, history and social studies of science to achieve two goals: tracking the travel of data across different spaces, times and domains of research practice; and documenting how such journeys affect the use of data as evidence and the knowledge being produced. The volume captures the opportunities, challenges and concerns involved in making data move from the sites in which they are originally produced to sites where they can be integrated with other data, analysed and re-used for a variety of purposes. The in-depth study of data journeys provides the necessary ground to examine disciplinary, geographical and historical differences and similarities in data management, processing and interpretation, thus identifying the key conditions of possibility for the widespread data sharing associated with Big and Open Data. The chapters are ordered in sections that broadly correspond to different stages of the journeys of data, from their generation to the legitimisation of their use for specific purposes. Additionally, the preface to the volume provides a variety of alternative “roadmaps” aimed to serve the different interests and entry points of readers; and the introduction provides a substantive overview of what data journeys can teach about the methods and epistemology of research.
    Keywords: Philosophy of Science ; History of Science ; Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Big Data ; Data Epistemology ; Data Ethics ; Data Science ; Epistemology of Science ; Social Studies of Data ; Social Studies of Science ; Data Collection, Preparation and Reporting ; Data at the Large Hadron Collider ; Data Journeys in Medical Case Reports ; Data Ordering and Visualization ; Clustering Practices in Plant Phenomics ; Databases in Systems Biology ; Data access, Dissemination and Quality Assessment ; Methods for Climate Data Processing ; Data Journeys in Pharmaceutical Regulation ; Data Mixes in Big Data Linkage Practice ; Radiocarbon Dating and Robustness Reasoning in Archaeology ; Data from Objects to Assets ; Open Access ; Philosophy of science ; History of science ; Interdisciplinary studies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This book is a “big history” of the evidence regarding how we came to be. It briefly explores philosophical thought and how our past might affect our future. The text summarizes different perspectives, including the strengths and weaknesses of each. The genesis of our planet is explored, especially the circumstances that must exist for complex life to arise. This brief journey highlights the history of life, the emergence of simple lifeforms, and the evolution of complex creatures, including humans. The book concludes with a discussion of why other humanoids went extinct while our species achieved dominance. The author speculates on potentialities awaiting humankind and our planet.
    Keywords: Big History, Emergent Conditions, Evolution of Complexity, Origin of Life ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVG Geophysics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This book provides the first comprehensive historical account of the evolution of scientific traditions in astronomy, astrophysics, and the space sciences within the Max Planck Society. Structured with in-depth archival research, interviews with protagonists, unpublished photographs, and an extensive bibliography, it follows a unique history: from the post-war relaunch of physical sciences in West Germany, to the spectacular developments and successes of cosmic sciences in the second half of the 20th century, up to the emergence of multi-messenger astronomy. It reveals how the Society acquired national and international acclaim in becoming one of the world’s most productive research organizations in these fields.
    Keywords: MPG ; space ; space sciences ; astrosciences ; astronomy ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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    Kriterium
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: It is well known that Sweden once had a state institute for racial biology, as well as that extensive racial research was conducted in Sweden during the first decades of the 20th century. But what actually happened to Swedish race research after the 1930s - did it just disappear? In The science that disappeared? historian Martin Ericsson conducts the first systematic survey of Swedish race research from the mid-1930s to the early 1970s. It is a story of a racial science that survived the horrors of World War II and endured longer than we might like to believe as criticism grew in the post-war period. And about the Norwegian Institute for Racial Biology, which was never shut down, but lived on in a different form and under a different name. Ericsson shows that there was not a single Swedish racial research tradition, but two. One was based on the first director of the Institute of Racial Biology, Herman Lundborg, and had clear connections to Nazism and other extreme right-wing movements. The second can be said to be based on Lundborg's successor Gunnar Dahlberg and was instead anti-Nazi and in some cases even anti-racist. But both traditions agreed that there were different human races and that it made sense to try to measure differences between them. By following the Swedish race research until the end of the 20th century, the book also raises important questions about our own time and its interest in ""origin"" and ""descent"". How fundamentally different are today's dna analyzes from the old racial research traditions? What if we risk asking the same questions as 1930s racial biology stuck with new techniques?
    Keywords: Gunnar Dahlberg; Herman Lundborg; genetics; physical anthropology; anti-racism; scientific racism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMK Knowledge management ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: Swedish
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    Johns Hopkins University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The third volume of this widely acclaimed series reveals the breath-taking intensity, intellectual acumen, and vast self-confidence of twenty-nine-year-old Thomas Edison. In the depths of the 1870s depression, he moved his independent research and development laboratory from industrial Newark to pastoral Menlo Park, some fifteen miles to the south on the main line of the railroad from New York to Philadelphia. There, equipped with resources for experimental development that were extraordinary for their time, Edison and a few close associates began twenty months of research that expanded their well-established accomplishments in telegraphy into pioneering work on the telephone. Edison's ideas and techniques from telegraph message recording and the telephone next led to his invention of the phonograph, the first patent for which was filed in December 1877. This invention ultimately gave Edison a world-wide reputation—and the nickname "the wizard of Menlo Park."
    Keywords: History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Open Book Publishers
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: "In this bold and original study, Jeff Kochan constructively combines the sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK) with Martin Heidegger’s early existential conception of science. Kochan shows convincingly that these apparently quite different approaches to science are, in fact, largely compatible, even mutually reinforcing. By combining Heidegger with SSK, Kochan argues, we can explicate, elaborate, and empirically ground Heidegger’s philosophy of science in a way that makes it more accessible and useful for social scientists and historians of science. Likewise, incorporating Heideggerian phenomenology into SSK renders SKK a more robust and attractive methodology for use by scholars in the interdisciplinary field of Science and Technology Studies (STS). Kochan’s ground-breaking reinterpretation of Heidegger also enables STS scholars to sustain a principled analytical focus on scientific subjectivity, without running afoul of the orthodox subject-object distinction they often reject. Science as Social Existence is the first book of its kind, unfurling its argument through a range of topics relevant to contemporary STS research. These include the epistemology and metaphysics of scientific practice, as well as the methods of explanation appropriate to social scientific and historical studies of science. Science as Social Existence puts concentrated emphasis on the compatibility of Heidegger’s existential conception of science with the historical sociology of scientific knowledge, pursuing this combination at both macro- and micro-historical levels. Beautifully written and accessible, Science as Social Existence puts new and powerful tools into the hands of sociologists and historians of science, cultural theorists of science, Heidegger scholars, and pluralist philosophers of science."
    Keywords: martin heidegger ; science and technology studies ; history of science ; philosophy of science ; social science ; existential conception of science ; sociology of scientific knowledge ; Epistemology ; Immanuel Kant ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Phenomenology (philosophy) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book breaks new ground by situating animals and their diseases at the very heart of modern medicine. In demonstrating their historical significance as subjects and shapers of medicine, it offers important insights into past animal lives, and reveals that what we think of as ‘human’ medicine was in fact deeply zoological. Each chapter analyses an important episode in which animals changed and were changed by medicine. Ranging across the animal inhabitants of Britain’s zoos, sick sheep on Scottish farms, unproductive livestock in developing countries, and the tapeworms of California and Beirut, they illuminate the multi-species dimensions of modern medicine and its rich historical connections with biology, zoology, agriculture and veterinary medicine. The modern movement for One Health – whose history is also analyzed – is therefore revealed as just the latest attempt to improve health by working across species and disciplines. This book will appeal to historians of animals, science and medicine, to those involved in the promotion and practice of One Health today.
    Keywords: History of Science ; History of Medicine ; Modern History ; Animal Welfare/Animal Ethics ; Social History ; Animal Ethics ; Human health ; Medical research ; Biomedicine ; Animal testing ; Drug development ; One Health ; Public Health ; Zoological gardens ; Diseased Sheep ; Tuberculosis ; rickets ; inter-war medicine ; Calvin W. Schwabe ; Echinococcus tapeworm ; Healthy Cows ; Parasitological Pursuit ; Open Access ; History ; Veterinary medicine ; Bioethics ; Social & cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MZ Veterinary medicine ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: A groundbreaking theoretical physicist traces his career, reflecting on the successes and failures, triumphs and insecurities of a life cut short by cancer. The groundbreaking theoretical physicist Joseph Polchinski explained the genesis of his memoir this way: “Having only two bodies of knowledge, myself and physics, I decided to write an autobiography about my development as a theoretical physicist.” In this posthumously published account of his life and work, Polchinski (1954–2018) describes successes and failures, triumphs and insecurities, and the sheer persistence that led to his greatest discoveries. Writing engagingly and accessibly, with the wry humor for which he was known, Polchinski gives theoretical physics a very human face. Polchinski, famous for his contributions to string theory, may have changed the course of modern theoretical physics, but he was a late bloomer—doing most of his important work after the age of forty. His death from brain cancer at sixty-three cut short a career at its peak. Working on the memoir after his diagnosis, using a text-to-speech algorithm because he could no longer read words on a page, he was able to recapitulate his entire career, down to the details of problems he had worked on. For Polchinski, physics went deeper than words. This edition includes photographs from Polchinski's professional and family life, as well as physics explainer boxes, other technical edits, and bibliographic notes by his former student Ahmed Almheiri, a foreword by Andrew Strominger, and an afterword by his wife Dorothy Chun and sons Steven and Daniel.
    Keywords: multiverse ; theory of everything ; D-branes ; string theory ; black holes ; theoretical physics ; Stephen Hawking ; holographic universe ; universe ; string theorist ; autobiography ; scientist ; Joseph Polchinski ; life of a theoretical physicist ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DN Biography and non-fiction prose::DNB Biography: general::DNBT Biography: science, technology and medicine::DNBT1 Autobiography: science, technology and medicine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVS Cryogenics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book examines the practices of contesting evidence in democratically constituted knowledge societies. It provides a multifaceted view of the processes and conditions of evidence criticism and how they determine the dynamics of de- and re-stabilization of evidence. Evidence is an essential resource for establishing claims of validity, resolving conflicts, and legitimizing decisions. In recent times, however, evidence is being contested with increasing frequency. Such contestations vary in form and severity – from questioning the interpretation of data or the methodological soundness of studies to accusations of evidence fabrication. The contributors to this volume explore which actors, for what reasons and to what effect, question evidence in fields such as the biological, environmental and health sciences. In addition to actors inside academia, they examine the roles of various other players, including citizen scientists, counter-experts, journalists, patients, consumers and activists. The contributors tackle questions of how disagreements are framed and how they are used to promote vested interests. By drawing on methodological and theoretical approaches from a wide range of fields, this book provides a much-needed perspective on how evidence criticism influences the development and state of knowledge societies and their political condition. Evidence Contestation will appeal to scholars and advanced students working in philosophy of science, epistemology, bioethics, science and technology studies, the history of science and technology and science communication.
    Keywords: citizen science;contestation;contingency;environmentalism;evidence;evidence criticism;Karin Zachmann;knowledge societies;Mariacarla Gadebusch Bondio;Olga Sparschuh;philosophy of science;pseudoscience;Saana Jukola;science & technology studies;scientific expertise;substance use disorders ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The groundbreaking first book by a major evolutionary biologist, published in 1912, that anticipated current thinking about organismal complexity. Julian Huxley's The Individual in the Animal Kingdom, published in 1912, is a concise and groundbreaking work that is almost entirely unknown today. In it, Huxley analyzes the evolutionary advances in life's organizational complexity, anticipating many of today's ideas about changes in individuality. Huxley's overarching system of concepts and his coherent logical principles were so far ahead of their time that they remain valid to this day. In part, this is because his explicitly Darwinian approach carefully distinguished between the integrated form and function of hierarchies within organisms and loosely defined, nonorganismal ecological communities. In The Individual in the Animal Kingdom, we meet a youthful Huxley who uses his commanding knowledge of natural history to develop a nonreductionist account of life's complexity that aligns with seminal early insights by Darwin, Wallace, Weismann, and Wheeler. As volume editors Richard Gawne and Jacobus Boomsma point out, this work disappeared into oblivion despite its relevance for contemporary research on organismal complexity and major evolutionary transitions. This MIT Press edition gives Huxley's book a second hearing, offering readers a unique vantage point on the discoveries of evolutionary biology past and present.
    Keywords: Major transitions in evolution ; individuality ; multicellularity ; superorganismality ; Julian Huxley ; history of biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGM Biogeography ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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    University of Minnesota Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: In 1905, a young Jewish immigrant from Luxembourg founded an electrical supply shop in New York. This inventor, writer, and publisher Hugo Gernsback would later become famous for launching the first science fiction magazine, Amazing Stories, in 1926. But while science fiction's annual Hugo Awards were named in his honor, there has been surprisingly little understanding of how the genre began among a community of tinkerers all drawn to Gernsback's vision of comprehending the future of media through making. In The Perversity of Things, Grant Wythoff makes available texts by Hugo Gernsback that were foundational both for science fiction and the emergence of media studies. Wythoff argues that Gernsback developed a means of describing and assessing the cultural impact of emerging media long before media studies became an academic discipline. From editorials and blueprints to media histories, critical essays, and short fiction, Wythoff has collected a wide range of Gernsback's writings that have been out of print since their magazine debut in the early 1900s. These articles cover such topics as television; the regulation of wireless/radio; war and technology; speculative futures; media-archaeological curiosities like the dynamophone and hypnobioscope; and more. All together, this collection shows how Gernsback's publications evolved from an electrical parts catalog to a full-fledged literary genre. The Perversity of Things aims to reverse the widespread misunderstanding of Gernsback within the history of science fiction criticism. Through painstaking research and extensive annotations and commentary, Wythoff reintroduces us to Gernsback and the origins of science fiction.
    Keywords: Language & Literature ; History of Science & Technology ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DN Biography and non-fiction prose::DNL Literary essays ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSK Literary studies: fiction, novelists and prose writers ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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    Springer Nature | A History of Force Feeding | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: It is the first monograph-length study of the force-feeding of hunger strikers in English, Irish and Northern Irish prisons. It examines ethical debates that arose throughout the twentieth century when governments authorised the force-feeding of imprisoned suffragettes, Irish republicans and convict prisoners. It also explores the fraught role of prison doctors called upon to perform the procedure. Since the Home Office first authorised force-feeding in 1909, a number of questions have been raised about the procedure. Is force-feeding safe? Can it kill? Are doctors who feed prisoners against their will abandoning the medical ethical norms of their profession? And do state bodies use prison doctors to help tackle political dissidence at times of political crisis?
    Keywords: force-feeding ; northern irish prisons ; hunger strikers ; irish prisons ; ethics ; prison doctors ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Dissecting the Criminal Corpse | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This volume, occasioned by the centenary of the Fritz Haber Institute, formerly the Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, covers the institute's scientific and institutional history from its founding until the present. The institute was among the earliest established by the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, and its inauguration was one of the first steps in the development of Berlin-Dahlem into a center for scientific research. Its establishment was made possible by an endowment from Leopold Koppel, granted on the condition that Fritz Haber, well-known for his discovery of a method to synthesize ammonia from its elements, be made its director. The history of the institute has largely paralleled that of 20th-century Germany. It undertook controversial weapons research during World War I, followed by a "Golden Era" during the 1920s, in spite of financial hardships.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry ; Fritz Haber Institute ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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    Springer Nature | Dissecting the Criminal Corpse | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Those convicted of homicide were hanged on the public gallows before being dissected under the Murder Act in Georgian England. Yet, from 1752, whether criminals actually died on the hanging tree or in the dissection room remained a medical mystery in early modern society. Dissecting the Criminal Corpse takes issue with the historical cliché of corpses dangling from the hangman’s rope in crime studies. Some convicted murderers did survive execution in early modern England. Establishing medical death in the heart-lungs-brain was a physical enigma. Criminals had large bull-necks, strong willpowers, and hearty survival instincts. Extreme hypothermia often disguised coma in a prisoner hanged in the winter cold. The youngest and fittest were capable of reviving on the dissection table. Many died under the lancet. Capital legislation disguised a complex medical choreography that surgeons staged. They broke the Hippocratic Oath by executing the Dangerous Dead across England from 1752 until 1832.
    Keywords: georgian england ; convicts ; murderers ; homicide ; early modern england ; murder act ; crime studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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    Publicacions i Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: On the occasion of the 75th +1 anniversary of the publication of Prof. J. M. Millàs Vallicrosa’s seminal work Assaig d’història de les idees físiques i matemàtiques a la Catalunya medieval by the Institut d'Estudis Catalans, the Commission on the History of Science and Technology in Islamic Societies (International Union on History and Philosophy of Science), the Grup Millàs Vallicrosa d’Història de la Ciència Àrab (Universitat de Barcelona) and the Societat Catalana d’Història de la Ciència i de la Tècnica (Institut d’Estudis Catalans) organized a conference entitled “A Shared Legacy: Islamic Science East and West”. At this conference, the Islamic Scientific Manuscripts Initiative, a new joint project for the study of manuscripts, was presented. Although the papers published in this volume deal with a mixture of subjects and disciplines - astronomical instruments, planetary models, geometry, medicine, miqat, technology and cartography - they all have the transmission of knowledge between the two shores of the Mediterranean as a common underlying thread. A Shared Legacy: Islamic Science East and West is “probably the most important international meeting in the history of medieval science held in Barcelona since 1959” (J. Samsó in the Foreword).
    Keywords: Islamic Science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Horrified by the Holocaust, social psychologist Stanley Milgram wondered if he could recreate the Holocaust in the laboratory setting. Unabated for more than half a century, his (in)famous results have continued to intrigue scholars. Based on unpublished archival data from Milgram’s personal collection, volume one of this two-volume set introduces readers to a behind the scenes account showing how during Milgram’s unpublished pilot studies he step-by-step invented his official experimental procedure—how he gradually learnt to transform most ordinary people into willing inflictors of harm. The open access volume two then illustrates how certain innovators within the Nazi regime used the very same Milgram-like learning techniques that with increasing effectiveness gradually enabled them to also transform most ordinary people into increasingly capable executioners of other men, women, and children. Volume two effectively attempts to capture how step-by-step these Nazi innovators attempted to transform the Führer’s wish of a Jewish-free Europe into a frightening reality. By the books’ end the reader will gain an insight into how the seemingly undoable can become increasingly doable.
    Keywords: Psychology ; Personality ; Social psychology ; Psychology ; World War, 1939-1945 ; Psychology—Methodology ; Psychological measurement ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWR Specific wars and campaigns::NHWR7 Second World War ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history::NHWL Modern warfare ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999::3MPB Early 20th century c 1900 to c 1950::3MPBL c 1940 to c 1949::3MPBLB c 1938 to c 1946 (World War Two period) ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMB Psychological methodology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMS Psychology: the self, ego, identity, personality ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Single Molecule Magnets (SMMs) showing bistability and quantum phenomena are promising candidates for spintronic applications. In recent years, the study of hybrid surfaces composed of SMMs on conductive and magnetic surfaces has attracted increasing interest. In this work the preparation of hybrid surfaces made by terbium bis(phthalocyaninato) and Fe4 SMMs is reported. The surfaces were structurally and magnetically characterized by means of laboratory and large scale facility techniques. This investigation has provided interesting hints towards their application in spintronic devices and has paved the way for the magnetic characterization of Fe4 at the single molecule level.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDN Scientific equipment, experiments and techniques ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHF Materials / States of matter ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHU Mathematical physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNR Physical chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences
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    Amsterdam University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Once upon a time ‘The Scientific Revolution of the 17th century’ was an innovative concept that inspired a stimulating narrative of how modern science came into the world. Half a century later, what we now know as ‘the master narrative’ serves rather as a strait-jacket — so often events and contexts just fail to fit in. No attempt has been made so far to replace the master narrative. H. Floris Cohen now comes up with precisely such a replacement. Key to his path-breaking analysis-cum-narrative is a vision of the Scientific Revolution as made up of six distinct yet narrowly interconnected, revolutionary transformations, each of some twenty-five to thirty years’ duration. This vision enables him to explain how modern science could come about in Europe rather than in Greece, China, or the Islamic world. It also enables him to explain how half-way into the 17th century a vast crisis of legitimacy could arise and, in the end, be overcome. Building on his earlier The Scientific Revolution: A Historiographical Inquiry (1994), Cohen’s new book connects the latest research results in highly innovative ways, breaking up all-too-deeply frozen patterns of thinking about the history of science.
    Description: Floris Cohen vernieuwt in How Modern Science Came into the World het begrip ‘de Wetenschappelijke Revolutie van de zeventiende eeuw’ radicaal. Hij vertelt het verhaal op een manier die van de grond af opnieuw is doordacht. Een beschavingsbrede aanpak, consequent volgehouden vergelijkingen en een niet aflatende zoektocht naar onderliggende patronen zijn daarbij zijn voornaamste hulpmiddelen. Zo verklaart hij hoe het komt dat de moderne natuurwetenschap niet in Griekenland, China of de Islamitische wereld, maar in Europa is ontstaan. En hij vat de Wetenschappelijke Revolutie op als een zestal nauw samenhangende revolutionaire transformaties van het toenmalig denken over de natuur, die elk zo’n vijfentwintig tot dertig jaar in beslag namen. Dit boek ligt ten grondslag aan zijn eerder verschenen De herschepping van de wereld. In How Modern Science Came into the World ontvouwt Cohen zijn visie op grotere schaal en transformeert hij een gedurfde schets tot een dwingend geschiedbeeld. (...) Groene Amsterdammer Het magnum opus van Floris Cohen, How Modern Science Came into The World [...] is een magistrale beschrijving en analye van de wetenschappelijke revolutie. NRC Handelsblad nieuwe adembenemend rijke wetenschapsstudie [...] steekt ook qua omvang, ambitie en stijl [...] E.J. Dijksterhuis' klassieke weten­ schapsgeschiedenis De mechanisering van het wereldbeeld, naar de kroon. (...) 16-12-2010 Beoordeling vooraf "In this provocative, comparative treatment of a classic moment in the history of science Floris Cohen brilliantly challenges current narratives."--Robert S. Westman, University of California, San Diego (...) For the most part, historians spend their energy trying to explain military conquests, the succession of governments, religious or ideological movements, or social and economic change. What they miss (or avoid?), however, is surely more significant than any of these things for an understanding of world history. Historians have completely failed to explain why science, which largely characterizes modern world civilization, emerged in Western Europe in the Renaissance, after having failed to establish itself earlier and in other civilizations (most notably in Ancient Greece, China, Islam, and medieval Christendom). In this very important book, Floris Cohen finally and comprehensively provides an answer to this enduring historical mystery. In so doing, he also provides a definitive account of the so-called Scientific Revolution, and shows why it really was revolutionary."- "This supremely important book will become indispensable reading for anyone interested in how the modern world became the way it is. By comprehensively explaining the rise of science, and its why, where and when, Floris Cohen has solved, dazzlingly, one of the most pressing problems in world history."--John Henry, University of Edinburgh
    Keywords: geschiedenis ; history ; science ; wetenschap ; Christiaan Huygens ; Galileo Galilei ; Isaac Newton ; Mathematical sciences ; René Descartes ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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    Bloomsbury Academic | Bloomsbury Academic
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Drawing on a broad range of disciplines, this book advances a sophisticated and compelling analysis of literary studies and the ways in which it shares its goals with the worldly concerns of the health and medical humanities, contributing to debates around the value of literary studies as a discipline and the humanities more broadly.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This is the engaging story of a moment of transformation in the human sciences, a detailed account of a remarkable group of people who met regularly from 1946 to 1953 to explore the possibility of using scientific ideas that had emerged in the war years (cybernetics, information theory, computer theory) as a basis for interdisciplinary alliances. The Macy Conferences on Cybernetics, as they came to be called, included such luminaries as Norbert Wiener, John von Neumann, Margaret Mead, Gregory Bateson, Warren McCulloch, Walter Pitts, Kurt Lewin, F. S. C. Northrop, Molly Harrower, and Lawrence Kubie, who thought and argued together about such topics as insanity, vision, circular causality, language, the brain as a digital machine, and how to make wise decisions. Heims, who met and talked with many of the participants, portrays them not only as thinkers but as human beings. His account examines how the conduct and content of research are shaped by the society in which it occurs and how the spirit of the times, in this case a mixture of postwar confidence and cold-war paranoia, affected the thinking of the cybernetics group. He uses the meetings to explore the strong influence elite groups can have in establishing connections and agendas for research and provides a firsthand took at the emergence of paradigms that were to become central to the new fields of artificial intelligence and cognitive science. In his joint biography of John von Neumann and Norbert Wiener, Heims offered a challenging interpretation of the development of recent American science and technology. Here, in this group portrait of an important generation of American intellectuals, Heims extends that interpretation to a broader canvas, in the process paying special attention to the two iconoclastic figures, Warren McCulloch and Gregory Bateson, whose ideas on the nature of the mind/brain and on holism are enjoying renewal today. Steve J. Heims, once a research physicist, has devoted his attention to the history of twentieth century science for the past two decades.
    Keywords: History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access book offers a comprehensive overview of the history of genomics across three different species and four decades, from the 1980s to the recent past. It takes an inclusive approach in order to capture not only the international initiatives to map and sequence the genomes of various organisms, but also the work of smaller-scale institutions engaged in the mapping and sequencing of yeast, human and pig DNA. In doing so, the authors expand the historiographical lens of genomics from a focus on large-scale projects to other forms of organisation. They show how practices such as genome mapping, sequence assembly and annotation are as essential as DNA sequencing in the history of genomics, and argue that existing depictions of genomics are too closely associated with the Human Genome Project. Exploring the use of genomic tools by biochemists, cell biologists, and medical and agriculturally-oriented geneticists, this book portrays the history of genomics as inseparably entangled with the day-to-day practices and objectives of these communities. The authors also uncover often forgotten actors such as the European Commission, a crucial funder and forger of collaborative networks undertaking genomic projects. In examining historical trajectories across species, communities and projects, the book provides new insights on genomics, its dramatic expansion during the late twentieth-century and its developments in the twenty-first century. Offering the first extensive critical examination of the nature and historicity of reference genomes, this book demonstrates how their affordances and limitations are shaped by the involvement or absence of particular communities in their production. ;
    Keywords: Genome mapping ; Yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Human DNA ; Pig DNA ; Sus scrofa ; High throughput sequencing technology ; Whole-genome projects ; Sequence assembly ; Annotation ; European Commission ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: As a powerful tool in the production of knowledge, comparing plays a crucial part in the sciences and the humanities. This volume explores the relationship between comparing and narrating in epistemic practices and clarifies the ways in which narratives enable or impede practices of comparing. It takes into account related activities, such as measuring and classifying, modeling, establishing norms and categories, as well as organizing and popularizing knowledge, to analyze the ambivalent relationship between narratives, scientific explanation, and understanding. The contributions bring out the epistemic role of narratives, and elucidate how narratives are connected to comparisons and scientific explanations.
    Keywords: Comparison ; Narrative ; Explanation ; History of Science ; History of Art ; Science ; Philosophy of Science ; Sociology of Science ; Literary Studies ; Bielefeld University Press ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science and technology on society
    Language: English
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: When ungroovy scientists did groovy science: how non-activist scientists and engineers adapted their work to a rapidly changing social and political landscape. In The Squares, Cyrus Mody shows how, between the late 1960s and the early 1980s, some scientists and engineers who did not consider themselves activists, New Leftists, or members of the counterculture accommodated their work to the rapidly changing social and political landscape of the time. These “square scientists,” Mody shows, began to do many of the things that the counterculture urged: turn away from military-industrial funding, become more interdisciplinary, and focus their research on solving problems of civil society. During the period Mody calls “the long 1970s,” ungroovy scientists were doing groovy science. Mody offers a series of case studies of some of these collective efforts by non-activist scientists to use their technical knowledge for the good of society. He considers the region around Santa Barbara and the interplay of public universities, think tanks, established firms, new companies, philanthropies, and social movement organizations. He looks at Stanford University's transition from Cold War science to commercialized technoscience; NASA's search for a post-Apollo mission; the unsuccessful foray into solar energy by Nobel laureate Jack Kilby; the “civilianization” of the US semiconductor industry; and systems engineer Arthur D. Hall's ill-fated promotion of automated agriculture.
    Keywords: History of engineering and technology;History of science;History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: An argument that the development of scientific practice and growth of scientific knowledge are governed by Darwin's evolutionary model of descent with modification. Although scientific investigation is influenced by our cognitive and moral failings as well as all of the factors impinging on human life, the historical development of scientific knowledge has trended toward an increasingly accurate picture of an increasing number of phenomena. Taking a fresh look at Thomas Kuhn's 1962 work, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, in How Knowledge Grows Chris Haufe uses evolutionary theory to explain both why scientific practice develops the way it does and how scientific knowledge expands. This evolutionary model, claims Haufe, helps to explain what is epistemically special about scientific knowledge: its tendency to grow in both depth and breadth. Kuhn showed how intellectual communities achieve consensus in part by discriminating against ideas that differ from their own and isolating themselves intellectually from other fields of inquiry and broader social concerns. These same characteristics, says Haufe, determine a biological population's degree of susceptibility to modification by natural selection. He argues that scientific knowledge grows, even across generations of variable groups of scientists, precisely because its development is governed by Darwinian evolution. Indeed, he supports the claim that this susceptibility to modification through natural selection helps to explain the epistemic power of certain branches of modern science. In updating and expanding the evolutionary approach to scientific knowledge, Haufe provides a model for thinking about science that acknowledges the historical contingency of scientific thought while showing why we nevertheless should trust the results of scientific research when it is the product of certain kinds of scientific communities.
    Keywords: evolutionary epistemology ; kuhn ; cultural evolution ; Darwinian population ; exemplar ; disciplines ; multiple discovery ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAD Bioethics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge
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    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Explorations of science, technology, and innovation in Africa not as the product of “technology transfer” from elsewhere but as the working of African knowledge. In the STI literature, Africa has often been regarded as a recipient of science, technology, and innovation rather than a maker of them. In this book, scholars from a range of disciplines show that STI in Africa is not merely the product of “technology transfer” from elsewhere but the working of African knowledge. Their contributions focus on African ways of looking, meaning-making, and creating. The chapter authors see Africans as intellectual agents whose perspectives constitute authoritative knowledge and whose strategic deployment of both endogenous and inbound things represents an African-centered notion of STI. “Things do not (always) mean the same from everywhere,” observes Clapperton Chakanetsa Mavhunga, the volume's editor. Western, colonialist definitions of STI are not universalizable. The contributors discuss topics that include the trivialization of indigenous knowledge under colonialism; the creative labor of chimurenga, the transformation of everyday surroundings into military infrastructure; the role of enslaved Africans in America as innovators and synthesizers; the African ethos of “fixing”; the constitutive appropriation that makes mobile technologies African; and an African innovation strategy that builds on domestic capacities. The contributions describe an Africa that is creative, technological, and scientific, showing that African STI is the latest iteration of a long process of accumulative, multicultural knowledge production. Contributors Geri Augusto, Shadreck Chirikure, Chux Daniels, Ron Eglash, Ellen Foster, Garrick E. Louis, D. A. Masolo, Clapperton Chakanetsa Mavhunga, Neda Nazemi, Toluwalogo Odumosu, Katrien Pype, Scott Remer
    Keywords: collection ; STS ; science ; technology ; and society ; anthropology ; African studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHH African history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: This open access book charts how South Africa’s gold mines have systematically suppressed evidence of hazardous work practices and the risks associated with mining. For most of the twentieth century, South Africa was the world’s largest producer of gold. Although the country enjoyed a reputation for leading the world in occupational health legislation, the mining companies developed a system of medical surveillance and workers’ compensation which compromised the health of black gold miners, facilitated the spread of tuberculosis, and ravaged the communities and economies of labour-sending states. The culmination of two decades of meticulous archival research, this book exposes the making, contesting, and unravelling of the companies’ capacity to shape – and corrupt – medical knowledge.
    Keywords: Goldmining ; Occupational lung disease ; Silicosis ; Tuberculosis ; Southern Africa ; Occupational injury ; African studies ; Colonialism ; Racism ; History of mining ; Epidemiology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKV Environmental medicine::MKVP Occupational medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHH African history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTQ Colonialism and imperialism
    Language: English
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In 1970 a small group of physicists at The Australian National University decided to veer away from the accepted and expected directions in energy research and pursued the emerging discipline of solar energy. Over the next decade ANU joined a small cluster of research institutions, including the CSIRO, UNSW and the University of Sydney, to emerge as a world leader in solar energy technology. This book traces the history of solar energy research at ANU over 35 years from its origin, its sometimes controversial early stages, through its flagship projects to its current status as one of the world’s best known solar energy research establishments. It is as much a story of the future as it is a history: Following the sun is the story of how an idea to pursue what was in 1970 a new and unpopular research path has come to underpin sustainable development in the 21st Century.
    Keywords: solar energy ; science history ; Australia ; Australian National University ; Renewable energy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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  • 90
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    University of Georgia Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: HISTORY / Modern / 20th Century; SCIENCE / History; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / History
    Keywords: history ; modern ; 20th century; science ; history ; history; technology & engineering ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 91
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    UCL Press | UCL Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: John Tyndall (c.1822–1893) is best known as a leading natural philosopher and trenchant public intellectual of the Victorian age. He discovered the physical basis of the greenhouse effect, explained why the sky is blue, and spoke and wrote controversially on the relationship between science and religion. Few people were aware that he also wrote poetry. The Poetry of John Tyndall contains his 76 extant poems, the majority of which have not been transcribed or published before, and are succinctly annotated in a style similar to that used for the letters published in The Correspondence of John Tyndall. The poems are complemented by an extended introduction, which was written by the three editors together as a multidisciplinary analysis. The essay aims to facilitate readings by a range of people interested in the history of Victorian science and of Victorian science and literature. It explores what the poems can tell us about Tyndall’s self-fashioning, his values and beliefs, and the role of poetry for him and his circle. More broadly, the essay addresses the relationship between the scientific and poetic imaginations, and wider questions of the nature and purpose of poetry in relation to science and religion in the nineteenth century
    Keywords: Victorian poetry ; Victorian science ; history of science ; nineteenth-century literature ; John Tyndell ; nineteenth-century religion ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DC Poetry::DCF Poetry by individual poets ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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  • 92
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    Cambridge University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: This discipline-redefining study of secretive British medical research cultures after World War Two retraces the harvesting and recycling of bodies and body-parts for tissue culture and pathology labs, transplantation surgery facilities, brain banks, and dissection teaching spaces between 1945 and 2000. This title is also available as Open Access.
    Keywords: history of medicine ; history of science ; history of the body ; twentieth-century Britain ; medical humanities ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science
    Language: English
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  • 93
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    UCL Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Women in the History of Science brings together primary sources that highlight women’s involvement in scientific knowledge production around the world. Drawing on texts, images and objects, each primary source is accompanied by an explanatory text, questions to prompt discussion, and a bibliography to aid further research. Arranged by time period, covering 1200 BCE to the twenty-first century, and across 12 inclusive and far-reaching themes, this book is an invaluable companion to students and lecturers alike in exploring women’s history in the fields of science, technology, mathematics, medicine and culture. While women are too often excluded from traditional narratives of the history of science, this book centres the voices and experiences of women across a range of domains of knowledge. By questioning our understanding of what science is, where it happens, and who produces scientific knowledge, this book is an aid to liberating the curriculum within schools and universities.
    Keywords: history of science;science and technology studies;women;gender studies;history;science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSF Gender studies, gender groups::JBSF1 Gender studies: women and girls
    Language: English
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  • 94
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    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book examines the implications of The Bell Curve for the social, economic, and political developments of the early 21st century. Following a review of the reception of The Bell Curve and its place in the campaign to end affirmative action, Professor Tucker analyses Herrnstein’s concept of the “meritocracy” in relation to earlier 20th century eugenics and the dramatic increase in economic inequality over the past 30 years. Tucker demonstrates how, contrary to The Bell Curve’s predictions, the reallocation of these huge sums was neither rational nor beneficial for society. The book moves on to situate The Bell Curve within contemporary politics and shows how it can be seen to have played a role in the 2016 US election. This compelling analysis will appeal to scholars and those with an interest in the history of scientific racism, the history of psychology and the sociology of knowledge and science. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: scientific racism ; racial differences ; intelligence ; The Bell Curve ; individual differences ; cognitive ability ; structural inequality ; meritocracy ; hereditary inequality ; history of scientific racism ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKV Crime and criminology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Identifies and investigates a corpus of twenty-one anonymous Middle English recipes for the philosophers' stone dating from the fifteenth century. Verse and Transmutation: A Corpus of Middle English Alchemical Poetry identifies and investigates a corpus of twenty-one anonymous recipes for the philosophers’ stone dating from the fifteenth century. These were circulated and received in association with each other until the mid-seventeenth century, when a number of them appeared in Elias Ashmole’s Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum. These editions are the first to make this previously unidentified corpus available to researchers. The accompanying studies discover the complex histories of these alchemica, in plain and illuminated manuscripts, as anonyma and in attribution to famous authors, and in private and institutional, medical and academic book collections. Together, they offer novel insights into the role of alchemy and poetry in late medieval and early modern England. This title was made Open Access by libraries from around the world through Knowledge Unlatched.
    Keywords: literature ; history ; medieval and early science ; Alchemy ; Manuscript ; Middle English ; Poetry ; Richard Carpenter (musician) ; Spain ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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  • 96
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    Cambridge University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Drawing upon a rich archive, Brock explores the cultural, social and self-representation of the woman surgeon in Britain from 1860 to the end of the Great War. This book is essential reading for those interested in medical history, providing wide-ranging new perspectives on the history of women, patient narratives and the history of surgery. This title is also available as Open Access.
    Keywords: history of medicine ; women's history ; gender studies ; modern British history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBX History of medicine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day
    Language: English
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  • 97
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    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access book is a biography of Joseph L. Pawsey. It examines not only his life but the birth and growth of the field of radio astronomy and the state of science itself in twentieth century Australia. The book explains how an isolated continent with limited resources grew to be one of the leaders in the study of radio astronomy and the design of instruments to do so. Pawsey made a name for himself in the international astronomy community within a decade after WWII and coined the term radio astronomy. His most valuable talent was his ability to recruit and support bright young scientists who became the technical and methodological innovators of the era, building new telescopes from the Mills Cross and Chris (Christiansen) Cross to the Parkes radio telescope. The development of aperture synthesis and the controversy surrounding the cosmological interpretation of the first major survey which resulted in the Sydney research group's disagreements with Nobel laureate Martin Ryle play major roles in this story. This book also shows the connections among prominent astronomers like Oort, Minkowski, Baade, Struve, famous scientists in the UK such as J.A. Ratcliffe, Edward Appleton and Henry Tizard, and the engineers and physicists in Australia who helped develop the field of radio astronomy. Pawsey was appointed the second Director of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (Green Bank, West Virginia) in October 1961; he died in Sydney at the age of 54 in late November 1962. Upper level students, scientists and historians will find the information, much of it from primary sources, relevant to any study of Joseph L. Pawsey or radio astronomy. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Radio astronomy, history ; Telescope arrays ; Joseph L. Pawsey, founder of Australian radio astronomy ; 2c survey ; Radiophysics Laboratory ; Radar research in World War II ; Ionosphere research ; Solar radio astronomy ; Aperture synthesis ; Radio cosmology book ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFC Electronics: circuits and components ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDD Scientific standards, measurement etc ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFC Electronics: circuits and components ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDD Scientific standards, measurement etc
    Language: English
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  • 98
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    Springer Nature
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This open access volume raises awareness of the histories, geographies, and practices of universities and analyzes their role as key actors in today’s global knowledge economy. Universities are centers of research, teaching, and expertise with significant economic, social, and cultural impacts at different geographical scales. Scholars from a variety of disciplines and countries offer original analyses and discussions along five main themes: historical perspectives on the university as a site of knowledge production, cultural encounter, and political interest; institutional perspectives on university governance and the creation of innovative environments; relationships between universities and the city; the impact of universities on national and regional economies and cultures; and the processes of internationalization through student mobility, the creation of education hubs, and global regionalism in higher education.
    Keywords: Geography ; Historical geography ; Human geography ; Education—Economic aspects ; History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTP Historical geography ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography
    Language: English
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The evolution of Australian radio astronomy from 1945 to 1960 has been studied in detail by numerous historians of science in recent years. This Open Access book is the first to present an overview of this remarkable chapter in Australian science. The book begins in the post-war period, as the Radiophysics Laboratory in Sydney switched from secret wartime research on radar to peacetime applications of this new technology. Next follows the detection of radio waves from space and the ensuing transformation of this fledgling science into the dominant research program at the Radiophysics Lab. Drawing from this history, the book shows how by 1960 the Radiophysics Lab had become the largest and most successful radio astronomy group in the world. The final chapter presents an overview of Australian radio astronomy from 1960 to the present day, as Australia prepares to co-host the multi-national, multi-billion-dollar Square Kilometre Array. Nearly 300 high-quality images complement the text, drawn from a wide range of sources including the extensive collection held by the CSIRO Radio Astronomy Image Archive. The book will be an essential reference for readers interested in the scientific and cultural development of radio astronomy. This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.
    Keywords: History of radio astronomy ; CSIRO Radiophysics Laboratory ; John Bolton ; Taffy Bowen ; Chris Christiansen ; Discrete radio sources ; Field stations ; Hydrogen-line studies ; Frank Kerr ; Mills Cross ; Bernie Mills ; Parkes Radio Telescope ; Joe Pawsey ; Ruby Payne-Scott ; Radio source surveys ; Radioheliograph ; Sea interferometers ; Alex Shain ; Solar bursts and eclipses ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time
    Language: English
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  • 100
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    Anthem Press | Anthem Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The Science Communication Challenge explores and discusses the whys – as distinct from the hows – of science communication. Arguing that the dominant science communication paradigm is didactic, it makes the case for a political category of science communication, aimed at furthering discussions of science-related public affairs and making room for civilized and reasonable exchanges between different points of view. As civil societies and knowledge societies, modern democratic societies are confronted with the challenge of accommodating both the scientific logic of truth-seeking and the classical political logic of pluralism. The didactic science communication paradigm, however, is unsuited to dealing with substantial disagreement. Therefore, it is also unsuited to facilitate communication about the steadily increasing number of science-related political issues. Using insights from an array of academic fields, The Science Communication Challenge explores the possible origins of the didactic paradigm, connecting it to particular understandings of knowledge, politics and the public and to the widespread assumption of a science-versus-politics dichotomy. The book offers a critique of that assumption and suggests that science and politics be seen as substantially different activities, suited to dealing with different kinds of questions – and to different varieties of science communication.
    Keywords: Science ; Philosophy & Social Aspects ; Philosophy ; Political ; Science ; History ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science
    Language: English
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