ALBERT

Note: Contents: Introduction ; 1. Collective Aspirations ; 2. Choice and Measure of Values ; 3. Do We Do Enough for the Future? ; 4. Is The World Too Risky? ; Conclusion ; Technical Appendix

Note: Contents: Learning to Work with ØMQ ; Chapter 1 Basics ; Chapter 2 Sockets and Patterns ; Chapter 3 Advanced Request-Reply Patterns ; Chapter 4 Reliable Request-Reply Patterns ; Chapter 5 Advanced Publish-Subscribe Patterns ; Software Engineering Using ØMQ ; Chapter 6 The ØMQ Community ; Chapter 7 Advanced Architecture Using ØMQ ; Chapter 8 A Framework for Distributed Computing ; Chapter 9 Postface

Note: Contents: 1 Our Approach ; 2 The Evolution and Governance Architecture of the United Nations Climate Change Regime ; 3 International Relations Theories and Climate Change Politics ; 4 Cooperation on Climate Change: Insights from Game Theory ; 5 Computational Models, Global Climate Change, and Policy ; 6 Environmental Protection, Differentiated Responsibility, and World Trade: Making Room for Climate Action ; 7 Major Countries ; 8 Nonstate Actors in International Policy Making: The Kyoto Protocol and Beyond ; 9 Business ; 10 Equity and Development: Developing Countries in the International Climate Negotiations ; 11 Implementation, Compliance, and Effectiveness of Policies and Institutions ; 12 Our Conclusions

Note: Contents: What has changed since the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment in 2005? Part 1. How the Arctic cryosphere is changing 1.1. The Arctic cryosphere 1.2. Monitoring change in the Arctic cryosphere 1.3. Snow cover is decreasing 1.4. Permafrost is thawing 1.5. Lakes and rivers are losing ice cover 1.6. Mountain glaciers, ice caps and the Greenland Ice Sheet are all diminishing 1.7. Summer sea-ice cover has declined dramatically Part 2. Why the Arctic cryosphere is changing 2.1. The Arctic climate is changing 2.2. The cryosphere interacts with other aspects of climate Part 3. More change is expected. Where in the Arctic? 3.1. Modelling the future 3.2. Future changes in temperature, rain and snowfall 3.3. Future changes in snow, permafrost, lake and river ice 3.4. Future changes in mountain glaciers, ice caps and the Greenland Ice Sheet 3.5. Future changes in sea ice Part 4. How these changes affect people and nature. Where in the Arctic? 4.1. Changing Arctic ecosystems 4.2. Changing supplies of natural resources 4.3. Changing access 4.4. Changing risks to buildings and land 4.5. Changing movement of contaminants 4.6. Changing Arctic living conditions Part 5. Why changes in the Arctic matter globally 5.1. Changes in the Arctic cryosphere affect the global climate 5.2. Melting Arctic land ice contributes to sea-level rise 5.3. Consequences for global society Part 6. What should be done? 6.1. Adapting to change 6.2. The big unknowns Glossary.

Note: Contents: Preface to Fourth Edition. - Preface to Third Edition. - Preface to Second Edition. - Preface to First Edition. - Acknowledgments. - PART I THE PERIGLACIAL DOMAIN. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 The Periglacial Concept. - 1.2 Diagnostic Criteria. - 1.3 Periglacial Environments. - 1.4 The Periglacial Domain. - 1.5 The Periglacial Domain and the Cryosphere. - 1.6 Disciplinary Considerations. - 1.6.1 The Growth of Geocryology. - 1.6.2 The Challenge of Quaternary Science. - 1.6.3 Periglacial Geomorphology or Cold-Region Geomorphology?. - 1.7 Societal Considerations. - 1.8 The Growth of Periglacial Knowledge. - 2 Periglacial Climates. - 2.1 Boundary Conditions. - 2.2 Cold Deserts. - 2.3 Regional Climates. - 2.3.1 High Arctic Climates. - 2.3.2 Continental Climates. - 2.3.3 Alpine Climates. - 2.3.4 Montane Climates. - 2.3.5 Climates of Low Annual Temperature Range. - 2.3.6 Antarctica: A Special Case. - 2.4 Snow and Ice. - 2.5 Wind. - 2.6 Ground Climates. - 2.6.1 The 'n'-Factor. - 2.6.2 The Thermal Offset. - 2.6.3 The Ground Temperature Regime. - 2.7 Periglacial Climates and Global Climate Change. - 2.7.1 Basic Facts. - 2.7.2 Why Climate-Cryosphere Interactions Accelerate Climate Warming. - 3 Periglacial Ecosystems. - 3.1 General Statement. - 3.2 Biogeographic Zonation and Major Vegetation Types. - 3.3 Adaptations to Cold, Snow, Wind and Aridity. - 3.4 The Effect of Vegetation. - 3.5 The Polar Deserts. - 3.5.1 The High Arctic Polar Deserts. - 3.5.2 The High Arctic Polar Semi-Deserts. - 3.6 The Polar Desert-Tundra Transition. - 3.7 The Low-Arctic Tundra. - 3.8 The Forest-Tundra Bioclimatic Boundary (The Tree Line). - 3.9 The Boreal Forest. - 3.10 The Alpine and Montane Ecosystems. - 3.11 Antarctica - A Special Case. - 3.12 Periglacial Ecosystems and Climate Change. - PART II FROZEN GROUND AND PERMAFROST. - 4 Ground Freezing, Permafrost and the Active Layer. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 Ground Freezing. - 4.2.1 Basic Concepts. - 4.2.2 Ice Segregation. - 4.2.3 "The Frozen Fringe'. - 4.2.4 Frost Heave. - 4.3 Perennially-Frozen Ground (Permafrost). - 4.4 Moisture and Ice Within Permafrost. - 4.5 Thermal and Physical Properties. - 4.5.1 The Geothermal Regime. - 4.5.2 The TTOP Model. - 4.5.3 Physical Properties. - 4.5.4 Thermal Properties. - 4.6 Permafrost Hydrology. - 4.6.1 Aquifers. - 4.6.2 Hydrochemistry. - 4.6.3 Groundwater Icings. - 4.7 The Active Layer. - 4.7.1 Terminology. - 4.7.2 The Active-Layer Thermal Regime. - 4.7.3 The Transient Layer. - 4.7.4 The Stefan Equation. - 5 Permafrost Distribution and Stability. - 5.1 Introduction. - 5.2 Controls over Permafrost Distribution. - 5.2.1 Relief and Aspect. - 5.2.2 Rock Type. - 5.2.3 Vegetation. - 5.2.4 Snow Cover. - 5.2.5 Fire. - 5.2.6 Lakes and Surface Water Bodies. - 5.3 Spatial Extent of Permafrost and Frozen Ground. - 5.3.1 Latitudinal Permafrost. - 5.3.2 Alpine (Mountain) Permafrost. - 5.3.3 Montane Permafrost. - 5.3.4 Seasonally-Frozen Ground. - 5.4 Sub-Sea and Relict Permafrost. - 5.4.1 Sub-Sea Permafrost. - 5.4.2 Relict (Terrestrial) Permafrost. - 5.5 Permafrost and Ecosystems. - 5.6 Permafrost Monitoring and Mapping. - 5.6.1 CALM and GTN-P (TSP). - 5.6.2 BTS and Mountain Permafrost Probability Mapping. - 5.7 Climate Warming and Permafrost. - 5.7.1 Evidence for Warming Permafrost. - 5.7.2 Evidence for Thawing Permafrost. - 6 Ground Ice and Cryostratigraphy. - 6.1 Introduction. - 6.2 Quantitative Parameters. - 6.3 Epigenetic, Syngenetic and Polygenetic Permafrost. - 6.4 Classification. - 6.4.1 The Russian Approach. - 6.4.2 The North American Approach. - 6.5 Main Ground Ice Types. - 6.5.1 Pore Ice. - 6.5.2 Segregated Ice. - 6.5.3 Intrusive Ice. - 6.5.4 Vein Ice. - 6.5.5 Other Types of Ice. - 6.6 Ice Distribution. - 6.6.1 Amounts. - 6.6.2 Distribution with Depth. - 6.6.3 Ice in Bedrock. - 6.6.4 Ice in Poorly-Lithified Sediments. - 6.7 Cryostratigraphy and Cryolithology. - 6.7.1 Cryostructural Analysis. - 6.7.2 Cryostructures of Epigenetic and Syngenetic Permafrost. - 6.7.3 Thaw Unconformities. - 6.7.4 Aggradational Ice. - 6.7.5 Icy Bodies and Ice, Sand and Soil Pseudomorphs. - 6.8 Ice Crystallography. - 6.9 Ice Geochemistry. - 6.10 Massive Ice and Massive-Icy Bodies. - 6.10.1 Nature and Extent. - 6.10.2 Intra-Sedimental Ice. - 6.10.3 Buried Glacier Ice. - 6.11 Cryostratigraphy and Past Environments. - 7 Aggradational Permafrost Landforms. - 7.1 Introduction. - 7.2 How Does Permafrost Aggrade?. - 7.2.1 The Illisarvik Drained-Lake Experiment. - 7.3 Thermal-Contraction-Crack Polygons. - 7.3.1 Coefficients of Thermal Expansion and Contraction. - 7.3.2 Ice, Sand and Soil ('Ground') Wedges. - 7.3.3 Development of the Polygon Net. - 7.3.4 Polygon Morphology. - 7.3.5 Controls over Cracking. - 7.3.6 Climatic Significance. - 7.4 Ice and Sand Wedges. - 7.4.1 Epigenetic Wedges. - 7.4.2 Syngenetic Wedges. - 7.4.3 Anti-Syngenetic Wedges. - 7.4.4 Growth and Deformation of Wedges. - 7.5 Organic Terrain. - 7.5.1 Palsas. - 7.5.2 Peat Plateaus. - 7.6 Frost Mounds. - 7.6.1 Perennial-Frost Mounds. - 7.6.2 Hydraulic (Open) System Pingos. - 7.6.3 Hydrostatic (Closed) System Pingos. - 7.6.4 Other Perennial-Frost Mounds. - 7.6.5 Seasonal-Frost Mounds. - 7.6.6 Hydrolaccoliths and Other Frost-Induced Mounds. - 8 Thermokarst Processes and Landforms. - 8.1 Introduction. - 8.2 Thawing Ground. - 8.2.1 Thaw Strain and Thaw Settlement. - 8.2.2 Potential Depths of Soil Freezing and Thawing. - 8.2.3 The Development of Thermokarst. - 8.3 Causes of Thermokarst. - 8.3.1 General Comments. - 8.3.2 Specific Causes. - 8.4 Thaw-Related Processes. - 8.4.1 Thermokarst Subsidence (Thaw Settlement). - 8.4.2 Thermal Erosion. - 8.4.3 Other Processes. - 8.5 Thermokarst Sediments and Structures. - 8.5.1 Involuted Structures. - 8.5.2 Retrogressive-Thaw-Slumps and Debris-Flow Deposits. - 8.5.3 Ice-Wedge Pseudomorphs and Composite-Wedge Casts. - 8.5.4 Ice, Silt, Sand and Gravel Pseudomorphs. - 8.6 Thermokarst Landscapes. - 8.6.1 The Alas-Thermokarst Relief of Central Yakutia. - 8.6.2 The Western North American Arctic. - 8.6.3 The Ice-Free Areas of Continental Antarctica. - 8.7 Ice-Wedge Thermokarst Relief. - 8.7.1 Low-Centred Polygons. - 8.7.2 High-Centred Polygons. - 8.7.3 Badland Thermokarst Relief. - 8.8 Thaw Lakes and Depressions. - 8.8.1 Lakes and Taliks. - 8.8.2 Morphology. - 8.8.3 Growth and Drainage. - 8.8.4 Oriented Thaw Lakes. - Part III Periglacial Geomorphology. - 9 Cold-Climate Weathering. - 9.1 Introduction. - 9.2 General Weathering Facts. - 9.3 Freezing and Thawing Indices. - 9.4 Rock (Frost?) Shattering. - 9.4.1 Frost Action and Ice Segregation. - 9.4.2 Insolation and Thermal Shock. - 9.4.3 Perspective. - 9.5 Chemical Weathering. - 9.5.1 Karkevagge. - 9.5.2 Solution and Karstification. - 9.5.3 Salt Weathering. - 9.6 Cryogenic Weathering. - 9.6.1 Cryogenic Disintegration. - 9.6.2 The Coefficient of Cryogenic Contrast. - 9.6.3 Physico-Chemical Changes. - 9.6.4 Problematic Phenomena. - 9.7 Cryobiological Weathering. - 9.8 Rates of Cold-Climate Bedrock Weathering. - 9.9 Cryosols and Cryopedology. - 9.9.1 Cryosols. - 9.9.2 Classification. - 9.9.3 Cryosolic Micromorphology. - 10 Mass-Wasting Processes and Active-Layer Phenomena. - 10.1 Introduction. - 10.2 Slow Mass-Wasting Processes. - 10.2.1 Solifluction. - 10.2.2 Frost Creep. - 10.2.3 Gelifluction. - 10.2.4 Solifluction Deposits and Phenomena. - 10.3 Rapid Mass-Wasting Processes. - 10.3.1 Active-Layer-Detachment Slides. - 10.3.2 Debris Flows, Slush Flows and Avalanches. - 10.3.3 Rockfall. - 10.4 Snow Hydrology and Slopewash Processes. - 10.4.1 Snow Hydrology and Snowbanks. - 10.4.2 Surface and Subsurface Wash. - 10.5 Active-Layer Phenomena. - 10.5.1 Frost Heaving. - 10.5.2 Bedrock Heave. - 10.5.3 Upward Heaving of Stones and Objects. - 10.5.4 Stone Tilting. - 10.5.5 Ne

Note: Contents: Part 1: Introduction ; The Global Adaptation Community Expands Its Scope ; Part 2: Urban Risk and Assessing Vulnerability at the Local Level ; Introduction: Urban Risk and Assessing Vulnerability at the Local Level ; A Region at Risk: Policy Determination Through Vulnerability Hotspot Assessment ; Developing a Framework for Assessing Coastal Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise in Southern New England, USA ; Quantifying Impacts of Potential Sea-Level Rise Scenarios on Irish Coastal Cities ; Mapping Risk and Vulnerability in São Paulo Metropolitan Region ; Water Crisis: Public Management of a Critical Situation ; Environmental Assessment and Restoration of Typhoon Morakot Disaster: A Case Study in Kaohsiung, Chinese Taipei ; Flood Risk Protection Concept for the Urban Region Geising/Altenberg in the Flood Formation Area of the Eastern Ore Mountains, Germany ; Part 3: Toward the Resilient City ; Introduction: Toward the Resilient City ; Water, Energy and Food Security in Mexico City ; Nature at the Heart of Urban Design for Resilience ; Smart City: Energy Efficiency in a New Scope ; Resilient Food Systems for Resilient Cities ; Urban Agriculture Casablanca ; Adapting Cities to Climate Change: Scenarios for Urban Neighbourhoods in the City of Essen ; Combining Urban Development with Climate Change Adaptation Using a Systems Approach ; Towards Resilient Architecture ; Towards More Resilient Water Infrastructures ; Building ‘Equitable’ Urban Resilience: The Challenge for Cities ; Climate Change and the Urban Poor: Support of the German Development Cooperation to a City in Bangladesh ; The Green Infrastructure Transect: An Organizational Framework for Mainstreaming Adaptation Planning Policies ; Part 4: Frameworks for Local Response to Climate Change: Challenges and Recommendations ; Introduction: Framework for Local Responses to Climate Change: Challenges and Recommendations ; Building Resilience in Asian Cities ; A Science-Policy Approach Towards Local Adaptation Planning: The Case of Santiago de Chile ; Participatory Action Adaptation: Tools for Increasing Climate Change Capacity and Preparedness at the Local Government Level ; Knowledge and Information for Resilient Cities ; Climate Change Guidelines for Urban Planning in the Basque Country ; Integrated Roadmapping to Shape Adaptation Processes in Metropolitan Areas ; The Significance of Adaptation Framing in Local and Regional Climate Change Adaptation Initiatives in Australia ; Decision-Making Frameworks for Adaptation to Extremes in Two Local Government Areas: Comparing and Contrasting India and Australia ; Urban Climate Governance in the Philippines, Mexico and South Africa: National- and State-Level Laws and Policies ; Space for Adapting: Reconciling Adaptation and Mitigation in Local Climate Change Plans ; The Early Experiences of Local Climate Change Adaptation in Norway Compared with That of Local Agenda 21 ; Climate Change Adaptation Plan of Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ; Integrated Climate Action: Linking Mitigation and Adaptation to Make Indonesian Cities Resilient ; Enhancing the Climate Change Adaptation Capabilities of Local Governments in Korea: Supporting Programs for Local Adaptation Plan ; Reality Check: Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam ; Part 5: Financing the Resilient City ; Introduction: Financing the Resilient City ; A Demand-Driven Approach to Development, Disaster Risk Reduction, and Climate Adaptation ; Smarter Interventions in an Age of Uncertainty ; Linking Resilience and Green Growth: How Green Business Can Contribute to More Resilient Cities in India ; Green Areas Inner-City Agreement (GAIA): How Local Enterprises Can Contribute to Local Adaptation to Climate Change ; Financing Climate Change Adaptation: The Copenhagen Case ; Challenges on the Way to Financing Urban Climate Change Adaptation

Note: New citizens, new societies: new sciences, new philosophies?Objectivity for sciences from below -- Women, gender, development: maximally objective research? -- Do Micronesian navigators practice science? -- Pluralism, multiplicity, and the disunity of sciences -- Must sciences be secular? -- After Mr. Nowhere: new proper scientific selves..

Note: Contents: Preface. - Part I German oceanographic institutions. - Part II German oceanographic expeditions. - Part III German oceanographers. - References.

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction St. Marys River Ice problems Remedial measures Field studies Highlights, trends, and major findings Modifications to boom Maximum forces Ship traffic Characteristics Effect of boom forces Effect on ice Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Ice boom forces

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Experiments Test flume facility Experimental apparatus Experimental procedure Results Plastic versus freshwater ice Shoreline forces Boom forces Average shear stress under ice cover Internal forces Discussion Data scatter Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Experimental results

Note: Contents: Introduction -- Answer -- Creating a technology -- Scientific origins -- US technology push -- Building a market -- Japanese niche markets -- German demand pull -- Making it cheap -- Chinese entrepreneurs -- Local learning -- Doing it again -- Solar as a model to follow -- Applying the model -- Accelerating innovation.

Note: Text auf Englisch, Vorwort auf Deutsch, Französisch und Englisch, Zusammenfassung auf Deutsch, Französisch und Englisch.

Note: Introduction to the hydrologic cycle and drought -- Global hydroclimatology -- Drought in the climate system -- Drought and hydroclimate variability in the Holocene -- Climate change and drought -- Case studies: the Dust Bowl and the Sahel drought -- Desertification and land degradation -- Groundwater and irrigation.

Note: Contents: Foreword to the Encyclopedia ; Foreword to Volume 1 ; Introduction to Volume 1 ; PART I GENERAL THEMES The Goals of Climate Policy ; 1. The Science of Climate Change: A Legal Perspective on the IPCC ; 2. The Precautionary Principle and Climate Change ; 3. Setting the Social Cost of Carbon ; 4. Human Rights and Climate Change: Building Synergies for a Common Future ; Approaches to Addressing Climate Change ; 5. Climate Policy Instrument Choices ; 6. Corporate Social Responsibility and Climate Change ; 7. Local Authorities and Climate Change ; 8. Individual Behaviour, The Social Sciences and Climate Change ; 9. Criminal Law and Climate Change ; 10. Research and Scholarship on Climate Change Law in Developing Countries ; PART II INTERNATIONAL LAW PERSPECTIVE General Issues ; 11. The Climate as a Global Common ; 12. CBDR and Climate Change ; 13. The Potential Roles of the ICJ in Climate Change-related Claims ; 14. Unilateralism, Extraterritoriality and Climate Change ; 15. Climate Engineering and International Law ; 16. Carbon Capture and Storage as a Bridging Technology ; Treaties Related to Climate Change ; The UN Negotiation Process ; 17. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: A Framework Approach to Climate Change ; 18. The UNFCCC: Legal Scholarship in Four Key Areas ; 19. The Kyoto Protocol, With a Special Focus on the Flexible Mechanisms ; 20. The Kyoto Protocol’s Compliance Mechanism ; 21. REDD+ as a Climate Change Mitigation Mechanism ; 22. International Treaty Fragmentation and Climate Change ; Alternative International Approaches ; 23. ICAO and IMO: International Sectoral Approaches to Greenhouse Gas Reductions in Transport ; 24. Interlinkages Between Climate Change, Ozone Depletion and Air Pollution: The International Legal Framework ; 25. The WTO and Climate Change ; 26. Climate Change and International Investment Treaties ; PART III NATIONAL AND REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON REDUCING GREENHOUSE GASES General Issues ; 27. Polycentrism and Climate Change ; 28. Climate Change Federalism ; 29. Environmental Impact Assessments and Climate Change ; 30. The Role of the National Courts in GHG Emissions Reductions ; Regional and National Mitigation Approaches ; Emissions Trading ; 31. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading in the EU ; 32. North American Greenhouse Gas Emission Trading Systems ; 33. Emissions Trading in China ; Other Regulatory Approaches to Reduce Greenhouse Gases ; 34. Traditional Regulation’s Role in Greenhouse Gas Abatement ; 35. Carbon Taxes ; 36. Transportation as a Climate Wedge and Challenge under United States Law ; 37. Biofuel ; 38. Renewable Energy: Support Mechanisms ; 39. Renewable Energy: Public Acceptance and Citizens’ Financial Participation ; 40. Energy Efficiency and Conservation ; Mitigation Strategies in Developing Countries ; 41. India’s Climate Change Mitigation Strategy ; 42. Green Growth Policy in Korea ; PART IV ADAPTATION Specific Impacts and Sectors ; 43. Integrated Water Law and Climate Change: An EU Perspective ; 44. Water Availability and Allocation ; 45. Managing Ecosystem Effects in an Era of Rapid Climate Change ; 46.Ocean Adaptation ; 47. Coastal Issues ; 48. Adaptation and the Energy Sector ; Cross-cutting Issues and Adaptation Techniques ; 49. Adaptation Justice ; 50. Loss and Damage in the UN Climate Regime ; 51. Indigenous Peoples and Climate Change ; 52. Human Mobility and Climate Change ; 53. Urban Planning and Climate Change ; 54. Insurance ; 55. Disaster Law and Climate Change ; PART V CONCLUSIONS 56. The Emergence of Global Climate Law

Note: Contents: Introduction to Volume 2 ; 9. The paradoxes of democracy and the rule of law ; 10. Violence, wars, peace, security ; 11. International organizations and the technologies of governance ; 12. Governing capital, labor and nature in a changing world ; 13. Media and communications ; 14. Challenges of inequality to democracy

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test sections Installing instruments and sampling Laboratory tests Asphalt concrete Base, subbase and subgrade soils Data analysis for base, subbase and subgrade soils Field tests Analysis of plate loading tests Analytical approach Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Field data Appendix B: Ground temperatures, moisture tension, water table and freezing iso-therms prevailing during plate loading tests Appendix C: Measured surface deflections compared with deflections calculated by NELAPAV Appendix D: Resilient moduli and supporting data calculated by NELAPA V at radius 0.0, taxiways A and B.

Note: Contents Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Test objectives Experimental setup and procedures Facilities Test fixture Data acquisiton system Ice sheets Measurement of ice properties Daily test summary Experimental results and discussion Observations Ice force records Frequency of ice force variations Discussion Maximum crushing forces Mean effective pressure or specific energy of ice in crushing Failure energy of ice Ratio of maximum force to mean force Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Data for continuous crushing tests

Note: Contents Volume 1 Part I Natural Science Basics 1 Introduction into Physical Oceanography / Rebecca Hummels 2 Ecological Organization of the Sea / Birte Matthiessen, Franziska Julie Werner, and Matthias Paulsen 3 Marine Ecosystem Services / Markus Salomon and Henriette Dahms Part II Impacts of Sectoral Marine Activities 4 Impact of Fishing Activities on Marine Life / Gerd Kraus and Rabea Diekmann 5 Mariculture / Thomas A. Wilding, Kenneth D. Black, Steven Benjamins, and Iona Campbell 6 Shipping / Alan Simcock 7 Impacts of Coastal Developments on Ecosystems / Christian Winter 8 Offshore Oil and Gas Production and Transportation / Stanislav Patin 9 Exploitation of Offshore Wind Energy / Jens Lüdeke 10 Dredging for Navigation, for Environmental Cleanup, and for Sand/Aggregates / Craig Vogt, Eugene Peck, and Gregory Hartman 11 Environmental Risks of Deep-sea Mining / Philip P. E. Weaver, David S. M. Billett, and Cindy L. Van Dover 12 Dumped Chemical Weapons / Jacek Bełdowski 13 Marine Climate Engineering / David P. Keller Part III Impacts of Land-Based Activities 14 Agriculture / Oene Oenema, Qian Liu, and Jingmeng Wang 15 Land-Based Industries / Elisabeth Schmid 16 Land-Based Wastewater Management / Stephan Koester 17 Tourism / Alan Simcock Part IV Pollution from Diffuse Sources 18 Climate Change: Warming Impacts on Marine Biodiversity / Helmut Hillebrand, Thomas Brey, Julian Gutt, Wilhelm Hagen, Katja Metfies, Bettina Meyer, and Aleksandra Lewandowska 19 Ocean Acidification / Peter Thor and Sam Dupont 20 Pollution with Hazardous Substances / Katja Broeg and Norbert Theobald 21 Pollution with Radioactive Substances / Hartmut Nies 22 Eutrophication / Justus E. E. van Beusekom 23 Marine Litter / Stefanie Werner and Aleke Stöfen O’Brien 24 Input of Energy/Underwater Sound / Olaf Boebel, Elke Burkhardt, and Ilse van Opzeeland 25 Introduction of Non-indigenous Species / Ralph Kuhlenkamp and Britta Kind

Note: Contents: CHAPTER 1 Introduction ; CHAPTER 2 A Classical Monetary Model ; CHAPTER 3 The Basic New Keynesian Model ; CHAPTER 4 Monetary Policy Design in the Basic New Keynesian Model ; CHAPTER 5 Monetary Policy Tradeoffs: Discretion versus Commitment ; CHAPTER 6 A Model with Sticky Wages and Prices ; CHAPTER 7 Unemployment in the New Keynesian Model ; CHAPTER 8 Monetary Policy in the Open Economy ; CHAPTER 9 Lessons, Extensions, and New Directions ; Index

Note: Mit engl., franz. und russ. Zsfassungen

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Members of Permanent Working Groups and Groups of Specialists of SCAR. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 1987 - October 1988. - II. Planned Activities, October 1988 - October 1989. - References. - Addenda to Former Reports. - Index of Activities.

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Members of Permanent Working Groups and Groups of Specialists of SCAR. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 1986 - October 1987. - II. Planned Activities, October 1987 - October 1988. - References. - Addenda to Former Reports. - Index of Activities.

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 83-October 84. - II. Planned Activities, October 84-October 85. - References.

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 80-October 81. - II. Planned Activities, October 81-October 82. - References.

Note: VOLUME III PART 2 : POSTER CONTRIBUTIONS (continued) M. Braune: SIMPLIFIED MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR BACKSCATTERING OF X-RAYS H.-W. Thümmel, G. Korner, J.W. Leonhardt: STATE AND PERFORMANCE OF ON-STREAM ASH CONTENT DETERMINATION IN LIGNITE AND BLACK COAL USING THE 2-ENERGY TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUE H.-W. Thümmel, G. Korner, Oh. Beutel, W. Riedel, U. Gräfenhain, J.W. Leonhardt: KRAS-2 - A GAUGE FOR THE ON-STREAM DETERMINATION OF THE ASH CONTENT IN RAW LIGNITE AT POWER STATIONS D. Fritzsche, H.-W. Thümmel: A SCATTER MODEL FOR CAlCULATION OF GAMMA RAY INTENSITIES IN SCATTER-TRANSMISSION GEOMETRY L. Meray, E. Hazi: DECONTAMINATION TEST WITH ISOTOPE INDUCED X-RAY FLUORESCENCE METHOD H. Silveira da Silva: CALCULATION OF THE DOSIMETER RESPONSE AS A FUNCTION OF THE GAMMA RADIATION ENERGY L. Wawrzonek, J. Parus: OPTIMIZATION OF RADIOMETRIC METHOD OF ASH CONTENT DETERMINATION IN BROWN COAL SAMPLES G. Körner, G. Fischer, D. Fritzsche, J.W. Leonhardt, K. Rosenbaum, H.-W. Thümmel: EXPERIENCE IN RADIOMETRIC ON-LINE DETERMINATION R. Göldner, E. Maul, D. Wagner: FAST NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF BROWN COAL SAMPLES FOR SILICON AND ASH B. Heinrich, K. Irmer, R. Pötschke: FAST ANALYSIS OF CARBON CONTENT BY INELASTIC SCATTERING OF NEUTRONS H.-W. Thümmel, M. Frenzel, D. Fritzsche, T. Cechak, J. Kluson: INFLUENCE OF SAMPLE INHOMOGENEITIES ON THE SIGNAL OF 60 keV SCATTER-TRANSMISSION ASH GAUGES W. Michel, U. Paul, D. Luther, H.-G. Könnecke, H.-C. Abendroth: STUDIES ON THE RESIDENCE TIME BEHAVIOUR OF TECHNICAL GRAIN SIZES IN FLUIDIZED BEDS Z. Kolar, J. Thýn, W. Martens, A. Korving: THE MEASUREMENT OF GAS RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION IN A PRESSURIZED FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTOR USING 41Ar AS RADIOTRACER E. Iller, B.J. Trznadel: OPERATION EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF LOOP REACTOR FOR COAL LIQUEFACTION, ON THE GROUNDS OF RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATIONS K. Wagner, T. Grätsch, J. Schüttau: PROCESS ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNOLOGY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GRAPHITE ELECTRODES BY THE AID OF RADIOISOTOPES G. Krüger, V. Kliem, M. Kreher, N. Boy: A COMPUTER-AIDED X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYZER WITH RADIONUCLIDE EXCITATION H. Firganek, A. Żak, J. Siewierski, S. Zielienski: RADIOISOTOPE INVESTIGATIONS OF WATER LEACHING OF VANADIUM COMPOUNDS FROM POLYMETALLIC ORE D. Degering, S. Unterricker: DETERMINATION OF SMALL YTTRIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN GEOLOGICAL SAMPLES BY CHARGED PARTICLE ACTIVATION ANALYSIS J. Parus: DETERMINATION OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS WITH RADIOISOTOPE EXCITED X-RAY FLUORESCENCE E. Kowalska, P. Urbański, D. Wagner, H. Bruchertseifer: DETERMINATION OF SILVER CONTENT IN SOME CARRIER MATERIALS BY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUE L. Rowinska, L. Waliś, W. Dalecki, M. Kusowski: EFFICIENCY OF METAL PURIFICATION BY VACUUM DISTILLATION TECHNIQUE A. Salamon, Z. Demendy: AN EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDY FOR THE MOTION AND TRAPPING OF INCLUSIONS DURING CONTINUOUS CASTING OF STEEL L. Petryka, Z. Stegowski, L. Furman: COMPLEX INVESTIGATIONS OF COPPER ORE DRESSING PROCESS L. Petryka, Z. Stegowski, L. Furman: MODELLING OF COPPER ORE CONCENTRATION PROCESS J. Palige: RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATION OF THE COPPER PRODUCTION FLASH PROCESS R. Rachlitz, J. Holzhey, W. Böhme, H. Bohmeier, H. Gärtner: SULPHUR DISTRIBUTION, PRINCIPLE OF SOLIDIFICATION AND THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE LIQUID-SOLID INTERFACE IN CONTINOUS COPPER CASTING H. Jaskolska., L. Waliś, C. Janusz: INVESTIGATIONS OF CALCIUM DISTRIBUTION IN GGG MONOCRYSTALS BY MEANS OF LABELLED ATOMS METHOD M. Harasimowicz, J. Palige: RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATIONS OF THE GLASS MELTING PROCESS IN TANK FURNACES G. Philipp, H. Hippius, K. Köpping, H. Ulrich: SUITABILITY OF DIFFERENT RADIOTRACERS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF HOMOGENIZING PROCESSES IN GLASS MELTING FURNACES H. Kupsch, W. Heller: AN ACCELERATOR PRODUCED SHORT-LIVED RADIONUCLIDE FOR THE TRACERTECHNIQUE OF GYPSUM IN A LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION PLANT OF GAS CONCRETE W. Stuchlik, A. Knobloch, B. Kupsch, H.-W. Thümmel, S. Volker: RADIOMETRIC RESIDUAL VOLUME MONITORING IN LARGE BINS USING A MICROCOMPUTER D. Eckstein, H.-G. Jäckel, H. Stechemesser, D. Espig: RADIAL DISTRIBUTION OF MATERIAL IN A BOND MILL DETERMINED BY RADIOTRACER TECHNIQUE A. Zeuner, K. Henning, M. Kiessling: INVESTIGATION OF THE MATERIAL TRANSPORT BEHAVIOUR OF TUBE- AND TROUGH- VIBRATION MILLS BY RADIOACTIVE INDICATORS H. Kupsch, W. Heller: A METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF A WET MIXER K.-D. Weißenborn, H.-P. Chowanetz, H. Ulrich, K. Köpping: RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATIONS IN LARGE HOMOGENIZATION SILOS TO DETERMINE THE MOTION OF PARTICLES OF DIFFERENT SIZES G.-J. Beyer, M. Böttger, K. Eichhorn, H. Guratzsch, H. Kupsch, K. Regel, G. Winter: USING OF THE ROSSENDORF CYCLOTRON U-120 IN SCIENCE, MEDICINE AND TECHNOLOGY M. Waiblinger, T. Kuhrt, H. Bergmann, K. Hertwig, K. Köpping, H. Ulrich: RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATIONS IN ELECTROLYSE CELLS - SPECIAL PROBLEMS AND USE FOR PROCESS CONTROL K.-D. Rauchstein, H. Leder, W. Walter, K. Köpping, H. Ulrich: RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATIONS IN TECHNICAL MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS AND PRACTICAL USE FOR THE VALUATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC CONDITIONS IN CHEMICAL MULTISTAGE COLUMNES E. Iller, T. Klimkiewicz: OPERATION ANALYSIS OF DIGESTER IN THE CONTINUOUS COOKING PROCESS OF PINEWOOD CHIPS, ON THE GROUNDS OF RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATIONS H. Vocke: DETERMINATION OF RESIDENCE TIME DISPERSION OF POLYMER MELTS IN SPINNING MACHINES BY TRACER APPLICATION J. Flachowsky, H.-H. Deicke: A SIMPLE MONITORING TECHNIQUE TO MEASURE THE RADIOACTIVITY LEVEL OF MEMBRANE FILTERS J. Flachowsky: DETERMINATION OF THE KINETICS OF TRACE ELEMENT ADSORPTION ON SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES USING RADIOANALYTICAL AND AUTORADIOGRAPHIC METHODS

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Testing Material Specimen preparation Testing procedure and apparatus Results Discussion Peak tensile strength, σm Failure tensile strain, ϵf Initial tangent modulus and 50% peak strength modulus Discussion of test techniques Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Physical properties of Fairbanks silt specimens Appendix B: Unfrozen water content data of Fairbanks silt with three typical water contents

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Measurements Spectra u and w velocity spectra Temperature and humidity spectra Inertial-dissipation estimates Cospectra u-w cospectra w-t and w-q cospectra t-q cospectra Refractive index spectra Conclusions Literature cited

Note: Contents: 1. Indian diversity and global migrations ; 2. The great Indian migration wave ; 3. Merchants and capital ; 4. Diasporas and Dreams ; 5. Partitions and displacments ; 6. Migration and development

Note: Contents: 1 Introduction ; 2 Theories of Migration ; 3 How Migration Transforms Societies ; 4 International Migration before 1945 ; 5 Migration in Europe since 1945 ; 6 Migration in the Americas ; 7 Migration in the Asia-Pacific Region ; 8 Migration in Africa and the Middle East ;9 Migration, Security and the Debate on Climate Change ; 10 The State and International Migration: The Quest for Control ; 11 Migrants and Minorities in the Labour Force ; 12 New Ethnic Minorities and Society ; 13 Immigrants and Politics ; 14 Conclusion: Migration in the Twenty-First Century

Note: Why economic geography is good for you -- What is economic geography? -- Inventing economic geography : histories of a discipline -- Economic geography and its border country -- Theory and theories in economic geography -- Method and methodology in economic geography -- Unboxing economic geography -- Globalization and uneven development -- Money and finance -- Cities and urbanization -- Nature and the environment -- Industrial and technological change.

Note: Contents: 1 Religion: It's a market ; 2 What determines religiousness ; 3 Religion and economic growth ; 4 Islam and economic growth ; 5 State religion ; 6 Religious clubs, terrorist organizations, and Tibetan Buddhism ; 7 When saints come marching in ; 8 The wealth of religions

Note: Contents: 1: Looking Foolish ; 2: The Demographics of Disaffiliation ; 3: Why They Say They Leave ; 4: The Night Before ; 5: Gaudium et spes, luctus et angor ; 6: The Morning After ; 7: Unto the Third and Fourth Generations ; Epilogue: Did the Council Fail?

Note: 1 Kartenbeilage unter dem Titel: Neuschwabenland (West) 〈1 : 2.000.000〉, Bildflugroutenübersicht Antarktis-Expediton 1983/84 = Aerial Survey Route Map. - 2. Ausgabe. - Frankfurt am Main : Institut für Angewandte Geodäsie (IfAG), 1985. , 1 Beilage unter dem Titel: Supplement to National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR, No. 7 (July 1985) , Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Members of Permanent Working Groups and Groups of Specialists of SCAR. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 84-October 85. - II. Planned Activities, October 1985 - October 1986. - References. - Addenda to Former Reports. - Index of Activities.

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 81-October 82. - II. Planned Activities, October 82-October 83. - References.

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research of the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Station. - Field Activities 1974-1979. - Planned Activities 1979/80. - References.

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART ONE: HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENTS OF ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - CONSIDERATION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS BY SCAR AND ANTARCTIC TREATY CONSULTATIVE PARTIES. - ANTARCTIC TREATY RESOLUTIONS ON ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - WMO RESOLUTIONS AND PRINCIPLES ON ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Engineering principles of the GTS. - 3. Functions and responsibilities of Meteorological Telecommunications Centres. - 4. Characteristics of the networks of the GTS. - 5. Operational principles of the GTS. - 6. The transmission of meteorological data on the GTS. - 7. Collection and transmission of meteorological data. - 8. Data processing. - 9. Telecommunications system. - 10. Weather reporting by traverse parties. - 11. Automatic weather stations in the Antarctic. - 12. AIREP reports. - 13. Mobile ship stations. - OTHER RELEVANT RECOMMENDATIONS AND RESOLUTIONS. - APPENDICES. - APPENDIX I. - Manual on the Global Data Processing System. - Vol. II - regional aspects, the Antarctic. - Data-processing and meteorological service activities in the Antarctic. - APPENDIX II. - Stations and observational programs comprising the Basic Synoptic Network in the Antarctic. - APPENDIX III. - Network of CLIMA T and CLIMAT TEMP reporting stations in the Antarctic. - APPENDIX IV. - Summary information of the collection of meteorological observational data by individual centres. - APPENDIX V. - Manual on the Global Telecommunications System. - Vol. II - regional aspects, the Antarctic. - Antarctic data telecommunications arrangements. - , TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART TWO: INTRODUCTION TO PART TWO. - RADIO PROCEDURES IN ANTARCTICA. - Introduction. - Distress and emergency procedures. - Control of circuits. - Traffic procedures. - USES OF CODES AND ABBREVIATIONS. - General. - Radio telegraphy. - Radio telephony. - Signal reporting codes. - Unofficial codes. - RADIO TELEPHONE OPERATIONS. - RADIO TELEPRINTER (RTTY) PROCEDURE. - General. - Preparation of teleprinter tapes. - General message format. - METEOROLOGICAL MESSAGES. - Introduction. - Format of meteorological messages. - Addressed messages. - Additional procedures. - Types of meteorological data messages. - List of stations carrying out meteorological observations. - Radio facsimile broadcasts of meteorological analyses charts. - Radio Teletype broadcasts of coded meteorological data. - ANTARCTIC STATIONS FITTED WITH INMARSAT FACILITIES. - EXCHANGE INFORMATION ON ANTARCTIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS. - EQUIPMENT AND SCHEDULES.

Note: Contents: What Is Telecoupling? ; Telecoupling: A New Framework for Researching Land-Use Change in a Globalised World ; Explanations in Telecoupling Research ; Mapping Export-Oriented Crop Production ; Telecoupling and Consumption in Agri-Food Systems ; Toolbox: Flow Analysis—Social Metabolism in the Analysis of Telecoupling ; Trade and Land-Use Telecouplings ; Governance for Sustainability in Telecoupled Systems ; Toolbox: Operationalising Telecoupling with Network Analysis ; Environmental Justice in Telecoupling Research ; Livelihoods through the Lens of Telecoupling ; Toolbox: Spatial Analysis and Modelling ; Urban Telecouplings ; Conservation Telecouplings ; Toolbox: Capturing and Understanding Telecoupling through Qualitative Research ; Discursive Telecouplings ; Beyond Integration: Exploring the Interdisciplinary Potential of Telecoupling Research ; Co-producing Knowledge for Sustainable Development in Telecoupled Land Systems

Note: Contents Preface Curriculum Vitae List of Publications by Horst Lange-Bertalot Bahls, L.: Seven new species in Navicula sensu stricto from the Northern Great Plains and Northern Rocky Mountains. Blanco, S., B. Van de Vijver, A. Vinocur, G. Mataloni, J. Goma, M. H. Novais & L. Ector: Hippodonta lange-bertalotii Van de Vijver, Mataloni & Vinocur sp. nov. and related small-celled Hippodonta taxa. Burliga, A. L. & J. P. Kociolek : Four new Eunotia Ehrenberg species (Bacillariophyceae) from pristine regions of Carajas National Forest, Amazonia, Brazil. Cantonati, M., M. Leira, N. Angeli & C. Lopez Rodriguez: Naviculadicta langebertcdotii sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) from streams in Galicia (N-W Spain). Karthick, B., P. B. Hamilton & J. P. Kociolek: Taxonomy and biogeography of some Surirella Turpin (Bacillariophyceae) taxa from Peninsular India. Karthick, B. & Kociolek, J. P.: A new species of Pleurosigma from Western Ghats, South India. Metzeltin, D.: Eunotia langebertalotii, a new species from Lambir Hills National Park in Sarawak, tropical East Malaysia Monnier, O., L. Ector, F. Rimet, M. Ferreol & L. Hoffmann: Adlafia langebertalotii sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), a new diatom from the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg morpho­logically similar to A. suchlandtii comb. nov. Morales, E. A., K. M. Manoylov & L. L. Bahls: Fragilariforma horstii sp. nov. (Ba­cillariophyceae) a new araphid species from the northern United States of America Reichardt, E.: Der Artenkomplex um Gomphonema occultum E. Reichardt & Lange-Bertalot (Bacillariophyceae): Variability und drei neue Arten Stachura-Suchoples, K.: On taxonomy of Pliocaenicus costatus species complex, varieties, demes or/and morphological variability? Trobajo, R., D. G. Mann & E. J. Cox: Studies on the type material of Nitzschia abbreviata (Bacillariophyta) Van de Vijver, B., B. Chattova, D. Metzeltin & M. Lebouvier: The genus Pinnularia (Bacillariophyta) on lie Amsterdam (TAAF, Southern Indian Ocean) Van de Vijver, B., A. Jarlman, M. de Haan & L. Ector: New and interesting diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) from Swedish rivers Williams, D. M.: Diatoma moniliforme: Commentary, relationships and an appropriate name Ake-Castillo, J. A., Y. B. Okolodkov, S. Espinosa-Matias, F. del C. Merino-Virgilio, J. A. Herrera-Silveira & L. Ector: Cyclotella marina (Tanimura, Nagumo et Kato) Ake-Castillo, Okolodkov et Ector comb, et stat. nov. (Thalassiosiraceae): a bloom-forming diatom in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico Belando, M. D., A. Marin & M. Aboal: Licmophora species from a Mediterranean hyper-saline coastal lagoon (Mar Menor, Murcia, SE Spain) Reid, G.: Toxonidea langebertalotii sp. nov. A new marine diatom from the Salvages Islands Riaux-Gobin, C., R Compere, A. Y. Al-Handal & F. Straub: SEM survey of some small-sized Planothidium (Bacillariophyta) from coral sands off Mascarenes. (Western Indian Ocean) Khursevich, G. & Kociolek, J. P.: A preliminary, worldwide inventory of the extinct, freshwater fossil diatoms from the orders Thalassiosirales, Stephanodiscales, Paraliales, Aulacoseirales, Melosirales, Coscindiscales, and Biddulphiales 315 Kulikovskiy, M. S., G. K. Khursevich & A. Witkowski: Encyonema horstii sp. nov., a species of unusual valve outline from the Pleistocene deposits of Lake Baikal Witkowski, J., D. M. Harwood & M. Kulikovskiy: Observations on Late Cretaceous ma­rine diatom resting spore genera Pseudoaulacodiscus and Archaegoniothecium gen. nov. Jasprica, N., M. Caric, F Krsinic, T. Kapetanovic, M. Batistic & J. Njire: Planktonic dia­toms and their environment in the lower Neretva River estuary (Eastern Adriatic Sea, NE Mediterranean) Solak, C. N., L. Ector, A. Z. Wojtal, E. Acs & E. A. Morales: A review of investigations on diatoms (Bacillariophyta) in Turkish inland waters Bak, M. & A. Szlauer-Lukaszewska: Bioindicative potential of diatoms and ostracods in the Odra mouth environment quality assessment Starrat, S. W.: Holocene diatom flora and climate history of Medicine Lake, Northern California, USA. Medlin, L., I. Yang & S. Sato: Evolution of the Diatoms. VII. Four gene Phylogeny as­sesses the validity of celected araphid genera Lang, I. & I. Kaczmarska: Morphological and molecular identity of diatom cells retrieved from ship ballast tanks destined for Vancouver, Canada Buczko, K.: The Pantocsek diatom and photomicrograph collectio n from 19th to 21th cen­tury

Note: Table of Contents Abstract Kurzfassung Abbreviations and nomenclature 1. Introduction 2. Scientific Background 2.1. Permafrost 2.2.Retrogressive Thaw Slumps 2.3. Inputs of Freshwater, Sediment and Carbon into the Canadian Beaufort Sea 3. Study Area 3.1. Regional Setting: Yukon Coast and Herschel Island 3.2. Retrogressive Thaw Slumps 4. Material and Methods 4.1. Field Work 4.1.1. Terrain Photography 4.1.2. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) 4.1.3. Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 4.1.4. Micrometeorology 4.1.5. Discharge Measurement 4.1.6. Multiple Regression-Statistical Relationships between Micrometeorological Variables and Discharge 4.1.7. Sampling 4.2. Laboratory Analyses 4.2.1. Sedimentological Analyses 4.2.2. Hydrochemical Analyses 4.3. Fluxes of Sediment and (In-) Organic Matter 5. Results 5.1. Field Work 5.1.1. Terrain Photography 5.1.2. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) 5.1.3. Light Detecting And Ranging (LiDAR) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 5.1.4. Micrometeorology 5.1.5. Discharge 5.1.6. Multiple Regression - Statistical Relationships between Micrometeorology and Discharge 5.2. Laboratory Analyses 5.2.1. Sedimentological Analyses 5.2.2. Hydrochemical Analyses 5.3. Fluxes of Sediment-meltwater 6. Discussion 6.1. Microclimatological and Geomorphological Factors Controlling Discharge 6.1.1. Diurnal Variations 6.1.2. Seasonal Variations 6.2. Contribution of Retrogressive Thaw Slumps to the Sediment Budget of the Yukon Coast 6.2.1. Origin of Outflow Material 6.2.2. Slump D in the Regional Context 6.2.3. Seasonal Sediment Budget Compilation for Slump D 6.2.4. Retrogressive Thaw Slump Occurrence along the Yukon Coast 6.2.5. Input to the Beaufort Sea 6.3. Projected Climatic Change and its Impact on Retrogressive Thaw Slump Outflow 6.4. Uncertainties and Limitations 6.5. Future Research 7. Conclusion 8. Appendix 8.1. Field Work 8.1.1. Slump D's northern headwall profile 8.1.2. Collinson Head slump 8.1.3. Herschel Island West Coast slump 8.1.4. Roland Bay slump 8.1.5. Kay Point slump 8.2. Laboratory Work 8.2.1. Volumetric Ice Content 8.2.2. Grain Size 8.3. Evolution of Slump D 8.3.1. Geo Eye satellite of Slump D 8.3.2. Aerial Oblique Photography of Slump D 8.3.3. LiDAR of Slump D 8.3.4. Time Lapse Photography of Slump D's Headwall 9. References 10. Financial and technical support 11. Acknowledgement - Danksagung

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background Objectives and procedures Equipment used Radar TDR Definitions Massive ice Results Artificial wedge: Norwich, Vermont Ice wedges in sand: Fish Creek, Alaska Ice wedges: Prudhoe Bay, Alaska Ice wedges under thawed fine-grained soils: North Slope, Alaska Wedge-like soil structures: Ft. Greely, Alaska TDR measurements Summary and concluding remarks Literature cited Appendix A: Brief discussion of dispersion

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Description of study Model results The problem Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Methods Site selection and preparation Prespill assessment Seawater application Postspill assessment Enzyme assay and analysis of soil flora Results and discussion Soil-solution conductivities Vascular plant response Cryptogam response Site factors and plant response Soil flora and extracellular soil enzymes Limitations of this study Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix: Plant taxa included in this study

Note: I. Single Degree of Freedom Systems 1. Equations of Motion, Problem Statement, and Solution Methods 2. Free Vibration 3. Response to Harmonic and Periodic Excitations 4. Response to Arbitrary, Step, and Pulse Excitations 5. Numerical Evaluation of Dynamic Response 6. Earthquake Response of Linear Systems 7. Earthquake Response of Inelastic Systems 8. Generalized Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems II. Multi Degree of Freedom Systems 9. Equations of Motion, Problem Statement, and Solution Methods 10. Free Vibration 11. Damping in Structures 12. Dynamic Analysis and Response of Linear Systems 13. Earthquake Analysis of Linear Systems 14. Analysis of Nonclassically Damped Linear Systems 15. Reduction of Degrees of Freedom 16. Numerical Evaluation of Dynamic Response 17. Systems with Distributed Mass and Elasticity 18. Introduction to the Finite Element Method III. Earthquake Response, Design, and Evaluation of Multistory Buildings 19. Earthquake Response of Linearly Elastic Buildings 20. Earthquake Analysis and Response of Inelastic Buildings 21. Earthquake Dynamics of Base-Isolated Buildings 22. Structural Dynamics in Building Codes 23. Structural Dynamics in Building Evaluation Guidelines

Note: Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction; 2. The global energy system; 3. Virtue and energy efficiency; 4. Utility and energy externalities; 5. Energy and human rights; 6. Energy and due process; 7. Energy poverty, access, and welfare; 8. Energy subsidies and freedom; 9. Energy resources and future generations; 10. Fairness, responsibility, and climate change; 11. Conclusion..

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Stream bank erosional processes Permafrost and related factors Permafrost and erosion General Erosional processes Bank zone processes Bluff zone processes Factors affecting perm afrost erodibility Exposure to currents and wind waves Texture and stratigraphy Ice content, distribution and type Slope aspect Coriolis force Timing and depth of thaw Water level and temperature Vegetation Ice and snow cover Groundwater Rates and timing of erosion and recession Overall effects of permafrost Recommendations for research Literature cited Appendix A : Processes of stream bank modifications

Note: Text auf Englisch, Vorwort auf Deutsch, Französisch und Englisch, Zusammenfassung auf Englisch und Deutsch.