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  • Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory  (137)
  • Warszawa : Panstw. Wyd. Naukowe  (26)
  • Englisch  (163)
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  • 1975-1979  (163)
  • 1
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Signatur: ZSP-201-79/3
    In: CRREL Report, 79-3
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: ii, 7 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 79-3
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: AWI Archiv
    Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Signatur: ZSP-201-79/7
    In: CRREL Report, 79-7
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Sediments beneath the Beaufort Sea near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, were probed at 27 sites using a static cone penetrometer to determine engineering properties and distribution of material types, including ice-bonded sediments. The probe provided both point and casing resistance data and thermal profiles. At five sites these data were correlated with information from adjacent drilled and sampled holes. These control data and the quality of the probe information permitted profiles of sediment type and occurrence of ice-bonded material to be developed along three lines that included various geological features and depositional environments. Material properties were quite variable in the upper 14 m of sediments probed. In general, softer, finer-grained sediments occurred in the upper layers, while penetration refusal was met in stiff gravels to 10 to 12 m below the seabed. Seabed temperatures during the study were all below 0 C. However, because of uncertainties in freezing point values caused by brines, evaluation of the penetration resistance data was required to identify the occurrence of ice-bonded sediments. The coupling of thermal and penetration resistance data revealed that seasonally ice-bonded sediments occurred where the sea ice froze back to or near the seabed. Deeper, perennially frozen sediments also appeared to be present at several probe sites. The penetration data obtained can be used to aid in the design of shallow and deep foundations in both ice-bonded and unfrozen subsea sediments.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iv, 49 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 79-7
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Equipment Data collection and reduction Data analysis and interpretation Point penetration resistance and material properties Lithologic and temperature profiles Casing penetration resistance Applications Shallow foundations Deep foundations Foundations in permafrost Correlations with laboratory tests Conclusions Selected bibliography Appendix A: Description of penetrometer and test procedures Appendix B: Point resistance and skin friction data
    Standort: AWI Archiv
    Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Bände
    In: CRREL Report, 79-5
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract: This report presents data from an experimental program undertaken to develop information on proposed and existing chemical grout solutions to provide engineering properties in connection with grouting of soils in ambient temperatures of 39° ±1°F (3.88°C) and below. Twelve grout solutions were investigated, including organic chemicals, sodium silicates, cements, and clay (bentonite). Set or gel tests were performed on each chemical solution, in the center of which a thermocouple was placed for measuring the rates of heat of reaction, except those of the cements and the clay. These solutions consisted of the mixing portions of the chemicals and were placed into 4-in.-diam by approximately 6-in.-long cylinders at an ambient temperature of 39°F.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: v, 38 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 79-5
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: AWI Archiv
    Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Signatur: ZSP-201-79/4
    In: CRREL Report, 79-4
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: A computer model is described to compute the amount of ice accretion on an object under a variety of initial conditions. Numerical techniques are best applied to these problems because of time dependent effects governing the amount of ice collected and also the variety of initial conditions that can lead to ice accumulation. The helicopter rotor icing problem adds an additional complexity since the velocity along the rotor blade varies over a wide range strongly affecting the amounts of ice collected at different blade positions. The physics of ice accretion is reviewed and the accounting for time-dependence in the computer model is described. Some model results are presented and indicate the dependence of ice accretion on velocity, droplet sizes, cloud liquid water content, and temperature for a cylindrical object of constant size.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iii, 39 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 79-4
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENT Abstract Preface Introduction Ice accretion parameters Physics of ice accretion Interaction between water droplets and flow field Time dependence in droplet trajectories Thermodynamic processes at the surface of the object Time dependence in the thermodynamics Time dependence of lesser order Numerical ice accretion model Major subroutines Options for droplet size variations Option for the helicopter rotor case Results Conclusions and future studies Literature cited Appendix A: Computer program
    Standort: AWI Archiv
    Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/9
    In: CRREL Report, 78-9
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Large, simply supported beams of temperate lake ice were found, generally, to yield significantly higher flexural strengths than the same beams tested in the cantilever mode. Data support the view that a significant stress concentration may exist at the fixed corners of the cantilever beams. Maximum effects are experienced with beams of cold, brittle ice substantially free of structural imperfections; for this kind of ice the strength difference factor, here attributed to the effect of stress concentrations, may exceed 2.0; that is, simply supported beams test a factor of 2 or more stronger than the same beams tested in the cantilever mode. In ice that has undergone extensive thermal degradation, the stress concentration effect may be eliminated entirely. Simply supported beams generally yield higher strengths when the top surfaces are placed in tension. This behavior is attributed to differences in ice type; the fine-grained, crack-free top layer of snow-ice which constituted up to 50% of the ice cover in the current series of tests usually reacted more strongly in tension than the coarse-grained crack-prone bottom lake ice.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iv, 14 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-9
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test sites and ice cover properties Beam testing Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited
    Standort: AWI Archiv
    Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/6
    In: CRREL Report, 78-6
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: A new freezing mechanism, called segregation freezing, is proposed to explain the generation of the suction force that draws pore water up to the freezing surface of a growing ice lens. The segregation freezing temperature is derived by applying thermodynamics to a soil mechanics concept that distinguishes the effective pressure from the neutral pressure. The frost-heaving pressure is formulated in the solution of the differential equations of the simultaneous flow of heat and water, of which the segregation freezing temperature is one of the boundary conditions.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iv, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-6
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Segregation freezing Analysis Heat conduction in the nascent ice layer Water flow in the unfrozen soil Heat transfer in the unfrozen soil Energy balance at the segregation-freezing front Numerical computation Literature cited Appendix A. Essence of Portnov’s method Appendix B. Frost-heaving without air available
    Standort: AWI Archiv
    Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Signatur: ZSP-201-77/31
    In: CRREL Report, 77-31
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Ten roofs in Concord, New Hampshire, were surveyed for wet insulation using a hand-held infrared camera. Suspected wet areas were marked on the roof with spray paint and roof samples were obtained to verify wet and dry conditions. Recommendations for maintenance and repair were made based on infrared findings, water contents, and visual examinations. An incremental economic study is presented to serve as a guide in determining the most cost-effective approach.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: v, 29 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 77-31
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: US, customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Introduction Infrared camera Core samples State House State House Annex State Library Legislative Office Building Public Health Complex Highway Garage Fish and Game Offlces Supreme Court John O. Morton Building Department of Health and Welfare Laboratory Economics of roof reinsulation Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited
    Standort: AWI Archiv
    Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/20
    In: CRREL Report, 78-20
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract: Measurements of the concentrations of Aitken nuclei in maritime air were made near Barrow, Alaska, in June 1975 with a modified Nolan-Pollack small-particle detector. The concentrations varied from 50 to 300 particles cm^-3 depending upon meteorological conditions. The mean Aitken nuclei count was 100 particles cm^-3 for diameters greater than 2 x 10^-3 μm. Transmission electron micrographs of aerosols in maritime air near Barrow were taken. The size range was measured to be 0.01 to 2.5 μm in diameter with the most frequently observed diameter being 0.04 μm. The volume of the maritime air and the collection efficiency of aerosol particles on filmed grids for electron microscopy were measured. The aerosol concentrations were found to be 76 to 101 particles cm^-3 ; the mean concentration was calculated to be 87 particles cm^-3. The aerosol particles in the maritime air were identified by electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction analysis. About 20% of the aerosol particles were identified, and 80% of the particles were too small for electron diffraction analysis. Sea salt particles constituted 2% of the total, and clay minerals 3%; these particles were considered to be of natural origin. Solid combustion by-products such as coagulated carbon particles and fly ash particles constituted 16%. Despite the comparative remoteness of the sampling site, the measurements indicate that many anthropogenic aerosols were found using an electron microscope.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: iv, 48 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-20
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: AWI Archiv
    Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Signatur: ZSP-201-78/18
    In: CRREL Report, 78-18
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The primary objective of this project was to demonstrate the utility of remote sensing techniques as an operational tool in the acquisition of data required by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, in the Grays Harbor dredging effects project, and related projects. Aerial imagery was used to map surface circulation and suspended sediment patterns near the hopper dredge pump site at the harbor entrance and near pulpmill outfalls in Aberdeen, and to map the areal distribution and extent of intertidal habitats. The surface circulation maps prepared from the aerial photographs and thermal imagery compared favorably with the large-scale circulation patterns observed in the Grays Harbor hydraulic model at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. Of the imagery provided by NASA, the thermal imagery was more useful than the color or color infrared (CIR) photographs for mapping circula­tion, while the CIR photographs were more useful than the thermal imagery or the color photographs for mapping intertidal habitats. Current velocities estimated from dye dispersion patterns and drifting dye drogues were comparable at some locations to velocities measured by in situ current meters and in the hydraulic model. Based on a cursory evaluation of LANDSAT-1 imagery acquired in January, February, and October 1973, it had limited utility in providing data on surface circulation patterns in Grays Harbor. The areal distribution and extent of nine wetland vegetation types, dune vegetation, and three types of eelgrass were mapped using primarily aerial C IR photographs and ground sur­veys. Color photographs were also used for areas not covered by the C IR photographs. Wetland vegetation types mapped were: low silty marsh, low sandy marsh, sedge marsh, high immature marsh, high mature marsh, salt marsh, diked pasture, freshwater marsh, and wooded swamp. Undiked salt marsh (first five types) covered 5540 acres (22.3 km2) in Grays Harbor.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: vi, 85 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 78-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Site description Background and objectives Project history Approach General Aircraft imagery and sensor data LANDSAT imagery Ground truth data Results and discussion Remote sensing techniques Conventional techniques Comparison of results Conclusions Advantages and disadvantages Applications Recommendations Literature cited
    Standort: AWI Archiv
    Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Dazugehörige Bände
    Signatur: ZSP-201-77/21
    In: CRREL Report, 77-21
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Cold weather limits the successful application of built-up roofing, but often a roof installation must be completed late in the fall or in the winter. The loose-laid protected membrane roof with a synthetic sheet membrane can be installed in the middle of the winter with complete reliability. A synthetic membrane is traditionally more expensive than built-up roofing (rising crude oil prices, however, have reversed this condition), but it has two special features besides its suitability for winter installation: it can be placed on a damp deck, if necessary, and, being losse-laid, it does not split because of deck movement. This report documents information on the installation of two roofs in Anchorage, Alaska, during January and February 1972, including a discussion of the necessary snow removal from the bare deck and the use of portable shelters for preparing the lap joints between sheets during very cold weather. The winter installation caused no special construction problems and the advantages of the synthetic membrane make it an attractive alternative to built-up roofing. The cost of loose-laid protected membrane roofs in Alaska was, in 1972, nearly $300 per square ($28/sq.m), including insulation. Prices are rising as labor costs rise and as more insulation is specified.
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: 5 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: CRREL Report 77-21
    Sprache: Englisch
    Anmerkung: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction The protected membrane roof Winter construction considerations Construction costs Conclusion
    Standort: AWI Archiv
    Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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