ALBERT

Description: Neues umfangreiches Material von Paraspirifer sandbergeriSolle, 1971 (Münnichsberg, Niederfell, Kühkopf) ermöglicht eine systematische Überprüfung der von Solle (1971)aufgestellten vier Unterarten dieser Art (Paraspirifer sandbergeri sandbergei, P. s. longimargo,P. s. brevimargo,P. s. nepos).Weitgehend verdrückungsunabhängige Parameter dienen als Rohmaterial für die variationsstatistische Auswertung. Aufgrund dieser Untersuchungen wird Paraspirifer sandbergeri brevimargoals Synonym von Paraspirifer sandbergeri longimargoangesehen und gleichzeitig in den Rang einer eigenständigen Art Paraspirifer longimargoSolle, 1971 erhoben. Eine neue Diagnose und Differentialdiagnose erlaubt die Unterscheidung zu verwandten Arten und Unterarten. Durch Vergleiche mit Brachyspirifer ignoratus können phylogenetische Trends zwischen diesen beiden Gattungen herausgearbeitet werden, die eine relative zeitliche Einordnung von Lokalitäten mit Brachyspirifer ignoratus (Miellen und Kühkopf) ermöglichen.

Description: Abstract: Paraspirifer sandbergeri Solle, 1971 is currently subdivided into four subspecies. With the aid of new abundant material from the Rhenish mountains (Lower Devonian) and biometrical methods, it is possible to check systematically this Separation. Based on these examinations Paraspirifer sandbergeri brevimargois regarded as a synonym of Paraspirifer sandbergeri longimargoand at the same time it is raised to the rank of a species Paraspirifer longimargo Solle, 1971. A diagnosis and differential diagnosis is given to separate it from related species or subspecies. A comparison with Brachyspirifer ignoratus (Maurer 1883) allows to find out phylogenetical trends between both genera and made it possible to recognize a relative Stratigraphie succession of different localities with Brachyspirifer ignoratus.

Description: research

Description: Aus überwiegend marinen Sedimenten in einem litoralen bis sublitoralen Ablagerungsbereich der Oberen Böhlen-Schichten (höheres Rupelium) der Leipziger Bucht wird eine Dinoflagellaten-Zysten-/Foraminiferen-Vergesellschaftung vorgestellt und paläoökologisch interpretiert.

Description: Abstract: An association of dinoflagellate cysts and foraminifers belonging to the Upper Böhlen-Schichten (marine sediments of the Upper Rupelium) in the Leipzig Basin is described and its palaeoecology is interpreted.

Description: research

Description: In einer Sandgrube bei Siefersheim wird ein 7,2 m mächtiges, durchgehend fossilführendes Profil im oligozänen Meeressand beschrieben. Es enthält eine diverse Fauna und lässt sich mit Hilfe von Foraminiferen biostratigraphisch mit anderen Meeressandprofilen und dem Mittleren Rupelton (Fischschiefer) korrelieren. Aufgrund der Sedimentologie, Mikrofazies und Karbonatzementstratigraphie sowie der Fossilführung des Profils kann eine Genese der Sande im Subtidal- bis Intertidalbereich an einem steilen Kies- bis Sandstrand nachgewiesen werden. So treten in den liegenden, kiesigen Partien des Profils vadose Zementtypen auf, die typisch für Beachrock sind. Die Fossilführung und die damit durchgeführten Paleocommunityanalysen zeigen eine transgressive Entwicklung mit allmählicher Wassertiefenzunahme innerhalb einer teilweise geschützten Bucht im Einflussbereich einer nahen Klippe.

Description: Abstract: A 7.2 m thick fossiliferous section of oligocene coastal sands was examined in a sand pit near Siefersheim (Mainz Basin, Germany). The sedimentology, the microfacies, the fabrics of carbonate cements and the fossil record suggest a sedimentation on a steep sub- to intertidal gravel- or sandbeach. So on the one hand vadose Mg-calcitic beachrock cements (submicrocrystalline cement and meniscus cement) occur only in the underlying rhyolite-gravel beds. On the other hand cemented bioclast sands of the capping sand layers show early diagenetic recrystallized fibrous cements and the top rhyolite-rubble and breccia beds contain late diagenetic Fe-calcitic drusy mosaic cements. For palaeocommunity-analysis the fossil record was applied. As a result five invertebrate- palaeocommunities with high contents of sessil suspension feeders and moderate diversities could be identified. They show an increase in water depth from about 0 to 25 m from the basal layer to the top, corresponding with a sea level rise of about 35 m. Summing up, it may be said that the sediments examined represent a gradual transgressive development in a partly protected bay in the neighbourhood of a rhyolithic cliff. The biostratigraphical correlation of the Siefersheim section with other Mainz Basin coastal sand profiles and the basin facies of the Middle Rupelian clay (the so called fish shale) was conducted on the basis of foraminifers.

Description: research

Description: Der Begriff Corbicula-Schichten wurde von SANDBERGER (1863) für Sedimente des Mainzer Beckens eingeführt, die zwei verschiedene „Corbicula”-Arten (heute als Falsocorbicula faujasii und Polymesoda donacina bezeichnet) beinhalten. Als stratigraphische Einheit umfassen die Corbicula-Schichten SANDERGERSs die aquatischen Molluskenzonen VII und VII nach KADOLSKY (1988). Der Fauneninhalt der Zone VII weist engere Beziehungen zum unmittelbar vorhergehenden Abschnitt der Cerithienschichten (Subzone Vle) auf, während die Zone VIII Beziehungen zu den überlagernden Hydrobienschichten erkennen läßt. Das historische Typusprofil der Corbicula-Schichten gehört vollständig in die Zone VII (höchster Abschnitt der Cerithienschichten), während der von SANDBERGER angeführte Fauneninhalt auch die Sedimente der Zone VII eindeutig als zu den Corbicula-Schichten gehörig ausweist. Verschiedene Autoren verwendeten den Begriff Corbicula-Schichten in jüngerer Zeit entweder für den stratigraphischen Bereich der Zonen VII und VII oder aber nur für den Bereich der Zone VII. Auf die stratigraphische Abfolge des Oberrheingrabens bezogen, wurden darüber hinaus wesentlich ältere Sedimente, die wahrscheinlich der Zone IV entsprechen, irrtümlich mit den Corbicula- Schichten des Mainzer Beckens korreliert. Der Begriff „Schichten der Hydrobia inflata“ wurde von Steuer (1910) für den stratigraphischen Bereich der Zone VIII eingeführt, die als Total-Range-Zone der endemischen Art Hydrobia inflata definiert ist. Der in letzter Zeit oft gebrauchte Ausdruck „Corbicula [= Inflatal-Schichten” ist nicht korrekt, da die beiden hierin als synonym angesehenen Begriffe in ihren ursprünglichen Definitionen nicht identisch sind. Es wird vorgeschlagen, den Begriff Inflata-Schichten für die Sedimente mit Hydrobia inflata beizubehalten (Zone VII) und die Sedimente der Zone VI als jüngsten Abschnitt der Cerithienschichten (= Oberer Teil der Oberen Cerithienschichten sensu DOEBL et al. 1972) anzusehen.

Description: Abstract: „Corbicula-Schichten” and „Inflata-Schichten” (Miocene, Mainz Basin): Clarification of the Definitions of two Different Stratigraphical Units. The term Corbicula-Schichten [Schichten = beds, strata] was proposed by SANDBERGER (1863) for sediments with two „Corbicula“ species (now Falsocorbicula faujasii and Polymesoda donacina) in the Mainz Basin. The unit in its original concept spans two recently defined local mollusk assemblage zones, VII and VIII. The fauna of the lower zone VII is more closely related to the immediately underlying parts of the Cerithienschichten (Subzone VIe), while the fauna of the younger zone VII resembles that of the overlying Hydrobien-Schichten. The historical type section Of SANDBERGERS Corbicula-Schichten belongs into zone VII, while zone VIII was also originally included according to the quoted faunal content. Subsequent usages of the term refer to zones VIL and VIIL or to VII only, and in deep wells in the Rhine Graben to probably zone IV due to a miscorrelation. The term „Schichten der Hydrobia inflata” was proposed by STEUER (1910) for sediments of zone VII, which is defined as the total range zone of the endemic species Hydrobia inflata. The more recent term „Corbicula [= Inflata]-Schichten” ist incorrect as the two terms combined here were originally not identical. It is proposed to retain the term Inflata-Schichten for sediments with Hydrobia inflata (zone VII) and to consider the sediments of the zone VIL as the youngest part of the Cerithienschichten (= Upper Part of the Upper Cerithienschichten sensu DOEBL. et al. 1972).

Description: research

Description: Neue Fossilfunde vorwiegend aus dem hohen Unterems der Rittersturzund Nellenköpfchen-Schichten werden beschrieben. Die unterschiedliche Zusammensetzung der Fauna in Schilien und Schieferfolgen wird diskutiert. Es wird vermutet, dass die unruhigen Sedimentationsverhältnisse im Wattbereich des Nellenköpfchens bei Koblenz, verbunden mit einem besonders häufigen Wechsel von Erosion und Sedimentation, Brachiopoden gegenüber den Bivalvia benachteiligten.

Description: Abstract: Biostratigraphic fossil research in the Koblenz-area (Lower Devonian, Lower Emsian, Rhenish Massiv) summarizes rieh Bivalvia faunas mainly from the upper part of the Vallendar substage. The „Nellenköpfchen-Schichten" present tidal environment with changing sedimentary conditions. Muddy Sediments occasionally contain numerous Bivalvia, homalonotid trilobites and burrows of homalonotids. The fossil record of the massive sandstones is dominated by shell-beds (induced by hurricanes) containing mainly broken valves of non-autochthonous Bivalvia and brachiopods. Well preserved Palaeoneilo Maureri (Bivalvia) possibly show nearly allochthonous living conditions. In contrast to the tidal embedding of the Nellenköpfchen locality the increment of normal marine Sedimentation with brachiopod dominated shell-beds (Chonetinae) can be observed between Koblenz-Moselweiß and Koblenz-Lay.

Description: research

Description: Aus der Roth-Formation (Unterems, Unterdevon) werden aus der Umgebung von Singhofen im Westtaunus (TK 25 Bl. 5713 Katzenelnbogen) neue Fossilfunde bekanntgegeben. Ausgewertet wurden Faunen aus zwei Porphyroiden sowie einer benachbarten Schillbank. Basierend auf Eigenfunden, der Neubestimmung alten Sammlungsmaterials und einer kritischen Durchsicht der Literatur wird eine aktuelle Faunenliste des bekannten Limoptera-Porphyroids und des (hangenden) Touristenstein- Porphyroids vorgestellt. Beide Porphyroide weisen große Ähnlichkeiten in der Faunenzusammensetzung auf und sind durch das Vorherrschen land- und küstennaher Formen charakterisiert, die mit Faunen des offenen marinen Bereiches vermischt sind. Die atypische Faunenvergesellschaftung unterscheidet sich grundlegend von den im Liegenden und Hangenden anzutreffenden üblichen Brachiopoden-Vergesellschaftungen, die Landferne und eher vollmarine Lebensverhältnisse anzeigen. Beide Befunde können auf den speziellen Sedimentationsmechanismus der Porphyroide (submarine „pyroclastic debris flows") zurückgeführt werden. Beim katastrophenartigen Transport des pyro- und epiklastischen Materials wurden Organismen eingewirbelt, mitgeschleppt und in einem anderen Faziesbereich abgelagert. Durch überlebende Individuen, möglicherweise auch durch mitgeschleppte Larven, kam es anschließend zu einer Wiederbesiedlung an der Oberfläche des pyroklastischen Materials. Die Fauna war demnach allochthon für die Region, aber autochthon für das Porphyroid als Sedimentkörper. In einem speziellen paläontologischen Teil erfolgen Anmerkungen zu folgenden Arten: Trilobita: Scabrella spinosissima(Schlüter, 1900) Lamellibranchiata: Leptodesma(Leiopteria)crenato-lamellosa(Sandberger, 1854) Leptodesma(Leiopteria) pseuodlaevis (Oehlert, 1882) Limoptera(Limoptera)bifida (Sandberger, 1854) Kochia capuliformis(Koch, 1881) Phtonia cf. antiqua Dahmer, 1934 Grammysia ovata Sandberger, 1854 Grammysia Beyrichi Beushausen, 1889 Grammysia abbreviataSandberger, 1854 Cypricardella unioniformis (Sandberger, 1854) Myophoria Proteus Beushausen, 1895 Palaeosolencostatus (Sandberger, 1854) Incertae sedis: Coleoprion gracilisSandberger, 1852

Description: Abstract: Modified rich faunas of the Roth-formation (Lower-Emsium, Lower-Devonian) in the Singhofen area (western Taunus, Southern Rhenish Massif) are described. Faunas from two submarine pyroclastic debris flow-sediments ("porphyroids") and a shell-concentration of a nearby location have been compared. An actual fossil-list is presented based on selfcollected fossils, new investigations of old collectionsand also based on a critical survey of the present literature. Limoptera-and the younger Touristenstein-porphyroid show great similarities in the composition of their faunas. The special character of the porphyroid fauna differs fundamentally from other Lower-Emsian faunas. Both observations are connected with the special sedimentary mechanism of the porphyroids (pyroclastic debris flows). A special paleontologic part contains notes about some species (list see above).

Description: 1. Einleitung 2. Geologische Beschreibung 2.1. Limoptera-Porphyroid 2.2. Touristenstein-Porphyroid 2.3. Schillbank „Katzl" 3. Paläontologische Auswertung 3.1. Porphyroid-Fauna 3.2. Fauna der Schillbank 4. Anmerkungen zur Fazies der Porphyroid-Fauna 5. Stratigraphische Konsequenzen 6. Paläontologische Beschreibungen und Bemerkungen Schriften Anhang (Faunenliste der Porphyroide bei Singhofen)

Description: research

Description: Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen im Rahmen des DFG-Projekts erweitern und verbessern die bisherige Kenntnis über den rezenten Spannungszustand von Mitteleuropa. Die Meßergebnisse vom Raum Sachsen-Thüringen als Teil des Grenzgebietes Böhmisches Massiv gegen das südwestliche Vorland beruhen auf oberflächennahen in-situ-Messungen. Obwohl sie nur die Spannungsverteilung der obersten Kruste wiederspiegeln, ergeben sie ein interpretierbares Bild. Trotz ermittelter Variabilität der Spannungsrichtungen und - Intensitäten ist eine Geologie-relevante Felderung in Gebiete mit relativ homogenen Spannungsrichtungen erkennbar. In-situ-Spannungsmessungen sind offenbar trotz aller Einschränkungen, die den Autoren bewußt sind, geeignet, das unterschiedliche rezente Verhalten geologischer Strukturen zu ermitteln. Nachweisbar ist der Einfluß rezent aktiver regionaler Störungszonen auf das Spannungsfeld: Gestützt wird die Aussagefähigkeit der Meßdaten durch zahlreiche Ergebnisse anderer Autoren (und Methoden), mit denen sie in der Regel übereinstimmen.

Description: During the TOR-1 passive seismic experiment in 1996/97, a maximum of 139 temporary seismograph stations were operating over the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone (STZ) in an area extending from northern Germany through Denmark to central Sweden. One of the objectives was to study horizontal anisotropy directions in the subcrustal lithosphere and asthenosphere across the Trans-European Suture Zone. To achieve this goal,broad-band and intermediate-period (5 s) data of the TOR-1 stations and additional stations of permanent networks (GRSN, GEOFON) were analysed for splitting of SKS and SKKS phases. As a result of the relatively dense station spacing, the method offers good lateral resolution of anisotropy.Preliminary results suggest that the directions of the fast horizontal S wave velocity are affected by the STZ. In central Europe and southern Sweden, far away from the STZ, fast S wave directions are approximately E-W while they turn more northerly closer to the STZ where they are approximately parallel to the trend of the STZ. No significant shear wave splitting was observed north of 57 degr. N and east of 14 degr. E. Small delay times between 0.2 and 0.5 s observed at the northernmost TOR-1 station T40S and T60S may be controlled by anisotropy in a thickened crust. The mantle contribution of horizontal anisotropy within the STZ is probably constrained to an approximately 60-km-thick zone in the depth range between 70 and 300 km. The observations are consistent with a model where azimuthally anisotropy is not governed by present-day mantle flow in the asthenosphere, but rather is frozen into the subcrustal lithosphere during the last episode of tectonic activity.

Description: Oxygen-isotope ratios of precipitation (δ18OP) inferred from deep-lake ostracods from the Ammersee (southern Germany) provide a climate record with decadal resolution. The record in detail shows many of the rapid climate shifts seen in central Greenland ice cores between 15,000 and 5000 years before the present (B.P.). Negative excursions in the estimated δ18OP from both of these records likely reflect short weakenings of the thermohaline circulation caused by episodic discharges of continental freshwater into the North Atlantic. Deviating millennial-scale trends, however, indicate that climate gradients between Europe and Greenland changed systematically, reflecting a gradual rearrangement of North Atlantic circulation during deglaciation.

Description: Within a few years after the German reunification, most open pit lignite mines in the Central German Lignite Mining District have been shut down leaving more than 200km2 of devastated land in Saxony (Germany) even now. These areas are in demand of short term conceptions for future landuse and suitable recultivation methods. This thesis investigates, how thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing in particular can provide valuable information, which is required to assist the landuse planning in identifying and classifying critical areas. In order to establish the mining of the lignitic seams the overburden Quatemary and Tertiary sediments had been removed and dumped in conveyor bridge dumps. The Tertiary sediments contain the mineral pyrite, which reacts to sulfuric acid under wet oxidizing conditions. The acidification of the dumps is not only strongly affecting the chemical characteristics of groundwater and residual lakes but also the stability of slopes leaving the risk of slides and subsidences. For a risk assessment of the aff~cted areas the geochemical and mineralogical composition as well as compositional changes of the dumps have to be explored. This is giving strong motivation for the application of remote sensing methods to answer the short term demands of landuse planners. Hyperspectral scanner data were acquired over two open pits (Espenhain, Zwenkau). The used scanner is DLR's Digital Airbome Imaging Spectrometer (DAIS 7915) which records data in 79 bands from the visible to thermal infrared. To allow a quantitative approach by means of empirical methods, the airbome data had to undergo a number of correction procedures and accompanying ground truth measurements had to be carried out. For a quantitative analysis of the target area, the data were calibrated and atmospherically corrected. Atmospheric modeling is based on the software packages SENSAT and ATCOR using the MODTRAN code. Interna! distortions of the imagery were corrected from flight attitude information and the data were finally geocoded to Gauß-Krüger-coordinates. A total of 77 field sarnples were taken to develop quantification algorithms based on spectral characteristics. Chemical and mineralogical analyses (GFZ Potsdam) as well as thermal infrared laboratory spectrometry (2.5-14μm) were performed. The samples were found tobe mainly composed of quartz (50-90 weigth percent), alkaline feldspars (5-20 wt.% ), kaolinite (0-15 wt.%), illite (2-20 wt.%) and pyrite (0-4 wt.%). In the TIR, many rock-forming minerals (e.g. silicates) show characteristic spectral features. To investigate the influence of different grain sizes on the spectral behavior, the particulate material was ground to grain sizes 〈63μm. Both, the fine homogenized and the original dump sediments were measured. The mineralogical quantitative sarnple composition was correlated with the spectral features measured in the laboratory. Different approaches were investigated to quantify the rnineralogical composition including absorption band depths and spectral angle mapping (SAM). The analysis in the laboratory allowed a determination of kaolinite and quartz contents of the overburden dumps. By transferring the regressions obtained from laboratory spectroscopy to atmospherically corrected and calibrated DAIS 7915 data, quartz contents were successfully mapped. Due to the broad TIR bands of DAIS, the spectral features of kaolinite were not resolved in the airbome data. A temperature map derived from night-time DAIS thermal infrared data were evaluated with respect to exothermic pyrite oxidation, too. The fresh Tertiary dumps in Zwenkau show thermal anomalies which seem to be related to exothermic oxidation processes. As a final outlook, the potential of the ASTER sensor, which is planned to be launched in early 1999, was evaluated. The TIR bands of ASTER are likely tobe a powerful tool for the mapping of quartz contents of particulate material. However, the low geometric resolution in the thermal infrared (90m pixel size) causes limitations for a structural analysis. Therefore, the Multi-Sensor-Multi-Resolution Technique (MMT) was used to unmix the low resolution bands using the higher resolution reflective ASTER bands (15-30m pixel size). The results show a significant improvement of the images. The MMT algorithm allows a further spectral investigation of the unmixed TIR data. The results presented in this work show that remote sensing data can provide useful information for a quantitative assessment and monitoring of environmental impacts. The combined use of the wavelength region from the VIS to TIR produces characteristic features that allow a differentiation of the mineralogical components, which could not have been achieved with either data set separately.

Description: This technical report has been initiated, compiled and edited until March 1994. Its objective was to collect the existing geoscientific database and state of the art on the Uralides. It serves as a platform for financial and operational decisions by national and international funding agencies on the URSEIS95-project (Urals Reflection Seismic Experiment and Integrated Studies) under the EUROPROBE umbrella. The German DEKORP2000 (GFZ Potsdam), funded by BMBF, decided to operate this project in June 1994. Until November 1994, the COCORP project (Cornell University, U.S.A), funded by NSF, and CICYT (Barcelona, Spain) got funding to join a western consortium on the operation ofURSEIS in 1995. Until the end of 1994, a Russian consortium, funded by ROSGEOLCOM, was built under the leadership of SPETSGEOFISIKA (Moscow), integrating the BAZHENOV Geophysical Expedition (Sheelite, Ekaterinburg), BASHNEFTEGEOFISIKA (Ufa) and the GEON institute (Moscow). All partners in the project join forces in financing, acquisition, processing, interpretation and publishing the results of the seismic experiment. The field parameters of the experiment (chapter VI) have been slightly modified in the meantime and include the Vibroseis source technique. The field campaign is scheduled for May-September 1995. The interdisciplinary studies (chapter Vll) have been approved by the E.C. in the frame of the INTAS-programme (International Association for the Promotion of Cooperation with Scientists from the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union). in October 1994 and started their operational phase.