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  • Bücher
  • Artikel  (24)
  • climate change  (12)
  • fire resistance  (12)
  • Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung  (24)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Statistical validation of GCM-simulated climates for the U.S. Great Lakes and the C.I.S. Emba and Ural River basins (1992)
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 6 (1992), S. 69-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Schlagwort(e): Hydrology ; global circulation models ; statistics ; climate change
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Energietechnik , Geographie , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Many researchers use outputs from large-scale global circulation models of the atmosphere to assess hydrological and other impacts associated with climate change. However, these models cannot capture all climate variations since the physical processes are imperfectly understood and are poorly represented at smaller regional scales. This paper statistically compares model outputs from the global circulation model of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory to historical data for the United States' Laurentian Great Lakes and for the Emba and Ural River basins in the Commonwealth of Independent States (C.I.S.). We use maximum entropy spectral analysis to compare model and data time series, allowing us to both assess statistical predictabilities and to describe the time series in both time and frequency domains. This comparison initiates assessments of the model's representation of the real world and suggests areas of model improvement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01581676
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Investigating the unexposed surface temperature criteria of standard ASTM E119 (1985)
    Springer
    Fire technology 21 (1985), S. 169-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Schlagwort(e): Surface temperature ; temperature rise ; ignition temperature ; fire resistance ; fire spread ; structural integrity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract Information and data were obtained to evaluate the unexposed surface temperature criteria of standard ASTM E119. The investigation consisted of: (1) reviewing literature to obtain information on the development of ASTM E119 and the unexposed surface temperature rise criteria, (2) conducting fire tests to obtain temperature data on slabs with various materials placed on the unexposed surface and (3) conducting ignition tests on these materials to obtain their approximate temperature at ignition. The information and data increased the knowledge concerning the relationship between the unexposed surface temperature rise criteria of ASTM E119 and the ignition temperature of common combustible materials.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01039972
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fire endurance of lightweight wood trusses in building construction (1995)
    Springer
    Fire technology 31 (1995), S. 44-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Schlagwort(e): Lightweight wood trusses ; truss ; wood truss construction ; wood ; gusset plates ; fire resistance ; char ; pyrolysis ; concealed spaces ; structural collapse ; backdraft ; smoke explosion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract Lightweight wood trusses are economical construction elements that combine high strength, light weight, and cost savings. The parallel-chord truss is one of the most common lightweight trusses used in commercial and residential occupancies today. Like all structural components, these trusses are arguably susceptible to failure when exposed to fire. This paper will address fire resistance concerns of parallel-chord, lightweight wood truss floor- and roof-ceiling assemblies, particularly their performance under fire conditions and their susceptibility to construction defects. Because evaluating the effect of fire exposure on both conventional and lightweight wood truss assemblies is so important, considerable supplemental background information on the standard fire test, as it applies to general types of construction, is also provided.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01305267
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Performance of selected coatings applied to polystyrene block walls under simulated mine fire conditions (1986)
    Springer
    Fire technology 22 (1986), S. 311-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Schlagwort(e): Polystyrene ; foam plastic ; insulation ; fire resistance ; coatings ; tray fire
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract A test program was undertaken by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) to determine the feasibility of coating polystyrene block walls for fire protection. Selected coatings, used in the mining industry, were tested under semilarge scale, simulated mine fire conditions to determine the appropriate thicknesses of these coatings for protection of the polystyrene foam block against fire for specified time periods. Building plasters containing gypsum and perlite and an expanded vermiculite, portland cement, and limestone coating were particularly effective in protecting the foam blocks against the heat of the simulated mine fire.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01038243
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fire drainage system (1987)
    Springer
    Fire technology 23 (1987), S. 26-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Schlagwort(e): Fire drainage ; fire spread ; fire resistance ; compartment boundaries ; heat conduction ; structural damage ; convection ; corridors
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract Present firesafety measures were conceived to deal with hypothetical fires spreading by destruction of successive compartment boundaries. A new firesafety system, referred to as the “fire drainage system,” is designed to cope with real-world fires spreading mainly by convection. It confines fire and smoke to the room of origin and to a small corridor element adjacent to the room. The system can be designed to operate without the use of water and electric energy. The fundamentals of its design are described and some experimental information is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01038364
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fire stops for plastic pipe (1987)
    Springer
    Fire technology 23 (1987), S. 267-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Schlagwort(e): fire stops ; plastic pipe ; fire separation ; intumescence ; fire resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract Undue fire hazards may arise when plastic pipe penetrates fire-rated walls or floors. Fire stops for protecting these penetration openings are available commercially. This paper discusses the physical characteristics and operating modes of these devices. A selected number of fire stops were tested in accordance with CAN 4-S115-M85 in either horizontal (wall) or vertical (floor) configurations, using two small-scale furnaces.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01040584
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The plate thermometer - a simple instrument for reaching harmonized fire resistance tests (1994)
    Springer
    Fire technology 30 (1994), S. 195-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Schlagwort(e): Plate thermometer ; fire resistance ; furnace ; thermocouple
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract The measured fire resistance of a structure tested in different furnaces in accordance with ISO 834 may differ considerably. Similarly, the fire resistance of that same structure may be 25% longer when tested in accordance with ISO than it is when tested in accordance with ASTM. These anomalies complicate the evaluation of test results and must be eliminated to reach harmonized international testing. The heat transfer to a test specimen in a test furnace at high temperature depends primarily on radiant flux rather than convection. Temperature measurement devices used to control furnaces should therefore respond to this type of heating in a way similar to that in which test specimens respond. They should have a large area so that the radiant heat transfer dominates, and they must, at the same time, have a quick thermal response. The plate thermometer is designed to have these properties. It consists of a thin steel plate, 100 mm by 100 mm and 0.7 mm thick, with an insulating fiber board on one side. A thermocouple is welded to the center of the plate. It should be placed in front of the specimen, with the insulated side facing the specimen. The exposed side will then receive the same radiant heat flux as the specimen. This paper describes the plate thermometer and gives a basic theoretical analysis of the heat transfer conditions in furnaces. Measurements with the plate thermometer in several furnaces are also reported.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01040002
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modeling Pore Pressure, Moisture, and Temperature in High-Strength Concrete Columns Exposed to Fire (1999)
    Springer
    Fire technology 35 (1999), S. 232-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Schlagwort(e): fire ; performance-based design ; standards ; fire resistance ; fire exposure ; thermal response ; carbonate aggregate ; elevated temperatures ; moisture content ; pore pressure ; contours ; fire test ; ASTM E119 ; ASTM E1529 ; heat transfer ; mass transport ; dehydration ; evaporation ; hydrocarbon pool fire ; high-strength concrete ; high-strength concrete columns ; structural fire resistance ; size effects ; spalling
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract A mathematical and computational model to stimulate a two-dimensional thermal response of high-strength concrete columns subjected to fire is presented. Contours as well as history and distribution profiles for temperature, moisture content, and pore pressure are illustrated as model output. The model's predictions are validated against ASTM E119 fire test data from a high-strength concrete (HSC) column test and are subsequently compared to output based on a hydrocarbon pool fire (ASTM E1529) exposure. The model's handling of input fires other than ASTM E119 demonstrates its usefulness and adaptability to a performance-based design environment. Results from parametric studies reveal the importance of performing thermophysical material property tests under fire exposures similar to those at which full-scale specimens are to be tested. The influence of size effects on data obtained from small- and large-scale fire test programs is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015436510431
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fire Resistance of Loadbearing Steel-Stud Wall Protected with Gypsum Board: A Review (1999)
    Springer
    Fire technology 35 (1999), S. 308-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Schlagwort(e): fire resistance ; loadbearing wall ; cold-formed steel ; stud ; gypsum board
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract With the increased use of cold-formed lightweight steel framing (LSF), there is growing demand for the proper assessment of its performance in building fires. In partnership with the North American steel industry, the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) is conducting an experimental and analytical study on the fire resistance of loadbearing cold-formed steel-framed wall and floor assemblies. As part of this collaboration, this literature survey summarizes the information available on the topics related to the fire resistance of loadbearing cold-formed steel-stud walls clad with gypsum board. The current practice of establishing their fire-resistance rating, based on full-scale furnace tests, is assessed. Previous experimental and analytical studies on the subject and on the thermal and mechanical properties of the constituent materials—steel, gypsum board, and insulation—at elevated temperatures are also discussed. Future research needs are identified in the context of recent performance-based fire safety engineering concepts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015401029995
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fire Resistance Performance of Lightweight Wood-Framed Assemblies (2000)
    Springer
    Fire technology 36 (2000), S. 184-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Schlagwort(e): Assemblies ; behaviour ; charring ; fire resistance ; lightweight ; material properties ; models ; wood
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract There are extensive efforts underway around the world, including those by the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), to develop fire resistance models. NRC is currently developing thermal and structural models for lightweight wood-framed assemblies, in collaboration with the Canadian wood industry. These models will be used in NRC's risk-cost assessment models as well as in the development of fire resistance design equations. To aid the development of fire resistance models, NRC has just completed, as a first step, a literature review on the efforts made to predict the fire resistance of lightweight wood-framed assemblies, with the objective of determining the gaps that need to be filled. This paper presents the results of this literature review, which include: standard versus real time-temperature fire curves, experimental studies, available fire resistance models and design methods and the identification of their limitations, charring of wood, and material properties of assembly components at elevated temperatures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015414827695
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