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  • 1
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    Crustal Structure of Etna Volcano (Italy) From P‐Wave Anisotropic Tomography (2024)
    Wiley-Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-04
    Description: Several seismic tomographic studies have been carried out to outline the intricate interplay between tectonics and magma uprising at Etna volcano. Most of these studies assume a seismically isotropic crust. Here we employ a novel methodology that accounts for the anisotropic structure of the crust. Anisotropy patterns are consistent with the Etna structural trends, unveiling the depth extent of fault segments. A high-velocity volume, deepening toward the northwest, identifies the subducting foreland units that appear to confine a low‐velocity anomaly, interpreted as the expression of magmatic fluids within the crust. A discontinuity, likely tectonic in origin, affects the subducting units and allows magma transfer from depth to the surface. This structural configuration may explain the presence of such a very active basaltic strato‐volcano within an atypical collisional geodynamic context.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2024GL108733
    Description: OSV3: Sviluppo di nuovi sistemi osservazionali e di analisi ad alta sensibilità
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Seismic attenuation and stress on the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield: are we critical yet? (2024)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-04
    Description: The Parkfield transitional segment of the San Andreas Fault (SAF) is characterized by the production of frequent quasi-periodical M6 events that break the very same asperity. The last Parkfield mainshock occurred on 28 September 2004, 38 years after the 1966 earthquake, and after the segment showed a ∼22 years average recurrence time. The main reason for the much longer interevent period between the last two earthquakes is thought to be the reduction of the Coulomb stress from the M6.5 Coalinga earthquake of 2 May 1983, and the M6 Nuñez events of June 11th and 22 July 1983. Plausibly, the transitional segment of the SAF at Parkfield is now in the late part of its seismic cycle and current observations may all be relative to a state of stress close to criticality. However, the behavior of the attenuation parameter in the last few years seems substantially different from the one that characterized the years prior to the 2004 mainshock. A few questions arise: (i) Does a detectable preparation phase for the Parkfield mainshocks exist, and is it the same for all events? (ii) How dynamically/kinematically similar are the quasi-periodic occurrences of the Parkfield mainshocks? (iii) Are some dynamic/kinematic characteristics of the next mainshock predictable from the analysis of current data? (e.g., do we expect the epicenter of the next failure to be co-located to that of 2004?) (iv) Should we expect the duration of the current interseismic period to be close to the 22-year “undisturbed” average value? We respond to the questions listed above by analyzing the non-geometric attenuation of direct S-waves along the transitional segment of the SAF at Parkfield, in the close vicinity of the fault plane, between January 2001 and November 2023. Of particular interest is the preparatory behavior of the attenuation parameter as the 2004 mainshock approached, on both sides of the SAF. We also show that the non-volcanic tremor activity modulates the seismic attenuation in the area, and possibly the seismicity along the Parkfield fault segment, including the occurrence of the mainshocks.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1349425
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: seismic attenuation ; non-volcanic tremor ; earthquake forecast ; San Andreas Fault ; critical stress ; earthquake cycle
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Microbial Seasonality in the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans: From Gene to Ecosystem (2024)
    In:  EPIC3
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-04
    Description: The oceans harbour an immense diversity of microorganisms that assemble into distinct communities over space and time. Deciphering how microbiome dynamics are shaped by environmental variability is fundamental for understanding the structure and function of ecosystems. Here, we leveraged autonomous samplers and in situ sensors to investigate the taxonomic and functional seasonality of microbial communities in Arctic and Antarctic pelagic waters. Both datasets include amplicon sequences in approximately biweekly resolution; complemented by ~100 PacBio HiFi metagenomes covering all major seasonal shifts. In the West Spitsbergen Current (80°N), we demonstrate distinct succession of prokaryotic and microeukaryotic communities over four years; with recurrent, unimodal fluctuations in abundance. The succession of prokaryotic taxa and genes was organised into five modules, each harboring unique taxonomic and metabolic signatures − illustrating a finely tuned ecological landscape. For instance, Cand. Nitrosopumilus and the machinery to oxidise ammonia and reduce nitrite were unique to early polar night, while late summer was dominated by Amylibacter and sulfur compound metabolism; along with enrichment of Synechococcus and photosynthesis. Furthermore, seasonal modules varied in their degree of functional redundancy and in genetic diversity within the functions across years. In parallel, we study microbiome seasonality in the Weddell Sea (69°S). This “Last Ice Area” has yet encountered minimal impact of climate change; allowing to benchmark the ecological implications of future warming at unprecedented scale. This dataset includes monthly records of sinking particles collected via sediment traps; establishing a holistic picture of the biological carbon pump. Overall, polar day and night concurred with similar microbial contrasts as in the Arctic, attributed to both shared and unique Antarctic taxa; partly related to the markedly differing sea-ice and hydrographic dynamics. Overall, our evidence offers fundamental insights into the structuring of marine microbiomes under pronounced environmental variability; including the “bi-polarity” of temporal microbiome assembly.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Thematic assessment on Hazardous Submerged Objects in the Baltic Sea - Warfare Materials in the Baltic Sea (2024)
    Helsinki Commission – HELCOM
    In:  EPIC3Helsinki Commission – HELCOM, 151 p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-04
    Description: Contemporary society’s perception of past wars is almost exclusively driven by historic sources such as film recordings, photographs and written documents that are presented in mass media. However, the legacy of these wars is still present throughout European soil and waters, including the Baltic Sea. The marine waters of every Baltic Sea state contain warfare materials. Resulting risks may be direct and short-term. Fishermen, divers, offshore wind farm constructors and beachgoers can potentially be exposed to their remains while performing their daily work or while collecting objects in the surf. Other potential effects might be indirect and long-term such as the accumulation of carcinogenic toxic substances and their metabolites in the marine food web. Since 1974 Contracting Parties of the Helsinki Convention are seeking to address the increasing environmental challenges from human activities and that were having a severe impact on the marine environment. This includes the protection of the Baltic Sea from all sources of pollution, and thus munitions in the Baltic Sea are addressed by HELCOM since 1993. The convention commits the signatories to take measures to conserve habitats and biological diversity and for the sustainable use of marine resources. In addition, warfare materials potentially constitute a hazard and an obstacle for the utilization of the sea floor for economic purposes. The global ocean economy is predicted to double in size by 2030, as compared to 2010 (OECD 2016). In the Blue Growth Strategy laid out by the European Commission the economic potential for the extended economic usage of the oceans was recognized and focus was placed on five blue growth sectors. Two of these sectors (ocean energy and seabed mining) require the ability to safely access large areas of the sea floor (European Commission 2017). In order to exploit the economic potential of the ocean energy and seabed resources sectors, the detection and removal of warfare materials in affected areas will become increasingly important (European Parliament 2021). Recently, numerous HELCOM Contracting Parties supported increasing the knowledge concerning warfare materials in the Baltic Sea and their effects on humans and the marine environment of the Baltic Sea. As a result of national, regional and international scientific research the understanding of the issue grows and consequentially numerous recommendations are published on how the warfare materials challenge can be addressed. However, international coordination is necessary to identify synergies and to avoid a duplication of efforts. This report provides the current state of knowledge on warfare materials in the Baltic sea based on recent research projects.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Other , notRev
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  • 5
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    Essai d'un aliment expérimental composé sec sur des post-larves de loup (Dicentrarchus labra (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-04
    Description: : Un aliment expérimental composé sec élaboré au Centre National d'Aquaculture de Monastir, à partir de matières premières locales est testé sur des post-larves de loup de 65 mg. Cet aliment a été comparé, dans les mêmes conditions expérimentales, à un aliment commercial. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que l'aliment commercial est très performant. Le poids des poissons a atteint 1.448g à 62 jours d'élevage, avec une survie de 93,4. . Par contre l'aliment expérimental a donné une croissance lente ( 1.078g) et une faible survie (35,3. ). La qualité médiocre de cet aliment provient essentiellement de celle de la farine de poisson qui le compose. Celle-ci possède en effet une composition, surtout protéique, faible et très variable et ne peut donc être utilisée, avec succès, dans l'alimentation des poissons que si certaines précautions seront prises. L'éventualité de l'existance d'autres facteurs antinutritionnels n'est pas écartée, mais ces facteurs n'ont pas été déterminés dans le cadre de cette expérience
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: DICENTRARCHUS LABRAX ; LOUP ; LARVE
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: 179-180pp
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  • 6
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    Resistance profiling, evolution of biofilm formation and genetic diversity of Vibrio alginolyticus isolated from aquaculture systems (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-04
    Description: This study analyzes 26 presumptive Vibrio alginolyticus strains extracted from two fish farms (Khenis and Hergla, East Tunisia) that raised sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). In addition, from a shellfish farm located in Menzel Jmil, North Tunisia that raises mussels (Mytilus edulis) and oysters (Crassostrea gigas). We have evaluated (i) the discriminatory power of PCR-RFLP for identification of closely related strains, (ii) the antibiotic resistance of the V. alginolyticus strains and (iii) their ability to form a biofilm in aquaculture farm. Results showed that there is great heterogeneity in the diversity observed via the PCR-RFLP method related to the number of 20 genotypes generated by the two enzymes SduI and FaqI tested. The heterogeneity was observed in both fish (aquaculture farm) and bivalve (shellfish farm) origins, as well as in the same sample. For antibiotic resistance, all isolates present a high resistance to ampicillin, erythromycin, cefotaxime, kanamycin and doxycycline. The resistance is displayed by 15 distinct profiles. The Multiple Antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was ranged from 0.55 to 0.80 for the isolates from the aquaculture farm of Hergla followed by the index aquaculture farm of Khenis (0.55 to 0.75). While for the shellfish farm of Menzel Jmil the index ranges from 0.50 to 0.65. This finding indicated high-risk sources of antibiotic contamination in the three locations. Isolates from aquaculture systems with strong biofilm formation have been found to be resistant to antibiotics, which may allow them to survive longer in these environments. Present findings could be relevant in aquaculture systems and underscore the importance of the linkage between adhesion, antibiotic susceptibility, and genetic diversity of these pathogenic bacteria to avoid fish and shellfish diseases. The results will provide helpful guidance on how to use antibiotics to control Vibrio alginolyticus diseases in aquaculture to be healthy.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Vibrio alginolyticus ; Aquaculture systems ; PCR-RFLP ; Antibiotic resistance ; MAR ; Biofilm formation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: 2-20
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  • 7
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    Macrozoobenthos in the estuary of the small salmon river of Sakhalin Island on example of the Gornaya River (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-04
    Description: Estuaries as a connecting link between freshwater and marine ecosystems play a special role in salmon rivers. The success of adaptation of juvenile salmonids during the transition to the marine period of life depends on the conditions in estuaries. The work continues the previously started series of publications on the rivers of Sakhalin Island. Using the example of one of the small watercourses in the southeastern part of the island, the hydrological parameters and the structural organization of benthos communities in the atypical estuary have been considered. In the absence of storm surges, penetration of sea water into the water body does not occur; at high tide, water with a salinity of more than 12 psu is observed only at the mouth at the bottom; at low tide, the estuary is completely filled with water with a salinity of 0.1 psu and lower. Studies of the hydrological regime and composition of the bottom fauna were carried out in July 2022. Zoobenthos samples were taken along the longitudinal profile of the estuary at five sections (75 samples in total). Most of the estuarine reach is inhabited by species characteristic of the lower parts of the island watercourses. High environmental variability determines the formation in the estuary of young and unstable benthos communities represented by rapidly reproducing small-sized species.
    Description: Эстуарии как связующее звено между пресноводными и морскими экосистемами в лососевых реках играют особую роль. От условий в эстуарных зонах рек зависит успех адаптации молоди лососевых рыб при переходе к морскому периоду жизни. Работа продолжает начатый ранее цикл публикаций по рекам о-ва Сахалин. На примере одного из малых водотоков юго-восточной части острова рассматриваются гидрологические параметры и особенности структурной организации сообществ макрозообентоса эстуария, не типичного по своим характеристикам. В отсутствии штормовых заплесков проникновения морских вод в эстуарий практически не происходит. Воды с соленостью более 12 psu отмечаются только в устье у дна во время прилива, в отлив эстуарий полностью заполняется водой с соленостью 0,1 psu и ниже. Исследования гидрологического режима и донной фауны были проведены в июле 2022 г. Пробы зообентоса отбирали по продольному профилю эстуария на пяти разрезах (суммарно 75 проб). Работы показали, что большую часть эстуария заселяют виды, характерные для нижней ритрали водотоков острова. Высокая изменчивость среды обусловливает формирование в этом эстуарии молодых и нестабильных сообществ макрозообентоса, представленных быстроразмножающимися мелкоразмерными видами.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Juvenile salmon ; Hydrological regime ; Estuary ; Macrozoobenthos ; Bottom communities ; Молодь лососей ; Гидрологический режим ; Эстуарий ; Донные сообщества ; Макрозообентос ; ASFA_2015::S::Salmon fisheries ; ASFA_2015::F::Feed composition ; ASFA_2015::B::Benthic communities
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.126-141
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  • 8
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    Development of the formulation and technology of a new fish culinary product "Cream cheese fish from blue catfish" enriched with iodine of kelp of the White Sea (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-04
    Description: Expanding the range of products based on the rational use of available fish resources is a current direction for the development of the food industry of the Russian Federation. Blue catfish, a little-used fishery item in the Northern Basin, was chosen as a raw material for the development of a fish culinary paste product. Blue catfish meat is significantly watered (up to 93 % of the total mass), as a result there are currently no technologies for deep processing of fish for food purposes. During the research, the technology of a new fish culinary product "Fish cream cheese from blue catfish, enriched with iodine from White Sea kelp" has been proposed in an assortment, and recipes have been developed, optimized in the MatLab program. The amino acid composition of blue catfish meat as well as indicators of the nutritional value of new products have been considered. The energy value of 100 g of product varies from 120 to 150 kcal, the mass fraction of protein is 8.5–11 %; fat – 9–13 %; carbohydrates – 2–2.5 %. The iodine content in a unit of consumer packaging of the product "Cream cheese fish from blue catfish with pickled seaweed" was experimentally established to be 340 mcg per 100 g; a 44 g serving of this product contains 100 % of the recommended daily intake of the micronutrient (150 mcg). The developed product "Cream cheese fish from blue catfish with pickled seaweed" can be classified as "enriched with iodine" when the amount of its daily consumption (25 g) is indicated on the consumer packaging.
    Description: Расширение ассортимента продукции на основе рационального использования имеющихся рыбных ресурсов является актуальным направлением развития пищевой промышленности РФ. В качестве сырья для разработки рыбного кулинарного пастообразного изделия выбрана зубатка синяя – малоиспользуемый объект промысла Северного бассейна. Мясо зубатки синей значительно оводнено (до 93 % общей массы), вследствие чего технологии глубокой переработки рыбы на пищевые цели в настоящее время отсутствуют. В ходе исследований предложена технология нового рыбного кулинарного изделия "Кремчиз фиш из зубатки синей, обогащенный йодом ламинарии беломорской" в ассортименте и разработаны рецептуры, оптимизированные в программе MatLab; рассмотрены аминокислотный состав мяса зубатки синей, а также показатели пищевой ценности новых изделий. Энергетическая ценность 100 г изделия варьируется от 120 до 150 ккал, массовая доля белка составляет 8,5–11 %; жира – 9–13 %; углеводов – 2–2,5 %. Экспериментально установлено содержание йода в единице потребительской упаковки изделия "Кремчиз фиш из зубатки синей с маринованной морской капустой", равное 340 мкг на 100 г; порция данного продукта массой 44 г содержит 100 % рекомендованной суточной нормы потребления микроэлемента (150 мкг). Разработанное изделие "Кремчиз фиш из зубатки синей с маринованной морской капустой" можно классифицировать как "обогащенное йодом" при указании на потребительской упаковке величины его суточного потребления (25 г).
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Blue catfish ; Formulation ; Зубатка синяя ; Рецептура ; Fish resources ; Food industry ; Fish processing ; Pickled seaweed ; Мясо зубатки ; Энергетическая ценность ; ASFA_2015::B::Biotechnology ; ASFA_2015::F::Fish products ; ASFA_2015::F::Fishery technology ; ASFA_2015::I::Iodine ; ASFA_2015::K::Kelps ; ASFA_2015::N::Nutritive value
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.229-241
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  • 9
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    Age and growth of Carcinus aestuarii Nardo,1847 (Portunidae) and Maja squinado Herbst, 1788 (Majidae) in the Gulf of Gabes, Southeastern Tunisia, Central Mediterranean (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-04
    Description: The Mediterranean green crab, Carcinus aestuarii Nardo, 1847 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Portunidae), and the spider crab Maja squinado (Herbst) are common inhabitant of the shallow waters in the Gulf of Gabes (southern Tunisia, central Mediterranean). The Von Bertalanffy growth parameters CW∞/CL∞, k and t0 were estimated on the basis of Length-frequency modal progression analysis method. The values of CW∞ (mm), K (year-1) and t0 (year) would be, respectively, 95.61, 0.84 and -0.104 for males; 73.92, 1.11 and -0.149 for females in Carcinus aestuarii and, CL∞ (mm), K (year-1) and t0 (year) would be, respectively, 172.46, 0.68 and -0.147 for males; 147.05, 0.6 and -0.175 for females in Maja squinado. These results were obtained, as the first attempt to study age and growth of these two crustaceans which will be of a great use for their eventual stock assessment studies.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Carcinus aestuarii ; Maja squinado ; Age and Growth ; Central Mediterranean
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: 21-29
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  • 10
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    Assessing the effectiveness of local organic materials as sorbents for oil spill response in Arctic waters (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-04
    Description: The paper presents the results of a comparative assessment of the sorption characteristics of regional natural raw materials of organic origin: sphagnum moss (Sphаgnum palustre L.), fucus algae (Fucus vesiclousus), a composite based on them and peat in comparison with the synthetic sorbent OilSorb used in the practice of emergency rescue units to eliminate accidental oil spills. Experimental data have been obtained on potential pollutants in the Barents Sea (oil ARCO and diesel fuel) and the water capacity of sorbents for standard conditions at temperatures of 21–23 °C according to GOST 33627-2015 and in the temperature range of 10–12 °C typical for the summer period on the Kola Peninsula. The sorption characteristics of the materials under study have been evaluated in the "sea water – petroleum product" system, which simulates a real oil spill in the marine area. Tests in a model system simulating real conditions demonstrate significant changes in the efficiency of using sorption materials shown by them under standard conditions. The study has established the dynamics of the distribution of sorbed oil products and water in the materials under consideration, as well as residual oil products in the water of the "sea water – ARCO oil" and "sea water – diesel fuel" systems at different exposure times. During an exposure time of 30, 60, 90 minutes under the conditions of a system simulating a real oil spill in the water area, the material based on sphagnum moss has the most effective and time-stable indicators of sorption of oil products.
    Description: Результаты сравнительной оценки сорбционных характеристик регионального природного сырья органического происхождения (мха сфагнума, фукуса пузырчатого, композита на их основе, торфа) представлены в сравнении с синтетическим сорбентом OilSorb, используемым в практике аварийно-спасательных подразделений для ликвидации аварийных разливов нефти. Экспериментальные данные в отношении потенциальных загрязнителей акватории Баренцева моря (нефти сорта ARCO, судового дизельного топлива) и показатели водоемкости сорбентов получены для стандартных условий при температуре 21–23 °С (согласно ГОСТ 33627-2015) и температуре 10–12 °С, характерной для летнего периода на Кольском полуострове. Оценка сорбционных характеристик исследуемых материалов проведена для системы "морская вода – нефтепродукт", моделирующей реальный разлив нефти в морской акватории. Испытания в модельной системе, имитирующей реальные условия, демонстрируют существенные изменения эффективности использования сорбционных материалов, показанной ими при стандартных условиях. В ходе исследования установлена динамика распределения сорбированных нефтепродуктов и воды в рассматриваемых материалах, а также остаточных нефтепродуктов – в воде систем "морская вода – нефть ARCO" и "морская вода – дизельное топливо" при различном времени экспозиции. В течение времени экспозиции 30, 60, 90 мин в условиях системы, моделирующей реальный разлив нефти в акватории, наиболее эффективными и устойчивыми во времени показателями сорбции нефтепродуктов обладает материал на основе мха сфагнума.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Sorbents ; Sorption characteristics ; Sphagnum moss ; Fucus algae ; Oil spill response ; Сорбенты ; Сорбционные характеристики ; Мох сфагнум ; Фукус пузырчатый ; Ликвидация аварийных разливов нефти ; ASFA_2015::O::Oil spills ; ASFA_2015::P::Peat
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp. 142-157
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