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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (15,115)
  • Animals  (6,341)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (2,672)
  • 2000-2004  (4,137)
  • 1980-1984  (19,991)
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Keywords
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Year
  • 11
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    Mechanisms of hair graying: incomplete melanocyte stem cell maintenance in the niche (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: Hair graying is the most obvious sign of aging in humans, yet its mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we used melanocyte-tagged transgenic mice and aging human hair follicles to demonstrate that hair graying is caused by defective self-maintenance of melanocyte stem cells. This process is accelerated dramatically with Bcl2 deficiency, which causes selective apoptosis of melanocyte stem cells, but not of differentiated melanocytes, within the niche at their entry into the dormant state. Furthermore, physiologic aging of melanocyte stem cells was associated with ectopic pigmentation or differentiation within the niche, a process accelerated by mutation of the melanocyte master transcriptional regulator Mitf.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nishimura, Emi K -- Granter, Scott R -- Fisher, David E -- AR43369/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 4;307(5710):720-4. Epub 2004 Dec 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Melanoma Program in Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. emi_k_nishimura@yahoo.co.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Shape ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Hair Color ; Hair Follicle/cytology/*physiology ; Humans ; Melanins/biosynthesis ; Melanocytes/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor ; Middle Aged ; Morphogenesis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; Stem Cells/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Vibrissae/cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 12
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    Farming and the fate of wild nature (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: World food demand is expected to more than double by 2050. Decisions about how to meet this challenge will have profound effects on wild species and habitats. We show that farming is already the greatest extinction threat to birds (the best known taxon), and its adverse impacts look set to increase, especially in developing countries. Two competing solutions have been proposed: wildlife-friendly farming (which boosts densities of wild populations on farmland but may decrease agricultural yields) and land sparing (which minimizes demand for farmland by increasing yield). We present a model that identifies how to resolve the trade-off between these approaches. This shows that the best type of farming for species persistence depends on the demand for agricultural products and on how the population densities of different species on farmland change with agricultural yield. Empirical data on such density-yield functions are sparse, but evidence from a range of taxa in developing countries suggests that high-yield farming may allow more species to persist.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, Rhys E -- Cornell, Stephen J -- Scharlemann, Jorn P W -- Balmford, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 28;307(5709):550-5. Epub 2004 Dec 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK. reg29@hermes.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Biodiversity ; Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Stopping the spread of drug-resistant malaria (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okeke, Iruka N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2039-40; author reply 2039-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15609423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Antimalarials/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Asia ; Communicable Disease Control/*methods ; Drug Resistance ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/*parasitology/*prevention & control/transmission ; Mass Screening ; Plasmodium falciparum/*drug effects ; Pyrimethamine/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Travel
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Cell biology. "Pumping" iron: the proteins (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beutler, Ernest -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2051-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. beutler@scripps.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/*metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Cation Transport Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Enterocytes/metabolism ; Erythropoiesis ; Erythropoietin/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hemochromatosis/genetics ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Hepcidins ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics ; Homeostasis ; Iron/*metabolism ; Iron Regulatory Protein 1/*metabolism ; Iron Regulatory Protein 2/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Oxygen/physiology ; Response Elements ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Phosphorylation of proteins by inositol pyrophosphates (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: The inositol pyrophosphates IP7 and IP8 contain highly energetic pyrophosphate bonds. Although implicated in various biologic functions, their molecular sites of action have not been clarified. Using radiolabeled IP7, we detected phosphorylation of multiple eukaryotic proteins. We also observed phosphorylation of endogenous proteins by endogenous IP7 in yeast. Phosphorylation by IP7 is nonenzymatic and may represent a novel intracellular signaling mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saiardi, Adolfo -- Bhandari, Rashna -- Resnick, Adam C -- Snowman, Adele M -- Snyder, Solomon H -- DA00074/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH068830-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH18501/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2101-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604408" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Inositol Phosphates/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases (Phosphate Group Acceptor)/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Proteins/*metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Serine/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    bHLH transcription factor Olig1 is required to repair demyelinated lesions in the CNS (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: Olig1 and Olig2 are closely related basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors that are expressed in myelinating oligodendrocytes and their progenitor cells in the developing central nervous system (CNS). Olig2 is necessary for the specification of oligodendrocytes, but the biological functions of Olig1 during oligodendrocyte lineage development are poorly understood. We show here that Olig1 function in mice is required not to develop the brain but to repair it. Specifically, we demonstrate a genetic requirement for Olig1 in repairing the types of lesions that occur in patients with multiple sclerosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arnett, Heather A -- Fancy, Stephen P J -- Alberta, John A -- Zhao, Chao -- Plant, Sheila R -- Kaing, Sovann -- Raine, Cedric S -- Rowitch, David H -- Franklin, Robin J M -- Stiles, Charles D -- 689/Multiple Sclerosis Society/United Kingdom -- NS08952/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS11920/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS4051/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2111-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Brain/growth & development/*physiology ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cuprizone/pharmacology ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Demyelinating Diseases/*physiopathology ; Ethidium/pharmacology ; Humans ; Lysophosphatidylcholines/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Multiple Sclerosis/physiopathology ; Myelin Sheath/*physiology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*metabolism/physiology ; Oligodendroglia/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord/growth & development/*physiology ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Medicine. Visfatin: a new adipokine (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hug, Christopher -- Lodish, Harvey F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 21;307(5708):366-7. Epub 2004 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/*metabolism ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Cytokines/blood/genetics/*metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Glucose/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/blood/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Obese ; Molecular Mimicry ; Muscle Cells/metabolism ; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ; Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Viscera
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Psychiatric treatment for great apes? (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brune, Martin -- Brune-Cohrs, Ute -- McGrew, William C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2039.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Welfare ; Animals ; Animals, Laboratory/*psychology ; Ape Diseases/drug therapy/*psychology ; Behavior, Animal ; Mental Disorders/drug therapy/*veterinary ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*therapeutic use ; Pan troglodytes/*psychology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Breakthrough of the year. Scorecard 2003 (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2012.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Access to Information ; Animals ; Biological Warfare ; Ecosystem ; Genome ; Information Dissemination ; Mars ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Publishing ; *Science ; Security Measures
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Anthropology. The astonishing micropygmies (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diamond, Jared -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2047-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geography Department, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. jdiamond@geog.ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Australia ; Biological Evolution ; Body Height ; *Body Size ; Body Weight ; Dwarfism ; *Fossils ; Geography ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Mammals ; Population Dynamics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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