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  • Articles  (2,563)
  • Female  (2,049)
  • Biochemistry
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling
  • 2005-2009  (847)
  • 1995-1999  (772)
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  • Articles  (2,563)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: Compared with more explicit racial slurs and statements, biased facial expressions and body language may resist conscious identification and thus produce a hidden social influence. In four studies, we show that race biases can be subtly transmitted via televised nonverbal behavior. Characters on 11 popular television shows exhibited more negative nonverbal behavior toward black than toward status-matched white characters. Critically, exposure to prowhite (versus problack) nonverbal bias increased viewers' bias even though patterns of nonverbal behavior could not be consciously reported. These findings suggest that hidden patterns of televised nonverbal behavior influence bias among viewers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3764987/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3764987/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weisbuch, Max -- Pauker, Kristin -- Ambady, Nalini -- F32 MH078350/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- F32MH078350/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH070833/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH070833-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1711-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1178358.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Tufts University, 490 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA. max.weisbuch@tufts.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *African Continental Ancestry Group ; Cues ; *European Continental Ancestry Group ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Humans ; Kinesics ; Male ; *Nonverbal Communication ; *Prejudice ; *Television ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1598-9. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5960.1598-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Ethiopia ; Female ; *Fossils ; Geography ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Posture ; Skeleton ; Walking
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mank, Judith E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1639-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1184680.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Edward Grey Institute, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. judith.mank@zoo.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; Female ; Fishes/anatomy & histology/genetics ; Gene Flow ; *Genetic Speciation ; Geography ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; *Models, Biological ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1598. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5960.1598-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Female ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Locomotion ; Pan troglodytes/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: A huge research literature, across the behavioral and social sciences, uses information on individuals' subjective well-being. These are responses to questions--asked by survey interviewers or medical personnel--such as, "How happy do you feel on a scale from 1 to 4?" Yet there is little scientific evidence that such data are meaningful. This study examines a 2005-2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System random sample of 1.3 million U.S. citizens. Life satisfaction in each U.S. state is measured. Across America, people's answers trace out the same pattern of quality of life as previously estimated, from solely nonsubjective data, in one branch of economics (so-called "compensating differentials" neoclassical theory, originally from Adam Smith). There is a state-by-state match (r = 0.6, P 〈 0.001) between subjective and objective well-being. This result has some potential to help to unify disciplines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oswald, Andrew J -- Wu, Stephen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 29;327(5965):576-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1180606. Epub 2009 Dec 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. andrew.oswald@warwick.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019249" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Economics ; Female ; *Happiness ; *Health Surveys ; Humans ; *Income ; Male ; Models, Economic ; *Personal Satisfaction ; *Quality of Life ; Regression Analysis ; *Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 11;326(5959):1476-7. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5959.1476.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/virology ; Female ; Genes ; HIV/immunology/physiology ; HIV Infections/*immunology ; Hemophilia A ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Prostitution ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency--the most common known enzymopathy--is associated with neonatal jaundice and hemolytic anemia usually after exposure to certain infections, foods, or medications. Although G6PD-deficient alleles appear to confer a protective effect against malaria, the link with clinical protection from Plasmodium infection remains unclear. We investigated the effect of a common G6PD deficiency variant in Southeast Asia--the G6PD-Mahidol(487A) variant--on human survival related to vivax and falciparum malaria. Our results show that strong and recent positive selection has targeted the Mahidol variant over the past 1500 years. We found that the G6PD-Mahidol(487A) variant reduces vivax, but not falciparum, parasite density in humans, which indicates that Plasmodium vivax has been a driving force behind the strong selective advantage conferred by this mutation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Louicharoen, Chalisa -- Patin, Etienne -- Paul, Richard -- Nuchprayoon, Issarang -- Witoonpanich, Bhee -- Peerapittayamongkol, Chayanon -- Casademont, Isabelle -- Sura, Thanyachai -- Laird, Nan M -- Singhasivanon, Pratap -- Quintana-Murci, Lluis -- Sakuntabhai, Anavaj -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 11;326(5959):1546-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1178849.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire de la Genetique de la reponse aux infections chez l'homme, 75724 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007901" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Erythrocytes/metabolism/parasitology ; Female ; Gene Dosage ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/*genetics ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/blood/complications/*genetics ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Malaria, Falciparum/complications/genetics/parasitology ; Malaria, Vivax/complications/genetics/*parasitology ; Male ; *Mutation ; Plasmodium falciparum/physiology ; Plasmodium vivax/*physiology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Selection, Genetic ; Thailand
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Two critical stages of mammalian oocyte regulation are prophase I arrest, which is important for sustaining the oocyte pool, and the progression through meiosis I (MI) to produce fertilizable eggs. We have found that the spindle assembly checkpoint protein BubR1 regulates both stages in mouse oocytes. We show that oocytes depleted of BubR1 cannot sustain prophase I arrest and readily undergo germinal vesicle breakdown, a marker for reentry into MI. BubR1-depleted oocytes then arrest before completing MI, marked by failure of polar body extrusion. Both meiotic defects in BubR1-depleted oocytes are due to reduced activity of the master regulator known as the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), brought about through diminished levels of the APC coactivator Cdh1.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3428834/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3428834/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Homer, Hayden -- Gui, Liming -- Carroll, John -- 082587/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 082587/Z/07/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0400530/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 13;326(5955):991-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1175326.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oocyte and Embryo Research Laboratory, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences and Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK. h.homer@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cdc20 Proteins ; Cdh1 Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cyclin B1/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Silencing ; Meiosis/*physiology ; Meiotic Prophase I/*physiology ; Mice ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Prometaphase/*physiology/*radiation effects ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Securin ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Although the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans produces self-fertile hermaphrodites, it descended from a male/female species, so hermaphroditism provides a model for the origin of novel traits. In the related species C. remanei, which has only male and female sexes, lowering the activity of tra-2 by RNA interference created XX animals that made spermatids as well as oocytes, but their spermatids could not activate without the addition of male seminal fluid. However, by lowering the expression of both tra-2 and swm-1, a gene that regulates sperm activation in C. elegans, we produced XX animals with active sperm that were self-fertile. Thus, the evolution of hermaphroditism in Caenorhabditis probably required two steps: a mutation in the sex-determination pathway that caused XX spermatogenesis and a mutation that allowed these spermatids to self-activate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baldi, Chris -- Cho, Soochin -- Ellis, Ronald E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 13;326(5955):1002-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1176013.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Caenorhabditis/anatomy & histology/classification/*genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans/anatomy & histology/classification/*genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Disorders of Sex Development/genetics ; Female ; Genes, Helminth ; Germ Cells/physiology ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Oogenesis ; Ovulation ; Phylogeny ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Determination Processes ; Spermatids/physiology ; Spermatogenesis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: We tested whether classroom activities that encourage students to connect course materials to their lives will increase student motivation and learning. We hypothesized that this effect will be stronger for students who have low expectations of success. In a randomized field experiment with high school students, we found that a relevance intervention, which encouraged students to make connections between their lives and what they were learning in their science courses, increased interest in science and course grades for students with low success expectations. The results have implications for the development of science curricula and theories of motivation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hulleman, Chris S -- Harackiewicz, Judith M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1410-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1177067.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Graduate Psychology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA. hullemcs@jmu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965759" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Achievement ; Adolescent ; Biology/*education ; Curriculum ; Educational Measurement ; Female ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male ; *Motivation ; Natural Science Disciplines/*education ; Regression Analysis ; Science/*education
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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