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  • Nature Publishing Group  (32,142)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)  (24,129)
  • 2020-2024
  • 2020-2022  (4)
  • 1975-1979  (36,759)
  • 1945-1949  (19,508)
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  • 1
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    Bacterial communities in temperate and polar coastal sands are seasonally stable (2021)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3ISME Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 1(1), pp. 1-11
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-20
    Description: Coastal sands are biocatalytic filters for dissolved and particulate organic matter of marine and terrestrial origin, thus, acting as centers of organic matter transformation. At high temporal resolution, we accessed the variability of benthic bacterial communities over two annual cycles at Helgoland (North Sea), and compared it with seasonality of communities in Isfjorden (Svalbard, 78°N) sediments, where primary production does not occur during winter. Benthic community structure remained stable in both, temperate and polar sediments on the level of cell counts and 16S rRNA-based taxonomy. Actinobacteriota of uncultured Actinomarinales and Microtrichales were a major group, with 8 ± 1% of total reads (Helgoland) and 31 ± 6% (Svalbard). Their high activity (frequency of dividing cells 28%) and in situ cell numbers of 〉10% of total microbes in Svalbard sediments, suggest Actinomarinales and Microtrichales as key heterotrophs for carbon mineralization. Even though Helgoland and Svalbard sampling sites showed no phytodetritus-driven changes of the benthic bacterial community structure, they harbored significantly different communities (p 〈 0.0001, r = 0.963). The temporal stability of benthic bacterial communities is in stark contrast to the dynamic succession typical of coastal waters, suggesting that pelagic and benthic bacterial communities respond to phytoplankton productivity very differently.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    Antarctic icebergs reorganize ocean circulation during Pleistocene glacials (2021)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature, Nature Publishing Group, 589(7841), pp. 236-241, ISSN: 0028-0836
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-03
    Description: The dominant feature of large-scale mass transfer in the modern ocean is the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). The geometry and vigour of this circulation influences global climate on various timescales. Palaeoceanographic evidence suggests that during glacial periods of the past 1.5 million years the AMOC had markedly different features from today; in the Atlantic basin, deep waters of Southern Ocean origin increased in volume while above them the core of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) shoaled. An absence of evidence on the origin of this phenomenon means that the sequence of events leading to global glacial conditions remains unclear. Here we present multi-proxy evidence showing that northward shifts in Antarctic iceberg melt in the Indian–Atlantic Southern Ocean (0–50°E) systematically preceded deep-water mass reorganizations by one to two thousand years during Pleistocene-era glaciations. With the aid of iceberg-trajectory model experiments, we demonstrate that such a shift in iceberg trajectories during glacial periods can result in a considerable redistribution of freshwater in the Southern Ocean. We suggest that this, in concert with increased sea-ice cover, enabled positive buoyancy anomalies to ‘escape’ into the upper limb of the AMOC, providing a teleconnection between surface Southern Ocean conditions and the formation of NADW. The magnitude and pacing of this mechanism evolved substantially across the mid-Pleistocene transition, and the coeval increase in magnitude of the ‘southern escape’ and deep circulation perturbations implicate this mechanism as a key feedback in the transition to the ‘100-kyr world’, in which glacial–interglacial cycles occur at roughly 100,000-year periods.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 3
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    Successful ecosystem-based management of Antarctic krill should address uncertainties in krill recruitment, behaviour and ecological adaptation (2020)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Nature Publishing Group, 1(28), ISSN: 2662-4435
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-12
    Description: Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, supports a valuable commercial fishery in the Southwest Atlantic, which holds the highest krill densities and is warming rapidly. The krill catch is increasing, is concentrated in a small area, and has shifted seasonally from summer to autumn/winter. The fishery is managed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, with the main goal of safeguarding the large populations of krill-dependent predators. Here we show that, because of the restricted distribution of successfully spawning krill and high inter-annual variability in their biomass, the risk of direct fishery impacts on the krill stock itself might be higher than previously thought. We show how management benefits could be achieved by incorporating uncertainty surrounding key aspects of krill ecology into management decisions, and how knowledge can be improved in these key areas. This improved information may be supplied, in part, by the fishery itself.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 4
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    Asian dust-storm activity dominated by Chinese dynasty changes since 2000 BP (2020)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 11(1), pp. 1-7, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-14
    Description: The Asian monsoon (AM) played an important role in the dynastic history of China, yet it remains unknown whether AM-mediated shifts in Chinese societies affect earth surface processes to the point of exceeding natural variability. Here, we present a dust storm intensity record dating back to the first unified dynasty of China (the Qin Dynasty, 221–207 B.C.E.). Marked increases in dust storm activity coincided with unified dynasties with large populations during strong AM periods. By contrast, reduced dust storm activity corresponded to decreased population sizes and periods of civil unrest, which was co-eval with a weakened AM. The strengthened AM may have facilitated the development of Chinese civilizations, destabilizing the topsoil and thereby increasing the dust storm frequency. Beginning at least 2000 years ago, human activities might have started to overtake natural climatic variability as the dominant controls of dust storm activity in eastern China.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 5
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    The blind octopus, Cirrothauma (1978)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 275 (5680). pp. 547-549.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-20
    Description: THE rare deep-sea octopod Cirrothauma murrayi Chun 1910 was first described from a single specimen caught during the Michael Sars Expedition of 1910 (ref. 1). Until now it has been caught only four more times2. We describe here three specimens of this species that were recently caught during biological cruises of RRS Discovery (Fig. 1). All of these animals, including the Discovery ones, have been caught at depths of more than 1,500 m, except one that was dip-netted through the ice of the Arctic Ocean3.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Volcanics from the Sierra Leone Rise (1978)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 275 (5680). pp. 536-538.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-22
    Description: THE Sierra Leone Rise, located in the east equatorial Atlantic, forms a discontinuous chain of seamounts as shallow as 2 km extending with a general NE–SW trend from near the Sierra Leone coast of Africa, to the St Paul fracture zone near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Fig. 1). The origin of this feature has remained a topic of discussion. Sheridan et al.1 have hypothesised that the Sierra Leone Rise is a volcanic structure formed at the beginning of the opening of the Atlantic in the early Cretaceous period. The twin features of the Sierra Leone and the Ceara Rises are probably of oceanic origin and were created 80 Myr ago or later in their present-day position with respect to Africa and South America2. The Atlantic ocean exhibits several similar aseismic structures which appear symmetrically oriented with respect to the mid-oceanic ridge, such as the Walvis–Rio Grande Rise and the Iceland Faeroes–Iceland Greenland Ridges. These structures are volcanic edifices having a composition similar to that found in their associated islands3–7. Deep sea drilling of the Ceara Rise8,9 penetrated a basaltic basement of the upper Cretaceous period (Maestrichtian) (Leg 39, Site 354). Similarly, a DSDP hole (Leg 41, Site 366) on the Sierra Leone Rise, penetrated sediments of the same period, without reaching basement10. We report here the discovery of alkali-rich volcanics in an area of the Sierra Leone Rise. The sediment overlying the rock fragments is aged ∼45 Myr.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    First fossil records of cephalopod statoliths (1975)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 257 (5525). pp. 380-381.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-15
    Description: THE class Cephalopoda is represented by over 10,000 fossil species and about 1,000 living species. Almost the entire fossil record so far described consists of external or internal calcareous shells of the Ammonoidea, the Nautiloidea and some members of the Coleoidea. The subclass Coleoidea includes all but three (Nautilus spp.) of the living species of cephalopods, and is represented in the fossil record largely by the order Belemnitida which is important from the early Jurassic to the Eocene. Another coleoid order, the Sepioidea, including the living Sepia and Spirula have internal calcareous shells, and have left traces from the Upper Jurassic (Voltzia) to the present. The three remaining coleoid orders, the Teuthoidea, the Vampyromorpha and the Octopodida include all the remaining living cephalopods, comprising 29 teuthoid or squid families, one vampyromorph family and 12 octopod families.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    Sand deserts during glacial maximum and climatic optimum (1978)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 272 (5648). pp. 43-46.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-02
    Description: The past 20,000 yr have witnessed tremendous climatic changes, a glacial maximum at about 18,000 yr BP and a climatic optimum centred on about 6,000 yr BP, both of which mark extreme situations for the Quaternary. This paper attempts to show that active sand dunes were extensive 18,000 yr ago. Conversely, it seems that sand dunes were generally dormant 6,000 yr ago. Thus the former textbook concept1,2 of an arid climatic optimum and a pluvially active glacial maximum is reversed.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    Continental margin fault pattern mapped south-west of Ireland (1977)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 268 (5622). pp. 720-722.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Description: A SIMPLE model for continental basement structures at rifted continental margins comprises large fault blocks which trend approximately parallel to, and step down towards, the continental–ocean boundary (for example, see ref. 1). These blocks may be cut by faults which strike across the margin, and, in many theoretical discussions, are shown as being separated from the true oceanic crust by an intermediate zone (see transitional crust of Fig. 3, ref. 2). On many rifted margins these features are deeply buried by young sediments and cannot be stutied in detail. On Goban Spur (Fig. 1), a marginal plateau south-west of Ireland, the young sediment cover is abnormally thin, however, and we have been able to map in detail a 150 km wide continental basement fracture pattern of horsts and grabens using a simple seismic reflection system (160 inch3 air-gun and two-channel hydrophone array). We also suggest a location for the continent–ocean boundary between the Spur and Porcupine Abyssal Plain. There are few previously published data from Goban Spur relevant to our study, although valuable sampling3 and geophysical3–5 results have been obtained north and south of the area.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Snowdonia (1949)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 164 (1949), S. 1106-1106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THIS is the first of a series of regional volumes to ba iieubd by the editors of the New Naturalist. They I wppose to deal with those parts of Britain which\fte within areas which are likely to become national parks in the near future and which possess a special appeal to naturalists and lovers of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1641106a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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