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  • thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies  (8)
  • Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling
  • Oxford University Press  (7)
  • CRC Press  (1)
  • Cell Press  (1)
  • American Physical Society
  • Logos Verlag Berlin
  • Wiley-Blackwell
  • 2020-2024  (9)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 2023  (9)
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  • 2020-2024  (9)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
Year
  • 1
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    The Developer's Dilemma (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: This book explores this developer’s dilemma or ‘Kuznetsian tension’ between structural transformation and income inequality. Developing countries are seeking economic development—that is, structural transformation—which is inclusive in the sense that it is broad-based and raises the income of all, especially the poor. Thus, inclusive economic growth requires steady, or even falling, income inequality if it is to maximize the growth of incomes at the lower end of the distribution. Yet, this is at odds with Simon Kuznets hypothesis that economic development tends to put upward pressure on income inequality, at least initially and in the absence of countervailing policies. The book asks: what are the types or ‘varieties’ of structural transformation that have been experienced in developing countries? What inequality dynamics are associated with each variety of structural transformation? And what policies have been utilized to manage trade-offs between structural transformation, income inequality, and inclusive growth? The book answers these questions using a comparative case study approach, contrasting nine developing countries while employing a common analytical framework and a set of common datasets across the case studies. The intended intellectual contribution of the book is to provide a comparative analysis of the relationship between structural transformation, income inequality, and inclusive growth; to do so empirically at a regional and national level; and to draw conclusions from the cases on the varieties of structural transformation, their inequality dynamics, and the policies that have been employed to mediate the developer’s dilemma.
    Keywords: structural transformation, Kuznetsian tension, economic growth, income inequality, developing countries ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCG Economic growth
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Technology and Sustainable Development (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: governance;politics;Sustainable development goals;sustainability;technological change
    Keywords: governance;politics;Sustainable development goals;sustainability;technological change ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics::UBJ Digital and information technologies: social and ethical aspects ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science and technology on society ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQN Neural networks and fuzzy systems ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering::TJFM1 Robotics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVF Sustainable agriculture ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics::UBJ Digital and information technologies: social and ethical aspects ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science and technology on society ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQN Neural networks and fuzzy systems ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering::TJFM1 Robotics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVF Sustainable agriculture
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    The Job Ladder (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Using a range of countries from the Global South, this book examines heterogeneity within informal work by applying a common conceptual framework and empirical methodology. The country studies use panel data to study the dynamics of worker transitions between formal and heterogeneous, informal work. The range of country studies in the book (covering Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa) allow us to present a comparative perspective across developing countries. Each country study provides a nuanced view of informality, dividing workers into six work status groups: formal wage-employees, upper-tier informal wage-employees, lower-tier informal wage-employees, formal self-employed, upper-tier informal self-employed, and lower-tier informal self-employed. Based on this common conceptual framework, the country studies examine the distribution of workers between each of these work status groups. Using panel data, the country studies document transition patterns across different formality and work status groups. The panel data analysed in each country study gives a basis for making statements about labour market transitions that are not warranted when using comparable cross sections. In addition to measuring the distribution of workers and transitions between work status groups, each country study also examines individual-level and household-level characteristics associated with workers in each work status. Using these characteristics, each country study constructs a ‘job ladder’ that ranks each work status. The country studies then examine the characteristics of workers that are associated with transitions up (and down) the job ladder.
    Keywords: Formal and informal work; Global South; labour market transition; work status; wage-employees; self-employed ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCF Labour / income economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCG Economic growth
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    China-Africa and an Economic Transformation (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Progress in Africa’s economic growth in the new millennium has been uneven across countries, and has not translated into structural transformation. The same can be said about the evolving China–Africa economic relations. Although economic ties between China and Africa have made a positive contribution, the impact of this dynamic engagement has been uneven, shaped by variations in strategic approach, policy ownership, and implementation capacity among African governments. As China undergoes major economic rebalancing to upgrade to an innovation-driven economy, this is bound to affect China–Africa relations, offering both opportunities and challenges. Authored by leading scholars on Africa, China, and China–Africa relations, this volume brings together stimulating and thought-provoking perspectives, and deeper analyses on the evolving China–Africa relations. Focusing on Africa’s economic development, the volume looks at core areas of structural transformation: productive investment and industrialization, international trade, infrastructure development, and financing. China–Africa relations are considered in the context of the global division of labour and power, and the particular role of both China and the continent of Africa in the evolving global hierarchy. This volume seeks to fill the gap in the existing literature, steer policy and scholarly debate on the progress and trajectory of China–Africa cooperation, and analyse China’s development path as a source of learning for Africa.
    Keywords: China, Africa, China–Africa cooperation, economic transformation, structural transformation, economic ties, industrialization, global division of labour ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCL International economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCF Labour / income economics
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Driving Digital Transformation (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: This book traces the experience of digital economic transformation in seven developing countries, providing insights for policymakers and practitioners in similar situations as well as lessons for outsiders trying to support government reform efforts more broadly. In one country, the prime minister pushes for the liberalization of digital finance as a central pillar of the country’s national strategy, while the central bank almost makes it a criminal offence. In another, the digital minister tries to scupper the very process to support digital transformation that the president has asked them to co-lead. This book gives a ringside seat on seven developing countries’ tumultuous early steps on the path to a reform of the economy and the government using technology. Written by a group of academics and practitioners from Oxford at the heart of the process, but foregrounding the voices of the policymakers and participants, this book documents and critically assesses efforts to assist a set of governments to kick-start digital transformation. In doing so, it offers lessons for policymakers in other countries. But beyond that, it is an exposition of the process of policymaking more generally in the 2020s, and offers a broader insight as to how outsiders can play a sensible role in other reform processes in developing and emerging countries.
    Description: illustrator
    Keywords: developing countries ; development ; digital ; economic transformation ; emerging economies ; government reform ; public policy ; technology ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCG Economic growth ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    The Political Economy of Food System Transformation (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Although the global food system increasingly is viewed as unsustainable for human and planetary health, the policy pathways for transforming the status quo are often highly contentious. This book brings together inter-disciplinary scholars to analyze the political economy dynamics central to food system transformation and to identify pathways for enhancing the political feasibility of necessary reforms. Drawing on original surveys, interviews, empirical modeling, and case studies from around the world, the book delves into the power dynamics, interest group coalitions, narratives, and institutional structures that shape decisions related to agricultural productivity, agro-industry, trade, and food consumption.
    Keywords: agricultural policy, economic development, food policy, food systems, governance, political economy, policy reform ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVD Agricultural and rural economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Controlling the Capital (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Authoritarianism is on the rise globally, with more than twice as many countries experiencing democratic decline as democratic enhancement in recent years. This has been occurring simultaneously with unprecedented rates of urbanization in many parts of the world, raising questions about the role of cities—often considered the focal points of democratic deepening—in this authoritarian turn. With most literature on authoritarianism focusing on the national scale, in this book we train our gaze on capital cities, which as ‘containers’ of both capital and sovereignty are spaces in which authoritarian dominance is increasingly built, contested, maintained, and undone. Focusing on some of the world’s fastest urbanizing regions in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, the book explores the multiple ways in which authoritarian regimes have been attempting to build and sustain long-term dominance in capital cities in order to meet the challenge of urban political resistance. Our diverse selection of case studies spans governing regimes that have recently tried to build urban dominance and spectacularly failed, as well as those that have managed to hold onto power by constantly evolving strategies for dominance that limit the potential for urban opposition to tip into regime overthrow. With chapters on Addis Ababa, Colombo, Dhaka, Harare, Kampala, and Lusaka, this book offers the first cross-regional comparative study of the relationship between cities and political dominance. It contributes to debates on authoritarianism and authoritarian durability, urbanization, political contestation and resistance, the politics of development, and the prospects for democracy.
    Keywords: authoritarianism, city, urbanization, political dominance, urban politics, opposition, protest, Africa, South Asia ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVS Regional / urban economics ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography::RGCM Economic geography ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPV Political control and freedoms
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Tasks, Skills, and Institutions (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: This book provides a unique, comparative assessment on how the nature of work is changing in 11 major developing countries, and the role that these changes play in shaping earnings inequality in these societies. It provides a nuanced and context-sensitive developing-country perspective with an in-depth assessment of national trends in earnings inequality, which are assessed against changes in the supply of higher skilled workers and education premia, on the one hand, and changes in the occupational structure and the remuneration of tasks, on the other, while being mindful of broader macroeconomic trends and institutional developments. We start showing that the common assumption that occupations are identical around the world tends to lead to an overestimation of the non-routine task content of jobs in developing and emerging economies. Then, we use country-specific measures of routine-task intensity, along with the standard O*NET measures, and other innovative ways to push the boundaries of existing research and make the most of the limited information that is available in each of the countries under study. We show that the large changes in the composition of workers by education and job routine-task intensity, which developing countries exhibited in the 2000s and 2010s, generally contributed to higher inequality, ceteris paribus. We also find evidence of job polarization or widening of earnings inequality driven by the evolution of routine intensity of jobs in several cases. However, changes in the education premium, along institutional factors, seem to explain inequality trends to a larger extent.
    Keywords: inequality, earnings, labour market, education, occupations, tasks, skills routinization, developing countries ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCF Labour / income economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCG Economic growth
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Hydroxyapatite catalyzed hydrothermal liquefaction transforms food waste from an environmental liability to renewable fuel (2023)
    Cell Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-08
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in LeClerc, H., Tompsett, G., Paulsen, A., McKenna, A., Niles, S., Reddy, C., Nelson, R., Cheng, F., Teixeira, A., & Timko, M. Hydroxyapatite catalyzed hydrothermal liquefaction transforms food waste from an environmental liability to renewable fuel. IScience, 25(9), (2022): 104916, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104916.
    Description: Food waste is an abundant and inexpensive resource for the production of renewable fuels. Biocrude yields obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of food waste can be boosted using hydroxyapatite (HAP) as an inexpensive and abundant catalyst. Combining HAP with an inexpensive homogeneous base increased biocrude yield from 14 ± 1 to 37 ± 3%, resulting in the recovery of 49 ± 2% of the energy contained in the food waste feed. Detailed product analysis revealed the importance of fatty-acid oligomerization during biocrude formation, highlighting the role of acid-base catalysts in promoting condensation reactions. Economic and environmental analysis found that the new technology has the potential to reduce US greenhouse gas emissions by 2.6% while producing renewable diesel with a minimum fuel selling price of $1.06/GGE. HAP can play a role in transforming food waste from a liability to a renewable fuel.
    Description: This work was funded by the DOE Bioenergy Technology Office (DE-EE0008513), a DOE DBIR (DE-SC0015784) and the MassCEC. The authors thank WenWen Yao, Department of Environmental Science at WPI, for TOC analysis, Mainstream Engineering for heating value characterization of the oil and solid samples, Wei Fan for assistance in obtaining SEM images and, Julia Martin and Ronald Grimm for their assistance in collecting XPS data, and Jeffrey R. Page for his assistance with oil upgrading and analysis. HOL was partially funded for this work by NSF Graduate Research Fellowship award number 2038257. A portion of this work was performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Ion Cyclotron Resonance user facility, which is supported by the NSF Division of Materials Research and Division of Chemistry through DMR 16-44779 and the State of Florida.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical engineering ; Catalysis
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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