ALBERT

Description: As an introduction to a number of researches of his own the author wishes to give the following data: \xe2\x80\x9eVeen\xe2\x80\x9d has two meanings in Dutch: 1. in a petrographic sense (peat) Von B\xc3\xbcllow\xe2\x80\x99s definition was accepted: \xe2\x80\x9eTorf\xe2\x80\x9d ist zu deflnieren als ein meist dunkles, kohlenstoffreiches und \xc2\xb1 saures Gemenge unvollst\xc3\xa4ndig spezifisch-zersetzter Pflanzenteile, das erdgeschichtlich j\xc3\xbcngste Glied der Verwantschaftsreihe der Kohlen, dessen Bildung noch heute andauert.\xe2\x80\x9d 2. in a plant-sociological-geographic sense (bog) the following definition has been suggested: a bog is a plot, the surface of which consists of a layer of peat, either covered or not with vegetation, with which that layer is genetically connected. The classification of bogs according to their position with regard to the water-level of the surroundings (Staring) and that of the geological chart were rejected on account of their ambiguous character. The classification suggested by Van Baren according to the environment in which the bogs have been formed, was likewise thought insufficient. Preference was given to the classification according to the plants which gave rise to the peat (eutrophic, mesotrophic and oligotrophic bogs) and according to the origin of the water needed for peat formation (topogenous, ombrogenous and soligenous bogs). The conditions of peat-formation are of a botanical (presence of a vegetation and micro-organisms), climatologic (presence of a certain temperature and moisture) and geological nature (presence of a basin, valley or dead river-branch, certain level of ground water, a possible impervious layer). With reference to a number of authors (Picardt; Van Lier; Grisebach, Venema and Staring; Weber) the alteration in conception as to peatformation from the 17th via the 18th and 19th to the 20th century has been given.\nThe word \xe2\x80\x9ePeel\xe2\x80\x9d cannot be derived from \xe2\x80\x9epalus\xe2\x80\x9d. Nothing is certain about its origin. It may mean the low land, bog or marsh. The bogs of the Peel lie on the Brabant-Limburg border-plateau (fig. 2). Lori\xc3\xa9 and Pannekoek van Rheden have shown that the peatformation of the Peel is likely to have occurred in channels, which have been formed by the Meuse, in co-operation with wind and rain (fig. 4). The bogs were therefore in the first instance topogenous formations, which afterwards developed into ombrogenous bogs. For his own research the author collected peat in three ways: 1. by cutting lumps of peat from open profiles; 2. by boring with a simple peat-bore (photograph 1); 3. by boring with the Utrecht peat-bore, an improvement on Dachnowski\xe2\x80\x99s (fig. 5). To assist in the pollen-analytic examination the samples were treated according to Erdtman\xe2\x80\x99s method. The latter has the following advantages compared with the usual treatment with a 10% KOH-solution: 1. the surface-structures of the pollen-grains are more distinct and as a result the grains themselves can be recognized better; 2. the pollen is more concentrated, so that in spite of the method taking up much time, a saving of time is possible. How the method is applied may be found in the chapter concerned (p. 38 and following). For the stratigraphic examination the samples were broken apart in a glass-bowl of water and viewed with a binocular microscope. Dry sandy samples were broken in water, when seeds and other vegetative parts came floating to the top; next they were put with a brush on thick blotting paper and studied through the binocular microscope. The designations for the sediments and species of peat have been derived from F\xc3\xa6gri & Gams. For Scheuchzeria peat a new designation has been added. A plea was made for replacing the word pollen-analysis by \xe2\x80\x9epalynology\xe2\x80\x9d. A survey of the observations and examinations up to abt. 1935 closes the introduction (see the diagrams of Weber, Erdtman and Duyfjes in the figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9). The author\xe2\x80\x99s own research refers to the Southern and Astense Peel, as in the remaining grounds of the geological chart indicated I 4v (= raised bog) no samples could be taken owing to the digging off having progressed too far. 10 profiles were examined. The situation of the bore-sites has been given in the geological chart of the grounds (fig. 3). The result of the examination (figs. 10\xe2\x80\x9427) and the discussion on it may be summerized as follows: Zoning of pollen-diagrams The sub-zoning of the late- and post-glacial periods according to Blytt & Sernander has proved useful as a zoning of pollen-diagrams, provided atlantic and sub-boreal are joined. It is desirable to replace Blytt & Sernander\xe2\x80\x99s terminology by a different one, because the authors gave a climatologic connotation to their names of periods. The limit between pleistocene and holocene was drawn between preboreal and boreal as Florsch\xc3\xbctz did. As phases of the holocene the following names were suggested: young post-glacial = sub-atlantic mid post-glacial = sub-boreal and atlantic old post-glacial = boreal. Neither in the Peel nor elsewhere in Holland have Aller\xc3\xb8d-deposits been found. They are not likely to be found either, as on account of the long distance from the land-ice-margin the flora will have been hardly or not at all influenced by the Aller\xc3\xb8d interstadial period. For Holland therefore the zoning of the late-glacial according to Firbas (1935) may be considered sufficient. The names of the periods do not bear a climatologic connotation as those of the post-glacial phases do. For the sake of a unity the following names have been suggested: young late-glacial = pre-boreal mid late-glacial = sub-arctic period old late-glacial = arctic period.\nForest-history In a table (p. 98), in which likewise the Peel diagrams of Weber, Erdtman and Duyfjes have been inserted, the examined profiles have been arranged from North to South. From each profile it has been stated whether it originated in a certain period (+) or not (\xe2\x80\x94). The sub-arctic phase was characterized by forests of Betula and Pinus and was followed by the pre-boreal phase, in which Corylus and Alnus occurred. Also from the other Dutch diagrams (see list on p. 99) it appeared that in the Netherlands the Alnus pollen occurs with an equal frequency before, during and after that of the Quercetum mixtum. The old post-glacial zone of the diagrams shows a peak in the Pinusline. In contrast with the from Mid-Europe there is not always a maximum in the Corylus-curve after the Pinus-peak. In other Dutch diagrams this phenomenon is likewise found. Only in 28% of all Dutch profiles with a boreal zone does a hazel-maximum succeed a Pinus one. They often co-incide (16%), while in the remaining cases no hazelpeak has been established. There is no fixed order of sequence in the occurrence of the components of the Quercetum mixtum, either in the Peel or elsewhere in Holland.\nThe mid post-glacial is the phase of culmination of warmth-loving forest elements: Alnus pollen shows the highest percentage in this zone. Quercus pollen also occurs in great quantities, while Ulmus and Tilia take up an important place up to the \xe2\x80\x9eGrenzhorizont\xe2\x80\x9d. The absolute and empiric Fagus pollen limits are found at different heights in the mid post-glacial zone of the diagrams, the rational limit lies somewhere near the \xe2\x80\x9eGrenzhorizont\xe2\x80\x9d. In the young post-glacial phase the Fagus pollen attains fairly high percentages (up to 30%). The maxima in the East and South-east of the Netherlands are between 20% and 38%; they decrease towards the coast and increase towards the South-east (Hautes Fagnes, Belgium) and East (Germany). It seems incorrect to class the Netherlands almost entirely among the oak-alderterritory poor in beeches, as Firbas did. An attempt has been made to fit the Peel-diagrams into Overbeck & Schneider\xe2\x80\x99s zonation system. For the territory for which it has been made there are already difficulties (p. 104), for use in the Peel and other Dutch diagrams there are even more objections (p. 68, 104). Godwin\xe2\x80\x99s zonation system appeared to be a little less forced, but not quite useful on account of too many details. From his horizons that of Ulmus proved useless for the continent. Neither for the Peel nor for the Netherlands and its surrounding territory can a detailed zonation system be designed. It has proved difficult to proceed any farther than Rudolph\xe2\x80\x99s \xe2\x80\x9eGrundsukzession\xe2\x80\x9d: birch, pine-hazel-mixed oak-forest-beech, in which the alder generally joins the mixed oak-forest and the hornbeam the beech. Before drawing far-reaching conclusions from the course of the curves (as has been done by some authors) more palynological researches are needed in accordance with the actuality principle, known from geology.\nPollen-grains from warmth-loving trees in seemingly sub-arctic spectra In profile 4 (Deurnse Peel II) pollen-grains of Abies, Alnus, Picea, Tilia, Ulmus and Corylus were found in the \xe2\x80\x9elate-glacial\xe2\x80\x9d zone (figs. 14, 15). Investigations were made as to which of the following possibilities would be the cause of their appearance: 1. in taking and preparing the samples pollution occurred; 2. pollen-transport over long distances has taken place; 3. the pollen-grains found have got secondarily into the deposit; 4. warmth-loving trees have occurred in favourable circumstances in the late-glacial phase or 5. in an interstadial period or in an interglacial phase. The said pollen-grains probably hail from a W\xc3\xbcrm interstadial or interglacial phase.\nInterglacial peat On the site of the bore-point 7 it was possible to collect samples from the layers under the peat. The upper 40 cm of the diagram Griendtsveen IX (fig. 27) of this profile proved a repetition of the lower 40 cm of the Griendtsveen I profile (fig. 18). The diagram shows that pollen of Carpinus, Picea and Abies occurs showing the deposit to be of interglacial age. The pollen-curves, however, pass unnoticed from an interglacial into a post-glacial portion. The limit is likely to be found between the two, about 30 cm below the mowing field. There is therefore a great stratigraphic hiatus. Pollen-analytically it could not be decided from which interglacial period the profile hails; on account of its situation on the middle terrace, it was deemed likely that it was an Eem sea deposit. The examined profile probably corresponds to Jessen & Milthers\xe2\x80\x99 zone g; showing it to have been formed at the end of the Eem sea period. The Meuse therefore cannot have flowed through this part of the Astense Peel after the mid Eemean phase.\nStratigraphy This is difficult to summarize. Compare various profiles. Individual mention may be made here of: 1. peat on a podsol layer; this was found in two places (Deurnse Peel I Kraaienhut and Griendtsveen VIII). Peat-formation may be thought to have occurred in the following way: heather started growing on drift-sand giving rise to a podsol layer. As the latter is impervious the vegetation surface became marshy. The heath was replaced by a Caricetum from which peat arose. Gradually more Eriophorum occurred, from which almost pure vaginatum peat arose. The bog-surface grew moister and moister, Sphagnum cuspidatum and Scheuchzeria could grow on it and formed a \xe2\x80\x9eVorlaufstorf\xe2\x80\x9d. Only then could non-extremehydrophile Sphagna join in peat-formation. 2. the occurrence of Scheuchzeria-peat after the \xe2\x80\x9eGrenzhorizont\xe2\x80\x9d period. This species of peat, which is often found at the basis of the old Sphagnum-peat as a mesotrophic transition vegetation, has for the Netherlands only been found in the young post-glacial phase in the Peel (Deurnse Peel I Kraaienhut, Griendtsveen V and VIII and Nederweerd). At present the plant is very rare. The severe decline of this plant was also observed elsewhere. Probably it is caused by the gradual drying up or reclaiming of the raised bogs. Of the present station of Scheuchzeria near Ommen a short description has been given (p. 59 and photographs 2, 3, 4). 3. the \xe2\x80\x9eGrenzhorizont\xe2\x80\x9d. Where the young Sphagnum-peat has not been dug for the preparation of moss-litter, the Peel bogs show a clear \xe2\x80\x9eGrenzhorizont\xe2\x80\x9d (photograph 8). The conceptions about its origin have been discussed. The distinct separation between the old and the young Sphagnum-peat was not considered sufficiently explained. Though on the whole the \xe2\x80\x9eGrenzhorizont\xe2\x80\x9d is synchronous in the North-west European profiles, the point of transition from old to young Sphagnumpeat was fairly unstable and easily changeable as to time. Generally the date of the \xe2\x80\x9eGrenzhorizont\xe2\x80\x9d is fixed at about 500 A.D., though there are differences in opinion. There is a lack of archeological correlation which renders a correct dating impossible.\nInterference of man in the Peel Three ways of interference were stated: 1. peat has been dug off for the greater part in the territory of the Peel: young Sphagnum-peat for the preparation of moss-litter, old Sphagnum-peat for fuel. The trees which appeared when the bog was dug up in the \xe2\x80\x9eVeenderij der Maatschappij Griendtsveen\xe2\x80\x9d are sometimes in so good a condition, that they are used for building sheds. The 1 st, 2nd and 4th beam in the foreground of the shed in photo 5 has been sawn from a 30 m long subfossil pine. 2. in a native peat-digging it was possible to collect recent young Sphagnum-peat. 40 to 50 years ago the peasants living there had dug peat in holes, which were afterwards left to themselves. Sphagnum started growing again and the holes were filled in again. The diagram (fig. Griendtsveen VII) represents the surrounding heath with scattered pines and birches, sown by the wind, and a pine-plantation close by. 3. in the profiles Nieuwe Peel, Griendtsveen VI and VII it has been fixed by the indications given by Firbas, that only in the surface layers of the bog has corn-pollen occurred. So in these parts cultivation of cereals will be of recent date. This also appeared from the history of the reclamation of the said territory.

Description: A revision of the material belonging to the genus Erebia Dalman in the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden, mainly based on the "Monograph of the genus Erebia" by B. C. S. Warren (London, 1936), induced me to describe a number of new subspecies and aberrations, and to make some remarks on forms already described.\nThe greater and most important part of the material is to be found in the Mezger collection, which is kept separate. It has always been indicated with the types, if they are to be found in that collection ; all other types are included in the general collection of Lepidoptera of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historic Descriptions and remarks are following here in systematic order, according to Warren\'s system.\nErebia eriphyle (Frr.) subsp. tristis H.-S. ab. secundo-tertiopunctata nov. ab.\nThe typical eriphyle possesses two black spots on the forewing; specimens deviating in this respect were described as ab. tripunctata Hoffm. with three spots, and as ab. impunctata H\xc3\xb6fn. without black spots. One of the specimens in hand, from Reichenstein, Styria, and consequently belonging to the subsp. tristis H.-S., shows the two hindmost black spots of the ab. tripunctata Hoffm., but the foremost spot is lacking. I propose the name secundo-tertiopunctata nov. ab. for this aberration.\nHolotype: \xe2\x99\x82, Reichenstein, 15 VII 1923, in the Mezger collection.\nErebia manto (Schiff. & Dennis) subsp. osmanica Schaw. ab. subtuslutescens nov. ab., and ab. bubastis nov. ab.\nIn his excellent monograph of the genus Erebia Warren writes that the

Description: Introduction........................ 1\nTerminology of the upper teeth of rhinoceros............ 3\nOn the recent occurrence of Rhinoceros sonda\xc3\xafcus Desmarest in Sumatra . . 6 On the distinguishing dental characters of Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (Fischer) and Rhinoceros sonda\xc3\xafcus Desmarest.............. 9\nDicerorhinus sumatrensis (Fischer)................ 12\nRhinoceros or Dicerorhinus spec.................. 29\nRhinoceros sonda\xc3\xafcus Desmarest................. 34\nRhinoceros unicornis L..................... 81\nRhinoceros kendengindicus Dubois................ 84\n"Aceratherium" boschi Von Koenigswald.............. 107\nRhinoceros spec....................... 108\nRhino\xd1\x81\xd0\xb5r\xd0\xbes karnuliensis Lydekker................. 112\nAceratherium perimense Falconer et Cautley............. 114\nLiterature......................... 117\nTables I-VIII........................ 123\nExplanation of the plates................... 135\n......... toutes mes d\xc3\xa9terminations d\'esp\xc3\xa8ces ont \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 faites sur les os eux-m\xc3\xaames, ou sur de bonnes figures ; il s\'en faut au contraire beaucoup que j\'aie observ\xc3\xa9 par moi-m\xc3\xaame tous les lieux o\xc3\xb9 ces os ont \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 d\xc3\xa9couverts.\nCUVIER, G., Discours sur les r\xc3\xa9volutions de la surface du globe, 3rd ed., 1825, p. 114/115.\n\nINTRODUCTION\nThe present paper contains descriptions of the subfossil remains of rhi-

Description: In his key to the species of the genus Diploglossus, Boulenger (1885, p. 284) distinguishes between two groups of species, viz., one group in which the digits terminate in "a large compressed sheath, into which the claw may be entirely or nearly entirely retracted", while in the other group such a sheath is absent. Barbour (1910, p. 297) considers the presence or absence of an ungual sheath as a character of generic value ; he separates the species lacking such a sheath from the true Diploglossus, and revives the genus Celestus Gray for them 1). Burt & Burt (1931, pp. 241-242) also stress the importance of this character.\nIndeed the sheath is absent in Celestes occiduus (Shaw), of which Celestus striatus Gray (the type of the genus) is a synonym. Of the other species included in Celestus (Barbour, 1937, pp. 138-139) I have examined only Celestus de la sagra (Cocteau). Of the two specimens in our collection (Herp. reg. nos. 3626, 3634), one (no. 3626) is a cotype of Scincus (Diploglossus) de la sagra Cocteau (in Cocteau & Bibron, 1839, p. 180, pl. 20).\nIn both specimens the terminal scale on the upper surface of the digits forms a

Description: Besides the rather scanty material collected before 1900 the Phyllophorin\xd0\xb0\xd0\xb5 of the Leiden and the Amsterdam Museums consist of many of Karny\'s type specimens, and a number of specimens collected in New Guinea, especially by Van Kampen and by Versteeg.\nThough various authors (Kirby, 1899; Griffini, 1908) published papers of fundamental value concerning this subfamily of the Tettigoniidae, the general survey given by Caudell (1912) was little critical, in different genera even species are placed here of which the synonymy had already been established before (cf. Karny, 1924, pp. 19, 20). A modern revision of the subfamily was given by Karny (1924).\nThough Karny based his paper on a rather large number of specimens and a great deal of literature, it appears that there exist more species. The Leiden as well as the Amsterdam collections contain some specimens which could not be identified with the help of Karny\'s keys, and which did not fit in with the descriptions of the species already known. For that reason I feel justified to describe these as new species.\nAll specimens dealt with below, Karny\'s type specimens included, were carefully compared with the descriptions to avoid misinterpretations of Karny\'s view. In a few cases, however, I cannot agree with Karny\'s views concerning certain details in the keys as well as in the descriptions and I have given some additional notes when dealing with the genera or species under consideration.\nI abstained from giving a new key as that of Karny will do for the present when my remarks are taken into account.\nSasima Bol\xc3\xadvar

Description: When studying the European Caridea of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden and of the Zoological Museum at Amsterdam, some specimens of the genus Pandalina came at hand, which proved to belong to a new species. These specimens had already been reported upon by Hoek (1882), who considered them to be Pandalina brevirostris (Rathke). Comparison with typical specimens of Pandalina brevirostris, however, showed various constant differences, which in my opinion justify the separation of Hoek\'s specimens as a distinct species.\nIn the present paper an enumeration of the specimens of both species of Pandalina present in the above mentioned Musea is given.\nPandalina profunda nov. spec. (fig. 1a-c) Pandalus brevirostris Hoek, 1882, Niederl. Arch. Zool., suppl. vol. 1 pt. 7, p. 22,pl. 1 fig. 10 (non Pandalus brevirostris Rathke, 1843).\nPandalus brevirostris A. Milne Edwards, 1883, Rec. Fig. Crust. nouv. peu conn., pl. 26 fig. 2.\nPandalina brevirostris Schellenberg, 1928, Tierw. Deutschl., vol. 10 pt. 2, fig. 7 (non p. 16, figs. 8, 9).\nMuseum Leiden: Barents Sea; 1878-1879; Willem Barents Expedition. \xe2\x80\x94 4 specimens 24-28 mm 1).\nBergen, Norway; 1907. \xe2\x80\x94 1 ovigerous \xe2\x99\x80 25 mm.\nDescription : The rostrum is short, it reaches to the middle of the second segment of the antennular peduncle ; it is straight or directed slightly upward at the apex. The upper margin is provided with eight to ten teeth; the anterior three or four of which are immovable, the posterior teeth articulate with the carapace. The lower margin of the rostrum is provided with three

Description: Perennis, innovationibus extravaginalibus. Caulis usque ad 80 cm altus, erectus vel nodo infimo radicans et geniculato-adscendens, usque ad apicem paniculae pilosus, pilis albis, usque ad 3 mm longis, e tuberculis emergentibus. Vaginae arcte appressae, internodiis breviores, hispidae, pilis e tuberculis emergentibus, albis, usque ad 4 mm longis, marginibus oris vaginarum stellato-patentibus. Ligula verticilla pilorum consistens. Folia caulina subtus ad basin pilis e tuberculis emergentibus munita, ceterum glabra ut supra; folia infima 2\xe2\x80\x943 dm longa, complicata vel plana et usque ad 4 mm lata, nervis tenuioribus ac crassioribus alternantibus, folia innovationum omnia angusta, complicata et apicem versus convoluta. Panicula erecta, pyramidalis, per anthesin ac postea patens, usque ad 20 cm longa vel paulo longior; rhachis pilis longis albis patentibus barbatis. Semiverticilla infima e ramis usque ad 8, 6\xe2\x80\x948 cm longis, composita. Apicem versus numerus et longitudo ramorum sensim decrescunt; hi rami glabri; initium ramificationis secundariae supra partem tertiam infimam; rami secundarii spiculis breviter pedicellatis sparse praediti. Spiculae plumbeo-griseae, lineares, 5\xe2\x80\x9410-florae, quae 7 flores gerunt, 6 mm longae et \xc2\xbd\xe2\x80\x94\xc2\xbe mm latae. Glumae tenuiter membranaceae; gluma inferior 1 mm longa, acuta; gluma superior 1\xc2\xbd mm longa, obtusiuscula; ambae nervis inconspicius et mox deciduae. Rhachilla glabra, internodiis sublongis, floribus plus minusve remotis. Lemma 1\xc2\xbd mm longa a latere visa linearis, acuta, debilis, margine angusto membranaceo; nervis lateralibus lumine reflecto inconspicuis. Palea elliptica, lemma aequilonga.\nI found this new species among a series of unicae, bought from K. Dinter and collected by him in 1912 in South-West-Africa (No. 2572, Grassteppe at Okahandja); type specimen in Herb. Lugd.-Bat.

Description: Fate has knocked at your door. It has reminded you that, as to the years of your life, you are no longer a young man, that your age will be sixty five on the day this little volume will be presented to you.\nTime and fate are inexorable powers. Sometimes the question has occurred to me, whether we have any right to speak of a \xe2\x80\x9cJubilee\xe2\x80\x9d, whether one\xe2\x80\x99s retirement from office or the attainment of high age is something to be gratulated upon, since these events are usually not exactly welcome to the person involved. Yet, I think there cannot be any doubt as to this. For, can there be ever more reason for deep satisfaction and gratitude than when a man may without self-reproach, look back upon an honest and successful life?

Description: A taxonomic study of the 6 species of Stipa that inhabit desert regions of the Puna de Atacama S. Bomani Haum., S. venusta Phil., S. obtusa [Nees et Mey.] Hitchc., S. rigidiseta [Pilg.] Hitchc., S. saltensis O. Kuntze, and the new species S. Henrardiana) indicates that they constitute a natural group which I designate Obtusae, using as type the species S. obtusa which is the one with priority. The group is characterised by setose leaves, with ligules 3 to 10 mm long, by glumes that are scarious, smooth, depressed and usually unequal, by the fusiform anthoecium with the palea as long as the lemma and by glabrous anthers. These characters reveal a close relationship with Orthachne Nees and Oryzopsis Michx. More detailed studies are necessary to decide the generic relationships.\nSome of the species studied ( S. Bomani and S. saltensis) contain cyanoglucosides in their vegetative organs and consequently are feared by the inhabitants of the Puna as being toxic to livestock.

Description: A few years ago Prof. Dr W. Martin, at the time director of the Gallery of prints and drawings at Leyden, drew my attention to an oilpainting at Prof. J. N. Bakhuizen van den Brink\xe2\x80\x99s, 40 Rapenburg, Leyden. This painting (size 95 X 68 cm), which is owned by the Leyden University Fund, shows a peculiar group of flowering exotic plants, to which a few mushrooms, a snake, a lizard and some butterflies are added, and on the right side in the back-ground a view on a river or a lake. In the lower right hand corner the painting is signed Lau. Vinn. Prof. Martin concluded from this that it was one of the Haarlem painters Van der Vinne who made it. The most plausible inference seemed to look upon the senior Laurens van der Vinne (1658\xe2\x80\x941729), a well-known Dutch painter of flowers, as the maker. However, a closer investigation learnt that this was not correct.\nWhen Prof. Martin showed me the picture, I got the impression that I had seen a few of the drawings of the individual plants before. Looking through the plate collections of the \xe2\x80\x9cRijksherbarium\xe2\x80\x9d it appeared that this impression was right. These collections, namely, contain water-colours of the 4 species of Proteaceae figured in the painting and moreover a water-colour of the specimen of Sprekelia formosissima. All these once belonged to the Leyden professor Adriaan van Royen. The water-colour of Sprekelia formosissima is signed \xe2\x80\x9cLaurens van der Vinne Pinxcit 1736\xe2\x80\x9d. It is quite probable that this beautiful drawing, together with those of the Proteaceae, were used by Van der Vinne in composing his picture. Besides, it became evident that it was not the senior but the junior Van der Vinne who must be considered the painter, as the former died already in 1729 and the painting must have been made in 1736 or later.