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  • Articles  (796)
  • Springer  (796)
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  • Articles  (796)
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  • Springer  (796)
  • Cambridge University Press
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • Springer Nature
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  • 2020-2024
  • 2010-2014  (796)
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004
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  • Biology  (796)
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  • Medicine  (422)
  • 1
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    Improved Insecticidal Toxicity by Fusing Cry1Ac of Bacillus thuringiensis with Av3 of Anemonia viridis (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-29
    Description: Av3, a neurotoxin of Anemonia viridis , is toxic to crustaceans and cockroaches but inactive in mammals. In the present study, Av3 was expressed in Escherichia coli Origami B (DE3) and purified by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The purified Av3 was injected into the hemocoel of Helicoverpa armigera , rendering the worm paralyzed. Then, Av3 was expressed alone or fusion expressed with the Cry1Ac in acrystalliferous strain Cry − B of Bacillus thuringiensis . The shape of Cry1Ac was changed by fusion with Av3. The expressed fusion protein, Cry1AcAv3, formed irregular rhombus- or crescent-shaped crystalline inclusions, which is quite different from the shape of original Cry1Ac crystals. The toxicity of Cry1Ac was improved by fused expression. Compared with original Cry1Ac expressed in Cry − B, the oral toxicity of Cry1AcAv3 to H. armigera was elevated about 2.6-fold. No toxicity was detected when Av3 was expressed in Cry − B alone. The present study confirmed that marine toxins could be used in bio-control and implied that fused expression with other insecticidal proteins could be an efficient way for their application.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0991
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 2
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    Improved Insecticidal Toxicity by Fusing Cry1Ac of Bacillus thuringiensis with Av3 of Anemonia viridis (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-29
    Print ISSN: 0343-8651
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0991
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 3
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    Bio-prospecting of Distillery Yeasts as Bio-control and Bio-remediation Agents (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-28
    Description: This work constitutes a preliminary study in which the capacity of non- Saccharomyces yeasts isolated from ancient distilleries as bio-control agents against moulds and in the treatment of waste waters contaminated by heavy metals—i.e. bio-remediation—is shown. In the first control assays, antagonist effect between non- Saccharomyces yeasts, their extracts and supernatants against some moulds, analysing the plausible (not exhaustive) involved factors were qualitatively verified. In addition, two enzymatic degrading properties of cell wall plant polymers, quitinolitic and pectinolitic, were screened. Finally, their use as agents of bio-remediation of three heavy metals (cadmium, chromium and lead) was analysed semi-quantitatively. The results showed that all isolates belonging to Pichia species effectively inhibited all moulds assayed. Moreover, P. kudriavzevii is a good candidate for both bio-control and bio-remediation because it inhibited moulds and accumulated the major proportion of the three tested metals.
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  • 4
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    Construction and Analysis of a Modified Transposable Element Carrying an Outward Directed Inducible Promoter for Bacillus subtilis (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-28
    Description: Transposons are important tools to inactivate chromosomal genes followed by a correlation with a particular phenotype or genotype. Here we demonstrated the development of a special type of genetically engineered transposon carrying an outward-directed inducible promoter in order to allow transcription of nearby genes. We have modified the mariner transposon TnYLB able to transpose in B. subtilis . This modified TnYLB carries an expression unit consisting of the xylose repressor xylR and an outward-directed promoter negatively controlled by this repressor. This TnYLB-XylOut transposon is able to turn on gene expression if insertion occurs close to a promoter-less gene. It will be an important tool to identify the function of genes either by turning on their expression or by enhanced expression depending on the xylose concentration.
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  • 5
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    Combination of Culture-Dependent and -Independent Methods Reveals Diverse Acyl Homoserine Lactone-Producers from Rhizosphere of Wetland Plants (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-28
    Description: The culture-dependent method and a degenerate primer-based culture-independent method were combined in an effort to identify N -acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) producers in rhizosphere of wetland plants, Salix babylonic a (willow) and Phragmites australis (reed). Overall, eight potential AHL-producing genera were found, which were Aeromonas , Pseudomonas , Polymorphum , Agrobacterium , Rhizobium , Sinorhizobium , Ensifer , and Pectobacterium . Thin layer chromatograph assay revealed various AHL profiles from cultivable AHL-producers. The degenerate primer pair RAHL352F and RAHL461R was found to cover AHL synthetase genes from families Rhizobiaceae and Rhodobacteraceae . Little overlap was found in taxa of potential AHL-producers obtained by the two methods, indicating that they were well complement to each other. This is the first survey for AHL-producers that employed combined culture-dependent and -independent methods.
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  • 6
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    Biofilm Formation, Host-Cell Adherence, and Virulence Genes Regulation of Streptococcus suis in Response to Autoinducer-2 Signaling (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-28
    Description: Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is a universal signal molecule mediating intra- and interspecies communication among bacteria. AI-2 is a byproduct of the LuxS enzyme during the catabolism of S-adenosylhomocysteine and plays critical roles in regulating various behaviors of bacteria. In our previous study, the function of LuxS in AI-2 production was verified in Streptococcus suis (SS). Decreased levels of SS biofilm formation and host-cell adherence as well as the inability to produce AI-2 were observed in SS having a luxS mutant gene. In this study, exogenous addition of a low concentration of AI-2 synthesized in vitro was found to promote biofilm formation and host-cell adherence. However, higher concentrations of AI-2 inhibited SS biofilm formation and host-cell adherence. Real-time PCR results showed that the mRNA level of virulence factors of SS biofilm, gdh , cps2 , sly , and mrp increased and ef , fbps , and gapdh decreased with increasing AI-2 concentrations. These findings demonstrated that AI-2 supplemented exogenously acted as a concentration-dependent signaling molecule to regulate SS biofilm formation, host-cell adherence, and transcription levels of many virulence genes.
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  • 7
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    Identification of Antibiotic Resistance Cassettes in Class 1 Integrons in Aeromonas spp. Strains Isolated From Fresh Fish ( Cyprinus carpio L.) (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-28
    Description: Forty-six Aeromonas spp. strains were isolated from fresh fish and investigated for their antimicrobial susceptibility, detection of Class 1 integrons by PCR, and arrangement of gene cassettes. Selected isolates were further characterized by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR. Twenty isolates were found to carry Class 1 integrons. Amplification of the variable regions of the integrons revealed diverse bands ranging in size from 150 to 1,958 pb. Sequence analysis of the variable regions revealed the presence of several gene cassettes, such as adenylyl transferases ( aadA2 and aadA5 ), dihydrofolate reductases ( dfrA17 and dfrA1 ), chloramphenicol acetyl transferase ( catB3 ), β-lactamase ( oxa2 ), lincosamide nucleotidil transferase ( linF ), aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme ( apha15 ), and oxacillinase ( bla OXA-10 ). Two open reading frames with an unknown function were identified as orfC and orfD. The aadA2 cassette was the most common integron found in this study. Interestingly, five integrons were detected in the plasmids that might be involved in the transfer of resistance genes to other bacteria. This is a first report of cassette encoding for lincosamides ( linF ) resistance in Aeromonas spp. Implications on the incidence of integrons in isolates of Aeromonas spp. from fresh fish for human consumption, and its possible consequences to human health are discussed.
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  • 8
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    Diversity and antimitotic activity of taxol-producing endophytic fungi isolated from Himalayan yew (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-28
    Description: Endophytic fungi represent an under explored resource of novel lead compounds and have the capacity to produce diverse classes of plant secondary metabolites. Here, we investigated the endophytic fungal diversity of taxol-producing endophytes from Taxus baccata L. ssp. wallichiana (Zucc.) Pilger and also tested the antimitogenic effect of fungal taxol using potato disc tumor assay. A total of 60 fungal endophytes were isolated from the inner bark (phloem-cambium) of T. baccata ssp. wallichiana , collected from different locations of the northern Himalayan region. Two key genes, DBAT (10-deacetylbaccatin III-10- O -acetyl transferase) and BAPT (C-13 phenylpropanoid side chain-CoA acyltransferase), involved in taxol biosynthesis were used as molecular markers for the screening of taxol-producing strains. Five representative species gave positive amplification hits by molecular marker screening with the bapt gene. These fungi were characterized and identified based on morphological and molecular identification. The taxol-producing capability of these endophytic fungi was validated by HPLC-MS. Among the five taxol-producing fungi, the highest yield of taxol was found to be 66.25 μg/l by Fusarium redolens compared with those of the other four strains.
    Print ISSN: 1590-4261
    Electronic ISSN: 1869-2044
    Topics: Biology
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  • 9
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    Characterization of a thermotolerant laccase produced by Streptomyces sp. SB086 (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-28
    Description: Laccases have become desirable enzymes for application in many industrial processes. Nowadays, most of these enzymes are obtained from fungi. Among prospective studies for bacterial laccase genes, some have included actinomycetes, but only a few studies have characterized the enzyme produced. Thus, we have isolated a laccase-producing actinomycete from forest soil under restoration process and further aimed to characterize its produced enzyme. The isolate SB086 was assigned to the Streptomyces genus by a combination of phenotypical, chemical and phylogenetic properties. Our data indicate that the bacterium produces a thermotolerant laccase. The maximum activity was obtained in the pH range 4.0–5.0 and at 50 °C in reaction mixture containing 5 mM CuSO 4 ; thermal stability was noted at 60 °C and 70 °C—a well-desired characteristic for industry. The active enzyme presented a high molecular mass (over 100 kDa) and was less sensitive to inhibition by metal ions than generally described for bacterial laccases. Our findings support in silico data of bacterial laccase secretion, and reinforce the view that actinomycetes may be a rich source of laccase for industrial application.
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  • 10
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    Diversity and antimitotic activity of taxol-producing endophytic fungi isolated from Himalayan yew (2013)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2013-12-28
    Print ISSN: 1590-4261
    Electronic ISSN: 1869-2044
    Topics: Biology
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