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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The industry sector accounted for just over 30% of global GHG emissions in 2010 and scenarios envisage a continuing rise in demand for energy-intensive materials. This article sums up the most recent international analysis (IPCC, IEA, UNIDO, Global Energy Assessment) to give a broad view of the current prospects for reducing GHG emissions in industry. It does so from a global perspective, complementing where necessary where regional and sector-specific case studies. The article addresses the portfolio of options available, their technical and economic potentials, the experience in the use of policy instruments in industry, the synergies and tradeoffs that mitigation in the industry sector can have with other policy objectives, and the specific concerns of developing countries. Long-term decarbonisation pathways for the sector are also presented.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: Korean
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: After a wave of privatizations in the end of the 1990s, the electrical power supply of many municipalities in Germany has been returned into public hands. Many municipalities discover chances and possibilities for local action, which arise with remunicipalisation. The local policy-makers realize that remunicipalisation offers the opportunity of implementing an independent energy policy at local level which is critical in creating a transformation to a sustainable energy system based on energy efficiency and renewable energies. This scoping study provides an introduction to the topic of establishing municipal utilities in Germany. The findings of the authors' study provide important new insights into the possibilities to decentralise and democratise the German power sector. The findings were identified on the basis of a comprehensive screening of all newly established municipal utilities in Germany. As most network concession contracts in Germany expire by 2016, there has now existed a window of opportunity to rebuild the local energy supply. As a result, 72 new local power companies were established in Germany within just seven years (between early 2005 and late 2012). The results of this unique study will inform about details regarding regional concentration, the size of municipalities, the legal forms of the newly founded municipal public utility and the role of strategic partnerships. Furthermore, the founding of 72 municipal utilities since 2005 leads us to ask for the reasons. The study reviews the German trend towards municipal ownership of local utilities, assessing their performance based on 10 targets related to the energy transition, climate protection, and the local economic impact. Based on expert opinions, the study finds out that the likelihood of these targets being reached is "high to very high". The Japanese translation of the scoping study is completed by a foreword by Prof. Dr. Jörg Raupach-Sumiya (Professor, College of Business Administration, Ritsumeikan University) highlighting the importance of this study for Japan's energy policy.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: Japanese
    Type: report , doc-type:report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: Japanese
    Type: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-02-04
    Description: For a long time, with the continuous expansion of the oil and gas genesis theory and the increasing global demand for clean energy, hydrogen, as an important link connecting the theory of inorganic and organic hydrocarbon generation, as well as a promising clean energy, has gradually attracted widespread academic attention. The genesis of hydrogen in natural gas is relatively complex and diverse. According to its reaction mechanism, it can be divided into two categories: inorganic and organic. Inorganic genesis is mainly earth degassing, water rock reaction and water radiation decomposition, while organic genesis is dominated by biological action and organic matter pyrolysis. At present, hydrogen isotope and geochemical characteristics of associated gases are mainly used to identify the origin of hydrogen. However, due to the complex and diverse sources of hydrogen and its active chemical properties, it is still unable to identify the origin of hydrogen systematically and accurately. Due to the extensive genesis of hydrogen, natural gas with different hydrogen concentrations has been found in different geological conditions around the world, and the hydrogen content varies greatly (0.1%-99%). Hydrogen can participate in hydrocarbon generation in Fischer Tropsch synthesis as a reducing agent, and also can be used as a hydrogen source to improve the hydrocarbon yield during the thermal evolution of organic matter. Therefore, the existence of hydrogen may extend the lower limit of deep gas exploration and development. Based on the systematic summary of the genetic mechanism and distribution of hydrogen, this paper discusses the energy significance of hydrogen in natural gas, and provides a reference for the future research on hydrogen rich natural gas resources.
    Language: Chinese
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-06-14
    Description: The Changning MS6.0 earthquake and its moderate to strong aftershocks, which occurred in the axial area of Changning anticline, exhibit different features with the moderate to strong earthquakes that occurred in the southern syncline area nearby, although these two areas are only a dozen kilometers away. Whether this difference is only caused by different fault structures, or caused by local change is still a matter of debate. In order to answer this question, basing on the correction of small earthquake location and seismic velocity structure through double-difference tomography inversion, this paper determined the fine structure of the crustal stress field by using comprehensive focal mechanism solutions, and analyzed its mechanical consistency with the focal mechanism solutions of moderate to strong earthquakes. It is found that for the different subareas of Changning area, the maximum principal stress remains horizontal, and its azimuth remains almost East-West oriented although it has a small clockwise rotation from north to south; meanwhile, the stress regime exhibit a significant local change, which is thrust stress regime for the axial area of Changning anticline, against strike-slip stress regime for the southern syncline area. The stress fields in these two subareas highly accord with the focal mechanism solutions of moderate to strong earthquakes in the corresponding area, but poorly accord with, or even contradict that in the non-corresponding area, which indicates that the local stress change of stress field is the necessary mechanical basis for the complex seismicity behavior in Changning area. Additional rock mechanics analysis points out that lateral difference of Poisson's ratio of rock is probably the main cause of this local change of stress field. This paper also discusses the seismogenic fault structure of Changning MS6.0 earthquake sequence, and suggests the activation of the basement fault(s) in the depth range of 6 to 9 km in the axial area of Changning anticline driven by regional stress field is the potential cause of the occurrence of Changning MS6.0 earthquake sequence.
    Language: Chinese
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: Japanese
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 7
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: Japanese
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 8
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2021-04-20
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: Japanese
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 9
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2021-04-20
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: Japanese
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 10
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2020-10-13
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: Japanese
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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