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  • Books  (165)
  • P1-1091  (125)
  • Q1-390
  • De Gruyter  (127)
  • IRD Éditions  (32)
  • Open Book Publishers  (6)
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  • Books  (165)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In this bold and original study, Jeff Kochan constructively combines the sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK) with Martin Heidegger’s early existential conception of science. Kochan shows convincingly that these apparently quite different approaches to science are, in fact, largely compatible, even mutually reinforcing. By combining Heidegger with SSK, Kochan argues, we can explicate, elaborate, and empirically ground Heidegger’s philosophy of science in a way that makes it more accessible and useful for social scientists and historians of science. Likewise, incorporating Heideggerian phenomenology into SSK renders SKK a more robust and attractive methodology for use by scholars in the interdisciplinary field of Science and Technology Studies (STS). Kochan’s ground-breaking reinterpretation of Heidegger also enables STS scholars to sustain a principled analytical focus on scientific subjectivity, without running afoul of the orthodox subject-object distinction they often reject. Science as Social Existence is the first book of its kind, unfurling its argument through a range of topics relevant to contemporary STS research. These include the epistemology and metaphysics of scientific practice, as well as the methods of explanation appropriate to social scientific and historical studies of science. Science as Social Existence puts concentrated emphasis on the compatibility of Heidegger’s existential conception of science with the historical sociology of scientific knowledge, pursuing this combination at both macro- and micro-historical levels. Beautifully written and accessible, Science as Social Existence puts new and powerful tools into the hands of sociologists and historians of science, cultural theorists of science, Heidegger scholars, and pluralist philosophers of science.
    Keywords: B1-5802 ; H1-99 ; Q1-390 ; Science and Technology Studies ; existential conception of science ; philosophy of science ; sociology of scientific knowledge ; Martin Heidegger ; social science ; history of science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Cet ouvrage est le fruit de l’une des premières « expertises collégiales » coordonnées par l’Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD). Il fait le bilan des connaissances sur la présence, préoccupante, du mercure en Amazonie, sur ses effets sur l’environnement et la santé. Il se conclut par un certain nombre de recommandations opérationnelles. Il existe deux modes spécifiques de contamination humaine par le mercure : l’exposition des travailleurs de l’or (orpailleurs ou raffineurs) aux vapeurs de mercure dégagées lors des opérations d’enrichissement du minerai aurifère et de purification des lingots ; l’exposition de la population à un dérivé du mercure, le méthylmercure, principalement par la consommation de poissons eux-mêmes contaminés. Le premier mode, direct, de contamination peut entraîner des troubles de la santé du fait d’expositions prolongées et répétées. Ceux-ci concernent les voies respiratoires, le système gastro-intestinal et le système nerveux central, ce dernier pouvant être l’objet d’altérations irréversibles. Le caractère souvent clandestin et précaire des activités d’orpaillage ne favorise pas l’usage de techniques qui éviteraient ou du moins réduiraient cette contamination. La seconde forme d’exposition est beaucoup plus difficile encore à maîtriser. La méthylation du mercure, issu de l’orpaillage mais aussi contenu dans les sols à l’état « naturel », relève d’activités bactériennes dans des milieux aquatiques privés d’oxygène et riches en matière organique. L’exportation du mercure est facilitée par la déforestation – les sols dénudés favorisent sa libération – et par l’aptitude de ce métal à se complexer aux fines suspensions argilo-organiques véhiculées par les eaux. La contamination des poissons est l’étape suivante de la chaîne de transfert vers l’homme : comme, pour beaucoup de populations amazoniennes, leur consommation représente la source essentielle de protéines, elle constitue un agent d’exposition quasi quotidienne au méthylmercure dans l’ensemble de l’Amazonie et non dans les seules régions d’orpaillage. Cette imprégnation continue entraîne essentiellement l’apparition, tant chez l’adulte que chez l’enfant, d’atteintes neurologiques sévères, plus graves encore chez le fœtus au moment de la formation des organes. À partir de ces constats, un certain nombre de recommandations sont avancées : la mise en place d’un observatoire amazonien de surveillance, la création d’une structure d’encadrement de l’orpaillage, l’usage généralisé d’équipements de protection contre les vapeurs de mercure, diverses mesures techniques destinées à réduire l’impact du mercure dans l’environnement, une meilleure diffusion de l’information de base sur les risques encourus, l’adoption d’habitudes alimentaires prévenant l’exposition régulière au méthylmercure, une amélioration des suivis sanitaires.
    Keywords: H1-99 ; Q1-390 ; mine ; Guyane française ; sédimentation lacustre ; or ; Amazonie ; exploitation du sous-sol ; mercure ; eau continentale ; Brésil ; contamination ; santé publique ; toxicité ; cycle biogéochimique ; groupe à risque (santé publique) ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: French
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: De la Corne de l’Afrique aux Grands Lacs, de l’Éthiopie au Mozambique, le Rift est-africain s’étend en une succession de dépressions, de hauts plateaux, de lacs et de volcans, le long d’une fracture majeure du continent africain. Tel un grand livre ouvert, le Rift s’offre comme un vaste laboratoire naturel permettant de retracer l’histoire de notre planète, de comprendre l’évolution de l’écorce terrestre, la formation des océans et des volcans. Le Rift est aussi le lieu de découvertes paléontologiques spectaculaires et l’un des plus grands conservatoires de fossiles du monde. Il représente un terrain privilégie pour reconstituer les faunes, les flores et les environnements passes. C’est un des berceaux de l’évolution des premiers hominides et, plus tard, le lieu d’apparition des caractères et comportements de l’homme moderne. Mais le Rift est-africain est également un terrain propice à l’exploration des relations entre l’homme et le milieu, à la reconstitution des temps anciens des sociétés humaines. Véritable sanctuaire de la diversité biologique africaine, le Rift est le lieu d’origine de nombreuses espèces et variétés végétales cultivées et de races animales domestiques, mais aussi une région ou l’histoire a engendré une étonnante palette de sociétés humaines, anciennes ou actuelles. Dans une perspective souvent originale, largement illustrée, 35 spécialistes nous font partager leurs découvertes et interrogations sur la singularité du Rift et, au-delà de tout déterminisme simpliste, sur l’environnement est-africain et les peuples qui y vivent.
    Keywords: H1-99 ; Q1-390 ; diversité spécifique ; écologie ; fossile humain ; évolution ; espèce endémique ; géologie ; Afrique de l’Est ; flore ; facteur anthropique ; tectonique ; faune ; formation végétale ; société rurale ; paléontologie ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: French
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This synchronic study presents a new onomasiological, frame-theoretical model for the description, classification and theoretical analysis of the cross-linguistic content category aspectuality. It deals specifically with those pieces of information, which, in their interplay, constitute the aspectual value of states of affairs. The focus is on Romance Languages, although the model can be applied just as well to other languages, in that it is underpinned by a principle grounded in a fundamental cognitive ability: the delimitation principle. Unlike traditional approaches, which generally have a semasiological orientation and strictly adhere to a semantic differentiation between grammatical aspect and lexical aspect (Aktionsart), this study makes no such differentiation and understands these as merely different formal realisations of one and the same content category: aspectuality.
    Keywords: P1-1091 ; Aspectuality ; Onomasiology ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: The uses and practices of sign languages are strongly related to scientific research on sign languages and vice versa. Conversely, sign linguistics cannot be separated from Deaf community practices, including practices in education and interpretation. Therefore, the current volume brings together work on sign language interpreting, the use of spoken and sign language with deaf children with cochlear implants and early language development in children exposed to both a spoken and sign language, and reports on recent research on aspects of sign language structure. It also includes papers addressing methodological issues in sign language research. The book presents papers by more seasoned researchers and new kids on the block, as well as papers in which the two collaborate. The contributions will be of interest to all those interested in linguistics, sociolinguistics, cultural studies, interpreting and education. It will have particular relevance to those interested in sign linguistics, sociolinguistics of deaf communities, Deaf studies, Deaf culture, sign language interpretation, sign language teaching, and (spoken/signed) bilingualism. Given the scarcity of literature on Deaf studies, the book will also appeal widely beyond the traditional academic milieu. As a result, it has relevance for those teaching and learning sign languages, for professional and student interpreters and for teachers of the deaf.
    Keywords: P1-1091 ; Sign Language Applied Linguistics Intercultural Communication ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: Do we have true access to reality or are we merely surrounded by our own constructions of reality? This classic question has been taken up again with great urgency in the sciences and by the media. The volume reflects on the current status of the controversy, presenting essays by renowned proponents from different disciplines.
    Keywords: P1-1091 ; Realism Constructivism ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics
    Language: German
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  • 7
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    De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Keywords: P1-1091 ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics
    Language: German
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This handbook introduces key elements of the philological research area called paremiology (the study of proverbs). It presents the main subject area as well as the current status of paremiological research. The basic notions, among others, include defining proverbs, main proverb features, origin, collecting and categorization of proverbs. Each chapter is written by a leading scholar-specialist in their area of proverbial research. Since the book represents a measured balance between the popular and scientific approach, it is recommended to a wide readership including experienced and budding scholars, students of linguistics, as well as other professionals interested in the study of proverbs.
    Keywords: P1-1091 ; applied linguistics ; literature ; folklore ; proverbs ; language ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This is a study in contrastive typology with reference to German and Chinese nouns and noun constructions. The comparison proceeds from the differences displayed by the two languages in connection with numeralization (combination of noun and numeral). In the framework of the apprehension dimension of the UNITYP approach, an attempt is first made to characterize the two languages as two different types, i.e. with numeral classification on the one hand as opposed to agreement in gender and number on the other. On this basis the numeratives and numerative constructions of the two languages are then described and compared from various perspectives. The numeratives are listed in relatively exhaustive catalogues and compared and contrasted in terms of word explanations and areas of use. The study is of interest for research into language typology and universals, as well as for practical language acquisition.
    Keywords: P1-1091 ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics
    Language: German
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  • 10
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    De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: The study focuses on the investigation of the process during which raters of EFL written performance make their decisions. It consists of a pilot and a main study, each of which concentrates on assessment of writing. The rationale is to detect the decision-making processes that raters follow, which can be used for training raters, and with which the reliability of rating can be improved. The pilot study is based on data collected during a large-scale language proficiency assessment of two age groups from learners of English and German languages. Raters were asked to think aloud during the rating task. Data was then transcribed and analysed. The participants in the main study were novice raters, who produced verbal protocols. 37 EFL teacher trainees took part in rater training and practised think-aloud protocol production. Then, they evaluated ten compositions written by EFL learners and verbalised their thought processes. The verbal protocols served as a basis for data collection. The analysis of data resulted in the conclusion according to which more reliable and objective assessment is possible when evaluating written performance.
    Keywords: P1-1091 ; EFL written performance ; language performance ; Testing ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics
    Language: English
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