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  • Rat  (826)
  • phosphorus  (681)
  • Springer  (1,507)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 32 (1993), S. 71-73 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Rat ; glutamate-induced obesity ; postprandial thermogenesis ; Ratte ; Glutamat-induzierte Adipositas ; postprandiale Thermogenese
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 4 Monate alten Ratten mit Glutamat-induzierter Adipositas wurde die postprandiale Thermogenese über 8 h nach Fütterung von 300, 450 und 600 kJ/kg0,75 einer Pellet-Diät mittels indirekter Kalorimetrie in computergesteuerten Stoffwechselkäfigen mit offenem Kreislauf bestimmt. Bei den adipösen Tieren war die postprandiale Thermogenese nach Aufnahme von 600 kJ/kg0,75 (oberhalb des Energieerhaltungsbedarfs) signifikant auf 40% der Thermogenese der Kontrolltiere reduziert (12,0 gegenüber 31,5 kJ/kg0,75×8 h). Es wird geschlußfolgert, daß die Ratte mit Glutamat-induzierter Adipositas als ein Tiermodell mit beeinträchtigter fakultativer Thermogenese anzusehen ist, die hauptsächlich durch eine Verminderung der sympathischen adrenergen Aktivität verursacht ist.
    Notes: Summary Postprandial thermogenesis was estimated in 4-month-old male rats with glutamate induced obesity after being fed with 300, 450 and 600 kJ/kg0.75 of a pellet diet, respectively by indirect calorimetry in computer-controlled open circuit metabolic cages over 8 h. After an intake of 600 kJ/kg0.75 (above the maintenance energy requirement) postprandial thermogenesis was significantly reduced in the obese animals to about 40% of control rats (12.0 versus 31.5 kJ/kg0.75×8 h). It is concluded that the glutamate obese rat can be accepted as an animal model with impaired facultative thermogenesis, mainly caused by a reduction of sympathetic adrenergic activity.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Brain tumour ; Rat ; Detection ; Fluorescence ; Laser ; Haematoporphyrin derivative
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Laser-induced fluorescence has been used for the identification of brain tumours in rats, which have been previously given tumour-seeking haematoporphyrin derivative. A pulsed nitrogen laser (λ=337 nm) was used in conjunction with an optical multichannel analyzer. For both inoculated RG-2 and TCVC rat-brain-tumour models, the blue autofluorescence was strongly reduced in the tumour compared with normal brain tissue, and at the same time the characteristic red-drug signal increased. The contrast between tumour and normal tissue was strongly enhanced by forming the ratio between the two signals. Implications for possible improvement of tumour delineation in brain tumour surgery are discussed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 1171-1176 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: alloys ; cyclic voltammetry ; electrodeposition ; electroless deposition ; nickel ; phosphorus ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Electroless Ni–Zn–P alloy deposition from a sulphate bath, containing sodium hypophosphite as reducer, was investigated. To increase the plating rate, the deposition parameters were optimized. The effect of process parameters (T, pH and [Zn2+]) on the plating rate and deposit composition was examined and it was found that the presence of zinc in the bath has an inhibitory effect on the alloy deposition. As a consequence, the percentage of zinc in the electroless Ni–Zn–P alloys never reaches high values. Using cyclic voltammetry the electrodeposition mechanism of Ni–Zn–P alloys was investigated. It was observed that the zinc deposition inhibits the nickel discharge and, as a consequence, its catalytic activity on hypophosphite oxidation. It was also found that increase in temperature or pH leads to the deposition of nickel rich alloys.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Octahedral ; phosphorus ; chloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound [P(tpp)Cl2]+Cl− crystallizes in the space group P21/n witha=10.701(2),b=24.860(2),c=14.799(2), β=94.24(2)°,Z=4. The phosphorus atom has an octahedral coordination geometry formed by the four nitrogen atoms (Np) of the porphyrinato group and the two chloride ions. The average phosphorus-chloride distance is 2.150(1) Å, with phosphorus situated 0.006 Å below the porphyrin ring.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 27 (1997), S. 1198-1206 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: alloy ; amorphous ; anomalous ; hydrogen ; iron ; nickel ; phosphorus ; plating
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this study we have investigated the electrodeposition of amorphous iron–nickel–phosphorus alloys from a sulfate electrolyte. Fe-Ni alloys are known to exhibit an ’anomalous‘ type of plating behaviour in which deposition of the less noble metal is favoured. We have found that the codeposition of phosphorus from hypophosphite in the electrolyte led to a reversal to a ’normal‘ behaviour. This reversal was due both to the suppression of iron and enhancement of nickel partial currents. The overall deposition process is dominated by the hydrogen evolution reaction. This is exacerbated by the low pH needed to codeposit sufficient phosphorus to achieve an amorphous structure.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: alloys ; electroless ; microstructure ; morphology ; nickel ; phosphorus ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Electroless Ni–Zn–P alloy coatings were obtained on an iron substrate from a sulfate bath at various pH values. The effects of changes in bath pH on alloy composition, morphology, microstructure and corrosion resistance were studied. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to observe the morphological change of the deposits with bath pH. Coating crystallinity was investigated by grazing incidence asymmetric Bragg X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. A transition from an amorphous to polycrystalline structure was observed on increasing the bath alkalinity, and thus decreasing the phosphorus content of the alloys. A single crystalline phase corresponding to face-centred-cubic nickel was identified in the alloys obtained from a strong alkaline solution. An increase in zinc percentage up to 23% in the deposits does not change the f.c.c. nickel crystalline structure. Corrosion potential and polarization resistance measurements indicated that the corrosion resistance of electroless Ni–Zn–P alloys depends strongly on the microstructure and chemical composition. The deposits obtained at pH 9.0–9.5 and with 11.4–12.5% zinc and 11.8–11.2% phosphorous exhibited the best corrosion resistance.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: selective catalytic reduction ; nitric oxide reduction ; phosphorus ; acid property
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract To examine the influence of phosphorus on the commercial V2O5(WO3)/TiO2 SCR catalyst, measurements were carried out by means of infrared and Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and NO reduction measurement as a function of phosphorus loading. Phosphorus added to the catalyst was found to disperse well over the catalyst without a significant agglomeration up to 5 wt% P2O5 addition. The number of the hydroxyl groups bonded to the vanadium and titanium species decreased readily with increasing amount of phosphorus. Correspondingly, the hydroxyl groups bonded to the phosphorus species were formed. NH3 adsorbed on both hydroxyl groups bonded to vanadium and phosphorus as ammonium ions, implying that the P–OH groups formed are also responsible for the Brønsted acidity. The NO reduction activity was found to be decreased with increasing amount of phosphorus; however, the influence of phosphorus was relatively small irrespective of the large amount of phosphorus addition. The deactivation might be caused by the change in the nature of the surface hydroxyl groups as Brønsted acid sites. Phosphorus species might partially wrap the surface V=O and W=O groups, which might also contribute to the deactivation.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 53 (1991), S. 263-272 
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Lake ecosystem ; chl-a ; phosphorus ; nitrogen ; river flow ; thermocline ; simulation model ; multiple regression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The management variables which primarily affect phytoplankton biomass (as chl-a) in Lake Mjøsa, Norway, are total phosphorus loading (TP) and the timing and volume of water through flow (by active storage reservoirs). The response of the lake to changes in these factors is studied using a simulation model of the lake ecosystem. Chl-a responses from both observed data and the simulated results are extracted by multiple regression. Results show that decreasing TP load decreases chl-a, but less at low TP levels (〈 10 mg TP · m−3). There is also a certain time period for peak river flow which gives the least yield of chl-a per unit TP. This time period occurs in early summer (i.e., around June 10) if the total phosphorus load is low, and later if the load is high. Both observations and simulation results show that a high water flow increases chl-a at low epilimnion depths (〈 15 m), but that the same high water flow decreases chl-a when epilmnion is deep.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1004-1006 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Rat ; adrenocortical responsiveness ; ACTH ; plasma ; corticosterone ; plasma ; corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the course of studying the plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone responses to synthetic corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), we noted some disparity in the responses. A higher dose (20 μg compared with 5 μg per rat i.a.) produced an equal plasma ACTH but greater plasma corticosterone response in adult male rats. Thus, we examined the possibility that CRF increases adrenocortical responsiveness to ACTH. CRF significantly (p〈0.0005) increased the plasma corticosterone response to ACTH in rats pretreated with dexamethasone. Thus, synthetic CRF increases corticosterone secretion in rats not only by stimulating ACTH secretion, but also by increasing the adrenocortical responsiveness to ACTH.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 265-266 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Rat ; hydrochlorothiazide ; pain threshold ; antinociceptive activity ; analgesic activity ; morphine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hydrochlorothiazide, acutely injected in rats, has a weak analgesic activity per se and potentiates and prolongs the antinociceptive effect of morphine.
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