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  • Springer  (485,439)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 2015-2019  (485,622)
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  • 11
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    The 12.4 ka Upper Apoyeque Tephra, Nicaragua: stratigraphy, dispersal, composition, magma reservoir conditions and trigger of the plinian eruption (2016)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-08
    Description: Upper Apoyeque Tephra (UAq) was formed by a rhyodacitic plinian eruption in west-central Nicaragua at 12.4 ka BP. The fallout tephra was dispersed from a progressively rising plinian eruption column that became exposed to different wind speeds and directions at different heights in the stratosphere, leading to an asymmetric tephra fan with different facies in the western and southern sector. Tephra dispersal data integrated with geochemical compositions of lava flows in the area facilitate delimitation of the source vent to the south of Chiltepe Peninsula. UAq, Lower Apoyeque Tephra, Apoyeque Ignimbrite, and two lithic clasts in San Isidro Tephra together form a differentiation trend distinct from that of the younger tephras and lavas at Chiltepe Volcanic Complex in a TiO2 versus K2O diagram, compositionally precluding a genetic relationship of UAq with the present-day Apoyeque stratovolcano. Apoyeque Volcano in its present shape did not exist at the time of the UAq eruption. The surface expression of the UAq vent is now obscured by younger eruption products and lake water. Pressure-temperature constraints based on mineral-melt equilibria and fluid inclusions in plagioclase indicate at least two magma storage levels. Clinopyroxenes crystallised in a deep crustal reservoir at ~24 km depth as inferred from clinopyroxene-melt inclusion pairs. Chemical disequilibrium between clinopyroxenes and matrix glasses indicates rapid magma ascent to the shallower reservoir at ~5.4 km depth, where magnesiohornblendes and plagioclase fractionated at a temperature of ~830°C. Water concentrations were ~5.5 wt. % as derived from congruent results of amphibole and plagioclase-melt hygrometry. The eruption was triggered by injection of a hotter, more primitive melt into a water-supersaturated reservoir.
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  • 12
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    Ensemble global warming simulations with idealized Antarctic meltwater input (2019)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-27
    Description: The Earth will exhibit continued global surface warming in response to a sustained increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Massive meltwater input from the Antarctic ice sheet into the Southern Ocean could be one consequence of this warming. Here we investigate the impacts which this meltwater input may have on Earth’s surface climate and ocean circulation in a warming world. To this end a set of ensemble experiments has been conducted with a global climate model forced by increasing atmospheric CO2-concentration and an idealized Antarctic meltwater input to the Southern Ocean with varying amplitude and spatial pattern. As long as the atmospheric CO2-concentration stays moderate, i.e. below approximately twice the preindustrial concentration, and if a strong meltwater forcing of either 0.05 or 0.1 Sv is applied, enhanced Antarctic sea–ice cover and surface air temperature cooling over most parts of the Southern Ocean is observed. When the atmospheric CO2-concentration becomes larger than twice the preindustrial concentration, the meltwater only plays a minor role. The Antarctic meltwater drives significant slowing of the Southern Ocean meridional overturning circulation (MOC). Again, the meltwater influence only is detectable as long as the CO2-forcing is moderate. Much larger MOC changes develop in response to highly elevated atmospheric CO2-levels independent of whether or not a meltwater forcing is applied. The response of the Antarctic circumpolar current (ACC) is nonlinear. Substantial and persistent ACC slowing is simulated when solely the meltwater forcing of 0.1 Sv is applied, which is due to the halt of Weddell Sea deep convection and subsequent collapse of the Southern Ocean MOC. When the increasing atmospheric CO2-concentration additionally drives the model the ACC partly recovers in the long run. The partial recovery is due to strengthening westerly wind stress over the Southern Ocean, which intensifies the Ekman Cell. This study suggests that Southern Hemisphere climate projections for the twenty-first century could benefit from incorporating interactive Antarctic ice sheet.
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  • 13
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    Massive nitrous oxide emissions from the tropical South Pacific Ocean (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publication Date: 2023-09-19
    Description: Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas and a key compound in stratospheric ozone depletion. In the ocean, nitrous oxide is produced at intermediate depths through nitrification and denitrification, in particular at low oxygen concentrations. Although a third of natural emissions of nitrous oxide to the atmosphere originate from the ocean, considerable uncertainties in the distribution and magnitude of the emissions still exist. Here we present high-resolution surface measurements and vertical profiles of nitrous oxide that include the highest reported nitrous oxide concentrations in marine surface waters, suggesting that there is a hotspot of nitrous oxide emissions in high-productivity upwelling ecosystems along the Peruvian coast. We estimate that off Peru, the extremely high nitrous oxide supersaturations we observed drive a massive efflux of 0.2–0.9 Tg of nitrogen emitted as nitrous oxide per year, equivalent to 5–22% of previous estimates of global marine nitrous oxide emissions. Nutrient and gene abundance data suggest that coupled nitrification–denitrification in the upper oxygen minimum zone and transport of resulting nitrous oxide to the surface by upwelling lead to the high nitrous oxide concentrations. Our estimate of nitrous oxide emissions from the Peruvian coast surpasses values from similar, highly productive areas.
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  • 14
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    Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin (2015)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2023-08-15
    Description: This book is an update of the first BACC assessment, published in 2008. It offers new and updated scientific findings in regional climate research for the Baltic Sea basin. These include climate changes since the last glaciation (approx. 12,000 years ago), changes in the recent past (the last 200 years), climate projections up until 2100 using state-of-the-art regional climate models and an assessment of climate-change impacts on terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. There are dedicated new chapters on sea-level rise, coastal erosion and impacts on urban areas. A new set of chapters deals with possible causes of regional climate change along with the global effects of increased greenhouse gas concentrations, namely atmospheric aerosols and land-cover change. The evidence collected and presented in this book shows that the regional climate has already started to change and this is expected to continue. Projections of potential future climates show that the region will probably become considerably warmer and wetter in some parts, but dryer in others. Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have already shown adjustments to increased temperatures and are expected to undergo further changes in the near future. The BACC II Author Team consists of 141 scientists from 12 countries, covering various disciplines related to climate research and related impacts. BACC II is a project of the Baltic Earth research network and contributes to the World Climate Research Programme.
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  • 15
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    Sustainable Risk Management (2018)
    Springer
    In:  Strategies for Sustainability
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    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Here, expert authors delineate approaches that can support both decision makers as well as their concerned populations in overcoming unwarranted fears and in elaborating policies based on scientific evidence. Four exemplary focus areas were chosen for in-depth review, namely: - The scientific basis of risk management - Risk management in the area of environmental and ecological policy - Risk management in radiation medicine - Risk management in context with digitalization and robotics General as well as specific recommendations are summarized in a memorandum. Fundamental thoughts on the topic are presented in the introductory part of the book. The idea for and contents of the book were developed at a workshop on “Sustainable Risk Management: How to manage risks in a sensible and responsible manner?” held in Feldafing at Lake Starnberg (Germany) on April 14 to 16, 2016. The book offers important information and advice for scientists, entrepreneurs, administrators and politicians.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 16
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    Internationale Politik und Governance in der Arktis: Eine Einführung (2018)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: Front Matter Pages I-XVII Einleitung Kathrin Stephen, Sebastian Knecht, Golo M. Bartsch Pages 1-18 Akteure innerhalb und außerhalb der Region Kathrin Stephen, Sebastian Knecht, Golo M. Bartsch Pages 19-43 Institutionen und Governance-Strukturen Kathrin Stephen, Sebastian Knecht, Golo M. Bartsch Pages 45-66 Wissenschaftliche Zugänge: Die Arktis im Fokus der Internationalen Beziehungen Kathrin Stephen, Sebastian Knecht, Golo M. Bartsch Pages 67-121 Empirische Beispiele Kathrin Stephen, Sebastian Knecht, Golo M. Bartsch Pages 123-170 Schlussbetrachtung Kathrin Stephen, Sebastian Knecht, Golo M. Bartsch Pages 171-173 Back Matter Pages 175-181
    Language: German
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  • 17
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    Co-Designing Economies in Transition: Radical Approaches in Dialogue with Contemplative Social Sciences (2018)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-18
    Description: This transdisciplinary volume puts forward proposals for wiser, socially just and sustainable socio-economic systems in transition. There is growing support for the view that the end of capitalism is around the corner, but on which conceptual and ethical basis can we interpret these times? With investigations into feminist economics, post-growth environmentalism, socio-technical digital design, collaborative and commons economics, the editors create a dialogue between radical knowledge/practices and contemplative social sciences to transgress disciplinary boundaries and implement new visions of reality. This important book challenges our ways of thinking and outlines a pathway for new research.
    Description: Introduction Giorgino, Vincenzo Mario Bruno (et al.) Seiten 1-11 In Search of a New Compass in the Great Transition: Toward Co-designing the Urban Space We Care About Giorgino, Vincenzo Mario Bruno Seiten 15-41 Navigating the Great Transition Via Post-capitalism and Contemplative Social Sciences Walsh, Zack Seiten 43-61 Having, Being, and the Commons Mattei, Ugo Seiten 63-71 Par Cum Pari: Notes on the Horizontality of Peer-to-Peer Relationships in the Context of the Verticality of a Hierarchy of Values Bauwens, Michel Seiten 73-88 Economics Beyond the Self Zsolnai, Laszlo Seiten 89-97 The Koan of the Market Nelson, Julie A. Seiten 99-107 Epistemology of Feminist Economics Łapniewska, Zofia Seiten 109-133 How to Make What Really Matters Count in Economic Decision-Making: Care, Domestic Violence, Gender-Responsive Budgeting, Macroeconomic Policies and Human Rights Bjørnholt, Margunn Seiten 135-159 Contemplative Economy and Contemplative Economics: Definitions, Branches and Methodologies Renteria-Uriarte, Xabier Seiten 161-187 From Smart Cities to Experimental Cities? Calzada, Igor Seiten 191-217 FirstLife: From Maps to Social Networks and Back Antonini, Alessio (et al.) Seiten 219-233 The Organic Internet: Building Communications Networks from the Grassroots Antoniadis, Panayotis Seiten 235-272 Technocratic Automation and Contemplative Overlays in Artificially Intelligent Criminal Sentencing Butler, Philip Seiten 273-296 One Bright Byte: Dōgen and the Re-embodiment of Digital Technologies Casacuberta, David Seiten 297-315
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 18
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    Marine Anthropogenic Litter (2015)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Berlin, Springer, 447 p., ISBN: 978-3-319-16510-3
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: This book describes how manmade litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological impacts, dedicated research activities, and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem. They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and the broader public.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Book , peerRev
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  • 19
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    Impact of Sea-Ice Bottom Topography on the Ekman Pumping (2015)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Towards an Interdisciplinary Approach in Earth System Science, (Springer Earth System Sciences), Heidelberg [u.a.], Springer, Toward, 251 p., pp. 139-148, ISBN: 978-3-319-13865-7
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: Sea-ice elevation profiles and thickness measurements have been collected during summer 2011 in the Central Arctic. These two different data sets have been combined in order to obtain surface and bottom topography of the sea-ice. From the bottom profile, the keels of ridges are detected. Then, a parameterization of oceanic drag coefficients that accounts for the keels depth and density is applied. The calculated oceanic drag coefficients are highly variable (between about 2 × 10−3 and about 8 × 10−3) within the range of observed values. In order to estimate the contribution of variable drag coefficients on the Ekman pumping, the calculated drag coefficients are used in an idealized model experiment, where sea ice is drifting at constant velocity on an ocean at rest. The resulting variations of the Ekman vertical velocity are in the same order of magnitude as for variable ice velocity at the surface. In most state-of-the-art general circulation models, the variations of drag coefficients are not taken into account. The simple experiment carried out in the present study suggests that neglecting this contribution can lead to an incorrect representation of the momentum exchange between ice and ocean and to an underestimation of the Ekman pumping, with consequences for the large scale ocean circulation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 20
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    Earth System Science—Past Experiences and Future Trends (2015)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Towards an Interdisciplinary Approach in Earth System Science, Earth System Science—Past Experiences and Future Trends, Heidelberg, Springer, pp. 3-7, ISBN: 978-3-319-13864-0, ISSN: 2197-9596
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: Earth System Science has developed over the last two decades from an interesting concept in Earth sciences education to a fully integrative science focussed on understanding the complex system Earth. This evolution is partially due to the radical and far reaching anthropogenic changes and the general feeling of helplessness with regards to the possible consequences and future impacts on the Earth System. This paper proposes that a paradigm shift in undergraduate and graduate education is needed to further develop Earth System Science. Graduate programs such as the Earth System Science Research School (ESSReS), which are intrinsically trans- and interdisciplinary will help to change rigid subject specific mind-set among faculty and students. The health and sustainability of our planet is at stake
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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