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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Urban air pollution remains a challenge in European cities, despite decades of improvement, especially with respect to recent updates to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) air quality guidelines in 2021. At the same time, a new generation of small sensors for air pollution measurement have opened up new avenues for understanding air pollution in cities. In this study, we use Plantower PMS 5003 sensors to measure PM2.5 alongside three local traffic policies implemented in 2020 and 2021. These measures include a new bike-lane and a temporary community space, as well as the creation of a pedestrian zone through the closure of a street to through-traffic. The measurement campaign used the sensors in both mobile and stationary deployments, utilizing their small size and lower cost to increase spatial and temporal resolution measurements. We calibrate the Plantower sensors using Schmitz et al.’s (2021) methodology and test three different models: multiple linear regression (MLR), gradient-boosting machines (GBM), and support vector machines (SVM). Results show that sensors are useful for measuring PM2.5. We also find no significant effect of any of the local transport policies on local concentrations of PM2.5, despite previous studies of these policies showing reductions in local NO2 concentrations. This indicates that larger-scale policies tackling urban and regional emissions of PM will be needed to improve PM concentrations and meet WHO standards.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Key message: A decolonial approach is needed to fulfil IASC’s commitment to recognizing that Traditional Knowledge, Indigenous Knowledge and academic scientific knowledge are co-equal and complementary knowledge systems that all can and should inform its work (website ICARP IV, retrieved October 2023). This document summarizes key recommendations for actions regarding five themes: 1. Indigenous Peoples’ right to self-determination as a prerequisite for high-quality Arctic research 2. Ethics, methods and methodology as key for decolonial research 3. Indigenous-led research in design and practice 4. Indigenous Peoples’ co-equal participation in Arctic research funding structures and decision-making for securing decolonial Arctic research in practice 5. Funding for Co-Creative and Indigenous-Led Arctic Research
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Local policies are part of the toolbox available to decision makers to improve air quality but their effectiveness is underevaluated and underreported. We evaluate the impact of the pedestrianization of a street in the city centre of Berlin on the local air pollution. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was measured on the street where the policy was implemented and on two parallel streets using low-cost sensor systems supported by periodic calibrations against reference-grade instruments and constrained by passive samplers. Further measurements of NO2 were conducted with a reference-grade instrument mounted on a mobile platform. The concentrations were evaluated against the urban background (UB) to isolate the policy-related signal from natural fluctuations, long-term trends and the COVID-19 lockdown. Our analysis shows that the most likely result of the intervention is a reduced NO2 concentrations to the level of the UB on weekdays for the pedestrian zone. Kerbside NO2 concentrations exhibited substantial differences to the concentrations measured at lampposts highlighting the difficulty for such measurements to capture personal exposure. The results have implications for policy, showing that an intervention on the local traffic patterns can possibly be effective in improving local air quality.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 14
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    In:  The Interplay of Civic Engagement and Institutionalised Politics: Palgrave Studies in Third Sector Research
    Publication Date: 2024-07-08
    Description: Political science and the public know what has gone wrong with liberal democracy and continues to go wrong, but what can be done to counter this trend? What can slow down the de-democratisation, what can reverse the development that has been observed ever more urgently since shortly after the turn of the millennium? As one instrument the chapter discusses citizens’ councils, which have been field-tested in many places in recent years and whose strengths and shortcomings can now be evaluated. We will give an insight into the theoretical foundations of deliberative and participative democratic innovations focusing more closely on citizen assemblies with an exemplary evaluation of France’s climate assembly, the Convention Citoyenne pour le Climat (CCC), a rather elaborate one of citizen participation, associated with a wide public attention and accompanied by an intense scientific and intellectual debate in France. The CCC has been, in terms of political activation and discourse, successful, whereas in terms of its general policy impact and structural changes of French society and politics, it has not been a full success story. Instead of promoting a positive French exception to the conventional antagonism of etatism and street protest, this experiment perished in 2022/23.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2024-07-03
    Description: This focus article traces the evolution of the voluntary carbon market (VCM), putting emphasis on the more recent developments following the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015. It focuses on the interplay between the privately governed VCM and the global climate regime under the United Nations (UN). For years, the VCM and the UN carbon market operated in parallel and mutually influenced each other. The adoption of the Paris Agreement, however, marked a turning point for the VCM. It triggered the proliferation of net zero targets, sparking the interest in the VCM as a supplier of carbon credits to offset companies' remaining emissions. At the same time, the global scope and ambitious targets set by the agreement have put the future of the VCM in limbo, raising concerns about double claiming and more generally, questioning the adequacy of offsetting. Considering these challenges, numerous stakeholders have started a process to redefine the rules of the market to ensure its credibility and legitimacy. While some areas of convergence were identified, the VCM's private governance has long been unable to address the question of how to deal with double claiming and the claims companies should be allowed to make. In this situation, signals from international policy and regulation under national policy point the way forward for the VCM. By moving from offsetting toward a contribution claim model, the VCM may overcome its "identity crisis" and find a new place within the broader climate change regime.
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2024-07-03
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2024-07-03
    Description: In this perspective paper, we propose to integrate the concepts of Mobility-as-a-Feature (MaaF, an extension of MaaS) and the 15-minute city (15mC). The 15mC concept maintains that daily necessities and services, such as shopping, healthcare, and leisure should be accessible without private cars within 15 minute. In line with MaaF, these services could be integrated with a variety of mobility options into a single app. This novel approach is poised to offer a seamless customer experience, better resource utilization, enhanced urban mobility, improved and more inclusive access to services, and greater community connectivity. We call them local super apps: a new model to drive equitable and sustainable urban transitions. We substantiate this preliminary idea with evidence from literature, practical applications, and a user survey (N = 1,019), while also discussing future research avenues to further develop the concept of local super apps.
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2024-07-03
    Description: The implementation of the circular economy is crucial to combat climate change especially in energy- and carbon-intensive sectors like the steel industry. It requires the environmental assessment of circular interventions to steel products to ensure that they are in line with targets of the circular economy - increase of resource efficiency and sustainability. Based on previous case studies and established methodologies, an environmental assessment framework is suggested and applied. It comprises a Material Flow Analysis to quantify selected mass-based indicators to evaluate the parameters of circular economy, as well as a Life Cycle Assessment to quantify the difference of the environmental impact. The application to a case study in the metalworking industries shows that the implementation of repurposing to a machining knife and hand tools contributes to all circular economy strategies - narrowing, slowing, and closing. At first, however, the circular intervention did not lead to a reduction of the environmental impact. It was found that the optimization of share of secondary material, energy mix, grinding, and transportation can lower the environmental impact of the circular compared to the conventional product system. Considering the increased product functionality, the environmental performance of the circular product system is superior. The study shows the importance of integrating assessment methods covering the resource level and environmental sustainability since focusing only on the resource efficiency can be misleading. At the same time, it stresses the need to apply environmental assessments in the product development stage to design environmentally sustainable and resource-efficient product systems.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 19
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    In:  Rock Mechanics for Natural Resources and Infrastructure Development - Full Papers : Proceedings of the 14th International Congress on Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering (ISRM 2019), September 13-18, 2019, Foz Do Iguassu, Brazil | Proceedings in Earth and geosciences ; 6
    Publication Date: 2024-07-02
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2024-07-02
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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