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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The complexity of the crust from refraction/wide-angle reflection data (1990)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 132 (1990), S. 269-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Complexity ; scattering ; crust ; refraction ; wide-angle reflection ; coda
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract ThePmP wide-angle reflected signal from the Moho shows a wide variation in its characteristics when cornpared from region to region. If the earth's crust is simple and homogeneous and the Moho is a sharp discontinuity, supercriticalPmP wavelets are large and isolated in the 100 km to 300 km distance range when compared to the preceding signals on the seismic traces. If the crust itself has numerous short reflectors and the Moho transition zone is thick or badly disrupted from past tectonic disturbances, thenPmP is often poorly defined and difficult to identify in the coda of earlier arriving signals. These signals are poorly correlated because the reflectors themselves are in general not only discontinuous but tend to be distributed at various depths within the crust. The effect of the vertical velocity gradient in the crust is to make the reflective field for downgoing waves much greater than for upgoing waves. The large variations in reflection coefficients wiht angle of incidence has the effect of making the coda generated by a reflective machanism distance dependent. The reflected signals are also contaminated with scattered signals from smaller scale heterogeneities which may be distributed more uniformly within the crust. In conventional seismic inversion methods applied to crustal refraction experiments, emphasis is usually placed on obtaining a velocity model of the subsurface structure. These models are relatively simple and are limited in the amount of complexity which can be uniquely inferred from the data. The main problem arises because of the difficulties in the identification of the origin of the signals which are themselves often incoherent from trace to trace. In this paper it is shown how the conventional record section may be complemented with a normal moveout corrected intensity section which emphasizes areas of large signal complexities. Data from this intensity section is then used as input to obtain a quantitative measurement of a complexity parameter. These measurements may be used to infer or compare differences in crustal heterogeneity from one region to another. The discussion is illustrated with both numerical modeling data as well as data from recent crustal experiments which were conducted over the Canadian Shield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874366
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extension of Gatlin's Informational Divergence to Markovian Stochastic Processes (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of biological physics 23 (1997), S. 101-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0689
    Keywords: Complexity ; Informational divergence ; Redundancy ; Path entropy ; Stochastic processes.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the information theoretic framework, to some extent, the complexity ofa system can be measured by its informational divergence which is thedifference between the maximum possible value of its entropy and theactual value of the latter. In her analysis of the DNA chain, Gatlinput in evidence two different divergences. One which drops the mutualdependences between the bases (A, C, G, T) and the other one whichexplicitly refers to this dependence via conditional entropies, and thus,provides a measure of the structural complexity of the system. One showshow the explicit form of this structural divergence can be obtained fordiscrete and continuous Markovian stochastic processes, and in the lattercase, as expected, this divergence is invariant under a transformation ofvariables.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004932712919
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the phase space approach to complexity (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 69 (1992), S. 411-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Complexity ; phase space ; entropy ; signals ; probability distribution ; coarse graining ; reduction formula ; characteristic function ; Gaussian distribution ; power law noise ; variational principle ; 1/f noise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We elaborate in some detail on a new phase space approach to complexity, due to Y.-C. Zhang. We show in particular that the connection between maximal complexity and power law noise or correlations can be derived from a simple variational principle. For a 1D signal we find 1/f noise, in accordance with Zhang.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01053799
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  • 4
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    Non-Equilibrium Social Science and Policy : Introduction and Essays on New and Changing Paradigms in Socio-Economic Thinking (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Physics ; Complexity, Computational ; Economic theory ; Social sciences ; Physics ; Data-driven Science, Modeling and Theory Building ; Methodology of the Social Sciences ; Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods ; Operations Research/Decision Theory ; Complexity ; Computational Social Sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Non-Equilibrium Social Science & Policy --- Economics --- Social Psychology and Narrative Economy --- Sociology and Non-Equilibrium Social Science --- Geography far from Equilibrium --- Cities in Disequilibrium --- The Evolutionary Theory of Globalization --- Systems, Networks, and Policy --- Towards a Complexity-Friendly Policy: breaking the vicious circle of equilibrium thinking in economic and public policy --- The Information Economy --- Complexity Science & the Art of Policy Making --- The Complexity of Government --- The Room Around the Elephant: Tackling Context-Dependency in the Social Sciences --- Global Systems Science and Policy --- Index.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 232 pages)
    ISBN: 9783319424248
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-42424-8
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Non-Equilibrium Social Science and Policy : Introduction and Essays on New and Changing Paradigms in Socio-Economic Thinking (2017)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Physics ; Complexity, Computational ; Economic theory ; Social sciences ; Physics ; Data-driven Science, Modeling and Theory Building ; Methodology of the Social Sciences ; Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods ; Operations Research/Decision Theory ; Complexity ; Computational Social Sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Non-Equilibrium Social Science & Policy --- Economics --- Social Psychology and Narrative Economy --- Sociology and Non-Equilibrium Social Science --- Geography far from Equilibrium --- Cities in Disequilibrium --- The Evolutionary Theory of Globalization --- Systems, Networks, and Policy --- Towards a Complexity-Friendly Policy: breaking the vicious circle of equilibrium thinking in economic and public policy --- The Information Economy --- Complexity Science & the Art of Policy Making --- The Complexity of Government --- The Room Around the Elephant: Tackling Context-Dependency in the Social Sciences --- Global Systems Science and Policy --- Index.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 232 pages)
    ISBN: 9783319424248
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-42424-8
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Unknown
    Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Modeling and Simulation, plus Econophysics Colloquium 2014 (2015)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Engineering ; Computer simulation ; Economic theory ; Data-driven Science, Modeling and Theory Building ; Complexity ; Simulation and Modeling ; Applications of Graph Theory and Complex Networks ; Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1 Financial Market --- Influence Networks in the Foreign Exchange Market --- Entropy and Transfer Entropy: The Dow Jones and the build up to the 1997 Asian Crisis --- Execution and Cancellation Lifetimes in Foreign Currency Market --- Signs of market orders and human dynamics --- Damped oscillatory behaviors in the ratios of stock market indices --- Exploring Market Making Strategy for High Frequency Trading: an Agent-based Approach --- Effect of Cancel Order on Simple Stochastic Order-Book Model --- Chapter 2 Robustness and Fragility --- Cascading failures in interdependent economic networks --- Do connections make systems robust?: a new scenario for the complexity-stability relation --- Simulation of Gross Domestic Product in International Trade Networks: Linear Gravity Transportation Model --- Analysis of Network Robustness for a Japanese Business Relation Network by Percolation Simulation.- Detectability threshold of the spectral method for graph partitioning.- Spread of Infectious Diseases with a Latent Period.-Chapter 3 Interaction and Distribution --- Geographic Dependency of Population Distribution- Spatiotemporal Analysis of Influenza Epidemics in Japan --- A Universal Lifetime Distribution for Multi-Species Systems --- Firm Age Distributions and the Decay Rate of Firm Activities --- Empirical Analysis of Firm-Dynamics on Japanese Inter-firm trade Network --- Direct participants’ behavior through the lens of transactional analysis: the case of SPEI --- Chapter 4 Traffic and Pedestrian --- Pedestrian Dynamics in Jamology --- Qualitative Methods of Validating Evacuation Behaviors --- Collective dynamics of pedestrians with no fixed destination --- Traffic Simulation of Kobe-city --- MOSAIIC: city-level agent-based traffic simulation adapted to emergency situations --- GUI for Agent Based Modeling --- Chapter 5 Social Media --- Emotional Changes in Japanese Blog Space Resulting from the 3.11 Earthquake --- Modeling of ENJYO via process of consensus formation on SNS --- A network structure of emotional interactions in an electronic bulletin board --- Scale-free network topologies with clustering similar to online social networks --- Identifying Colors of Products and Associated Personalized Recommendation Engine in e-Fashion Business
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 346 pages)
    ISBN: 9783319205915
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-20591-5
    Language: English
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