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  • 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.08. Instruments and techniques
  • 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring
  • 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
  • INGV  (7)
  • Public Library of Science  (2)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (2)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-06-08
    Description: Permeability of soils and rocks for gases is one of the main parameters for final radon risk classification of building sites. For the improvement of the method for radon risk classification it is recommended to complete in situ measurements of permeability and/or results derived from grain size analysis by an expert description of parameters of soils and rocks and their changes in vertical profile.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: permeability ; radon ; soil gas ; transfer factor ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Much of the population living in the Czech Republic is exposed to radiation from natural sources, especially to the radon effect. The aim of geological research defined by the State Office for Nuclear Safety (SONS) was to detect areas with estimated high radon concentration in soil gas. A uniform method of measurements and uniform methodology of radon risk category assessment of geological units and a centralized radon database was established. Radon risk classification was based on statistical evaluation of soil gas radon concentration and permeability in investigated geological units. Prognostic radon risk maps in various scales were the main outputs of this research. With the help of GIS tools spatial analyses were found a correlation between soil gas radon values in selected geological units and indoor measurements in dwellings. After verification of the efficiency of track etch detectors placed in dwellings with the help of prognostic maps 75% reliability of these maps was proven. This reliability of analyses induced the SONS to widely use radon risk maps to determine areas with predicted high radon risk category.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: radon-indoor-bedrock relationship ; radon mapping ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: High Resolution AeroMagnetic surveys (HRAM) are a novel tool experimented in several countries for volcano and earthquake hazard re-assessment, ground water exploration and mitigation, hazardous waste site characterization and accurate location of buried ferrous objects (drums, UXO, pipelines). The improvements achieved by HRAM stem from lower terrain clearance coupled with accurately positioned, real-time differential navigation on closely spaced flight grids. In field cultural noise filtering, advanced data processing, imaging and improved interpretation techniques enhance data information content. Development of HRAM approaches might also contribute to mitigate environmental hazards present throughout the Italian territory. Hence an HRAM field test was performed in July 2000 in Friuli, North-Eastern Italy to assess the capabilities and limitations of HRAM over a buried pipeline and a domestic waste site. A Cesium magnetometer in towed bird configuration was used on two separate grids. Profile line spacing was 50-100 m and bird nominal ground clearance was set to 50 m. Microlevelled total field magnetic anomaly data forms the basis for subsequent advanced processing products including 3D analytic signal, maximum horizontal gradient of pseudo-gravity and 3D Euler Deconvolution. The magnetic signatures we detected and enhanced over the environmental test site area in Friuli are also compared with similar but more extensive HRAM signatures recently observed in other countries.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: HRAM applications ; environmental hazards ; Italian test site ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Radon activity in the atmosphere and its behavior in the environment have been investigated using LR-115 nuclear track detector. The complex geological structure of Wzgórza Niemczansko-Strzelinskie (south-west Poland) enabled this problem to be studied in various geological conditions. The eU and eTh content in rocks and soil was measured by gamma-spectrometer GR-320. Uranium content of bedrock reached its maximum value of 15 ppm in the case of quartz-graphite schist. Thorium reached its maximum value of 35 ppm in the case of granodiorite. Radon activity was measured by means of long-term exposure of LR-115. The mean value of atmospheric radon activity was 21 Bqm-3 in the air 2 m above the ground surface. The highest radon activities were measured in the area of granite and quartz-graphite schist outcrops and in the area of mylonitic rocks of the Niemcza Zone. Radon activity in close to ground cup detectors varies from 25 to 300 Bqm-3, these values depend on uranium and thorium content in indirect ground basement (soil and weathered rocks). Not only uranium and thorium content but also rock disintegration due to tectonic events (shear zones) influenced atmospheric radon activity. Seasonal variation is not strong, although higher values were measured in the autumn- winter period.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: radon ; atmosphere ; uranium ; thorium ; rock ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The detection of illegal buried waste by means of geophysical techniques has recently become a major effort in shallow geophysical investigations. In particular, detection and location of underground metallic storage tanks can be accomplished using different instruments and techniques. In this paper we describe the results of an investigation carried out in a tuff quarry in Riano Flaminio (north Rome, Italy). A preliminary magnetometric survey revealed the existence of anomalous zones in the analysed region. Excavation in some of the selected areas confirmed that the anomalies were generated by underground magnetic material: over 160 steel drums were found. After their removal, a new magnetometric survey was performed. On the basis of the new map, a multifrequency induction survey, a geoelectrical profile and GPR measurements were taken to extend the characterization of the subsoil.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: environmental pollution ; geophysical surveys ; buried waste ; magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The possibility of studying the precipitations recorded in a large number of meteorological stations in Piemonte led us to analyse what has happened in the last century. A comparison between periods of 10-20 years, using an arbitrary index of rainfall, shows an increase in intense events in the last 20 years though we can observe a general reduction, in absolute value, of the quantity of rain. It is shown that, in the last 30 years, there has been a change in the granulometric distribution of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) which, in standard conditions, might become Condensation Nuclei (CN). This might have infl uenced condensation phenomenon, causing a greater frequency of intense events.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: precipitation ; intense events ; inorganic particulate matter ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: L’UR 11 del Progetto DPC 2005-2007 V5 “Diffuse Degassing in Italy” ha configurato e testato un sistema in grado di effettuare misure di flusso di emissioni gassose naturali “ad alta portata” (con particolare riferimento alla CO2, ma anche di altri geo-gas), disponendo dei dati di composizione chimica del gas stesso, denominandolo SAP = “Sistema di misura di flusso geo-gas ad Alta Portata”. Ci si focalizza in questo II anno di progetto su emissioni “eclatanti”, associate a piccoli laghetti o “polle” naturali, in zone dove storicamente si è verificata l’emissione più o meno marcata e continua di flussi gassosi; in particolare iniziando nelle aree della Val Comino (Basso Lazio) e di Palidoro (Alto Lazio). L’applicazione delle metodologie segue il lavoro intrapreso da Rogie et al. (2000), con in più una maggiore versatilità rispetto a quest’ultimo lavoro, dovuta ad una diversa geometria del sistema convogliatore del gas da allocarsi sull’emissione gassosa ed all’utilizzo di materiali più adattabili alle varie condizioni di campagna. Il sistema è stato concepito inoltre con l’intenzione di quantizzare con precisione non solo i flussi di CO2, ma anche degli altri geo-gas, semplicemente diminuendo il diametro del tubo di uscita del gas. Nella presente relazione si discute solamente del flusso di CO2, ma conoscendo la concentrazione degli altri gas delle medesime polle studiate si risale facilmente ai flussi degli altri gas (H2S, CH4, etc…). La CO2 presenta effetti tossici acuti immediati sull’apparato respiratorio: per tempi di esposizione fino a 15 minuti e per concentrazioni in atmosfera che raggiungono il 5% la CO2 provoca vasocostrizione ed incremento della attività respiratoria; per concentrazioni 〉10% provoca paralisi respiratoria e svenimento; mentre per concentrazioni 〉 25% determina il decesso immediato. Tali effetti sono accresciuti dal fatto che la specie non presenta colore ed odore con la conseguente impossibilità di essere notata per tempo dagli organi sensoriali. Inoltre, essendo più pesante dell’aria, tende a formare delle dense nubi tossiche che seguono la topografia del luogo accumulandosi per lo più nelle zone depresse prossime alla zona di emissione. E’ risultato per tanto urgente, in linea con il Progetto DPC 2005-2007 V5, quantificare i flussi giornalieri di gas emesso dalle macro-polle emissive di CO2 come quella di Palidoro e della Val Comino. Visto l’alto grado di tossicità dei gas emessi, manifestato dalla presenza più o meno continua di animali morti nei siti d’indagine, tale ricerca ha come priorità di protezione civile la valutazione dei valori di flusso di CO2 e delle sue implicazioni in termini di “pericolosità” e “valore esposto” nei riguardi di persone ed animali residenti nelle zone in esame; anche considerando il ruolo di carrier dell’anidride carbonica per altri geogas pericolosi per la salute umana come ad esempio il Radon (Pizzino et. al. 2002; Voltaggio, 2003). Già in passato, altri siti degassanti del territorio nazionale, hanno determinato incidenti letali anche ai danni di persone (Chiodini & Frondini, 2001; Pizzino et al., 2000; Voltaggio 2003). La pericolosità di tali fenomeni di degassamento è poi accresciuta dalla presenza di zone geomorfologicamente depresse: le stesse “polle” ed i solchi e i rivoli prossimi alle zone di emissione. Tali elementi morfologici accumulano e veicolano le miscele gassose a CO2 dominante che essendo più pesanti dell’aria tendono a stagnare nei primi strati di atmosfera a contatto con il suolo. In tal senso anche le condizioni di circolazione atmosferica locale giocano un importante ruolo nel favorire o sminuire l’accumulo dei gas. La presente relazione descrive le prime 2 esperienze di misura di flusso tramite quello che definiamo “Sistema di misura di flusso geo-gas ad Alta Portata” (SAP). Il SAP è come si diceva concettualmente analogo al sistema GCD (Inflatable gas Capturing Device) descritto da Rogie et al., (2000).
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-24
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: CO2 flux measurement method ; Palidor and valcomino Diffuse Degassing Structures ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.08. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Although characterized by low seismicity, the Monferrato area of north-western Italy was affected by earthquakes, of magnitude M5.1 and M4.8, in 2000 and 2001. At the same time, marked changes were recorded in water temperature and chemistry in several wells within the epicentral area. In May 2004, an automatic network for the continuous monitoring of groundwater was installed in selected wells to study the phenomenon. Here, we report on data collected during a 3-year period of groundwater monitoring. During the first year, episodes of water heating (by up to 20°C) were observed in one monitored well. The temporal analysis of the seismic activity recorded in the area revealed as almost all seismic events occurred during the period of elevated water temperatures. The similar timing of earthquakes and groundwater-temperature anomalies suggests that both may be triggered by the same processes acting in the crust.
    Description: Published
    Description: 142-149
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: groundwater monitoring ; pore fluid pressure; ; tectonic stress ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.02. Hydrological processes: interaction, transport, dynamics ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Background: Trace elements have been hypothesised to be involved in the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis and volcanic degassing is the major natural sources of trace elements. Both incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in Catania and volcanic activity of Mount Etna have been significantly increased during the last 30 years. Due to prevailing trade winds direction, volcanic gases from Etna summit craters are mostly blown towards the eastern and southern sectors of the volcano. Objective: To evaluate the possible association between Multiple Sclerosis and exposure to volcanogenic trace elements. Methods: We evaluated prevalence and incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in four communities (47,234 inhabitants) located in the eastern flank and in two communities (52,210 inhabitants) located in the western flank of Mount Etna, respectively the most and least exposed area to crater gas emissions. Results: A higher prevalence was found in the population of the eastern flank compared to the population of the western one (137.6/100,000 versus 94.3/100,000; p-value 0.04). We found a borderline significantly higher incidence risk during the incidence study period (1980–2009) in the population of the eastern flank 4.6/100,000 (95% CI 3.1–5.9), compared with the western population 3.2/100,000 (95% CI 2.4–4.2) with a RR of 1.41 (95% CI 0.97–2.05; p-value 0.06). Incidence risks have increased over the time in both populations reaching a peak of 6.4/100,000 in the eastern flank and of 4.4/100.000 in the western flank during 2000–2009. Conclusion: We found a higher prevalence and incidence of Multiple Sclerosis among populations living in the eastern flank of Mount Etna. According to our data a possible role of TE cannot be ruled out as possible co-factor in the MS pathogenesis. However larger epidemiological study are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
    Description: Published
    Description: e74259
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Mt. Etna volcano ; Multiple Sclerosis ; trace elements ; volcanic activity ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Solfatara is one of the major volcanoes of the Phlegrean Fields (Campi Flegrei) volcanic complex, and it is located in a densely populated area a few kilometres west of the city of Naples. It is an active resurgent caldera that has been characterized by a rich history of surface–ground deformation and soil diffuse degassing and fumarolic emissions, which are indications of the top of a hydrothermal plume. A seismic survey was completed in May 2009 for the characterization of the main subsurface features of the Solfatara. Using the complete data set, we have carried out surface wave inversion with high spatial resolution. A classical minimization of a least-squares objective function was first computed to retrieve the dispersion curves of the surface waves. Then, the fitting procedure between the data and a three-sedimentlayer forward model was carried out (to a depth of 7 m), using an improved version of the neighbourhood algorithm. The inversion results indicate a NE-SW fault, which is not visible at the surface. This was confirmed by a temperature survey conducted in 2010. A passive seismic experiment localized the ambient noise sources that correlate well with the areas of high CO2 flux and high soil temperatures. Finally, considering that the intrinsic attenuation is proportional to the frequency, a centroid analysis provides an overview of the attenuation of the seismic waves, which is closely linked to the petrophysical properties of the rock. These different approaches that merge complete active and passive seismic data with soil temperature and CO2 flux maps confirm the presence of the hydrothermal system plume. Some properties of the top of the plume are indicated and localized.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1725–1733
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Inverse theory ; Tomography ; Hydrothermal systems ; Europe ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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