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  • Articles  (34,859)
  • Springer  (25,307)
  • BioMed Central  (5,589)
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  (3,963)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 2025-2025
  • 2010-2014  (34,859)
  • Computer Science  (24,776)
  • Natural Sciences in General  (10,322)
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  • Articles  (34,859)
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  • 1
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    Mechanical and Durability Behaviour of Structural Lightweight Concrete Produced with Volcanic Scoria (2014)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: In this paper, the mechanical and long-term durability behaviour of structural lightweight concrete (LWC) produced with natural lightweight scoria aggregate (LWSA) from the Azores is analysed. Among the properties studied are the compressive and tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, shrinkage, capillary absorption, carbonation and chloride resistance. To this end, a comprehensive experimental study was carried out on different concrete compositions involving common and high-performance structural concrete produced with coarse or coarse and fine volcanic scoria aggregate. Generally, all the mechanical properties worsened with the incorporation of LWSA. It is concluded that the most efficient LWC with LWSA can attain compressive strength up to about 35 MPa. On the other hand, the production of LWC of more than 50 MPa implies a marked reduction in compressive strength for a small reduction in density. The long-term shrinkage increased with the replacement of normal-weight aggregate by LWA and was higher when coarse and fine scoria were used. However, the early age shrinkage can be counterbalanced by the internal curing effect provided by LWSA. The capillary absorption, chloride and carbonation resistance were affected by the high porosity of LWSA. The absence of the outer shell in scoria aggregate and the surface effects during tests can partly explain the lower performance of the LWC. Nevertheless, it is shown that LWC with scoria can be durable, and even for low- to moderate-strength LWC the corrosion induced by carbonation may not be relevant.
    Print ISSN: 1319-8025
    Electronic ISSN: 2191-4281
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Published by Springer on behalf of The King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals.
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  • 2
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    BitTorious: global controlled genomics data publication, research and archiving via BitTorrent extensions (2014)
    BioMed Central
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: Background: Centralized silos of genomic data are architecturally easier to initially design, develop and deploy than distributed models. However, as interoperability pains in EHR/EMR, HIE and other collaboration-centric life sciences domains have taught us, the core challenge of networking genomics systems is not in the construction of individual silos, but the interoperability of those deployments in a manner embracing the heterogeneous needs, terms and infrastructure of collaborating parties. This article demonstrates the adaptation of BitTorrent to private collaboration networks in an authenticated, authorized and encrypted manner while retaining the same characteristics of standard BitTorrent. Results: The BitTorious portal was sucessfully used to manage many concurrent domestic Bittorrent clients across the United States: exchanging genomics data payloads in excess of 500GiB using the uTorrent client software on Linux, OSX and Windows platforms. Individual nodes were sporadically interrupted to verify the resilience of the system to outages of a single client node as well as recovery of nodes resuming operation on intermittent Internet connections. Conclusions: The authorization-based extension of Bittorrent and accompanying BitTorious reference tracker and user management web portal provide a free, standards-based, general purpose and extensible data distribution system for large ‘omics collaborations.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2105
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 3
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    Effect of Coriolis Force on Bénard–Marangoni Convection in a Rotating Ferrofluid Layer with MFD Viscosity (2014)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: The simultaneous effect of Coriolis force due to rotation and magnetic field dependent (MFD) viscosity on the onset of Bénard-Marangoni convection in a horizontal ferrofluid layer in the presence of a uniform vertical magnetic field is studied. The lower boundary is rigid while the upper free boundary is open to the atmosphere and at which the temperature-dependent surface tension effect is allowed for. The Galerkin technique is employed to extract the critical stability parameters numerically. The results show that the onset of Bénard-Marangoni ferroconvection is delayed with an increase in the MFD viscosity parameter Λ, Taylor number T a , magnetic susceptibility χ and Biot number B i but opposite is the case with an increase in the value of magnetic number M 1 and nonlinearity of fluid magnetization M 3 . Further, increase in M 1 , M 3 and decrease in Λ, T a , χ and B i is to decrease the size of the convection cells. Comparisons of results between the present and the existing ones are made under the limiting conditions and good agreement is found.
    Print ISSN: 0938-0108
    Electronic ISSN: 1875-0494
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Technology
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  • 4
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    Free Surface Deformation of Thermo-Solutocapillary Convection in Axisymmetric Liquid Bridge (2014)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: Steady thermo-solutocapillary convection in axisymmetric liquid bridge with dynamic free surface is numerically studied in the absence of gravitational effects. The upper and lower disks of liquid bridge maintain at constant temperature and solute concentration. The deformable free surface is obtained by Level set method. Numerical simulations are carried out for Prantle number Pr = 1, Capillary number Ca = 0.1, Marangoni number 1 ≤ Ma ≤ 100, and thermal to solutal Marangoni number ratio −10≤R σ ≤ 0.1. The results show that there are three modes of free surface deformation in thermo-solutocapillary convection under low Marangoni number: 1) as −10≤R σ 〈−1, the free surface bulges out near the lower disk and bulges in near the upper disk; 2) as R σ =−1 the free surface bulges out near the lower and upper disks and bulges in at the central region of the liquid bridge; 3) as −1R σ ≤−0.1, the free surface bulges out near the upper disk and bulges in near the lower disk. Moreover, the effect of Marangoni number on free surface deformation also is discussed.
    Print ISSN: 0938-0108
    Electronic ISSN: 1875-0494
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Technology
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  • 5
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    A New Highly Accurate CMOS Current-Mode Four-Quadrant Multiplier (2014)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: A new CMOS current-mode four-quadrant analog multiplier is presented. The design is based on the square-difference approach using short-channel MOSFETs operating in saturation region and a rectifier. The squaring circuit used is free of error due to carrier mobility reduction and hence an accurate multiplier is achieved. Tanner T-spice is used to confirm the functionality of the proposed design using 0.18μm TCMS CMOS process technology. Simulation results shows that the relative error is 1.8% and –3dB frequency is 230MHz.
    Print ISSN: 1319-8025
    Electronic ISSN: 2191-4281
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Published by Springer on behalf of The King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals.
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  • 6
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    A Case Study of Seismic Hazard Analysis at Al-Tajiat and Al-Zawraa Stadiums in Baghdad/Iraq Region (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: The purpose of this study was to conduct seismic hazard analysis for Al-Tajiat and Al-Zawraa stadiums using probabilistic and deterministic approaches. The stadiums of Al-Tajiat and Al-Zawraa are located at latitude of \({33^{\circ}}\) 25ʹ25.80ʺN, longitude of \({44^{\circ}}\) 17ʹ9.28ʺE and latitude of \({33^{\circ}}\) 20ʹ39ʺN, longitude of \({44^{\circ}}\) 22ʹ5.81ʺE, respectively. To assess the seismic hazard, the region was divided into five seismic sources, and the seismic parameters were calculated for each selected seismic source. According to the results obtained from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, the maximum horizontal accelerations on bedrock for return periods of 75, 475, and 2,475 years are equal to 0.06, 0.12, and 0.21 g, respectively. The result of deterministic seismic hazard assessment proves that the maximum horizontal and vertical acceleration on bedrock are 0.31 and 0.16 g, respectively. In order to analyze the response of structures against calculated acceleration, studies related to response spectrum and design spectrum have been carried out based on statistical analysis of appropriate time histories. The computer program Equivalent linear Earthquake Response Analysis was used to process the selected records and to consider the effect of soil conditions. Design spectrum has also been presented based on the response spectrum of the selected time histories and then was compared with the corresponding ones in UBC 1997 and ISIRI 2800 codes. The comparison shows that the presented design spectrum is more conservative than the results provided by the above codes.
    Print ISSN: 1319-8025
    Electronic ISSN: 2191-4281
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Published by Springer on behalf of The King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals.
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  • 7
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    Enabling discovery science in human connectomics (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Print ISSN: 1001-6538
    Electronic ISSN: 1861-9541
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
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    MIMO channel capacity using antenna selection and water pouring (2014)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: The use of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems has attracted considerable attention due to capacity and performance improvements without increasing the required bandwidth or transmission power. Although MIMO improves the transmission rate and provides reliable communication, these advantages come at a high cost, since multiple radio frequency (RF) chains have to be employed. Therefore, cost-effective implementation of MIMO systems remains as an important challenge. In this sense, antenna selection techniques (AST) can help reduce the high cost of MIMO systems, while retaining most of their benefits; and in order to improve channel capacity, transmission power can be allocated efficiently according to the channel experienced by each antenna element. In this paper, we show the channel capacity improvement of MIMO systems, by combining the use of AST and transmission power allocation through the water-pouring algorithm (WPA) for different antenna configurations. We apply WPA and allocate more power to the channel with better conditions, when the MIMO channel is Rayleigh distributed and noise is Gaussian. By employing these two techniques (AST and WPA), we show that channel capacity is significantly improved, with higher capacity values than those obtained using traditional systems which just spread equal power among all the transmit antennas. We also show that bounds on the capacity can be considered when these improvements are used in a MIMO system.
    Print ISSN: 1687-1472
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-1499
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Computer Science
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  • 9
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    Exploring efficient seamless handover in VANET systems using network dwell time (2014)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Description: Vehicular ad hoc networks are a long-term solution contributing significantly towards intelligent transport systems (ITS) in providing access to critical life-safety applications and services. Although vehicular ad hoc networks are attracting greater commercial interest, current research has not adequately captured the real-world constraints in vehicular ad hoc network handover techniques. Therefore, in order to have the best practice for vehicular ad hoc network services, it is necessary to have seamless connectivity for optimal coverage and ideal channel utilisation. Due to the high velocity of vehicles and smaller coverage distances, there are serious challenges in providing seamless handover from one roadside unit (RSU) to another. Though other research efforts have looked at many issues in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), very few research work have looked at handover issues. Most literature assume that handover does not take a significant time and does not affect the overall VANET operation. In our previous work, we started to investigate these issues. This journal provides a more comprehensive analysis involving the beacon frequency, the size of beacon and the velocity of the vehicle. We used some of the concepts of Y-Comm architecture such as network dwell time (NDT), time before handover (TBH) and exit time (ET) to provide a framework to investigate handover issues. Further simulation studies were used to investigate the relation between beaconing, velocity and the network dwell time. Our results show that there is a need to understand the cumulative effect of beaconing in addition to the probability of successful reception as well as how these probability distributions are affected by the velocity of the vehicle. This provides more insight into how to support life critical applications using proactive handover techniques.
    Print ISSN: 1687-1472
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-1499
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Computer Science
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  • 10
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    A Case Study of Seismic Hazard Analysis at Al-Tajiat and Al-Zawraa Stadiums in Baghdad/Iraq Region (2014)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-31
    Print ISSN: 1319-8025
    Electronic ISSN: 2191-4281
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Published by Springer
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