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  • Articles  (7)
  • corrosion
  • growth
  • Springer  (7)
  • BioMed Central
  • 2025-2025
  • 2020-2024
  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999  (7)
  • 1995  (7)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (7)
  • Sociology
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • Articles  (7)
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  • 2025-2025
  • 2020-2024
  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Losses and recoveries of fish populations in acidified lakes of southern Finland in the last decade (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 315-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Fish populations ; perch ; roach ; growth ; reproduction ; water chemistry ; acidification ; recover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Acid-induced fish damage in small lakes in southern Finland was studied in a fish status survey of eighty lakes from 1985–1987. Later, twenty of these lakes were selected for further monitoring. A sampling of these lakes from 1988–1989 showed that the decrease in some perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) populations still continued. The results from the same lakes in 1992 showed that successful reproduction had taken place with many of the perch populations that had been close to extinction in 1985. In contrast, no signs of recovery in the roach populations were detected. The explanation for the appearance of new cohorts of perch could have been the decrease in acid deposition but the exceptional hydrological conditions of winters in the early 1990s may also have affected them. The different responses of the perch and roach populations were interpreted as a consequence of the different sensitivity of these two species to acidification. Even a slight improvement in the water quality has resulted in the appearance of strong new year-classes of perch, but not of roach. Therefore, more improvement in water quality is needed until a sensitive species like roach can reproduce again.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00476848
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ozone effects on dry matter partitioning and chlorophyll fluorescence during plant development of wheat (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 1461-1466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: ozone ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; growth ; senescence ; biomass partitioning ; photosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In closed-chamber fumigation experiments dry matter partitioning and chlorophyll fluorescence of wheat were studied, analysing the effects of ozone during different stages of plant development. Ozone causes enhanced leaf senescence, leading to a loss of green leaf area and, consequently to a decreased supply of assimilates, affecting (in increasing order of severeness) stem, ear and grain productivity because of reduced storage pools for translocation. Leaves of plants before shooting stage were most sensitive but the lack of green leaf area after ear emergence had the most pronounced effects on grain yield. Measurements of photochemical capacity showed that evidence for negative ozone effects could be found in changes of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in leaf sections not yet showing visible ozone injury. Negative effects on photosynthesis were more distinct with increasing accumulated ozone dose, with increasing age of leaf tissue and with increasing ozone sensitivity of the cultivar. The changes in chlorophyll fluorescence are most likely to be explained by a decreased pool size of plastoquinones caused by ozone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477187
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long term effects of enhanced nitrogen deposition on a lowland dry heath in southern Britain (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 1701-1706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: nitrogen ; heathland ; Calluna vulgaris ; critical load ; growth ; litter production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Experimental additions of ammonium sulphate to a nitrogen-poor dry heathland have been carried out since 1989. There are four nitrogen treatments: a control (receiving artificial rain only), a low treatment which receives an additional 7.7 kg N ha−1 yr−1, a high treatment receiving 15.4 kg N ha−1 yr−1 and an alternating treatment which receives either the control or the high nitrogen additions, in alternate years. The estimated background deposition at the study site is 13–18 kg N ha−1 yr−1, a value similar to the critical load that has been suggested for the conversion of lowland heath to grassland. Over the past 5 years there have been significant stimulations in shoot growth, flowering, canopy density and litter production. Flowering, in particular, strongly reflects nitrogen additions in the alternating treatment. Current models of the response of dry Calluna heathlaud to enhanced nitrogen deposition suggest that higher tissue nitrogen levels will occur and will be accompanied by heightened sensitivity to secondary stresses. This may in turn lead to canopy breakdown and replacement by grassland. The application of nitrogen at deposition rates only slightly in excess of the critical load over five years has produced small, non-significant increases in shoot nitrogen content. However, there is clear evidence of a large positive effect on shoot growth, flowering, litter production and canopy density of Calluna. The observation of these responses at the application rates used in this study supports the current proposals for critical loads of nitrogen for lowland heaths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477225
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laboratory study of SO2 dry deposition on limestone and marble: Effects of humidity and surface variables (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 2679-2685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Dry deposition ; sulfur dioxide ; chamber ; wind tunnel ; corrosion ; limestone ; marble ; humidity ; moisture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The dry deposition of gaseous air pollutants on stone and other materials is influenced by atmospheric processes and the chemical characteristics of the deposited gas species and of the specific receptor material. Previous studies have shown that relative humidity, surface moisture, and acid buffering capability of the receptor surface are very important factors. To better quantify this behavior, a special recirculating wind tunnel/environmental chamber was constructed, in which wind speed, turbulence, air temperature, relative humidity, and concentrations of several pollutants (SO2, O3, nitrogen oxides) can be held constant. An airfoil sample holder holds up to eight stone samples (3.8 cm in diameter and 1 cm thick) in nearly identical exposure conditions. SO2 deposition on limestone was found to increase exponentially with increasing relative humidity (RH). Marble behaves similarly, but with a much lower deposition rate. Trends indicate there is little deposition below 20% RH on clean limestone and below 60% RH on clean marble. This large difference is due to the limestone's greater porosity, surface roughness, and effective surface area. These results indicate surface variables generally limit SO2 deposition below about 70% RH on limestone and below at least 95% RH on marble. Aerodynamic variables generally limit deposition at higher relative humidity or when the surface is wet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01186239
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth responses and foliar sensitivities of native herbaceous species to ozone exposures (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 1437-1442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: ozone ; native flora ; premature senescence ; growth ; foliar symptoms ; seed production ; Malva sylvestris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports on open-top chamber studies investigating the effects of different O3 exposures on native herbaceous plant species. Plants were grown up from seeds, potted into natural soils and exposed to near-ambient O3 levels during one growing season. A wide range of visible symptoms was apparent during the exposures. Species such as Rumex obtusifolius, Senecio vulgaris or Sonchus asper showed leaf colorations (e.g. reddish pigmentation) that probably indicate a non-specific stress response. In other species especially of the genera Malva and Cirsium the symptoms produced by O3 appeared to be similar to those characteristic for O3-specific foliar injury (stippling, flecking). In almost all species tested, O3 caused premature leaf senescence, which was sometimes associated with premature leaf abscission. However, earlier senescence did not necessarily result in changes in plant growth. Of all species tested, Malva sylvestris was found to be the most sensitive in terms of growth reduction and lower seed production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477183
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of pH and aluminium on the growth and feeding behaviour of smooth and palmate newt larvae (1995)
    Springer
    Ecotoxicology 4 (1995), S. 299-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Keywords: pH ; aluminium ; Triturus ; growth ; feeding behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The distribution of smooth and palmate newts (Triturus vulgaris and Triturus helveticus) may be related to water quality. This study compared the larval growth and feeding behaviour of both species under sublethal levels of aluminium and low pH. The growth of both species was inhibited to a similar degree under acidic conditions with aluminium toxicity dependent upon both low pH and developmental stage. The two species were differentially affected by low pH in terms of feeding behaviour. T. vulgaris larvae took significantly longer to snap at food under low pH than the apparently acid-tolerant T. helveticus. Aluminium had no significant effect on the feeding behaviour of either species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00118596
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of field-grown ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior) exposed to ozone episodes (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 1343-1348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: ozone episodes ; Fraxinus excelsior ; growth ; leaf area ; abscission ; open-top chambers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Ash trees were exposed to ozone episodes (150 nl l−1, 8 h d−1, 24–27 d y−1) from May to October, 1992 to 1994, in open-top chambers designed to minimise microclimatic modification. Many aspects of growth were studied, including leaf abscission, leaf area, mean leaf size, tree height and girth, extension growth, cross sectional area of annual rings and above-ground dry weight. An overview of the results is presented. This shows that the duration of the leaf fall period was increased by exposure to ozone. However, three seasons of severe ozone exposure relative to UK conditions did not significantly alter other aspects of growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477168
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