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  • Articles  (14)
  • corrosion
  • growth
  • Springer  (14)
  • BioMed Central
  • 2025-2025
  • 2020-2024
  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999  (14)
  • 1997  (7)
  • 1995  (7)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (11)
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (3)
  • Sociology
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  • Articles  (14)
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  • 2025-2025
  • 2020-2024
  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement of a HSLA steel in 0.5m H2SO4 by nitrile compounds (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 27 (1997), S. 1265-1274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: corrosion ; hydrogen embrittlement ; inhibitors ; HSLA steel ; nitrite compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The inhibitive action of valeronitrile, benzonitrile and derivatives of benzonitrile on the corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement behaviour of HSLA steel in 0.5m H2SO4 was investigated. All these inhibitors reduced the corrosion rate of the steel with naphthonitrile showing the highest inhibitive efficiency and valeronitrile the lowest. All the inhibitors adsorbed on the steel as per the Temkin adsorption isotherm. The steel become less active on the addition of benzonitrile, 3-chlorobenzonitrile, 4-chlorobenzonitrile, 4-methylbenzonitrile and naphthonitrile to the acid while valeronitrile and 2-chlorobenzonitrile made the steel more active. Naphthonitrile reduced the rate of the hydrogen evolution reaction most efficiently. Derivatives of benzonitrile inhibited hydrogen absorption most effectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018440105425
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Passivation and depassivation of Monel electrodes in KF.2HF melts in comparison with the behaviour of nickel (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 27 (1997), S. 1245-1253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: fluorine production ; monel alloy ; corrosion ; passive films ; KF.2HF melts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Commercial fluorine production is conducted from KF.2HF melts at 85∘C in Monel cells that are subject to corrosion. Here we report studies of passivation and depassivation of the Monel in relation to that of Ni, its principal (65 wt % ) constituent, by means of cyclic voltammetry and recording of open-circuit potential-relaxation transients. The latter exhibit arrests at characteristic Flade-type potentials and lead to information on the kinetics of passive film breakdown. The role of diffusion processes in such breakdown and film dissolution is evaluated using the rotating disc electrode technique which enables comparisons to be made with the passivation behaviour of the separate main components of Monel, viz. Ni and Cu.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018436004516
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localized corrosion of 1024 mild steel in slightly alkaline bicarbonate solution with Cl− ions (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1997), S. 151-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: corrosion ; 1024 mild steel ; pitting ; film breakdown ; electro-oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The passive film breakdown of 1024 mild steel induced by the presence of 0.05m chloride ions had been investigated in 0.075–0.75m bicarbonate solutions at pH8.9–9.7. A rotating disc electrode with a Kel-F holder was used in conjunction with a rotating ring-disc electrode. The resistance to localized attack is closely linked to the preanodization potential (Eox) applied in the absence of Cl- ions. For Eox below about 0.2–0.3V vs SCE, the resistance to localized attack provided by the passive film is independent of Eox; above the breakdown potential, the localized attack is manifested by the formation of pits at the mild steel surface. The breakdown potential increases linearly with NaHCO3 concentration and pH. Passive film breakdown for Eox below about 0.2–0.3V vs SCE most likely begins with a surface film dissolution prior to the penetration of the aggressive anions through the film. For Eox above about 0.3V vs SCE under the same conditions, no pitting is noticed and the potential associated with localized attack shifts considerably in the anodic direction due to interstitial (formation of crevices) corrosion at the mild steel/Kel-F interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003274507668
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Losses and recoveries of fish populations in acidified lakes of southern Finland in the last decade (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 315-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Fish populations ; perch ; roach ; growth ; reproduction ; water chemistry ; acidification ; recover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Acid-induced fish damage in small lakes in southern Finland was studied in a fish status survey of eighty lakes from 1985–1987. Later, twenty of these lakes were selected for further monitoring. A sampling of these lakes from 1988–1989 showed that the decrease in some perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) populations still continued. The results from the same lakes in 1992 showed that successful reproduction had taken place with many of the perch populations that had been close to extinction in 1985. In contrast, no signs of recovery in the roach populations were detected. The explanation for the appearance of new cohorts of perch could have been the decrease in acid deposition but the exceptional hydrological conditions of winters in the early 1990s may also have affected them. The different responses of the perch and roach populations were interpreted as a consequence of the different sensitivity of these two species to acidification. Even a slight improvement in the water quality has resulted in the appearance of strong new year-classes of perch, but not of roach. Therefore, more improvement in water quality is needed until a sensitive species like roach can reproduce again.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00476848
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ozone effects on dry matter partitioning and chlorophyll fluorescence during plant development of wheat (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 1461-1466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: ozone ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; growth ; senescence ; biomass partitioning ; photosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In closed-chamber fumigation experiments dry matter partitioning and chlorophyll fluorescence of wheat were studied, analysing the effects of ozone during different stages of plant development. Ozone causes enhanced leaf senescence, leading to a loss of green leaf area and, consequently to a decreased supply of assimilates, affecting (in increasing order of severeness) stem, ear and grain productivity because of reduced storage pools for translocation. Leaves of plants before shooting stage were most sensitive but the lack of green leaf area after ear emergence had the most pronounced effects on grain yield. Measurements of photochemical capacity showed that evidence for negative ozone effects could be found in changes of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in leaf sections not yet showing visible ozone injury. Negative effects on photosynthesis were more distinct with increasing accumulated ozone dose, with increasing age of leaf tissue and with increasing ozone sensitivity of the cultivar. The changes in chlorophyll fluorescence are most likely to be explained by a decreased pool size of plastoquinones caused by ozone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477187
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occupational Exposure: The Role of Circuit Chemistry and Tube Coatings in Reducing the ORE of Advanced Water Cooled Fusion Plants and the Potential Effects of Magnetic Fields (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of fusion energy 16 (1997), S. 291-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9591
    Keywords: SEAL ; ORE ; martensitic steels ; corrosion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract On a conservative calculation for a nonoptimized design, the Safety and Environmental Assessment of Fusion Power (SEAFP) water cooled design (Model 2) was found to have an Occupational Radiological Exposure (ORE) which would be too high by today's standards. This paper describes the investigations which have been undertaken to reduce the expected ORE to acceptable levels. In addition, an investigation on allowable exposure to magnetic fields was carried out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021863824995
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corrosion of metals in natural waters influenced by manganese oxidizing microorganisms (1997)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 8 (1997), S. 201-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: corrosion ; ennoblement ; manganese dioxide ; manganese oxidizing microorganisms ; microbiologically influenced corrosion ; stainless steel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Case histories and proposed mechanisms formicrobiologically influenced corrosion of metals andalloys by metal depositing microorganisms arereviewed. Mechanisms with indirect participation ofthese microorganisms, usually iron- and manganeseoxidizing species, are distinguished from anothermechanism which accounts specifically for theelectrochemical properties of deposits containingoxides and hydroxides of Mn in higher oxidationstates. The possible influence of such deposits whichwere formed microbiologically is evaluated. Theevaluation is based on the principles ofelectrochemical corrosion of metals and on theelectrochemical properties of Mn3+/4+- compounds.After briefly reviewing the microbiologicalMn-oxidation, experimental evidence for the predictedcorrosion by such deposits is provided and a model formicrobiologically influenced corrosion by manganeseoxidizing microorganisms is proposed for stainlesssteel. Possible consequences of the model andpractical aspects of such a corrosion are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008294003160
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long term effects of enhanced nitrogen deposition on a lowland dry heath in southern Britain (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 1701-1706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: nitrogen ; heathland ; Calluna vulgaris ; critical load ; growth ; litter production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Experimental additions of ammonium sulphate to a nitrogen-poor dry heathland have been carried out since 1989. There are four nitrogen treatments: a control (receiving artificial rain only), a low treatment which receives an additional 7.7 kg N ha−1 yr−1, a high treatment receiving 15.4 kg N ha−1 yr−1 and an alternating treatment which receives either the control or the high nitrogen additions, in alternate years. The estimated background deposition at the study site is 13–18 kg N ha−1 yr−1, a value similar to the critical load that has been suggested for the conversion of lowland heath to grassland. Over the past 5 years there have been significant stimulations in shoot growth, flowering, canopy density and litter production. Flowering, in particular, strongly reflects nitrogen additions in the alternating treatment. Current models of the response of dry Calluna heathlaud to enhanced nitrogen deposition suggest that higher tissue nitrogen levels will occur and will be accompanied by heightened sensitivity to secondary stresses. This may in turn lead to canopy breakdown and replacement by grassland. The application of nitrogen at deposition rates only slightly in excess of the critical load over five years has produced small, non-significant increases in shoot nitrogen content. However, there is clear evidence of a large positive effect on shoot growth, flowering, litter production and canopy density of Calluna. The observation of these responses at the application rates used in this study supports the current proposals for critical loads of nitrogen for lowland heaths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477225
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laboratory study of SO2 dry deposition on limestone and marble: Effects of humidity and surface variables (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 2679-2685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Dry deposition ; sulfur dioxide ; chamber ; wind tunnel ; corrosion ; limestone ; marble ; humidity ; moisture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The dry deposition of gaseous air pollutants on stone and other materials is influenced by atmospheric processes and the chemical characteristics of the deposited gas species and of the specific receptor material. Previous studies have shown that relative humidity, surface moisture, and acid buffering capability of the receptor surface are very important factors. To better quantify this behavior, a special recirculating wind tunnel/environmental chamber was constructed, in which wind speed, turbulence, air temperature, relative humidity, and concentrations of several pollutants (SO2, O3, nitrogen oxides) can be held constant. An airfoil sample holder holds up to eight stone samples (3.8 cm in diameter and 1 cm thick) in nearly identical exposure conditions. SO2 deposition on limestone was found to increase exponentially with increasing relative humidity (RH). Marble behaves similarly, but with a much lower deposition rate. Trends indicate there is little deposition below 20% RH on clean limestone and below 60% RH on clean marble. This large difference is due to the limestone's greater porosity, surface roughness, and effective surface area. These results indicate surface variables generally limit SO2 deposition below about 70% RH on limestone and below at least 95% RH on marble. Aerodynamic variables generally limit deposition at higher relative humidity or when the surface is wet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01186239
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECTS OF O3 AND SOIL ACIDIFICATION, ALONE AND IN COMBINATION, ON GROWTH, GAS EXCHANGE RATE AND CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT OF RED PINE SEEDLINGS (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 97 (1997), S. 355-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: chlorophyll content ; gas exchange ; growth ; ozone ; redpine ; soil acidification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract One-year-old seedlings of red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. and Zucc.) were grown in typic red-yellow forest soil (Typic Hapludults) artificially adjusted to pH (H2O) 3.15, 3.60 or 3.90 by adding H2SO4 solution to the soil (pH 4.60), and exposed to ozone (O3) at 150±10 ppb (nl⋅L-1) for 8 h a day, 6 days a week, for 16 weeks from June 5 to October 5, 1994. The control seedlings were exposed to charcoal-filtered air (CF) and grown in the soil without the additional supply of H+ as H2SO4 solution during the same period. No significant interactive effects of O3 and soil acidification were observed for the determined seedling parameters in this study. However, O3 caused a reduction in needle dry weight, net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll contents in the needle tip or on whole-needle weight basis, and stimulated rates of dark respiration and photorespiration. There were no significant effects of O3 on chlorophyll contents in the needle middle and basal parts, transpiration rate or water use efficiency (WUE). On the other hand, the seedlings grown in the soil adjusted to pH 3.60 or 3.90 showed a reduction in needle dry weight, net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll contents in all the needle parts and WUE, and an increase in the rates of dark respiration and photorespiration. The transpiration rate of the seedlings was not significantly affected by soil acidification. All the seedlings grown in the soil adjusted to pH 3.15 died during the first 4 weeks. Soil and needle analysis suggested that high concentrations of Al and low Ca/Al ratios in the acidified soil were stressors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026428627983
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